BUILDING MATERIALBUILDING MATERIAL

PALESTINE UNIVERSITY PALESTINE UNIVERSITY

chapter No.#7 chapter No.#7

Mechanical WorksMechanical Works

Dr. Ali Ibrahim Tayeh Dr. Ali Ibrahim Tayeh

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS General General

Mechanical works must hve high control in Mechanical works must hve high control in order to prevent any damage.order to prevent any damage.

Because its problem appear after some times.Because its problem appear after some times.

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS considerations considerations

We should take in our considerations Bath room accessories distribution

Accessories (such as grab bars, paper towel

dispenser, seat cover dispenser, toilet tissue

dispenser, soap dispenser, hand dryer, etc.) should

not be appered by doors.

Bath room accessories distribution depend on

accessories dimensions Structural factors

pipes must be taken in consecration when we

design structural element for buildings as drop

beams.

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS considerationsconsiderations

water pipes must be prevented to locate near

to footings or in the middle of buildings.Collector boxes

Collector boxes must be located in a suitable

place enable the human move with more

friability in order to be easier maintenance

and easier insulation.

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS considerationsconsiderations

Fresh water and waste water pipes must check it after installed it .

It is preferred to control any supplier by water switch.

To prevent leakage losses or to make high control and easy maintenance.

It is preferred to use a good kind of switch to prevent water leakage and brokenness.

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS ValvesValves

All valves shall be installed so that they are accessible for inspection and maintenance,

and are fully operable. Air vents shall be located at highest points in

the lines. No joints shall be made within walls, floors

or ceiling thickness, or in inaccessible positions.

Drain valves shall be provided at the bottom of every riser and on the outlet side of branch

isolating valves, and at all low undeniable points.

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS TestingTesting

The domestic hot and cold water service pipe

work shall be tested with potable water to a

pressure of 1 1/2 times the working head and

maintained for two hours without further

application of pressure, and without visible

leakage or drop in indicated pressure.

In the event of the failure of any test the

defect shall be located and repaired, and the

test repeated.

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS TestingTesting

All pipe work shall be hydraulically tested as soon as is practicable after installation and

before completion of shaft walls, access panels, suspended ceilings and application of

insulation. The pipe work shall be inspected and hydraulically tested to not less than 1 1/2 times the working pressure whichever is

greater. The test shall be maintained for 2 hours without further application of pressure

and without visible leakage or drop in indicated pressure.

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS Pipe SleevesPipe Sleeves

Where pipes pass through floors or walls, compatible pipe sleeves shall be supplied. Unless

otherwise stated pipe sleeves shall be sized to provide 15 mm clearance around the pipe to be installed or,

where the pipe is to be thermally insulated or otherwise covered, 15 mm clearance around the surface covering in order that the sleeve may be

packed and sealed with mineral or glass wool sealed at both ends with water and fire retardant mastic.

Particular attention should be given to necessary fire-stop approval materials.

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS Pipe SleevesPipe Sleeves

Sleeves shall be of the same material as the piping and shall be cut to the correct required length at

site with due allowance for the thickness of plaster and/or other finishes.

Water protecting pipe sleeves through floors shall be supplied and fixed in the following locations:

in floors provided with a waterproof membrane

in plant rooms in kitchen areas

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS Drainage SystemDrainage System

This system shall be installed to collect the foul drainage from sanitary and waste water items and

convey this effluent to the external authority sewers. Also this system shall cover the storm

water (rain water) drainage . . Drainage water can be grouped to three group:

Clean water Rain water

waste water

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS Drainage SystemDrainage System

Drainage water coming to its manholes by gravity Drainage water coming to its manholes by gravity generally generally

Some times we used pumps in order to getting Some times we used pumps in order to getting water to manholes ,in this case the reason to use water to manholes ,in this case the reason to use

pump is:pump is: Difference of level Difference of level

This happen if the This happen if the lowest level of pipes is lower than the lowest level of pipes is lower than the

bottom level of manholes, so we use bottom level of manholes, so we use pump to come over this problem and pump to come over this problem and

getting the water out.getting the water out.

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS Drainage SystemDrainage System

Huge quantities Huge quantities

Some times huge quantities of water cause Some times huge quantities of water cause discharge problem , so we use pump to discharge problem , so we use pump to come over this problem and getting the come over this problem and getting the

water out.water out.

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS EVAPORATORSEVAPORATORS

Material

The shell and tube plates shall be of steel and the The shell and tube plates shall be of steel and the

water boxes/end covers of steel or cast iron. water boxes/end covers of steel or cast iron.

Water-box end covers shall be removable. Tubes Water-box end covers shall be removable. Tubes

shall be copper, aluminum brass or cupro-nickel. shall be copper, aluminum brass or cupro-nickel.

Supports of suitable materials shall be installed Supports of suitable materials shall be installed

to prevent tube vibrationto prevent tube vibration

Tests

Refrigerant and water spaces shall be pressure Refrigerant and water spaces shall be pressure

tested at the manufacturers works in accordance tested at the manufacturers works in accordance

with this specification.with this specification.

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS Roof isolationRoof isolation

Roof isolation To check roof isolation we must close all

sewage or rain water pipe opening then pump a big water quantities to special datum and

observe the change of water level with respect to datum level

Piping requiring to be thermally insulated or otherwise covered shall be so fixed as to

permit the application of the covering around the full circumference and also leave

adequate space between covered pipes.

MECHANICAL WORKS MECHANICAL WORKS ELEVATORELEVATOR

ELEVATORThere are General spas faction should be taken in our

consideration in order to get more safe elevators as: Driving system.

Capacity (LOAD). Power supply.

Motor capacity. Stops and saftey.

Travel Rate speed.

Door systems. Door size. Car Size.

Hoist way Size.

MECHANICAL WORKSMECHANICAL WORKS

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