bui final presentation
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
1/26
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
2/26
Outlines
1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Factors affecting BMP Selection
4. Common BMPs used in Green Buildings
5. Data & Procedure for Planning Stormwater Design
6. Case Project Studies
7. Difficulties & Solutions
8. Conclusions
2
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
3/26
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
4/26
Research Process
1. Review literature
2. Analyze factors
affecting BMP selection
3. Survey studies to define
common BMPs used in
green buildings
4. Find data and equations
for LEED & Greenroads
5. Compare LEED &
Greenroads in
stormwater design
6. Establish aprocedure for
planning in
stormwater
design
7. Use two casestudies to
examine the
established
procedure
8. Propose difficulties and
solutions for
stormwater design
4
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
5/26
2. Literature Review
2.1 Best Management Practices (BMPs)
Structural BMPs refer to physical
structures designed to remove
pollutants from stormwater runoff,
reduce downstream erosion,
provide flood control, and
promote groundwater recharge.
They typically require engineering
design.
Non-structural BMPs include a
range of pollution prevention,
education, management and
development practices designed to
limit the conversion of rainfall into
runoff.
They normally do not have
technical or engineering designs
BMPs
Structural BMPs Non-structural BMPs
2. Literature Review
2.1 Best Management Practices (BMPs)
1. Dry extended-detention pond2. Wet ponds
3. Infiltration basins
4. Infiltration trenchs
5. Permeable pavements
6. Bioretention
7. Sand & organic media filters
8. Constructed wetlands
9. Grassed swales10. Vegetated filter strips
11. Catch basins/Catch basins inserts
12. Rain barrels and cisterns
13. Manufactured products for stormwater inlet
14. Greenroofs
15. Rain gardens
16. Dry wells
17. Alum injection18. Buffer zones
19. Open space design
20. Urban forestry
21. Conservation easements
22. Infrastructure planning
23. Narrower residential streets
24. Curb cuts
25. Green parking26. Alternative turnarounds
27. Alternative pavers
28. BMP inspection & maintenance
29. Ordinances for post-construction runoff
30. Zoning
31. Modular treatment system
32. Dynamic vortex separators
BMPs
Structural BMPs Non-structural BMPs
16 16
Stormwater
Wetlands
Bioretention
Greenroof
Permeable
Pavement
Grassed swale
5
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
6/26
2.2 Low Impact Development (LID)
LID is developed from BMPs. This is a stormwater management strategy
and emphasizes on design to mimic the natural hydrology for the site
LID
Practices
Designstrategy
6
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
7/26
2.3 Stormwater Design Credits in LEED
26 pts
10 pts
35 pts
14 pts 15 pts
6 pts 4 pts
SS WE EA MR IEQ ID RP
Allocation of points in 7 categories of LEED
Objectives1. SS 6.1- Stormwater design: Quantity control
(1 point)
2. SS 6.2- Stormwater design: Quality control
(1 point)
StormwaterDesign
7
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
8/26
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
9/26
EW - 2 Runoff flow control
ROW
The goal of this credit is to mimic predevelopment hydrological conditions in
the right of way (ROW) and minimize offsite stormwater control.
EW - 3 Runoff quality
The goal of this credit is to improve water quality (80% volume treated with 3
treatment levels) of stormwater runoff leaving the roadway ROW.
2.5 Stormwater Design Credits in Greenroads
9
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
10/26
3. Factors affecting BMP selection
3.1 Sources to define factors
America Europe Australia
East Asia
DID, MAS
3.1 Factors for BMP selection
10
No.
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
11/26
4. Common BMPs usedin Green Buildings
1. USEPA 2. LEEDprojects
1. USEPA
BMPs Used (%)
1. Grassed swales 62
2. Bioretention (including rain garden) 52
3. Permeable pavement 47
4. Rain barrels and cisterns 45
5. Curb cuts 38
6. Greenroofs 17
- 32BMPs (including structural and non-structural BMPs) were proposed in 2003.
- 6common BMPs used according to a report of ASLA in 2011.
479case
studies
from
43states
6
11
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
12/26
2. LEED projects
LEED version
Projectv2.0 v2.1 v2.2 v3 Total
Available 289 1,202 3,038 0 4,529
With case study only 65 47 15 0 127
Number of reviewed LEED projects
11 projects are removed due to missing information. 116
%
30 %
41 %
51 %
96 %
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Certified Silver Gold Platinum
Percentage of projects earning
SS 6.1 & SS 6.2
12
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
13/26
Common BMPs used in Green Buildings
1
2
2
3
514
14
16
19
2034
38
42
42
76
15. Infiltration trench
14. Restored Riparian buffer
13. Catch basin
12. Infiltration basin
11. Open space design
10. Constructed Wetland
9. Sand/Vegetated filter
8. Wet Pond
7. Extended Detention pond
6. Curb cuts
5. Greenroof
4. Rain Barrel & Cistern
3. Bioretention/Rain garden
2. Bio/Grassed Swales
1. Permeable Pavement
BMPs LEED Projects
10
13
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
14/26
5.1 Equations and Data needs for LEED
1. Runoff coefficients for different surface types and for the site.
[C] = (Ci Ai) Ai
2. Runoff volume is often calculated by the NRCS method (1986).
Runoff volume[] = 0.2
+ 0.8
The value of Sis related to the soil and surface characteristics of the drainage
area by the following equation:
=1000
10
CNis the curve number, unitless. It has a range from 30 to 100. The low number
indicates the area has low runoff potential while large number means high
runoff potential.
5. Data & Procedure for Planning Stormwater Design
14
3. Peak flow rate for the site.Peak Flow Rate[Q]= C I A
Website provides rainfall data: www.cwb.gov.tw (Taiwan)
www.nws.noaa.gov (U.S.)
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/http://www.cwb.gov.tw/http://www.nws.noaa.gov/http://www.nws.noaa.gov/http://www.cwb.gov.tw/ -
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
15/26
5.1 Equations and Data needs for LEED
Climate zone Annual Precipitation (in) Estimated 90% of annual rainfall (in)
Humid >40 1 over total site
Semiarid 20-40 0.75 over total site
Arid
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
16/26
5.2 Comparisons between LEED & Greenroads
SimilaritiesDifferences
Requirements, Equations and Data needs
LEED requirements and equations are simpler than Greenroads in both credits
(stormwater quantity and quality). Especially in stormwater quality credit, Greenroadsis more complicated with three treatment levels (basic, enhanced & oil)
Advantages
LEED has a large database with many certified projects because it was developed for a
longer time, there are more examples to follow to obtain LEED certification.
Greenroads needs time to accumulate certified projects to form a stronger database.
16
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
17/26
5.3 Establish Procedure
1. Collect
data
2. Select
suitableBMPs
3. Develop
SWMconcept plan
4. Evaluate
performance
ImplementSWM plan
Execution
Planning
Procedure for planning stormwater design
Modify concept
planNO
YES
17
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
18/26
Step 1 Collect data
5. Data & Procedure for Planning Stormwater Design
o Guidelines of stormwater management from governments or regulations,
such as manuals of BMPs.
o Location, climate zone of the project, such as being located in the humid,
arid or semiarid place.
o Square area including total area and imperviousness area, total segment
length and total width of cross section.
o Surface type on site, runoff coefficients for surface types.
o Drainage area characteristics and the curve number.
o Precipitation/weather data, including rainfall depth, storm duration in 1-
year, 2-year 24-hour, rainfall per 24 hours, and 90% of annual rainfall.
5. Data & Procedure for Planning Stormwater Design
Step 2 Select suitable BMPs
5. Data & Procedure for Planning Stormwater Design
Site suitabilityparameter
Cost &
community concern
BMP selection process
List of commonBMPs
Phase 1 Phase 2Input
List of the best
BMPs for a project
Output
BMP selection process
Site Suitability Cost & Community concern
1. Land use
2. Space required
3. Size of drainage are4. Drained soil and Steep slope
5. Quantity control
6. Water quality
7. High % impervious area
1. Construction cost
2. Maintenance cost
3. Community acceptance4. Conservation habitat
5. Safety concern
18
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
19/26
Step 3 Develop SWM concept plan
Items should be included in a concept plan
o Land use planning, by indicating positions of building, landscape area, road.
o All the suitable BMPs attained and their location.
o Directions of runoff flow from each practice and linkage to sewer system.
Step 4 Evaluate performance of selected BMPs
This step uses equations and dataproposed to assess whether a project is
able to earn credits in the LEED or not.
o
If the project can meet credit requirements, it will move to implement theSWM plan.
o If not, the project team has to define what the problems are, what is not
reasonable in design and which parameters should be considered by going
back to step 3 to modify the concept design.
19
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
20/26
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
21/26
1. Bioretention
2. Grassed swales
3. Permeable
pavement4. Curb cuts
Selected BMPS
Baseline case
Design case
Quantity volume reduction of the renovation office
Quality control in the renovation office
TSS = 60 + 85(60 x 85)/100 = 94% removal (> 80%)
WQVH= (0.083 ft) A = 0.083 ft 3.5 acres = 0.29arce-ft
21
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
22/26
Case 2 Fisher Pavilion at Seattle Center, WA, U.S.
This building was rebuilt in November 2002, and got certified by LEED
v2/v2.1 with 29 points in total, but did not achieve stormwater credits of
LEED. It provides 52% of pervious area.
The site includes an exhibition hall, upper plaza, lower plaza, and civic green.
Project location
Section
S= 2.6 acres
22
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
23/26
1. Grassed swales
2. Bioretention
3. Permeable
pavement
Selected BMPS
Baseline case
Design case
SWM concept plan
Quantity volume and peak flow rate reduction of Fisher Pavilion
Quality control in Fisher Pavilion
TSS = 60 + 85(60 x 85)/100 = 94% removal (> 80%)
WQVS= (0.063 ft) x 2.6 acres = 0.16acre-ft
23
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
24/26
7. Difficulties & Solutions
7.1 Difficulties encountered in implementation7.2 Solutions
1. Solutions to low data availability
The government should take the lead role to launch the
research about stormwater management in many locations.
This work will help define and collect data which relate to
weather, rainfall event, conditions and characteristics.
2. Solutions to lack of knowledge in design
Education is the best solution to improve awareness of
project participants in stormwater management. Land use
planning, technical capacities of BMPs or LID design, etc.
should be educated.
24
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
25/26
8. Conclusions
8.1 Achievements
1. The research defines twelve factors affecting BMP selection and ten BMPs
commonly usedin green buildings based on guidelines and LEEDs projects.
2. This research presents how to achieve effective stormwater design throughthe use of figures, tables, equations, data, and regulations which contain
necessary information and stormwater design parameters for the site.
3. The established procedure helps designers have a better understanding of
how to design a good SWM plan.
4. Two main difficultiesin low data availability and lack of knowledge in
design with proposed solution will help the procedure better in the future.
8.2 Limitations
1. Non-structural BMPs are not mentioned deeply in the research because
they are related to principles and require sufficient understanding from
communities and designers before implementation.
2. Limited data availability, so only some projects in the U.S. are discussed
3. Limited knowledge, only existing equations and regulations from LEED
and Greenroads are explained, but the background knowledge of these
equations and regulations is not discussed.
25
-
8/10/2019 BUI Final Presentation
26/26
Thank you for your attention !