buffers and acid/base titration
DESCRIPTION
Buffers and Acid/Base Titration. Reaction of Weak Bases with Water. The base reacts with water, producing its conjugate acid and hydroxide ion:. CH 3 NH 2 + H 2 O CH 3 NH 3 + + OH - K b = 4.38 x 10 -4. K b for Some Common Weak Bases. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Buffers
Buffers andAcid/Base Titration
1Reaction of Weak Bases with WaterThe base reacts with water, producing its conjugate acid and hydroxide ion:CH3NH2 + H2O CH3NH3+ + OH- Kb = 4.38 x 10-4
2Kb for Some Common Weak BasesBaseFormulaConjugate AcidKbAmmoniaNH3NH4+1.8 x 10-5MethylamineCH3NH2CH3NH3+4.38 x 10-4EthylamineC2H5NH2C2H5NH3+5.6 x 10-4Diethylamine(C2H5)2NH(C2H5)2NH2+1.3 x 10-3Triethylamine (C2H5)3N (C2H5)3NH+4.0 x 10-4HydroxylamineHONH2HONH3+ 1.1 x 10-8HydrazineH2NNH2H2NNH3+ 3.0 x 10-6AnilineC6H5NH2C6H5NH3+ 3.8 x 10-10PyridineC5H5NC5H5NH+ 1.7 x 10-9Many students struggle with identifying weak bases and their conjugate acids.What patterns do you see that may help you?3Reaction of Weak Bases with WaterThe generic reaction for a base reacting with water, producing its conjugate acid and hydroxide ion:B + H2O BH+ + OH-
(Yes, all weak bases do this DO NOTendeavor to make this complicated!)4Buffered SolutionsA solution that resists a change in pH when either hydroxide ions or protons are added. Buffered solutions contain either:A weak acid and its saltA weak base and its salt5Acid/Salt Buffering PairsWeak AcidFormulaof the acidExample of a salt of the weak acidHydrofluoricHFKF Potassium fluorideFormicHCOOHKHCOO Potassium formateBenzoicC6H5COOHNaC6H5COO Sodium benzoateAceticCH3COOHNaH3COO Sodium acetateCarbonicH2CO3NaHCO3- Sodium bicarbonatePropanoicHC3H5O2 NaC3H5O2 - Sodium propanoateHydrocyanicHCNKCN - potassium cyanideThe salt will contain the anion of the acid, and the cation of a strong base (NaOH, KOH)6Base/Salt Buffering PairsThe salt will contain the cation of the base, and the anion of a strong acid (HCl, HNO3)BaseFormula of the baseExample of a salt of the weak acidAmmoniaNH3NH4Cl- ammonium chlorideMethylamineCH3NH2CH3NH2Cl methylammonium chlorideEthylamineC2H5NH2C2H5NH3NO3 - ethylammonium nitrateAnilineC6H5NH2C6H5NH3Cl aniline hydrochloridePyridineC5H5N C5H5NHCl pyridine hydrochloride7
Titration of an Unbuffered SolutionA solution that is 0.10 M CH3COOH is titrated with 0.10 M NaOH8
Titration of a Buffered SolutionA solution that is 0.10 M CH3COOH and 0.10 M NaCH3COO is titrated with 0.10 M NaOH9Comparing Results
BufferedUnbuffered10Comparing Results
UnbufferedBufferedIn what ways are the graphs different?In what ways are the graphs similar?11Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
This is an exceptionally powerful tool, and its use will be emphasized in our problem solving. 12
Weak Acid/Strong Base TitrationA solution that is 0.10 M CH3COOH is titrated with 0.10 M NaOHEndpoint is above pH 713
Strong Acid/Strong Base TitrationA solution that is 0.10 M HCl is titrated with 0.10 M NaOHEndpoint is at pH 714
Strong Acid/Strong Base TitrationA solution that is 0.10 M NaOH is titrated with 0.10 M HClEndpoint is at pH 7It is important to recognize that titration curves are not always increasing from left to right.15
Strong Acid/Weak Base TitrationA solution that is 0.10 M HCl is titrated with 0.10 M NH3Endpoint is below pH 716Selection of Indicators
17Indicator TransitionsIndicatorLow pH colorTransition pH rangeHigh pH colorGentian violet (Methyl violet 10B)yellow0.02.0blue-violetLeucomalachite green (first transition)yellow0.02.0greenLeucomalachite green (second transition)green11.614colorlessThymol blue (first transition)red1.22.8yellowThymol blue (second transition)yellow8.09.6blueMethyl yellowred2.94.0yellowBromophenol blueyellow3.04.6purpleCongo redblue-violet3.05.0redMethyl orangered3.14.4orangeBromocresol greenyellow3.85.4blueMethyl redred4.46.2yellowMethyl redred4.55.2greenAzolitminred4.58.3blueBromocresol purpleyellow5.26.8purpleBromothymol blueyellow6.07.6bluePhenol redyellow6.88.4redNeutral redred6.88.0yellowNaphtholphthaleincolorless to reddish7.38.7greenish to blueCresol Redyellow7.28.8reddish-purplePhenolphthaleincolorless8.310.0fuchsiaThymolphthaleincolorless9.310.5blueAlizarine Yellow Ryellow10.212.0redLitmusred4.5-8.3blueSource: Wikipedia18Chart12.882.3043.513.13553.8144.154.284.394.484.584.674.754.844.935.025.125.235.355.515.716.038.7211.3711.6711.8311.9512.0412.1112.1612.2112.2512.2912.3212.3512.3812.412.4312.4512.4712.4812.512.51
milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pH
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milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pH
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milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pH
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milliliterspH
Sheet4milliliterspHLine position:0coordinates for vertical line0001
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milliliterspH
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SelectPrintExpandLabel AxesChart24.753.84.813.13554.844.884.934.975.025.075.125.175.235.295.355.435.515.65.715.846.036.348.8711.3811.6711.8311.9512.0412.1112.1612.2112.2512.2912.3212.3512.3812.412.4312.4512.4712.4812.512.51
milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pH
Sheet1milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pHLine position:2004.7514.824.8434.8844.9354.97coordinates for vertical line65.02203.875.072013.135585.1295.17105.23115.29125.35135.43145.51155.6165.71175.84186.03196.34208.872111.382211.672311.832411.952512.042612.112712.162812.212912.253012.293112.323212.353312.383412.43512.433612.453712.473812.483912.54012.51
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milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pH
Sheet2milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pHLine position:20.0302.8813.523.813444.1554.28coordinates for vertical line64.3920.032.30474.4820.0313.135584.5894.67104.75114.84124.93135.02145.12155.23165.35175.51185.71196.03208.722111.372211.672311.832411.952512.042612.112712.162812.212912.253012.293112.323212.353312.383412.43512.433612.453712.473812.483912.54012.51
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milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pH
Sheet3milliliterspHLine position:0coordinates for vertical line0001
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milliliterspH
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milliliterspH
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SelectPrintExpandLabel AxesChart14.752.884.83.54.843.814.8844.934.154.974.285.024.395.074.485.124.585.174.675.234.755.294.845.354.935.435.025.515.125.65.235.715.355.845.516.035.716.346.038.878.7211.3811.3711.6711.6711.8311.8311.9511.9512.0412.0412.1112.1112.1612.1612.2112.2112.2512.2512.2912.2912.3212.3212.3512.3512.3812.3812.412.412.4312.4312.4512.4512.4712.4712.4812.4812.512.512.5112.51
y1y2mL 0.10 M NaOHpHGraph
Sheet1xy1y204.752.8814.83.5y1 and y2y1 and y2 and24.843.8134.88444.934.1554.974.2865.024.3975.074.4885.124.5895.174.67105.234.75115.294.84125.354.93135.435.02145.515.12155.65.23165.715.35175.845.51186.035.71196.346.03208.878.722111.3811.372211.6711.672311.8311.832411.9511.952512.0412.042612.1112.112712.1612.162812.2112.212912.2512.253012.2912.293112.3212.323212.3512.353312.3812.383412.412.43512.4312.433612.4512.453712.4712.473812.4812.483912.512.54012.5112.51
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y1y2mL 0.10 M NaOHpHGraph
ClearPractice DataPrint AllPlot A, BPlot A, CPlot A,B + A,CPrint GraphPlot A, DPlot A,B + A,C + A,DChart22.882.3043.513.13553.8144.154.284.394.484.584.674.754.844.935.025.125.235.355.515.716.038.7211.3711.6711.8311.9512.0412.1112.1612.2112.2512.2912.3212.3512.3812.412.4312.4512.4712.4812.512.51
milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pH
Sheet1milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pHLine position:0.2104.7514.824.8434.8844.9354.97coordinates for vertical line65.020.213.875.070.2113.135585.1295.17105.23115.29125.35135.43145.51155.6165.71175.84186.03196.34208.872111.382211.672311.832411.952512.042612.112712.162812.212912.253012.293112.323212.353312.383412.43512.433612.453712.473812.483912.54012.51
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milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pH
Sheet2milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pHLine position:002.8813.523.813444.1554.28coordinates for vertical line64.3902.30474.48013.135584.5894.67104.75114.84124.93135.02145.12155.23165.35175.51185.71196.03208.722111.372211.672311.832411.952512.042612.112712.162812.212912.253012.293112.323212.353312.383412.43512.433612.453712.473812.483912.54012.51
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milliliterspH
Clear Data
SelectPrintExpandLabel AxesChart14.753.84.813.13554.844.884.934.975.025.075.125.175.235.295.355.435.515.65.715.846.036.348.8711.3811.6711.8311.9512.0412.1112.1612.2112.2512.2912.3212.3512.3812.412.4312.4512.4712.4812.512.51
milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pH
Sheet1milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pHLine position:0.2104.7514.824.8434.8844.9354.97coordinates for vertical line65.020.213.875.070.2113.135585.1295.17105.23115.29125.35135.43145.51155.6165.71175.84186.03196.34208.872111.382211.672311.832411.952512.042612.112712.162812.212912.253012.293112.323212.353312.383412.43512.433612.453712.473812.483912.54012.51
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milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pH
Sheet2milliliterspHLine position:0coordinates for vertical line0001
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milliliterspH
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milliliterspH
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SelectPrintExpandLabel AxesChart12.882.3043.513.13553.8144.154.284.394.484.584.674.754.844.935.025.125.235.355.515.716.038.7211.3711.6711.8311.9512.0412.1112.1612.2112.2512.2912.3212.3512.3812.412.4312.4512.4712.4812.512.51
milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pH
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milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pH
Sheet2milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pHLine position:20.0302.8813.523.813444.1554.28coordinates for vertical line64.3920.032.30474.4820.0313.135584.5894.67104.75114.84124.93135.02145.12155.23165.35175.51185.71196.03208.722111.372211.672311.832411.952512.042612.112712.162812.212912.253012.293112.323212.353312.383412.43512.433612.453712.473812.483912.54012.51
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milliliterspH
Sheet4milliliterspHLine position:0coordinates for vertical line0001
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milliliterspH
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SelectPrintExpandLabel AxesChart30.990.7921.0413.13551.081.131.171.221.261.311.361.421.471.531.61.671.751.841.952.092.272.596.9911.3711.6711.8311.9512.0412.1112.1612.2112.2512.2912.3212.3512.3812.412.4312.4512.4712.4812.512.51
milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pH
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&CBeloit College&L&Z&F&R&D&T
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milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pH
Sheet2milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pHLine position:20.0302.8813.523.813444.1554.28coordinates for vertical line64.3920.032.30474.4820.0313.135584.5894.67104.75114.84124.93135.02145.12155.23165.35175.51185.71196.03208.722111.372211.672311.832411.952512.042612.112712.162812.212912.253012.293112.323212.353312.383412.43512.433612.453712.473812.483912.54012.51
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SelectPrintExpandLabel AxesChart412.991.17612.9213.639512.912.8512.8112.7612.7212.6712.6212.5612.5112.4512.3812.3112.2312.1412.0311.8911.7111.396.992.612.322.152.041.951.881.821.771.731.691.661.631.611.581.561.541.521.51.491.47
milliliters HCl (0.10 M)pH
Sheet1milliliters HCl (0.10 M)pHLine position:20012.99112.92212.9312.85412.81512.76coordinates for vertical line612.72201.176712.672013.6395812.62912.561012.511112.451212.381312.311412.231512.141612.031711.891811.711911.39206.99212.61222.32232.15242.04251.95261.88271.82281.77291.73301.69311.66321.63331.61341.58351.56361.54371.52381.5391.49401.47
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milliliters HCl (0.10 M)pH
Sheet2milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pHLine position:20.0302.8813.523.813444.1554.28coordinates for vertical line64.3920.032.30474.4820.0313.135584.5894.67104.75114.84124.93135.02145.12155.23165.35175.51185.71196.03208.722111.372211.672311.832411.952512.042612.112712.162812.212912.253012.293112.323212.353312.383412.43512.433612.453712.473812.483912.54012.51
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milliliterspH
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SelectPrintExpandLabel AxesChart20.990.7921.049.71251.081.131.171.221.261.311.361.421.471.531.61.671.751.841.952.092.272.595.277.948.248.428.558.648.728.798.858.98.958.999.029.069.099.129.159.189.29.229.25
milliliters NH3 (0.10 M)pH
Sheet1milliliters NH3 (0.10 M)pHLine position:2000.9911.0421.0831.1341.1751.22coordinates for vertical line61.26200.79271.31209.712581.3691.42101.47111.53121.6131.67141.75151.84161.95172.09182.27192.59205.27217.94228.24238.42248.55258.64268.72278.79288.85298.9308.95318.99329.02339.06349.09359.12369.15379.18389.2399.22409.25
&CBeloit College&L&Z&F&R&D&T
Sheet1
milliliters NH3 (0.10 M)pH
Sheet2milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pHLine position:20.0302.8813.523.813444.1554.28coordinates for vertical line64.3920.032.30474.4820.0313.135584.5894.67104.75114.84124.93135.02145.12155.23165.35175.51185.71196.03208.722111.372211.672311.832411.952512.042612.112712.162812.212912.253012.293112.323212.353312.383412.43512.433612.453712.473812.483912.54012.51
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SelectPrintExpandLabel Axes&CBeloit College&L&Z&F&R&D&T
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milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pH
Sheet3milliliterspHLine position:0coordinates for vertical line0001
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SelectPrintExpandLabel Axes&CBeloit College&L&Z&F&R&D&T
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milliliterspH
Sheet4milliliterspHLine position:0coordinates for vertical line0001
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SelectPrintExpandLabel Axes&CBeloit College&L&Z&F&R&D&T
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milliliterspH
Clear Data
SelectPrintExpandLabel Axes