BY:

SAI RAM.K SAI KRISHNA.A

PAPER PRESENTATION ON BUBBLE POWER

INTRODUCTION The power generation is based on principle of

“sonofusion”.Sonofusion was derived from a related phenomenon,

“sonoluminescence”.

At one day it may become a revolutionary new energy source.

Sonofusion Research team from various organizations have joined forces to create acoustic fusion technology energy consortium (AFTEC) to promote the development of sonofusion.

SONOLUMINESCENCEWhen a gas bubble in liquid is excited by an ultrasonic

acoustic waves, it can emit short flashes of light of extreme temperatures inside the bubble.

These flashes of light, known as ‘sonoluminescence’, occur as the bubble implodes.

Chemical reactions occurs &yield of photons and ions formed

Gas bubbles in liquid convert sound energy into liquid. It is also called as single bubble sonoluminescenece

involve a single gas bubble trapped inside flask by a pressure field.

THE IDEA OF SONOFUSION Technically known as acoustic inertial confinement

fusion. In this piezoelectric crystal attached to a liquid-filled

flask send pressure waves through the fluid, exciting the motion of tiny gas bubbles.

High temperatures and pressure speculated at the bubble core .

This leading to conditions suitable for thermonuclear fusion.

BASIC REQUIREMENTSVacuum pumpPyrex flaskPiezoelectric crystalWave generatorAmplifierNeutron generatorNeutron and gamma ray detectorPhotomultiplierMicrophone & speaker Dueterated acetone(C3D6O).

HOW SONOFUSION WORKSAction of vacuum pump to remove natural occuring gas bubbles

in liquid because they can’t withstand high temparature&presure.Fill the flask with deuterated acetone because this atoms can

easily undergoes fusion&fiuid can withstand high tension without unwanted bubble.

For initiation an oscillating voltage of 20kHz applied to the ring through wave generator&amplifier,then it contract&expand,flask send pressure wave(max 1500kpa ,min -1500kpa) through liquid.

Fire a pulsed neutron generator when pressure reaches to lowest point.

ACTION IN THE FLASK

Stage (1)

The fast moving neutrons may knock atom’s nuclei&give their kinetic energy to liquid moleculesflying in the flask create a bubble cluster(about 1000 bubbles) in the deuterated acetone liquid.

Stage (2) By firing neutron

generator in low pressure i.e, negative pressure in the liquid makes the bubbles swell 100000 times in size (from nano to millimeter-scale).

Stage (3)The liquid pressure

turns positive and compresses the bubble, causing them to implode with great violence&creates spherical shockwaves within bubbles.

Stage(4)The implosion creates

an instantaneous pressure of 10 trillion kilopascals and temperature of more than 100 million degree C, making the deuterium fuse.

FUSION REACTION

Deuterium-Deuterium fusion has two probable outputs, helium and a 2.45-MeV neutron or tritium and a proton.

The energy of 2.45MeV neutron can be harnessed in a reactor to create water vapor &drive an electricity generator.

EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT TABLETOP NUCLEAR FUSION DEVICE

We gather two kinds of evidence that the deuterium is fusing.

The first is by measuring levels of another hydrogen isotope tritium

The second is neutron emissions detected by the neutron detector.

ADVANTAGESIt is self sustaining.Easily control.Produce more energy than it consumes.Low cost.Easily available raw materials.Environmental friendly.

APPLICATIONSThe technology might one day, in theory, lead to a new

source of energy. It may result in a new class of low cost energy.

Compact detectors for security applications.

To analyze molecular structure of materials.

Machines that cheaply manufacture new synthetic materials & efficiently produce tritium, which is used for medical imaging to watch dials.

FUTURE DEVELOPMENTSFully self-sustained.

neutronsneutrons

CONCLUSIONFor more than half a century, thermonuclear fusion has

held out the promise of cheap, clean and virtually limitless energy.

1 gram of deuterium,an isotope of hydrogen,would be equal to produced by burning 7000liters of gasoline.

Deuterium abundent in ocean water ,1 cubic kilometer of seawater could supply all the world’s needs for several hundred years.

REFERENCE

www.purdue.eduwww.iter.orgwww.washington.eduFuels& combustion-samir sarkarPrinciples of inorganic chemistry-

puri,sharma,kalia.

ANY QUERRIES?

THANK YOU