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Building and Construction Industry Training Organisation

Construction Health and Safety Consultation Findings

December 2008

of 130 © CBA Consulting Group Ltd

Contents

Executive Summary...................................................................................................................... 4 Headline findings: .................................................................................................................. 4

General Construction Health and Safety......................................................................... 4 Supervisors..................................................................................................................... 4 Industry training and qualifications.................................................................................. 4 Trade Specific Health and Safety.................................................................................... 5 Health and Safety Professionals ..................................................................................... 5 Employers....................................................................................................................... 5 HSIP Graduates.............................................................................................................. 5 Procurers........................................................................................................................ 5

GENERAL SECTIONS................................................................................................................... 6 1. General Construction Health and Safety ........................................................................... 7

1.0 Summary ............................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 7 1.2 General Construction Health and Safety Knowledge and Responsibilities ............. 8 1.3 Qualifications, training and learning styles ............................................................. 9

2. Supervisors............................................................................................................................ 21 2.0 Summary: Supervisors........................................................................................ 21 2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 21 2.2 Health and Safety knowledge and responsibilities................................................ 22 2.3 Qualifications, training and learning styles ........................................................... 24 2.4 Additional supervisor skills and competencies...................................................... 26 2.5 Career Progression.............................................................................................. 27 2.6 Business benefits................................................................................................. 28

3. Industry Training and Qualifications................................................................................ 32 3.0 Summary: Industry Training and Qualifications ................................................... 32 3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 33 3.2 Training and Qualification delivery ....................................................................... 33 3.3 Levels of knowledge............................................................................................. 33

SPECIFIC SECTIONS.................................................................................................................. 33 4. Trade Specific Health and Safety ..................................................................................... 33

4.0 Summary: Trade Specific Health and Safety....................................................... 33 4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 33 4.2 Trade Specific Health and Safety Topics.............................................................. 33 4.3 Qualifications, training and learning styles ........................................................... 33 4.4 Business benefits................................................................................................. 33

5. Health and Safety Professionals ...................................................................................... 33 5.0 Summary ............................................................................................................. 33 5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 33 5.2 Job responsibilities............................................................................................... 33 5.3 Existing professional level qualifications............................................................... 33 5.4 Professional Development ................................................................................... 33


5.5 Career Path ......................................................................................................... 33 6. Employers .......................................................................................................................... 33

6.0 Summary ............................................................................................................. 33 6.1 Introduction. ......................................................................................................... 33 6.2 Health and Safety Knowledge and Learning ........................................................ 33 6.3 Existing employer level qualifications ................................................................... 33 6.4 Organisational systems and processes................................................................ 33 6.5 Managing staff/contractor competencies.............................................................. 33

7. HSIP GRADUATES............................................................................................................. 33 7.0 Summary: HSIP Graduates................................................................................. 33 7.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 33 7.2 Marketing ............................................................................................................. 33 7.3 Why do the HSIP? ............................................................................................... 33 7.4 Expectations ........................................................................................................ 33 7.5 The HSIP Qualification......................................................................................... 33 7.6 Delivery................................................................................................................ 33 7.7 Who should do the HSIP course? ........................................................................ 33 7.8 HSIP Grads group responses .............................................................................. 33 7.9 Industry Training/Qualifications ............................................................................ 33

8. Procurers ........................................................................................................................... 33 8.0 Summary ............................................................................................................. 33 8.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 33 8.2 General Construction Health and Safety .............................................................. 33 8.3 Supervisor Construction Health and Safety.......................................................... 33 8.4 Industry Training/Qualifications ............................................................................ 33

9. Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 33 1.0 Introduction............................................................................................................. 33 1.1 The workbooks ....................................................................................................... 33 1.2 Industry consultation ............................................................................................... 33 1.3 The report ............................................................................................................... 33

10. Appendices ........................................................................................................................ 33


Executive Summary In 2008, the Building and Construction Industry Training Organisation (BCITO) set out to review its Health and Safety Injury Prevention (HSIP) qualification. Its intent was to engage industry in consultation about the qualification in order to seek improvements that would benefit the industry it serviced. During the scoping phase of the consultation, it became clear that the HSIP qualification was one piece of a larger puzzle frustrating industry when it came to construction Health and Safety training available and so, BCITO took it upon itself to undertake a wider industry consultation, investigating all construction health and safety training concerns across the building and construction industry. Industry representatives from Whangarei to Invercargill attended consultation forums and with each successful forum completed, a picture began to emerge of the shape and form of training that the industry desires when it comes to construction health and safety today. Some of the information that has come to light doesn’t necessarily fit with current funding guidelines for industry training organisations (ITOs). However, the information presented in this report provides the BCITO with an excellent opportunity to take a leadership role in forming a lobby group of ITOs to petition the TEC for a review of guidelines to meet the evolving health and safety needs of the building and construction industry. Headline findings:

General Construction Health and Safety

> All worker categories indicate that they recognise the importance of knowing their responsibilities – including the processes that lie behind them;

> Training, procedures and communication are key ways that construction workers meet their Health and Safety responsibilities;

> The most identified existing training or qualification is Site Safe;

> Training should be regularly refreshed – with ‘every 2 years’ being the most regularly cited;

> Short courses and on the job training are preferred by all workers;

> The greatest training motivator is change.

Supervisors

> Construction Health and Safety training needs are not deemed the most critical for supervisors – people skills are;

> Short courses appear to meet task need, however for supervisors to progress further in their careers, formal qualifications are important;

> Formal training is perceived to raise business productivity and create a culture of safety.

Industry training and qualifications

> Short courses meet task need but those developing their careers find that building block learning through short course which eventuates in a formal qualification is preferable. Experts benefit most from full qualification learning;


> Overall, all workbook groups agree that the level of understanding required increases as a worker progresses in career with the Health and Safety Professional expected to have the most knowledge and training;

> While HSIP Graduates and Procurers are amalgamated into the overall results, their particular perspectives are reviewed separately within their own sections.

Trade Specific Health and Safety

> Workers need a basic level of training in a range of trade specific skills;

> Increasing responsibility drives the need for advanced training;

> Training raises business and employee satisfaction.

Health and Safety Professionals

> The Health and Safety Professionals network is tight;

> Regions drive engagement;

> Succession planning training is not uniform.

Employers

> Compliance training for employers is critical;

> Health and Safety communication and having formal policies mitigate Health and Safety risk;

> Wider knowledge for employers is lacking.

HSIP Graduates

> Targeted marketing will raise awareness of the HSIP qualification ;

> Clearly defining expectations around the HSIP qualification will support in defining its purpose;

> Reworking the structure will improve user friendliness;

> The content for all blocks of units is essentially right;

> There are opportunities to enhance the delivery of the HSIP qualification;

> Health and Safety Professionals are perceived to require the highest level of training and qualification.

Procurers

> Contractual arrangements drive construction Health and Safety requirements;

> Procurer overseers monitor performance;

> Construction interferes with ‘business as usual’ – but you can’t plan for everything!


GENERAL SECTIONS


1. General Construction Health and Safety 1.0 Summary > All worker categories indicated that they recognise the importance of knowing their

responsibilities – including the processes that lie behind the actions

• The most commonly cited general construction Health and Safety topics that all workers need to know about include the identification of hazards, understanding procedures, knowing your responsibilities and using equipment safely.

> Training, procedures and communication are key ways that construction workers meet their

Health and Safety responsibilities

• All workers unanimously identified: training, having appropriate procedures in place, and communication as ways of ensuring that workers meet their construction Health and Safety responsibilities. Auditing and monitoring are also regarded as important tools.

> The most identified existing training or qualification is Site Safe

• Existing general and trade specific training yielded comprehensive lists – some more thematic (i.e. housekeeping) and some more specific (St Johns first aid training).

> Training should be regularly refreshed – with ‘every 2 years’ being most regularly cited

• 95% of all workers feel training should be regularly updated – with every 2 years being the preferred timescale.

> Short courses and on the job training are preferred by all workers

• Practical training is favoured to theoretical training for general construction Health and Safety.

> The greatest training motivator is change

• Feedback indicated that advancing a career or taking on a new responsibility drives a desire to train.

1.1 Introduction For the purposes of this research, general construction Health and Safety information is considered to be those topics that all workers should know about. This definition was explained to all of the participants at each of the fifteen consultation forums as well as those in the focus groups. Feedback on general construction Health and Safety was collected from participants by using each of the three workbooks (Trades and Supervisors, Health and Safety Professionals and Employers) and was Questions for this section were prepared to elicit information on:

> General construction Health and Safety topics and worker responsibilities;

> Existing training and appropriate learning styles;


> Training motivators.

All participants at the regional forums completed the section on general construction Health and Safety and in total, 381 individual workbooks were completed along with a further 85 group workbooks. An additional 8 Procurer workbooks provided information on contractor general construction Health and Safety along with 42 individual HSIP Graduate workbooks.

1.2 General Construction Health and Safety Knowledge and Responsibilities

Key topics

Participants were asked to identify the general Health and Safety topics that all construction workers need to know about. This question resulted in a wide range of responses with the top seven responses focusing on the identification of hazards, understanding procedures, knowing your responsibilities, and using equipment safely. Table 1.1 shows the full range of responses.

The top seven responsibilities accounted for around 60% of all responses and are:

> Hazard identification and control/injury prevention/protection on site;

> Company procedures/emergency procedures;

> Job specification/accountability/responsibilities/employee participation;

> PPE;

> Correct use of equipment/power tools;

> Training/training records/induction;

> Record keeping & reporting/accident investigation.

Figure 1.21: General construction Health and Safety topics

On closer inspection, the various workbooks revealed a difference of importance for the numerous topics that construction workers need to know about. Employers placed strong emphasis on hazard identification as their highest topic (15%) – as did Trades and Supervisors, but Employers also placed great emphasis on record keeping and reporting – something that Health and Safety Professionals rated lower, and Trades and Supervisors rated lowest within the top seven responses. Health and Safety Professionals rated company procedures, hazard identification and job accountabilities as the top three general construction Health and Safety topics, while Employers rated job accountabilities lowest across the three groups. Essentially, all workers agreed that hazard identification and company procedures were the top two general Health and Safety topics that all construction workers should know about, but variations among


the remaining topics reflected very much the perspective of each of the workbook categories and what was important to their particular role. Responsibilities Respondents were asked what they did to ensure that construction workers on site meet their Health and Safety responsibilities. The top three answers, comprising of over 50% of responses overall, highlighted that training and induction, having systems and processes and communication are the main ways to ensure responsibilities are met. Table 1.2 shows the full range of responses. The top five ways to ensure that construction workers meet their Health and Safety responsibilities are:

> Training/induction/refresher courses/mentoring

> Health and Safety systems/company procedures/hazard identification & control procedures

> Communication/toolbox talks

> Auditing

> Use of PPE

Figure 1.22: Ensuring workers meet their construction Health and Safety responsibilities

When looking at the detail of the data, all worker categories agreed on the top three responses. Following these, Health and Safety Professionals placed a slightly greater emphasis on auditing and monitoring compared to other categories, and Employers placed a slightly greater emphasis on the use of PPE (as did trades and supervisors), and signage. These variations are likely to represent the nature of their roles, with Employers being more focused on getting the job done safely while Health and Safety Professionals are more focused on overseeing the job being done safely – however, these variations do not alter the top three responses overall. 1.3 Qualifications, training and learning styles A number of questions were asked of all respondents that focused on current training and learning styles. Existing qualifications and training Respondents were asked to identify the types of training or qualifications that they knew existed, and to identify whether these are most appropriate for general construction Health and Safety, or whether they were considered to be trade specific training. Table 1.3 shows the full range of responses. Although each of the worker categories had variations for both general and trade-specific training or qualifications, the top general training and qualifications (highlighted in yellow in figure 1.31), are:


> Site Safe (reflected in all worker categories);

> First aid (St Johns)/Fire Safety;

> BCITO;

> Working at heights/elevated work platforms (Health and Safety Professionals only).

The top training and qualifications cited for the trade-specific category (highlighted in green in figure 1.31), are:

> Site Safe (reflected in all worker categories);

> BCITO;

> NZQA Unit Standards;

> Working at heights/elevated work platforms (reflected in all worker categories);

> Cranes and rigging;

> Confined spaces.

Figure 1.31: General and trade specific construction Health and Safety training and qualifications

The highest rated general Health and Safety topics that all workers need to know about were identified during the consultation and are listed in figure 1.32. Almost all of these are identified as general construction Health and Safety training, with only one identified as trade-specific construction Health and Safety training.


General construction Health and Safety training / qualifications

Trade Specific construction Health and Safety training / qualifications.

Site Safe First aid/St Johns/Fire Safety BCITO NZQA unit standards Working at heights/elevated work platform Company Health and Safety systems and procedures (incl. inductions) Short courses Electrical work National certificates in Health and Safety Professional & trade association training Degrees & Diplomas in Health and Safety/OSH (NZ) Driving courses General trade training (e.g. apprenticeship) Traffic management Other ITOs NEBOSH/IOSH (UK) NZIM Cranes and Rigging Confined spaces Hazardous materials handling (e.g. demolition, explosives, asbestos) HSNO / Environmental Awareness Accident & incident investigation training Permit to work PPE

Construction diving

Figure 1.32: Highest ranking general and trade specific construction Health and Safety training /qualifications

In addition, a further 73 topics were categorised under ‘other’ and these are listed in figure 1.33.

General Trade specific

Breathing apparatus Chainsaw licenses Construction management Dublin university Dust, noise, light and sight Employer training Excavations Forklift operation Gas powered nail guns Grinders Ground condition Hand tools Hazard and risk management Health and Safety audits Heavy machinery Hire companies Housekeeping In school Independent private consultants Job analysis Leadership Licence endorsement Literacy

Abrasive wheels Approved handler Equipment suppliers training courses Fasteners licence Formwork Grow safe agriculture HUET Industry/sector specific training Licenses Machinery licence Manual handling Marine safety Mines and tunnelling Mobile equipment Operator licence People management skills Pipe laying Portable appliance testing Practical safety testing Risk analysis Safe work practices Sling and communicate Swinging stage


Newcastle University Notifiable works On track Piling operator Plant Plumbing Presentation skills Ramset licence/use Road safety /roading Safe lifting Safe trades Safe use of equipment Safety culture Safety wellbeing Sampling rig operator Scissor hoist operation Summit systems Tagging leads Tilt up Training, coaching and mentoring Welding Working with lifting equipment

TICT Tool and machinery use Use of heavy equipment Water reticulation Wheel, track and rollers

Figure 1.33: Wider ranging training/qualifications categorised under ‘other’

Training regularity Respondents were asked their opinion on the regularity of construction Health and Safety training. All worker categories unanimously indicated that this training should be regularly updated, with 95% of all responses indicating that training should be of a ‘refresher’ nature. When asked to indicate how often refresher training should be carried out, all categories ranked the option ‘every 2 years’ as highest. Trades and Supervisors closely ranked the option ‘annually’ (42%, against 49% for every 2 years), but this was not reflected for Health and Safety Professionals or Employers who ranked the option ‘annually’ at 23% and 33% respectively. These two worker categories are likely to be more focused on the balance between time removed from the business and the need to be regularly updating training, acknowledging every 2 years as an acceptable balance. Table 1.4 and figure 1.34 show this in more detail.

Figure 1.34: Training regularity


Advanced training All workers were asked to consider when a construction worker might need to do some advanced Health and Safety training. Essentially the key reasons identified during the consultation are: > As a result of career advancement/change of role;

> In response to a site specific requirement;

> In response to compliance requirements.

Table 1.5 shows the full responses, but all worker categories unanimously agreed with the key reasons – figure 1.35 shows this in more detail.

Figure 1.35: Reasons for advanced training

One notable difference is that Trades and Supervisors rated ‘after an accident or near miss’ which is not reflected in the other worker categories.

Learning styles When asked to consider how construction workers are currently being trained in general construction Health and Safety, the most popular responses for all workers are: > On the job;

> Short training course.

Workers were also asked to comment whether the current general construction Health and Safety training available was adequate. The responses range from 58% saying ‘yes’ for Employers to 48% saying ‘yes’ for Health and Safety Professionals. Additionally, workers were then asked to comment on whether they felt it was important for construction workers to complete formal assessed construction Health and Safety training. Responses overwhelmingly indicated that it was.


Figure 1.36: Current learning styles

Respondents were also asked to consider how construction workers should be trained, and what split of training should be theory and practical. Most respondents across all worker categories felt that a 50/50 split of theory and practical was most appropriate, with a range of other responses significantly indicating an emphasis for practical training. Workers were also asked to consider where theory and practical are best learned and essentially this revealed that for all worker categories, ‘on the job’ learning is most appropriate for practical training, whilst ‘classroom learning’ was most appropriate for theory training. A full range of responses can be found at table 1.6 and figures 1.36 and 1.37.

Figure 1.37: Training settings


Training motivation Workers were asked to consider what might motivate a construction worker to do formal Health and Safety training. Table 1.7 shows the full range of responses. The most highly rated answer is for career advancement. The most commonly rated answers across all three of the worker categories are: > Career advancement increased responsibility/ change of role;

> Compliance/legislation;

> After an accident or near miss;

> Professional development.

Figure 1.38: Training motivators

Health and Safety Professionals rated professional development as a key motivator for training but this is not reflected in other worker categories. Trades and Supervisors and Employers both focus their motivators on the more practical elements of ‘compliance’ requirements or ‘after an accident or near-miss’.


Table 1.1

What are the general health & safety topics that all construction workers need to know about?

No. of mentions

% of mentions

Trades & Supervisors

% of mentions

H&S Professionals

% of mentions

Employers % of mentions

Hazard identification & control / injury prevention / protection on site 131 15% 53 17% 36 11% 42 15%Company procedures / emergency procedures 124 14% 50 16% 43 13% 31 11%Job specification / accountability / responsibilities / employee participation 64 7% 24 8% 31 10% 9 3%PPE 61 7% 21 7% 16 5% 24 9%Correct use of equipment/power tools 50 6% 21 7% 18 6% 11 4%Training / training records / induction 50 6% 23 8% 21 6% 7 3%Record keeping & reporting / accident investigation 50 6% 9 3% 14 4% 27 10%Working at heights / scaffolding 39 4% 10 3% 10 3% 19 7%Legislation 38 4% 10 3% 21 6% 7 3%First Aid 34 4% 15 5% 11 3% 8 3%Communication / toolbox talks 34 4% 14 5% 9 3% 11 4%Hazardous substances 20 2% 3 1% 8 2% 9 3%General safety 17 2% 6 2% 5 2% 6 2%Electricity 15 2% 4 1% 5 2% 6 2%Employee self appraisal / capabilites, knowledge 14 2% 2 1% 10 3% 2 1%Noise 11 1% 2 1% 6 2% 3 1%Excavation 11 1% 2 1% 3 1% 6 2%Confined spaces 9 1% 0 0% 6 2% 3 1%Notifiable work 9 1% 6 2% 2 1% 1 0%Manual handling 9 1% 1 0% 6 2% 2 1%Traffic management 8 1% 4 1% 1 0% 3 1%Task analysis 8 1% 3 1% 4 1% 1 0%Drug & alcohol awareness 8 1% 1 0% 3 1% 4 1%Signage 8 1% 2 1% 0 0% 6 2%Slips & Trips 7 1% 1 0% 4 1% 2 1%Environment awareness 7 1% 2 1% 3 1% 2 1%Transport 6 1% 0 0% 4 1% 2 1%Consequences 6 1% 1 0% 5 2% 0 0%Common sense 5 1% 3 1% 0 0% 2 1%Personal hygiene 5 1% 0 0% 4 1% 1 0%Cranes & rigging 5 1% 0 0% 2 1% 3 1%Other: 37 4% 11 4% 15 5% 11 4%Subcontractor safety & complianceSpecific product informationH&S representatives & officersHSNODemolitionAuditingMobile plant / vehicle movementsMSDSDustSite specific requirementsCorrect disposal of wasteDoLIMEControl methodsM/E guardingPAT testingTake Five methodSite Safe passportTemporary workersEmploymentHousekeepingVibration


Table 1.2

What do you do to ensure that construction workers on your sites meet their health & safety responsibilities?

No. of mentions

% of mentions


% of mentions

H&S Professionals

% of mentions


Training / induction / refresher courses / mentoring 152 24% 58 24% 50 24% 44 25%H&S systems / company procedures / hazard identification & control procedures 114 18% 55 23% 29 14% 30 17%Communication / Toolbox talks 88 14% 34 14% 31 15% 23 13%Auditing 37 6% 13 5% 18 9% 6 3%Use of PPE 35 6% 16 7% 6 3% 13 7%Monitoring 27 4% 11 5% 13 6% 3 2%Record keeping & reporting 23 4% 9 4% 9 4% 5 3%Leadership / Supervision 23 4% 5 2% 11 5% 7 4%Job specification / accountabilities / responsibilities 21 3% 6 2% 9 4% 6 3%Site Safe training 21 3% 5 2% 10 5% 6 3%Use of Signage 17 3% 5 2% 2 1% 10 6%Appoint a H&S Officer 13 2% 9 4% 2 1% 2 1%First Aid 9 1% 5 2% 0 0% 4 2%Legislation & Compliance 8 1% 1 0% 2 1% 5 3%Equipment 7 1% 2 1% 0 0% 5 3%Planning 6 1% 1 0% 4 2% 1 1%Subcontractor safety & compliance 5 1% 1 0% 1 0% 3 2%Disciplinary action 5 1% 0 0% 4 2% 1 1%Drug & alcohol awareness 5 1% 1 0% 3 1% 1 1%Other: 10 2% 4 2% 4 2% 2 1%Working with new products, machinery, techniquesRequire accredited personnel / verified credentialsWorking at heightsTask AnalysisProvide waste facilitiesSite specific requirement Table 1.3

Please list all the construction H&S training (or qualifications) that you know exist

General % of mentions Trade specific

% of mentions

General % of mentions

Trade specific

% of mentions


Trade specific

% of mentions

Site Safe 161 35% 43 14% 76 17% 15 7% 69 28% 32 21%First aid/St Johns/Fire Safety 87 19% 6 2% 41 9% 10 4% 47 19% 6 4%BCITO 63 14% 37 12% 18 4% 8 4% 21 9% 24 16%NZQA unit standards 23 5% 39 12% 16 4% 8 4% 2 1% 0 0%Working at heights/elevated work platform 22 5% 61 19% 56 13% 43 19% 14 6% 20 13%Company H&S systems and procedures (incl. inductions) 16 4% 25 8% 30 7% 6 3% 14 6% 7 5%Short courses 14 3% 2 1% 18 4% 7 3% 13 5% 5 3%Electrical work 12 3% 29 9% 11 3% 14 6% 22 9% 1 1%National certificates in H&S 7 2% 3 1% 23 5% 2 1% 2 1% 0 0%Professional & trade association training 7 2% 2 1% 10 2% 1 0% 2 1% 1 1%Degrees & Diplomas in H&S/OSH (NZ) 6 1% 1 0% 23 5% 1 0% 3 1% 0 0%Driving courses 6 1% 0 0% 3 1% 1 0% 0 0% 2 1%General trade training (e.g. apprenticeship) 5 1% 4 1% 0 0% 7 3% 0 0% 0 0%Traffic management 3 1% 7 2% 5 1% 6 3% 4 2% 1 1%Other ITO's 2 0% 3 1% 3 1% 5 2% 0 0% 1 1%NEBOSH/IOSH (UK) 1 0% 0 0% 12 3% 0 0% 1 0% 0 0%NZIM 1 0% 0 0% 5 1% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%Cranes and Rigging 1 0% 7 2% 9 2% 17 7% 3 1% 21 14%Confined spaces 1 0% 11 4% 18 4% 18 8% 0 0% 9 6%Hazardous materials handling (e.g. demolition, explosives, asbestos) 1 0% 6 2% 5 1% 14 6% 3 1% 4 3%HSNO / Environmental Awareness 0 0% 0 0% 3 1% 3 1% 1 0% 0 0%Construction diving 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 4 2% 0 0% 0 0%Accident & incident investigation training 0 0% 0 0% 3 1% 1 0% 0 0% 0 0%Permit to work 0 0% 1 0% 2 0% 6 3% 0 0% 1 1%PPE 0 0% 1 0% 2 0% 2 1% 0 0% 0 0%Other (see below) 18 4% 25 8% 48 11% 29 13% 26 11% 14 9%Abrasive wheels 1Approved handler 1Breathing apparatus 1Chainsaw licenses 1 1Construction management 1Dublin university 1Dust, noise, light and sight 4Employer training 1 1Equipment suppliers training courses 1Excavations 2 1 1

Trades and Supervisors H&S Professionals Employers


Table 1.3 continued

Please list all the construction H&S training (or qualifications) that you know exist

Trades and Supervisors H&S Professionals Employers

General % of mentions Trade specific

% of mentions


Trade specific

% of mentions


Trade specific

% of mentions

Fasteners licence 1Forklift operation 3 1 7 2 2 1Formwork 1Gas powered nail guns 2 2Grinders 1Ground condition 2Grow safe agriculture 1Handtools 1Hazard and risk management 3 4 3Health and safety audits 1 1Heavy machinery 2 1 1 1Hire companies 1Housekeeping 1HUET 1In school 1Independent private consultants 1Industr/sector specific training 1Job analysis 2Leadership 8 1Licence endorsement 1Licenses 1Literacy 2Machinery licence 1Manual handling 6 3Marine safety 1Mines and tunnelling 2Mobile equipment 1Newcastle university 1 2Notifiable works 1 1 2OnTrack 1Operator licence 1People management skills 1Piling operator 1 1Pipe laying 1Plant 1 2Plumbing 2 2Portable appliance testing 1Practical safety testing 1Presentation skills 1Ramset licence / use 1 2Risk analysis 1Road safety / roading 3 2Safe lifting 1 1 1Safe trades 2Safe use of equipment 1Safe work practices 1Safety culture 1Safety wellbeing 1Sampling rig operator 1Scissor hoist operation 1Sling and communicate 1Summit systems 1 1Swinging stage 1Tagging leads 1TICT 1Tilt up 1Tool and machinery use 1 2Training, coaching and mentoring 1 2Use of heavy equipment 1Water reticulation 1Welding 1 1Wheel, track and rollers 1 1Working with lifting equipment 1 Table 1.4

Should general health and safety training for construction workers be 'one off training', or 'refresher training'?


H&S Professionals Employers

One off 5 3 11Refresher 149 102 110If you ticked 'refresher training' how regularly do you feel refresher courses should be taken?



Every 2 yrs 70 63 63Annually 61 24 376 monthly 2 2 3Quarterly 1 1 1Monthly 1 0 2Other 8 12 3


Table 1.5

When might a construction worker need to do some advanced H&S training?

No. of mentions

% of mentions


% of mentions

H&S Professionals

% of mentions


Career advancement / change of role 190 35% 65 36% 70 33% 55 37%Site specific requirement 126 23% 34 19% 54 25% 38 26%Compliance 64 12% 26 15% 23 11% 15 10%When working with new products, machinery, techniques 46 9% 14 8% 15 7% 17 12%After an accident or near miss 19 4% 10 6% 5 2% 4 3%Confined spaces 13 2% 3 2% 9 4% 1 1%Working at heights 13 2% 4 2% 7 3% 2 1%Training / refresher course 10 2% 4 2% 3 1% 3 2%Self employment 7 1% 1 1% 2 1% 4 3%Professional development 7 1% 2 1% 3 1% 2 1%Scaffolding 6 1% 1 1% 4 2% 1 1%Hazard identification & control 5 1% 2 1% 3 1% 0 0%Emergency procedures 4 1% 1 1% 3 1% 0 0%Site Safe 4 1% 2 1% 0 0% 2 1%Electricity 3 1% 1 1% 2 1% 0 0%Demolition 3 1% 1 1% 2 1% 0 0%Power tools 3 1% 1 1% 2 1% 0 0%Traffic Management 3 1% 1 1% 1 0% 1 1%Other: 13 2% 6 3% 5 2% 2 1%General SafetyFirst AidBCITOPPE useExcavationNotifiable workAuditSpecialised trainingSpecialised tasksHot worksHazardous substances Table 1.6

Generally speaking,how are construction workers currently being trained in general H&S topics?



On the job 125 85 107In house company training 89 73 60Short training course 114 87 60Training courses that lead to a qualification 56 52 35Full qualification 13 18 7Other 6 1 5Overall, is the general health and safety training available to construction workers adequate?



Yes 80 51 70No 72 55 50Is it important for construction workers that they complete formal assessed construction H&S training?



Yes 140 97 99No 13 9 22For construction workers, approximately what % of the general H&S training should be theory and what % should be practical?


H&S Professionals

Employers

Theory 90% Practical 10% 0 0 0Theory 80% Practical 20% 2 2 2Theory 70% Practical 30% 6 3 2Theory 60% Practical 40% 8 4 11Theory 50% Practical 50% 37 27 30Theory 40% Practical 60% 27 22 13Theory 30% Practical 70% 23 20 12Theory 20% Practical 80% 20 11 19Theory 10% Practical 90% 8 0 9Other 5 4 7Where do you feel that theory and practical training for construction workers is best learned? Theory Practical Theory Practical Theory PracticalOn the job learning 76 148 66 100 59 115Classroom' learning 109 20 81 23 85 18Distance learning 9 1 5 3 2 0E-Learning 2 0 7 1 4 2Other 1 1 0 3 0 0

H&S Professionals EmployersTrades & Supervisors


Table 1.7

What might motivate a construction worker to do formal health & safety training?

No. of mentions

% of mentions


% of mentions

H&S Professionals

% of mentions


Career advancement / increased responsibility /change of role 158 37% 57 35% 57 35% 44 41%Compliance / legislation 66 15% 34 21% 17 11% 15 14%After accident or near miss 56 13% 20 12% 19 12% 17 16%Professional development 47 11% 12 7% 29 18% 6 6%Leadership / management / human resources 25 6% 12 7% 7 4% 6 6%Recognition 13 3% 3 2% 9 6% 1 1%Incentives / money 12 3% 6 4% 5 3% 1 1%General safety 8 2% 2 1% 6 4% 0 0%Qualifications 8 2% 3 2% 1 1% 4 4%Working with new products, machinery, techniques 4 1% 1 1% 3 2% 0 0%Subsidised courses 4 1% 1 1% 1 1% 2 2%Budgeting 4 1% 1 1% 1 1% 2 2%Planning 4 1% 0 0% 1 1% 3 3%Peer pressure / company culture 3 1% 1 1% 2 1% 0 0%Other: 17 4% 11 7% 3 2% 3 3%Employee satisfactionInduction / learningCompany proceduresSite specific requirementHazard identification & controlSelf employmentClose to retirementReduced ACC leviesSite SafeLeisurePower activated tools


2. Supervisors 2.0 Summary: Supervisors

The following highlights were recorded during the analysis of feedback on supervisors: > Construction Health and Safety training needs are not most critical for supervisors – people skills

are

• For supervisors, the feedback indicated that specific task training for construction Health and Safety is not the most critical training need. Having skills in mentoring, coaching, leadership and people skills are more important for supervisors. This feedback indicated a training opportunity to support organisation in meeting the additional competencies that are needed over and above usual construction Health and Safety expertise.

> Short courses appear to meet task needs; however for supervisors to progress further in their

career, formal qualifications are important

• Short courses were identified during the consultation as the most popular way to meet the current training needs of supervisors. Site Safe courses feature highly, alongside other specialist construction Health and Safety trade training – much of this is currently delivered through short courses by a range of providers.

• Very little training was specifically identified that could meet the coaching, mentoring and people training needs identified as a most critical ‘skill’ for supervisors. This highlights a possible gap in training provision for developing wider supervisor competencies – particularly in developing critical people skills.

> Formal training is perceived to raise business productivity and create a culture of safety

• Feedback suggests that having supervisors that are formally trained supports construction businesses in achieving their goals effectively – by raising both productivity and staff morale.

2.1 Introduction

Information about supervisors was collected from all respondents that participated in the consultation.

Questions were devised to obtain information from respondents around:

> Supervisor Health and Safety knowledge and responsibilities;

> Existing training and qualifications suitable for supervisors, and appropriate learning styles;

> Additional skills and competencies required of supervisors (over and above construction Health and Safety skills);

> Career progression.

Additionally, Procurers were asked questions relating to workers contracted to act in a supervisory capacity. This feedback can be found in section 8. In total, 381 workbooks were completed by individuals, and a further 85 workbooks were completed by groups that provided information on supervisor construction Health and Safety. An additional 8


Procurer workbooks provided information on supervisors in a contracting capacity. 2.2 Health and Safety knowledge and responsibilities

Training needs for supervisors. When asked what the Health and Safety training needs for supervisors are, respondents overwhelmingly identified that these are primarily not technical or trade-related training needs, but focus more on people, process and compliance. Table 2.1 shows the full range of responses. The top four responses making up almost half of the feedback for this question indicate that people skills, systems and procedures and compliance are deemed the most important training needs for supervisors. The top four training needs identified for supervisors are:

> Coaching and mentoring, leadership and management, people skills, and communication (21%);

This was supported by all worker categories that unanimously identified this as the most critical training need.

> Company Health and Safety systems and procedures (12%);

> Compliance and legislation recording (11%);

> The ability to deliver and facilitate staff training and inductions (10%).

Graph 2.1: What are the construction Health and Safety training needs for supervisors?

Figure 2.21 below shows the top four responses overall (shaded in green) as well as the variation in feedback across the three worker categories.


Figure 2.21: Supervisor training needs

Responsibilities Respondents were asked how supervisors ensure that they meet their Health and Safety responsibilities. The top three answers indicate that hiring the right people, training them and managing performance, and compliance processes are critical. Table 2.2 and graph 2.2 shows the full range of responses. The top five ways supervisors ensure that they meet their Health and Safety responsibilities are:

> Appropriate recruitment and training (21%);

> Appraisal, monitoring and performance management (19%);

> Audit (15%);

> Communication/toolbox talks/ site meetings (9%);

> Record keeping and reporting (8%).

When looking at the detail of the data, Health and Safety Professionals ranked appraisal, monitoring and performance management as the top way for supervisors to ensure that they meet their Health and Safety responsibilities, while Trades and Supervisors ranked this option as their third choice (see figure 2.22).

Figure 2.22: Ensuring supervisors meet their construction Health and Safety responsibilities


Graph 2.2: How do you ensure that supervisors meet their construction Health and Safety responsibilities?

2.3 Qualifications, training and learning styles

Existing qualifications & training All worker categories were asked what training or qualifications currently exist to meet the construction Health and Safety needs of a supervisor.

Figure 2.31: What training or qualifications exist to meet the construction Health and Safety needs of a supervisor?

A full range of responses can be found at table 2.3. The most commonly cited training or qualifications identified that exist to meet the construction Health and Safety needs of a supervisor can be seen in figure 2.31 (shaded pink) and include:

> Site Safe (30%) - this was reflected across all worker categories;

> Specialist trades training (16%) - also reflected across all worker categories;

> BCITO (14%) - this was not reflected equally across all worker categories as Health and Safety Professionals identified this proportionally less than either Employers or Trades and Supervisors;

> First aid training (8%).

The top four responses were followed by a series of more generic training in the form of degrees, diplomas, national certificates, short courses and trade/professional training – all recording 5% of total responses (see figure 2.31 and graph 2.3).


Graph 2.3: What training or qualifications exist to meet the construction Health and Safety needs of a supervisor?

Current supervisor training When asked how supervisors are currently trained, the highest responses suggest that essentially supervisors are currently trained through a variety of short courses, on the job training and in house training (which is also likely to be short courses) - see table 2.4 and figure 2.32.

Figure 2.32: Current supervisor training

Although full qualifications feature within the list, they are the lowest significant response (8% Trades and Supervisors, 10% Health and Safety Professionals and 6% Employers). Consideration should be given here as to whether these responses reflect the type of training currently available, or what respondents think would be the most appropriate in the future. All workers were asked whether current supervisor training meet their needs – the responses indicate that generally workers were undecided with the differences between the yes and no responses being very little. Employers had the most defined perspective with 65% indicating that training is satisfactory and 35% indicating that it isn’t.


Graph 2.4: How are supervisors currently being trained in construction Health and Safety?

Learning styles Respondents were asked to consider how supervisors should be trained and what split of training should be theory and practical. Most workers indicated a 50/50 split with a range of responses falling on either side. The lack of consistency with the highest response being a ‘hedge of bets’ suggests that there is no clear feeling either way. Workers were also asked where construction Health and Safety theory and practical training are best learned. Responses overwhelmingly indicated that theory is best learned in the classroom while practical is best learned on the job. There was very little indication across all the workers that distance learning or e-learning would be a suitable learning style for supervisors. Essentially the findings from this question suggest that for supervisors, theoretical learning is best undertaken in a ‘classroom’ setting. Interestingly, Health and Safety Professionals give reasonable reference to practical learning being undertaken in a classroom - which may be more of a reflection of what is easiest for them and the importance that they place on process and procedure. A full range of responses can be found at table 2.5. 2.4 Additional supervisor skills and competencies Workers were asked to identify the skills and competencies that supervisors should have in addition to specific construction Health and Safety. Table 2.6 and figure 2.41 show the full range of responses. The top four skills and competencies that supervisors need to have in addition to specific construction Health and Safety knowledge are:

> Coaching, leadership and people skills (59%);

> Administration and time management (7%);


> General construction knowledge/experience (9%);

> Hazard identification and control (5%).

Figure 2.41: Additional skills and competencies

Hazard identification and control is highlighted in red (figure 2.41) as this is considered to be a construction Health and Safety skill and should not be regarded as an additional skill that supervisors would need to have.

2.5 Career Progression

When asked how someone might progress their career from a supervisor level to a Health and Safety specialist role and what training exists to support that transition, the key response was tertiary qualifications (21%) - this was agreed by all worker categories. The next five responses following this also all refer to training in one form or another (see figure 2.51). A full range of responses to this question can be found in table 2.7.

Figure 2.51: Career progression

The top six ways identified that supervisors can progress their career into a Health and Safety specialist role are:

> Tertiary qualifications (21%);

> Qualifications (9%);

> Department of Labour training (9%);


> Site Safe training (8%);

> Training/education/courses (8%);

> HSIP training (7%).

Figure 2.51 shows some interesting reported anomalies. Trades and Supervisors do not rank Site Safe training at all, but significantly report the HSIP qualification when compared to the ranking by both Employers and Health and Safety Professionals. It should be noted however that 40% of all Trades and Supervisor workbooks were completed by BCITO staff at a session held at Waipuna in Auckland. Employers are the only worker category to significantly identify ways (other than training) that a supervisor might use to progress their career. These include a ‘change of role’ (12%) and ‘involvement in Health and Safety’ (10%). 2.6 Business benefits Workers were asked to identify what benefits having someone trained at supervisor level provided for a business. The three highest benefits identified are:

> Increased productivity/profitability/cost effectiveness/competitive advantage (31%);

> Safe environment and culture/less accidents/minimised risks and reduced ACC levies (29%);

> Happier work environment/employee participation/satisfaction and staff retention (12%). A full range of responses to this question can be found in table 2.8 and a snapshot in figure 2.61 below.

Figure 2.61: Business benefits of trained supervisors

Essentially, the perceived benefits of having supervisors trained in construction Health and Safety relate to increased productivity, safer environments and improved staff morale; suggesting a balance of both improved business construction processes and people management.


Table 2.1

What are the construction H&S training needs for supervisors? No. of Mentions

% of mentions


% of mentions

H&S Professionals

% of mentions


Coaching and mentoring / leadership & management / people skills / communication 94 21% 26 19% 45 23% 23 20%Company H&S systems & procedures 54 12% 19 14% 27 14% 8 7%Compliance / legislation 50 11% 20 15% 23 12% 7 6%Ability to deliver and facilitate staff training / induction 47 10% 18 13% 15 8% 14 12%Hazard identification & control 39 9% 12 9% 18 9% 9 8%Accident & incident reporting / investigation 33 7% 4 3% 22 11% 7 6%First Aid 31 7% 11 8% 8 4% 12 10%Site Safe 25 6% 8 6% 8 4% 9 8%General safety knowledge 17 4% 3 2% 9 5% 5 4%Task analysis 11 2% 2 1% 3 2% 6 5%Monitoring, record keeping & reporting 10 2% 3 2% 4 2% 3 3%Supervisor formally qualified 9 2% 3 2% 2 1% 4 3%Specialist tasks - eg working at heights, new products, machinery 8 2% 2 1% 3 2% 3 3%Business skills -eg administration, time management, commercial environment 6 1% 1 1% 4 2% 1 1%Audit 4 1% 1 1% 3 2% 0 0%Other 10 2% 2 1% 3 2% 5 4%PPECommon senseForumsResources Table 2.2

How do you ensure that supervisors meet their construction H&S responsibilities?

No. of Mentions

% of mentions


% of mentions

H&S Professionals

% of mentions


Appropriate recruitment & training (incl. refresher) 62 21% 26 26% 18 17% 18 21%Appraisal, monitoring, performance management 56 19% 13 13% 30 28% 13 15%Audit 44 15% 21 21% 14 13% 9 10%Communication / toolbox talks / site meetings 26 9% 9 9% 10 9% 7 8%Record keeping & reporting 24 8% 9 9% 3 3% 12 14%Company H&S systems & procedures 19 6% 3 3% 7 7% 9 10%Job specification / responsibilities 19 6% 7 7% 10 9% 2 2%Recognition / incentives 14 5% 4 4% 4 4% 6 7%Leadership / management / supervision 11 4% 3 3% 7 7% 1 1%Compliance & legislation 5 2% 2 2% 1 1% 2 2%Site Safe 5 2% 2 2% 1 1% 2 2%Other 9 3% 2 2% 2 2% 5 6%Provide resources / budgetsProvide supportPeer reviewsManaging subcontractorsKeeping up-to-date with H&S changes


Table 2.3

What training or qualifications exist to meet the construction H&S needs of a supervisor?

No. of Mentions

% of mentions


% of mentions

H&S Professionals

% of mentions


Site Safe 99 30% 31 33% 44 30% 24 27%Specialist trades training 54 16% 15 16% 24 16% 15 17%BCITO 46 14% 16 17% 14 10% 16 18%First aid / St Johns 26 8% 10 11% 6 4% 10 11%National certificates in H&S 16 5% 6 6% 8 5% 2 2%Short courses (e.g. STMS, TM, H&S rep, Union rep, PTW) 16 5% 6 6% 7 5% 3 3%Degrees & Diplomas in H&S / OSH 15 5% 5 5% 5 3% 5 6%Professional & trade association training (e.g. NZIM, EMA, CTU) 15 5% 3 3% 8 5% 4 4%Inhouse training / Induction 15 5% 0 0% 8 5% 7 8%Operate Safe 9 3% 1 1% 8 5% 0 0%NEBOSH 7 2% 0 0% 7 5% 0 0%Compliance training (ACC,DOL) 6 2% 0 0% 3 2% 3 3%Other 7 2% 1 1% 5 3% 1 1%Other ITOsCompetent KiwiEquipment supplyWorkplace safety Table 2.4

Generally speaking, how are supervisors currently being trained in construction H&S?


% of mentions H&S Professionals

% of mentions Employers % of mentions

On the job 97 22% 82 24% 89 27%In house company training 107 24% 73 21% 79 24%Short training course 122 27% 87 25% 81 25%Training courses that lead to a qualification 84 19% 68 20% 54 16%Full qualification 36 8% 33 10% 21 6%Other 1 0% 3 1% 5 2%

Generally speaking, does the construction H&S training available for supervisors meet their needs?



% of mentions Employers % of mentions

Yes 81 57% 55 52% 73 65%No 62 43% 50 48% 39 35% Table 2.5

For someone at supervisor level, approximately what % of construction H&S training should be theory and what % should be practical?


No. of mentions H&S Professionals

No. of mentions Employers No. of mentions

Theory 90% Practical 10% 7 5% 1 1% 1 1%Theory 80% Practical 20% 16 11% 7 7% 9 8%Theory 70% Practical 30% 32 23% 10 10% 9 8%Theory 60% Practical 40% 17 12% 25 24% 17 16%Theory 50% Practical 50% 43 31% 33 32% 33 31%Theory 40% Practical 60% 14 10% 10 10% 11 10%Theory 30% Practical 70% 2 1% 6 6% 11 10%Theory 20% Practical 80% 4 3% 8 8% 5 5%Theory 10% Practical 90% 0 0% 0 0% 2 2%Other 5 4% 3 3% 8 8%

For supervisors, where do you feel that theory and practical Trades & Supervisors H&S Professionals Employerstraining is best learned? Theory Practical Theory Practical Theory PracticalOn the job learning 49 133 52 96 50 111Classroom' learning 142 66 96 60 104 56Distance learning 22 7 20 1 12 2E-Learning 8 5 18 3 16 3Other 2 2 6 6 1 3OtherMentoringIndustry forumsHSE practical training centreGuest speakersOther industry forumPeer groups


Table 2.6

What skills & competencies do supervisors need to have in addition to specific construction H&S knowledge?

No. of Mentions

% of mentions


% of mentions

H&S Professionals

% of mentions


Coaching and mentoring / leadership & management / people skills / communication 219 59% 67 55% 98 65% 54 55%General construction knowledge / experience 32 9% 10 8% 8 5% 14 14%Administration / time management 25 7% 11 9% 9 6% 5 5%Hazard identification & control 20 5% 7 6% 8 5% 5 5%Legislation 15 4% 5 4% 8 5% 2 2%Literacy & numeracy 9 2% 3 2% 4 3% 2 2%Project management 9 2% 3 2% 2 1% 4 4%Logical thinking 7 2% 3 2% 2 1% 2 2%Planning 5 1% 2 2% 3 2% 0 0%Record keeping & reporting 4 1% 1 1% 2 1% 1 1%Quality management / control 2 1% 1 1% 1 1% 0 0%Other - eg PPE management, product knowledge, access to H&S resources, local body knowledge, insurance cover knowledge, multi lingual, speak the same language, first aid, efficiency, computer literacy 23 6% 8 7% 6 4% 9 9% Table 2.7

How would someone progress their career from supervisor level to a H&S specialist role and what training is currently available to support that transition?

No. of Mentions

% of mentions



% of mentions


Tertiary qualifications (Universities/Polytechnics) 42 21% 17 38% 16 15% 9 18%Qualifications 18 9% 4 9% 9 9% 5 10%DOL (OSH, NEBOSH) 18 9% 1 2% 14 13% 3 6%Site Safe 16 8% 0 0% 11 11% 5 10%Training/education/courses 15 8% 4 9% 5 5% 6 12%HSIP 14 7% 7 16% 4 4% 3 6%Change of role 11 6% 1 2% 4 4% 6 12%Experience 11 6% 3 7% 8 8% 0 0%Involvement in H&S 10 5% 0 0% 5 5% 5 10%Distance Learning 8 4% 3 7% 3 3% 2 4%Professional association membership 6 3% 1 2% 5 5% 0 0%NZIM 4 2% 0 0% 4 4% 0 0%Inhouse training 4 2% 1 2% 2 2% 1 2%Unit standards 3 2% 0 0% 1 1% 2 4%Employer support, subsidies 2 1% 0 0% 2 2% 0 0%Enhance business 2 1% 1 2% 0 0% 1 2%NZISM 2 1% 0 0% 2 2% 0 0%Level 3, 4, 5 H&S representative training 2 1% 0 0% 2 2% 0 0%Coaching & mentoring 2 1% 0 0% 2 2% 0 0%First Aid training 2 1% 0 0% 0 0% 2 4%Short courses/refresher courses 2 1% 0 0% 1 1% 1 2%Other 6 3% 2 4% 4 4% 0 0%Move to AustraliaDiploma in construction managementJoin SiteSafe as a trainer/advisor/H&S professionalLevel 3 & 4 national certificateNZ Safety CouncilDiploma in H&S - Massey University Table 2.8

What benefits do you think having someone trained in construction H&S at supervisor level adds to a construction business?

No. of Mentions

% of mentions


% of mentions

H&S Professionals

% of mentions


Increased productivity,profitability/cost effective/competitive advantage 114 31% 43 37% 41 28% 30 29%Safe environment & culture/less accidents/minimised risks/reduced ACC levies 107 29% 40 34% 33 23% 34 33%Happier work environment/employee participation, satisfaction/staff retention 45 12% 10 9% 23 16% 12 12%Increased client satisfaction/enhanced reputation 23 6% 6 5% 12 8% 5 5%Recognition 10 3% 5 4% 3 2% 2 2%Increased possibilities of winning a tender 9 2% 0 0% 5 3% 4 4%Good teamwork 9 2% 2 2% 5 3% 2 2%Best practice 8 2% 3 3% 5 3% 0 0%Leadership 7 2% 0 0% 5 3% 2 2%Personal & professional development 5 1% 1 1% 2 1% 2 2%Minimise risk of legal prosecution 5 1% 2 2% 1 1% 2 2%Minimise liabilities 5 1% 1 1% 1 1% 3 3%Hazard identification & control 4 1% 1 1% 0 0% 3 3%Communication 4 1% 2 2% 2 1% 0 0%Compliance 4 1% 0 0% 2 1% 2 2%Quality 3 1% 1 1% 2 1% 0 0%Less stress 2 1% 0 0% 2 1% 0 0%Consistency across sites 2 1% 0 0% 2 1% 0 0%


3. Industry Training and Qualifications 3.0 Summary: Industry Training and Qualifications

The following highlights were recorded during the analysis of feedback on Industry Training and Qualifications:

> Short courses meet task need, but formal qualification-based learning is best suited to those developing their careers (through building blocks), or experts in their field (full qualification learning)

• Responses unanimously identified that short courses are best suited to workers and to some extent, trades people.

• Building block learning through short courses which eventuates in a formal qualification best suit those developing their career, and employers – this reduces extended periods of time away from the business.

• Experts benefit most from learning that eventuates directly in a full qualification.

> Overall, all workbook groups agree that the level of understanding required increases as a worker

progresses in career

• Health and Safety Professionals are depicted as the worker group requiring the highest level of understanding, predominantly at a tertiary level.

• There is some disagreement as to whether some topics are even relevant for workers – groups couldn’t decide on a nil or basic level of understanding required for topics such as Audit and Site Safety Planning.

• The employer role’s level of knowledge required provided the greatest challenge to the Employer and HSIP Grads groups.

• Twelve extra topics were added to the Specific Hazard Management topics category – the largest number of responses going to Confined Spaces.

• Other safety related topics caused the greatest variances in opinion from respondents. Additional topics added to this category included effective communication and wellness.

> While HSIP Graduates and Procurers are amalgamated into the overall results, their particular

perspectives are reviewed separately within their own sections

• HSIP Grads are discussed separately in Section 7.

• Procurers are discussed separately in Section 8.


3.1 Introduction Information around construction Health and Safety training and qualifications was collected from all workers across all three workbooks plus the workbooks from HSIP Graduates and Procurers. It aimed to identify: > What was considered to be the best way for training to be delivered for different groups of

workers;

> What level of knowledge should each type of worker have for differing topics (general topics, specific hazard management topics and other safety related topics?

All participants in the consultation forums completed the section on Industry Training and Qualifications and in total, 381 individual workbooks along with a further 85 group workbooks were completed for the three main groups as well as 42 individual workbooks from the HSIP Graduates and 8 group workbooks from the Procurers. 3.2 Training and Qualification delivery All respondents were asked to consider how training and qualifications should be delivered for differing groups of people; namely workers1, trades people, supervisors, specialist Health and Safety supervisors, Health and Safety professionals and employers. Short courses When considering who short courses would benefit the most, all respondents unanimously identified that workers would benefit the most from short course learning (see yellow shading in figure 3.21). Additionally and to a lesser extent, trades people were also identified for short course learning. Similarly, it was agreed that short course learning is least beneficial to specialist Health and Safety supervisors and Health and Safety professionals (see pink shading in figure 3.21).

Figure 3.21: Short course learning

Training leading to a full qualification When asked to consider training courses that could lead to a full qualification, respondents identified trades people, supervisors and employers as those most likely to benefit. This suggests that those on a career development path recognise the benefit of courses that lead to a qualification. Similarly employers also value this style of training. Health and Safety professionals were identified as the group of workers least likely to benefit from training courses that lead to a full qualification (see figure 3.22).

1 In this instance “workers” are specifically identified as those who have no formal qualifications.


Figure 3.22: Training courses that lead to a full qualification

Full Qualifications Full qualifications are overwhelmingly considered to be beneficial to those categories of workers deemed to be experts; namely specialist Health and Safety supervisors and Health and Safety professionals (see area shaded yellow in figure 3.33). Conversely, workers and trades people are considered the worker types least likely to benefit from a full qualification in construction Health and Safety (see pink shaded area in figure 3.33).

Figure 3.23: Full qualification learning

Essentially the feedback suggests (and reflects feedback received in other questions) that short courses meet task need and that they are best undertaken by those focusing on tasks – i.e. workers and trades people. Where wider knowledge and thinking are a greater component of the job and where responsibilities increase, training that leads to a full qualification (bite-sized learning blocks), is more appropriate and provides a level of evidence of expertise. This suits employer needs particularly as being away from the business for consistent of extended periods of time may not be practical – many employers anecdotally referenced this during the consultation forums. Experts are most likely to benefit from learning that eventuates directly in a full qualification. 3.3 Levels of knowledge Respondents were asked to complete a series of grids that sought to identify the perceived level of knowledge that differing workers needed to have in three categories; general Health and Safety topics, specific hazard management topics and other safety related topics. Respondents had to choose from a scale that ranged from needing to have no knowledge (not relevant for this category of worker) through to Advanced Plus knowledge. To support a better understanding, the scale included both a descriptive training level and an equivalent level within the NZQA framework (level 1 to level 7 and above) – see figure 3.31.


Training level Level equates to N = Nil not relevant for this employment category B = Basic final years at secondary school (levels 1 & 2) B+ = Basic basic industry knowledge (level 3) I = Intermediate most trade level national certificates (level 4) A = Advanced higher national certificate and diploma level (level 5 & 6) A+ = Advanced + graduate level (level 7 and above)

Figure 3.31: Training level scale

General Health and Safety topics Overall responses When viewed from an overall perspective (i.e. an amalgamation of all five workbook responses), it was interesting to note the emerging pattern as seen in the figure 3.32 below.

Figure 3.32: General Health and Safety topics – levels of understanding overall


It appears not to matter whether the topic warranted a nil, basic or basic plus training level for the worker; the training levels for the five other roles follow suit for all topics with the Health and Safety Professional seen as having/requiring the highest level of understanding followed by the specialist Health and Safety supervisor. In most cases the supervisor and employer are seen to require an intermediate level of understanding. The lighter shading highlighted those levels where responses were similar in number suggesting there was some indecision between levels. The two topics wielding the most indecision were Audit and Site Specific safety planning where the respondents could not agree on whether the worker required nil or basic training in these subjects. All overall responses including any additional topics added can be seen in Table 3.1 at the end of this section. Individual workbook group responses

When the individual topics were broken down to reveal individual workbook group responses, it was interesting to see the differences of opinion. Hazard identification and control (see figure 3.33) emphasises the variance of opinion by Employers and HSIP Grads when it comes to deciding the level of understanding that employers should have. While both groups ultimately agree that an intermediate level is appropriate, they are not so resolute in their decision as the other groups.

Figure 3.33: Hazard identification and control –individual group levels of understanding


To take another example of where the differing opinions originated, risk management is depicted in figure 3.34. While the overall group (figure 3.32) highlighted that there were those that felt risk management was not relevant for the worker role, there were a significant number of respondents in HSIP Grads who felt this.

Figure 3.34: Risk management –individual group levels of understanding

Specific Hazard Management topics

As with General Health and Safety Topics above, a pattern became apparent from the overall perspective. While there is some blurring of the lines in relation to a few of the topics, on the whole the combined responses are fairly conclusive when it comes to where respondents see the training levels for the various roles (see figure 3.35). Twelve additional topics were offered as extras to this category. They are confined spaces, electrical, equipment selection and maintenance, harnesses, hotwork, isolation, ladders, mobile and mechanical plant, motor, permit to work, power tools and roading. All responses including the above additional topics can be found in Table 3.2 at the end of this section.


Figure 3.35: Specific Hazard Management topics – levels of understanding overall

Other Safety related topics In the overall view of other safety related topics below, there appears to be some marked differences of opinion about the level of training required for these more behavioural-oriented competencies as indicated by the pale shaded areas (see figure 3.36). There is less of a difference in the training level required for the Specialist Health and Safety Supervisor, Health and Safety Professional and Employer roles suggesting that perhaps these three roles could be targeted for a similar level of course


Figure 3.36: Other Safety related topics – levels of understanding overall

Full responses including extra topics can be found in table 3.3 at the end of the section. Additional topics added by the various groups for all three categories are included in the tables at the end of the section. Additions of note include:

> First Aid – in the General Health and Safety category;

> Confined Spaces – in the Specific Hazards Management category;

> Effective Communication - in the Other Safety Related Topics category


Table 3.1

Section Topic Score Worker Trades-person Supervisor Specialist H&S Supervisor

H&S Professional Employer Grand Total

General Health Accident &incident N 23 4 27& Safety Topics investigation & B 71 41 2 3 117

reporting B+ 33 43 21 3 18 118I 3 41 64 17 1 58 184A 2 3 40 74 31 51 201

A+ 6 39 101 12 158Audit N 81 43 5 1 1 131

B 33 38 20 6 97B+ 16 26 27 5 25 99I 1 25 54 18 2 46 146A 1 1 26 78 27 48 181

A+ 1 31 104 15 151Emergency N 32 8 1 41planning B 61 46 7 1 1 4 120

B+ 30 38 21 5 1 23 118I 4 35 61 18 4 48 170A 5 6 37 79 30 51 208

A+ 6 30 97 15 148Hazard N 1 1identification & B 50 13 1 3 67control B+ 67 49 10 1 25 152

I 7 62 68 15 2 59 213A 6 8 46 75 28 43 206

A+ 1 1 8 42 103 12 167Legislation N 27 2 29

B 70 32 5 2 109B+ 35 63 27 3 25 153I 35 75 22 1 65 198A 1 25 79 28 34 167

A+ 1 29 104 16 150Risk management N 25 4 29

B 56 29 3 1 1 3 93B+ 43 50 20 4 1 23 141I 4 43 64 19 4 45 179A 4 7 41 77 24 55 208

A+ 6 33 104 18 161Site specific safety N 49 14 63planning B 44 28 3 2 77

B+ 32 44 24 2 23 125I 3 41 62 24 3 55 188A 3 5 38 68 31 50 195

A+ 6 39 99 11 155Environmental N 1 1management B 1 1

B+ 1 1I 1 1 2A 1 1

A+ 0First Aid N 0

B 2 2 1 1 1 1 8B+ 1 1I 1 2 3A 2 1 1 4

A+ 0Health & Safety N 1 1training inhouse B 1 1

B+ 1 1I 1 1A 1 1

A+ 1 1Notifiable Work N 0

B 1 1B+ 1 1I 1 1 1 3A 1 1

A+ 0


Table 3.1 continued



General Health Permit to work N 0& Safety Topics B 2 2 4continued B+ 1 1

I 1 1 1 2 5A 1 1 2 4

A+ 1 1Contractor / N 0subcontractor B 3 1 4management B+ 2 2

I 3 1 1 4A 1 2 3

A+ 1 3 4Task analysis B 1 1 2

B+ 1 1 2I 1 1A 1 1


Table 3.2



Specific Hazard Cranes, lifting N 5 2 7Management appliances & B 51 15 3 1 2 7 79Topics rigging B+ 57 48 17 8 4 41 175

I 14 55 70 21 7 53 220A 4 11 35 71 40 33 194

A+ 1 1 6 30 78 6 122Demolition N 4 1 5

B 46 13 1 1 4 65B+ 64 44 13 6 4 38 169I 14 65 76 25 8 60 248A 3 8 36 71 38 33 189

A+ 1 1 5 29 80 5 121Excavations N 4 1 5

B 49 13 1 8 71B+ 69 54 14 4 4 30 175I 8 59 77 21 3 59 227A 2 5 35 73 38 34 187

A+ 4 33 86 9 132Falsework N 8 2 1 1 1 2 15

B 53 11 1 1 6 72B+ 62 49 18 8 6 38 181I 6 65 76 21 7 60 235A 3 5 31 74 40 30 183

A+ 4 26 77 4 111Hazardous & N 3 3toxic substances B 47 18 2 5 72

B+ 62 47 14 3 1 36 163I 14 58 73 19 6 60 230A 5 8 37 74 43 33 200

A+ 1 1 5 35 81 6 129Plant N 4 4

B 57 13 2 9 81B+ 58 53 15 6 6 35 173I 9 59 77 21 7 59 232A 2 5 32 75 39 30 183

A+ 1 1 4 28 78 6 118Scaffolding N 2 1 3

B 47 11 2 1 5 66B+ 68 50 18 5 4 40 185I 13 61 71 21 3 56 225A 2 9 35 73 41 32 192

A+ 5 31 83 7 126Working at height N 2 2

B 34 11 3 2 1 8 59B+ 70 48 12 2 2 35 169I 21 63 72 20 6 63 245A 4 9 39 74 41 27 194

` A+ 1 1 5 33 81 8 129Confined Spaces N 0

B 0B+ 3 1 1 2 7I 3 5 3 11A 5 3 4 6 18

A+ 3 2 5Electrical N 0

B 3 2 2 7B+ 3 1 1 1 1 1 8I 3 3 1 4 11A 1 1 2 4 3 2 13

A+ 1 1 3 5Equipment N 0selection & B 0maintenance B+ 1 1

I 1 1 2A 1 1 2

A+ 1 1 2


Table 3.2 continued



Specific Hazard Harnesses N 0Management B 1 1 2Topics B+ 0continued I 1 1 2

A 1 1A+ 1 1

Hot work N 0B 1 1 2

B+ 1 1 1 2 5I 2 2 1 2 7A 1 1 1 2 5

A+ 1 1 2Isolation N 0

B 0B+ 1 1 2I 1 2 3A 1 1 2

A+ 0Ladders N 0

B 1 1 2B+ 0I 1 1 2A 1 1

A+ 1 1Mobile & N 2 2 0Mechanical Plant B 2 2 4

B+ 0I 2 2 4A 2 2

A+ 2 2Motor N 0

B 0B+ 0I 1 1 1 3A 1 2 3

A+ 1 1Permit to work N 0

B 0B+ 1 1I 1 1 2A 1 2 3

A+ 1 1Power Tools N 0

B 1 1 2B+ 0I 1 1 2A 1 1

A+ 1 1Roading N 0

B 0B+ 0I 1 1A 1 1 2

A+ 1 1 1 3


Table 3.3

Section Topic Score Worker Trades-person SupervisorSpecialist H&S

Supervisor H&S Professional Employer Grand TotalOther Safety Adult learning N 53 16 4 3 3 3 82Related Topics principles B 56 44 7 1 2 3 113

B+ 18 44 28 7 5 16 118I 2 25 64 39 13 50 193A 26 61 48 34 169

A+ 18 57 31 106Coaching & N 64 11 1 1 1 1 79mentoring B 51 40 2 1 2 6 102

B+ 11 49 26 5 1 10 102I 2 27 70 37 15 51 202A 1 2 29 68 52 39 191

A+ 1 1 2 18 58 31 111Relationship N 38 11 2 1 2 2 56management B 71 49 3 3 3 4 133

B+ 18 48 29 8 1 10 114I 2 21 72 42 17 45 199A 21 59 51 43 174

A+ 2 16 55 33 106Safety & business N 33 9 2 44productivity B 64 33 2 2 2 2 105

B+ 25 51 24 4 2 9 115I 6 32 63 27 8 31 167A 1 4 34 77 52 52 220

A+ 4 19 64 43 130Collaborative N 0working B 0

B+ 0I 1 1 2A 1 1 2

A+ 1 2 3Drugs and alcohol N 0

B 0B+ 0I 0A 1 1 2

A+ 1 1 1 2 5Effective N 0Communication B 1 1

B+ 2 2I 3 1 4A 1 2 3

A+ 1 1 3 2 6QMS N 0

B 1 1 2B+ 1 1I 1 2 3A 1 1

A+ 0Situational N 1 1awareness B 0

B+ 2 1 3I 1 2 3 6A 2 2 1 5

A+ 0Leadership N 0

B 1 1 2B+ 0I 1 1 2A 1 1

A+ 1 1Team Building N 0

B 1 1B+ 0I 1 1A 1 1 2

A+ 1 1 2


Table 3.3 continued

Section Topic Score Worker Trades-person SupervisorSpecialist H&S

Supervisor H&S Professional Employer Grand TotalOther Safety Wellness & N 0Related Topics impact of injuries B 1 1 2continued B+ 0

I 1 1 1 1 4A 1 1 2

A+ 1 2 2 4


Table 3.4

Section Topic Score Worker Trades-person

Supervisor Specialist H&S Supervisor


General Health Accident & incident N 4 4and Safety investigation & B 15 8 23Topics reporting B+ 9 12 3 2 26

I 1 8 16 3 14 42A 1 7 18 4 11 41A+ 3 8 25 2 38

Audit N 18 8 26B 6 8 2 16B+ 5 7 6 1 3 22I 6 15 1 14 36A 6 19 5 8 38A+ 8 24 3 35

Emergency N 6 3 9planning B 12 6 18

B+ 10 7 3 1 4 25I 12 13 1 13 39A 1 1 11 18 5 8 44A+ 2 9 24 3 38

Hazard identification N 0& control B 4 1 5

B+ 23 11 1 3 38I 16 16 3 1 14 50A 1 1 8 17 4 8 39A+ 1 1 4 9 24 3 42

Legislation N 3 3B 13 2 1 16B+ 13 14 3 4 34I 12 17 3 1 15 48A 1 8 18 3 7 37A+ 1 8 25 2 36

Risk management N 4 4B 8 5 13B+ 15 11 3 3 32I 1 12 16 3 1 13 46A 1 1 8 19 3 11 43A+ 2 7 25 2 36

Site specific safety N 11 1 12planning B 8 5 13

B+ 9 14 4 2 29I 1 9 13 2 16 41A 10 18 4 8 40A+ 2 9 25 2 38

First Aid N 0B 0B+ 1 1 2I 1 1 2A 1 1A+ 1 1

Specific Hazard Cranes, lifting N 0Management appliances & rigging B 6 1 7Topics B+ 14 6 2 1 1 7 31

I 8 16 16 3 1 13 57A 5 9 16 6 7 43A+ 1 8 20 1 30

Demolition N 1 1B 5 1 6B+ 17 7 1 8 33I 5 17 15 2 11 50A 3 11 18 5 8 45A+ 1 8 23 1 33

Excavations N 0B 11 11B+ 16 13 1 7 37I 1 15 17 2 11 46A 10 19 6 9 44A+ 7 22 1 30


Table 3.4 continued




Specific Hazard Falsework N 0Management B 13 1 14Topics B+ 13 10 1 2 1 6 33continued I 2 18 19 2 2 12 55

A 8 19 4 8 39A+ 5 21 1 27

Hazardous & toxic N 0substances B 5 6

B+ 16 9 1 7 33I 6 17 15 2 11 51A 1 2 12 15 6 7 43A+ 11 22 2 35

Plant N 1 1B 8 1 9B+ 16 9 2 8 35I 3 18 17 3 11 52A 1 9 18 7 7 42A+ 7 21 1 29

Scaffolding N 0B 6 6B+ 17 9 2 9 37I 5 17 16 3 10 51A 2 10 18 6 8 44A+ 7 22 1 30

Working at height N 0B 3 2 4B+ 18 9 1 7 35I 7 17 17 3 1 12 57A 2 10 17 8 7 44A+ 8 19 1 28

Other Safety Adult learning N 14 2 2 2 2 2 24Related Topics principles B 10 10 1 21

B+ 4 13 5 1 3 26I 3 17 7 2 8 37A 3 15 12 12 42A+ 3 12 2 17

Coaching & N 14 1 15mentoring B 12 8 2 22

B+ 1 14 4 1 1 21I 4 18 5 2 9 38A 4 18 13 11 46A+ 1 1 2 4 13 4 25

Relationship N 7 1 1 9management B 18 10 1 1 30

B+ 3 13 6 2 24I 4 18 8 3 9 42A 2 16 11 11 40A+ 2 3 13 4 22

Safety & business N 8 8productivity B 12 5 17

B+ 7 17 3 1 28I 1 5 19 4 9 38A 1 5 21 14 12 53A+ 1 3 14 5 23

Communication N 0B 0B+ 1 1I 1 1A 0A+ 1 1 1 1 4


Table 3.5

Section Topic Score WorkerTrades-person Supervisor

Specialist H&S Supervisor H&S Professional Employer Grand Total

General Health Accident & incident N 2 1 3and Safety investigation & B 21 14 1 36Topics reporting B+ 4 6 5 3 18

I 6 14 4 1 11 36A 8 18 8 11 45

A+ 5 18 1 24Audit N 14 8 2 24

B 11 10 4 2 27B+ 2 6 5 1 4 18I 3 12 3 1 10 29A 3 18 7 11 39

A+ 1 5 19 25Emergency planning N 5 1 6

B 16 17 2 2 37B+ 6 6 3 1 1 17I 2 14 3 1 12 32A 1 7 18 7 11 44

A+ 1 5 19 1 26Hazard identification N 0& control B 14 6 20

B+ 11 10 2 6 29I 2 9 17 3 15 46A 2 8 18 8 6 42

A+ 6 19 25Legislation N 2 1 3

B 19 7 26B+ 6 13 3 5 27I 6 20 3 14 43A 4 18 6 8 36

A+ 6 21 27Risk management N 4 1 5

B 17 11 1 1 30B+ 5 8 5 2 1 2 23I 6 13 4 1 7 31A 1 8 14 6 16 45

A+ 7 19 1 27Site specific safety N 9 5 14planning B 11 5 1 17

B+ 6 12 4 4 26I 4 14 6 1 8 33A 1 9 14 7 14 45

A+ 7 19 26Contractor & N 0Subcontractor B 2 2management B+ 1 1

I 1 1 3A 1 2 2

A+ 2 2 4First Aid N 0

B 2 2 1 1 1 1 8B+ 0I 1 1A 1 1 1 3

A+ 0Task analysis N 0

B 1 1 2B+ 1 1 2I 1 1A 1 1

A+ 0


Table 3.5 continued



Specific Hazard Cranes, lifting N 1 1 2Management appliances & rigging B 9 5 3 17Topics B+ 12 10 5 3 3 9 42

I 3 10 15 6 3 11 48A 1 6 15 9 4 35

A+ 1 1 1 3 12 18Demolition N 2 1 3

B 9 5 1 15B+ 10 10 4 3 4 11 42I 5 10 16 6 2 11 50A 6 15 9 4 34

A+ 1 1 1 3 12 18Excavations N 1 1

B 8 6 4 18B+ 15 10 3 2 3 8 41I 2 9 16 6 1 11 45A 1 2 7 16 9 4 39

A+ 1 3 14 18Falsework N 2 1 3

B 8 6 2 16B+ 13 7 5 3 4 9 41I 2 12 14 6 2 12 48A 2 1 7 15 8 4 37

A+ 1 3 13 17Hazardous & toxic N 1 1substances B 10 8 1 19

B+ 11 8 3 1 1 10 34I 2 9 17 7 4 12 51A 2 1 6 15 9 4 37

A+ 1 1 1 4 13 20Plant N 1 1

B 12 7 3 22B+ 11 10 4 3 4 8 40I 2 9 17 5 1 12 46A 5 16 9 4 34

A+ 1 1 1 3 13 19Scaffolding N 0

B 10 6 2 18B+ 13 7 4 2 2 9 37I 3 11 14 6 2 11 47A 1 3 7 15 9 5 40

A+ 2 4 14 20Working at height N 0

B 8 5 1 14B+ 12 10 3 1 2 10 38I 6 10 16 7 2 12 53A 1 2 7 17 10 4 41

A+ 1 2 13 16Confined Spaces N 0

B 0B+ 1 1I 1 1A 1 1 1 1 4

A+ 0Electrical N 0

B 1 1 3B+ 1 1I 1 1 2 4A 1 1 1 2 1 1 7

A+ 1 1 2 4Harnesses N 0

B 1 1 2B+ 0I 1 1 2A 1 1

A+ 1 1


Table 3.5 continued



Specific Hazard Ladders N 0Management B 1 1 2Topics B+ 0continued I 1 1 2

A 1 1A+ 1 1

Mechanical & N 0Mobile Plant B 2 2 4

B+I 2 2 4A 2 2

A+ 2 2Power Tools N 0

B 1 1 2B+ 0I 1 1 2A 1 1

A+ 1 1Roading N 0

BB+I 1 1A 1 1 2

A+ 1 1 1 3Other Safety Adult learning N 12 7 19Related Topics principles B 11 8 1 2 22

B+ 4 7 6 2 1 2 22I 5 13 11 4 11 44A 7 11 11 6 35

A+ 3 11 6 20Coaching & N 12 5 17mentoring B 13 11 2 25

B+ 3 7 6 1 2 19I 5 15 11 4 10 45A 7 14 12 8 41

A+ 2 12 6 20Relationship N 12 5 17management B 12 13 3 28

B+ 3 5 7 1 16I 4 13 11 4 7 39A 7 13 11 10 41

A+ 2 12 7 21Safety & business N 8 4 1 13productivity B 14 9 1 24

B+ 4 8 6 2 20I 1 5 11 8 3 6 34A 1 8 14 12 9 44

A+ 1 3 12 11 27Effective N 0Communication B 1 1

B+ 0I 1 1A 1 1 2

A+ 1 1 2Leadership N 0

B 1 1 2B+ 0I 1 1 2A 1 1

A+ 1 1Team Building N 0

B 1 1B+ 0I 1 1A 1 1 2

A+ 1 1 2


Table 3.6



H&S Professional

Employer Grand Total

General Health Accident & incident N 6 1 7and Safety investigation & B 13 8 21Topics reporting B+ 7 8 5 1 6 27

I 9 12 3 14 38A 9 12 5 4 30

A+ 10 21 2 33Audit N 22 13 1 1 1 38

B 3 5 9 2 19B+ 1 4 5 1 8 19I 4 7 4 1 5 21A 4 14 4 6 28

A+ 6 21 4 31Emergency planning N 7 1 1 9

B 15 10 1 1 1 28B+ 2 8 6 1 1 9 27I 2 7 11 6 2 7 35A 7 13 4 8 32

A+ 5 18 2 25Hazard identification N 0& control B 15 3 1 19

B+ 9 7 2 6 24I 1 15 13 3 1 11 44A 1 1 10 13 4 6 35

A+ 1 10 21 2 34Legislation N 9 9

B 15 9 2 26B+ 2 11 7 1 8 29I 6 13 4 12 35A 4 16 6 3 29

A+ 5 20 3 28Risk management N 4 4

B 12 5 1 1 19B+ 10 8 1 6 25I 12 15 4 1 10 42A 1 9 15 3 7 35

A+ 1 6 21 3 31Site specific safety N 9 3 12planning B 10 6 1 17

B+ 6 8 4 8 26I 8 14 6 1 13 42A 1 1 6 12 3 3 26

A+ 1 8 22 2 33Specific Hazard Cranes, lifting N 2 1 3Management appliances & rigging B 14 4 2 1 2 2 25Topics B+ 9 13 2 2 11 37

I 1 7 15 4 9 36A 1 5 13 9 3 31

A+ 1 5 14 20Demolition N 0

B 11 2 1 1 15B+ 12 10 2 1 7 32I 2 13 17 7 3 14 56A 1 1 5 12 7 3 29

A+ 1 5 14 20Excavations N 1 1

B 11 1 12B+ 14 15 3 6 38I 10 16 4 1 11 42A 1 5 13 5 5 29

A+ 1 8 19 2 30Falsework N 3 3

B 13 1 1 1 16B+ 10 13 3 10 36I 10 15 5 12 42A 2 6 14 10 2 34

A+ 1 5 15 21


Table 3.6 continued



H&S Professional


Specific Hazard Hazardous & toxic N 1 1Management substances B 11 4 15Topics B+ 10 11 5 1 9 36continued I 3 9 13 3 1 13 42

A 1 2 6 15 9 3 36A+ 1 6 15 22

Plant N 1 1B 12 2 14

B+ 12 14 2 1 9 38I 1 11 16 6 3 11 48A 1 6 14 8 3 32

A+ 1 5 13 19Scaffolding N 0

B 13 1 1 1 1 17B+ 13 13 4 8 38I 11 14 5 11 41A 1 5 13 9 2 30


B 7 1 8B+ 15 13 2 6 36I 2 12 15 4 1 16 50A 1 1 7 14 7 1 31

A+ 1 7 17 1 26Other Safety Adult learning N 8 1 1 10Related Topics principles B 11 11 2 1 25

B+ 5 6 4 1 1 2 19I 6 9 7 3 13 38A 8 13 8 6 35

A+ 3 11 3 17Coaching & N 16 16mentoring B 6 7 1 1 15

B+ 1 10 5 2 1 3 22I 1 6 11 8 4 13 43A 1 7 12 9 3 32

A+ 2 9 5 16Relationship N 6 2 1 1 10management B 14 10 2 1 1 28

B+ 4 8 5 4 1 4 26I 4 12 8 3 9 36A 4 9 11 6 30

A+ 2 7 5 14Safety & business N 5 1 1 7productivity B 10 6 1 17

B+ 8 8 2 2 20I 1 9 12 5 2 8 37A 9 16 9 9 43

A+ 3 12 5 20


SPECIFIC SECTIONS


4. Trade Specific Health and Safety 4.0 Summary: Trade Specific Health and Safety The following highlights were recorded during the analysis of feedback on trade specific construction Health and Safety: > Workers need a basic level of training in a range of trade specific skills

• Workers routinely identified that ‘all trades’ need to undertake trade specific construction Health and Safety training, suggesting that for most workers, a basic level of understanding for trade specific topics is needed. This training need is likely to increase as a worker specialises in a particular area of work.

• Specialist skills that were identified include: working at height, use of hazardous substances, confined spaces, trenches and excavations, demolition and explosives, working with gas, elevating work platforms, hot works, tilt panels and working with compressed air.

> Increasing responsibility drives the need for advanced training

• Feedback suggests that advanced trade specific construction Health and Safety training is likely to be undertaken when a worker has increased responsibility. An advancement of career, a change of role or increased supervisory responsibilities are the most likely reasons to undertake an advanced level of training.

• Increased site responsibilities (site specific requirements as a result of a job or condition of a contract), or increased compliance/legislative requirements are also likely drivers for advanced training.

> Training raises business and employee satisfaction

• Workers noted that having trades trained in specific construction Health and Safety tasks enables businesses to reduce unnecessary costs, increase profits and creates a safer and more satisfying work environment for employees.

4.1 Introduction Information about trade specific Health and Safety was collected using the Trades and Supervisors workbook only. Of those that identified their trade, the majority (76%) of respondents were either a carpenter/joiner or a builder. 78% of respondents identified themselves as being qualified in their role and 78% identified themselves as having worked in the construction industry for ten or more years. Questions for this section were prepared that would elicit information on:

> Trade specific construction Health and Safety topics (and the trades that could require training);

> When a worker might need to undertake more advanced trade specific training;

> Existing training and appropriate learning styles;

> The business benefits of having trained trades people.


In total, 154 individual Trades and Supervisor workbooks were completed and 32 group workbooks.

4.2 Trade Specific Health and Safety Topics The Trades and Supervisors group were asked to identify the trade specific Health and Safety topics or training that construction workers need to know about and which trades might need that training. A full range of responses can be seen in table 4.1. The trade specific topics were grouped into seven headings with a number of trades being recorded as a trade that might need this training. These headings are:

> Working at height;

> Hazardous substances;

> Hand/power tools;

> Confined spaces;

> Trenches/excavations;

> Heavy machinery;

> Lifting equipment.

All of the seven headings included responses that identified ‘all trades’ as needing training in that particular trade specific topic. This question did not ask workers to identify the depth of knowledge that would be needed from any specialist trade training therefore responses may indicate that for most workers, even a basic level of information is needed, which increases as a worker specialises in a particular area of work. The table over summarises the trades identified for training within each of the seven topic categories (figure 4.21).


Trade Specific Health and Safety topics

Trades impacted

Working at height 19% All trades Builders Roofers Carpenters Painters Window cleaners Plumbers

Electricians Scaffolders Plasterers Steelworkers Glaziers House movers Riggers

Hazardous substances 13% All trades Pre-casters Roofers Steel fabricators Demolition workers Builders Painters Carpenters Concrete cutters

Floor sanders Plumbers Spray painters Joiners Welders Landscapers Panel beaters Carpet layers

Hand/power tools 11% All trades Carpenters Frame & Truss workers

Heavy machinery/Lifting equipment

9% All trades Pre-casters Roofers Steel fabricators

Plant operator Carpenters Dogman

Confined spaces 8% All trades Steelworkers Electricians Plumbers

Air conditioning crew Drainlayers Digger drivers Water technicians

Trenches/excavations 8% All trades Plant operator Builders Carpenters

Drainlayers Plumbers Digger drivers Electricians

First aid 4% Electricians Plumbers

Other 29% Figure 4.21: Top seven categories of trade specific training, and trades likely to need this training

Almost a third of all responses to this question were categorised under ‘other’ and this includes a range of topics that were primarily identified as a training need for all trades (see figure 4.22). During analysis, a large proportion of these topics were considered to be more general in nature (such as traffic management, PPE, hazard identification and housekeeping). A few notable exceptions that were identified included topics such as demolition and explosives, working with gas, elevated work platforms, propellers on boats, hotworks, tilt panels and compressed air, which are more easily attributable to trade specific training needs.


Figure 4.22: Other “trade specific” training needs

4.3 Qualifications, training and learning styles Current trade specific training Trades and Supervisors were asked to identify how trade specific skills were being currently trained. The top three responses indicate that specialist trade skills are currently trained through on the job training, a variety of short courses and in house training (which are also likely to be short courses). Table 4.2 shows the full range of responses. The top three responses are:

> On the job (30%);

> Short training courses (26%);

> In house company training (24%).

These responses reflect the feedback provided on the current training style for supervisors. Specialist trade skills are trained through training courses that lead to a full qualification (14%) and full qualification (5%) however these were identified less frequently for specific trade training (see figure


4.31).

Figure 4.31: Current trade specific Health and Safety skills training

When asked whether the trade specific training available was adequate, the responses fell fairly evenly for yes and no – suggesting that there is no clear perspective either way. Advanced training Respondents were asked to consider when a worker might need to undertake more advanced trade specific construction H& S training. Table 4.2 shows a full range of responses. The overwhelming response was for as a result of career advancement, a change of role or increased supervisory responsibilities (44%) – see figure 4.32. Legislation/compliance (17%), new products (15%) and site specific requirements (13%) were also identified as reasons a worker might need to undertake more advanced trade specific construction Health and Safety training.

Figure 4.32: Reasons for advanced trade specific construction Health and Safety

Learning styles Respondents were asked to consider how trade specific training should occur, and what split of training should be theory and practical. Most workers reflected the findings for general construction Health and Safety and indicated a 50/50 split (28%), with a further 40% selecting options that place greater emphasis on practical training rather than theoretical training. When asked where trade specific construction Health and Safety training is best learned, the responses identified on the job learning for practical training and classroom learning for theory training (see table 4.3 at the end of the section).


4.4 Business benefits Trades and Supervisors were asked to identify the business benefits of having someone trained in managing a trade specific construction Health and Safety task. Table 4.2 shows a full range of responses. The top two responses are:

> Increased productivity, profitability, less accidents (lower levies) and reduced downtime (52%);

> Safe environment and culture (15%).

Figure 4.41: Business benefits of trained workers managing trade specific tasks

Essentially, responses indicate that having trades trained in specific construction Health and Safety tasks enables businesses to reduce costs and increase profits as well as creating a safer and more satisfying work environment for employees. This feedback is similar to that provided for having trained supervisors.


Table 4.1

Please list any trade specific health & safety topics or training that construction workers need to know about

No. of mentions

% of mentions

Trade

Working at Heights 39 19% All TradesBuildersRoofersCarpentersPaintersWindow cleanersPlumbersElectriciansScaffoldersPlasterersSteelworkersGlaziersHouse moversRiggers

Hazardous substances 26 13% All TradesPrecastersRoofersSteel fabricatorsDemolition workersBuildersPaintersCarpentersConcrete cuttersFloor sandersPlumbersSpray paintersJoinersWeldersLandscapersPanelbeatersCarpet layers

Hand and power tools 22 11% All TradesCarpentersFrame & Truss workers

Heavy machinery, Lifting equipment 19 9% All TradesPrecastersRoofersSteel fabricatorsPlant operatorCarpentersDogman

Confined Spaces 17 8% All TradesSteelworkersElectriciansPlumbersAirconditioning crewDrainlayersDigger driversWater technicians


Table 4.1 continued

Please list any trade specific health & safety topics or training that construction workers need to know about

No. of mentions

% of mentions

Trade

Trenches/Excavations 16 8% All TradesPlant operatorBuildersCarpentersDrainlayersPlumbersDigger driversElectricians

First Aid / CPR 8 4% ElectriciansPlumbers

Other: 61 29%Traffic management AllEnvironmental hazards AllSpecialist driving AllElectrical AllNotifiable work AllDemolition & Explosives AllWorking with Gases AllPublic Risk AllPPE AllHazard identification AllDangerous Goods AllGlazing AllElevating work platforms AllWorking with sharp objects Tiler, GlazierHousekeeping AllInduction course AllManual heavy lifting AllOverhead workloads AllFalling objects Scaffolders, RoofersPropellors on boats BoatbuildersAccident Reporting AllSafe working practices AllSite induction AllHotworks Welding, grindingTetanic boosters AllTilt panels Concrete constructionFastenings Builders, PlasterersCompressed Air AllWorking with new materials All


Table 4.2

When might a worker need to undertake more advanced trade specific construction health & safety training?

No. of mentions % of mentions

Career advancement, change of role, supervision 44 44%Legislation/compliance 17 17%New products/machinery/techniques 15 15%Site specific requirement 13 13%Post accident/near miss 9 9%Other - 3 3%(self employment, training/refresher course/induction)

What benefit do you think having workers trained in managing trade specific construction health & safety tasks adds to the business that you work for?

No. of mentions % of mentions

Increased productivity, profitability, less accidents (lower levies), reduced downtime 68 52%Safe environment and culture 20 15%Increased employee satisfaction and working conditions 11 8%Good teamwork, leadership and communication 9 7%Staff retention 3 2%Minimised liabilities 3 2%Enhanced reputation, quality 5 4%Other - 11 8%(compliance, reporting and record-keeping, professional development, increased possibility in winning a tender, confidence, environmental, transfer of knowledge)

Generally speaking, how are trade specific H&S skills currently being trained?


% of mentions

On the job 132 30%In house company training 107 24%Short training course 114 26%Training courses that lead to a qualification 61 14%Full qualification 24 5%Other 2 0%

Overall, is the trade specific construction H&S training that is available adequate?


% of mentions

Yes 79 52%No 72 48%


Table 4.3

For trade specific H&S training, approximately what % should be theory and what % should be practical?


% of mentions

Theory 90% Practical 10% 2 1%Theory 80% Practical 20% 2 1%Theory 70% Practical 30% 6 4%Theory 60% Practical 40% 15 10%Theory 50% Practical 50% 41 28%Theory 40% Practical 60% 25 17%Theory 30% Practical 70% 18 12%Theory 20% Practical 80% 16 11%Theory 10% Practical 90% 5 3%Other 19 13%

At a trade specific level, where do you feel that theory and practicaltraining is best learned Theory PracticalOn the job learning 71 146Classroom' learning 131 41Distance learning 11 1E-Learning 3 0Other 3 5



5. Health and Safety Professionals 5.0 Summary > The Health and Safety Professionals network is tight

• It was noted during the consultation phase that the same individuals appeared at more than one type of consultation forum – including the Site Safe Advisory Committee, regional forums and the Health and Safety Professionals specialist group – and that many individuals know each other.

> Regions drive engagement

• It was particularly notable within the Taranaki region where the presence of Shell Todd and the requirements that they have of contractors on site, appears to have raised the overall standard of construction Health and Safety.

• The regional consultation forum in Taranaki included the highest proportion of Health and Safety Professionals as a proportion of attendees and they all knew each other previously. This particular group represented 11% of all the Health and Safety Professionals that completed workbooks and most of those were members of the Taranaki Construction Focus Group.

> Succession planning training is not uniform

• Health and Safety Professionals indicated that they have a mixture of years of industry experience and formal qualifications.

• In line with other groups of workers, they indicated that construction Health and Safety training is well provided for at the lower end of the worker spectrum. However, those workers who are likely to benefit the most from a formal construction Health and Safety qualification are supervisors and specialist Health and Safety supervisors as it is likely that this form of training would suit their needs for succession planning.

5.1 Introduction The Health and Safety Professionals group was identified early in the process of the consultation as the group most like to steer the thinking about future Health and Safety qualifications. Given this assumption, the first group to engage in the consultation process was a group of invited Health and Safety Professionals from some of New Zealand’s larger companies. The ‘pilot’ group went through the question book in August (ahead of the main regional consultation forums in September and October), providing responses to the questions as well as guiding the flow of the workbooks which were then subsequently revised based on their comments. The pilot group provided significant insight into the construction industry which was consistently supported as the consultation forums moved ahead. Questions for the Health and Safety Professionals section were designed to elicit information on:

> The tasks that Health and Safety Professionals were most commonly responsible for;

> The existing qualifications that they were aware of that could meet their professional needs;

> Ways that Health and Safety Professionals keep their expertise current;


> Their career path. There were 106 individual workbooks completed by Health and Safety Professionals and 24 group workbooks. Respondents in this category included the pilot group in August 2008, participants in the regional general forums and participants from specialist groups such as the Hamilton Site Safe Liaison Group, Department of Labour and Site Safe Safety Advisors. Of the books completed, over half of the participants identified themselves as a Health and Safety advisor, consultant, manager or inspector. Other professionals included senior managers and trainers. 5.2 Job responsibilities Health and Safety Professionals were asked to record the tasks or areas that they were responsible for. This yielded a detailed and varied list but the key responsibilities recorded by respondents are: > Managing/assessing/coaching and mentoring of apprentices, trainees or trainers (31% of

responses);

> Development and delivery of company Health and Safety, risk management, legislative policies and systems (14% of responses);

> Audit (13% of responses).

Table 5.1 shows the full responses for this question. Essentially, respondents identified that their professional and industry expertise is used very much to guide company process around training, organisational systems and compliance (see figure 5.21).

Figure 5.21: Key Health and Safety responsibilities

Other responsibilities mentioned were somewhat more task focused, including: accident and incident investigation and reporting, and Health and Safety performance monitoring. This was balanced with some interesting feedback on a more ‘people focused’ suite of responsibilities including: creating a culture of safety, providing advice to managers, induction and working with external agencies. 5.3 Existing professional level qualifications Health and Safety Professionals were asked to identify construction Health and Safety training/qualifications that could meet their professional needs. The question did not differentiate between a Health and Safety Professional’s personal development needs and the needs of staff that they may be responsible for. The largest group of responses referred to Diplomas and Degrees from various NZ tertiary institutions (30% of all responses). The top four responses to this question are:


> Diplomas & degrees in Health and Safety and OSH (NZ - e.g. Massey, Otago)

> Site Safe

> NEBOSH / IOSH (UK)

> National certificates in Health and Safety and OSH (NZ) Full responses to this question can be found in table 5.2. Figure 5.31 below shows the top responses and the % of mentions each received.

Figure 5.31: Existing qualifications/training meeting Health and Safety Professionals needs

The BCITO qualifications/training represented 8% of the responses and appears to be a comparatively small proportion for this group. However, as with all the tables in this report that identify BCITO and National Certificate in H&S separately, these figures should be viewed as one group (i.e. 19% of mentions in figure 5.31 above). They have been deliberately shown separately so as to distinguish those respondents who specifically name BCITO as a separate qualification/training source from those who used the catch-all “National Certificate in H&S”. 5.4 Professional Development Health and Safety Professionals agree that formal qualifications are most appropriate for senior level workers (supervisors, specialist Health and Safety supervisors and, Health and Safety Professionals), with supervisors being identified predominantly for courses that could lead to formal qualifications. Continuing Professional Development (CPD) for Health and Safety Professionals is provided primarily through conferences, seminars and courses (22% of responses), and ongoing training (20% of responses). However, a range of other examples were given including membership of professional associations (12%), research (12%), and peer support (7%). A full range of responses can be found in table 5.3. When asked if the CPD meets their needs, it was generally agreed that it does – and that the industry itself is best placed to upskill its professionals and provide opportunities to “learn more about best practice” – however there were reservations that networks were only as good as the people within them and “if you are aware of the various network forums etc”. There was also reference to the need for “more focus on culture and less on regulations”. Health and Safety Professionals were asked if they belonged to any groups or associations and approximately half said that they did (see table 5.4). One of the most commonly cited ‘associations’ was Site Safe followed by NZISM. Enforcing the view that regions can drive engagement, the Taranaki Construction Focus Group and CAPENS Safety Strategic Group (Taranaki) were both mentioned, along with other regional groups for Waikato and Otago/Southland. Other responses were comparatively insignificant.


5.5 Career Path

As expected at this level within their industry, significant professional and industry experience has accumulated. Career paths for Health and Safety Professionals varied enormously and ranged from progression through an apprenticeship and then through the ranks to the role they currently held, to others who began by undertaking degree and then postgraduate education which progressively led them to more senior roles. A full range of responses can be found in table 5.5. Interestingly, there are a number of Health and Safety Professionals who began with completing an engineering degree and then progressed into Health and Safety. Equally, there were those started out in a Health and Safety role (undertaking Health and Safety training) who then specialised further into a more management role. Essentially, there appears to be no one path taken by Health and Safety Professionals to reach the position they are currently in.


Table 5.1

Please list all the tasks or areas you are responsible for as part of your job

No. of Mentions

% of Mentions

Managing/assessing/coaching & mentoring of apprentices, trainees or trainers 135 31%Development & delivery of company H&S, risk management, legislative policies, systems & reporting 59 14%Audit 56 13%Chairing / managing meetings 27 6%Managing reporting 16 4%HR tasks (including performance management, appraisals, dispute management and reward 15 3%Accident and incident investigations 14 3%Specific task training/supervision/mentoring 13 3%Monitoring of company H&S performance including subcontractors 12 3%Creating a culture of safety 10 2%Induction training 10 2%Administration and statistical analysis 9 2%Working with external agencies 7 2%Quality systems and assurance 7 2%Management / supervision 6 1%Job analysis 5 1%Advice to managers 5 1%

Other comments 30 7%Advising and Reinforcement Officer with the DoLAll aspects of H&SAwareness and air environmental monitoringClient H&S enquiriesClient managementCommunicationConsultancyCoordinator roleCustomer CareCustomised H&S training to suit client needsDeveloping internal customer knowledgeEngineering & rewriting of standardsEntire spectrum of OSHFirst point of contactFrom starting work with an organisation that has no system through to delivering national certificates in OSHImplement safety suppliesLobbying industry associationOrganise and issue PPEPermit to workProduct & programme developmentSafety presentationsWrite SSASSMP


Table 5.2

What existing qualifications/training in construction H&S (both in NZ and oversees) are you aware of that could meet your professional needs?

No. of Mentions

% of Mentions

Diplomas & degrees in H&S & OSH (NZ - eg Massey, Otago) 58 30%SiteSafe 34 18%NEBOSH / IOSH (UK) 29 15%National certificates in H&S & OSH (NZ) 22 11%BCITO 16 8%NZIM 6 3%Professional & trade association membership - training 5 3%First aid / St Johns 5 3%NZISM 4 2%On the job / experiential learning 4 2%Legislation 3 2%Other international training / qualifications (Australia, USA) 2 1%Short courses 2 1%Auditing 2 1%HSNO / Environmental awareness training 1 1%Equipment licences 1 1%


Table 5.3

How does a construction health & safety professional undertake continual professional development?

No. of Mentions % of Mentions

Conferences, seminars & courses 21 22%Training & Qualifications 19 20%Professional association membership 11 12%Research 11 12%Peer review/peer support 7 7%Refresher course (Site Safe CPD included) 6 6%Networking 5 5%Onsite project experience 4 4%Coaching and mentoring 3 3%Legislation updates 2 2%Basic reflective practice 1 1%Self study 1 1%Set goals 1 1%Toolbox talks 1 1%Supervision 1 1%

No. of Mentions

20

5

It is a start for the industry with the ability to expand and develop specific programmes and processesGap between national certificate & diploma - needs registered H&S practitioner course

Develop a continuing range of knowledge

No

Training courseAllows individualised CPDH&S systemsExperience

Emergency provinces driven (Oil and gas) - more proactiveOnly if available in local regionIf you want to get more knowledge or experience, it is available for youIndustry publications, legislation, operations & manuals

More focus on culture and less on regulationsAssociation membershipOnly because we saw a need and developed a committee for local H&S professionals in civil construction which we now open to general H&S professionals in all industriesResources

If you are aware of the various network forums, etcAll round knowledgeIndustry can now identify shortfalls and the contract training to suitLearn more about best practice

Generally speaking, does this meet the needs of construction health & safety professionals and if so, in what way?Yes

Covers all the bases and provides continuous learning for the individual


Table 5.4

Do you belong to any professional groups or associations for construction H&S either in NZ or overseas?

No. of Mentions

No 56Yes 47

If Yes, please list:

Site Safe 14NZISM 13CMIOSH (UK) 3Crane Association 1Taranaki Construction Focus Group 3Ergonomics Society 1EMA 2SARNZ 1Safety Council New Zealand 2Health & Safety Liaison Group Waikato 1International Institute of Risk & Safety Management 2Institute of Environmental Assessors and Managers 1International Society for Full Protection 1Leason Safety Community 1NZIM 1Capens Safety Strategic Group (Taranaki) 2NZCF H&S Committee 2HRINZ 1Otago Southland Levsen group - construction specific 1IPNANZ 1OHNA 1CMIOSH (UK) 1ACENZ 1LCGI 1MICM 1


Table 5.5

Please describe the career path/training that you have undertaken to reach your current position

«10 years experience as site manager; Working on site; Progress to supervisor role hands on; Further progression to supervisor ; 2 years experience as operations manager

« 15 year in Merchant Navy; Health and Safety inspector in UK; Member of IOSH, CMI, NZISM« 15 years Merchant Navy (senior officer); HSE inspector - UK« 20 years experience with DOL and Health & Safety

«20 years industry experience; Assessing and education; Trade qualifications level 5; Numeracy and literacy course

« 27 years in the trade« 30 years experience; Audit experience« 32 years industry experience; Qualification in management ; Various SiteSafe courses« 40 Years in the Civil Construction Industry, Ongoing training as available eg. SiteSafe« 46 years in construction industry in all phases of management

«5 years of manager experience; 5 years of Health & Safety consultant experience; Degrees (BSc, MSc); 15 years of site experience; Certificate in Health & Safety; NZQA courses

«Administrator; SiteSafe training; BCITO, HSIP; Lots of professional development courses; Year 2 Accounting Degree

«Adult Teaching Certificate; Health & Safety professional; Industrial Hygiene; Dupont Training; ILCI Auditing and training

« Apprenticeship; 25 years of experience in the trade« Apprenticeship; NZ trade certificate carpentry; Building Control officer

«Apprenticeship; Trade certificate; 23 years of experience; Safety learning in Queensland;Licensing in Queensland

«Attended various training courses; Auditing course (commencement of consulting role); Mangeament training (techincal institute); Registered Nurse; Supervisor skills; Human Resources

« Audit learning; Practical and technical courses; Experience

«Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Engineering; 15 years in an Insurance company; 8 years SiteSafe ; Many training courses

«Building supervisor; High school trade training; Apprenticeship training 4 years; Trade experience - leading hand - foreman; Building Manager; Director; Tutor

«Certificate in Health & Safety Massey University; Team Leader with Department of Labour; Health & Safety Inspector with Department of Labour

« Civil Engineering Degree; Site Engineer; Project Manager; Safety advisor« Civil Engineering Masters Degree« Construction Act training ; SiteSafe; Mechanical engineering; Cost engineering« Coordinator 7 years; Apprenticeship (filter turner); Tradesman 20 years; Supervisor 10 years

«Customer service; Military; Own company - Confined Spaces Training; Service Technician;Rescue/confined spaces

«DOL warranting training; Health & Safety consultant; Self employed owner of an excavation company; Extensive in-house training by employer; Trade apprenticeship;Supervisor for a foreign international company

« Emergency Services; Teacher; DOL Health & Safety

«Engineering associate; Engineering - Canterbury 2 years - registered; Trade - carpenter, joiner - advanced trade; Plant operation - civil; Written design criteria for safety structures for earth moving equipment - leading to an ISO; Expert for standards

« Ex-engineer« Experience; modern apprenticeship coordinator; Working on construction site

« Graduate diploma in OSH; Work for WCE, took over responsibility for HSE; Worked for Transfield Worley, Marsden Point Refinery; BA rch (Honors) Degree in Wellington; Worked for ACC

«Health & Safety coordinator and consultant; HR Assistant - training coordinator; Recruitment consultant; HR consultant; HR/Health and safety Advisor - HR systems


Table 5.5 continued


« HASNO Advisor; ACC auditor; Medical advisor for Drug and Alcohol free workplace qualification; NEBOSH; Occupational Health Diploma; Occupational Health Certificate; Occupational Health Nurse

« Health & Safety inspector 26 years; Safety advisor 11 years« Health & Safety management systems

«Health & Safety Representative; Leadership in Operations; Health regulations advisor; PCC Auditor Health & Safety

«Health & Safety Representative; New Zealand Army; Construction company; Health Safety and Injury Prevention Full time;National Certificate in Health & Safety Construction; SiteSafe advisor; SiteSafe certificate in construction; Diploma in OSH

«Health & Safety seminars ; Ongoing learning; Formal Health & Safety Diploma ; On the job training and experience; Relationship management courses; Management, coaching, training courses; Inhouse and external training in generic and specialist areas

« Health & Safety; Develop safety system for the company« Health & Safety inspector; Self employed; Apprenticeship;Trade certificate;Advanced trade certificate

«HR Recruiter; HR Degree with Massey University; On job training/ formal management courses with McDonald's systems; Own HR Consultant Company; Business franchise consultant; Currently HR Manager

« Inhouse training courses;Outside providers;SiteSafe courses

«Inhouse;Outside contract;social work;Hazard register development;Writing unit standards NZQA;Interest in the construction industry

« Industrial Engineering Certificate; Quality Society Australian certificate in Auditing« Industry training; Inhouse« Inhouse« Inhouse Health & Safety training; University Diploma

«Inspector training; Coaching and mentoring; On the job training and experience; NEBOSH Certificate;NEBOSH Diploma;Higher National Certificate in Business Studies

«Internal - legislation; Internal - Core modules; NEBOSH; Bachelor in Science - Industrial and organisational psychology; Internal - Health; Internal - Guarding; Internal - Construction; Internal - prosecution; Post Graduate Diploma in Business; Training -

« Internal training« Mainly practical experience and short courses

«Management qualifications UK and tertiary qualifications; Health & Safety via ESITO and UK standards for 20 years

« Manual handler assessor; NEBOSH Certificate Certificate;Facilities management

«Moderation certificate; Assessment certificate;Associate clerk of works ticket;Apprenticeship; Trade certificate; Advances trade NZCB stage three; SiteSafe certificate

« National certificate level 4; General Industry training and experience

«NEBOSH Certificate; NEBOSH Diploma;Health & Safety Advisor;Head of Safety;Masters Degree OSH;Management

« NEBOSH diploma degree; Health & Safety degree; NZQA ; National training civil passport

«NEBOSH Diploma;NZIM diploma in health and safety management;NZIM diploma in Health & Safety management Master classes

«New working with Health & Safety forum; Passion for human resources; Health & Safety representative training; Certificate in management

« None

«NZ certificate in carpentry; Advanced trade certificate in carpentry; NZ certificate in building;Diploma in occupational health and safety; Qualified audit 4801


Table 5.5 continued


«NZ or AUS 4801 auditing; CMIOSH (Chartered member institute occupational safety and health); NEBOSH general certificate; NEBOSH diploma; NEBOSH construction certificate

«NZIM Health & Safety diploma; Bachelor of resource management; experience with council; experience in environmental monitoring

« On going Coaching, Training, Mentoring

«Part time consultant Health & Safety management general industry;Part time post graduate diploma via Otago university;Health & Safety quality manager port Otago Ltd;Health & Safety manager Calder Slews Industries Ltd

« Past experience; Industry knowledge; QA work; Audit qualifications« Practical 30 years construction;Journey man fitter;Certified LT Welding;Farming 30 years« Pre trade certificate; Apprenticeship; Tradesman; Own business

«Project manager; Health & Safety site manager construction course; Health & Safety Construction course; Site manager construction site; Supervisor on construction site; Foreman construction site; Tradesman

« Qualified builder; Tutoring; Site Safe; 6 years teaching apprentices

«Ran own company (health and safety);Adult Education Qualifications; Inhouse Health & Safety training;All SiteSafe courses;Self driven research

« Registered nurse 1971; 20 Years in Health & Safety laboratory; DSIR ESR IEHFS - CES

«Residential Construction Manager; Land Development Manager; Residential Project Manager; Site Coordinator

« Rocky« Safety Representative; Safety observing NZQA Standards« Science University Degree; On the job training and experience

«Short courses - legislation and ACC investigation; Health & Safety representative; Traffic controller (transit); SiteSafe gold card; EMA Certificate in OCC Health & Safety management; First aid; Manual handling; Onsite experience

« SiteSafe construction in Safe Sites« SiteSafe courses« SiteSafe; Experienced « The school of hard knocks

«Trade background; Personal interest in safety; Studied Emergency management with EMANZ in private life

« Trade Certificate; Building Construction Passport; Advanced Passport (Workplace Safety)« Trade training« Tradesman to Health & Safety professional« Tradesman; Surveyor; Estimator; Manager; Project management; Safety advisor« Tradesperson; Lending hand; Safety union representative; Safety Manager

« Tutor qualifications; Carpentry advanced trade certificate; Joinery Apprentiship;Carpentry trade certificate;

« University - employment « University Graduate; Life Skills; Skippers ticket (CLM)« University training; External training« University; US NZQA; Trade; High school; Military« Work; Questions and answers; Training in industry; Passion

«Worked for first aid health monitoring co; Worked in administration many years; Worked for Health & Safety development company

« Architecture Degree/ BBSC« Experience; Practical time onsite & training« NZQA; BCITO; SiteSafe; Quality Assurance; Adult Education Learning; Health & Safety course


6. Employers 6.0 Summary > Compliance training is critical

• For Employers, understanding and being trained to deliver on their compliance obligations is critical. This is supported by the highest training need indicated for Employers as being Site Safe and external regulatory bodies/compliance training.

> Health and Safety communication and having formal policies mitigate Health and Safety risk

• Employers stated that communication in the form of toolbox talks or site meetings were a critical system in ensuring that Health and Safety risk is mitigated.

• Additionally, many noted that having formal company policies also supports the reduction of construction Health and Safety risk. What is not clear from the consultation is whether Employers do the ‘thinking’ to create their own policies and processes or whether they simply see having them satisfying their compliance responsibilities.

> Wider knowledge is lacking

• When asked how Employers integrate processes into their business, the most common response was through targeted consultation (toolbox talks and site meetings) followed by auditing and training. Beyond this, responses were varied and inconsistent.

• Comments submitted for this question suggest that Employers focus more on the ‘must haves’ and less on the wider knowledge of construction Health and Safety. This is supported by a number of Employers who remarked to forum facilitators that they had found the session interesting and that it highlighted their need to know more about construction Health and Safety.

6.1 Introduction The perspective of employers for construction Health and Safety is considered somewhat different to that of Trades and Supervisors because although many are self employed, the level of responsibility for managing contractors places greater emphasis on knowledge needs. During the consultation, Employers completed 121 individual workbooks and 29 group workbooks. The questions focusing on employers were designed to elicit information on:

> What employers need to know and how they gain this information;

> Identifying existing training or qualifications that meet employer needs;

> What systems employers use to mitigate Health and Safety risk and how are they integrated into the business?

Of those Employers that indicated their status, 84% identified themselves as self employed with around 70% identifying themselves as having a small business (defined within the workbook as having ten or fewer employees). Anecdotally, Employers advised the forum facilitators that their company consisted predominantly of them and maybe one or two others (and this often included an apprentice).


Employers were also asked to indicate which industry sector/s they worked in. The highest recording sectors were residential, followed by commercial and then maintenance. Civil, training and ‘other’ were indicated significantly fewer times suggesting that smaller construction companies appear to work mainly in the residential sector. 6.2 Health and Safety Knowledge and Learning When Employers were asked what they needed to know to meet their construction Health and Safety needs, the largest response was, unsurprisingly, legislation (40% of responses).

Figure 6.21: Current training for employers

The second and third most commonly cited were: company procedures (10% of responses) and Information sources (9%of responses). Essentially, the overriding needs for employers are accessing information and using it within their own company procedures. The issue of legislation indicates that this is a key driver for employers in ensuring that they meet their compliance obligations. Table 6.1 shows the full range of responses. Other factors indicated by Employers as things they needed to know include human resources (including coaching and mentoring) as well as a wide range of other issues - none of which stood out. When asked how Employers gain their knowledge, the responses were equally varied. The top five responses are:

> External private training providers;

> Regulatory bodies;

> Industry literature;

> Online;

> Conferences and seminars.

The most commonly mentioned was external private training providers (16% of responses), followed closely by regulatory bodies (13%), industry literature (12%), online/internet (11%) and conferences & seminars (10%). This range suggests that given the variety of employers who completed the workbooks, it appears that there is no “one size fits all” knowledge source providing guidance to employers. This is further supported by some of the other response to this question including one employer who indicated that they gain knowledge through prosecutions.


6.3 Existing employer level qualifications Employers were asked to list what types of training or qualifications exist to meet their needs as employers within the construction industry. Figure 6.31 shows that the top response to this question was Site Safe (23% of responses), followed by generic training/qualifications at 11% and external regulatory bodies/compliance with 9%. These responses suggest that whilst Employers acknowledge that training/qualifications exist, they are unable to specify what this might be other than Site Safe. BCITO training/qualifications registered only 5% of responses (rising to 7% when the HSIP qualification was specifically mentioned) - this is equal to the number of responses for First Aid. A full range of responses is shown in table 6.2.

Figure 6.31: Current training for employers

These responses suggest that for employers, meeting their mandatory requirements is most critical. A range of other generic training/qualifications topics were mentioned but very few specific qualifications, and none of the topics particularly stand out. These findings support comments made by many Employers to the forum facilitators that generally, completing the questions within the booklets during the consultation highlighted gaps in their knowledge with many indicating that they needed to ‘know more’. 6.4 Organisational systems and processes Employers were asked what processes they have introduced to mitigate construction Health and Safety risk and meet their responsibilities under the Health and Safety Act. The top three processes identified accounted for 43% of the total and these are:

> Staff Health and Safety meetings/ site meetings/toolbox talks communication;

> Company Health and Safety policy/procedures/reporting;

> Hazard & risk management.


The most popular response (18% of responses) was essentially around communication (staff Health and Safety meetings, toolbox talks). The second was to introduce a formal company Health and Safety policy, procedures and reporting (14%). The third most popular response was hazard risk and management at 11% of responses (see figure 6.41). Below this, there was a wide range of processes recorded by Employers but none stood out. Only 6% of responses specifically referred to audit, 5% to both accident and incident reporting, and First Aid/Fire Safety/Evacuation – however this is likely to have been implicitly included within a company Health and Safety policy. A full range of responses can be found in table 6.3.

Figure 6.41: Employer processes to mitigate Health and Safety risk

Employers were then asked how they integrate the processes into their business. The most popular response was through communication such as toolbox talks and site meetings (28% of responses). This echoes the prior question suggesting that employers recognise the value of communication as both something they should do and actually do. Interestingly, training features as the second highest along with auditing/monitoring and performing task analysis (15% of responses each). Training didn’t feature highly when Employers were asked to list the processes they relied on to mitigate risk, but it featured joint second when asked how they integrate processes into their business. A full range of responses can be found in table 6.4.

Figure 6.42: Integrating processes in to business

The wider range of “other” responses lacked consistency and include some more throw away comments such as “do it myself” and “look out for each other”. 6.5 Managing staff/contractor competencies Employers were asked to comment on how they ensure that staff and/or contractors are trained and competent to do their job safely. The responses were wide and varied with no one response standing out from the others.


The top six responses to this question are:

> Strong company Health and Safety procedures;

> Site meetings/toolbox talks;

> Encourage appropriate short courses and refreshers;

> Appropriate recruitment and qualification checks;

> Assessed (formal) training - BCITO and other trade qualifications;

> Auditing - sites and subcontractors.

The top response of having strong company Health and Safety procedures received 13% of all responses. Other responses included site meetings/tool box talks and short courses/refreshers both at 10%, followed closely by appropriate recruitment and qualification checks (9%) and assessed/formal training (8%). Additionally, there were other training responses including onsite training, specialised training, Site Safe training and training for the employer. This broad sweep of responses indicates that there are no defined ways of ensuring that staff and/or contractors are trained and that a variety of methods are used. A full range of responses can be found in table 6.5.


Table 6.1

What do Employers need to know to meet their construction health & safety needs?

No. of Mentions

% of Mentions

Legislation 37 40%Company procedures 9 10%Information sources 8 9%H&S systems 6 6%Awareness of H&S training 6 6%Human Resources 4 4%Hazard identification and control 3 3%New products / machinery / techniques 2 2%Coaching and mentoring 2 2%Risk management 2 2%Relationship with ACC and OSH (DoL) 2 2%

Other 12 13%First aid, literacy & numeracy, planning, PPE, reporting & record-keeping, auditing, communication, incident management, site specific requirements

How do Employers currently gain this knowledge? No. of Mentions

% of Mentions

External private training providers 15 16%Regulatory bodies 12 13%Industry literature 11 12%Online 10 11%Conferences & seminars 9 10%BCITO 6 6%Experience 5 5%Association membership 6 6%Networking 6 6%Inhouse training 3 3%ITOs 3 3%Site Safe 2 2%News 1 1%Prosecutions 1 1%Mediation 1 1%Site visits 1 1%Statistics 1 1%Health & Safety systems 1 1%


Table 6.2

What training (or qualifications) exist to meet the construction health & safety needs of someone running a business?

No. of Mentions

% of Mentions

Site Safe 22 23%Training 11 11%External private training providers 9 9%ACC 7 7%DoL (OSH) 7 7%Polytechnics 6 6%BCITO 5 5%First Aid 5 5%NZQA unit standards 5 5%Compliance 3 3%HSIP 2 2%Employer & Manufacturer's Association 2 2%

Other 13 13% - WMSP - Onsite training - Inductions - NEBOSH - Business management - Inhouse training - Electricity - Specialised - Switchyards training - Confined spaces - InfraTrain National Certificate - Working at heights - WSD


Table 6.3

Please list some of the key processes or systems that you have in your organisation to mitigate construction H&S risk, and meet your responsibilities under the H&S Act

No. of Mentions

% of Mentions

Staff H&S meeting / site meetings / toolbox talks / communication 67 18%Company H&S policy / procedures / reporting 54 14%Hazard & risk management 42 11%Audits / site assessments & inspections / observations 22 6%Accident & incident record keeping & reporting 20 5%First aid / Fire safety / Emergency & evacuation procedures 20 5%Training / Internal / External (BCITO = 4) 19 5%Site Safe (training, association) 18 5%Provide PPE & appropriate tools / equipment 16 4%Inductions (both company & site) 15 4%Site specific plans & training 13 3%Onsite training 12 3%General housekeeping at worksite 8 2%Leadership, management, supervision 8 2%Electrical safety protocol 7 2%Staff attend short courses and refreshers 4 1%

Other 29 8% - ACC tertiary compliance - ACC WSMP - Before you do it think - Business planning - Common sense - Driving licences - Drug & alcohol policy - Education - Enough workers to do the job - Coaching & mentoring - Independent H&S service provider - Insurance - Notifiable works - Pre tender selction of contractors - Ramset licence - Signage - Yearly testing of equipment - Workers to monitor H&S requirements themselves


Table 6.4

How do you integrate these processes/systems into your business? No. of Mentions

% of Mentions

Communication / toolbox talks / site meetings 52 28%Appropriate training (incl BCITO, Site Safe), inductions and refresher courses for staff 27 15%Auditing, checking, monitoring, performing task analysis 27 15%Company record keeping & reporting 15 8%Other 13 7%Formal (and informal) part of work schedule 9 5%Leadership / management / supervision 9 5%Hazard record keeping & reporting 8 4%Appraisal / performance management 5 3%Investment in good equipment and concept of safety 5 3%Situational awareness 3 2% - accreditation 1 1% - annual leave calendar on wall 1 1% - attitude - increased responsibility = increased wages 1 1% - do it myself 1 1% - hard to do, too fragmented and not totally reliable 1 1% - monthly prize for most H&S conscious employee 1 1% - look out for each other 1 1% - no blame policy 1 1% - regular medical training as per legislation 1 1% - time management 1 1% - use of technology for monitoring 1 1% - put business name on various databses to receive information on seminars 1 1% - this is a foolish question. Any successful businessman does this as a course. Most businesses in this industry are very small and cannot possible be expected to have exacting systems - these things just happen

1 1%


Table 6.5

How do you ensure that your staff/contractors are trained and competent to safely do their job?

No. of Mentions

% of Mentions

Strong company H&S procedures 26 13%Site meetings / toolbox talks 20 10%Encourage appropriate short courses and refreshers 20 10%Appropriate recruitment and qualification checks 19 9%Assessed (formal) training - BCITO and other trade qualifications 17 8%Auditing - sites and subcontractors 17 8%Site Safe 14 7%Observation 8 4%Performance management 7 3%Continuous assessment of competencies 6 3%Leadership / management / supervision 6 3%Coaching & mentoring 6 3%Hazard & risk management 6 3%On site training 6 3%Accurate record keeping & reporting 4 2%Appropriate specialised training 4 2%Inductions 4 2%

Other 18 9% - Training (incl. training for me and staff training matrix) - Skill based pays - Sole charge position - Private company employed to train employees - PPE - Must have common sense - Mandatory training requirements - Insurance, have a copy of insurance - Give demonstrations - First Aid - Experience - We have no way of assessing the ability of subcontractor safety practices. We only can supervise them on site and remove if they are a danger to our staff


7. HSIP GRADUATES 7.0 Summary: HSIP Graduates Anecdotally, one of the Wellington forum participants summed up his group’s thoughts on the HSIP qualification by comparing it to a “diamond in the rough” – the jewel was in there, it just required being cleaned up, shaped and polished. This was supported by the findings of the two forums held for graduates of the HSIP qualification – a summary of which is provided in bullet points below: > Existence of the HSIP qualification

• Stronger marketing required;

• Understanding the desire for the HSIP qualification will assist with marketing message;

> Clearly defining the expectations surrounding the HSIP qualification

• Managing expectations for the various employment categories;

• Introductory consultation required with the various employment categories;

> Reworking the structure

• Focus on language used;

• Clear, concise messages with no ambiguity;

• Logical sequencing and formatting;

> Content

• All three blocks of units satisfactory;

> Delivery

• The current delivery method needs to be reviewed, particularly when considering the various employment categories;

• BCITO Training Advisors involved with the HSIP qualification may require additional training;

> Industry Training/Qualifications – level of understanding

• HSIP Grads favour tertiary qualification for Health and Safety Professionals

While the topic of administration wasn’t covered in the booklets, it was mentioned more than once in the qualitative sections of the HSIP Graduates forum in Wellington. Improving administration procedures, reworking the structure for language and formatting – these are relative cosmetic changes. It appears from the findings that the main work required to extract the ‘diamond from the rough’ is around the level of qualification and the form that it is presented in. Demand opportunities do exist to tailor the qualification to suit the various employment categories.


7.1 Introduction An important outcome of the HSIP Qualification review was the input received from HSIP graduates. Two forums were held, one in Wellington and one in Auckland. Invitations were sent to non BCITO staff HSIP graduates from all around New Zealand to meet in Wellington. Fifteen graduates (hereafter referred to as “HSIP Grads”) from various years between 1999 and 2007, who had completed either the practical component (3) or the theory component (2) or both (management – 10), assembled in Wellington to provide their views on the HSIP programme. These graduates held a range of roles from a team leader at the NZ Oil Refinery to a self-employed Health and Safety professional consultant contracting to large construction companies. Another forum was set up in Auckland for those BCITO staff that had completed the qualification whether while employed BCITO or prior to joining the BCITO team (hereafter referred to as “BCITO staff”). Of those staff who submitted individual booklets, 21 completed the theory component only and 6 completed the full management qualification. This was an opportunity for honest and frank discussion to take place where graduates could offer feedback on the course they had completed and provide BCITO with constructive comments about all aspects of the HSIP qualification. All graduates, whether BCITO staff or HSIP Grads, completed the same booklets for both individual and group responses. In total, 42 individual booklets and 2 group responses (HSIP Grads) were recorded. 7.2 Marketing BCITO field staff contact and recommendation by employer were the two major ways that graduates heard about the qualification with 40% of HSIP Grads learning about the qualification from BCITO field staff and 52% of the BCITO staff being recommended to complete the qualification by their employer. In the HSIP Grads forum, the lack of marketing, particularly after the initial launch in 1999, was commented on by many of the forum attendees during the open discussion at the end of the day.

Figure 7.21: Marketing the HSIP

7.3 Why do the HSIP? Interestingly, the two forum groups had quite different reasons for doing the HSIP qualification with one exception. A snapshot is provided in figure 7.31 while table 7.2 at the end of the section has the full range of responses.


BCITO staff’s four main reasons for enrolling in the HSIP qualification are:

> Increased income (22%);

> Company requirement (22%);

> Personal desire for professional development (21%); and

> Career advancement (18%).

HSIP Grads however, strongly indicated that there were two main drivers behind their decision to do the qualification:

> Personal desire for learning/professional development (31%);

> Wanted a recognised/formal Health and Safety qualification (28%).

Figure 7.31: Reasons for doing the HSIP qualification

7.4 Expectations Both groups agreed that they were looking for the HSIP qualification to increase their overall understanding of construction Health and Safety (27% for HSIP Grads and 39% for BCITO staff) with the HSIP Grads showing more of a bias towards more practical, on the job solution expectations (see figure 7.41). Table 7.3 provides the full range of responses.

Figure 7.41: Expectations of the HSIP qualification

When it came to whether the qualification met expectations, the opinions were spread across the board with uncertainty or ambivalence accounting for more than 25% from both groups.


7.5 The HSIP Qualification Core Compulsory units Both groups overwhelmingly agreed that the Core Compulsory block of units covered the key topics that the qualification needed to with an ‘Agree’ for 79% of responses. 14% of the HSIP Grads strongly agreed while 22% of the BCITO staff sat on the fence. When it came to the level of difficulty for this core block, 71% of the HSIP Grads felt that it was ‘about right’ whereas the BCITO staff were evenly split between ‘about right’, ‘a little advanced’ and ‘far too advanced’ (33% for each). See Tables 7.5 and 7.6 for the full range of responses.

Figure 7.51: Core Compulsory units

The additional feedback on this block was quite indicative of what improvements could be made with the ‘use of language - difficult to understand’ being one of the main issues (21% of HSIP Grads and 35% of BCITO staff responses) along with poor formatting and the suggestion by 29% of the HSIP Grad responses that it could be re-graded to a higher level qualification.

Figure 7.52: Additional feedback – Core Compulsory units

Onsite Theory units 80% of responses from the HSIP Grads indicated that they agreed or strongly agreed that the Onsite Theory block of units covered the key topics that were needed while 63% of BCITO staff responses indicated that they agreed. See Tables 7.8 and 7.9 for total responses. No one disagreed with the statement.


Figure 7.53: Onsite Theory units

Again, the biggest issue on feedback for this block of units was the use of language – that it was too confusing and wordy (see Tables 7.10 and 7.11). Onsite Practice units Similar to the Onsite Theory unit responses, 82% of responses from the HSIP Grads and 63% of responses from the BCITO staff agreed that the Onsite Practice block of units covered the key topics required. While some respondents sat on the fence, it was interesting to note that 13% of BCITO staff disagreed with the statement.

Figure 7.54: Onsite Practice units

When it came to considering the level for the units the two groups were quite diverse in their opinions. The HSIP Grad responses ranged from 20%, considering the block of units a little too basic, to 20% believing them to be a little or far too advanced. On the other hand, 63% of BCITO staff responses considered the level of units to be a little or far too advanced (see Table 7.13). The feedback for this block of units was more unit-specific with use of language again featuring (see Tables 7.14 and 7.15). 7.6 Delivery The question regarding the appropriateness of the current method of delivery of construction health & training drew mixed responses from the groups. 47% of the HSIP Grads and 67% of the BCITO staff felt the current method was not appropriate although a third of each group felt that it was (33% and 30% respectively).


Figure 7.61: Appropriateness of the HSIP qualification

The delivery of construction Health and Safety training to the various groups was more similarly agreed upon by both groups (see Table 7.17 for the total responses). Workers, and to a lesser extent Tradespersons, were the two groups deemed to be best suited to short courses (41% and 26% of total responses). Tradespersons, Supervisors and Employers were the three groups seen to be benefit from training courses leading to full qualifications with 25%, 25% and 26% of total responses respectively. By far the groups indicated best to receive full qualification training were specialist Health and Safety supervisors and Health and Safety professionals (34 % each of total responses). Resources There was quite a disagreement among the two groups when it came to the overall quality of the resources provided being suitable. 34% of the HSIP Grad responses indicated that the materials were not suitable whereas 89% of the BCITO staff found the resource material to be lacking. On the positive side, 53% of the responses from the HSIP Grads found the materials to be suitable.

Figure 7.62: Quality of Resources

BCITO Training Advisors As with the resources issue, there was again some disagreement when it came to whether the BCITO Training Advisor overseeing the training had the skills and knowledge to support the trainee. Not surprisingly, 59% of the BCITO staff agreed or strongly agreed with only 7% disagreeing. On the other hand, 47% of the HSIP Grad responses indicated suitability with 20% disagreeing or strongly disagreeing.


Figure 7.63: Competency of BCITO Training Advisor

What was even more interesting was that both forums had a number of fence sitters with 20% of the HSIP Grads and 33% of the BCITO staff failing to make a decision either way. 7.7 Who should do the HSIP course? Both groups agreed that Supervisor, followed by Health and Safety specialist and then Employer were the employment categories that the HSIP qualification was aimed at.

Figure 7.71: Target employment category for HSIP qualification

However when it came to which category they thought it was realistically suited for, the HSIP Grads kept the same order for the three employment categories (38%, 25% and 22% respectively) while the BCITO staff responses indicated that they felt it was more suited to the Health and Safety specialist (55%) followed by the Supervisor (30%).

Figure 7.72: Realistic employment category target for HSIP qualification


7.8 HSIP Grads group responses At the HSIP Grad forum in Wellington, the fifteen attendees were divided into two groups and given seven questions pertaining to the qualification that were to be discussed as a group. See Table 7.22 for all qualitative responses to questions. The following bullet points highlight the main issues uncovered during the discussion: > Content

• Practical component was good;

• Overall content good;

> Structure

• Too complex;

• Ambiguous and repetitive;

• Link between practical and theory requires rework;

• Administration procedures need to be reviewed;

> Delivery

• Competence of Training Advisors and Assessors;

• Format of delivery requires review;

> Relevance to business activities

• Better understanding of Health and Safety practices;

• Useful tool for planning;

• Competing and conflicting safety courses exist in the market;

> Assisting the improvement of Health and Safety in workplace

• Provides knowledge to act with authority;

• Helps discover ‘holes’ in company Health and Safety management policy/plan;

• Increases own awareness of Health and Safety;

> Components of HSIP qualification used for Post-Trade qualifications:

• A number of papers including 14598 should be done by all post-trade.


7.9 Industry Training/Qualifications While Section 3 of this report is dedicated to the review of the industry training qualifications, both the HSIP Grads and the Procurers (see Section 8) are looked at separately as they provide another perspective from that of the general construction population. General Health and Safety It was interesting to note that the HSIP Grads appeared to be quite divided when it came to whether training or knowledge was even required for workers and trades people in relation to six out of the seven general topics (see figure 7.91).

Figure 7.91: General Health and Safety Topics – HSIP Grads

Only hazard identification and control appear to be a topic where HSIP Grads have a clear view that both workers and trades people should have some knowledge in this area. For the roles of supervisor through to employer, their opinions are similar to that of the general construction population.


See Table 7.22 at the end of this section for a full list of responses.

Specific Hazard Management topics All the topics in this category followed the patterns of other groups with only one additional topic being added to those already listed – Electrical. Both the Procurers and Health and Safety Professionals also considered ‘Electrical’ a topic worth adding to this category. Table 7.23 provides the full range of responses for this category. Other Safety Related topics As with the General topics, the HSIP Grads were again quite undecided as to whether the worker category required any knowledge or training in these four other safety related topics. As seen in figure 7.92, there was one in the group that felt these topics required no training or knowledge by any role.

Figure 7.92: Other Safety Related Topics – HSIP Grads

One additional topic was added to the above – impact of injuries. The responses for this can be viewed in Table 7.24 at the end of this section.


Table 7.1

How did you learn about the HSIP qualification? Total Mentions

Direct marketing material from BCITO 3 20% 3 11% 6BCITO fieldstaff 6 40% 8 30% 14Word of mouth 3 20% 0 0% 3Recommended by employer 2 13% 14 52% 16OtherIt was mentored in skill set 0 0% 2 7% 2Website 1 7% 0 0% 1

Table 7.2

What made you decide to do the HSIP qualification? Total Mentions

Personal desire for learning/professional development 11 31% 14 21% 25Potential for increased income 4 11% 15 22% 19Career advancement 4 11% 12 18% 16Company requirement 1 3% 15 22% 16Wanted a recognised/formal H&S qualification 10 28% 5 7% 15Desire to be seen as an industry expert 4 11% 3 4% 7OtherDesire to be a training provider 1 3% 0 0% 1To see if it was suitable for other supervisors 1 3% 0 0% 1Needed to set up a club H&S system 0 0% 1 1% 1Skill set requirement 0 0% 2 3% 2

Table 7.3

What were your expectations of the HSIP qualification? Total Mentions

Increase my overall understanding of construction H&S 11 27% 22 39% 33Obtain practical tools that I can apply in my job 10 24% 11 20% 21Increase my ability to develop H&S processes & plans 9 22% 8 14% 17Enable me to deliver H&S training 4 10% 7 13% 11Enable me to undertake site orders 6 15% 4 7% 10OtherDid not know what qualification entailed but it did cover all of the above expectations 1 2% 0 0% 1Ensure personal safety, various site to site and job to job 0 0% 1 2% 1No expectation, have just heard about it 0 0% 1 2% 1

Table 7.4

The HSIP qualification met my overall expectation Total Mentions

Strongly agree 1 7% 0 0% 1Agree 7 47% 8 30% 15Neither agree or disagree 4 27% 8 30% 12Disagree 3 20% 6 22% 9Strongly disagree 0 0% 5 19% 5

HSIP Grad BCITO staff

BCITO staff

BCITO staff

BCITO staff

HSIP Grad

HSIP Grad

HSIP Grad


Table 7.5

The Core Compulsory block of units of the HSIP qualification covered the key topics that it needed to

HSIP Grad BCITO staff Total Mentions


Far too advanced 1 7% 9 33% 10A little advanced 2 14% 9 33% 11About right 10 71% 9 33% 19A little too basic 1 7% 0 0% 0Far too basic 0 0% 0 0% 0

Table 7.6

If there were any gaps in the Core Compulsory block of units, please list these below:


Emergency Planning (14607) 2 0 2Conducting site audit (14608) 1 0 1Examples 0 1 1Evaluating procedures to see if they meet legislation requirements 0 1 1Explain more clearly what is needed 1 0 1Good overall coverage, once it was understood 0 1 1Move to educate your workforce in health and safety matters 0 1 1Rewrite completely please, units done during site safe supervisors qualification were much better 0 1 1Some tasks or questions were very ambiguous 0 1 1

Table 7.7

Please give us any other feedback you may have on the Core Compulsory block of units


Poorly formatted 2 14% 4 15% 6Marketing issues 0 0% 4 15% 4Support - Guides and Tutors - well received 2 14% 0 0% 2Use of language - difficult to understand 3 21% 9 35% 12Repetitive content 1 7% 6 23% 7Better examples needed 0 0% 1 4% 1Regrade to higher level qual 4 29% 1 4% 5Relevance 2 14% 1 4% 3


Table 7.8

The On Site Theory block of units of the HSIP qualification covered the key topics that it needed to:

Total Mentions


Table 7.9

Considering the level for each of the On Site Theory units (level 3 or 4), the level of content was:

Total Mentions


Table 7.10

If there were any gaps in the On Site Theory block of units, please list these below:

Total Mentions

14599 needs more clarity on what should be looked for and included 1 0 1Rewrite completely please, units done during site safe supervisors qualification were much clearer 0 1 1Too wordy 0 1 1Good coverage once it was understood 0 1 1

Table 7.11

Please give us any other feedback you may have on the On Site Theory block of units:

Total Mentions

Formatting (poorly formatted and should be printed on white paper) 3Use of language (difficult to understand, confusing & wordy) 8Repetitive content 3Regrade to a higher level (above Tradesman level) 3Support (delivery not user friendly, more assistance required) 3Unit specific comments 5Clear links need to be established between practical & theory units. Eg. 14603 to 14607Would have worked better as a block course & supported better if the purpose or outcome had been better explainedMay need to include a unit on training records or training/supervision procedures14608 requires trainees to conduct an onsite H&S compliance audit - this is more of a practical unit than a theory one14600 was a nightmare to read the title let alone do it - split it upOther 3Generally the units covered the knowledge that is required to more more comprehensive understanding of our role within the industryNeeds a total rethinkThought it covered all areas required and some good safety plans were covered in specific job task


HSIP Grad

BCITO staff

BCITO staff

HSIP Grad


Table 7.12

The On Site Practice block of units of the HSIP qualification covered the key topics that it needed to:

Total Mentions


Table 7.13

Considering the level for each of the On Site Practice units (level 3 or 4), the level of content was:

Total Mentions


Table 7.14

If there were any gaps in the On Site Practice block of units, please list these below:

Total Mentions

Rewrite completely please, units done during site safe supervisors qualification were much clearer 0 2 2Good coverage once it was understood 0 1 1

Table 7.15

Total Mentions

Use of language 3

Qualification needs to be edited

Repetitive content 1Unit specific comments 6

Support 1

Other 2

Please give us any other feedback you may have on the On Site Practice block of units:


HSIP Grad

HSIP Grad

BCITO staff

BCITO staff

For me having all trades working on one site made it so much better and fasterGood clear comprehensive units. Made me think. Onsite practical or application

Don't expect carpenters to produce units relating to hydrocarbons

More time dedicated per week to carry out tasks required

Could be tailored to specific industries, ie. Multiple choice depending on the activity (industry specific)

If anything, maybe it's a bit much even at supervisor level. A small builder might have trouble with 14611 traffic control

Content very hard to understand - need a degree in English to understand content

As a site foreman, the wording in the units was daunting as I was an early onsite practical assessor, and DoL struggled as well

May need tweaking to come up to modern trends on siteAlign the qualification with ACC's WSMP primary level so that potential candidates can see a financial benefit for their business as well as improve safety but not before there's an editor involve to straighten the questions out


Table 7.16

The overall delivery method of the HSIP qualification was appropriate

Total Mentions


Table 7.17

Total Mentions

Worker 13 38% 23 43% 36Tradesperson 11 32% 12 22% 23Supervisor 4 12% 4 7% 8Specialist H&S Supervisor 1 3% 2 4% 3H&S Professional 1 3% 1 2% 2Employers 4 12% 12 22% 16

Total Mentions


Total Mentions



Short Course

HSIP Grad


BCITO staff

Full qualification

Training courses leading to full qualification

How do you think that construction H&S training courses or qualifications should be delivered for the groups of people below:



Table 7.18

The overall quality of the resources/material provided for the HSIP qualification was suitable

Total Mentions


Table 7.19

The BCITO training advisor who oversaw my training agreement and progress through the HSIP qualification had the skills and knowledge to support me

Total Mentions


Table 7.20

Which type of employment category do you think the HSIP qualification was marketed to?

Total Mentions

Worker 2 6% 4 7% 6Tradesperson 3 10% 10 17% 13Supervisor 10 32% 19 32% 29Health and Safety Specialist 9 29% 14 23% 23Employer 7 23% 13 22% 20

Table 7.21

Which type of employment category do you think the HSIP qualification was realistically suited for?

Total Mentions

Worker 2 6% 0 0% 2Tradesperson 3 9% 2 5% 5Supervisor 12 38% 13 30% 25Health and Safety Specialist 8 25% 24 55% 32Employer 7 22% 5 11% 12


HSIP Grad

HSIP Grad

BCITO staff

BCITO staff



Table 7.22



H&S Professional


General Health Accident & incident N 10 2 12& Safety Topics investigation & B 17 7 2 2 28

reporting B+ 10 15 6 2 7 40I 2 15 18 5 15 55A 2 2 14 20 13 16 67

A+ 2 15 29 2 48Audit N 24 12 2 38

B 9 12 4 2 27B+ 6 6 9 2 6 29I 1 11 16 6 16 50A 1 1 11 24 9 16 62

A+ 10 33 2 45Emergency planning N 12 1 13

B 16 11 3 2 32B+ 9 15 6 2 7 39I 1 12 21 4 1 12 51A 3 3 9 27 11 18 71

A+ 3 9 30 3 45Hazard identification N 1 1& control B 16 3 1 1 21

B+ 18 18 4 1 10 51I 3 18 17 5 15 58A 3 3 18 21 10 14 69

A+ 2 15 32 2 51Legislation N 13 1 14

B 17 12 3 1 33B+ 11 20 12 2 7 52I 9 19 9 19 56A 8 22 10 10 50

A+ 9 32 5 46Risk management N 12 3 15

B 17 6 1 2 26B+ 8 18 9 2 8 45I 2 11 16 5 13 47A 2 3 14 23 11 15 68

A+ 2 12 31 4 49Site Specific safety N 18 4 22 planning B 12 8 2 1 23

B+ 8 9 7 2 7 33I 2 18 19 6 13 58A 1 2 12 21 14 19 69

A+ 2 13 28 2 45Effective B+ 1 1 2Communication I 1 1 2

A 1 1A+ 1 1

Environmental N 1 1management B 1 1

B+ 1 1I 1 1 2A 1 1

Health & safety N 1 1training inhouse B 1 1

B+ 1 1I 1 1A 1 1

A+ 1 1Notifiable Work B 1 1

B+ 1 1I 1 1 1 3A 1 1

Subcontractor B 1 1management B+ 1 1

I 1 1A 1 1 2

A+ 1 1


Table 7.23



H&S Professional


Specific Hazard Cranes, lifting N 2 2Management appliances & B 19 5 1 1 26Topics rigging B+ 18 14 6 1 11 50

I 1 19 21 6 16 63A 2 4 11 22 14 10 63

A+ 3 13 28 4 48Demolition N 1 1

B 19 5 1 1 26B+ 19 13 5 1 9 47I 2 21 24 7 19 73A 1 3 10 22 14 11 61

A+ 2 12 28 2 44Excavations N 2 1 3

B 16 5 1 2 24B+ 21 13 7 1 7 49I 2 21 23 8 21 75A 1 2 9 19 16 9 56

A+ 2 14 26 3 45Falsework N 2 2

B 17 4 1 1 23B+ 20 13 6 2 10 51I 2 23 24 6 1 18 74A 1 2 9 22 16 11 61

A+ 2 12 25 2 41Hazardous & toxic N 1 1substances B 18 6 2 2 28

B+ 19 12 5 1 8 45I 3 21 21 6 17 68A 1 3 11 21 14 13 63

A+ 3 14 28 2 47Plant N 1 1

B 21 5 2 2 30B+ 16 14 5 2 8 45I 2 20 22 5 1 17 67A 1 2 10 22 13 12 60

A+ 2 12 27 2 43Scaffolding N 2 1 3

B 16 4 1 1 22B+ 19 14 6 1 10 50I 4 20 22 5 18 69A 1 3 11 23 14 11 63


B 14 5 2 1 2 24B+ 20 12 5 1 9 47I 4 20 21 5 1 17 68A 2 4 11 20 13 10 60

A+ 2 14 27 3 46Electrical N 0

B 1 1 2B+ 1 1 1 3I 1 1 1 1 4A 1 1 2

A+ 1 1


Table 7.24



H&S Professional


Other Safety Adult learning N 17 4 1 1 1 1 25Related Topics principles B 19 12 1 1 1 1 35

B+ 4 17 11 2 2 5 41I 1 8 23 10 3 14 59A 5 20 14 10 49

A+ 7 19 10 36Coaching & N 20 3 1 1 1 1 27mentoring B 16 12 1 1 1 2 33

B+ 4 15 9 1 3 32I 10 22 9 3 13 57A 1 1 8 21 14 13 58

A+ 8 21 9 38Relationship N 13 3 1 1 1 1 20management B 22 12 1 1 1 1 38

B+ 4 18 8 2 4 36I 2 8 25 10 4 14 63A 6 19 15 11 51

A+ 8 20 10 38Safety & business N 11 3 14productivity B 24 10 2 2 1 1 40

B+ 4 16 8 1 1 4 34I 2 11 21 7 1 8 50A 1 10 23 15 18 67

A+ 8 22 10 40Impact of injuries N 1 1 0

B 1 1 2B+ 0I 1 1 2A 1 1

A+ 1 1


8. Procurers

8.0 Summary > Contractual arrangements drive construction Health and Safety requirements

• Many procurers have high expectations for contractors and have robust systems to ‘filter’ out and select only appropriate contractors. To support contractors in reaching the levels needed to work on their premises, induction training (as a bare minimum) is provided on a general and specific level depending on the need.

• Some procurers demand such a high level of training for contractors that they are prepared to arrange and pay for training.

• Most sites operate Permit to Work systems (or are seeking to introduce them), which places more rigidity around Health and Safety process and ensures that contractors are technically trained and that there is training in the use of the Permit to Work system itself.

• Shell Todd - “general induction for all contractors lasts approximately half a day”

• Fonterra – “needs-based training arranged by Fonterra for contractors… and paid for by Fonterra”

• Marsden Point – “three- step training…. two day hazard identification course… both training sets must be done before coming on site”

> Procurer overseers monitor performance

• In order that a level of comfort can exist for procurers, one of the systems they have in place is the use of a trained person who monitors the work of contractors. This person is usually employed by the procurer company and monitoring the contract is only one step in the process of ensuring good Health and Safety practice.

• Fonterra – “employ specialist safety advisors who examine process and behaviours – big jobs will have a specific person”

> Construction interferes with ‘business as usual’ – but you can’t plan for everything!

• Many of the procurer sites are very different to other construction sites. Core business does not stop and construction needs to fit within already complex activities on site.

• Contractors must be aware not only of the risks for construction, but also recognise other potentially dangerous impacts on business as usual (hazardous substances, large machinery, vehicles still in operation).

• OnTrack – “situational awareness is key to safety around railway tracks!”

> Industry Training/Qualifications – level of understanding

• Procurers put more emphasis on employers and principals having the highest level of training or qualifications


8.1 Introduction The Procurers group comprises of organisations whose core business is not construction. As a result of their size and the nature of their work, these organisations regularly procure either new construction works or maintenance works, and this work needs to fit around normal core business. The tables that are appended for this section are annotated in more detail than tables within other sections because this is to capture the depth of information provided during face to face interviews. Many procurer organisations have highly developed selection criteria ensuring that construction companies with the most exemplary processes are engaged. Additionally, procurer monitoring processes tend to be highly developed. A separate workbook was prepared that had questions to elicit information around the construction Health and Safety requirements that related to contractors. Although many of the organisations consulted throughout the consultation project engaged contractors, this particular group have such specific requirements, that the processes and procedures they have for contractor selection and monitoring give insight for the BCITO as to the desirable or optimum level of training that could be needed for workers, in either general or supervisory contractor roles. Questions in the Procurer workbook focused on general construction Health and Safety needs for contractors, construction Health and Safety needs for contractors in a supervisor capacity, and Industry training/ qualifications. The following Procurer organisations were consulted during this consultation project:

> NZ Oil Refinery - Marsden Point;

> Fonterra - Edendale Dairy Factory and Hamilton;

> Ports of Otago;

> Lyttelton Port Company;

> New Zealand Aluminium Smelter - Tiwai Point;

> OnTrack;

> Shell Todd Oil;

> Kinleith Mill – Carter Holt Harvey.

The findings of this section should also be considered alongside findings in each of the following sections of the report:

> General Construction Health and Safety;

> Supervisors;

> Industry Training and Qualifications.

8.2 General Construction Health and Safety General Health and Safety knowledge When Procurers were asked what the general topics construction workers needed to know about to work on their premises, the highest response was unsurprisingly contractor clearance/permit to work/


contractor compliance at 25%. This suggests that meeting basic requirements is critical to be even considered appropriate for working on site.

Example comments in this area include:

> “Adherence, compliance with requirements”;

> “Permit to Work system” ;

> “Expect contractors to be able to demonstrate competence... in hazard identification and control”.

The second highest response was for the topic of induction training (16%) suggesting that ensuring contractors have a good understanding of the variation in environment that the procurer sites present, is important (i.e. sterile environments, hazardous substances or use of oversize machinery): > “General contractors – Fonterra induction is four hours”;

> “Need to know OnTrack’s processes… as part of safety planning;

> “Site and area specific inductions”.

Other comments included tool and equipment competency (12%) with PPE having significant mentions; hazard identification and control (8%) - again there was a high expectation that contractors would demonstrate competency in this area; emergency management procedures/evacuation - although only registering 6% of responses it was implicitly referred to as part of induction training given the hazardous nature for the majority of the procurer sites visited. This issue was further supported by responses for restricted access and risk management (6% for each category) which essentially focused on restricting risk of access to the most dangerous areas for each site. Anecdotally, contractor and staff safety featured highly for all sites with many mentioning having “zero accident” policies and some recording accidents and near misses to contractors as part of their usual staff accident reporting. A full range of responses for this question can be found at table 8.1 and in graph 8.21.

Graph 8.1: Construction contractor training needs


Contractor Responsibilities Procurers were then asked what they did to ensure that construction contractors working on their sites meet their Health and Safety responsibilities. The top ways for procurers to ensure that contractor responsibilities are met include training, process and monitoring. Specifically, the top four responses are:

> Adherence to procurer Health and Safety procedures;

> Audit;

> Induction;

> Permit to Work.

The highest response (40%) was adherence to procurer Health and Safety procedures, with a further 15% of responses specifically identifying their Permit to Work system. Comments include:

> “daily audit on work sites”;

> “drug and alcohol testing”;

> “contractor management procedures….regular meetings throughout project…post project debriefs”.

Other ways Procurers ensured contractors meet procurer Health and Safety responsibilities include auditing (21%) and induction (18%). Combined, these four responses suggest that procurers have a very strong mechanism for managing contractor performance which is likely to be facilitated through their rigid contractual requirements. A full range of response can be found in table 8.2 One additional training need was anecdotally raised by OnTrack. While site specific induction training and monitoring can protect contractors, OnTrack identified a key risk to construction workers in general who were not contracted by OnTrack, but were working for other organisations adjacent to the rail corridor. OnTrack often had little knowledge about these contractors and their potential risk of impinging on the rail corridor. Despite having systems to select their own contractors, this was ineffective where a contractor was working for someone else near the rail corridor and was unaware of the potential risk to themselves and others when they strayed into the rail corridor. Advanced training Procurers were asked when a contractor might need to do some advanced training. Responses indicated overwhelmingly that advanced training for contractors is considered important when undertaking a specific task, such as chemical handling, confined spaces, hotwork, or when working in a specific setting i.e. within the rail corridor – recording 59% of all responses. The top four responses to this question are:

> When undertaking a specific task (59%);

> Permit to Work (9%);

> Managing a project (3%);

> Emergency training (3%);

> Career advancement (3%).


Procurers also cited a variety of less significant reasons which often related more specifically to the site that they worked for. A full range of responses can be found in table 8.3.

8.3 Supervisor Construction Health and Safety Supervisor Health and Safety knowledge Procurers were also asked what they considered to be the construction Health and Safety training needs for contractors in a supervisor role. The top four responses are:

> Specific task training;

> Managing people;

> Permit to Work;

> Accident and incident investigations.

The highest response for supervisor training needs related to specific task training (25%), such as hotwork, chemical/hazardous substance handling, gas and electrical. The second highest response was for people management (18%) which included managing change, communication and leadership skills). Other training needs included Permit to Work (11%), accident/incident investigations (11%) and hazard identification and control (8%). One other training need of interest (6%) was situational awareness which was mentioned throughout the interviews, reflecting the need for construction workers to be aware of the uniqueness of the work environment. A full range of responses can be found in table 8.4. Supervisor Responsibilities Procurers were asked how they ensure that supervisor contractors meet their construction Health and Safety responsibilities – a full range of responses is provided in table 8.5. There were two clear methods for ensuring this: > Through regular audits (44%);

> Through a permit to work/contractor clearance certificate systems (44%).

These responses are linked to a similar question asked of general contractors which identified that contractual obligations are a critical process for ensuring compliance on site. Supervisor training provision

When asked what training exists for contractor supervisors, there are three key responses:

> Specific task training (26%);

> Identified ITO/Association training (26%);

> Unit Standards (22%).

Procurers identified that ITO/association training was of key importance (26% of responses) and specific references were made to the BCITO HSIP qualification, InfraTrain, Site Safe and NZIM courses.


Similarly, specific task training (also with 26% of responses) was indicated, including specific feedback on Traffic Management and STMS courses, Wheels Tracks Rollers, cargo handling and confined spaces. 22% of responses also indicated unit standards as training suitable for supervisors with many references to specific unit standards. A number of the Procurers anecdotally referred to the need for contractors to be able to demonstrate competence and that formal qualifications or training from a recognised body provided a level of assurance. A full range of responses can be found in table 8.6.

Additional supervisor skills and competencies When asked to comment on the additional skills and competencies (non construction Health and Safety related), that supervisors should have, Procurers referenced a range of responses with no one response standing out. The top 6 responses making up just over 50% of all the feedback are:

> Procurer Health and Safety policies and procedures (12%);

> Situational awareness (12%);

> Acting as a principal for the contractor company (8%);

> Communication skills (8%);

> Relationship management skills (8%);

> Risk management (8%).

There were many other minor responses to this question (including one response citing “neat handwriting) indicating that procurers have a range of needs for their supervisors and that no one skill is considered vital. Table 8.7 shows a full range of responses. Business benefits When asked what business benefits having someone trained at supervisory level provided for the procurer, the most recorded responses suggested that injury reduction and increased confidence are important. The highest response was having good Health and Safety performance/reduction in injuries (31%). This reflects the fact that many of the Procurer sites visited as part of this consultation had some of the most robust policies aiming for “zero accidents” and that many of the Procurers recorded contractor accidents as part of their normal staff accident reporting process. The top five responses to this question are:

> Good Health and Safety performance/reduction in injuries (31%);

> Procurer confidence (11%);

> Situational awareness (9%);

> Procurer can focus on core business (9%);

> Increased tendering opportunity (9%).


Given the more stringent contractor selection processes of many procurers, contractors that can demonstrate competent (trained) supervisors - as well as trained staff – increase their ability to win work with these procurers. A full range of responses can be found in table 8.8. 8.4 Industry Training/Qualifications While the results of this particular section of the workbook are discussed in a separate section, the Procurers view was distinctly different from those of the other consultation groups and warrants a mention within their specific section. Coupled with this was the fact that the Procurer grids include an additional worker category of “Principal” to represent themselves in the mix. General Health and Safety Topics Figure 8.41 shows that in five out of the seven topics, Procurers showed some indecision as to whether workers and trades people required any knowledge or training in these topics. Audit and emergency planning appears to cause the most confusion with the differences of opinion extending to include the role of supervisor also. However with the exception of these two, it seems that Procurers follow the pattern that emerged during general construction population consultation for the level of knowledge or training required by supervisor roles onward. It is interesting to note that Procurers perceive that those in a principal role should have a very high level of understanding of general health and safety topics. See Table 8.9 at the end of the section for the full responses.


Figure 8.41: General Health and Safety Topics – Procurers


Specific Hazard Management Topics When it came to the level of understanding required around specific hazard management topics, the Procurers appear to some difficulty in agreeing on what level the principals require or should have. Falsework and Working at Height support this observation (see figure 8.42). Confined Spaces and Electrical are additional topics mentioned by many of the Procurers. See Table 8.10 for full responses.

Figure 8.42: Specific Hazard Management Topics – Procurers


Other Safety Related Topics As with other groups, other safety related topics caused much discussion during the consultation and as seen in figure 8.43, there were a variety of opinions expressed, with no clearly defined level of understanding agreed on for trades people and supervisors. It was however, interesting to note that Procurers felt that both the employer and the principal should have the highest level of understanding for these kinds of topics. Procurers did include the most additional topics to this category. The five supplementary topics are:

> Collaborative working;

> Drugs and alcohol;

> QMS;

> Situational awareness;

> Wellness.

These can be found in Table 8.11 at the end of the section.

Figure 8.43: Other Safety Related Topics – Procurers


Table 8.1

What are the general H&S topics that the construction contractors working on your premises need to know about?

No. of mentions

% of mentions

Comment

Contractor clearance/ permit to work/ contractor compliance

13 25% Adherence, compliance with requirements

Confined spacesContractor clearance certificate in - confined spaces, isolation, working at heights, risk assessment.Contractual responsibilitiesDemolitionMedically fit - understand fitness for workNeed to know OnTrack's processes - require permit to gather, as part of safety planning.Permit to workPermit to work system - issues and contractorsRequisite skill sets for work to be under taken

Selection process - QM systemSpecific requirements sometimes neededWorking at heights

Induction training 8 16% All new contractors do general training, eg drug and alcoholEmployee induction and training system for own staffGeneral contractors - Fonterra induction is 4 hoursGeneral induction: for all contractors, DVD and on site training. HSE induction, full induction.Health and safety plans, need to know who is responsibleInductionInduction - general Fonterra and site specificSite and area specific inductions permit to work system

Tool & equipment competency 6 12% Competence in tools and equipmentMobile plantMovement and work manual handlingPPEWearing visible PPE is essential

Hazard identification and control 4 8% Hazard awareness identification and managementHazard identificationHazard identification and controlHazard management and identification process. Expect contractors to demonstrate competency


Table 8.1 continued

What are the general H&S topics that the construction contractors working on your premises need to know about?

No. of mentions

% of mentions

Comment

Emergency management 3 6% Emergency managementprocedures/evacuation Emergency procedures

Evacuation proceduresRestricted access 3 6% Access is restricted

Know contaminationsSecurity where can go and can't go

Risk management 3 6% Basic understanding to manage riskRisk identificationStored energy - and what goes wrong when it escapes

Hazardous substances 2 4% Hazardous substanceHazardous work

Accident & incident reporting/recording 2 4% Accident reporting and recordingTraining and competency examined: near miss responding, HSE, apprentice, risks are higher for mistakes.

Other 7 14% Awareness of surroundings and what is going onCommunication paramountJSA's task analysisKnowledge of health and safety actTraffic managementEnvironmental issuesFirst aid


Table 8.2

What do you do to ensure that construction contractors working on your premises meet your H&S responsibilities?

No. of mentions

% of mentions

Comment

Adherence to procurer H&S 15 40% Both training on H&S must be adhered to common siteprocedures Contractor management procedure - meeting and

requirements or projectContractors understand H&SExpected that contractors are provided with PPEHas H&S plans - target specific targetsIf work closer to track, access - put track protection in place such as contract personNew to H&S use buddy systemOwn management system to manage and train to prevent own riskProcess of H&S specific to requirementsProtection of contractors from the trains - e.g. fence up if not near track.Take H&S seriouslyTesting at port may be extended to contractorsJobs over 50K H&S plan submittedPre-qualification: alignment between contractor and health and safety expectationsQualified contractors - accredited external H&S qual

Audit 8 21% Audit systemDaily audits of permitsDaily audits on work siteDemonstrate to meet site safeEmploy specialise safety auditsPlant - safety and auditsReview performance - safety performance part of reviewTask specific audits

Induction 7 18% InductionInduction general - 3 step trainingInduction processInduction process for all contractorsProject inductionSite specific inductionStrict criteria about working - induction process

Permit to work 6 15% Cora database needs training, competency for contractorsMake them present H&S package prior to entry to contract commencingPermit to enter is the check mechanism to gain access to regular plan-requirements must be met or no permit.Permit to work - gas detection to minimise trainingPermit to work systemControl of contractors through contractor clearance certificate

Hazard identification & control 1 3% Hazard identification courseMedical fitness to work (sensory) 1 3% Medical fitness to work (sensory)


Table 8.3

When might a construction contractor working on your premises need to do some advanced H&S training?

No. of mentions

% of mentions

Comment

When undertaking a specific task - e.g. chemical handling, fall arrest,

19 59% Certification in modified plant - modified for rail - must be certified and approved by OnTrack

confined spaces, crane operation, Chemical handlinggas, hot work, rail corridor Confined spaces

Crane operatorFall arrestGasHazardous workHot workLock out tag trainingPPE requirementRail vehicle, plant training - qualified under ontrack training to operate vehicles that run out on tracks e.g. Fulton HoganSite specific trainingSpecialist organisationsTask trainingTo meet RIO unit standards which are greater than NZ legislation and requirements - eg electrical safety and awareness, confined space, working at heights, isolations, risk assessments

Working at heightsPermit to work 3 9% Need to be qualified for what they are being

engaged forPermit to workPermit to work system

Managing a project 1 3% Managing a project - specialise eg working at heights, hot work, confined spaces

Emergency training 1 3% Emergency trainingCareer advancement 1 3% When they get a more senior position - job safety

analysis

Other 7 22% Arranged by Fonterra for contractors training - paid by FonterraDART induction which contains requirements around trains to self protectMajor budgetingNeed basic training and awarenessNeed to advertise competency

Sign into plantSurveyors need advance training to have extra protection


Table 8.4

What are the construction H&S training needs for contractors in a supervisory capacity working on your premises?

No. of mentions

% of mentions

Comment

Specific task training 9 25% ElectricalGasHot workStrong knowledge base for appropriate PPETechnical skillsWorking at heightsChemical handlingHazardous substanceHazardous work

Managing People 6 18% Managing changeGood communication skillsStrong literacy skillsGood leadership

Permit to work 4 11% Permit to workPermit to work - supervisor review so training for permit to workPermit to work issuesPermit to work system - PICN course

Accident & incident investigations 4 11% Accident investigationIncident investigationInvestigations

Hazard identification & control 3 8% Hazard management trainingHazard awareness identification and managementHazard management

Managing change 2 6% Management a changeResponding to change

Communication skills 2 6% Good communication skillsStrong literacy skills

Leadership skills 2 6% Good leadershipSkills in leadership

Situational awareness 2 6% Basic situational awareness Task analysis

Procurer H&S policies & procedures 2 6% Awareness and knowledge of our policies pr0cedures and standardsJSA process - manage own system on factory

Other 6 17% Understanding of HSE actAct as principle for contractor companyEmergency planningTime planningRisk managementGlobal moving


Table 8.5

How do you ensure that contractors in a supervisory capacity working on your premises meet their construction H&S responsibilities?

No. of mentions

% of mentions

Comment

Audit 7 44% Auditing and mentoring their performanceAuditsChecking safety planH&S plans - site specificMeetings and auditsMonitor H&S statsThird party H&S audits

Permit to work/contractor clearance certificate

7 44% Company matrix - have a card that shows competenciesContractor clearance certificate - sign on and off and as a result assuming accountabilities

JSA's - must be signed by Fonterra Permit to work systemPermit to work Selection criteria - work to do in this area for OnTrack (the company)Trained as if work for Shell

Induction 1 6% Induction process - supervisor must be identified and complete form

Assign a procurer "overseer" 1 6% Assign Port Otago manager


Table 8.6

What training or qualifications exist to meet the construction H&S needs of contractors in a supervisory capacity working on your premises?

No. of mentions

% of mentions

Comment

Specific task training 7 26% Cargo handlingConfined spacesHot work - level 3 and 4 awareness but not expected to have itPerformance standards training specialised to siteTransit traffic management and STMS courseVertical horizonsWheels tracks and rollers only starting point

Identified ITO/Association training 7 26% EMA coursesH&S managementHSIPInfratrainNZIM qualificationSite safe

Unit standards 6 22% NZQANZQA civil paperSpecialist unit standards e.g. 17600 for particular skills/jobsUnit standards 19750, 17558,17602US#3789 - communications in relation to mobile cranesUS#497 - basic health and safety

Permit to work 2 7% Permit to workPTW training courses

Inhouse training 1 4% Shell does extra training for supervisors to bring them on to meet criteria

Problem solving 1 4% Problem solving

Other 3 11% Basic trainingCertificate of H&SSupervisor training


Table 8.7

What skills and competencies do contractors in a supervisory capacity working on your premises need to have, in addition to specific construction H&S knowledge?

No. of mentions

% of mentions

Comment

Procurer H&S policies & procedures 3 12% Awareness and knowledge of our policies procedures and standardsSkills administered as contract is put together - task specific

Situational awareness 3 12% Behaviour awarenessKnowledge of consequencesSituational analysis - to support contractors and H&S to avoid hazards and risks

Acting a principal for contractor company 2 8% Act as principal for contractor companyHealth and safety manager on siteUnderstand needs

Communication skills 2 8% CommunicationsGood communication skills

Relationship management skills 2 8% Industry relationsRelationship management

Risk management 2 8% Risk management processRisk planning

Legislation 1 4% Understanding of HSE actConflict management & resolution 1 4% Conflict management/resolutionHazard identification & control 1 4% Hazard awareness identification and

managementLeadership 1 4% LeadershipEmergency planning 1 4% Emergency planningQuality management 1 4% Do job to a high standardSpecific task training 1 4% Specific training ie heights, confined spaces

Permit to work review 1 4% PTW review

Other 3 12% Follow instructionsLiteracyNeat handwriting


Table 8.8

What benefits do you think having someone trained in construction H&S at a supervisory level adds to your business operations?

No. of mentions

% of mentions

Comments

Good H&S performance/reduction in injuries

11 31% Assist in incident reporting and hazard managementCan be manage working teams to get better safety and productivityContractor stats measured separatelyCulture of safetyGood HSE understanding normally results in good output - qualify, time, costs etcHigher level of HS awarenessMaintained stats measured separatelyReduce injury on government capacityReduction in injuriesRisk reducedVery good HSE performance

Procurer confidence 4 11% Aligns them with the way we workComfort levelRailway act cross over with HSE - control of siteRisk with explosives

Situational awareness 3 9% Awareness - situational awareness is key to safety around tracksClear feedback of observationsUnderstanding of ontrack requirements particulary around rail corridor

Procurer can focus on core business 3 9% Allows work to focus on core operationsContractors are regarded as STOSS employess - can raise issuesReduce support

Increased tendering opportunity 3 9% Contractor selection processIn future will be pre-requirement for tenderingPermit contractors

Cost reduction/efficiencies/increased productivity

2 6% Cost reduction

Enhance productivityEnvironmental protection 2 6% Goal zero - protective and to protect environment

Support environmentImproved quality 2 6% Improved quality

QualityContract management 2 6% Contract management

Contractor managementImproved morale 1 3% Improve moralRole modeling 1 3% Role modelingCoaching and mentoring 1 3% Coaching mentoring


Table 8.9

Section Topic Score Worker Trades-person Supervisor

Specialist H&S

Supervisor

H&S Professional Employer Principal Grand Total

N 1 1B 5 4 9

B+ 3 2 2 7I 3 4 2 4 2 15A 2 6 1 9 3 21

A+ 1 1 8 5 4 19Audit N 3 2 5

B 4 3 1 8B+ 2 3 2 4 2 13I 1 4 4 1 10A 2 3 2 7 3 17

A+ 2 7 6 4 19Emergency N 2 2 4planning B 2 2 1 5

B+ 3 2 3 2 1 11I 1 2 2 4 4 2 15A 1 1 3 3 3 6 2 19

A+ 2 6 6 4 18N 0B 1 1 2

B+ 6 3 1 10I 1 4 5 1 4 2 17A 1 1 2 6 2 9 3 24

A+ 1 2 7 5 4 19Legislation N 6 2 8

B 6 2 8B+ 3 5 2 1 11I 2 6 3 5 3 19A 1 5 3 6 2 17

A+ 1 6 6 4 17Risk N 1 1management B 2 2 1 5

B+ 5 5 2 4 2 18I 1 2 4 3 1 2 1 14A 1 1 2 6 1 6 2 19

A+ 1 1 8 8 5 23N 2 1 3B 3 4 7

B+ 3 1 5 2 1 12I 2 2 4 1 5 2 16A 1 1 1 3 3 6 2 17

A+ 1 2 5 5 4 17N 0B 0

B+ 1 1I 1 1 1 3A 1 1 1 1 4

A+ 0Permit to work N 0

B 2 2 4B+ 1 1I 1 1 1 2 1 6A 1 1 2 1 5

A+ 0

General Health & Safety Topics

Accident & incident investigation & reporting

Hazard identification & control

Site specific safety planning

Situational awareness


Table 8.10


Specialist H&S

Supervisor


Specific N 0Hazard B 3 1 4Management B+ 4 5 2 1 3 2 17Topics I 1 3 3 2 3 4 2 18

A 1 1 4 5 2 9 4 26A+ 1 4 1 1 7

Demolition N 0B 2 1 3

B+ 6 4 1 1 3 2 17I 4 4 3 3 5 2 21A 1 1 4 4 3 7 4 24

A+ 1 3 2 1 7Excavations N 0

B 3 2 1 6B+ 3 3 1 1 2 1 11I 3 4 5 1 1 5 2 21A 4 6 2 7 4 23

A+ 1 5 3 2 11Falsework N 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 8

B 2 1 3B+ 6 6 3 1 1 3 2 22I 2 4 2 2 6 3 19A 1 4 2 5 2 14

A+ 1 3 1 1 6N 0B 3 1 4

B+ 6 7 2 1 16I 2 7 1 1 7 3 21A 2 8 5 6 3 24

A+ 3 2 2 7Plant N 0

B 4 1 1 6B+ 3 6 2 1 1 2 1 16I 1 1 5 2 2 8 4 23A 1 1 2 5 2 4 2 17

A+ 1 4 3 2 10Scaffolding N 0

B 2 1 3B+ 6 7 2 2 2 4 2 25I 1 2 5 2 1 6 3 20A 2 4 3 6 3 18

A+ 1 3 1 1 6Working at height N 0

B 2 1 1 1 1 3 10B+ 5 4 1 3 2 15I 2 4 3 1 1 6 3 20A 4 6 3 5 2 20

A+ 1 1 1 2 5 3 2 15Commissions N 0

B 0B+ 0I 1 1 1 1 4A 1 1 1 1 4

A+ 0

Hazardous & toxic substances

Cranes, lifting appliances and rigging



Specialist H&S

Supervisor


Specific Confined Spaces N 0Hazard B 0Management B+ 2 1 1 2 1 7Topics I 3 4 3 1 11continued A 4 2 3 5 3 17

A+ 3 2 5Electrical N 0

B 1 2 1 4B+ 1 1 1 1 4I 1 1 1 3A 1 1 1 1 1 5

A+ 0N 0B 0

B+ 1 1I 1 1 1 3A 1 1 2

A+ 1 1 2Hot work N 0

B 1 1 2B+ 1 1 1 2 1 6I 2 2 1 2 1 8A 1 1 1 2 1 6

A+ 1 1 2Isolation N 0

B 0B+ 1 1 2I 1 2 1 4A 1 1 2

A+ 0Motor N 0

B 0B+ 1 1 1 3I 0A 1 2 1 4

A+ 1 1Permit to work N 0

B 0B+ 1 1I 1 1 2A 1 2 1 4

A+ 1 1

Equipment selection & maintenance

Table 8.10 continued


Table 8.11


Specialist H&S

Supervisor


Other Safety N 2 2 4Related B 5 3 2 10Topics B+ 1 1 2 1 1 4 2 12

I 1 3 2 4 1 4 2 17A 3 2 3 8

A+ 2 4 10 5 21Coaching & N 2 2 4mentoring B 4 2 6

B+ 2 3 2 1 1 9I 1 2 4 4 2 6 3 22A 3 3 4 4 2 16

A+ 2 3 7 3 15Relationship N 0management B 5 4 9

B+ 4 4 3 1 12I 1 4 5 3 6 3 22A 2 2 3 5 2 14

A+ 1 3 7 4 15N 1 1 2B 4 3 7

B+ 2 2 5 1 1 2 1 14I 1 2 3 2 8A 1 1 2 3 2 4 2 15

A+ 2 2 4 12 6 26Collaborative N 0working B 0

B+ 0I 1 1 2A 1 1 2

A+ 1 2 1 4Drugs & alcohol N 0

B 0B+ 0I 0A 1 1 2

A+ 1 1 1 2 1 6QMS N 0

B 1 1 2B+ 1 1I 1 2 1 4A 1 1

A+ 0N 0B 0

B+ 1 1 2I 1 2 1 4A 1 1 2

A+ 0Wellness N 0

B 0B+ 0I 1 1 2A 1 1

A+ 1 1 2 1 5

Adult learning principles

Safety & business productivity

Situational awareness


9. Methodology

1.0 Introduction

The Building and Construction Industry Training Organisation’s Health, Safety and Injury Prevention (or HSIP) qualification was due for review. Rather than undertake a simple qualification review, the BCITO considered that a more robust consultation exercise around construction Health and Safety in its widest form would benefit the wider construction industry. During initial planning for the consultation, the various perspectives were discussed (worker, business, professional etc.) and the process of discovery was likened to ‘peeling layers of an onion’. In order to support the BCITO in identifying what information would be valuable to know at the end of the consultation process, a Strategic Reference Group was suggested and set up. This group comprised of ITOs from within the BETA group and other key players from the construction industry. Each of the member organisations agreed to use their own networks to raise awareness of the project and to encourage workers to come along to one of the regional consultation forums.

1.1 The workbooks

Questions were prepared in draft form that would obtain a balance of quantitative and qualitative responses, ensuring both a ‘volume’, and ‘depth’ of information. Consideration was given to the differing levels of knowledge and responsibilities for construction Health and Safety across varying levels within the industry. To capture information that gave both a broad perspective and a more specific perspective, three broad workbooks were prepared (trades and supervisors, employers, and Health and Safety professionals), along with a further two specific workbooks that were used with HSIP Graduates and Procurers of construction (see Appendices). The workbooks were designed to elicit information that impacted across the whole industry – including “general” construction Health and Safety needs, trade-specific needs and supervisor training needs; and from a range of levels within the industry (i.e. Worker, Tradesperson, Supervisor, Employer, Health and Safety Professional, HSIP Graduate and Procurer). The draft questions were tested with the Strategic Reference group and were amended based on the feedback received. The draft workbook was then tested with a pilot group made up of select Health and Safety specialists representing some of the larger construction companies in New Zealand (including Mainzeal, Fosters and Multiplex). Their feedback provided insight not only as responses to the questions, but also to the user-friendliness of the workbook. Based on their feedback, the workbook was split into two separate workbooks – an individual one that captured quick quantitative responses and provided a ‘volume’ of information; and a group workbook that recorded more qualitative feedback providing greater depth of information. 1.2 Industry consultation

Following many discussions, the consultation process was refined to include: > 15 General consultation forums

• Whangarei

• North Shore


• Auckland

• Hamilton

• Tauranga

• Taupo

• New Plymouth

• Napier

• Palmerston North

• Wellington

• Nelson

• Christchurch

• Queenstown

• Dunedin

• Invercargill

> Specialist forums

• A pilot group with Health and Safety specialists;

• Site Safe’s training advisors;

• Department of Labour,

• One Site Safe Liaison group;

• Graduates of the HSIP qualification;

• BCITO training advisors.

> Procurer meetings

• Marsden Point Oil Refinery;

• Fonterra, Edendale Dairy Factory and Hamilton;

• Port Otago;

• Lyttelton Port;

• New Zealand Aluminium Smelter, Tiwai Point;

• OnTrack;

• Shell Todd Oil;

• Kinleith Mill – Carter Holt Harvey.

1.3 The report

> Each section begins with a summary of the main points discussed in the section;

> When referring to the specific groups consulted with, the role designation is capitalised – e.g. Health and Safety Professionals. However, when referring to Health and Safety professionals generally, their role designation has been written in small letters;


> All figures are based on the number of mentions given by a specific group (as often a group attributed more than on mention to a question. In order to ensure that figures could be compared across the various groups of different sizes, percentages were calculated based on the number of mentions for that particular group.

• E.g. If the Trades and Supervisors group had 60 responses for “Yes” and 40 responses for

“No”, then the percentage of mentions represented for “Yes” were calculated as follows:

Number of responses for Yes = 60 = 60% Total number of T&S responses 100

> All tables provided in the report are available in Excel for further calculations if required.


10. Appendices <See attached copies of consultation booklets>

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