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Lesson 11—The Pen of My Aunt

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Lesson 11—The Pen of My Aunt

I. Word Study

II. Phrases and Expressions

III. Word Building—Suffix

IV. Grammar

Language Language StudyStudy

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Lesson 11—The Pen of My Aunt

I.I. Word StudyWord StudyWord list:

1. acclimatize

2. anathema

3. apt

4. barbarism

5. blot

6. comply

7. deceive

8. flout

9. hearten

10. liable

11. pry

12. score

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Lesson 11—The Pen of My Aunt

I.I. Word StudyWord Study1. acclimatize (to)

v. to become used to a new place, situation

or type of weather

Examples:

We try to acclimatize the students to a total

English language situation.

The James has not become acclimatized to long

hair.

acclimatize oneself to…

adj. acclimatizable

n. acclimatization

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Lesson 11—The Pen of My Aunt

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Examples:He is anathema to me.His misbehavior brought upon him his father’s

anathema.

anathematize v. 诅咒，谴责

2. anathema n. sth. that is completely the opposite of what you believe in

令人厌恶的人 / 物；咒骂，谴责

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Lesson 11—The Pen of My Aunt

3. apt

adj. having a natural tendency (to do sth.)

Examples:

A careless person is apt to make mistakes.

Plants are apt to suffer from drought.

The boy is apt to get into mischief.

The words were all apt and well chosen.

He is very apt at picking up a new subject.

a) 易于，有 ······ 倾向的　 b) 恰当的，适宜的c) 聪明的，反应敏捷的

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Lesson 11—The Pen of My Aunt

4. barbarism

n. an instance, act, trait or custom characterized

by brutality or coarseness

barbarity/barbarian n.

barbarous/barbaric adj.

barbarize vt.

Translation

野蛮状态；愚昧行为

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Lesson 11—The Pen of My Aunt

5. blot

v. to obliterate; to destroy completely; to

spread ink or dye

弄脏，涂上墨水渍；使蒙辱；使模糊，黯然失色

n. 污渍， 耻辱（品性、道德、名誉等）

Synonyms

blur spot stain

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Lesson 11—The Pen of My Aunt

Examples:

blot the paper with ink spots

a blot on the fair name of the school

学校名声的污点

memories blotted from sb.’s mind

从某人头脑中抹掉的记忆

We watched as the moon blotted the sun.

我们注视着月亮遮蔽了太阳。

blot out: to wipe out

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Lesson 11—The Pen of My Aunt

6. comply (with)

vi. to act according to a command, wish,

request, rule or the like

Examples:

comply with rules (safety regulations)

We couldn’t comply with your request.

遵守，依从，顺从

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7. deceive v. to make sb. believe sth. that is not true; to mislead

Examples:We will not deceive you in this matter.He deceived the old lady into lending him all

her money for his business.He was deceived in her. 他看错她了。

Word Formation

adj. deceitful n. deceit

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Lesson 11—The Pen of My Aunt

8. flout (at)

v. to treat or show with disdain or scorn

n. a disdainful or scornful act or insult

Examples:

flout sb’s advice

flout the law

You must not flout authority.

藐视，轻视，嘲弄

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Lesson 11—The Pen of My Aunt

9. hearten

v. to give strength or hope to; to encourage

Examples:

This good news will hearten you.

Their supporters are enormously heartened.

The engine heartened up.

鼓励，激励， 振作

Note

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adj. heartening 鼓舞人心的，令人振奋的 e.g. heartening prospect heartfelt 衷心的，诚挚的e.g. heartfelt joy/thanks/sympathyheartful 热诚的，真诚的 hearted （常用以构成复合词）有 ······ 心的；

有 ······ 心情的e.g. a kind-hearted man a light-hearted wanderer

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Lesson 11—The Pen of My Aunt

10. liable (to) adj.

a) likely or apt 有倾向可能

b) legally responsible 负有法律责任的， 有义务的

c) subject or susceptible 有危险的，可能遭受的，易患的

n. liability

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Lesson 11—The Pen of My Aunt

Examples:

She is liable to get angry.

The picnic is liable to be spoiled by rain.

The drop in unemployment is liable to stimulate

the economy.

You are liable for the damage caused by your

action.

He is liable to heart disease.

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Lesson 11—The Pen of My Aunt

11. pry v./n. a) to look or inquire closely or curiously, often in a furtive manner (pry into/about) b) to move, raise or open by leverage; to obtain difficultly Examples:

pry into/about the house/ one’s private affairs pry behind the curtain of sb.’s life pry open the door with a crowbar pry money from a miser

Translation

a) 窥视，偷看，打听（不相干的事）；付账

b) 撬开，费力得 到

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Lesson 11—The Pen of My Aunt

12. score v./n.

Examples:

He left early, leaving his friends to pay the

score.

I have scores of things to do.

The score was 3 to 1 in favor of our team.

The liberals have scored a dramatic victory

in this by-election.

Translation

a) 付账 b) 许多大量 c) 分数，比分d) 赢得，获得

Note

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Lesson 11—The Pen of My Aunt

make a score off sb. 驳倒某人

keep the score 在比赛中记分

on that/this score 在那 / 这点上，在那 / 这方面上

on the score of… 因为，为了 ······ 理由

pay off/ settle/ wipe out/ wipe off a score 报仇

score off 划去

score out/through 划掉，删去

score up 记下，把 ······ 记入账内

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Lesson 11—The Pen of My Aunt

List:

1. at bay

2. a matter of

3. authority on

4. delight in

5. mingle with

6. see about

7. set heart on

8. stand in one’s way

9. against all the odds

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1. at bay 　（猎物）被围处于走投无路的境地a beast at bay 困兽bring/drive sth. to bay 把猎物围困住；迫使其走投

无路The police brought the robbers to bay in a deep

valley. 　　keep/hold… at bay 使 ······ 不能迫近，使 ······ 无法近身He held me at bay with a pistol. 用枪迫使我不得近身keep inflation/infection/imagination at bay

　控制通货膨胀／感染／想象力

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2. a matter of

a matter of opinion 　　看法因人而异的问题

as a matter of fact 　　事实上，其实

in the matter of 　　　 在 ······ 方面，就······

而论

matter of courses 　　　理所当然的事，必然的结果

matter of fact 　不能否认的事实

no matter 　不要紧，无关紧要

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3. authority on 权威，威信

Examples:

He is an authority on preventive medicine.

A good dictionary is an authority on the

meanings of words.

He spoke with authority on the dangers of

smoking.

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4. delight in 　　感到高兴，愉快

　

Examples: 　

Some people delight in disagreeing with

everything anyone else says.

He delights in the theatre.

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5. mingle with 　　混合起来，相混合；相交往　　

Examples:

The spy mingled with the crowd.

Laughter mingled with the music and

appreciative comments.

She does not mingle much with people.

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6. see about 料理，办理，安排；注意；（口）考虑

Examples:

If you are too busy, I’ll see about the train ticket.

It’s time for me to see about dinner.

We can’t decide now, but we’ll see about that.

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7. set heart on 　 一心想得到 /做

Examples:

He set his heart on a bike.

I have set my heart on buying a television.

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8. stand in one’s way 阻碍

usages of “way”:

come a long way from the geese 远道而来；取得很大 成就，获得巨大进展fight one’s way 奋斗着前进，打开一条出路find one’s way to 设法到达，努力达到；（因自然或环境 的力量）来到，进入，流入give way 撤退，退让，屈服

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make one’s own way 发迹；获得成功

pave one’s way for 为 ······ 作准备，为 ······铺平道路

pay one’s way 支付费用，维持偿付能力

pick one’s way 小心行路；谨慎行事

take one’s way 离开，出发

under way 在进行中， 在前进中

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9. against all the odds 　尽管有极大的困难

Example: Against all the odds, I finished my work well

before the time that I wanted to leave.

at odds 　不和，意见不一致，不相称 She is at odds with her boss.

by (all and long) odds 　大大胜过地，肯定地，无疑

He was by all odds the strongest candidate.

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Lesson 11—The Pen of My Aunt

Noun suffixes summarized:

-(a)tion: anticipation, implication, consultation

-sion:commission, confession, admission

-ment:acknowledgement, movement, involvement

-ness:weakness, untidiness, carelessness

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-thstrength, growth, width

-age:linkage, marriage, tonnage

-al:arrival, dismissal, survival

-ance(ence):assistance, resistance, accordance

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-ture:mixture, fixture, literature

-y:difficulty, misery, jealousy

-(r)y:bakery, fishery, refinery

-graphy:geography, photography, bibliography

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-ology:biology, geology, ecology

-ist:Marxist, communist, capitalist

-ism:nationalism, imperialism, fundamentalism

-dom:freedom, kingdom, wisdom

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-ship:friendship, statesmanship, workmanship

-hood: manhood, childhood, neighborhood

-ility:ability, possibility, capability

-er(-or, -ar):teacher, visitor, liar

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-ee:employee, referee, payee

-eer: pioneer, volunteer, engineer

-(i)an: American, Korean, African

-ese: Chinese, Vietnamese, Burmese

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-ing:meeting, feeling, thinking

-ics:politics, physics, ethics

-ful:handful, mouthful, armful

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Lesson 11—The Pen of My Aunt

1. shall 1) (in AmE) Shall is formal and old-fashioned, not used as much as will, only used with I and we. 2) (in BrE) Shall is used with I and we in questions or when you want to make a suggestion or an offer.

Examples: What shall I wear to the party? Shall we order some coffee? I shall drive, shall I?

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Lesson 11—The Pen of My Aunt

3) shall

with you, he, she, and they, used for emphasizing

that the speaker is determined that something

will definitely happen

Example:

You shall have a new computer as a birthday

present.

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2. subjunctive mood 1) 非真实的条件句中引导词有 if, provided, providing (that), supposing/ suppose (that), given that, assuming (that), only if, in the event that

Examples: Were John here now, I would explain. Had you asked me, I’d have told you. Should it be necessary, I would go.

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2) 在宾语从句中表示要求 : ask, require, request, demand, insist, desire, maintain 表示建议： propose, suggest, urge, advise, recommend, move表示命令： command, order表示安排： arrange, decide 等动词后引导的宾语从句 中，谓语动词用 (should) + v(原形 )

Example: The doctor insists that this patient (should)

be operated now.

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3) 在主语从句中：It is necessary/important/strange/imperative/ essential/natural/desirable/incredible/ advisable that + (should) be/v.

Example: It is important that the money (should) be

collected for the cause.

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4) 在表语从句或同位语从句中在 suggestion, proposal, order, request, plan, idea, motion, recommendation 等名词后的 that引导的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用 (should)+ be/v.

Examples: My suggestion is that Freda (should) start at

once. We agree your plan that we (should) go now.

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5) I’d rather, I would rather, I’d just as soon（表示宁愿）引导的从句中 : 接完成时，表示过去的愿望与　　　　　　　　　　　　　过去相反； 接一般过去时，表示与现在或将

来相反。Example:

I’d rather you had finished the assignments.

It’s time +从句（用一般过去时）Example:

It’s high time we went home.

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Lesson 11—The Pen of My Aunt

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