building anlaysis

8/20/2019 Building Anlaysis

1/19

Building Analysis

Having modeled your structure and defined the parameters/loading to be applied, you are now ready to generatethe member design forces. These are determined by performing a 3D analysis of the whole building.

The pre and post analysis stages, along with the various applicable analysis options are fully described in the

following sections.

Main Topic/Sub Topics

The Building Analysis Process

Pre-Analysis

Model Options

Analysis

Post Analysis

Model Export

Reports


To begin this process pick the “Building Analysis” option located in the “Run” pulldown menu – this will load the

“Building Analysis” form.The “Building Analysis” form comprises 6 tab pages namely, “Pre-Analysis”, “Model Options”, “ Analysis”, “Post

Analysis”, “Model Export ” and “Reports”. You can carry out all the steps related to the Building Analysis using

these pages. The typical process is described below:

1. The items that are required to be specified prior to the analysis are grouped under the “Pre-Analysis”

tab. These include the basic parameters (design codes etc.) accessed by clicking “Parameters”. You must

also determine the material properties to be used in the design of the structural members via “Edit

Materials”. You can determine the combinations to be used in the analysis using “Edit Load

Combinations”. Furthermore, you can re-examine the information about the structure such as center of

gravity, storey loads and their application points by clicking “Edit Storey Loads”

These items are fully described in the previous section,Building Parameters, Loading and Materials

2. You can determine the options to be used in the formation of analytical model by using the fields located

under the “Model Options” tab. This form comprises three sections namely, “Model ”, “Stiffnesses” and

“Settings”.

3. Before running the analysis it is useful to first check the model for various potential geometric errors by

running the “Building Model Validity Check ” which is located on the “ Analysis” tab.

4. In order to perform the analysis you must check the “Building Analysis” option located in the “ Analysis”

tab. If required you can also check the “Perform Eigenvalue Analysis” option.

5. Optionally, you can check “Column/Wall Reinforcement Design” and “Beam Reinforcement Design”

options to select or check the steel in columns, walls and beams. Note that these options are also

CSC Web site

CSC Offices Worldwide

Page 1 of 19Building Analysis

7/15/2015file:///C:/Users/Sophea%20CE/AppData/Local/Temp/~hhBE7E.htm


2/19

available in the “Run” pulldown.

6. Click the “Start ” button on the “ Analysis” tab to start the building analysis. Here, first of all beam loads

are calculated, then the integrity and completeness of the graphical information is checked and related

connectivity data is prepared. A Finite Element model of building is created with frame elements (and

optionally shell elements for the walls) after the preparation of the connectivity data. The analysis is

performed in a single pass unless staged construction loadcases are detected, in which case astaged

construction analysis is performed.

7. Assuming the analysis completes without any problem a “Building Analysis Completed Successfully ”

message will appear at the bottom of the dialog.

8. After completing the Building Analysis process without any error, you can use the buttons located under

the “Post-Analysis” tab to graphically review the results on a 3-D model of the structure, to create the

analysis reports and to carry out Column/Wall and Beam Reinforcement Design.

9. If required you can export the structural model to other packages using the buttons located under the

“Model Export ” tab.

10. Finally you can examine and take print outs of the prepared reports using “Report ” page.


Building AnalysisStaged Construction Analysis

Staged Construction Analysis

A staged construction analysis is performed for every staged construction loadcase that has been defined. Fordetails of how these are created using the “Loading Generator ” see Staged Construction.

The results for the staged load cases can be examined in the same way as those for the unstaged load cases,

using the ‘”Model and Analysis Results Display ”.

The staged and unstaged combinations are both used for design.



Pre-Analysis

Load combinations, materials and other parameters relating to the analysis are specified on the “Pre-Analysis”

page of the “Building Analysis” form. These are fully described in the section:Building Parameters, Loading and

Materials


CSC Web site


CSC Web site





3/19

Building Analysis

Model Options

Options to be used in analysis can be specified in “Model Options” page of “Building Analysis” form. “Model

Options” comprises of three tab pages namely, Model, Stiffnesses and Settings.

Any modifications made in this page can be undone by pressing “Default Settings”.


Building Analysis

Model

Stiffnesses

Settings

Model

Parameters related with the analytical model of the building can be adjusted on the “Model ” tab.

Storey Degrees of Freedom

There is a list for defining the degrees of freedom for each storey. Storey degrees of freedom options in Orion

are:

The last two degrees of freedom options are useful for the analysis of a 2d-frame system defined along the

unrestrained direction.

CSC Web site


CSC Web site


TIP: You can select the “Only X permitt ed” orthe ”Only Y permit ted” options to define thedegrees of f reedom ofa single frame system.

X/Y and Torsion Permitted: Translations in X and Y directions and floor torsion

about Z-axis are permitted.

X/Y Permitted, Torsion Prevented: Translations in X and Y directions are permitted.

But torsion about Z-axis is prevented.

Only X Permitted: Only translation in X direction is permitted. Translation in Y

direction and rotation about Z-axis are prevented.

Only Y Permitted: Only translation in Y direction is permitted. Translation in X

direction and rotation about Z-axis are prevented.




4/19

Storey Degrees of Freedom

Rigid Zones

Rigid zones formed at the “Column-beam” intersections are taken into consideration automatically by the

program in the analysis model. Rigid zones are important in determining the effective lengths of members.

In order to consider cracks that can be formed in the intersections, rigid zones may be reduced by a certain

amount to calculate more realistic effects. Orion Analysis Model has the following rigid zone options:

“Maximum” option will use full member section dimensions to form the rigid zones and calculatesthe member forces at the member faces.

“Reduce by 25%” option will reduce the member section dimensions by 25% to form the reduced

rigid zones and calculates the member forces at a distance 0.25d from the member faces.

“None” option will not take the rigid zones into consideration and calculates the member forces atthe member axes.

Wall Model

Orion can model the walls in the building in two different ways. One of them is “Midpier Model ” and the other is

“Finite Element Shell Model ”. Using the radio buttons located in “Wall Model ” field, you can determine the wall

model to be used in the building globally.

“Mid-pier Model ” uses a single column at the mid-point of the wall panel to model the wall. Interaction with

neighbouring elements such as columns, beams or other walls are established by rigid beams extending to two




5/19

sides.

If “Finite Elements Shell Model ” is selected, wall members will be modelled by quadrilateral shell elements.

Maximum height and width of shell elements can be entered into “Shell Width” and “Shell Height ” fields. Default

value of 500 mm by 500 mm is adequate for most cases. Analysis time increases as the width and height values

decrease.

If the building includes narrowing walls, or wide basement walls, it is recommended to use “Finite Element ShellModel”.

Walls modelled as “Mid-pier Model” require less analysis time than the walls modelled as “Finite Elements Shell

Model”.

Each individual wall member in the system can be defined to use a different wall model in the analysis. For

example, a wall can be modelled using “Midpier model” in first storey and “Finite Element Shell Model” in the

second storey.

Rigid Diaphragm Modelling

Under the excitation of lateral loads, it must be specified whether the slabs in each storey level will behave

infinitely rigid in their plane (i.e. rigid diaphragm action) or not. This behaviour is generally modelled as “Rigid

Diaphragm”.

By assuming rigid diaphragm action in a storey level, degrees of freedom are reduced to translation X and Y

directions and a torsion about Z axis normal to the plane of X and Y. There will be no axial deformation in the

beams residing in rigid diaphragm.

If “Slabs To Define Rigid Diaphragm” option is selected, rigid diaphragms will be created by examining the

continuity and neighbourhood of slabs both in horizontal and vertical directions. If two or more slab groups do

not touch each other directly or by means of other intermediate slabs, each of these groups will form a separate

rigid diaphragm. There may be nodes that do not touch any of the slabs. These nodes, then, are defined as free

nodes and they do not belong to any of the diaphragms.

“Single Rigid Diaphragm At Each Floor Level ” option forces the whole storey level to behave like a rigid diaphragm

even if there is no slabs defined.

If “No Rigid Diaphragm At Floor Levels” option is selected, rigid diaphragm action is not utilised in the analysis. All

nodes in the storey levels will be accepted as free nodes. If there are big openings in the floor (approximately

greater than 1/3 of total floor area), it will be difficult to expect a rigid diaphragm action. Then this option must

be used in the analysis.

Beam Section

Using the radio buttons located in this section, flanges of the beam can be taken into account in the building

model.




6/19


Model Options

Stiffnesses

“Moment of Inertia”, “Modulus of Elasticity ”, “Torsional Constant ” and “Cross Sectional Area” of member groups

can be scaled by using the coefficients in “Stiffnesses” page. Values less than “1” will reduce the related

parameter whereas values greater than “1” will increase its value.

For example, if you want to minimize the lateral load sharing of columns in a Wall-Frame structure, you can use a

coefficient of 5% for column moment of inertia. This operation will globally multiply all column moment of

inertias by 0.05 during the analysis data preparation and analysis will be conducted accordingly.

If any modification is made in this field, analysis must be repeated.


Model Options

Settings

Additional options related to the analysis can be specified on the “Settings” tab.

Issue Warnings For Cantilever Beams Not Marked

If free end of the beams are not specified in Graphic Editor, then program will display a warning to mark this free

ends. If this option is unchecked, no warning will be displayed.

Issue Warnings For Unsupported Columns Before Analysis

If columns or walls in the system are left unsupported, warning messages will be displayed to alert the user.

Column may not be sitting on another member or may not be assigned a support at the lower joint. In case of

such a warning, you must go back to Graphic Editor and correct the model. This feature can be disabled by

unchecking this option.

Print Column, Wall and Beam Section Properties in Post-Analysis Report

Column, Wall and Beam section properties can be included in the Post-Analysis Report by checking this option.

Use ‘Sparse Solver’ for Building Analysis

The purpose of the sparse solver is to reduce the time required for analysis. For certain model types a dramatic

reduction in the analysis time can be achieved, (e.g. models utilizing the FE shell model for walls) for other

models it may be less significant.

CSC Web site


CSC Web site





7/19

Total/Relative Horizontal Drift Limits

Building horizontal drift checking is carried out and included in the Post-Analysis Report. The limit values for the

"Total Horizontal Drift " and "Relative Horizontal Drift " values defined here will be used in this report.

Total Horizontal Drift is the ratio of floor horizontal displacement to the height to the level of the floor, and

Relative Horizontal Drift is the ratio of relative floor horizontal displacement to the height of that particular

storey.

Axial Load Comparison Tolerance

Orion compares vertical loads on the building before transferred onto the beams and after decomposed onto the

beams before building analysis. A third check is performed by summing the column axial loads after the analysis.

These three group of values must be similar. A 5% tolerance in difference is adequate as a default value. If there

are problems related with slab yield lines or load transferring in the model, this difference may exceed 5%. A

warning message is issued after the analysis if 5% tolerance is exceeded.

Storey Weight and Center of Gravity Calculations

After the vertical loads are defined on the system, they are decomposed onto the beams and reaction values are

calculated at the nodes. These reactions are also regarded as masses at the joints. If “Use Decomposed Loads”

option is selected, then masses in the joints are used in center of gravity and weight calculations. If there are nobeams in the system (like in Flat Slabs), then “Use Undecomposed Loads” option should be used.


Model Options

Analysis

The Building Analysis is performed from the “ Analysis” page of the “Building Analysis” form.

On this page options are also provided to run a Building Model Validity Check, to perform an Eigenvalue Analysis,

to run batch column/wall and beam designs, and to display the Axial Load Comparison Report.


Building Analysis

Building Model Validity Check

Perform Building Analysis

Perform Eigenvalue Analysis

Column/Wall and Beam Reinforcement DesignAxial Load Comparison Report

CSC Web site


CSC Web site





8/19

Building Model Validity Check

Before making the building analysis you can use the "Building Model Validity Check " options to make a final

model check on the model you have created.

Using the "Building Model Validity Check", you can determine "Overlapping Slabs", “Overlapping Columns”,

"Overlapping Slabs and Beams", “Columns Inside Slab Panels”, "Overlapping Beams and Walls", “Validity of Axis

Intersections”, “Proximity of Axis Intersections” and “Overlapping Columns Spanning More than One Storey”.If any of the above overlapping conditions is detected, you have to return back to the Graphic Editor and modify

the members that cause the problem.

Building Model Validity Check option can be applied to the "Current Storey " or " All Storeys".


Analysis

Perform Building Analysis

A linear elastic static analysis is performed for every unstaged loadcase that has been defined and a staged

construction analysis is performed for every staged construction loadcase.

The results for both the unstaged and staged load cases can be examined using the ‘”Model and Analysis Results

Display ”.

The unstaged and staged combinations are both used for design purposes.


Analysis

Perform Eigenvalue Analysis

An “Eigenvalue Analysis” can be performed as part of the Building Analysis in order to calculate naturalfrequencies and mode shapes, (which will be dependent on storey mass and model stiffness). No loading is used

in the analysis. The Eigenvalue Analysis results can then be used for seismic design purposes and can also be of

value if wind tunnel tests are required.

Controlling the Storey Mass for Eigenvalue Analysis

The storey mass for Eigenvalue analysis is always based on the dead load G plus a fraction of the live load Q. The

degree to which the live load is assumed to participate is controlled by the participation factor (n), which can be

specified on the Lateral Loading tab of the Building Parameters dialog.

Note: For Lateral Load calculations, the storey weight can be based on G or Q or G+nQ. The Live Load

CSC Web site


CSC Web site





9/19

Participation Factor, (n) does not affect the Notional Load Calculation unless the G+nQ option is selected.

The G and Q components of the Storey Mass/Weight can be derived from the decomposed beam loads, or the

undecomposed slab loads, the choice of option being controlled via the “Settings” tab of the Building Analysis

“Model Options “dialog.

The mass/weight determined for the chosen option can be reviewed by hovering the cursor over the Center of

Gravity indicated on the form plan after running a Building Analysis.

If all slabs transfer their loads to beams or walls, either choice should produce a similar mass/weight. However inflat slab models this is often not the case - the mass determined using the decomposed beam loads option is likely

to be significantly smaller than that from the undecomposed slab loads option. In such models it is important that

the latter option is always selected.

Model Stiffness for Eigenvalue Analysis

The engineer should use section properties that are appropriate for the Eigenvalue Analysis. For columns and

walls this could involve making global stiffness adjustments to model cracked section properties. The ACI code

may be referred to for some guidance in this regard. These adjustments can be made via the “Model

Options/Stiffnesses” tab of the Building Analysis form.

Controlling the Number of Mode Shapes Required

These are set on the “Lateral Loading” tab of the Building Parameters dialog.

Graphical Results

To view a mode shape, activate the “Displacements” button and select the mode shape required from the

Loading menu. Animation can be activated if required from the Displacements menu.

Numerical Results

Numerical output from the analysis consisting of frequencies and mass participations is accessed from the

“Report ” tab – “Eigenvalue Results Report ” Button.


Analysis

Column/Wall and Beam Reinforcement Design

Check these boxes if you want the program to automatically run batch designs of the columns/walls and beams

immediately following the analysis.

Re-select Steel Bars

Any previously designed steel will be checked using the latest analysis results, unless you check the option to re-

select steel bars – in which case the program will attempt to design new steel for the latest analysis results.


Analysis

CSC Web site


CSC Web site




10/19

Axial Load Comparison Report

The " Axial Load Comparison Report " provides a means of verifying the total dead and live load applied to the

building. It also can be used to cross check:

slab loads have been correctly decomposed on to supporting members

gravity load applied matches the building analysis total vertical reaction

gravity load applied matches the FE chasedown total vertical reaction

For further details of how to utilize the Axial Load Comparison Report refer to the Orion Engineer’s Handbook.


Analysis

Post Analysis

The analysis produces graphical results for both the Static and Eigenvalue Analysis that can be accessed

simultaneously in the Model and Analysis Results Display. Tabular results can be obtained as an Analysis Results

Report.


Building Analysis

Model and Analysis Results Display

Analysis Results Report

Analysis Output Sign Convention

Model and Analysis Results Display

The “Building Analysis” procedure creates a 3-D analytical model of the building which can be viewed using the

“Model and Analysis Results Display ” option located on the “Post Analysis” tab of the “Building Analysis” form.

By using options in “ Analysis Model and Results Display ”, you can effectively check whether the analytical model

is prepared correctly - you can display details such as frame and nodal loadings, system connectivity information,

rigid end zones, end releases etc.

Again by using the available options, you can review the analysis results such as displacements, axial forces,


CSC Web siteCSC Offices Worldwide

CSC Web site





11/19

shears, bending moments, torsions, and finite element contours (if using FE Shell walls).

Display of the analytical model can be controlled using the right mouse button and mouse wheel. Rotation

operations can be performed by pressing right mouse button and dragging. Zoom-In and Zoom-Out can be

performed by rotating the mouse wheel. Pan operations can be done by pressing the mouse wheel and dragging.

The following buttons can be used to control the display:

View Settings

The most commonly used view settings can be selected directly from buttons on the toolbar, however other

settings such as node display type, text properties and size, local axis colours etc. can be adjusted by displaying

the “View Settings” menu.

Print

Find Node/Member

Filter

You can send a high resolution image of the 3-D analytical model to the printer by using the

“Print” button on the “General” tab. A print preview is displayed so that you can check the

image before it is printed.

This button (located on the “General” tab) can be used to find an individual node, frame

element or shell element within the 3-D analytical model.

Particularly for complicated and big-sized models, filtering is essential. By utilising the “Filters”

button (on the “General” tab) any unnecessary detail can be removed or restored. You can

remove any storey level, any axis, or member type from the view, enabling you to focus on a

particular detail in the model.

When the “Nodes” button (on the “Elements” tab) is depressed the additional related optionson the toolbar become active. Selecting “Labels” controls the display of node numbers.

Similarly, “Supports” and “Springs” display any support/spring assigned to a node if they exist.

Nodal loads assigned to each node can be seen if the nodal “Loads” option is selected.

“Diaphragms” can be used to show how nodes are connected to any diaphragms in the model.

When the “Frame Elements” button (on the “Elements” tab) is depressed the additional related

options on the toolbar become active. Select “Labels” to view the member labels. “Frame

Numbers” are automatically assigned to each element during the analysis model creation. Any

rigid members (including those created for example when “Rigid Zones” have been specified)

can be displayed using the “Rigid Members” option.

Point loads and distributed loads acting on beam spans can also be displayed on analyticalmodel. Select the Frame “Loads” option for this purpose.

Other details that can be activated for frame elements are “Local Axes” and “Frame Direction

Arrows”.

When the “Shells” button (on the “Elements” tab) is depressed the additional related options

on the toolbar become active. Select “Shell No” to view the shell numbers. In order to isolate

shell elements from neighbouring members and easily distinguish the connectivity information,

select the “Shrink ” option.




12/19

Results

Displacements, Frame Element Results and Contours are displayed for the load case or combination selected in

the “Loading” list.

If an eigenvalue analysis has been performed, mode shapes of the building will have been calculated and the

modes can be selected from the “Loading” list in order to see the mode shape.

Translation and rotation values at the node points can be displayed either as a resultant or in

each of the global directions. For angled systems, if non-orthogonal displacements are to be

investigated, then the “Resultant ” option can be used.

To animate the displacement display, select “ Animation”.

The decimal precision of the displacement values can be adjusted from “Unit and Format

Settings” in the “Settings” menu of the Graphic Editor .

Further configuration options exist in the “Displacements” section of the “View Settings” menu

as described below.

Displacements are assigned an automatic scale when first loaded. To increase the scale factor

uncheck the “ Auto Scale” box and enter a value manually into the “Display Scale” field.

The “Cubic Curve” option draws the displacements of frame and shell members by making use

of the loading on the elements, otherwise displacements are drawn just at the node points if

this option is removed.

To change the display unit of the displacements, adjust the “Displacement Display Unit ”. If you

select “Analysis”, then the displacement values will be displayed in whatever unit is used in

analysis.

The speed and number of steps in the animation can be adjusted via the “View Settings” menu.

For a smooth animation slow-down the speed while increasing the step number.

There are 6 force and moment components related to a frame element each of which can be

displayed from the toolbar:

N: Axial Load,

T: Torsional Moment,

V2-V3: Shear forces along element local axis 2 and 3,

M2-M3 : Bending moments about element local axes 2 and 3.

Select the “Labels” option to see the diagram values on the display.

Moment or force diagrams are also drawn for the rigid members if you check the “Rigid

Members” option in the Diagrams section of the “View Settings” menu.

Diagrams are assigned an automatic scale when first loaded. Uncheck “ Auto Scale” box in the

“View Settings” menu and enter a value manually into the “Scale” field to use a different scale.

If a “Finite Element Shell Model ” is used for analytical modelling of walls this button will beenabled allowing you to display either shaded or line contours for the selected contour type.

There are 9 contour types related to the shell elements, the required type is selected from the

toolbar:

F11: Horizontal Axial Force per unit length,

F22: Vertical Axial Force per unit length,

F12: Shear Force per unit length,

M11: In-plane Bending Moment per unit length,

M22: Out-of-plane Bending Moment per unit length,

M12: Twisting Moment per unit length,




13/19


Post Analysis

Analysis Results Report

In order to examine the analysis results calculated at joints, frames and shell elements, press “ Analysis Output

Report Preparation” button in the “Post Analysis” tab.

“ Analysis Results” dialog will be loaded. You can perform multiple filtering on analysis results by using this tree

structured form. As the default view, model will be categorised in storey basis. By selecting “Member Types” in

“List Type” field, you can categorise the results in element basis.

Displacement – X,

Displacement – Y,

Displacement – Z,

Shell internal forces are given for the unit length of the member.

The number of contour intervals can be adjusted from the “View Settings” menu.

Use this button to display the legend for the currently selected contour option. The legend will

remain in the view as long as the contour display is active.

CSC Web site





14/19

If you highlight “Building” title and press “>>” button, all members in the system (Nodes, Columns, Beams etc.)

will be listed on the “Structural Members” list on the right.

You can do further selections by expanding the “Building” title and subselecting any elements under any of the

“Storey ” title. For the items to be transferred to analysis report, select the item on the tree and press “>>”

button. If you just want to transfer all the elements on “Storey01” to the analysis report, ideally select “Storey01”

title and press “>>”. In order to exclude the transferred items from the report, select related item from the

“Structural Members” list and press “


15/19

Perform multiple or single selections by using CTRL/SHIFT buttons to select from the two lists. Click on the “Next”

button to continue. If you do not make any selections in one of the two lists, all of the items in the list will be

included in the report.

After building analysis, Axial Load (N), Shear Forces along local axes (V2, V3), Torsional Moment (T), Bending

Moments about the local axes (M2, M3) are calculated at the Columns, Beams and Walls

Printing the Analysis Results Report

As the last step in report creation, specify report options such as the number formats and priorities. You can click

on “Create Report ” button at any time during the steps of report creation described above. Except the first step,

if no selection is done at the other steps, it will be accepted as if all the items are selected in the list, (nothing

selected means everything selected).

Analysis Report will be created in text format after these steps. Print preview of the analysis report prepared can

be obtained by selecting from the “Output Reports” list on the “Post Analysis” page of “Building Analysis” form.

No preview will be available for a report that has not yet been created.


Post Analysis

CSC Web site





16/19

Analysis Output Sign Convention

The sign convention is illustrated in the following figures.




17/19

Positive Definit ion of Member Forces

Local Axis Directions

Local axis directions are illustrated above for the structural members.

For columns;

Local Axis-1 is always defined from top to bottom along the column longitudinal axis.

If column is of direction 1 or ½, Local Axis-2 is along the Dir-1 Insertion Axis of the column. Local Axis-3 is defined

according to the right hand rule and is normal to the plane of Local Axis-1 and Local Axis-2.

If column is of direction 2, Local Axis-3 is along Dir-2 insertion axis. Local Axis-2 is defined according to the right

hand rule and is normal to the plane of Local Axis-1 and Local Axis-3.

For walls;

Local Axis-1 is always defined from top to bottom along the wall longitudinal axis.

Local Axis-3 is always normal (pointing out) to the wall panel plane. Local Axis-2 is in the wall panel plane and

perpendicular to Local Axis-3.

For beams;

Local Axis-1 is always along the beam longitudinal axis and defined from start to end point of the beam. (From

bottom to top if beam seems vertical in plan, or from left to right if beam seems horizontal in plan)

Local Axis-2 is always defined along +Z direction. Local Axis-3 is defined according to the right hand rule and is

normal to the plane of Local Axis-2 and Local Axis-1

Right Hand Rule: While Right Hand Thumb shows the local axis-2, rotation direction of our hand is from Local

Axis-3 to Local Axis-1


Post Analysis

Model Export

Having completed a Building Analysis, you can then use the “Model Export ” page to export the building model

CSC Web site





18/19

into a range of modelling/analysis programs for further investigation.

The following software packages: S-FRAME®, 3D+®, Etabs® and SAP2000®/Lucas®.


Building Analysis

Reports

Pre-analysis Checks Report

This report summarises basic analysis model data such as storey heights, load combinations, materials and

section properties.

Post-analysis Checks ReportThis report summarises the post analysis storey drift checks

Joint Shear Check (HK-2004 only)

For the Hong Kong design code only this report summarises the column-beam joint shear checks.

Analysis Model Echo Report

This report contains tha analysis model data.

Storey Displacements Report

Orion calculates the displacements in the x and y directions and torsion for each load combination for each

storey.

Orion creates building models by using three degrees of freedom in each rigid diaphragm group. These degrees of

freedom are: displacement in x direction, displacement in y direction and torsion. There are displacements

resulting from different load cases at the mass center of each diaphragm.

In the Building Analysis form, “Storey Displacements” option in the “Reports” menu can be used to print out the

storey displacements.

Sway Classification Report

This report displays the calculations for determining the sway classification of each storey in the structure. The

calculations vary depending on the active design code. If designing to BS8110, CP65 or HK-2004 the calculations

are in accordance with ACI 318-02. If designing to EC2 the calculations are in accordance with Annex H of that

code.

Beam Load Analysis Report

This report lists the slab loads that decomposed on to each beam along with those loads applied directly to each

beam. It does not include ‘secondary beam’ reactions.

Eigenvalue Results

If an Eigenvalue Analysis has been performed, an extra button appears on the Reports tab. The “Eigenvalue

Results Report ” provides numerical output from the Eigenvalue analysis consisting of frequencies and mass

participations.

CSC Web site





19/19


Building Analysis

CSC Web site



building anlaysis

Documents