bugpower_grease trap management

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BUGPOWER_GTMMICROBIALS IN FOG TRAP MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION

FOGs from Sink, Dishwasher, Kitchen etc enter the drains and when they solidify underlow temperatures, they pose lot of problems including the blockage of the drain systemand emanation of foul odours, high pollution in the waste waters affecting the ecology,reduced efficiency of the sewage systems.

Grease traps can either be free standing or below gound.Grease Traps can be of Stainless Steel or of Polypropylene.

Biodegradation of fat, oil, and grease (FOGs) plays an important role in wastewatermanagement and water pollution control. However, many industrial food-processing andfood restaurants generate FOG-containing wastewaters for which there is no acceptabletechnology for their pretreatment.

Fats are mainly composed of molecules called triglycerides. Triglycerides contain 3 long-chain fatty acids linked to a 3-carbon backbone (glycerol). The first step in thedegradation of triglycerides is the cleavage of the 3 bonds that link the 3 fatty acids tothe glycerol backbone.Fat splitting has been completely revolutionized by the introduction of lipases into theindustrial arena. The conventional physico-chemical means of lipolysis have now beenundershadowed by the biocatalysis using microbial lipases.Lipases and esterases are the enzymes that catalyze this first step. While the reversereaction is possible, it is energetically unfavorable, and the bonds will not re-form (expectunder special circumstances).Generally, lipases will cleave one bond at a time to generate free fatty acids and mono-and di-glycerides. The free fatty acids can combine with calcium ions to form insoluble

salts. These salts could cause clogs.However, bacteria, unlike straight enzyme products, have the ability to further degrade

and utilize the free fatty acids.

FOG is the acronym for the wastewater borne fat, oil and grease waste from industrial,commercial and domestic food preparation. FOG, concentrated in a grease trap or grease interceptor, is usually referred to asgrease trap waste (GTW). In the rendering industry GTW is called brown grease.

GTW Analysis (example)Parameters Concentration Units

BOD5 > 22,260 mg/L% Solids 39.7 %pH 4.2 S.U.TSS 47,120 mg/LTVS 388,857 mg/L*Fecal Coliform >240,000 MPN/gmFOG (avg.) 579,333 mg/L


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* Consider GTW as a class B biosolid with regard to Pathogens

Nutrient Analysis (Example)Parameters Concentration UnitsTKN 56 mg/L

Ammonia 10 mg/L

Organic N 46 mg/LNitrate N non-detect --Total P 29 mg/L

Total N per ton (dry wt.) = ~ 9.3 lbs Total P per ton (dry wt.) = ~ 4.8 lbs

Land Treatment Approach to GTW Management Soil microbes, particularly, bacteria and fungi, utilize (decompose) the FOG and otherwaste as food. The microbial population dies-off after the food supply is exhausted GTW ISBIODEGRADED.

Applied agronomically, GTW can improve soil texture and organic content DECEASED MICROBES BECOME HUMUS. Over application of GTW can cause undesirable odors as a result of anaerobicconditions in the soil and the above scheme is upset ODORS, FERTILITY, SOIL pH &CROP GROWTH are adversely affected.

Microorganisms Useful:Bacteria can adapt to a range of conditions and food supplies. They can change the typeof enzymes that they produce if the food source changes. They can protect themselvesfrom changes in environmental conditions by forming colonies, biofilms, or spores.Importantly, bacteria live in "communities" made up of7 different species. Each speciesfills a biological niche, and the population of each species grows or declines in response

to the environment. For example, a community may contain certain species thatefficiently degrade grease, and other species that thrive on cellulose

Lipases produced by microorganisms include those derived from microorganismsbelonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Achromobacter, Mucor, Candida,Humicola etc,

While P. candidum, P. camembertii, and M. mieheiproved the best for lipase production,Other suitable candidates for lipase activity are

Acinetobacterspp.

Achromobacter

Alcaligenes sp.

Arthrobacterspp. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Bacillus laevolacticus

Bacillus licheniformis

Bacillus macerans

Bacillus megaterium de Bary

Bacillus pasteurii

Bacillus pumilus,


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Bacillus subtilis

Candida antarctica

Candida parapsilosis

Candida rugosa

Comamonas Burkholderia

Corynebacterium spp.

Crytococcus spp.

Flavobacterium

Geotricum candidum

Humicola lanuginosus

Hyphozyma insolens

Mucor miehei

Mycobacterium spp.

Nocardia spp.

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Pseudomonas cepacia

Pseudomonas putida

Rhizomucor miehei Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus

Rhodococcus spp.

Thermomyces lanuginosus

Xanthomonas spp.

Tab. 1. Predominant Bacteria in Soil Samples Polluted with Aliphatic and AromaticHydrocarbons, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, and Chlorinated Compounds

Gram-Negative Bacteria Gram-Positive BacteriaPseudomonas spp. Nocardia spp.

Acinetobacterspp. Mycobacterium spp.Alcaligenes sp. Corynebacterium spp.Flavobacterium/ Arthrobacterspp.Cytophaga group

Xanthomonas spp. Bacillus spp

Table 2 Degradation efficiency of lipase producing microorganisms incontaminated fat and oil kitchen wastewater treatment.

Microorganisms Fat/Oil degradation(%) COD decrease(%)Control 9.03 58.54

Acinetobacter sp. (KUL 8) 17.13 77.10

Bacillus sp. (KUL39) 19.92 76.80Pseudomonas sp. (KLB 1) 55.91 90.26

Acinetobacter sp. : Pseudomonas sp. 60.42 90.56

Bacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus amyloliquefaciens - superior protease production for protein digestion.

Bacillus pasteuriiBacillus pasteurii- superior lipase production for grease digestion.


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Bacillus laevolacticusBacillus laevolacticus - extremely fast germination, superior lipase production for greasedigestion.


Bacillus licheniformis - good lipase production for grease digestion, cellulase productionfor cellulose degradation and amylase production for starch degradation.

Bacillus thuringiensisBacillus thuringiensis degrades polar organic solvents lipase to digest colloidal materialsuch as oils, lipids, grease and fat

Comamonas andXanthomonas.Further important degraders of organic pollutants can be found within the generaComamonas Burkholderia, andXanthomonas. Some species utilize `100 differentorganic compounds as carbon sources.

FlavobacteriumFlavobacterium degrades chlorophenols.(MCALLISTER et al., 1996).

PseudomonasPseudomonas, aerobic gram-negative rods that never show fermentative activities,seem to have the highest degradative potential, e.g., Pseudomonas putida and P.fluorescens. The immense potential of the pseudomonas does not solely depend on thecatabolic enzymes, but also on their capability of metabolic regulation (HOUGHTON andSHANLEY, 1994).

Rhodococcus spp

A second important group of degrading bacteria are the gram-positive rhodococci andcoryneform bacteria. Many species, now classified as Rhodococcus spp. had originallybeen described as Nocardia spp., Mycobacterium spp., and Corynebacterium spp.Rhodococci are aerobic actinomycetes showing considerable morphological diversity. Acertain group of these bacteria possess mycolic acids at the external surface of the cell.These compounds are unusual long-chain alcohols and fatty acids, esterified to thepeptidoglycan of the cell wall. Probably, these lipophilic cell structures have asignificance for the affinity of rhodococci to lipophilic pollutants.In general, rhodococci have high and diverse metabolic activities and are able tosynthesize biosurfactantsRhodococcus chlorophenolicus degrades pentachlorophenol through a hydrolyticdechlorination and three reductive dechlorinations, producing trihydroxybenzene

(APAJALAKTI and SALKINOJASALONEN, 1987).

Rhizopus oryzaeRhizopus oryzae produces an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing fats and oils.

Wastewater-associated bacteria preferentially degraded octadecatrienoic acid (18:33)and octadecadienoic acid (18:26).

CONTENTS OF BUGPOWER_GTM


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Alcaligenes sp.


Bacillus megaterium de Bary

Bacillus pumilus

Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus thuringiensis

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Pseudomonas putida

Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus

SALIENT FEATURES OF BUGPOWER_GTM

Controls the problems of FOG in a safe and environmental friendly manner

Degrades and digests FOG into Carbon Dioxide and Water.

Free from Acids and corrosive materials

Harmless

Naturally occurring ingredients

Non Toxic

Prevents Blocks of the drains.

Reduces BOD and COD

Reduces foul odors associated with grease traps

Used in Grease Traps, Drains etc.

Useful in Kitchens, Restaurants, Hotels, Hospitals, Hostels, Canteens etc.

SUGGESTED LEVEL AND METHOD OF APPLICATION:BUGPOWER_GTM is periodically injected into the connecting drainage pipe upstreamof the trap.The mixture of contaminated water and BUGPOWER_GTM flows into the trap through a

sediment bucket. The sediment bucket removes any larger particles that may be presentin the drain waste.In general, the physical capacity of the trap provides a separation area where relativedensity differences allow finer solids to settle to the trap floor and less dense FOGS torise to the surface.Normally less contaminated water flows to the outlet drain during periods of intense use.Floating FOGs are gradually broken down by BUGPOWER_GTM. The resulting liquidfree from FOG is then discharged to the sewer.

Dose Frequency and Dose Quantity of BUGPOWER_GTM largely depends on thefollowing factors.

Climatic temperature within the drain system,

Flow rates of water, No of Traps,

Rate of Consumption of the FOGs in the preparation of the food

Volumes of the food involved.

However an average of 75 mg BUGPOWER_GTM dissolved in about 0.75 ml of softwater free from Chlorine and added with about 75 mg Sugar and kept aside in a wide


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mouthed container or preferably with an aerator for every 8 hours/ Grease Trap issuggested, which can be improved on trial and error.

BUT THE FIRSTEVER DOSETO START WITH MUST BE 4 TIMES THE ABOVEDOSE.

FOR BETTER RESULTSA small wall mounted pump and two containers one of BUGPOWER_GTM and theother of water free from Chlorine may be installed to administer a timely and measureddose after use of detergents and bleaches.

REFERENCES:Angelova B & Schmauder HP (1999) Lipophilic compounds in biotechnology-interactionswith cells and technological problems. J. Biotechnol. 67: 1332

Atlas RM (1981) Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons: an environmentalperspective. Microbiol. Rev. 45: 180209

Banat, IM (1995) Biosurfactants production and possible uses in microbial enhanced oilrecovery and oil pollution remediation. Bioresource Technol. 51: 112Bragg JR, Prince RC, Wilkinson JB & Atlas R (1992) Bioremediation for shorelinecleanup following the 1989 Alaskan oil spill. Exxon, Co. USA, Houston

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