Building Materials:

1. Building Materials:

Materials used in construction:

Petreous materials, Biender materials, Concrete, Ceramic materials and Others.

Construction of buildings:

Seven steps.

Materials used in construction:

Petreous materials: materials that are made of stone. Types:

>Compact stones:blocks oflimestone, granite, marble...

>Disgragated stones: fragments of stones such as arids and clays. There are two types: fine and coarse.

>Petreous materials:

Materials used in construction:

Biender materials: materials that mixed with water become pasty and when they solidificate they acquire stiffness.

>Lime: it comes from limestone.>Gypsum: with water, it is used to cover walls

and roofs.>Cement: it is the most used biender material.

>Biender Materials:

Materials used in construction:

Concrete: it is a mixture of arids, bienders and water.

>Mass: formed by water, cement and sand.>Cyclopean: formed by cement, water and

very big arids.>Cellular: it has bubbles inside, so that they

are lightier and better termic insulator.>Reinforced: it has bars of steel inside, so

that they are stronger.

>Concrete materials:

Materials used in construction:

Ceramic materials: they are pieces of clay baked in ovens.

>Bricks: they have prismatic forms and holes.>Roof tiles: used in roofs.>Tiles: square shaped pieces used in

bathrooms and kitchens.>Porcelain: it is used for bathroom's

sanitaries.>Stoneware: made of clay, quartz and

feldspar, it is used in roofs and walls.

>Ceramic materials:

Materials used in construction:

Other materials:>Metals: the most used are: -Steel: used for reinforced concrete. -Aluminium: for doors, windows... -Copper: instalations of water, gas and

heating.>Wooden: used in roofs, doors, windows,

floor...>Plastic: artificial materials used in plumbs,

cables, windows, flooring, enclosures...>Glass: in windows, doors, decoration...

>Other materials:

Construction of buildings:

1.-Preparation of terrain:By demolition, earth moving and leveling.The used machines are heavy machinery.

Construction of buildings:

2.-Foundation: Placement of the elements that hold up the

building. They are made of mass and reinforced concrete. There are three types: zapatas, pilotes and losas. By excavators and cranes.

Construction of buildings:

3.-Structure: The pillars and the forges are constructed.

Pillars are made of reinforced concrete. The forges are made of beams and vaults. Machinery: cranes.

Construction of buildings:

4.- Roofing: It is the placement of the roof of the building.

It depends on the climate of each place. It has insulations. There are 2 types:

mixed roof tile and arabic roof tile.

Construction of buildings:

5.-Cladding:It consists of the exteriorm wall of the building.

It is made of bricks and a termic and acoustic insulators, called polyurethane

foam.

Construcion of buildings:

6.- Flooring and cloison:-Cloison is to separe the rooms. The walls are

not as thick as in cladding. Itis made of bricks and plasterboard.

-Flooring is the floor of the different rooms. Types of flooring:

-terrazzo, marble, wood, granite, stone, synthetic, laminated and sandstones.

Flooring and cloison:

Construction of buildings:

7.- Finishing and other facilities:>Finishing:-exterior: marble facings, peinture, mortars..-interior: peinture, limestone, furniture...

>Other facilities:-plumbing, heating, electrical, air conditioning,

alarms and intercorms, tv, radio, telephone, internet and others.