building disaster resilient places: asset mapping and data collection before a crisis
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Building Disaster Resilient Places: Asset Mapping and Data Collection Before A Crisis. Deborah Tootle Community & Economic Development. Overview. Introduction to disasters Vulnerability and resilience Why asset mapping? Vulnerability assessment and asset identification - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Building Disaster Resilient Places: Asset
Mapping and Data Collection Before A Crisis
Deborah TootleCommunity & Economic Development
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Overview• Introduction to disasters• Vulnerability and resilience• Why asset mapping?• Vulnerability assessment and asset
identification• Pulling it all together
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Overview• Introduction to disasters• Vulnerability and resilience• Why asset mapping?• Vulnerability assessment and asset
identification• Pulling it all together
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Introduction to Disasters• What is a disaster?
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Introduction• What is a disaster?
– A disaster is generally the result of a natural catastrophic event, a technological or human caused incident that results in severe property damage, multiple injuries or death.
– A disaster also disrupts socioeconomic processes and conditions in the affected area.
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Disaster Management Cycle
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Mitigation and Prevention• Efforts to reduce loss of life and
property by reducing impacts of disasters
• Usually refers to physical or structural activities or approaches – such as developing or implementing building codes
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Mitigation and Prevention• Efforts to reduce loss of life and
property by reducing impacts of disasters
• Usually refers to physical or structural activities or approaches – such as developing or implementing building codesWhat are some
examples of mitigation?
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PreparednessWide array of protective activities at all levels:• Federal• State• Local• Organizational• Family• Individual
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Preparedness – Individual and Family Level• Examples include family plans,
emergency contacts lists, emergency kits, “bug-out kits”
• Critical component of community recovery
• Hierarchy of needs – until individuals and families are safe, community business will not be “as usual”.
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Preparedness – Organizational Continuity Plans• Planning and implementing plans are
key elements of preparedness in any level.
• All organizations should have organizational continuity plans in place.
• Critical for socioeconomic recovery of place
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Preparedness – Organizational Continuity Plans• What are organizational continuity
plans and why are they important?– Roadmap for continuing operations
under adverse conditions– Consists of analysis, identification of
recovery strategies, planning, implementation, training, testing, revising
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Response • Immediate actions to reduce
physical, psychological, social and economic impacts of an incident
• Includes rescue from dangerous conditions, providing immediate relief in terms of shelter, food, medical assistance, financial assistance.
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Recovery• Longer term process for “restoring”
social, economic, structural or financial conditions in a community
• New normal• Recovery time depends on extent of
damage and resiliency of community• Six months to ten years
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Disaster and Emergency Management• Local, state and national disaster
management organizations have different roles.
• Roles can differ by state.
First 72 on YOU!
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Overview• Introduction to disasters• Vulnerability and resilience• Why asset mapping?• Vulnerability assessment and asset
identification• Pulling it all together
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Socioeconomic and Place-Based Vulnerability• Factors affecting vulnerability
– Social– Cultural– Economic– Structural– Environmental
• Why is vulnerability a controversial topic?
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Socioeconomic and Place-Based Vulnerability• Socioeconomic and demographic
conditions can be very different in different communities, even within the same state or region.
• Impacts of disasters will vary according to how vulnerable places are.
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Socioeconomic and Community Vulnerability: Exercise• What groups of people in your
community or city are the most vulnerable? Why?
• What organizations? Why?• What locations? Why?• We can reduce vulnerability through
place-based vulnerability assessments.
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Resilience• What IS resilience?
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Resilience• What IS resilience?• The National Academies defines
resilience as:“the ability to prepare and plan for,
absorb, recover from, and more successfully adapt to adverse events.”
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Resilience
“Enhanced resilience allows better anticipation of disasters and better planning to reduce disaster losses—rather than waiting for an event to occur and paying for it afterward.”
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Resilience
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Overview• Introduction to disasters• Vulnerability and resilience• Why asset mapping?• Vulnerability assessment and asset
identification• Pulling it all together
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Asset Mapping
What is asset mapping?
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Asset Mapping• An internally focused, relationship
based community development approach.
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Asset Mapping:• Builds upon and uses local
capacities, skills and assets • Helps to identify skills and talents of
local people• Helps to locate and engage groups of
volunteers and other organizations
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Asset Mapping• Internal focus does not mean that
additional resources are not needed – rather, that outside resources will be more effective if the local community resources are fully engaged and mobilized.
Kretzman and McKnight. 1993. Building Communities From the Inside Out: A Path Toward Finding and Mobilizing a Community’s Assets. ACTA Publications. Chicago, IL.
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Asset Mapping• Internal focus critical to restoring
socioeconomic processes and conditions, especially when first 72 on you.
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Overview• Introduction to disasters• Vulnerability and resilience• Why asset mapping?• Vulnerability assessment and
asset identification• Pulling it all together
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Vulnerability Assessment: Tools
Social Vulnerability Index for United States (Susan Cutter)
http://webra.cas.sc.edu/hvri/products/sovi.aspx
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Vulnerability Assesment: Tools
The CBVA Guidebook: Is user-friendly and contains
worksheets for each step Complements FEMA guidance Is designed to engage
communities in the understanding of social, physical and economic vulnerabilities to disaster
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Vulnerability Assessment: ToolsThe CBVA Guidebook: Was developed in FEMA-funded
Emergency Preparedness Demonstration Project
Was prepared by MDC, Inc. and UNC Institute for the Environment in Chapel Hill, N.C.
http://www.mdcinc.org/resources/publications/community-based-vulnerability-assessment-guide-engaging-communities
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Community Based Vulnerability Assessment
Task 1 – Getting Started Organize a team that will conduct the assessment Start with what you have -- maps, plans, studies,
reports Identify vulnerable populations Assign responsibilities for carrying out
assessment
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Community Based Vulnerability Assessment
Task 2 – Identify and Rank Hazards List different types of hazards that have
occurred or could occur in the community Rank each hazard based on the
frequency and severity of risk
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Community Based Vulnerability Assessment
Task 3 – Map Areas of Greatest Risk– Prepare a base map of your community
– Map specific areas vulnerable to disasters:– Bridges– Hospitals– Roadways that have flooded in the past– Neighborhoods that have flooded– Other important features
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Community Based Vulnerability Assessment
Task 4 –Identify and Map Physically Vulnerable People & Property
– Inventory and map critical facilities located in hazard-prone areas
– Estimate the number and value of residential structures currently located in hazard-prone areas
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Community Based Vulnerability Assessment
Task 4 –Identify and Map Physically Vulnerable People & Property
– Estimate the number of people who live in these structures
– Estimate future numbers and values of residential structures that will be located in hazard-prone areas
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Community Based Vulnerability Assessment
Task 5 – Identify and Map Socially Vulnerable Populations
Gather information on number, location, needs, and capabilities of socially vulnerable people by contacting: Non-profits and community foundations Faith-based organizations Government agencies
Prepare maps of social vulnerability
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Community Based Vulnerability Assessment
Task 6 – Identify and Map Employment Centers Prepare list of employment centers in the
community Include current and future locations Estimate the number of employees
Map location of major employers and highlight those located in known hazard-prone areas
– Why are employers so important?
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Community Based Vulnerability Assessment
Task 7 – Inventory and Map Environmental Threats– List facilities that handle dangerous substances– Add these facilities on base map, highlighting
those in hazard-prone areas– Determine the number of persons that could be
at risk– Rank facilities in order of the severity of threat
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Community Based Vulnerability AssessmentTask 8 – Community Ground Truthing and Asset Identification -- the public forum No one knows neighborhoods like people who live
there Ask them to validate/adjust data collected Make preparations for engaging participants in
subsequent planning processes
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Community Based Vulnerability Assessment
Task 8.5* – Community Ground Truthing and Asset Identification -- the public forum Begin identification of local assets for addressing
vulnerabilities People Organizations
Begin mobilizing local people and organizations in planning and plan implementation processes
* Not part of MDCs CBVA
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Overview• Introduction to disasters• Vulnerability and resilience• Why asset mapping?• Vulnerability assessment and asset
identification• Pulling it all together
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Pulling It All TogetherTask 9 – Putting it all together• Combine all data (including asset data)• Analyze• Interpret• Discuss• Begin planning process
Step 1: Form a Collaborative Planni
ng Team
Step 2: Understand the Situation
Step 3: Determine Goals
& Actions
Step 4:
Plan Developme
nt
Step 5: Plan
Preparation,
Review, &
Approval
Step 6: Plan
Implementatio
n & Maintenance
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Quick Summary• Review current emergency
management plans• Look at SOVI for your county or
region• Conduct your own vulnerability
assessments
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Quick Summary• Ground truth vulnerability
assessments• Identify and begin mobilizing assets• Make and implement plan
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Questions?
For more information:Deborah Tootle
Community and Economic DevelopmentIowa State University Extension and Outreach
Preparatory work for this presentation was supported in part by FEMA, the Southern Rural Development Center and the
many land grant university colleagues who helped create the ReadyCommunity: Building Disaster Resilient Communities
Curriculum.