building energy analysis reportdarren bruce mechanical option 1919 m st, washington dc 6 of 6 vi....

Darren Bruce Mechanical Option 1919 M St, Washington DC Primary Faculty Advisor: Prof. Bahnfleth October 8, 2003

Building Energy Analysis Report:

Darren Bruce Mechanical Option 1919 M St, Washington DC

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Executive Summary:

The purpose of this report was to determine the “greenness” of 1919 M St and to establish its energy efficiency. 1919 M St. is an 8 story, 265,000 sq.ft. Multi-use office space located in downtown Washington, DC. The building’s main power supply is electricity, provided by PEPCO. A 275 gallon diesel fuel tank is located in the basement, however; this is for emergency power generation only and very rarely is needed.

After careful review of the main building components, it is clear that 1919 M St.

is greener than the average building in the southern region. The building envelope passed the ASHRAE Standard 90.1 requirements by a significant margin. A lighting analysis also showed that the building cleared the standards set by Standard 90. The total energy that 1919 uses overall is much less than the average BOMA building. 1919 M St. has demonstrated its superior energy performance and has been awarded the Energy Star.


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I. Building Envelope: The curtain wall system consists of green glass panels with metal and pre-cast concrete separations. The U-Value for the wall itself is .10 Btu/(hr-ft^2-F) and for the glass area of the curtain wall the U-Value is .3 Btu/(hr-ft^2-F). Using these numbers and the areas of glass and wall, the Energy Efficiency was calculated. Using the Envelope System Performance Compliance Calculation Program, it was determined that 1919 M St. passed the ASHRAE Standard 90.1 Energy Efficiency requirements. See Appendix A for calculation sheet. II. Building Lighting: The next step in the ASHRAE Standard 90.1 Analysis is determining the energy used by the lighting system. Using the Standard 90.1 Building Area Method, the Lighting Power Allowance is calculated. From Table 9.3.1.1 of Standard 90.1, the Lighting Power Density for a standard office building is 1.3 W/ft^2. Using a building area of 268,000 ft^2, the Lighting Power Allowance is 348,400 W.

Interior Lighting Power Allowance (Building Area Method)

Building Type

Lighting Power Density (W/ft^2)

Building Area (ft^2)

Lighting Power Allowance (W)

Office 1.3 268,000 348,400 After the allowable Wattage was determined, the next step is to determine the actual lighting power that is used. The watts for every fixture were determined using the lighting schedules provided in the drawings. Each space was calculated by adding the number of fixtures then multiplying by the watts they produce. After calculating an entire floor, the process was simplified by multiplying the calculated floor by the total number of floors. This was justified by the similarities between the floor layouts and the comparable occupant needs. The total calculated Lighting Power, 341,621W, is less than the allowable prescribed by ASHRAE, therefore 1919 M St. complies. See Appendix B for calculations. Ex: Eighth Floor East Conference Room Fixtures: 7” Fluorescent Wall washers- 36 W each (24) 7” Compact Fluorescents -52 W each (26) Pendant – 50 W each (4) (36*24)+(52*24)+(50*4)= 2416 W See Appendix B for Lighting Calculation details.


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III. Energy Consumption: From an existing utility bill provided by Consolidated Engineering Services, the total energy that 1919 M St. consumes in a given month is approximately 448,900kWh. An analysis of 1919 shows that the average energy cost is over 25% cheaper than the BOMA median building. Along with a lower cost, 1919 uses a lower total amount of energy than a general office building. The 1919 power bill shows the energy used per square foot to be 1.69kWh/ft^2. This can be converted to 20.28 kWh/ft^2 yr by multiplying by 12 months/yr. The data below is from a Department of Energy website and shows the average energy consumption for standard office buildings. From the chart it can be seen that a typical large, greater than 50,000 ft^2, office building consumes 32.8 ft^3/ ft^2 of natural gas per year. After a few simple calculations, this can be converted into 9.89kWh/ft^2 yr. That number added to the 22.1 kWh/ft^2 yr of electricity consumed by an average large office building, comes to 32 kWh/ft^2 yr, nearly 12 kWh/ft^2 yr more than 1919 M St. This is another indication of how 1919 is more energy efficient than the average office building.

Natural Gas Consumption and Cost by Size Consumption Cost

Total (Billion

Cubic Feet)

Per Building (Thousand Cubic Feet)

Per Square Foot (Cubic

Feet)

Per Thousand Cubic Feet (Dollars)

All Office Buildings 233 532 35.7 4.94Large Buildings 113 4510 32.8 4.29

Electricity Consumption and Cost by Size Consumption Cost

Total (Billion kWh)

Per Building (Thousand

kWh) Per Square Foot (kWh)

Per Thousand kWh (Dollars)

All Office Buildings 198 281 18.9 7.08Large Buildings 124 3252 22.1 6.46

1 ft^3 of Natural Gas = 1030 BTU’s

1 kWh = 3413 BTU


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The all electric building uses no direct fossil fuels due to the use of electric coil heating in the duct systems. However, fossil fuels are still needed to produce the building’s electricity at some other facility. From the information that was provided by Prof. Freihaut, the total amounts of pollutants that are produced due to the use of fossil fuels are shown in the table below.

lbm. Pollutant j/kWh Generated kWh SO2/kWh NOx/kWh CO2/kWh

1 7.54E-03 4.44E-03 1.38E+001919 M St. Jan 02-Dec 02 5197700 3.92E+04 2.31E+04 7.17E+06

See Appendix C for additional information. IV. Cost Breakdown: To distribute air throughout the building, 1919 M St. has two AHU’s on each floor enclosed by 2 mechanical rooms. These rooms along with shafts that run vertically through the building take away from the rentable space. At an average cost of $45/ft^2, this small amount of area can add up to a lot of lost money. The two mechanical rooms per floor require just over 600 ft^2 and the single shaft uses 30 ft^2. For a total of 7 floors, this unusable space totals 4465 ft^2. This relatively small number, compared to the 268,000 total ft^2, at a rate of $45/ft^2 becomes a $200,917 per month loss for the building owner. The exact mechanical first costs of the building were not available; however an estimated cost was determined. From Prof. Mumma’s AE 455 notes, the average mechanical cost for a high-rise building is 12.5% of the total construction cost. 1919 M St. had a construction cost of approximately $20,000,000, therefore making the cost of the mechanical systems nearly $2.5 million. V. Mechanical Room Serviceability: Even though the total square footage of the mechanical rooms is small, I have been assured by the building engineer that the layout is sufficient for servicing.


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VI. Conclusion: After a complete analysis of 1919 M St., it is shown that it is energy efficient and “greener” than an average building. Its superior energy efficiency has enabled 1919 to receive an Energy Star. From the building envelope analysis, 1919’s curtain wall provides sufficient protection against thermal losses. Its lighting power density is much less than the allowable Watts/ft^2 allowed by ASHRAE Standard 90.1. Another positive attribute of 1919 is that it consumes much less than the average building, nearly 12 kWh/ft^2 yr less. The total cost of the mechanical system is estimated to be around $2.5 million. The total space lost from the mechanical systems is relatively small, approximately 4500 ft^2. At $45 per square foot, the total lost profit from the mechanical space is just over $200,000 a month.


Appendix A


Appendix B

Space & Floor # Use Floor Area

(ft^2) Lighting

Watts

Copy Room Electronic 473 1270 Corner Office (SE, SW) Office 547.6 1000 Partner Offices(South) Office 1008 3280 Partner Office (West) Office 1666 2576 Partner Office (East) Office 264 368

Associate Offices(East) Office 347.2 636 Hallways 2174 7930

Phone Room Office 60 260 Phone Room Office 60

Associate Offices(West 8017) Office 155 282 Counsel (South) Office 360 564

Secretary SE (8093) Office 106.67 158 Secretary SE (8088) Office 170.5 394 Secretary SW (8012) Office 170.5 394 Secretary SW (8020) Office 170.5 394

Conf. East Conference 1456 2416 Conference SW (8005) Conference 408 1012 Conference SE (8094) Conference 408 1012 Secretary SW (8007) Office 106.67 158

Caucus Room Conference 249.33 366 Coffee Room 93.3 212

Pantry 248 478 Reception Reception 633.25 2000

Total 27160

Corner Office (NW) Office 273.778 1000 Associate Offices(West) Office 476 846

Partner Office (West) Office 1190 1840 Associate Offices(East) Office 1562.4 2862

Library Open Office 546 1728 Hallways 2138

Associate Offices(North) Office 1045 1908 Dir Office (8033) Office 110.67 282

Associate Offices(West 8036) Office 155 318 Counsel (North) Office 360 564

Conf. NE 386.67 990 Associate Offices(North 8056) Office 152 318

Paralegal N (8053) Office 180 394 Associate Offices(East 8063) Office 155 318

Secretary NW (8038) Office 177.92 394 Secretary W (8023) Office 177.92 394

Associate Offices(West 8025) Office 155 318 Case Room N (8065) Office 224 480

Computer Room Office 289 425 Secretary NW (8043) Office 106.67 158 Case Room W (8022) Office 372 800 Secretary NE (8062) Office 177.92 394 Case Room N (8052) Office 476.67 720

Paralegal (8068) Office 160 368 Secretary NE (8057) Office 106.67 158 Secretary E (8077) Office 177.92 394 Secretary W (8027) Office 177.92 394 Paralegal W (8026) Office 216 530 Offices (8032,34,37) Office 330.67 846

Associate Offices(North 8044) Office 152 318 Bill Office (8048) Office 330 396

Secretary E (8077) Office 177.92 394 Bathroom 545

Secretary N (8049) Office 180 394

Total 21643

Total Per Floor 48,803


Appendix C

1919 M Street Electric Cost History

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building energy analysis reportdarren bruce mechanical option 1919 m st, washington dc 6 of 6 vi....

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