building climate resilient communities through community...
TRANSCRIPT
Building climate resilient communities through community based adaptation planning and action: some
empirical evidences from Nepal
Dharam Raj UPRETY, Ph.D. Forestry and Climate change managerMulti Stakeholder Forestry Programme (MSFP), NepalE-mail:[email protected], [email protected]
Paper presented in the international conference on Climate change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security, 21-22 November, 2012, Manila
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pacts and Adaptation for Food and Environm
ental Security 2012
Key contents
• Introduction• Key impacts of climate change in Nepal• Policy pathways which provide enabling
environment in making community resilient in the context of climate change
• Process/ international and national dialogue/ initiatives
• Actions/interventions which promote skills, knowledge, networking, adaptive capacity and generate livelihood assets
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APPROACHES/PROCESS Applied for this study
adaptation practices
NAPA-LAPA
District stakeho
lder consultation
Community consultation/
Action and learning
Review of Community Adaptation
Plans
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pacts and Adaptation for Food and Environm
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Climate resilient communities
• The adaptive capacity of the communities that emerge due the impact of climate change and which also mean to minimize the risk embedded with daily needs, live and livelihoods ( LAPA, 2011)
• Working definition: Making rural communities competent ( skills, knowledge, networking) in generating the livelihoods assets, and secure livelihoods by reducing adversities of climate change ( risk and vulnerability)
• Community based adaptation planning: Plans prepared by local communities to minimize the risk and vulnerability resulted from climate change.
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The average annual temperature rise in Nepal is 0.06 degree C.
Significant warming, particularly at higher elevations, leading to reductions in snow and ice coverage which also lead to result into GLOF
Climate change impacts are increasingly evident in agriculture, forests, wetlands, biodiversity, infrastructure and human health.
Increased climatic variability and frequency of extreme events like erratic rain fall, increased frequency of forest fire, floods and droughts;
Key impacts of Climate Change in NepalInternational Conference on Clim
ate Change Impacts and A
daptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
CC Impact in Nepal……………….
Grow and spreads of invasive species (e.g. Mikania Micrantha, Chromolaena Odorata)Decrease of agriculture productivity in Mountain regionDrying up the water sourcesUnknown diseases are seen in plants, trees, livestock and human beings
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19902009
PES piloting as an adaptation measure at Far-west NepalInternational Conference on Clim
ate Change Impacts and A
daptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
Policy landscape for climate resilient communities in Nepal
Community Adaptation Plan of
Action (CAPA)
National Framework on Local Adaptation Plans for Action
(LAPA)-2011
National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA)-2010 and National Climate change
Policy 2010
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pacts and Adaptation for Food and Environm
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International Conference on Climate Change Im
pacts and Adaptation for Food and Environm
ental Security 2012
Institutional Landscape and Policy progress of Climate Change in Nepal
Climate change council 2009
Multi stakeholder CC initiative coordination committee
2010
Climate change
management division
(MoE) 2010
REDD and Climate
change unit (MoFSC)
2010
Climate change
adaptation unit
(MoFSC) 2011
NAPA 2010Climate change
policy 2010
Second national
communication 2011
LAPA 2011
R-PP+ REDD+
strategy under
preparition
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pacts and Adaptation for Food and Environm
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Glimpse of Climate Change effect at higher elevation: Policy level interaction with local communities
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Local communities and community based adaptation
• 17685 Community forest users Group (CFUGs)- 1,652,654 ha of forest land
• 195 Collaborative forest management groups- 45678.44 ha forest land
• 6712 Leasehold Forest management groups-38917.58 ha forest land
• 973 Public land/ wasteland management group- 7697 ha of non-forest land
• Buffer zone user groups are 4,088 and managing 5076 sq km of forests land involving 700,000 population
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Community adaptation plans prepared
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Baglung Myagdi Parbat Kapilbastu Nawalparasi Rupandehi Mid-west
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CAP of three Plane districts
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Kapilbastu Nawalparasi Rupandehi
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Community Adaptation Plan, and priority (LFP 2009-2011)
Bio-energy17%
Climate education37%
Fire line3%
Flood control14%
Food security12%
Preparedness2%
Water security
15%
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Inside the community adaptation plan
Water securityClimate education
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36 36
82
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Boring Instalation
Water source protection
Irrigational Support
Physical structure
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Inside community adaptation planning
Food SecurityEnergy and low emission path
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2425
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Productive farming
IGA support Vegetable cultivation
training
Cash crop training
2565
269
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0
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ICS Support Bio Gas Plant Support
Waste management
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Examples of Community based adaptation
Economic use of invasive species
Community Forest Users Groups in Lalitpur district of Nepal has started to control by using Chromolaena Odorata(Banmara) as a raw material to make Bio-briquette
Study says that the C. Odorata is now become a serious problem in many Asian countries.
• Chromolaena odorata, one of the world's 100 worst invasive species;
• This cryptic heliophyteoriginating from central America invaded the understory of many tropical forest ecosystems throughout the world
• C. odorata is a cryptic invader hidden under the forest canopy up to 1500min Nepal
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Glimpse of community involvement in Bio-Briquette making
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pacts and Adaptation for Food and Environm
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Deep boring pump construction as an adaptive measure at Kailali district
• Construction of Water pump
• Community forestry (Up and down): plantation of grass, and other NTFPs to control soil erosion
• Fire line construction
• Reduce grazing
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Adaptation
practices
Why Since
Harvesting Rainwater in Plastic Pond
To fulfill the need of water for home garden during the time of water scarcity
1993
Community Seed Bank To promote conservation and use of local genetic resources, access to seeds among poor farmer during crop failure and seed shortage thus reducing vulnerability to crop loss
1993
Participatory Plant Breeding
Reintroducing local varieties and land races of rice, motivated as a result of gradual decrease in yield and disease and pest outbreaks in modern varieties
Shift to NTFP Farming Utilization of bare sloppy land, high productivity and commercial value compared to traditional farming of Millet and Maize
1990
Rupa Lake Conservation and Fishery Development Cooperative
Improving local livelihood and enhancing fforest and biodiversity conservation
2002
Crop and Livestock Insurance
Minimizing the risk of crop failure and livestock death due to weather-induced hazards or disease outbreaks
2011
Organic Farming Pests and disease outbreaks 2011
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pacts and Adaptation for Food and Environm
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Adaptation Practice
Why Since
Forest Management
(Grafting, 3 tire)
To increase the economic and ecological balance of forest
2007
Watershed management around the pond
To sustain the irrigation for farming during the period of water scarcity
2002
Bagar Farming (Peanut) In River Cutting Area
Livelihood improvement through utilization of sandy loam soil near river eroded area for peanut’s growth and development
2002
Zatropa farming To promote biodiesel as low carbon
alternative to fossil fuel
2008
Construction of bed on the field
To control water logging and improving agricultural productivity
2005
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pacts and Adaptation for Food and Environm
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International Conference on Climate Change Im
pacts and Adaptation for Food and Environm
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Shift from paddy to vegetable farmingPracticing the Plastic pond,
Bagar Farming: Groundnuts dam and afforestation
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pacts and Adaptation for Food and Environm
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Practicing the Plastic pond,Promoting Jatropha Plantation 3-Tier Farming of Lichhi, Coffee and Turmeric
Grafting of Naspati in Meyal tree in a community forest
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Conclusion
• High-sound policy processes are under preparation/formulation at policy level, but still their linkage with community adaptation planning and their sustainable implementation is questionable.
• A need of adaptation is felt at local level to cope with different types of problems resulted from climate change, but mainstream of development yet materialize the adaptation into the development interventions
• Most of the adaptation measure are initiated by projects, except few examples of self initiated local practices based on local knowledge
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pacts and Adaptation for Food and Environm
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International Conference on Climate Change Im
pacts and Adaptation for Food and Environm
ental Security 2012