building costs – part 1: building · pdf filedeutsche norm november 2006 no part of...

November 2006DEUTSCHE NORM

English price group 12No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).

ICS 91.010.20

!,z2_"9871560

www.din.de

DDIN 276-1

Building costs –

Part 1: Building construction

Kosten im Bauwesen –Teil 1: Hochbau

©

SupersedesDIN 276:1993-06

www.beuth.de

Document comprises 26 pages

Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original should be consulted as the authoritative text.

11.07

B55EB1B3C7662F79D1B59483A53B9F2F82C98BEEB793868862C66DACD1FF05157CB37D1C97E95F9891BE74F36347E38EAE76DDAB44AB2A07FE05209C28813F816461E8E21C7E48E1572D000E05A0226BEDBB7C27B5ADB592E14F

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Contents Page

Foreword..............................................................................................................................................................3 1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................4 2 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................4 3 Principles of cost planning...................................................................................................................5 3.1 General....................................................................................................................................................5 3.2 Cost objective ........................................................................................................................................6 3.2.1 Aim and purpose....................................................................................................................................6 3.2.2 Specification of the cost objective.......................................................................................................6 3.3 Cost identification..................................................................................................................................6 3.3.1 Purpose...................................................................................................................................................6 3.3.2 Presentation and completeness...........................................................................................................6 3.3.3 Basic data and supplementary information........................................................................................6 3.3.4 Cost identification according to project phases ................................................................................6 3.3.5 Building projects relating to existing buildings .................................................................................6 3.3.6 Existing building fabric and reusable components ...........................................................................6 3.3.7 Client work input....................................................................................................................................6 3.3.8 Special costs ..........................................................................................................................................7 3.3.9 Cost risks................................................................................................................................................7 3.3.10 Base date costs and cost forecast.......................................................................................................7 3.3.11 Value added tax......................................................................................................................................7 3.4 Levels of cost identification .................................................................................................................7 3.4.1 Budget.....................................................................................................................................................7 3.4.2 Preliminary estimate..............................................................................................................................8 3.4.3 Approximate estimate ...........................................................................................................................8 3.4.4 Final estimate .........................................................................................................................................8 3.4.5 Statement of final costs ........................................................................................................................9 3.5 Cost control and cost management.....................................................................................................9 3.5.1 Purpose...................................................................................................................................................9 3.5.2 Principle..................................................................................................................................................9 3.5.3 Documentation.......................................................................................................................................9 3.5.4 Cost control regarding contract awards and execution....................................................................9 4 Cost classification .................................................................................................................................9 4.1 Structure of cost classification ............................................................................................................9 4.2 Execution-orientated cost classification...........................................................................................10 4.3 Cost classification table......................................................................................................................10 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................26


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Foreword

This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee 005-01-05 Kosten im Hochbau of the Normenausschuss Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee). Part 1 applies to the construction of buildings; parts dealing with other areas of construction are under preparation.*)

Amendments

This standard differs from DIN 276:1993-06 as follows:

a) The title and structure of the standard have been amended to facilitate the drafting of further parts to deal with other areas of construction.

b) The scope of the standard has been amended to reflect its new orientation.

c) The terms and definitions have been amended and supplemented in line with the state of the art.

d) The principles of cost identification have been extended to principles of cost planning.

e) Principles relating to the use of the term “cost objective” have been introduced.

f) The principles of cost identification have been reformulated with a view to achieving greater cost effectiveness and control.

g) The levels of cost identification have been extended and reformulated to account for continuous cost planning.

h) The principles of use regarding cost control and cost management have been formulated.

i) The structure of cost classification remains unchanged while editorial changes have been made to descriptions.

j) Cost classification according to the type of work to be executed has been kept as an alternative; table 2 has been deleted.

k) The presentation of the cost classification has been editorially revised in line with the state of the art.

l) Annex A has been deleted.

Previous editions

DIN 276:1934-08, 1943-08, 1954x-03, 1993-06 DIN 276 Part 1: 1971-09, 1981-04 DIN 276 Part 2: 1971-09, 1981-04 DIN 276 Part 3: 1971-09, 1981-04 DIN 276 Part 3 Auswahl 1: 1981-04

*) Translator’s note: This English translation incorporates the correction published in DIN 276-1 Corrigendum 1:2007-02.


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1 Scope

This part of the standard deals with cost planning in building construction, in particular with the identification and classification of costs. It covers the direct costs of work performed for the new construction, conversion and modernization of buildings as well as the indirect costs involved; see DIN 18960 for specifications relating to the running costs of buildings.

The standard defines terms to be used in cost planning; it specifies the distinctive features of costs, thus providing a basis on which comparisons of the results of such cost planning may be undertaken. Cost data identified in accordance with this standard may, when used for other purposes (e.g. payment of contractor’s work, tax relief applications), be taken as input data for the necessary calculations. However, an evaluation of costs in terms of the relevant regulations lies outside the scope of this standard.

2 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

2.1 building costs all expenditure on goods, services, taxes and statutory charges as may be required in connection with the preparation, planning and execution of building projects

NOTE Building costs are referred to in this document simply as “costs”.

2.2 cost planning the full range of activities involved in the identification, control and management of costs

2.3 cost objective specification of the costs as the upper limit or target value for planning

2.4 cost identification forecast of costs that will be incurred or determination of costs actually incurred

Depending on the level of detail of the plans to which they refer, a distinction is made between the following levels of cost identification:

2.4.1 budget identification of costs on the basis of demand planning

2.4.2 preliminary estimate identification of costs on the basis of preliminary planning

2.4.3 approximate estimate identification of costs on the basis of design planning

2.4.4 final estimate identification of costs on the basis of preparation for execution


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2.4.5 statement of final costs identification of the final costs

2.5 cost control comparison of current cost estimates with cost objectives and earlier cost estimates

2.6 cost management action to influence the planning in order to meet cost objectives

2.7 cost parameter value which represents the ratio of costs to a reference unit

2.8 cost classification scheme on which the breakdown of the overall costs of a building project into cost groups is based

2.9 cost group compilation of separate cost items which are classed together in accordance with planning criteria or with the progress of the work

2.10 overall costs costs obtained as the sum of all cost groups

2.11 costs of structure costs obtained as the sum of cost groups 300 and 400

2.12 cost forecast identification of costs anticipated at the time of completion

2.13 cost risk imponderabilities and uncertainties involved in cost identification and cost prognoses

3 Principles of cost planning

3.1 General

The aim of cost planning is to ensure a building project is realized economically and with cost transparency while keeping within target costs.

Cost planning shall be carried out continuously and systematically on the basis of planning requirements (quantities and qualities) or cost objectives over all phases of a building project.

Cost planning can be carried out in accordance with the following principles:

⎯ costs must be adhered to by means of quality and quantity adjustments;

⎯ costs must be minimized for defined qualities and quantities.


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3.2 Cost objective

3.2.1 Aim and purpose

The aim of the cost objective is to improve cost control, reduce investment risks and encourage early considerations in respect of planning alternatives.

3.2.2 Specification of the cost objective

A cost objective can be specified on the basis of a budget or by identifying costs.

Prior to specification of a cost objective it shall be checked that it can be realized in view of the other planning targets. When specifying a cost objective it shall be established whether this is the upper cost limit or the target value. This procedure shall also be used for updating the cost objective, in particular where modifications are made to the planning brief.

3.3 Cost identification

3.3.1 Purpose

The identification of costs serves as the basis for financial considerations and cost objectives, for cost control and cost management measures, for decisions relating to planning, contract awards and the execution of work, as well as being used to establish the actual costs incurred.

3.3.2 Presentation and completeness

The identification of costs shall be set out following the same scheme as the cost classification. All costs shall be set out and documented in full.

3.3.3 Basic data and supplementary information

The nature of the data on which the identification of costs is based shall be indicated. Supplementary information on the building project shall be set out following the same scheme as the cost classification.

3.3.4 Cost identification according to project phases

If a building project is divided into several phases (e.g. in terms of function, time, space or economics), then costs shall be identified separately for each phase.

3.3.5 Building projects relating to existing buildings

For building projects relating to existing buildings a distinction should be made between the costs of demolition, repair and new construction.

3.3.6 Existing building fabric and reusable components

The value of existing building fabric and reusable components shall be specified separately in the appropriate cost groups.

3.3.7 Client work input

The value of client work input shall be specified separately in the appropriate cost groups. For client work input, the cost of material and labour shall be entered in the estimate that would be incurred if the same work were carried out by a contractor.


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3.3.8 Special costs

Where costs arise as a result of exceptional site conditions (e.g. terrain, subsoil, environment), of specific building project-related contingencies, or of requirements unrelated to the designated function of the building, such costs shall be specified separately in the appropriate cost groups.

3.3.9 Cost risks

When identifying costs, predictable cost risks should be specified according to their nature, their volume and their probability of occurrence. Suitable measures should be presented in order to reduce, prevent, pass on and control cost risks.

3.3.10 Base date costs and cost forecast

Costs shall be identified based on the base date costs valid at that moment in time, and this moment in time shall be stated when these base date costs are documented.

If the time of completion serves as the basis for the forecast of costs, these costs shall be shown separately.

3.3.11 Value added tax

Value added tax may be taken into account in one of the following ways, depending on the situation:

⎯ it is included in the costs given (“gross costing”);

⎯ it is not included in the costs given (“net costing”);

⎯ it is only included for certain cost items (e.g. for first level cost groups).

In each cost identification and when stating cost parameters, it shall always be specified in what manner allowance has been made for value added tax.

3.4 Levels of cost identification

In subclauses 3.4.1 to 3.4.5, the levels of cost identification are defined in terms of their purpose, the required basic data and the degree of detail.

3.4.1 Budget

The budget serves as the basis for the decision on the demand planning as well as for general economic and financial considerations, and for the specification of the cost objective.

The budget is particularly based on the following information:

⎯ information concerning the quantitative demand (e.g. space allocation plan with units, functional components and their areas);

⎯ information concerning the qualitative demand (e.g. constructional requirements, functional requirements, quality of standard items);

⎯ if appropriate, site information.

In the budget, at least the building construction costs shall be specified separately within the overall costs.


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3.4.2 Preliminary estimate

Preliminary estimates serve as a basis for the decisions to be taken at the preliminary design stage.

Preliminary estimates are particularly based on the following information:

⎯ the results of preliminary planning, in particular design documentation, drawings;

⎯ calculated quantities of reference units of the cost groups, according to DIN 277;

⎯ supplementary information on design-related parameters, procedures and conditions;

⎯ information on the site and its development.

In preliminary estimates, the overall costs shall be determined by cost groups at least to the first level of the cost classification.

3.4.3 Approximate estimate

Approximate estimates serve as a basis for the decisions to be taken at the design development stage.

Approximate estimates are particularly based on the following information:

⎯ design documentation (e.g. finished design drawings (scaled according to type and size of building project)), and also, where appropriate, detailed plans of repetitive elements;

⎯ calculated quantities of the reference units for the cost groups;

⎯ supplementary information (e.g. description of individual items in the cost group scheme which are not evident from the drawings and analyses, but which are significant for the calculation and assessment of costs).

In approximate estimates, the overall costs shall be determined by cost groups at least to the second level of the cost classification.

3.4.4 Final estimate

The final estimate serves as a basis for the decisions to be taken at the execution planning stage and for the preparation of contract awards.

Final estimates are particularly based on the following information:

⎯ design documentation (e.g. final, complete working drawings (design, details and construction));

⎯ calculation (e.g. relating to structural stability, thermal insulation, services);

⎯ calculated quantities of the reference units for the cost groups;

⎯ supplementary information on the execution of the work (e.g. specifications of works);

⎯ documentation of tenders, commissions and costs already incurred (e.g. for the site, incidental building costs etc.).

In final estimates, the overall costs shall be determined by cost groups at least to the third level of the cost classification and be classified according to the respective award categories. In accordance with the project schedule the final estimate can be made in one or more steps.


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3.4.5 Statement of final costs

The statement of final costs serves to establish the actual costs incurred which, where relevant, can be used for purposes of comparison and documentation.

Final costs are particularly established on the basis of the following information:

⎯ audited account records (e.g. final accounts, proof of client work input);

⎯ design documentation (e.g. measurement drawings);

⎯ supplementary information.

The overall costs shall be determined to at least the third level of the cost classification.

3.5 Cost control and cost management

3.5.1 Purpose

The purpose of cost control and cost management is to monitor cost development and to meet the cost objectives.

3.5.2 Principle

For cost control and cost management, the measures involved in the planning and execution of a building project shall be assessed continuously in view of their resulting costs. If discrepancies are detected during cost control, in particular if cost risks occur, these shall be stated. It shall then be decided whether the planning is to be continued unchanged or if specific measures in respect of cost management are to be taken.

3.5.3 Documentation

The results of cost control and the recommended and effected measures of cost control shall be documented.

3.5.4 Cost control regarding contract awards and execution

Updated tenders, commissions and invoices (including supplements) in respect of contract awards and execution shall be compiled according to the breakdown specified for the building project and shall be checked by comparing with previous results.

4 Cost classification

4.1 Structure of cost classification

The breakdown of costs as set out in subclause 4.3 provides for three levels of classification; these are identified by three digit-numbers.

In the first level of the cost classification, the overall costs are divided into the following seven cost groups:

100 Site

200 Clearance and development

300 Structure – construction works

400 Structure – services


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500 External works

600 Furnishings, furniture and artistic appointments

700 Incidental buildings costs

Cost groups 300 and 400 can be combined into a single group “costs of structure”.

Where required, these cost groups can be further differentiated into the cost groups of the second and third levels of the cost classification.

The breakdown of costs specified in this standard may be extended by introducing further cost subgroups on the basis of their technical characteristics (e.g. for differentiated cost planning), construction-related considerations (e.g. in view of contract awarding) or the location in the building or on site (e.g. for time scheduling or financial budgeting).

From the final estimate onwards, cost groups should also be systematically arranged in award categories so as to permit tenders, commissions and invoices (including supplements) pertaining to a given project to be compiled and checked against each other whenever required.

4.2 Execution-orientated cost classification

Where the individual case permits (e.g. in housing projects) or requires (e.g. in modernization work), a break-down of the costs that is primarily based on the type of work to be executed may be employed, with the cost groups of the first level of the cost classification already being subdivided on the basis of the work or trades involved. This corresponds to the second level of cost classification. For this purpose, a classification into work categories as set out in the Standardleistungsbuch für das Bauwesen (StLB) (Standard Building Performance Book – available at www.gaeb.de) may be used.

Where costs are broken down according to work categories, further subdivision (e.g. into part works), is necessary so as to enable the work to be described and recorded in terms of scope, characteristics and quan-tity. This corresponds to the third level of cost classification.

A systematic arrangement of the costs in award categories should also be undertaken when they are classified on an execution-orientated basis.

4.3 Cost classification table

The goods, services or statutory charges listed in the “Notes” column are given as examples of the respective cost group; the list is not intended to be exhaustive.

The costs shall be classified separately and clearly in the separate cost groups, wherever possible. If the same costs could be allocated to more than one cost group and a breakdown is not possible, the costs shall be broken down according the main determining factor (e.g. CG 390, CG 490, CG 590).


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Table 1

Cost group Notes

100 Site

110 Site value

120 Incidental site costs Costs connected with the purchase of a site

121 Surveying charges

122 Court fees

123 Notary fees

124 Estate agent commissions

125 Property transfer tax

126 Valuations and site inspections

Valuations, investigations with respect to potentially contaminated soil and to its removal, soil analysis and investigations of site for its suitability for building purposes, in so far as such activities assist in assessing the value of the site

127 Licence fees

128 Soil regulation and boundary settlement

129 Incidental site costs, other items

130 Disencumbrance Payments which are to be made to discharge a site of any encumbrances

131 Compensation Compensation and indemnification for existing usufruct (e.g. leases and tenancies)

132 Redemption for real rights Redemption for easements and restrictions (e.g. rights of way)

139 Disencumbrance, other items

200 Clearance and development Cost of all preparatory measures required to enable construction work on the site

210 Clearance Cost of preparatory measures, unless included in other cost groups

211 Protective measures Safeguarding of existing structures, building elements, supply lines, and conservation of vegetation and vegetable soil

212 Demolition work Demolition and removal of existing structures, supply and disposal systems, and traffic installations

213 Clearing of contamination Removal of warfare agents and other hazardous substances; remediation of polluted and contaminated soil

214 Site surface clearance Clearing site vegetation, levelling and grading, including topsoil protection, unless included in CG 500

219 Clearance, other items


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Table 1 (continued)

Cost group Notes

220 Public development Pro rata costs pursuant to legal provisions (improvement fees/ frontager’s rates) and costs arising from public works contracts for

⎯ the procurement or purchase of development areas against payment by the body responsible for the public development;

⎯ the installation or alteration of shared services (e.g. for sew-age disposal and for the supply of water, heat, gas, electricity and telecommunications);

⎯ the initial construction or subsequent extension of public traffic areas, of green areas and other open spaces for public use.

Charges for laying supply lines and connection costs shall be given separately.

221 Drainage and sewerage systems

Charge for laying supply line, connection fees

222 Water supply Charge for laying supply line, connection fees

223 Gas supply Charge for laying supply line, connection fees

224 District heating supply Charge for laying supply line, connection fees

225 Electricity supply Charge for laying supply line, connection fees

226 Telecommunications Single payments for the provision and modification of network connections

227 Traffic installations Improvement fees for traffic installations and outdoor facilities, including their drainage and lighting

228 Waste disposal Charge for laying supply line, connection fees (e.g. for waste disposal with direct discharge connection)

229 Public development, other items

230 Private development Costs for traffic areas and services that are constructed and supplemented without the developer being obliged under public law or commissioned to do so, the aim of such a development being its subsequent transfer to public use. Costs for installations on private sites fall under cost group 500.

Where necessary, cost group 230 can be subdivided by analogy with cost group 220.

240 Compensations Non-recurring costs, supplementary to the improvement fees, to be paid with respect to the planned building project in accordance with legal provisions. This group includes in particular lump-sum payments to discharge liabilities arising from public law provisions (e.g. for parking spaces to be provided, or trees to be planted).


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Table 1 (continued)

Cost group Notes

250 Temporary measures

251 Provisional arrangements Costs of building, modification or transfer of structures and external works as temporary measures of the completed buildings and external works, including the removal of the provisional arrangements, unless included in cost groups 398, 498 and 598

252 Relocations Costs for the relocation of occupancy during construction work

300 Structure – construction works

Costs of works and supplies relating to the construction of the building but not including services (cf. cost group 400). This group comprises fitments permanently fixed to the building fabric and designed for its particular function, as well as other general measures undertaken in connection with the construction works.

In the case of conversion and modernization work, the costs of partial demolition, repair, safeguarding and dismantling work are also classified in this group. Such costs shall be specified in the appropriate cost groups.

310 Excavation

311 Excavation work Soil removal (primary excavation), excavation including working space excavation and slope cutting, storage, backfilling, transport to and from site

312 Support work Support work (e.g. diaphragm walling, pile walling, sheet piling, cast-in-place concrete piling, including fixing and shoring)

313 Dewatering Drainage of groundwater and perched water during the course of the construction work

319 Excavation, other items

320 Foundations The following cost groups comprise the associated earthworks and blindings

321 Soil improvement Soil replacement, compaction and grouting

322 Shallow foundations Single foundations, strip foundations and basement slabs

323 Deep foundations Pile foundations, including pile grating, cylinder foundations; anchoring

324 Subsoil and base slabs Subsoils and base slabs not part of the foundation work

325 Floorings Floorings on base slabs and basement slabs (e.g. screed, damp-proof courses, insulating and protective layers, wearing surfaces)

326 Waterproofing of structure Protection of structure against ingress of moisture, including provi-sion of filter layers, separating layers and protective layers

327 Drainage Pipework, shafts, packing

329 Foundations, other items

330 External walls Walls and columns that are exposed to external atmosphere or adjoin the soil or other structures

331 Loadbearing external walls Loadbearing external walls, including horizontal damp-proofing

332 Non-loadbearing external walls

External walls, parapets, infillings, but not including claddings


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Table 1 (continued)

Cost group Notes

333 External columns Columns and piers with a slenderness ratio of 1:5 or less

334 External doors and windows Windows and display windows, doors and gates, including sills, frames, fittings, actuating systems, ventilation components and other built-in elements

335 Cladding units External claddings of external walls and columns, including plaster coats, damp-proofing, insulating and protective layers

336 Internal linings (of external walls)

Internal linings of external walls and columns, including plaster coats, damp-proofing, insulating and protective layers

337 Prefabricated façade units Prefabricated façade units, consisting of external walls, windows, doors, claddings

338 Solar protection Roller shutters, awnings, blinds, including actuating systems

339 External walls, other items Gratings, railings, buffers, and handrails

340 Internal walls Internal walls and columns

341 Loadbearing internal walls Loadbearing internal walls, including horizontal damp-proofing

342 Non-loadbearing internal walls Internal walls and infillings, but not including lining

343 Internal columns Internal columns and piers with a slenderness ratio of less than 1:5

344 Internal doors and windows Doors and gates, windows and shop windows, including frames, fittings, actuating systems and other fitments

345 Internal linings (of internal walls)

Internal linings of internal walls and columns, including plaster coats, damp-proofing, insulating and protective layers

346 Prefabricated wall units Prefabricated wall units, consisting of internal walls, doors, windows, linings (e.g. folding and sliding wall units, sanitary parti-tions, rough partitioning)

349 Internal walls, other items Gratings, railings, buffers, handrails, roller shutters and their actuating systems

350 Floors and ceilings Floors and ceilings, stairs and ramps above the foundations and beneath the roof area

351 Floor structures Floors, stairs, ramps, balconies, loggias, including suspender beams and joists, and infill elements such as hollow blocks, false floors, fills, but not including coverings and linings

352 Floorings Coverings on floors, including screeds, damp-proof courses, insu-lating and protective layers, wearing surfaces; false floors for services and floating floors

353 Ceiling linings Linings of ceilings, including plastering, damp-proof courses, insulating and protective layers; false ceilings for lighting and other services

359 Floors and ceilings, other items

Covers, manhole tops, gratings, railings, buffers, handrails, fixed ladders, foldaway ladders


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Table 1 (continued)

Cost group Notes

360 Roofs Flat or sloping roofs

361 Roof structures Roof trusses, timberwork, roof void frames and dome roofs, including suspender beams and joists, and infill elements such as hollow blocks, false floors, fills, but not including coverings and linings

362 Roof lights, roof openings Lights, roof exits, including frames, fittings, actuating systems, ventilation components and other fitments

363 Roof coverings Coverings on roof decks, including formwork, lathing, sloping layers, damp-proof membranes, insulating and protective layers, wearing surfaces; drainage of roof area up to connection to drain-age system

364 Roof linings Roof linings beneath roof decks, including plastering, damp-proof membranes, insulating and protective layers; false ceilings for lighting and other services beneath roofs

369 Roofs, other items Railings, walkways, protective grilles, snow guards, roof ladders, solar protection

370 Structural fitments Costs of fitments permanently fixed to the building fabric, but exclusive of fitments designed for its particular function (cf. cost group 470). The principal criterion for distinguishing this cost group from cost group 610 is that the nature of the fitments and the method by which they are fixed require technical and planning measures (e.g. preparation of plant layout plans, structural analyses and other calculations, connection to services)

371 General purpose fitments General purpose fitments (e.g. fitted furniture, such as chairs and beds, rows of seats, platforms, tables, counters, cupboards, wardrobes, shelving, fitted kitchens)

372 Special-purpose fitments Fitments which serve a special purpose (e.g. work benches in factory workshops, laboratory benches, theatre curtains, church altars, fixed sports equipment in gymnasiums, operating tables in hospitals)

379 Structural fitments, other items E.g. smoke curtains

390 Other construction-related activities

Construction work and general types of construction work that cannot be assigned to individual cost groups relating to the building structure nor included in CG 490 or CG 590

391 Site equipment Provision, setting up, operation and removal of general-purpose site equipment (e.g. material and equipment sheds, storerooms, washrooms, toilets, operatives’ mess-rooms, site trailers, mixing and conveying plants, connections for site power and water supply, site access roads, storage and working areas, traffic safety facilities, covers, signs, hoarding and safety fencing, site illumination, removal of rubble)

392 Scaffolding Provision, erection, disassembly and reassembly of scaffolding

393 Safety measures Safeguarding of existing structures (e.g. underpinning and shoring)

394 Demolition work Demolition and dismantlement work, including interim storage of reusable parts, disposal of demolition spoil, unless included in other cost groups


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Table 1 (continued)

Cost group Notes

395 Repair work Work aimed at restoring equipment to working order, unless includable in other cost groups

396 Final disposal of materials Final disposal of materials and substances deriving from the demolition, dismantlement and disassembly of building elements or from the performance of a construction work, for recycling or disposal purposes

397 Additional work Additional work during the performance of construction work (e.g. protection of persons, objects; cleaning prior to commissioning; measures required by water, landscape conservancy, noise and vibration control regulations during construction work; inclement weather and protective measures for winter construction work, heating the structure, snow clearance)

398 Temporary construction works Costs for the building and removal of temporary construction works, modification of the structure up to the commissioning of the completed structure

399 Other construction-related activities, other items

Construction works that concern several cost groups (e.g. suites of locks, shafts, chimneys), unless included in other cost groups

400 Structure – services Cost of all services or parts thereof installed in, connected or permanently fixed to the building fabric

410 Sewerage, water and gas systems

The individual services comprise the associated supports, fixings, valves, thermal insulation, provisions for noise control and fire protection, covers, cladding, paintwork, marking, and measure-ment and control systems

The costs for the provision and closure of chases and penetrations are usually included in CG 300

411 Sewerage systems Gullies, drains, sewers, sewage treatment systems, sewage lifting plant

412 Water supply systems Water extraction and conditioning plants, pressure boosters, pipework, water heaters, sanitary appliances

413 Gas supply systems Gas installations for industrial heating: gas storage and generation plant, supply meter point, pressure control equipment and gas pipes, unless included in cost groups 420 or 470

419 Sewerage, water, and gas system, other items

Plumbing units, sanitary blocks

420 Heat supply systems

421 Heat generators Fuel supply, heat supply meter point, heat generation based on fuel or on renewable energy sources, including chimney connections, central water heaters

422 Heat distribution networks Pumps, distributors; pipework for space heating, HVAC systems and other heat consumers

423 Space heating Radiators, panel heating systems

429 Heat supply systems, other items

Chimneys, unless included in other cost groups


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Table 1 (continued)

Cost group Notes

430 Air treatment systems Systems with and without ventilation functions

431 Ventilation systems Exhaust air systems, supply air systems, exhaust/supply air systems with or without a thermodynamic air treatment function, mechanical smoke extraction systems

432 Partial air conditioning systems

Systems with two or three thermodynamic air treatment functions

433 Air conditioning systems Systems with four thermodynamic air treatment functions

434 Refrigerating plant Refrigerating plant for air treatment systems; chilling and recooling plant, including pumps, distributors and pipework

439 Air treatment systems, other items

Ventilated ceilings, cooled ceilings, exhaust air windows; false floors for services, unless included in other cost groups

440 Power installations Including penetrations for fire protection purposes, unless included in other cost groups

441 High and medium voltage plant

Switchboards, transformers

442 Independent power supply installations

Power generating units, including cooling, exhaust systems and fuel supply, central storage batteries and uninterruptible power supply systems, photo-voltaic systems

443 Low voltage switch-gear Low voltage main distributors, reactive power compensators, peak reading indicators

444 Low voltage installation equipment

Cables, conduits, subdistributors, installation systems and appli-ances

445 Lighting systems Fixed luminaires, safety lighting

446 Lightning protection and earthing systems

Lightning rods, lightning conductors, connections to earth, equi-potential bonding

449 Power installations, other items

Frequency converters

450 Telecommunications and other communications systems

The individual systems comprise the associated distributors, cables, and wiring.

451 Telecommunications systems

452 Search and signalling equipment

Paging systems, light and bell call systems, door intercom and opening systems

453 Time metering systems Clock installations, time recording equipment

454 Electroacoustic equipment Public address systems, conference and interpreter equipment, two-way and press-to-talk intercom systems

455 Television and aerial systems Televisions, unless included with the search, answer, signalling and alarm systems, including transmitting and receiving aerials, transposers

456 Security systems Fire, burglary/robbery, intruder alarm systems, watchmen’s monitoring systems, controlled access and room observation systems


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Table 1 (continued)

Cost group Notes

457 Transmission networks Cable networks for transmission of data, speech, text and images, unless included in other cost groups, installation systems, unless included in CG 444

459 Telecommunications and other communications system, other items

Remote control systems, parking control systems

460 Transport systems

461 Lifts Passenger lifts, goods lifts

462 Escalators, moving pavements

463 Inspection and maintenance conveyors

Window-cleaning cradles and other inspection and maintenance conveyors

464 Conveying plant Automatic goods transport systems, office dumbwaiters, pneu-matic tube conveyors

465 Cranes Including lifting appliances

469 Transport systems, other items

Lifting platforms

470 Function-related equipment and fitments

Costs of equipment and fitments permanently fixed to the building fabric and designed for its particular function, but not including structural fitments (CG 370)

The principal criterion for distinguishing this cost group from cost group 610 is that the nature of the fitments and the method by which they are fixed require technical and planning measures (e.g. preparation of plant layout plans, calculations, connections to services).

471 Kitchen fitments Facilities for the preparation, distribution and storage of food and drink, including associated refrigeration plant

472 Laundry and dry cleaning equipment

Including water treatment, disinfection and sterilization equipment

473 Media supply systems Medical and technical gases, pressurized air, vacuum, liquid chemicals, solvents, demineralized water, including storage, production plant, transfer stations, pressure control equipment, pipework and draw-off valves

474 Medical and laboratory equipment

Stationary medical and laboratory equipment

475 Fire-fighting installations Sprinklers, gas extinguishing systems, fire-fighting water pipes, wall hydrants, handheld fire extinguishers

476 Swimming baths equipment Treatment plants for swimming pool water, unless included in cost group 410

477 Process heat plants, refrigeration plants, process air plants

Heat supply plants, refrigeration supply plants, cooling water sup-ply systems for industrial plant, businesses and sports facilities, unless included in other cost groups; paint mist separation systems, process exhaust air systems, suction plants


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Table 1 (continued)

Cost group Notes

478 Disposal facilities Facilities for the disposal of waste and media, dust extraction plant

479 Function-related equipment and fitments, other items

Stage equipment, filling station and car washing equipment

480 Building automation Costs of automation not related to a specific plant

481 Automated systems Controllers with operating and monitoring facilities, BACS functions, user software, concessions, sensors and actuators, interfaces to field devices and other automated facilities

482 Control cabinets Control cabinets for incorporation of automated systems (CG 481) with power, control and cut-out components, including associated cables, conduits, installation systems, unless included in other cost groups

483 Management and operator facilities

General-purpose facilities for building automation and building management with operator stations, programming facilities, user software, concessions, servers, interfaces to automated facilities and external facilities

484 Room control systems Room control stations with operating and indicating facilities, interfaces to field devices and other automated facilities

485 Transmission networks Networks for data transmission, unless included in other cost groups

489 Building automation, other items

490 Other services-related work Services and general measures in connection with services that cannot be assigned to separate cost groups for services

491 Site equipment Provision, setting up, operation and removal of general-purpose site equipment (e.g. material and equipment sheds, storerooms, washrooms, toilets, operatives’ mess-rooms, site trailers, mixing and conveying plants, connections for site power and water, site access roads, storage and working areas, traffic safety facilities, covers, signs, hoarding safety fences, site illumination), removal of rubble

492 Scaffolding Provision, erection, disassembly and reassembly on site, of scaffolding

493 Safety measures Safeguarding of existing structures (e.g. underpinning, shoring)


495 Repair work Work aimed at restoring equipment to enable it to fulfil its intended purpose, unless included in other cost groups

496 Final disposal of materials Final disposal of materials and substances, deriving from the demolition, dismantlement and disassembly of building elements or from the performance of construction work, for recycling or disposal purposes


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Table 1 (continued)

Cost group Notes

497 Additional work Additional work during installation of services (e.g. protection of persons, objects; cleaning prior to commissioning; measures required by water and landscape conservancy and noise and vibration control regulations during construction work; inclement weather und protective measures for winter construction work, heating of services, snow clearance)

498 Temporary services Costs of installation and removal of temporary services, modi-fication of services up to the commissioning of the completed services

499 Other services-related work, other items

500 External works

510 Ground surfaces

511 Top soil work Top soil excavation and stabilization

512 Soil work Soil excavation and filling

519 Ground surfaces, other items

520 Hard surfaces

521 Paths Hard surfaces for pedestrian and bicycle traffic

522 Roads Surfaces for light and heavy traffic; pedestrian precincts with delivery traffic

523 Squares, courtyards Aesthetically designed squares, inner courts

524 Parking spaces Areas intended for stationary traffic

525 Sports grounds Sports turf, synthetic surfaces

526 Playgrounds

527 Track systems

529 Hard surfaces, other items

530 External construction works

531 Enclosures Fences, walls, doors, gates, mechanical barriers

532 Protective structures Noise barriers, sight barriers, protective grilles

533 Walling Retaining walls, mass retaining walls

534 Ramps, stairs, stands Ramps for prams and wheelchairs, square steps and frame steps, spectator stands at sports grounds

535 Roof coverings Canopies, shelters; pergolas

536 Bridges, footbridges Wood and steel structures

537 Conduit and shaft systems Installations for media-related or traffic-related site development

538 Hydraulic installations Wells, water basins

539 External construction works, other items


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Table 1 (continued)

Cost group Notes

540 External services Cost of installations of services on the site, including supply and disposal systems serving the structure

541 Sewerage system Sewage treatment plant, installations for draining surface water and structure, cesspools, interceptors, sewage lifting plant

542 Water supply system Water extraction plant, water mains, hydrant installations, pressure boosters and sprinkler systems

543 Gas supply systems Gas mains, LPG systems

544 Heat supply systems Heat generators, heating supply networks, heating of open spaces and ramps

545 Air treatment systems Components of air treatment systems (e.g. outdoor air intakes, extract air dischargers, geothermal heat exchangers, provision of refrigeration)

546 Power installations Power mains, outdoor substations, independent power generators, outdoor lighting and floodlighting plant, including masts and fixings

547 Telecommunications and other communications systems

Networks, public address systems, time metering equipment, traf-fic signals, electronic display panels, security systems, parking control systems

548 Function-related equipment and fitments

Media supply systems, equipment for filling stations, swimming baths and waste disposal with direct discharge connection

549 External services, other items

550 External fitments

551 General-purpose fitments Street fitments (e.g. street furniture, cycle stands, signs, plant containers, litter bins, flagstaffs)

552 Special-purpose fitments Fitments for sports grounds and playgrounds, animal enclosures

559 External fitments, other items

560 Water areas Near-natural water areas

561 Sealing Including protective layers, soil substrate and bank formation

562 Plantings

569 Water areas, other items

570 Planting and sowing areas

571 Top soil work Top soil filling, top soil loosening

572 Soil cultivation for planting purposes

Soil improvement (e.g. fertilization, soil conditioners)

573 Soil stabilization Sections of vegetation, geotextiles, wattle

574 Plants Including initial maintenance work

575 Turf and sowings Including initial maintenance work, excluding sports turf areas (cf. CG 525)

576 Greening of substructures On top of underground garages, including root protection and initial maintenance work

579 Planting and sowing areas, other items


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Table 1 (continued)

Cost group Notes

590 Other external works External works and general measures in connection with the external works, which cannot be classified in separate cost groups for external works

591 Site equipment Setting up, maintenance, operation and removal of general-pur-pose site equipment for external works (e.g. material and equip-ment sheds, storerooms, washrooms, toilets, operatives’ mess-rooms, site trailers, mixing and conveying plant, connections for site power and water, site access roads, storage and working areas, traffic safety facilities, covers, signs, hoarding and safety fences, site illumination), removal of rubble

592 Scaffolding Provision, erection, disassembly and reassembly of scaffolding

593 Safety measures Safeguarding of existing structures (e.g. underpinning and shoring)


595 Repair work Work aimed at restoring equipment to enable it to satisfy its intended purpose, unless included in other cost groups

596 Final disposal of materials Final disposal of materials and substances, deriving from the demolition, dismantlement and disassembly of building elements or from the performance of a construction work, for recycling or disposal purposes

597 Additional work Additional work during the provision of external works (e.g. protection of persons, objects; cleaning prior to commissioning; measures required by water and landscape conservancy and noise and vibration control regulations during construction work; inclement weather and protective measures for winter construction work, heating the structure, snow clearance)

598 Temporary external works Costs of provision and removal of temporary external works, modification of the external works up to the commissioning of the finished external works

599 Other external works, other items

600 Furnishings, furniture and artistic appointments

Costs of all movable or easily fixed furnishings and appointments required for the commissioning of the structure, for general use, or for the decoration of the structure and the outdoor areas (cf. notes on cost groups 370 and 470)

610 Furnishings and furniture

611 General furnishings and furniture

Furniture and appliances (e.g. chairs and beds, cupboards, shelving, tables); textiles (e.g. curtains, wall hangings, loose carpets, laundry); domestic, garden and cleaning equipment

612 Special furnishings and furniture

Furnishings designed for an objects’ special purpose (e.g. scien-tific, medical and technical equipment)

619 Furnishings and furniture, other items

Signs, direction signs, signposts, advertising panels


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Table 1 (continued)

Cost group Notes

620 Artistic appointments

621 Works of art Works of art for the artistic appointment of the structure and outdoor areas, including their supports (e.g. sculptures, objets d’art, paintings, furniture, antiques, altars, baptismal fonts)

622 Ornamental features Costs of ornamental features (e.g. paintings, reliefs, mosaics, work in glass, cast iron, stonemasonry)

623 External ornamental features Costs of ornamental features (e.g. paintings, reliefs, mosaics, work in glass, cast iron, stonemasonry)

629 Artistic appointments, other items

700 Incidental building costs

710 Client’s responsibilities

711 Project administration Costs to reach objectives, for monitoring and representation of the client’s interests

712 Demand planning Cost for demand planning, scheduling and run cutting, and organizational planning (e.g. for internal organization, workplace design, development of room and functional programs, internal operations planning and for commissioning)

713 Project management Costs for project management services and for other services that deal with the higher level control and inspection of project organization, deadlines, costs, qualities and quantities

719 Client’s responsibilities, other items

Building support, legal advice, tax advice

720 Preliminary project planning

721 Investigations Location analyses, site assessments, assessments of accessibility to traffic, status analyses (e.g. investigation of existing buildings in the case of conversion and modernization work); check of environmental impact

722 Valuations Expertises to determine the value of buildings, unless included in cost group 126

723 Urban development services Preparatory development studies

724 Landscape planning Preparatory green area studies

725 Competitions Costs of competitions relating to design and project realization

729 Preliminary project planning, other items

730 Services of architects and engineers

Costs for planning and monitoring the execution

731 Building design

732 Open area planning

733 Planning of configuration of interiors

734 Planning of civil engineering works and traffic systems


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Table 1 (continued)

Cost group Notes

735 Structural design

736 Planning of technical equipment**)

739 Services of architects and engineers, other items

740 Expertises and consultations

741 Thermal physics of structures

742 Noise control and acoustics

743 Soil mechanics, ground and foundation engineering

744 Surveying Surveying services, with the exception of services performed pursuant to municipal regulations for land survey purposes and the official registration of property (cf. cost group 771)

745 Lighting and daylight engineering

746 Fire protection

747 Health and safety

748 Environmental protection, dangerous waste, polluted soil

749 Expertises and consultations, other items

750 Artists’ services

751 Art competitions Costs of staging competitions for the conceptual design of works of art or ornamental features

752 Fees Costs of intellectual and creative work relating to works of art or ornamental features, unless included in cost group 620

759 Artists’ services, other items

760 Financing costs All costs arising in connection with the financing of the project up to the time of completion and handover for use

761 Securing of financing

762 Interest on loans

763 Interest on equity

769 Financing costs, other items

770 General incidental building costs

771 Tests, permissions, acceptance inspections

Costs in connection with tests, permissions, and acceptance inspections (e.g. structural reanalysis, survey fees for the land registry office)

**) Translator’s note: Correction from DIN 276-1 Corrigendum 1:2007-02.


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Table 1 (conclued)

Cost group Notes

772 Site management costs Guarding of site, impairment of utilization during construction period, provision, heating, lighting and cleaning of site manage-ment office

773 Sample costs Model tests, samples, suitability tests and measurements

774 Running costs during construction period

Costs of temporary operation, in particular of services until the commissioning of the structure

775 Insurances Liability insurance and builder’s risk

779 General incidental building costs, other items

Costs of documentation and reproduction, postage and telephone charges, costs for festive events during building (e.g. laying of foundation stone, topping-out ceremony)

790 Other incidental building costs


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Bibliography

DIN 277-1, Areas and volumes of buildings — Part 1: Terminology, bases of calculation

DIN 277-2, Areas and volumes of buildings — Part 2: Classification of net ground areas (utilization areas, technical operating areas and circulating areas

DIN 277-3, Areas and volumes of buildings — Part 3: Quantities and reference units

DIN 18205, Brief for building design

DIN 18960, Running costs of buildings

Standardleistungsbuch für das Bauwesen (StLB — Standard Building Performance Book), obtainable from Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafenstraße 6, 10787 Berlin; via internet at www.gaeb.de

Vergabe- und Vertragsordnung für Bauleistungen (VOB Teil C) (German construction contract procedures (VOB Part C)); obtainable from Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafenstraße 6, 10787 Berlin

HOAI Verordnung über die Honorare für Leistungen der Architekten und der Ingenieure (Honorarordnung für Architekten und Ingenieure (German regulation on fees for the services of architects and engineers); obtainable from Bundesanzeiger-Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Postfach 10 05 34, 50445 Köln


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building costs – part 1: building · pdf filedeutsche norm november 2006 no part of...

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