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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- log: K:\Roger-Australia\Robustness-1\Ecuador-Finland_Imports.log log type: text opened on: 18 Aug 2006, 06:51:27 . clear . *Estimating the Australian Immigration Trade relationship; . insheet using k:\book2.txt (54 vars, 11640 obs) . drop if ccode ==. (10630 observations deleted) . . *Dropping Ecuador . drop if ccode==352140 (10 observations deleted) . . . . **Regression of Imports . tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000 . . **I. Aggregate Imports . xtgls lrimp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo > te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression Coefficients: generalized least squares Panels: heteroskedastic Correlation: panel-specific AR(1) Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000 Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100 Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8845.63 Log likelihood = -536.3547 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrimp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3330212 .0303783 10.96 0.000 .2734808 .3925615 lgdp | 1.190099 .0329789 36.09 0.000 1.125461 1.254737 lgdpau | .1565651 .5980472 0.26 0.793 -1.015586 1.328716 lgdpdfrati~w | -.911818 .2438728 -3.74 0.000 -1.3898 -.433836 lpopau | -2.480202 2.062068 -1.20 0.229 -6.521781 1.561378 lpop | .0263135 .0406999 0.65 0.518 -.0534568 .1060838 lxrate1 | -.130154 .0164077 -7.93 0.000 -.1623126 -.0979955 lremote | -.4361463 .0753975 -5.78 0.000 -.5839226 -.28837 ldist | -2.085273 .1597985 -13.05 0.000 -2.398473 -1.772074

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- log: K:\Roger-Australia\Robustness-1\Ecuador-Finland_Imports.log log type: text opened on: 18 Aug 2006, 06:51:27

. clear

. *Estimating the Australian Immigration Trade relationship;

. insheet using k:\book2.txt(54 vars, 11640 obs)

. drop if ccode ==. (10630 observations deleted)

.

. *Dropping Ecuador

. drop if ccode==352140(10 observations deleted)

.

.

.

. **Regression of Imports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Imports

. xtgls lrimp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8845.63Log likelihood = -536.3547 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrimp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3330212 .0303783 10.96 0.000 .2734808 .3925615 lgdp | 1.190099 .0329789 36.09 0.000 1.125461 1.254737

lgdpau | .1565651 .5980472 0.26 0.793 -1.015586 1.328716lgdpdfrati~w | -.911818 .2438728 -3.74 0.000 -1.3898 -.433836 lpopau | -2.480202 2.062068 -1.20 0.229 -6.521781 1.561378 lpop | .0263135 .0406999 0.65 0.518 -.0534568 .1060838 lxrate1 | -.130154 .0164077 -7.93 0.000 -.1623126 -.0979955 lremote | -.4361463 .0753975 -5.78 0.000 -.5839226 -.28837 ldist | -2.085273 .1597985 -13.05 0.000 -2.398473 -1.772074 lopen | .2674534 .0550191 4.86 0.000 .159618 .3752888 english | .9122301 .1262669 7.22 0.000 .6647516 1.159709 white | 4.636205 .5575734 8.31 0.000 3.543381 5.729029 lwhitemg | -.4306565 .0493934 -8.72 0.000 -.5274658 -.3338472 _cons | 39.10911 18.99476 2.06 0.039 1.88007 76.33814------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000923

lgdp | -.000302 .001088 lgdpau | -.000907 .001381 .357661lgdpdfrati~w | -.00078 .000087 -.009016 .059474 lpopau | .001825 -.008024 -1.20865 .048179 4.25213 lpop | -.00013 -.000732 .000104 .000229 -.000228 .001656 lxrate1 | .000085 .000148 .000348 .000202 -.002447 -.000085 .000269 lremote | .000477 .000085 -.000481 -.001769 -.003018 -.000281 .000105 ldist | .001621 .000926 .000585 -.001256 -.014156 -.00003 .001677 lopen | -.000162 .000607 .002393 .000699 -.016258 .000328 .00016 english | -.00118 .002737 .003036 .002038 -.011213 -.001256 .000533 white | .004323 -.001393 .003058 -.010399 -.025765 .004764 .000419 lwhitemg | -.000537 .000132 -.000273 .000969 .002768 -.000379 -.00006 _cons | -.023153 .073693 10.6465 -.598792 -38.5488 -.003861 .010871

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .005685 ldist | .005252 .025536 lopen | .001332 .001005 .003027 english | -.003187 .002257 -.000661 .015943 white | -.001033 .000104 -.000639 .004354 .310888 lwhitemg | .000188 -.000506 -.000023 -.000208 -.027097 .00244 _cons | -.032992 -.103654 .168524 .063981 .273173 -.028259 360.801

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 73076.36Log likelihood = -951.7402 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0516408 .0137697 3.75 0.000 .0246528 .0786289 lgdp | 1.611801 .0499437 32.27 0.000 1.513914 1.709689 lgdpau | .8535267 .3551276 2.40 0.016 .1574895 1.549564lgdpdfrati~w | -.4196624 .1468472 -2.86 0.004 -.7074777 -.1318471 lpopau | -6.330854 1.199185 -5.28 0.000 -8.681214 -3.980495 lpop | -.3553787 .0828241 -4.29 0.000 -.517711 -.1930464 lxrate1 | -.1129482 .0204079 -5.53 0.000 -.152947 -.0729494 lremote | -.9597814 .0813133 -11.80 0.000 -1.119153 -.8004103 ldist | -3.206136 .1659771 -19.32 0.000 -3.531446 -2.880827 lopen | -.0561681 .026379 -2.13 0.033 -.1078699 -.0044662 english | 1.017052 .0877599 11.59 0.000 .8450453 1.189058 white | 4.513654 .7794477 5.79 0.000 2.985965 6.041344 lwhitemg | -.4460315 .0750475 -5.94 0.000 -.593122 -.2989411 _cons | 95.27289 11.21738 8.49 0.000 73.28722 117.2586------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00019 lgdp | -.000292 .002494 lgdpau | -.001272 .001626 .126116lgdpdfrati~w | -.000604 .000414 -.011683 .021564 lpopau | .004967 -.0067 -.41665 .024018 1.43804

lpop | .000213 -.003896 -.001222 .000637 .003233 .00686 lxrate1 | -.000031 .000265 -.000071 .000397 -.003068 -.000278 .000416 lremote | .000505 .00091 -.005698 -.002676 .019806 -.00215 .000166 ldist | .000703 -.001501 -.005889 -.000756 .013192 .00251 .000652 lopen | .00005 -.000081 -.000946 .000939 .003437 .000229 -.00007 english | -.000418 .000181 .003087 .002624 -.019985 .000361 .001121 white | .001331 -.011923 -.008261 -.002093 .034561 .018229 -.001063 lwhitemg | -.000091 .000708 .000385 .000139 -.002629 -.001017 .000163 _cons | -.057161 .079611 3.70877 -.099237 -13.1618 -.046583 .041697

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .006612 ldist | .001935 .027548 lopen | .000472 .000162 .000696 english | -.00262 .002826 -.000389 .007702 white | -.00013 -.02243 .001508 -.001604 .607539 lwhitemg | .00019 .002937 -.000131 .000398 -.057507 .005632 _cons | -.242435 -.358977 -.040321 .231142 -.152478 .002846 125.83

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8078.47Log likelihood = -934.7016 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1346362 .0257871 5.22 0.000 .0840943 .1851781 lgdp | 1.712511 .0697385 24.56 0.000 1.575826 1.849196 lgdpau | -.0077857 .5889807 -0.01 0.989 -1.162167 1.146595lgdpdfrati~w | -.3549165 .2381123 -1.49 0.136 -.821608 .111775 lpopau | -2.063256 2.051242 -1.01 0.314 -6.083616 1.957105 lpop | -.5754056 .0804054 -7.16 0.000 -.7329973 -.4178139 lxrate1 | -.1582007 .0279949 -5.65 0.000 -.2130697 -.1033317 lremote | -.43803 .129506 -3.38 0.001 -.691857 -.184203 ldist | -3.777036 .3346514 -11.29 0.000 -4.43294 -3.121131 lopen | .0820666 .0451281 1.82 0.069 -.0063828 .170516 english | 1.071453 .1442753 7.43 0.000 .7886787 1.354228 white | 10.0326 1.858772 5.40 0.000 6.389474 13.67573 lwhitemg | -.874782 .1855525 -4.71 0.000 -1.238458 -.5111059 _cons | 48.68624 19.41898 2.51 0.012 10.62574 86.74674------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000665 lgdp | -.001021 .004863 lgdpau | -.002105 .004721 .346898lgdpdfrati~w | -.001004 .002219 -.021111 .056697 lpopau | .005758 -.021997 -1.17522 .075114 4.20759 lpop | .000675 -.004131 -.002773 -.001305 .011022 .006465 lxrate1 | .000036 .000486 .0003 .000995 -.00608 -.000738 .000784 lremote | -.000042 -.000452 -.006265 -.001656 .016919 -.001308 .000159 ldist | .002963 .005398 -.011268 -.003145 -.011151 -.000943 .001492

lopen | .000118 -.000643 .000361 .001709 -.001592 .001146 -.000222 english | -.001226 .003081 .005933 .003655 -.033899 .00144 .001998 white | .000916 -.027597 .007938 .001199 -.005843 .022788 .004314 lwhitemg | -.000076 .001498 -.001976 -.000558 .006295 -.001484 -.000439 _cons | -.05781 .15134 10.5272 -.733329 -38.7995 -.0987 .073626

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .016772 ldist | .008891 .111992 lopen | .000496 -.000707 .002037 english | -.005208 .001635 -.001553 .020815 white | .010774 -.143887 .002664 .020953 3.45503 lwhitemg | .000957 .012028 -.000157 -.002626 -.338381 .03443 _cons | -.317513 -.787994 .015692 .334087 1.38779 -.182859 377.097

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2192.86Log likelihood = -1084.793 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0900671 .038703 2.33 0.020 .0142106 .1659236 lgdp | .9659394 .078602 12.29 0.000 .8118823 1.119997 lgdpau | -.3418523 .7580518 -0.45 0.652 -1.827607 1.143902lgdpdfrati~w | -.5039124 .3201863 -1.57 0.116 -1.131466 .1236413 lpopau | .0724066 2.608271 0.03 0.978 -5.039711 5.184524 lpop | .0199522 .0987263 0.20 0.840 -.1735477 .2134521 lxrate1 | -.1169884 .0317456 -3.69 0.000 -.1792086 -.0547682 lremote | .5610978 .2189715 2.56 0.010 .1319216 .990274 ldist | -1.732629 .3352794 -5.17 0.000 -2.389765 -1.075494 lopen | .3433653 .0770548 4.46 0.000 .1923407 .4943898 english | 1.665534 .2382674 6.99 0.000 1.198538 2.13253 white | 2.329382 2.18267 1.07 0.286 -1.948572 6.607336 lwhitemg | .1059037 .1918322 0.55 0.581 -.2700806 .4818879 _cons | .1612401 25.03766 0.01 0.995 -48.91168 49.23416------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001498 lgdp | -.001401 .006178 lgdpau | -.001194 .000205 .574643lgdpdfrati~w | -.000182 .001587 -.005718 .102519 lpopau | .001714 -.005288 -1.92752 .023075 6.80308 lpop | .000294 -.005637 .001015 -.001703 -.00471 .009747 lxrate1 | .000101 .000823 .000252 .002124 -.005868 -.001069 .001008 lremote | .001135 .000868 -.026714 -.014737 .080785 .000028 -.000519 ldist | .003595 -.006345 -.017691 -.006269 .060008 .010583 -.000251 lopen | .000292 -.001164 .005104 .000836 -.028904 .002844 -.000199 english | -.003284 .000904 .008253 .005889 -.011733 -.000884 .001247 white | .004516 -.0236 .13614 .014223 -.572694 .019245 .001859 lwhitemg | -.00059 .000899 -.013645 -.002672 .058935 -.000125 -.000289 _cons | -.020603 .089387 17.2953 -.16365 -63.4454 -.073074 .089802

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .047949 ldist | .018064 .112412 lopen | .001534 -.000535 .005937 english | -.012724 .015251 -.001915 .056771 white | .030447 -.029958 .005027 .033784 4.76405 lwhitemg | -.000195 .006459 -.000218 -.002277 -.407747 .0368 _cons | -1.23735 -1.80612 .321657 -.071928 6.13189 -.693121 626.885

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 56058.93Log likelihood = -886.1138 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .021997 .0132641 1.66 0.097 -.0040002 .0479941 lgdp | 1.537992 .0537328 28.62 0.000 1.432678 1.643306 lgdpau | .6922459 .3526446 1.96 0.050 .0010751 1.383417lgdpdfrati~w | -.2551381 .1358457 -1.88 0.060 -.5213907 .0111145 lpopau | -6.680382 1.193442 -5.60 0.000 -9.019486 -4.341279 lpop | -.1369033 .0922065 -1.48 0.138 -.3176247 .0438182 lxrate1 | -.049897 .0185288 -2.69 0.007 -.0862128 -.0135812 lremote | -.6296588 .1471733 -4.28 0.000 -.9181133 -.3412043 ldist | -2.451353 .1655344 -14.81 0.000 -2.775795 -2.126912 lopen | -.0464369 .0268341 -1.73 0.084 -.0990308 .006157 english | 1.172343 .1100634 10.65 0.000 .9566228 1.388064 white | 3.781468 .8833479 4.28 0.000 2.050138 5.512798 lwhitemg | -.2791828 .0817933 -3.41 0.001 -.4394947 -.1188708 _cons | 93.10531 11.30319 8.24 0.000 70.95147 115.2591------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000176 lgdp | -.000186 .002887 lgdpau | -.000841 .001985 .124358lgdpdfrati~w | -.000338 .000783 -.007431 .018454 lpopau | .003032 -.006947 -.412139 .011837 1.4243 lpop | .00011 -.004675 -.001793 -.000139 .003738 .008502 lxrate1 | 7.3e-07 .000228 -.000047 .000458 -.002571 -.000257 .000343 lremote | -.000012 -.000948 -.012817 -.004767 .046912 .00028 -.000211 ldist | .000788 -.005461 -.0042 .001059 .003764 .00978 .000592 lopen | .000018 -.000107 -.000961 .000823 .003493 .000282 -.000069 english | -.000297 -.000294 .003357 .002692 -.017998 .000265 .000931 white | .00053 -.016442 -.015359 -.001897 .027662 .028741 .001684 lwhitemg | -.000089 .000755 .000023 -.000332 .002254 -.0015 -.000191 _cons | -.033672 .131917 3.72147 -.00251 -13.185 -.139034 .037277

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .02166 ldist | -.00258 .027402

lopen | .001097 .000275 .00072 english | -.00436 .00641 -.000457 .012114 white | .01549 .033071 .001146 .006855 .780303 lwhitemg | .001007 -.002056 2.1e-06 -.000494 -.069049 .00669 _cons | -.585117 -.231434 -.047495 .182747 -.597656 -.019343 127.762

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7789.07Log likelihood = -943.7044 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1742257 .0288171 6.05 0.000 .1177453 .2307062 lgdp | 1.665002 .0702723 23.69 0.000 1.527271 1.802733 lgdpau | -.0820023 .5811125 -0.14 0.888 -1.220962 1.056957lgdpdfrati~w | -.262439 .2464435 -1.06 0.287 -.7454593 .2205813 lpopau | -1.562926 2.030666 -0.77 0.442 -5.542958 2.417106 lpop | -.5533281 .0803944 -6.88 0.000 -.7108982 -.395758 lxrate1 | -.1398053 .0277838 -5.03 0.000 -.1942607 -.08535 lremote | -.3379073 .1249637 -2.70 0.007 -.5828316 -.092983 ldist | -3.375832 .3313088 -10.19 0.000 -4.025185 -2.726479 lopen | .0974907 .0474159 2.06 0.040 .0045572 .1904243 english | .9920855 .1424267 6.97 0.000 .7129344 1.271237 white | 10.28057 1.85499 5.54 0.000 6.644857 13.91628 lwhitemg | -.9025795 .1851559 -4.87 0.000 -1.265478 -.5396806 _cons | 37.97632 19.34601 1.96 0.050 .0588368 75.8938------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00083 lgdp | -.00122 .004938 lgdpau | -.00181 .003376 .337692lgdpdfrati~w | -.001118 .002618 -.020155 .060734 lpopau | .004939 -.018905 -1.14282 .074673 4.1236 lpop | .000748 -.004162 -.00151 -.001743 .008418 .006463 lxrate1 | .000067 .000405 -.000124 .001157 -.005068 -.000688 .000772 lremote | -.000011 -.00037 -.004858 -.000838 .009911 -.001035 .000108 ldist | .003789 .003149 -.011756 -.002867 -.010442 .000172 .001307 lopen | .000127 -.000699 .001176 .001777 -.005821 .0013 -.000262 english | -.001402 .003184 .003284 .003804 -.022069 .000974 .001833 white | .000331 -.026424 .011514 .001325 .002007 .020829 .004038 lwhitemg | -.000015 .001478 -.001963 -.000564 .004422 -.001341 -.000418 _cons | -.057657 .155775 10.2337 -.767522 -38.236 -.100778 .071034

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .015616 ldist | .008766 .109766 lopen | .000438 -.000958 .002248 english | -.00477 -.000409 -.001688 .020285 white | .010924 -.156012 .003108 .018116 3.44099 lwhitemg | .000743 .013666 -.000203 -.002316 -.337451 .034283 _cons | -.233248 -.735096 .066585 .229267 1.28728 -.16806 374.268

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8474.91Log likelihood = -1092.752 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0219313 .0164511 1.33 0.182 -.0103123 .0541748 lgdp | 1.403981 .0496553 28.27 0.000 1.306658 1.501303 lgdpau | .4816545 .5264761 0.91 0.360 -.5502197 1.513529lgdpdfrati~w | -.006466 .1745576 -0.04 0.970 -.3485927 .3356607 lpopau | -5.09326 1.790087 -2.85 0.004 -8.601767 -1.584753 lpop | .0191829 .073237 0.26 0.793 -.1243591 .1627249 lxrate1 | -.0688067 .0205497 -3.35 0.001 -.1090834 -.0285299 lremote | -.9817239 .1569155 -6.26 0.000 -1.289273 -.6741752 ldist | -3.394611 .2099633 -16.17 0.000 -3.806131 -2.98309 lopen | .0963621 .0448444 2.15 0.032 .0084686 .1842556 english | 2.353299 .1436171 16.39 0.000 2.071814 2.634783 white | 3.514302 1.163729 3.02 0.003 1.233435 5.795168 lwhitemg | -.1847724 .0982551 -1.88 0.060 -.3773489 .0078041 _cons | 83.79556 17.0318 4.92 0.000 50.41384 117.1773------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000271 lgdp | -.000455 .002466 lgdpau | -.000197 .000228 .277177lgdpdfrati~w | -.000539 .000652 .002075 .03047 lpopau | -.000908 .001478 -.92049 -.004513 3.20441 lpop | .00022 -.002801 -.000242 .000082 -.003001 .005364 lxrate1 | -.000024 .000219 .000385 .000686 -.00243 -.000425 .000422 lremote | .000235 .000447 -.016 -.002357 .051259 -.000996 -.000325 ldist | .000625 .000034 -.010393 -.002056 .023526 .000446 .00016 lopen | .000081 -.000367 -.000124 .001988 .000455 .000798 -.000134 english | -.000831 .000724 .002773 .001945 -.010456 .00145 .001092 white | .000478 -.012738 -.002756 -.00136 .00283 .023081 -.000197 lwhitemg | -.000011 .000651 -.000866 .000165 .002794 -.00147 .000083 _cons | .018732 -.044871 8.23381 .013984 -29.6662 .038261 .030658

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .024622 ldist | .015644 .044085 lopen | .001018 .000146 .002011 english | -.004255 .003309 -.0015 .020626 white | .004902 -.011288 .000934 .032421 1.35426 lwhitemg | .001145 .00317 2.5e-06 -.002866 -.110726 .009654 _cons | -.787696 -.688058 -.019382 .058649 -.003659 -.055135 290.082

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrmnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 595.21Log likelihood = -565.4485 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2456847 .0374449 6.56 0.000 .1722941 .3190753 lgdp | .2039478 .0677506 3.01 0.003 .071159 .3367365 lgdpau | -1.117757 .2550241 -4.38 0.000 -1.617595 -.6179186lgdpdfrati~w | -.3150286 .1460536 -2.16 0.031 -.6012885 -.0287687 lpopau | 1.72217 .8604029 2.00 0.045 .0358109 3.408528 lpop | .5040896 .0847818 5.95 0.000 .3379203 .6702588 lxrate1 | -.1447048 .0218072 -6.64 0.000 -.1874462 -.1019634 lremote | -.0542545 .0745043 -0.73 0.466 -.2002802 .0917711 ldist | -1.393738 .3666698 -3.80 0.000 -2.112397 -.675078 lopen | .0495692 .0283914 1.75 0.081 -.006077 .1052153 english | .8136944 .2073075 3.93 0.000 .407379 1.22001 white | 9.699575 .6962215 13.93 0.000 8.335006 11.06414 lwhitemg | -.9421572 .0696115 -13.53 0.000 -1.078593 -.8057213 _cons | 7.782446 8.422779 0.92 0.355 -8.725896 24.29079------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001402 lgdp | -.001184 .00459 lgdpau | -.000181 .00061 .065037lgdpdfrati~w | -.000195 .001393 .006279 .021332 lpopau | .001057 -.005462 -.209033 -.007021 .740293 lpop | .000032 -.003459 -.002122 -.001294 .000984 .007188 lxrate1 | -.000044 .000327 .002898 .001284 -.009329 -.000448 .000476 lremote | .000232 .000231 -.002676 -.00154 .005982 -.000213 -.000117 ldist | .002279 -.008015 .001055 -.001429 -.026234 .016547 .000257 lopen | -.000045 -.000285 -.002263 -.0001 .005214 .000536 -.000226 english | -.00195 .001323 .006738 .003136 -.032489 .00471 .001121 white | .005993 -.008196 .019823 .00775 -.082359 .013852 .002969 lwhitemg | -.000605 -.000069 -.002017 -.001089 .008571 -.000413 -.000334 _cons | -.018892 .102018 1.77497 -.060839 -6.44283 -.148584 .073605

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .005551 ldist | .004636 .134447 lopen | .000115 .000305 .000806 english | -.000388 .013094 -.000598 .042976 white | .000248 -.024898 -.001426 .046986 .484724 lwhitemg | .000258 .0052 .000208 -.002316 -.045559 .004846 _cons | -.122617 -1.01064 -.030788 .115728 .953778 -.124623 70.9432

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrmmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squares

Panels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3464.33Log likelihood = -598.624 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1340983 .030802 4.35 0.000 .0737274 .1944691 lgdp | .2598445 .0534107 4.87 0.000 .1551614 .3645275 lgdpau | -.1171534 .0624725 -1.88 0.061 -.2395971 .0052904lgdpdfrati~w | -.1290862 .0414244 -3.12 0.002 -.2102765 -.047896 lpopau | 2.709319 .2574803 10.52 0.000 2.204667 3.213971 lpop | .7828145 .1014587 7.72 0.000 .5839592 .9816698 lxrate1 | -.0124218 .0081608 -1.52 0.128 -.0284167 .003573 lremote | .150279 .0321867 4.67 0.000 .0871943 .2133637 ldist | -3.274699 .3429273 -9.55 0.000 -3.946824 -2.602574 lopen | -.0050079 .0297432 -0.17 0.866 -.0633036 .0532877 english | .7590048 .2773354 2.74 0.006 .2154374 1.302572 white | 23.80149 2.978033 7.99 0.000 17.96465 29.63833 lwhitemg | -2.228652 .2762916 -8.07 0.000 -2.770174 -1.687131 _cons | -25.02751 5.109511 -4.90 0.000 -35.04196 -15.01305------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000949 lgdp | -.00054 .002853 lgdpau | -.00066 -.000483 .003903lgdpdfrati~w | .000325 -.00112 .000802 .001716 lpopau | .004591 .000055 -.013434 .000309 .066296 lpop | -.000248 -.00234 .001304 .000558 -.004537 .010294 lxrate1 | 9.5e-06 .000081 -.000046 .000033 .000661 -.000224 .000067 lremote | -.00032 .001198 -.000648 -.000987 .000032 -.000765 .000032 ldist | .00335 -.000302 -.002944 .000088 .021127 -.001771 -.000091

lopen | -.000342 -.00024 .000245 -.000417 -.004133 .001086 -.000165 english | -.000665 -.000252 .000716 .000283 -.005807 .000294 .000037 white | .002939 -.005846 .000993 .002188 -.000206 .02815 -.000503 lwhitemg | -.000531 .000157 .000183 -.000098 -.002162 -.002919 .000044 _cons | -.077868 -.020939 .148158 -.005531 -.90644 -.043078 -.007878

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .001036 ldist | -.000097 .117599 lopen | .000195 -.000801 .000885 english | -.000266 .055814 -.000018 .076915 white | -.002574 .017657 .001219 .035614 8.86868 lwhitemg | .000122 -.004301 .000016 -.002667 -.81047 .076337 _cons | -.004072 -1.38477 .060185 -.467465 -.522291 .118082 26.1071

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrmsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000

Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 529.27Log likelihood = -551.4553 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5226846 .0498161 10.49 0.000 .4250469 .6203224 lgdp | -.0054152 .0776687 -0.07 0.944 -.157643 .1468126 lgdpau | 1.991254 .787204 2.53 0.011 .4483627 3.534146lgdpdfrati~w | -.663878 .2807028 -2.37 0.018 -1.214045 -.1137106 lpopau | -9.419524 2.705106 -3.48 0.000 -14.72143 -4.117614 lpop | .3479606 .0954578 3.65 0.000 .1608668 .5350545 lxrate1 | -.1239246 .0262706 -4.72 0.000 -.1754141 -.0724351 lremote | -.0593564 .251812 -0.24 0.814 -.5528989 .4341861 ldist | -1.581139 .3138176 -5.04 0.000 -2.196211 -.9660682 lopen | .0425363 .0539384 0.79 0.430 -.0631809 .1482536 english | -.0043425 .224437 -0.02 0.985 -.4442309 .4355459 white | 9.437466 1.085864 8.69 0.000 7.309211 11.56572 lwhitemg | -.8471869 .0968123 -8.75 0.000 -1.036936 -.6574383 _cons | 117.2255 25.63052 4.57 0.000 66.99057 167.4604------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002482 lgdp | -.001452 .006032 lgdpau | .000452 -.000401 .61969lgdpdfrati~w | -.001243 .001636 -.017652 .078794 lpopau | -.006227 -.005647 -2.06926 .067963 7.3176 lpop | -.000189 -.004228 -.000468 -.000708 -.000515 .009112 lxrate1 | .000186 -.000131 .000549 .000946 -.004953 -.00043 .00069 lremote | .001659 .004317 -.022091 -.011907 .061661 -.003307 .000315 ldist | .004855 .00183 -.00843 -.00219 -.015871 .003548 .001091 lopen | -.00026 .000703 .000226 -.000411 -.00967 .000622 6.1e-06 english | -.002353 .001561 .004389 .004676 -.019167 .000025 .000851 white | .013585 -.025887 .015936 -.006693 -.077116 .029109 .005355 lwhitemg | -.001386 .001309 -.00288 -.000232 .014712 -.001687 -.000481 _cons | .050253 -.010893 18.3686 -.642245 -67.3952 -.031868 .060283

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .063409 ldist | .029097 .098482 lopen | .001179 .002175 .002909 english | -.011649 .018821 -.000045 .050372 white | .015964 .004513 -.001736 .0197 1.1791 lwhitemg | .000804 -.000552 .000084 -.000927 -.100558 .009373 _cons | -1.31285 -.835127 .102015 .077428 .652397 -.1591 656.924

. xtgls lrmsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1389.45Log likelihood = -332.5277 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0359323 .01751 2.05 0.040 .0016133 .0702514 lgdp | .2100604 .0560846 3.75 0.000 .1001367 .3199841 lgdpau | -.227899 .3120859 -0.73 0.465 -.839576 .383778lgdpdfrati~w | -.4152243 .1980332 -2.10 0.036 -.8033622 -.0270865 lpopau | 2.678723 1.11312 2.41 0.016 .4970481 4.860398 lpop | .1261167 .070783 1.78 0.075 -.0126153 .2648488 lxrate1 | -.0753801 .0184023 -4.10 0.000 -.1114481 -.0393122 lremote | -.1405753 .1115932 -1.26 0.208 -.3592939 .0781434 ldist | -1.339442 .2165302 -6.19 0.000 -1.763833 -.9150503 lopen | .0023849 .0252749 0.09 0.925 -.047153 .0519228 english | 1.999674 .2142532 9.33 0.000 1.579746 2.419603 white | 9.499847 1.791356 5.30 0.000 5.988854 13.01084 lwhitemg | -.7064511 .1845853 -3.83 0.000 -1.068232 -.3446705 _cons | -29.68279 11.30695 -2.63 0.009 -51.84401 -7.521579------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000307 lgdp | -.000329 .003145 lgdpau | .00025 -.001554 .097398lgdpdfrati~w | -.000536 -.000234 -.001313 .039217 lpopau | -.00115 .007037 -.333938 .022384 1.23904 lpop | .00012 -.00303 .001024 .000833 -.008055 .00501 lxrate1 | -.000015 .00018 .001216 .000751 -.005795 -.000169 .000339 lremote | .000173 .001052 -.007076 -.003296 .025178 -.000633 -.000344 ldist | .000841 .000784 -.001805 -.001514 -.000898 .002539 -.000303 lopen | .000026 -.000267 -.000097 .001035 -.001029 .000333 -9.6e-06 english | -.000241 -.002632 .003967 .003474 -.013858 .004549 .000326 white | .001729 -.023536 .014803 .003004 -.081533 .0261 .000981 lwhitemg | -.000175 .001373 -.001249 -.000025 .00618 -.001772 -.000079 _cons | .007514 -.112911 3.0769 -.344533 -12.0358 .076635 .066897

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .012453 ldist | .001099 .046885 lopen | -.000108 -.000113 .000639 english | -.003969 .015806 -.000122 .045904 white | .009511 -.025427 .001337 .072099 3.20896 lwhitemg | -.000357 .001212 -.000064 -.006844 -.326149 .034072 _cons | -.360071 -.452811 .021673 -.011347 1.21049 -.079268 127.847

. xtgls lrmsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1092.11Log likelihood = -846.3678 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1261749 .0645423 1.95 0.051 -.0003257 .2526755 lgdp | .5444468 .1091408 4.99 0.000 .3305348 .7583588 lgdpau | -2.271138 1.092546 -2.08 0.038 -4.412489 -.1297875lgdpdfrati~w | -1.069624 .4417122 -2.42 0.015 -1.935364 -.203884 lpopau | 5.021942 3.744523 1.34 0.180 -2.317189 12.36107 lpop | .1985462 .1254746 1.58 0.114 -.0473795 .4444719

lxrate1 | -.1717515 .0400958 -4.28 0.000 -.2503379 -.093165 lremote | 1.59936 .2783885 5.75 0.000 1.053729 2.144992 ldist | -1.690333 .4840069 -3.49 0.000 -2.638969 -.7416971 lopen | -.0151054 .0769514 -0.20 0.844 -.1659273 .1357165 english | .4006259 .2607441 1.54 0.124 -.1104233 .911675 white | 10.87416 1.515391 7.18 0.000 7.904044 13.84427 lwhitemg | -.8420854 .1459303 -5.77 0.000 -1.128104 -.5560672 _cons | -33.00776 35.21449 -0.94 0.349 -102.0269 36.01138------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004166 lgdp | -.00433 .011912 lgdpau | -.002324 .005903 1.19366lgdpdfrati~w | -.00173 .00448 .00151 .19511 lpopau | .004404 -.028622 -3.98886 .043432 14.0215 lpop | .001515 -.010284 -.002715 -.002716 .012862 .015744 lxrate1 | .000098 .001611 .000759 .001484 -.009324 -.001544 .001608 lremote | .001608 -.002934 -.033644 -.022163 .086197 .002729 .000988 ldist | .012236 -.010294 -.010892 -.010443 .000398 .014341 -.00236 lopen | .000333 -.000793 .006378 .000918 -.033512 .002098 -.000374 english | -.005691 .010881 .00747 .00125 -.028155 -.008873 -.000639 white | .026616 -.050999 -.044423 -.042012 .078119 .049821 .00528 lwhitemg | -.002971 .003035 .000203 .001211 .009468 -.002489 -.000808 _cons | -.089027 .349537 35.1781 -.718871 -128.414 -.316826 .129601

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .0775 ldist | .021766 .234263 lopen | .002898 .004201 .005922 english | -.003986 .025397 -.000827 .067988 white | .126347 .127693 .001701 .029087 2.29641 lwhitemg | -.005037 -.01654 -.00005 -.004963 -.210788 .021296 _cons | -1.40471 -2.18498 .312173 -.025384 -2.24116 .029155 1240.06

. xtgls lrmsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 583.89Log likelihood = -103.3763 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0265545 .0284593 0.93 0.351 -.0292247 .0823338 lgdp | .1493037 .0589873 2.53 0.011 .0336907 .2649166 lgdpau | .3487905 .4103799 0.85 0.395 -.4555393 1.15312lgdpdfrati~w | .34291 .1877757 1.83 0.068 -.0251236 .7109435 lpopau | 2.654373 1.448937 1.83 0.067 -.1854916 5.494237 lpop | .305898 .0781621 3.91 0.000 .1527032 .4590929 lxrate1 | -.0351663 .0167525 -2.10 0.036 -.0680006 -.0023321 lremote | -.0265291 .1269341 -0.21 0.834 -.2753153 .2222572 ldist | -2.216344 .4220408 -5.25 0.000 -3.043528 -1.389159 lopen | .0571098 .0377799 1.51 0.131 -.0169375 .131157 english | .9187097 .1835481 5.01 0.000 .558962 1.278457 white | 16.09956 1.214274 13.26 0.000 13.71963 18.47949 lwhitemg | -1.355742 .113772 -11.92 0.000 -1.578731 -1.132753

_cons | -39.9258 14.9295 -2.67 0.007 -69.18709 -10.66451------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00081 lgdp | -.00062 .003479 lgdpau | -.000542 -.000124 .168412lgdpdfrati~w | -.000724 .000792 -.000232 .03526 lpopau | .001339 .001755 -.56476 .01643 2.09942 lpop | -.000108 -.002546 .000399 .000576 -.00455 .006109 lxrate1 | .000052 .000096 .000227 .000548 -.002805 -.000123 .000281 lremote | .000874 .002029 -.007258 -.003439 .020978 -.001536 .00011 ldist | .002379 -.004059 -.010258 -.008141 .001918 .008514 .000167 lopen | -.000014 -.000062 .00016 .000324 -.004226 .000524 -.000046 english | -.001161 -.000697 .003122 .002962 -.014153 .004415 .000122 white | .004131 -.0163 .028866 -.004048 -.266823 .024124 .003565 lwhitemg | -.000466 .000875 -.00297 .000261 .026117 -.001822 -.000377 _cons | -.026419 -.040174 5.10936 -.220607 -20.1918 -.042104 .036134

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .016112 ldist | .017409 .178118 lopen | .000056 .000336 .001427 english | -.005014 .005106 .000111 .03369 white | -.005815 -.024902 -.000393 .043833 1.47446 lwhitemg | .000614 .00337 .000058 -.003786 -.135131 .012944 _cons | -.48466 -1.66713 .056222 .088285 3.89893 -.379492 222.89

. xtgls lrmsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 253.21Log likelihood = 182.4826 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0032174 .0187627 0.17 0.864 -.0335568 .0399917 lgdp | .270399 .0507108 5.33 0.000 .1710076 .3697903 lgdpau | -.2758629 .3368946 -0.82 0.413 -.9361642 .3844384lgdpdfrati~w | -.0719931 .1394188 -0.52 0.606 -.345249 .2012628 lpopau | 3.972549 1.226746 3.24 0.001 1.56817 6.376928 lpop | -.0694408 .0605606 -1.15 0.252 -.1881375 .0492558 lxrate1 | -.0935258 .0150385 -6.22 0.000 -.1230007 -.064051 lremote | .3300146 .1263155 2.61 0.009 .0824407 .5775884 ldist | -1.312048 .2826281 -4.64 0.000 -1.865989 -.7581073 lopen | .02485 .0273939 0.91 0.364 -.0288411 .0785411 english | .2063204 .1669889 1.24 0.217 -.1209718 .5336126 white | 9.40357 2.102326 4.47 0.000 5.283088 13.52405 lwhitemg | -.7946758 .2015441 -3.94 0.000 -1.189695 -.3996567 _cons | -53.10122 13.05354 -4.07 0.000 -78.68569 -27.51675------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------

limmig | .000352 lgdp | -.000338 .002572 lgdpau | .000243 -.000557 .113498lgdpdfrati~w | -.000422 .000448 -.005421 .019438 lpopau | -.002354 .003361 -.389526 .025394 1.50491 lpop | .000031 -.002199 -.000158 -.00002 .000883 .003668 lxrate1 | 3.2e-06 8.5e-06 .000463 .000447 -.004088 -.000114 .000226 lremote | .00028 .001746 -.007183 -.001014 .025284 -.001506 -.000042 ldist | .001564 -.001639 -.002163 -.001133 .002247 .004756 .000071 lopen | -6.1e-06 -4.9e-06 .000056 .000217 -.001336 .000177 -.000026 english | -.000404 -.001899 -.000104 .000807 .019625 .004808 .000191 white | .00248 -.015151 .017118 -.005083 -.137967 .015173 .001865 lwhitemg | -.00029 .00094 -.002053 .00048 .014105 -.001184 -.000141 _cons | .021257 -.061621 3.58481 -.289055 -15.0793 -.051713 .055506

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .015956 ldist | .006638 .079879 lopen | .000078 -.000444 .00075 english | -.001136 .017257 -.000229 .027885 white | -.001215 .01371 -.000599 .033333 4.41977 lwhitemg | .000704 -.002339 .000082 -.003081 -.417002 .04062 _cons | -.448441 -.849812 .021949 -.516253 1.79467 -.164396 170.395

. xtgls lrmsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 492.36Log likelihood = -675.2245 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1668 .0527831 3.16 0.002 .0633471 .2702529 lgdp | .7405754 .1032162 7.17 0.000 .5382753 .9428754 lgdpau | -.6416937 .6677543 -0.96 0.337 -1.950468 .6670807lgdpdfrati~w | -.4095073 .2813167 -1.46 0.145 -.960878 .1418634 lpopau | 3.983147 2.300139 1.73 0.083 -.5250428 8.491336 lpop | -.2701152 .1485741 -1.82 0.069 -.5613151 .0210846 lxrate1 | -.160297 .0321408 -4.99 0.000 -.2232919 -.0973021 lremote | .1054427 .2332758 0.45 0.651 -.3517694 .5626548 ldist | -3.261943 .6976737 -4.68 0.000 -4.629358 -1.894528 lopen | .0372736 .0638848 0.58 0.560 -.0879383 .1624854 english | -.3295739 .4371933 -0.75 0.451 -1.186457 .5273092 white | 20.28286 4.216646 4.81 0.000 12.01838 28.54733 lwhitemg | -1.809855 .3887428 -4.66 0.000 -2.571776 -1.047933 _cons | -28.55929 22.71528 -1.26 0.209 -73.08041 15.96184------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002786 lgdp | -.00228 .010654 lgdpau | .001405 -.001492 .445896lgdpdfrati~w | -.001907 .003538 -.010811 .079139 lpopau | -.009354 .001062 -1.48342 .062514 5.29064 lpop | -.000141 -.00796 -.001606 -.001872 -.006897 .022074 lxrate1 | .000165 .000559 .002031 .001295 -.010665 -.00088 .001033

lremote | .001068 .004336 -.020084 -.012103 .038692 -.002942 .000543 ldist | .011391 .010766 -.006006 -.004562 -.05381 .006699 .000472 lopen | .000462 -.001075 -.000988 -.000268 -.010079 .001871 -.000217 english | -.006217 .00261 .000826 .006099 -.014435 .018578 .000437 white | .007431 -.033627 .129686 .020196 -.394785 .072919 .005809 lwhitemg | -.001297 .001356 -.013591 -.003138 .044185 -.005531 -.000671 _cons | .043062 -.227773 13.1978 -.731608 -48.5907 -.049161 .109523

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .054418 ldist | .032858 .486749 lopen | .000616 .003173 .004081 english | -.003911 .133957 -.001372 .191138 white | .030021 .262484 .004285 .298297 17.7801 lwhitemg | -.000411 -.039743 -.00028 -.032396 -1.61225 .151121 _cons | -.951842 -4.30443 .154222 -1.39527 -.185055 .082635 515.984

. xtgls lrmsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1119.23Log likelihood = -569.5291 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .198118 .0473427 4.18 0.000 .105328 .290908 lgdp | .616047 .1025018 6.01 0.000 .4151471 .8169468 lgdpau | .7165616 .645275 1.11 0.267 -.5481543 1.981277lgdpdfrati~w | .0338423 .2839304 0.12 0.905 -.5226511 .5903356 lpopau | -3.181897 2.23123 -1.43 0.154 -7.555027 1.191233 lpop | .4939418 .1313765 3.76 0.000 .2364486 .7514351 lxrate1 | -.1027803 .0306226 -3.36 0.001 -.1627995 -.0427612 lremote | -.3027544 .228818 -1.32 0.186 -.7512295 .1457207 ldist | -2.284017 .4534452 -5.04 0.000 -3.172753 -1.39528 lopen | -.0734109 .0719056 -1.02 0.307 -.2143432 .0675215 english | 1.20281 .3281285 3.67 0.000 .5596899 1.84593 white | 24.09869 3.083191 7.82 0.000 18.05574 30.14163 lwhitemg | -2.315911 .2728964 -8.49 0.000 -2.850779 -1.781044 _cons | 39.64087 21.52213 1.84 0.065 -2.541721 81.82347------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002241 lgdp | -.001985 .010507 lgdpau | -.002488 .005421 .41638lgdpdfrati~w | -.001931 .003448 -.006518 .080616 lpopau | .007696 -.036341 -1.39199 .023387 4.97839 lpop | .000381 -.008939 -.003735 -.002852 .018222 .01726 lxrate1 | .000074 .000689 .000474 .001353 -.005618 -.000871 .000938 lremote | .000573 .003642 -.017275 -.018059 .037673 -.002492 .000455 ldist | .007916 -.003446 -.01067 -.003308 .004235 .017089 .000452 lopen | .000227 -.000028 .00076 .002183 -.014709 .001326 -.000086 english | -.003642 .002995 .006438 .006676 -.027207 -.001088 .000725 white | .00619 -.03655 .015288 -.017655 -.0075 .059932 .005309 lwhitemg | -.000906 .00127 -.003125 -.00008 .010755 -.004016 -.000558 _cons | -.113328 .371823 12.3744 -.133631 -45.9745 -.413793 .065994

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .052358 ldist | .008003 .205613 lopen | .001456 .00163 .00517 english | -.008467 .058465 -.001673 .107668 white | .034667 .023571 .004037 -.004134 9.50607 lwhitemg | -.00044 -.005795 -.000451 .001999 -.826461 .074472 _cons | -.732954 -2.0592 .175849 -.267462 -.98499 .004296 463.202

. xtgls lrmsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1700.59Log likelihood = -749.557 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0694044 .0343717 2.02 0.043 .0020371 .1367717 lgdp | 1.012249 .0970866 10.43 0.000 .8219627 1.202535 lgdpau | .9313224 .7029138 1.32 0.185 -.4463633 2.309008lgdpdfrati~w | -.090961 .278891 -0.33 0.744 -.6375772 .4556552 lpopau | 3.500466 2.441643 1.43 0.152 -1.285066 8.285998 lpop | -.4326409 .1414917 -3.06 0.002 -.7099596 -.1553222 lxrate1 | -.1476483 .0234439 -6.30 0.000 -.1935975 -.1016991 lremote | -.3708024 .1942994 -1.91 0.056 -.7516221 .0100174 ldist | -1.746061 .7358788 -2.37 0.018 -3.188357 -.3037655 lopen | -.0632214 .0736046 -0.86 0.390 -.2074839 .081041 english | .0745356 .3378159 0.22 0.825 -.5875713 .7366425 white | 28.42994 2.677724 10.62 0.000 23.1817 33.67818 lwhitemg | -2.649112 .2607274 -10.16 0.000 -3.160129 -2.138096 _cons | -75.96526 24.52379 -3.10 0.002 -124.031 -27.89951------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001181 lgdp | -.001872 .009426 lgdpau | -.000466 .001243 .494088lgdpdfrati~w | -.001995 .004051 -.014422 .07778 lpopau | -.005436 -.009173 -1.64522 .054866 5.96162 lpop | .00175 -.011327 -.004265 -.003592 .027119 .02002 lxrate1 | .000066 .000379 .000461 .000863 -.008982 -.000661 .00055 lremote | .00147 .00429 -.01843 -.004638 .017232 -.002971 .000544 ldist | .006746 .012966 -.027372 -.005255 -.035256 .010519 .001391 lopen | .0003 -.000885 -.000621 .004461 -.007075 .001185 -.000343 english | -.001264 .002527 .002703 .002561 -.006716 -.000102 .000643 white | .017159 -.057704 .020198 -.030313 -.335538 .06961 .008276 lwhitemg | -.001555 .00393 -.003319 .002175 .038599 -.005085 -.000826 _cons | .035939 -.07191 14.8057 -.544991 -55.7922 -.473652 .117372

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .037752 ldist | .067628 .541518 lopen | .000986 .001525 .005418 english | 9.0e-06 .063394 -.001316 .11412

white | .034416 .078614 -.006449 .205875 7.1702 lwhitemg | -.002525 -.014676 .000851 -.022802 -.687756 .067979 _cons | -.831755 -4.96453 .111143 -.631117 4.08497 -.389753 601.416

. xtgls lrmsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 523.83Log likelihood = -579.1268 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .394686 .0581308 6.79 0.000 .2807518 .5086202 lgdp | .2583666 .0984104 2.63 0.009 .0654858 .4512474 lgdpau | 1.074943 .7429547 1.45 0.148 -.3812211 2.531108lgdpdfrati~w | -.5475048 .3175655 -1.72 0.085 -1.169922 .0749122 lpopau | -4.319965 2.56575 -1.68 0.092 -9.348742 .7088118 lpop | .3434123 .1043563 3.29 0.001 .1388776 .5479469 lxrate1 | -.0983447 .0342462 -2.87 0.004 -.165466 -.0312235 lremote | -.0151951 .2266823 -0.07 0.947 -.4594843 .4290941 ldist | -1.328409 .5839678 -2.27 0.023 -2.472965 -.1838531 lopen | .0950504 .0718698 1.32 0.186 -.0458118 .2359125 english | -.0248111 .2800845 -0.09 0.929 -.5737666 .5241443 white | 19.47272 2.076742 9.38 0.000 15.40238 23.54306 lwhitemg | -1.827396 .197388 -9.26 0.000 -2.21427 -1.440523 _cons | 47.86384 24.28709 1.97 0.049 .2620187 95.46567------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003379 lgdp | -.003205 .009685 lgdpau | -.00237 .006536 .551982lgdpdfrati~w | -.002631 .006002 -.009765 .100848 lpopau | .005659 -.035136 -1.84632 .050799 6.58307 lpop | .00114 -.006265 -.004273 -.004119 .011558 .01089 lxrate1 | .000287 .000452 -.000248 .000847 -.003676 -.000584 .001173 lremote | .000166 .002963 -.008857 -.016924 -.003706 .000904 .001435 ldist | .011322 .001143 -.004998 -.011157 -.071648 .006383 .000638 lopen | -.000331 .000817 .002188 -.000015 -.023045 .001648 -.000149 english | -.00351 .0071 .006059 .002423 -.027478 -.000615 -.001428 white | .023254 -.039167 -.004762 -.071666 .087552 .014625 -.00076 lwhitemg | -.002626 .002236 -.00132 .004369 .002409 -.000347 -.000242 _cons | -.105465 .266602 16.2176 -.490354 -59.5642 -.180906 .043156

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .051385 ldist | .037758 .341018 lopen | .002415 .003467 .005165 english | .007707 .092342 -.000056 .078447 white | .110924 .214768 -.008297 .14107 4.31286 lwhitemg | -.007811 -.031043 .000769 -.016882 -.401045 .038962 _cons | -.589351 -2.44901 .232873 -.79186 -3.82024 .330982 589.863

. xtgls lrmsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1530.26Log likelihood = -218.381 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0051564 .0237913 0.22 0.828 -.0414738 .0517866 lgdp | .4095682 .08063 5.08 0.000 .2515362 .5676002 lgdpau | -.3453483 .4436472 -0.78 0.436 -1.214881 .5241842lgdpdfrati~w | .2001259 .2109681 0.95 0.343 -.2133641 .6136158 lpopau | 1.360201 1.531769 0.89 0.375 -1.642012 4.362414 lpop | -.2063697 .1141901 -1.81 0.071 -.4301781 .0174387 lxrate1 | -.0311706 .0209083 -1.49 0.136 -.0721501 .009809 lremote | .0038366 .1570823 0.02 0.981 -.304039 .3117123 ldist | -3.905116 .5133838 -7.61 0.000 -4.91133 -2.898902 lopen | -.0064452 .0459633 -0.14 0.888 -.0965317 .0836414 english | -.0621386 .2835522 -0.22 0.827 -.6178906 .4936135 white | 16.95894 2.512054 6.75 0.000 12.03541 21.88248 lwhitemg | -1.243103 .2688428 -4.62 0.000 -1.770026 -.716181 _cons | 18.92567 15.54161 1.22 0.223 -11.53533 49.38667------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000566 lgdp | -.000668 .006501 lgdpau | .000236 -.002502 .196823lgdpdfrati~w | -.000936 .002744 -.008702 .044508 lpopau | -.001479 .002306 -.655787 .0477 2.34632 lpop | .000162 -.005862 .000316 -.001038 -.004703 .013039 lxrate1 | -.000023 .000173 .001153 .000864 -.005638 -.000399 .000437 lremote | .0001 .002128 -.014984 -.002397 .043025 -.002042 -7.7e-06 ldist | .002262 .002836 -.010247 -.001025 -.013914 .018087 -.000289 lopen | .000042 -.000199 -.001897 .001134 .002181 .000727 -.000013 english | -.001233 .000323 .001133 .001874 -.001895 .004501 .000385 white | .003677 -.03584 .035754 -.01686 -.230695 .06183 .001769 lwhitemg | -.000421 .001496 -.004061 .000927 .027436 -.004876 -.000037 _cons | .006786 -.069461 5.99623 -.622159 -21.9687 -.157769 .065811

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .024675 ldist | .011959 .263563 lopen | 6.8e-06 .000738 .002113 english | -.000386 .054387 .000171 .080402 white | .001117 .155201 -.000162 .107962 6.31041 lwhitemg | .001923 -.019731 .000097 -.010874 -.665865 .072276 _cons | -.664536 -2.49763 -.000761 -.603087 1.19649 -.132074 241.542

.

.

. clear

. *Estimating the Australian Immigration Trade relationship;

. insheet using k:\book2.txt(54 vars, 11640 obs)

. drop if ccode ==. (10630 observations deleted)

.

. *Dropping Egypt

. drop if ccode==332180(10 observations deleted)

.

.

.

. **Regression of Imports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Imports

. xtgls lrimp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 9424.67Log likelihood = -534.8594 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrimp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3511476 .0308192 11.39 0.000 .2907431 .4115521 lgdp | 1.153301 .0322767 35.73 0.000 1.09004 1.216562 lgdpau | .0570263 .6030104 0.09 0.925 -1.124852 1.238905lgdpdfrati~w | -.9139556 .2457919 -3.72 0.000 -1.395699 -.4322124 lpopau | -2.403905 2.081211 -1.16 0.248 -6.483004 1.675194 lpop | .0540386 .0402101 1.34 0.179 -.0247719 .132849 lxrate1 | -.1343825 .0166184 -8.09 0.000 -.166954 -.101811 lremote | -.4088096 .0752214 -5.43 0.000 -.5562408 -.2613784 ldist | -2.043135 .1588987 -12.86 0.000 -2.354571 -1.731699 lopen | .2726784 .0560345 4.87 0.000 .1628528 .3825041 english | .7793074 .1239265 6.29 0.000 .536416 1.022199 white | 4.588266 .5631012 8.15 0.000 3.484608 5.691924 lwhitemg | -.4319541 .0501869 -8.61 0.000 -.5303186 -.3335896 _cons | 40.26953 19.169 2.10 0.036 2.698992 77.84007------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00095 lgdp | -.000284 .001042 lgdpau | -.000849 .001321 .363621lgdpdfrati~w | -.000789 .000152 -.009544 .060414 lpopau | .001757 -.007947 -1.23057 .049933 4.33144 lpop | -.00016 -.000692 .000162 .000203 -.000395 .001617 lxrate1 | .000082 .00015 .000382 .000205 -.002601 -.000083 .000276

lremote | .000498 .000136 -.000369 -.001831 -.00372 -.000306 .000072 ldist | .001607 .000942 .000671 -.001477 -.01458 1.5e-06 .001611 lopen | -.000191 .000664 .002505 .000764 -.017139 .000274 .000143 english | -.001099 .002552 .002879 .002305 -.010929 -.001067 .00054 white | .004687 -.001524 .003385 -.009487 -.026542 .004747 .000382 lwhitemg | -.00057 .000143 -.000304 .000891 .002826 -.000368 -.000049 _cons | -.023901 .0738 10.8527 -.613701 -39.2809 -.002867 .013299

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .005658 ldist | .005431 .025249 lopen | .001355 .00067 .00314 english | -.003146 .002159 -.000541 .015358 white | -.001245 .00137 -.000611 .003892 .317083 lwhitemg | .000195 -.000527 -.000022 -.000173 -.027836 .002519 _cons | -.026588 -.098813 .182932 .064881 .267721 -.028446 367.45

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 73763.05Log likelihood = -972.5327 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0494594 .0140292 3.53 0.000 .0219628 .076956 lgdp | 1.637311 .0512685 31.94 0.000 1.536826 1.737795 lgdpau | .8790789 .3588246 2.45 0.014 .1757957 1.582362lgdpdfrati~w | -.4330893 .1480151 -2.93 0.003 -.7231936 -.142985 lpopau | -6.370817 1.211968 -5.26 0.000 -8.746232 -3.995403 lpop | -.4011046 .0844112 -4.75 0.000 -.5665475 -.2356617 lxrate1 | -.1152405 .0205006 -5.62 0.000 -.1554209 -.0750601 lremote | -.9507395 .099428 -9.56 0.000 -1.145615 -.7558643 ldist | -3.188059 .1538578 -20.72 0.000 -3.489615 -2.886503 lopen | -.0544068 .0267327 -2.04 0.042 -.1068018 -.0020118 english | 1.009436 .0848004 11.90 0.000 .8432299 1.175641 white | 4.476896 .7504085 5.97 0.000 3.006122 5.94767 lwhitemg | -.4474086 .0712111 -6.28 0.000 -.5869797 -.3078375 _cons | 95.17274 11.40974 8.34 0.000 72.81007 117.5354------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000197 lgdp | -.000261 .002628 lgdpau | -.001214 .001914 .128755lgdpdfrati~w | -.000579 .0007 -.011596 .021908 lpopau | .004778 -.008053 -.42593 .023345 1.46887 lpop | .000161 -.004099 -.001706 .000153 .005628 .007125 lxrate1 | -.000027 .000319 -.00003 .000415 -.003212 -.000374 .00042 lremote | .00037 -.000035 -.006875 -.003285 .024149 -.000572 .000051 ldist | .000584 -.00154 -.006557 -.001673 .017223 .002347 .000507 lopen | .000041 -.000114 -.000965 .00091 .003554 .000287 -.000076 english | -.000423 .000406 .003135 .002551 -.020205 .000016 .001126

white | .001009 -.012248 -.011292 -.005125 .047177 .018402 -.001248 lwhitemg | -.000088 .000579 .000424 .000259 -.002849 -.000768 .00015 _cons | -.053099 .102795 3.81104 -.075356 -13.5121 -.08452 .045661

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .009886 ldist | .004915 .023672 lopen | .000668 .000261 .000715 english | -.002598 .001925 -.000402 .007191 white | .01014 -.02505 .001817 -.003402 .563113 lwhitemg | -.000066 .003596 -.000124 .000503 -.051712 .005071 _cons | -.343396 -.391658 -.044531 .242618 -.337816 .000237 130.182

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7363.18Log likelihood = -925.4408 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1652828 .0289467 5.71 0.000 .1085483 .2220173 lgdp | 1.681981 .076121 22.10 0.000 1.532787 1.831176 lgdpau | .1006764 .6662032 0.15 0.880 -1.205058 1.406411lgdpdfrati~w | -.3867127 .2573112 -1.50 0.133 -.8910334 .1176079 lpopau | -1.812271 2.312842 -0.78 0.433 -6.345358 2.720816 lpop | -.5992617 .0815236 -7.35 0.000 -.7590449 -.4394784 lxrate1 | -.1660014 .029429 -5.64 0.000 -.2236812 -.1083217 lremote | -.4040001 .1491448 -2.71 0.007 -.6963186 -.1116816 ldist | -3.5058 .3504984 -10.00 0.000 -4.192764 -2.818836 lopen | .1126191 .047536 2.37 0.018 .0194502 .2057879 english | .8882372 .1411535 6.29 0.000 .6115814 1.164893 white | 8.823984 1.829426 4.82 0.000 5.238375 12.40959 lwhitemg | -.7586189 .184244 -4.12 0.000 -1.119731 -.3975073 _cons | 39.74962 21.80533 1.82 0.068 -2.988049 82.48729------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000838 lgdp | -.00133 .005794 lgdpau | -.002636 .006891 .443827lgdpdfrati~w | -.000993 .002372 -.029307 .066209 lpopau | .006748 -.029575 -1.49937 .101664 5.34924 lpop | .000907 -.004569 -.004765 -.001394 .017315 .006646 lxrate1 | .000063 .000637 .000942 .000916 -.008406 -.000931 .000866 lremote | -.000152 .000146 -.008637 -.002787 .022099 -.001698 .000135 ldist | .003613 .006253 -.011333 -.003532 -.018764 -.001346 .001779 lopen | .000108 -.000492 -.000022 .001511 -.000637 .001049 -.000171 english | -.001352 .004437 .008596 .003321 -.038399 -.000177 .001993 white | .002446 -.028233 .005567 -.00181 -.000362 .021922 .003809 lwhitemg | -.000211 .001452 -.002378 -.000488 .008367 -.001495 -.000457 _cons | -.063133 .193234 13.3738 -.956053 -49.1663 -.135809 .09227

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .022244 ldist | .012188 .122849 lopen | .000516 -.000748 .00226 english | -.005461 .002267 -.001483 .019924 white | .0107 -.130756 .002629 .010906 3.3468 lwhitemg | .001325 .010229 -.0002 -.002209 -.330086 .033946 _cons | -.426302 -.80783 .008511 .332363 1.26513 -.191366 475.473

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2268.19Log likelihood = -1112.062 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1049808 .039939 2.63 0.009 .0267018 .1832597 lgdp | .8986491 .0803542 11.18 0.000 .7411577 1.05614 lgdpau | -.9481778 .9239272 -1.03 0.305 -2.759042 .8626862lgdpdfrati~w | -.3732793 .3814033 -0.98 0.328 -1.120816 .3742574 lpopau | 1.428279 3.15738 0.45 0.651 -4.760072 7.616629 lpop | .0831563 .0976826 0.85 0.395 -.1082981 .2746108 lxrate1 | -.1512329 .0351518 -4.30 0.000 -.2201291 -.0823367 lremote | .5918503 .2396299 2.47 0.014 .1221843 1.061516 ldist | -1.400087 .3378744 -4.14 0.000 -2.062309 -.7378651 lopen | .3798704 .0810632 4.69 0.000 .2209895 .5387512 english | 1.585022 .2381002 6.66 0.000 1.118354 2.05169 white | 1.012917 2.195466 0.46 0.645 -3.290118 5.315951 lwhitemg | .2366335 .1937961 1.22 0.222 -.1431998 .6164668 _cons | -9.356487 29.77058 -0.31 0.753 -67.70574 48.99277------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001595 lgdp | -.001522 .006457 lgdpau | -.001965 .00125 .853641lgdpdfrati~w | -.000472 .002047 -.023787 .145468 lpopau | .00371 -.010014 -2.85674 .061756 9.96905 lpop | .00039 -.005739 .000124 -.001429 .001751 .009542 lxrate1 | .000108 .001014 .000503 .002644 -.009099 -.001368 .001236 lremote | .001255 .000588 -.02986 -.016751 .098806 .000721 -.001013 ldist | .004301 -.007322 -.020962 -.008002 .062292 .011614 -.000213 lopen | .00023 -.00114 .004284 .003345 -.023168 .003132 -.000202 english | -.003307 .000777 .009713 .007908 -.027623 -.000716 .001974 white | .00289 -.02325 .097144 .002752 -.371314 .020341 .000359 lwhitemg | -.000434 .000831 -.01037 -.001867 .041365 -.000301 -.000206 _cons | -.040213 .147108 25.4592 -.351875 -91.7998 -.167015 .139895

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .057422 ldist | .021608 .114159 lopen | .00197 -.001246 .006571 english | -.014383 .013575 -.001934 .056692

white | .043219 -.019436 .007879 .041284 4.82007 lwhitemg | -.00065 .005423 -.000512 -.002852 -.414651 .037557 _cons | -1.57263 -1.80147 .243699 .180529 3.59346 -.470528 886.287

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100

Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 59643.59Log likelihood = -907.0955 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0241744 .0135469 1.78 0.074 -.0023772 .0507259 lgdp | 1.520792 .0534307 28.46 0.000 1.41607 1.625514 lgdpau | .6323408 .360017 1.76 0.079 -.0732794 1.337961lgdpdfrati~w | -.2651511 .1347586 -1.97 0.049 -.5292731 -.0010291 lpopau | -6.493066 1.217988 -5.33 0.000 -8.880278 -4.105853 lpop | -.1071974 .0905869 -1.18 0.237 -.2847446 .0703498 lxrate1 | -.0474818 .0182236 -2.61 0.009 -.0831994 -.0117641 lremote | -.5775675 .145895 -3.96 0.000 -.8635164 -.2916186 ldist | -2.413707 .1623934 -14.86 0.000 -2.731992 -2.095422 lopen | -.0402577 .0274362 -1.47 0.142 -.0940318 .0135163 english | 1.156694 .1109988 10.42 0.000 .9391399 1.374247 white | 3.836579 .844403 4.54 0.000 2.181579 5.491578 lwhitemg | -.2751188 .0768344 -3.58 0.000 -.4257114 -.1245263 _cons | 90.66503 11.52381 7.87 0.000 68.07878 113.2513------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000184 lgdp | -.000194 .002855 lgdpau | -.000874 .002049 .129612lgdpdfrati~w | -.00033 .000826 -.007196 .01816 lpopau | .003116 -.007391 -.429872 .011557 1.48349 lpop | .000111 -.00456 -.001791 -.00026 .004323 .008206 lxrate1 | 2.1e-06 .000239 -.000071 .000434 -.002369 -.000287 .000332 lremote | 3.6e-06 -.001038 -.013257 -.004094 .047683 .000441 -.000165 ldist | .000817 -.005387 -.004503 .000751 .005977 .009335 .000528 lopen | .000017 -.000105 -.000904 .000879 .00327 .000287 -.000068 english | -.000303 -.000385 .003237 .002411 -.016873 .000281 .000881 white | .00038 -.015134 -.017958 -.002816 .037099 .026093 .001869 lwhitemg | -.000073 .000624 .000252 -.000184 .001469 -.001249 -.000214 _cons | -.034498 .136603 3.88322 -.005711 -13.7301 -.143705 .035081

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .021285 ldist | -.001843 .026372 lopen | .001111 .000296 .000753 english | -.003948 .006329 -.000452 .012321 white | .020925 .027347 .001125 .005821 .713016 lwhitemg | .000405 -.001414 5.1e-06 -.000303 -.061813 .005904 _cons | -.591605 -.251173 -.045787 .166513 -.665647 -.014345 132.798

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7561.57Log likelihood = -946.5467 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3154928 .0354888 8.89 0.000 .245936 .3850496 lgdp | 1.450917 .0766171 18.94 0.000 1.300751 1.601084 lgdpau | -.1138268 .6648521 -0.17 0.864 -1.416913 1.189259lgdpdfrati~w | -.120924 .2774943 -0.44 0.663 -.6648029 .422955 lpopau | -1.08648 2.319997 -0.47 0.640 -5.633592 3.460631 lpop | -.4058383 .0820831 -4.94 0.000 -.5667183 -.2449583 lxrate1 | -.1514914 .0286947 -5.28 0.000 -.2077319 -.0952509 lremote | -.3646606 .1364791 -2.67 0.008 -.6321547 -.0971666 ldist | -2.633504 .3423606 -7.69 0.000 -3.304518 -1.962489 lopen | .1318047 .0520022 2.53 0.011 .0298823 .2337271 english | .7006067 .1380978 5.07 0.000 .42994 .9712734 white | 9.697472 1.817574 5.34 0.000 6.135093 13.25985 lwhitemg | -.8481346 .1824497 -4.65 0.000 -1.205729 -.4905397 _cons | 25.78538 22.00456 1.17 0.241 -17.34276 68.91352------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001259 lgdp | -.00186 .00587 lgdpau | -.001848 .00385 .442028lgdpdfrati~w | -.001285 .003218 -.029592 .077003 lpopau | .004725 -.020278 -1.49752 .11181 5.38239 lpop | .001055 -.004617 -.001845 -.00215 .00918 .006738 lxrate1 | .000141 .000395 .00009 .001175 -.005861 -.000734 .000823 lremote | .000014 .000023 -.00503 -.001786 .007931 -.001302 .000101 ldist | .005591 .000641 -.010768 -.003671 -.013379 .000726 .001788 lopen | .000143 -.000611 .001349 .001632 -.008426 .001327 -.000249 english | -.001888 .004268 .003439 .004308 -.017392 -.000592 .001825 white | .001602 -.026275 .013764 -.001536 -.006609 .020436 .003594 lwhitemg | -.000085 .001491 -.002332 -.000556 .005517 -.001414 -.000384 _cons | -.063258 .175109 13.377 -1.14322 -49.7928 -.101256 .074426

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .018627 ldist | .011932 .117211 lopen | .000349 -.001049 .002704 english | -.004579 -.003266 -.001758 .019071 white | .010157 -.143558 .003033 .012352 3.30357 lwhitemg | .000978 .012968 -.000248 -.001963 -.325616 .033288 _cons | -.256627 -.772806 .105013 .176775 1.26355 -.171108 484.201

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 9192.94Log likelihood = -1108.294 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .025019 .0148656 1.68 0.092 -.004117 .0541551 lgdp | 1.374857 .0466145 29.49 0.000 1.283494 1.46622 lgdpau | .6892566 .4924301 1.40 0.162 -.2758887 1.654402lgdpdfrati~w | -.1074612 .1530408 -0.70 0.483 -.4074157 .1924934 lpopau | -6.735434 1.678311 -4.01 0.000 -10.02486 -3.446005 lpop | .0545759 .0665893 0.82 0.412 -.0759367 .1850885 lxrate1 | -.0549638 .0187453 -2.93 0.003 -.0917038 -.0182237 lremote | -.8929345 .1542013 -5.79 0.000 -1.195163 -.5907055 ldist | -3.333841 .2187757 -15.24 0.000 -3.762634 -2.905049 lopen | .0438103 .0394299 1.11 0.267 -.0334708 .1210914 english | 2.449378 .1301941 18.81 0.000 2.194202 2.704554 white | 4.011081 1.122193 3.57 0.000 1.811623 6.210538 lwhitemg | -.1947324 .0939776 -2.07 0.038 -.3789251 -.0105398 _cons | 104.3227 16.07082 6.49 0.000 72.82447 135.8209------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000221 lgdp | -.000384 .002173 lgdpau | .000206 -.000346 .242487lgdpdfrati~w | -.000374 .000551 .000862 .023421 lpopau | -.002496 .003004 -.807822 -.003624 2.81673 lpop | .000202 -.002373 -.000169 .000041 -.002029 .004434 lxrate1 | -8.9e-06 .000153 .000277 .000625 -.002607 -.000304 .000351 lremote | .000183 .000339 -.019144 .001299 .058566 -.000636 .000013 ldist | .000597 .000343 -.011064 .000375 .020719 .000549 .000415 lopen | .000048 -.00025 -.000257 .00209 .001791 .000595 -.00012 english | -.000661 .000364 .001536 .0013 -.007969 .001863 .000968 white | .000498 -.012043 -.003924 -.000181 -.00125 .022673 .000323 lwhitemg | -.000016 .000627 -.001137 .000309 .004434 -.001561 .000054 _cons | .033939 -.057131 7.32175 -.01454 -26.2722 .020675 .030955

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .023778 ldist | .014832 .047863 lopen | .000997 .000133 .001555 english | -.003082 .002627 -.001206 .016951 white | .003891 .000648 .000529 .033118 1.25932 lwhitemg | .001445 .001652 .000028 -.002943 -.101898 .008832 _cons | -.819874 -.664928 -.037627 .049385 -.022003 -.061468 258.271

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrmnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squares

Panels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 635.75Log likelihood = -561.9601 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3051478 .0391069 7.80 0.000 .2284997 .3817959 lgdp | .1664626 .0690381 2.41 0.016 .0311505 .3017747 lgdpau | -1.445934 .2966121 -4.87 0.000 -2.027283 -.8645845lgdpdfrati~w | -.4837447 .1755281 -2.76 0.006 -.8277735 -.1397159 lpopau | 2.588447 1.005686 2.57 0.010 .6173383 4.559555 lpop | .4939816 .0835625 5.91 0.000 .3302021 .6577611 lxrate1 | -.194021 .0237711 -8.16 0.000 -.2406115 -.1474306 lremote | -.0456086 .0872281 -0.52 0.601 -.2165726 .1253554 ldist | -1.469935 .3739924 -3.93 0.000 -2.202946 -.7369232 lopen | .0763475 .0322215 2.37 0.018 .0131945 .1395006 english | .5280771 .2103537 2.51 0.012 .1157913 .9403628 white | 9.364832 .736197 12.72 0.000 7.921912 10.80775 lwhitemg | -.9268498 .0736734 -12.58 0.000 -1.071247 -.7824526 _cons | 3.810964 9.77736 0.39 0.697 -15.35231 22.97424------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001529 lgdp | -.001482 .004766 lgdpau | -7.6e-06 .001042 .087979lgdpdfrati~w | -.00043 .001829 .0074 .03081 lpopau | .000776 -.006927 -.284824 -.003449 1.0114 lpop | .000095 -.003309 -.002596 -.00137 .00248 .006983 lxrate1 | -.000022 .000419 .003391 .001553 -.011088 -.00053 .000565 lremote | .000536 .000434 -.003923 -.002262 .008356 -.000462 -.000191 ldist | .002207 -.008874 .001629 -.002695 -.029756 .017212 .000423 lopen | -.000068 -.000278 -.002732 -.000155 .005873 .000582 -.000257 english | -.002549 .002006 .008996 .004653 -.039818 .004936 .001503 white | .00719 -.006919 .025263 .010444 -.099766 .011739 .003871 lwhitemg | -.000666 -.000125 -.002705 -.001407 .010556 -.00026 -.000441 _cons | -.015326 .115915 2.42774 -.150674 -8.92187 -.165666 .087152

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .007609 ldist | .007383 .13987 lopen | .000178 .000262 .001038 english | -.000489 .012294 -.0008 .044249 white | -.000067 -.02407 -.001922 .050552 .541986 lwhitemg | .000311 .005678 .000257 -.00267 -.051473 .005428 _cons | -.175064 -1.03298 -.029856 .167452 1.08234 -.144239 95.5968

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrmmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100

Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2262.08Log likelihood = -588.4125 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2088707 .0394255 5.30 0.000 .1315981 .2861434 lgdp | .3112287 .0615206 5.06 0.000 .1906506 .4318068 lgdpau | -.1261369 .1105117 -1.14 0.254 -.3427357 .090462lgdpdfrati~w | -.1374987 .0664715 -2.07 0.039 -.2677804 -.0072169 lpopau | 2.727137 .4126302 6.61 0.000 1.918397 3.535877 lpop | .8108798 .1047324 7.74 0.000 .6056082 1.016151 lxrate1 | -.0345523 .0124605 -2.77 0.006 -.0589744 -.0101303 lremote | .1290794 .0465475 2.77 0.006 .037848 .2203107 ldist | -3.286906 .3614868 -9.09 0.000 -3.995407 -2.578404 lopen | -.0062666 .0421771 -0.15 0.882 -.0889323 .076399 english | .0887658 .2566032 0.35 0.729 -.4141672 .5916988 white | 23.37204 3.003708 7.78 0.000 17.48488 29.2592 lwhitemg | -2.259395 .2799947 -8.07 0.000 -2.808175 -1.710616 _cons | -26.5377 6.085295 -4.36 0.000 -38.46466 -14.61074------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001554 lgdp | -.001149 .003785 lgdpau | -.001173 .000225 .012213lgdpdfrati~w | .00041 -.001305 .002144 .004418 lpopau | .007029 -.0041 -.040691 -.001457 .170264 lpop | -.000116 -.00331 .001192 .000844 -.00618 .010969 lxrate1 | -.000014 .000098 -.000129 -.000037 .00117 -.000298 .000155 lremote | -.000441 .001381 -.001473 -.002014 .000523 -.001097 .000134 ldist | .005958 -.000729 -.005289 -.000421 .030688 -.000879 -.000397 lopen | -.00035 -.000245 .00025 -.000789 -.006947 .001646 -.000278 english | -.000487 .001567 .000396 -.00005 -.001332 .002274 -.000034 white | .005887 -.009568 .000703 .003621 -.001039 .030101 -.000948 lwhitemg | -.000888 .000652 .000135 -.000355 -.00151 -.002809 .0001 _cons | -.1206 .028497 .39934 -.001034 -1.90699 -.008444 -.011354

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .002167 ldist | .000262 .130673 lopen | .000461 -.000575 .001779 english | .000173 .05235 -.000599 .065845 white | -.003751 .02743 .003075 .033956 9.02226 lwhitemg | .00038 -.006624 -.000168 -.003903 -.828878 .078397 _cons | -.00136 -1.62616 .094864 -.573238 -.547205 .118283 37.0308

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrmsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 540.95Log likelihood = -546.6692 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

lrmsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5570548 .0487156 11.43 0.000 .4615741 .6525356 lgdp | -.0074858 .0734227 -0.10 0.919 -.1513917 .13642 lgdpau | 1.994508 .7986343 2.50 0.013 .4292138 3.559803lgdpdfrati~w | -.7432294 .2889473 -2.57 0.010 -1.309556 -.1769031 lpopau | -9.925278 2.743398 -3.62 0.000 -15.30224 -4.548317 lpop | .3537985 .0876495 4.04 0.000 .1820087 .5255883 lxrate1 | -.1268791 .0247097 -5.13 0.000 -.1753093 -.0784488 lremote | .010966 .2522357 0.04 0.965 -.483407 .5053389 ldist | -1.334525 .3128452 -4.27 0.000 -1.94769 -.7213597 lopen | .045722 .0542101 0.84 0.399 -.0605278 .1519719 english | -.1983552 .2118318 -0.94 0.349 -.6135378 .2168275 white | 9.076227 1.091218 8.32 0.000 6.937478 11.21498 lwhitemg | -.8303531 .0971989 -8.54 0.000 -1.020859 -.6398467 _cons | 122.5705 25.98372 4.72 0.000 71.64334 173.4977------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002373 lgdp | -.001476 .005391 lgdpau | .000411 -.00051 .637817lgdpdfrati~w | -.001342 .001425 -.018583 .083491 lpopau | -.00582 -.003709 -2.13028 .077351 7.52623 lpop | -.000061 -.003374 -.000456 -.000722 -.001525 .007682 lxrate1 | .000169 -.000262 .000405 .000631 -.003816 -.000355 .000611 lremote | .001564 .003719 -.020848 -.012798 .057127 -.002006 .000404 ldist | .004396 .001447 -.008765 -.003269 -.013995 .005006 .000911 lopen | -.000227 .000579 .000375 -.000626 -.010389 .000728 -.000024 english | -.001538 .000686 .003789 .00383 -.01712 .00059 .000729 white | .014557 -.024431 .016861 -.009738 -.07334 .024717 .005067 lwhitemg | -.0014 .001299 -.002832 .000092 .01332 -.001431 -.000396 _cons | .04846 -.029408 18.902 -.753853 -69.2789 -.038356 .04851

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .063623 ldist | .030606 .097872 lopen | .001283 .002347 .002939 english | -.010322 .022681 -.000268 .044873 white | .021248 .012289 -.001608 .015913 1.19076 lwhitemg | .000583 -.000722 .000102 -.000855 -.101885 .009448 _cons | -1.29369 -.877665 .108848 .022436 .483323 -.137979 675.154

. xtgls lrmsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1429.63Log likelihood = -363.9759 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0506593 .0192856 2.63 0.009 .0128602 .0884583 lgdp | .2075679 .055642 3.73 0.000 .0985116 .3166242 lgdpau | -.2454177 .3231687 -0.76 0.448 -.8788167 .3879814lgdpdfrati~w | -.4759736 .2100492 -2.27 0.023 -.8876625 -.0642847 lpopau | 2.764049 1.150249 2.40 0.016 .5096022 5.018496

lpop | .135135 .0690901 1.96 0.050 -.0002792 .2705492 lxrate1 | -.0848888 .0194573 -4.36 0.000 -.1230245 -.0467531 lremote | -.1366111 .1164774 -1.17 0.241 -.3649026 .0916805 ldist | -1.258122 .213905 -5.88 0.000 -1.677368 -.8388757 lopen | -.0004951 .0261841 -0.02 0.985 -.0518151 .0508249 english | 1.982568 .207664 9.55 0.000 1.575554 2.389582 white | 9.566936 1.741783 5.49 0.000 6.153104 12.98077 lwhitemg | -.7285098 .1788221 -4.07 0.000 -1.078995 -.3780249 _cons | -31.48758 11.63938 -2.71 0.007 -54.30034 -8.674824------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000372 lgdp | -.000387 .003096 lgdpau | .000263 -.001508 .104438lgdpdfrati~w | -.000756 -.000074 -.001459 .044121 lpopau | -.001204 .006332 -.357388 .025282 1.32307 lpop | .000117 -.002894 .000923 .000895 -.007264 .004773 lxrate1 | -.000026 .000188 .001322 .000846 -.006309 -.000176 .000379 lremote | .000177 .001057 -.007508 -.003612 .026275 -.000667 -.000367 ldist | .000995 .000735 -.001824 -.002147 -.000475 .002332 -.000356

lopen | .000024 -.000269 -.000132 .001121 -.001026 .000341 -.000012 english | -.000342 -.002938 .004389 .003904 -.014701 .004713 .000412 white | .001872 -.023182 .014804 .002499 -.079417 .025686 .001246 lwhitemg | -.0002 .001397 -.00128 .000061 .006255 -.001795 -.000089 _cons | .007856 -.102958 3.28529 -.389035 -12.8266 .069099 .073052

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .013567 ldist | .001028 .045755 lopen | -.000117 -.000114 .000686 english | -.004102 .014515 -.00017 .043124 white | .010294 -.019897 .001202 .071937 3.03381 lwhitemg | -.000314 .000532 -.00005 -.006556 -.30693 .031977 _cons | -.375254 -.443285 .022534 .008427 1.11227 -.07362 135.475

. xtgls lrmsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1048.03Log likelihood = -834.0917 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1612268 .0650762 2.48 0.013 .0336798 .2887737 lgdp | .5609214 .108378 5.18 0.000 .3485043 .7733384 lgdpau | -2.277845 1.109222 -2.05 0.040 -4.451881 -.1038095lgdpdfrati~w | -1.05612 .4525695 -2.33 0.020 -1.943139 -.1690997 lpopau | 4.861478 3.802561 1.28 0.201 -2.591405 12.31436 lpop | .1815659 .1248025 1.45 0.146 -.0630424 .4261743 lxrate1 | -.1491871 .0399001 -3.74 0.000 -.2273898 -.0709844 lremote | 1.580998 .2862451 5.52 0.000 1.019968 2.142028 ldist | -1.489592 .5035102 -2.96 0.003 -2.476454 -.5027298 lopen | -.0115696 .0749357 -0.15 0.877 -.158441 .1353018 english | .3698428 .2635966 1.40 0.161 -.1467971 .8864827

white | 10.81783 1.522499 7.11 0.000 7.833783 13.80187 lwhitemg | -.8658645 .146328 -5.92 0.000 -1.152662 -.579067 _cons | -32.20817 35.76622 -0.90 0.368 -102.3087 37.89232------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004235 lgdp | -.004289 .011746 lgdpau | -.00178 .00565 1.23037lgdpdfrati~w | -.001871 .004701 -.001005 .204819 lpopau | .001996 -.027336 -4.11245 .057212 14.4595 lpop | .001421 -.010043 -.002605 -.002743 .012247 .015576 lxrate1 | .00012 .001533 .001081 .001598 -.010769 -.001462 .001592 lremote | .001396 -.002838 -.03603 -.022381 .091572 .002639 .001023 ldist | .01256 -.009323 -.009434 -.009748 -.009701 .014372 -.001823 lopen | .000271 -.000662 .006582 .000969 -.033246 .001929 -.000336 english | -.005986 .011073 .007271 .002029 -.027926 -.008475 -.000452 white | .025916 -.049564 -.041524 -.040802 .058231 .048788 .006144 lwhitemg | -.00298 .002941 -.00042 .001087 .012484 -.002428 -.000888 _cons | -.064127 .324207 36.2748 -.901144 -132.406 -.311622 .139907

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .081936 ldist | .020881 .253523 lopen | .002644 .00367 .005615 english | -.004598 .025859 -.000784 .069483 white | .130954 .12737 .000961 .034126 2.318 lwhitemg | -.005028 -.017331 .000014 -.005455 -.212106 .021412 _cons | -1.46158 -2.25743 .30917 -.03379 -2.04245 .004593 1279.22

. xtgls lrmsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 577.40Log likelihood = -130.4531 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0439832 .0293841 1.50 0.134 -.0136085 .1015749 lgdp | .1484589 .0596318 2.49 0.013 .0315828 .265335 lgdpau | .412401 .4129978 1.00 0.318 -.3970598 1.221862lgdpdfrati~w | .3011579 .1835681 1.64 0.101 -.0586289 .6609447 lpopau | 2.627581 1.461271 1.80 0.072 -.2364562 5.491619 lpop | .2978785 .0789532 3.77 0.000 .1431331 .4526238 lxrate1 | -.0369624 .0171532 -2.15 0.031 -.0705821 -.0033428 lremote | -.017115 .1288658 -0.13 0.894 -.2696873 .2354573 ldist | -2.189486 .4187954 -5.23 0.000 -3.01031 -1.368662 lopen | .0479447 .0375802 1.28 0.202 -.0257112 .1216006 english | .8080198 .1865641 4.33 0.000 .4423609 1.173679 white | 15.50874 1.198373 12.94 0.000 13.15997 17.8575 lwhitemg | -1.313785 .111513 -11.78 0.000 -1.532347 -1.095224 _cons | -41.29073 15.03051 -2.75 0.006 -70.74999 -11.83147------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000863 lgdp | -.000655 .003556 lgdpau | -.000492 -.000172 .170567lgdpdfrati~w | -.00066 .000597 -.000212 .033697 lpopau | .000893 .002334 -.573075 .012683 2.13531 lpop | -.000119 -.002597 .000571 .000709 -.005641 .006234 lxrate1 | .000061 .000088 .000198 .000582 -.002843 -.000122 .000294 lremote | .000816 .002184 -.00715 -.003727 .021436 -.001736 .00007 ldist | .002347 -.003864 -.009188 -.006993 -.00232 .009033 .00007 lopen | -.000019 -.000087 .000357 .000336 -.005098 .000534 -.00005 english | -.001299 -.000863 .003037 .002871 -.014437 .004931 .000216 white | .004501 -.017575 .031976 -.000959 -.290373 .02518 .004059 lwhitemg | -.000535 .001005 -.003262 -.000042 .028628 -.001916 -.000428 _cons | -.018791 -.052181 5.17798 -.163732 -20.5228 -.032905 .038793

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .016606 ldist | .015388 .17539 lopen | .000054 .000257 .001412 english | -.004679 .007905 .000149 .034806 white | -.005918 -.01767 .000037 .046367 1.4361 lwhitemg | .000682 .002535 .000035 -.003876 -.130531 .012435 _cons | -.480097 -1.59661 .066676 .061059 4.14485 -.406836 225.916

. xtgls lrmsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 262.68Log likelihood = 118.8881 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0086526 .0201697 0.43 0.668 -.0308793 .0481844 lgdp | .2670986 .0500093 5.34 0.000 .1690823 .365115 lgdpau | -.3224723 .3453595 -0.93 0.350 -.9993646 .3544199lgdpdfrati~w | -.1322736 .1475617 -0.90 0.370 -.4214893 .1569421 lpopau | 4.32202 1.262342 3.42 0.001 1.847875 6.796165 lpop | -.058212 .0569042 -1.02 0.306 -.1697422 .0533183 lxrate1 | -.1070104 .0155843 -6.87 0.000 -.1375551 -.0764658 lremote | .3474769 .1263436 2.75 0.006 .0998479 .5951059 ldist | -1.356187 .2787993 -4.86 0.000 -1.902623 -.8097502 lopen | .0295222 .0287743 1.03 0.305 -.0268743 .0859187 english | .107766 .1490297 0.72 0.470 -.1843269 .3998589 white | 9.23477 2.074361 4.45 0.000 5.169097 13.30044 lwhitemg | -.774936 .1986014 -3.90 0.000 -1.164188 -.3856844 _cons | -57.46146 13.39499 -4.29 0.000 -83.71516 -31.20776------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000407 lgdp | -.000391 .002501 lgdpau | .000247 -.000605 .119273lgdpdfrati~w | -.000438 .000431 -.005535 .021774 lpopau | -.002482 .004256 -.410685 .025845 1.59351

lpop | .000032 -.002009 -.000054 -.00012 -2.4e-06 .003238 lxrate1 | -4.7e-06 7.6e-06 .00055 .000506 -.004691 -.000126 .000243 lremote | .000335 .001635 -.007092 -.001359 .02562 -.001522 -.000098 ldist | .001706 -.001299 -.001882 -.001907 -.0007 .003443 -2.7e-06 lopen | -7.0e-06 .00001 .000105 .00015 -.00162 .000179 -.000031 english | -.000547 -.001197 -.000022 .000593 .015598 .003829 .000228 white | .002701 -.01444 .017865 -.004628 -.15212 .013647 .002031 lwhitemg | -.00032 .000918 -.002117 .000475 .015423 -.001064 -.000153 _cons | .022521 -.079009 3.78029 -.284114 -15.9746 -.024152 .064518

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .015963 ldist | .006883 .077729 lopen | .000107 -.000476 .000828 english | -.000906 .012657 -.000271 .02221 white | -.000497 .009062 -.000775 .026685 4.30297 lwhitemg | .000676 -.00187 .000098 -.002406 -.405409 .039443 _cons | -.456102 -.776186 .025198 -.408788 2.05673 -.190196 179.426

. xtgls lrmsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 528.41Log likelihood = -703.8738 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2142659 .0556721 3.85 0.000 .1051505 .3233813 lgdp | .7343576 .1063949 6.90 0.000 .5258274 .9428877 lgdpau | -.77379 .7052848 -1.10 0.273 -2.156123 .6085428lgdpdfrati~w | -.4722576 .2944776 -1.60 0.109 -1.049423 .1049079 lpopau | 4.266357 2.432985 1.75 0.080 -.5022063 9.03492 lpop | -.2518791 .1476473 -1.71 0.088 -.5412625 .0375044 lxrate1 | -.183343 .0332631 -5.51 0.000 -.2485374 -.1181485 lremote | .1968486 .2423313 0.81 0.417 -.278112 .6718092 ldist | -3.056765 .6990486 -4.37 0.000 -4.426875 -1.686655 lopen | .0320887 .0684939 0.47 0.639 -.1021569 .1663343 english | -.6134947 .4275658 -1.43 0.151 -1.451508 .224519 white | 19.34991 4.303528 4.50 0.000 10.91515 27.78467 lwhitemg | -1.755768 .3955446 -4.44 0.000 -2.531022 -.9805151 _cons | -32.6136 23.80975 -1.37 0.171 -79.27985 14.05265------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003099 lgdp | -.002694 .01132 lgdpau | .001636 -.001232 .497427lgdpdfrati~w | -.001718 .003693 -.012746 .086717 lpopau | -.011102 -.000021 -1.65684 .066991 5.91942 lpop | -.000087 -.008213 -.001361 -.001894 -.00772 .0218 lxrate1 | .000215 .000695 .001972 .001315 -.010863 -.000947 .001106 lremote | .000784 .004055 -.018793 -.013757 .032789 -.002883 .000732 ldist | .013372 .008989 -.003387 -.004358 -.074189 .008014 .00086

lopen | .000569 -.001204 -.000602 .000096 -.014394 .002138 -.000241 english | -.006066 .004078 -.000122 .004858 -.01059 .018752 .000182

white | .009933 -.033948 .147151 .022958 -.420446 .072382 .005892 lwhitemg | -.001581 .001407 -.0153 -.00361 .047901 -.005465 -.000737 _cons | .055888 -.207438 14.6786 -.753313 -54.1931 -.04471 .106598

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .058724 ldist | .032916 .488669 lopen | .000788 .00385 .004691 english | -.001416 .127083 -.001756 .182813 white | .038004 .262782 .004865 .278491 18.5204 lwhitemg | -.000559 -.040188 -.000345 -.031154 -1.67444 .156456 _cons | -.920487 -4.04417 .206422 -1.42056 -.286304 .071082 566.904

. xtgls lrmsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1139.29Log likelihood = -568.4335 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2651672 .0489283 5.42 0.000 .1692696 .3610648 lgdp | .5337788 .0989534 5.39 0.000 .3398338 .7277238 lgdpau | .8124527 .6597479 1.23 0.218 -.4806293 2.105535lgdpdfrati~w | -.0448887 .2872598 -0.16 0.876 -.6079075 .5181301 lpopau | -3.532307 2.282172 -1.55 0.122 -8.005282 .940667 lpop | .51287 .1214977 4.22 0.000 .2747389 .7510011 lxrate1 | -.1161422 .030863 -3.76 0.000 -.1766325 -.0556518 lremote | -.2532799 .2285805 -1.11 0.268 -.7012896 .1947297 ldist | -2.067501 .4311585 -4.80 0.000 -2.912556 -1.222446 lopen | -.0937951 .0746653 -1.26 0.209 -.2401364 .0525463 english | .7898075 .3186993 2.48 0.013 .1651684 1.414447 white | 22.95934 3.182255 7.21 0.000 16.72224 29.19645 lwhitemg | -2.236358 .2807577 -7.97 0.000 -2.786633 -1.686083 _cons | 41.97192 21.89166 1.92 0.055 -.9349386 84.87877------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002394 lgdp | -.002095 .009792 lgdpau | -.002391 .005577 .435267lgdpdfrati~w | -.001971 .003547 -.006598 .082518 lpopau | .007376 -.036022 -1.45703 .023702 5.20831 lpop | .000308 -.007629 -.00364 -.002929 .017689 .014762 lxrate1 | .000068 .000701 .000385 .001429 -.005284 -.000853 .000953 lremote | .000804 .00315 -.0126 -.019022 .024314 -.001507 .000291 ldist | .008609 -.003405 -.009801 -.004549 .002537 .013566 .000867 lopen | .000254 -.000089 .001177 .002329 -.016572 .001324 -.000097 english | -.003461 .003178 .004635 .006657 -.019862 -.001233 .000997 white | .007241 -.030775 .029047 -.011243 -.040206 .050121 .005206 lwhitemg | -.000968 .000968 -.004095 -.00066 .012817 -.003291 -.000567 _cons | -.116687 .361536 12.904 -.119933 -47.9513 -.371979 .059559

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .052249

ldist | .011934 .185898 lopen | .00137 .001797 .005575 english | -.008006 .057851 -.002386 .101569 white | .029857 .032563 .003594 -.005238 10.1267 lwhitemg | -.000137 -.00618 -.000418 .001828 -.878861 .078825 _cons | -.674885 -1.84915 .196616 -.342073 -.835463 -.006535 479.245

. xtgls lrmsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1777.31Log likelihood = -749.4965 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0913783 .03795 2.41 0.016 .0169976 .165759 lgdp | 1.010172 .105365 9.59 0.000 .8036606 1.216684 lgdpau | .5564301 .7637376 0.73 0.466 -.9404682 2.053328lgdpdfrati~w | -.1685851 .3137022 -0.54 0.591 -.7834302 .44626 lpopau | 4.257435 2.649316 1.61 0.108 -.9351295 9.45 lpop | -.4508513 .1516938 -2.97 0.003 -.7481656 -.1535369 lxrate1 | -.1575156 .0279337 -5.64 0.000 -.2122645 -.1027666 lremote | -.2353276 .2078178 -1.13 0.257 -.642643 .1719878 ldist | -1.090891 .7930561 -1.38 0.169 -2.645253 .4634704 lopen | -.0124398 .0778422 -0.16 0.873 -.1650077 .1401282 english | .0021601 .3396759 0.01 0.995 -.6635924 .6679126 white | 28.06744 2.713096 10.35 0.000 22.74987 33.38501 lwhitemg | -2.612975 .2625463 -9.95 0.000 -3.127556 -2.098394 _cons | -85.77749 26.31264 -3.26 0.001 -137.3493 -34.20567------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00144 lgdp | -.002357 .011102 lgdpau | -.000406 .000924 .583295lgdpdfrati~w | -.002631 .003977 -.015418 .098409 lpopau | -.006362 -.008735 -1.94838 .075852 7.01888 lpop | .002166 -.013581 -.004496 -.003244 .029056 .023011 lxrate1 | -.000031 .000694 .001428 .001216 -.012218 -.001193 .00078 lremote | .001633 .005243 -.019452 -.0079 .012841 -.004118 .000468 ldist | .008193 .012985 -.032515 -.012427 -.055038 .014024 .001621 lopen | .000267 -.000407 -.002409 .004833 -.002823 .000686 -.000216 english | -.001628 .004082 .005359 .00517 -.013919 -.001973 .001512 white | .02057 -.065041 .056774 -.031405 -.480189 .074861 .009707 lwhitemg | -.001857 .004581 -.00668 .002462 .052236 -.00541 -.00094 _cons | .038305 -.080486 17.5585 -.794526 -65.1893 -.519755 .144148

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .043188 ldist | .08278 .628938 lopen | .002091 .003173 .006059 english | .000346 .0592 -.000988 .11538 white | .035306 .092288 -.008549 .206358 7.36089 lwhitemg | -.002471 -.015809 .001037 -.023075 -.701847 .068931 _cons | -.92592 -5.52871 .059152 -.552867 5.44404 -.524894 692.355

. xtgls lrmsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 514.78Log likelihood = -561.3692 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4714727 .0589948 7.99 0.000 .3558451 .5871003 lgdp | .1616337 .0958779 1.69 0.092 -.0262835 .3495508 lgdpau | .9656843 .7206412 1.34 0.180 -.4467466 2.378115lgdpdfrati~w | -.459418 .3119439 -1.47 0.141 -1.070817 .1519808 lpopau | -4.144199 2.489168 -1.66 0.096 -9.022879 .7344819 lpop | .3737282 .1029995 3.63 0.000 .1718529 .5756034 lxrate1 | -.0806493 .0344553 -2.34 0.019 -.1481805 -.0131181 lremote | -.1503013 .2278646 -0.66 0.510 -.5969076 .296305 ldist | -1.185095 .5791319 -2.05 0.041 -2.320173 -.0500171 lopen | .0950364 .0677276 1.40 0.161 -.0377072 .22778 english | -.1526916 .2904656 -0.53 0.599 -.7219936 .4166105 white | 19.54352 2.056059 9.51 0.000 15.51372 23.57333 lwhitemg | -1.853561 .195309 -9.49 0.000 -2.23636 -1.470762 _cons | 48.84204 23.63048 2.07 0.039 2.527142 95.15693------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00348 lgdp | -.002963 .009193 lgdpau | -.002417 .006714 .519324lgdpdfrati~w | -.002687 .006229 -.006249 .097309 lpopau | .005391 -.036224 -1.7363 .037326 6.19596 lpop | .000897 -.005886 -.004489 -.004046 .013455 .010609 lxrate1 | .000326 .000484 -.000113 .00094 -.004549 -.00065 .001187 lremote | .000196 .003253 -.009176 -.016951 -.001628 .000551 .0014 ldist | .011606 .000794 -.005441 -.011859 -.06342 .006024 .000336 lopen | -.000443 .001142 .001864 -.000416 -.021237 .001296 -.000052 english | -.00345 .005756 .00583 .002301 -.023645 .00019 -.001679 white | .023075 -.038733 -.009665 -.073906 .107328 .013701 -.000614 lwhitemg | -.002742 .002315 -.000874 .004626 .00074 -.000265 -.000269 _cons | -.104968 .284444 15.2516 -.355859 -56.1093 -.203476 .057407

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .051922 ldist | .037166 .335394 lopen | .002495 .003053 .004587 english | .00699 .095748 .00018 .08437 white | .111228 .238543 -.009146 .166665 4.22738 lwhitemg | -.007964 -.033118 .000815 -.019048 -.392891 .038146 _cons | -.614582 -2.50523 .213083 -.860229 -4.2457 .365978 558.4

. xtgls lrmsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squares

Panels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1531.78Log likelihood = -280.977 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0042172 .0227617 0.19 0.853 -.0403949 .0488293 lgdp | .4478165 .0820442 5.46 0.000 .2870127 .6086202 lgdpau | -.3980734 .510153 -0.78 0.435 -1.397955 .6018082lgdpdfrati~w | .1367166 .2272946 0.60 0.548 -.3087726 .5822058 lpopau | 1.673265 1.759818 0.95 0.342 -1.775915 5.122446 lpop | -.2409059 .118147 -2.04 0.041 -.4724698 -.0093421 lxrate1 | -.0497027 .0244306 -2.03 0.042 -.0975858 -.0018196 lremote | -.0014232 .1737317 -0.01 0.993 -.3419311 .3390848 ldist | -3.898942 .5198833 -7.50 0.000 -4.917894 -2.879989 lopen | -.0030001 .0508566 -0.06 0.953 -.1026772 .096677 english | -.0643329 .2857369 -0.23 0.822 -.6243669 .4957012 white | 15.89458 2.642461 6.02 0.000 10.71545 21.07371 lwhitemg | -1.156825 .2840097 -4.07 0.000 -1.713473 -.6001759 _cons | 14.96637 17.56324 0.85 0.394 -19.45694 49.38969------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000518 lgdp | -.000651 .006731 lgdpau | .000235 -.002178 .260256lgdpdfrati~w | -.000703 .002006 -.010904 .051663 lpopau | -.00181 .002252 -.868298 .052158 3.09696 lpop | .000238 -.006346 -.000163 -.00049 -.004329 .013959 lxrate1 | -.000037 .000176 .00133 .001125 -.006678 -.000547 .000597 lremote | .000049 .002377 -.016463 -.003649 .048047 -.00234 -.00011 ldist | .002217 .003278 -.010884 -.000055 -.017434 .019801 -.000406

lopen | .000067 -.000256 -.001891 .001519 .000407 .000953 -.000017 english | -.001111 .00052 .001316 .001284 -.001995 .004443 .000613 white | .004084 -.037698 .044833 -.006879 -.298618 .06485 .00237 lwhitemg | -.000461 .001645 -.005297 .000025 .035218 -.005201 -.000016 _cons | .011666 -.080754 7.87816 -.638253 -28.8637 -.168558 .081641

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .030183 ldist | .014693 .270279 lopen | .000014 .001027 .002586 english | .000302 .056672 .000125 .081646 white | -.00178 .158993 .00075 .099861 6.9826 lwhitemg | .00283 -.0202 2.3e-06 -.010024 -.740291 .080662 _cons | -.782966 -2.54646 .023317 -.638284 2.06103 -.230173 308.467

.

.

.

. clear

. *Estimating the Australian Immigration Trade relationship;

. insheet using k:\book2.txt(54 vars, 11640 obs)

. drop if ccode ==. (10630 observations deleted)

.

. *Dropping El Salvadore

. drop if ccode==138180(10 observations deleted)

.

.

.

. **Regression of Imports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Imports

. xtgls lrimp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 9775.47Log likelihood = -515.2538 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrimp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3502248 .0306207 11.44 0.000 .2902093 .4102402 lgdp | 1.154437 .0321427 35.92 0.000 1.091439 1.217436 lgdpau | .0783349 .5966197 0.13 0.896 -1.091018 1.247688lgdpdfrati~w | -.9579564 .2442202 -3.92 0.000 -1.436619 -.4792936 lpopau | -2.352657 2.059755 -1.14 0.253 -6.389703 1.684389 lpop | .0281858 .0407688 0.69 0.489 -.0517196 .1080912 lxrate1 | -.1355966 .016353 -8.29 0.000 -.1676479 -.1035453 lremote | -.3758883 .078061 -4.82 0.000 -.5288851 -.2228914 ldist | -2.044908 .1565003 -13.07 0.000 -2.351643 -1.738173 lopen | .2631967 .0552543 4.76 0.000 .1549002 .3714931 english | .7367382 .1265205 5.82 0.000 .4887625 .9847139 white | 4.328242 .5709081 7.58 0.000 3.209282 5.447201 lwhitemg | -.4077691 .0507495 -8.03 0.000 -.5072364 -.3083018 _cons | 39.05835 18.96031 2.06 0.039 1.89683 76.21988------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000938 lgdp | -.000262 .001033 lgdpau | -.000891 .001314 .355955lgdpdfrati~w | -.000795 .000139 -.009401 .059644 lpopau | .001952 -.007871 -1.20509 .049589 4.24259 lpop | -.000169 -.000693 .000256 .000316 -.000864 .001662 lxrate1 | .000079 .00016 .00043 .00023 -.002789 -.000081 .000267

lremote | .000517 .000121 -.000613 -.00214 -.002536 -.000432 .00001 ldist | .00166 .001176 .000981 -.001597 -.016342 -.0003 .001451 lopen | -.000199 .000641 .002496 .000758 -.016832 .000357 .000179 english | -.001113 .002588 .003131 .002617 -.01161 -.00102 .000642 white | .004569 -.001744 .003014 -.008393 -.024038 .005023 .000312 lwhitemg | -.000557 .000152 -.000282 .000786 .002673 -.000399 -.000047 _cons | -.026985 .07069 10.6291 -.608896 -38.4634 .005654 .016936

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .006094 ldist | .005096 .024492 lopen | .001287 .001001 .003053 english | -.003433 .002589 -.000506 .016007 white | -.001127 -.001364 -.000283 .00276 .325936 lwhitemg | .000223 -.000412 -.000049 -.000099 -.028508 .002576 _cons | -.037758 -.067917 .174584 .06583 .261603 -.027515 359.493

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 74319.33Log likelihood = -955.0497 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0529699 .0138104 3.84 0.000 .0259019 .0800378 lgdp | 1.604238 .0497522 32.24 0.000 1.506726 1.701751 lgdpau | .8725031 .3559376 2.45 0.014 .1748784 1.570128lgdpdfrati~w | -.4388547 .1480458 -2.96 0.003 -.7290192 -.1486902 lpopau | -6.326946 1.202329 -5.26 0.000 -8.683467 -3.970426 lpop | -.34682 .0828314 -4.19 0.000 -.5091666 -.1844734 lxrate1 | -.123008 .0203253 -6.05 0.000 -.1628448 -.0831713 lremote | -.9625455 .0852997 -11.28 0.000 -1.12973 -.7953612 ldist | -3.223868 .1615393 -19.96 0.000 -3.54048 -2.907257 lopen | -.0551981 .0265297 -2.08 0.037 -.1071953 -.0032009 english | .9855357 .0862497 11.43 0.000 .8164895 1.154582 white | 4.65492 .7710277 6.04 0.000 3.143734 6.166107 lwhitemg | -.4612074 .0739749 -6.23 0.000 -.6061956 -.3162192 _cons | 94.99349 11.25332 8.44 0.000 72.93739 117.0496------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000191 lgdp | -.000271 .002475 lgdpau | -.001246 .001609 .126692lgdpdfrati~w | -.000611 .000402 -.011945 .021918 lpopau | .004921 -.006474 -.41896 .024252 1.44559 lpop | .000177 -.003884 -.001194 .00069 .002803 .006861 lxrate1 | -.000029 .000251 -.000072 .000395 -.003092 -.000254 .000413 lremote | .000492 .000726 -.005927 -.002909 .021047 -.001887 .000125 ldist | .00066 -.001331 -.005952 -.000942 .013812 .00216 .000632 lopen | .000048 -.000078 -.000942 .000942 .003454 .000224 -.000069

english | -.000427 .000155 .003052 .002656 -.020292 .000467 .001126 white | .001279 -.011809 -.009103 -.002969 .03653 .017953 -.000892 lwhitemg | -.000094 .000666 .000426 .000202 -.002727 -.000934 .000146 _cons | -.056433 .076492 3.73479 -.093156 -13.2417 -.039319 .042649

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .007276 ldist | .002632 .026095 lopen | .00052 .000162 .000704 english | -.002638 .00252 -.000393 .007439 white | .002774 -.025461 .001573 -.001847 .594484 lwhitemg | .00005 .003291 -.000132 .000428 -.055894 .005472 _cons | -.269264 -.357595 -.041114 .239326 -.156733 .000799 126.637

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7348.56Log likelihood = -919.0102 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1138407 .0235758 4.83 0.000 .0676329 .1600485 lgdp | 1.715876 .070581 24.31 0.000 1.57754 1.854213 lgdpau | .1048413 .5637299 0.19 0.852 -1.000049 1.209732lgdpdfrati~w | -.4610074 .2254005 -2.05 0.041 -.9027843 -.0192304 lpopau | -2.468004 1.95548 -1.26 0.207 -6.300674 1.364666 lpop | -.6010933 .0793117 -7.58 0.000 -.7565414 -.4456453 lxrate1 | -.1729589 .0278756 -6.20 0.000 -.2275941 -.1183237 lremote | -.4265823 .1370337 -3.11 0.002 -.6951635 -.1580011 ldist | -4.024825 .343434 -11.72 0.000 -4.697943 -3.351707 lopen | .0643441 .0427131 1.51 0.132 -.019372 .1480603 english | 1.043677 .1444175 7.23 0.000 .7606235 1.32673 white | 9.610601 1.876869 5.12 0.000 5.932006 13.2892 lwhitemg | -.8195764 .188048 -4.36 0.000 -1.188144 -.4510091 _cons | 55.28788 18.5159 2.99 0.003 18.99739 91.57837------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000556 lgdp | -.000876 .004982 lgdpau | -.002163 .00501 .317791lgdpdfrati~w | -.000891 .002022 -.020693 .050805 lpopau | .006301 -.024774 -1.0711 .067214 3.8239 lpop | .000604 -.00401 -.003084 -.001187 .012797 .00629 lxrate1 | .000018 .00057 .000341 .00094 -.006309 -.000819 .000777 lremote | -.000088 -.000277 -.007655 -.002562 .022194 -.001334 .000097 ldist | .002426 .007996 -.011115 -.0037 -.012729 -.002046 .001433 lopen | .000108 -.00056 -.000274 .001703 .001092 .000975 -.000202 english | -.001051 .003297 .00696 .003186 -.039677 .001548 .00195 white | .001118 -.028256 .003859 .000704 .005776 .023087 .003912 lwhitemg | -.000103 .00144 -.001757 -.000582 .006465 -.00152 -.000434 _cons | -.061466 .158454 9.57116 -.590798 -35.1512 -.108828 .077079

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .018778 ldist | .009405 .117947 lopen | .000593 -.000591 .001824 english | -.005306 .003831 -.001516 .020856 white | .01056 -.142947 .00219 .019129 3.52264 lwhitemg | .001095 .011124 -.000116 -.002701 -.345833 .035362 _cons | -.393246 -.864037 -.013455 .376996 1.30619 -.182089 342.838

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2336.25Log likelihood = -1093.734 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0980368 .0358906 2.73 0.006 .0276925 .168381 lgdp | .942274 .07734 12.18 0.000 .7906905 1.093858 lgdpau | -.5061209 .8118428 -0.62 0.533 -2.097304 1.085062lgdpdfrati~w | -.4558439 .3405594 -1.34 0.181 -1.123328 .2116404 lpopau | .4258125 2.785439 0.15 0.879 -5.033547 5.885172 lpop | -.0176022 .0964276 -0.18 0.855 -.2065968 .1713924 lxrate1 | -.143431 .0330873 -4.33 0.000 -.2082809 -.0785811 lremote | .5303383 .2227661 2.38 0.017 .0937248 .9669519 ldist | -1.592288 .3285289 -4.85 0.000 -2.236193 -.9483835 lopen | .3378704 .0770098 4.39 0.000 .1869339 .4888069 english | 1.696579 .234783 7.23 0.000 1.236413 2.156745 white | 1.563128 2.179172 0.72 0.473 -2.70797 5.834226 lwhitemg | .174483 .1914477 0.91 0.362 -.2007476 .5497135 _cons | -1.319587 26.47193 -0.05 0.960 -53.20362 50.56445------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001288 lgdp | -.00122 .005981 lgdpau | -.001103 .00085 .659089lgdpdfrati~w | .000021 .001449 -.01436 .115981 lpopau | .000883 -.006998 -2.20977 .045267 7.75867 lpop | .000336 -.005489 .000049 -.001435 -.001439 .009298 lxrate1 | .000095 .000884 .000605 .002247 -.007708 -.001169 .001095 lremote | .00117 .000529 -.025726 -.013978 .080637 .000574 -.000747 ldist | .003362 -.00641 -.017453 -.005294 .052451 .011164 -.000222 lopen | .000243 -.001097 .004445 .001629 -.025066 .002914 -.000173 english | -.002827 .000559 .007232 .005115 -.010381 -.001452 .001623 white | .003359 -.022458 .10828 .008032 -.436491 .017712 .001261 lwhitemg | -.000439 .000725 -.011265 -.002106 .046586 -.000015 -.000246 _cons | -.011268 .105729 19.7586 -.335799 -71.8434 -.108567 .112527

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .049625 ldist | .018632 .107931 lopen | .001722 -.000816 .005931

english | -.012438 .015581 -.002014 .055123 white | .036874 -.023939 .006048 .035624 4.74879 lwhitemg | -.000636 .005964 -.000329 -.002357 -.406499 .036652 _cons | -1.28244 -1.65653 .272838 -.059042 4.4967 -.540925 700.763

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 64341.63Log likelihood = -891.9814 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0254806 .0138502 1.84 0.066 -.0016653 .0526266 lgdp | 1.57746 .0521965 30.22 0.000 1.475156 1.679763 lgdpau | .6594808 .3780495 1.74 0.081 -.0814826 1.400444lgdpdfrati~w | -.2170854 .1377965 -1.58 0.115 -.4871615 .0529907 lpopau | -6.603867 1.279137 -5.16 0.000 -9.110929 -4.096805 lpop | -.1973584 .0901733 -2.19 0.029 -.3740949 -.0206219 lxrate1 | -.0413862 .0184069 -2.25 0.025 -.0774631 -.0053093 lremote | -.5962518 .151604 -3.93 0.000 -.8933901 -.2991135 ldist | -2.523625 .1648177 -15.31 0.000 -2.846662 -2.200588 lopen | -.0362676 .0285171 -1.27 0.203 -.09216 .0196248 english | 1.113622 .1145319 9.72 0.000 .8891433 1.3381 white | 3.641626 .8779478 4.15 0.000 1.92088 5.362372 lwhitemg | -.2768463 .0812482 -3.41 0.001 -.4360899 -.1176027 _cons | 93.09468 12.03392 7.74 0.000 69.50864 116.6807------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000192 lgdp | -.0002 .002724 lgdpau | -.000758 .001749 .142921lgdpdfrati~w | -.000341 .000745 -.007275 .018988 lpopau | .002585 -.0059 -.474266 .011538 1.63619 lpop | .00012 -.004419 -.001308 -.000069 .001979 .008131 lxrate1 | 9.0e-06 .000188 -.000092 .000461 -.002359 -.000204 .000339

lremote | .000018 -.000715 -.015306 -.003727 .054748 -.000312 -.000171 ldist | .000871 -.005322 -.002992 .001242 -.001036 .009399 .000708 lopen | .000015 -.000064 -.000967 .001057 .003347 .000246 -.000062 english | -.000324 -.000334 .003673 .002598 -.018516 .000174 .000937 white | .000676 -.015887 -.015698 -.00089 .026824 .028051 .001977 lwhitemg | -.000104 .000779 -.000185 -.000313 .003116 -.001577 -.000209 _cons | -.029405 .117207 4.27268 -.01331 -15.0877 -.113843 .03353

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .022984 ldist | -.003433 .027165 lopen | .001113 .000236 .000813 english | -.00465 .006497 -.000487 .013118 white | .014539 .033456 .001023 .006454 .770792 lwhitemg | .001167 -.002244 3.2e-06 -.000427 -.068203 .006601

_cons | -.650436 -.171823 -.045229 .186958 -.574193 -.027031 144.815

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7815.29Log likelihood = -948.2702 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2660005 .0333149 7.98 0.000 .2007046 .3312965 lgdp | 1.533061 .0739058 20.74 0.000 1.388208 1.677914 lgdpau | -.1502464 .6234099 -0.24 0.810 -1.372107 1.071615lgdpdfrati~w | -.1600735 .2660943 -0.60 0.547 -.6816087 .3614616 lpopau | -1.15963 2.181398 -0.53 0.595 -5.435091 3.115832 lpop | -.4698462 .081189 -5.79 0.000 -.6289736 -.3107188 lxrate1 | -.1445484 .0281931 -5.13 0.000 -.1998058 -.089291 lremote | -.340957 .1279044 -2.67 0.008 -.591645 -.0902691 ldist | -2.887824 .3373992 -8.56 0.000 -3.549114 -2.226534 lopen | .1193554 .0503353 2.37 0.018 .0206999 .2180108 english | .7694798 .1381164 5.57 0.000 .4987767 1.040183 white | 10.07929 1.847762 5.45 0.000 6.457739 13.70083 lwhitemg | -.8862681 .1845679 -4.80 0.000 -1.248015 -.5245217 _cons | 29.60933 20.74599 1.43 0.154 -11.05206 70.27072------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00111 lgdp | -.001632 .005462 lgdpau | -.001832 .003519 .38864lgdpdfrati~w | -.001269 .003004 -.025348 .070806 lpopau | .004912 -.01888 -1.31946 .09834 4.7585 lpop | .000949 -.004421 -.001539 -.002032 .008156 .006592 lxrate1 | .000102 .000365 -.000074 .001178 -.00508 -.000685 .000795 lremote | 7.4e-06 -.000231 -.004263 -.001123 .006731 -.001136 .000129 ldist | .004959 .001411 -.011114 -.003266 -.012199 .000645 .001532 lopen | .000148 -.000695 .001558 .001609 -.008368 .001373 -.000269 english | -.001764 .003992 .002865 .004434 -.018561 -.000213 .001849 white | .000649 -.026327 .013649 .000303 -.001688 .020029 .003959 lwhitemg | -8.4e-06 .001516 -.002166 -.000569 .00433 -.001336 -.000392 _cons | -.063255 .160698 11.8194 -1.03206 -44.1167 -.095201 .068096

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .01636 ldist | .010102 .113838

lopen | .000373 -.000985 .002534 english | -.004452 -.002526 -.00174 .019076 white | .010413 -.156712 .003132 .01447 3.41422 lwhitemg | .000819 .014216 -.00023 -.002047 -.335074 .034065 _cons | -.217062 -.747961 .098781 .202019 1.31635 -.168299 430.396

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 9098.28Log likelihood = -1100.083 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0358725 .0177101 2.03 0.043 .0011613 .0705837 lgdp | 1.403218 .0507054 27.67 0.000 1.303837 1.502598 lgdpau | .3751671 .5685923 0.66 0.509 -.7392533 1.489587lgdpdfrati~w | -.0197945 .1912523 -0.10 0.918 -.394642 .3550531 lpopau | -4.678252 1.932233 -2.42 0.015 -8.465359 -.8911443 lpop | .002737 .0730705 0.04 0.970 -.1404786 .1459526 lxrate1 | -.0782921 .0220118 -3.56 0.000 -.1214345 -.0351497 lremote | -1.088508 .1573362 -6.92 0.000 -1.396882 -.780135 ldist | -3.431486 .2129483 -16.11 0.000 -3.848857 -3.014115 lopen | .1238066 .0487318 2.54 0.011 .0282941 .2193191 english | 2.310188 .1514829 15.25 0.000 2.013287 2.607089 white | 3.413737 1.150438 2.97 0.003 1.15892 5.668553 lwhitemg | -.1923919 .0966664 -1.99 0.047 -.3818546 -.0029293 _cons | 81.31476 18.24743 4.46 0.000 45.55045 117.0791------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000314 lgdp | -.000536 .002571 lgdpau | -.000438 .000378 .323297lgdpdfrati~w | -.000663 .000807 .00161 .036577 lpopau | -.000476 .001473 -1.07443 -.002979 3.73352 lpop | .000271 -.002803 -.000126 .000079 -.00362 .005339 lxrate1 | -.000037 .000257 .000442 .000828 -.002893 -.000461 .000485 lremote | .000395 .000615 -.015489 -.00311 .048584 -.001389 -.000407 ldist | .000808 .000164 -.010898 -.00268 .024462 -.000309 .00011 lopen | .000114 -.000443 -.000159 .002067 .000416 .00092 -.000145 english | -.001012 .001034 .003782 .00275 -.01195 .000858 .001283 white | .000573 -.012684 .001461 -.000773 -.011332 .023008 -.000062 lwhitemg | -6.9e-06 .000674 -.001104 .000109 .00348 -.001536 .00008 _cons | .015842 -.053823 9.57334 .003453 -34.3818 .056685 .037364

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .024755 ldist | .016519 .045347 lopen | .001189 .000228 .002375 english | -.005071 .003294 -.001745 .022947 white | -.00007 -.009248 .001071 .034086 1.32351 lwhitemg | .001434 .002817 4.3e-06 -.003085 -.107797 .009344 _cons | -.762481 -.700363 -.020271 .065561 .143766 -.05883 332.969

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrmnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 575.42Log likelihood = -579.6419 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4049873 .0412193 9.83 0.000 .3241988 .4857757 lgdp | .0853824 .0539889 1.58 0.114 -.0204339 .1911987 lgdpau | .4943732 .3577343 1.38 0.167 -.2067732 1.19552lgdpdfrati~w | -.6517456 .1369116 -4.76 0.000 -.9200874 -.3834037 lpopau | -3.432898 1.330428 -2.58 0.010 -6.040489 -.8253081 lpop | .4548029 .0812113 5.60 0.000 .2956317 .6139741 lxrate1 | -.1445878 .0236373 -6.12 0.000 -.190916 -.0982596 lremote | .2715402 .1547915 1.75 0.079 -.0318456 .574926 ldist | -1.23321 .3856273 -3.20 0.001 -1.989026 -.4773941 lopen | .1402765 .019995 7.02 0.000 .1010871 .1794659 english | .3698884 .2241491 1.65 0.099 -.0694358 .8092127 white | 10.27059 .7041707 14.59 0.000 8.890437 11.65074 lwhitemg | -.9963449 .0701311 -14.21 0.000 -1.133799 -.8588903 _cons | 49.60472 13.83404 3.59 0.000 22.4905 76.71895------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001699 lgdp | -.00052 .002915 lgdpau | .003337 -.003613 .127974lgdpdfrati~w | -.001448 -.000579 -.004257 .018745 lpopau | -.020946 .022211 -.452304 .013171 1.77004 lpop | -.000738 -.002144 -.000408 .001147 -.007538 .006595 lxrate1 | .000054 .000126 .001507 .000842 -.008286 -.000331 .000559 lremote | .002443 .002023 -.012087 -.006174 .033249 -.002989 -.000336 ldist | .003872 -.004297 -.000992 -.000952 -.066721 .012392 .001084 lopen | .000414 -.000429 .000043 -.00083 -.00354 .00018 -.00018 english | -.002776 .001233 -.003072 .004678 .006804 .006152 .001308 white | .005891 -.00256 .02387 .000638 -.161599 .010511 .004123 lwhitemg | -.000706 -.000205 -.003029 .000138 .016694 -.000405 -.00041 _cons | .216707 -.282809 4.32968 -.061831 -17.4102 -.007729 .089357

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .02396 ldist | .017808 .148708 lopen | .000519 .001022 .0004 english | -.004087 .011236 -.001242 .050243 white | .005 -.023844 .000182 .055816 .495856 lwhitemg | .000063 .004788 -1.6e-06 -.002783 -.046653 .004918 _cons | -.620157 -.565912 .050012 -.252549 2.03647 -.224646 191.381

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrmmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2224.92Log likelihood = -584.4588 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .214488 .0406393 5.28 0.000 .1348366 .2941395 lgdp | .3279782 .0627461 5.23 0.000 .2049981 .4509583 lgdpau | -.133083 .1208778 -1.10 0.271 -.3699992 .1038331lgdpdfrati~w | -.145106 .0719729 -2.02 0.044 -.2861704 -.0040416 lpopau | 2.732751 .4464466 6.12 0.000 1.857731 3.60777 lpop | .7839541 .1077535 7.28 0.000 .5727611 .9951472 lxrate1 | -.0377276 .0134272 -2.81 0.005 -.0640444 -.0114108 lremote | .1325442 .0501002 2.65 0.008 .0343497 .2307387 ldist | -3.304855 .3620809 -9.13 0.000 -4.014521 -2.59519 lopen | -.0097476 .0449115 -0.22 0.828 -.0977725 .0782773 english | .0017894 .2518834 0.01 0.994 -.491893 .4954719 white | 23.19837 2.98892 7.76 0.000 17.34019 29.05655

lwhitemg | -2.251935 .2779788 -8.10 0.000 -2.796764 -1.707107 _cons | -26.2493 6.293742 -4.17 0.000 -38.58481 -13.91379------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001652 lgdp | -.001269 .003937 lgdpau | -.001264 .000322 .014611lgdpdfrati~w | .000428 -.001304 .002549 .00518 lpopau | .007441 -.00468 -.048402 -.00201 .199315 lpop | -.000142 -.00361 .001319 .000887 -.007167 .011611 lxrate1 | -.00001 .000117 -.000156 -.000047 .001368 -.000338 .00018 lremote | -.000467 .001423 -.001765 -.002301 .000849 -.001214 .00016 ldist | .006254 -.000736 -.005684 -.000572 .03187 -.000751 -.000443 lopen | -.000362 -.000267 .000251 -.000914 -.007757 .001843 -.000315 english | -.000399 .001993 .000318 -.000093 .000129 .003578 -.000072 white | .006336 -.010578 .001184 .003977 -.002796 .032884 -.00109 lwhitemg | -.00092 .000806 .00005 -.000431 -.001128 -.002997 .000111 _cons | -.125168 .036876 .466676 -.000134 -2.17547 .000931 -.013612

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .00251 ldist | .000418 .131103 lopen | .000542 -.000514 .002017 english | .000268 .051702 -.000791 .063445 white | -.004166 .030722 .003584 .038097 8.93364 lwhitemg | .000464 -.007108 -.000223 -.004724 -.819047 .077272 _cons | -.002322 -1.6435 .104948 -.619891 -.584158 .118156 39.6112

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrmsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 511.12

Log likelihood = -557.9981 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5079599 .0521886 9.73 0.000 .405672 .6102477 lgdp | .0059443 .0775822 0.08 0.939 -.146114 .1580025 lgdpau | 1.93372 .7866793 2.46 0.014 .391857 3.475583lgdpdfrati~w | -.5806469 .2800713 -2.07 0.038 -1.129576 -.0317173 lpopau | -9.601763 2.702757 -3.55 0.000 -14.89907 -4.304457 lpop | .3626834 .0994887 3.65 0.000 .1676891 .5576777 lxrate1 | -.1063491 .0257422 -4.13 0.000 -.1568028 -.0558954 lremote | -.0595207 .2572969 -0.23 0.817 -.5638133 .4447719 ldist | -1.572627 .3192517 -4.93 0.000 -2.198349 -.9469049 lopen | .0473224 .0538095 0.88 0.379 -.0581423 .1527871 english | .0443545 .2439239 0.18 0.856 -.4337276 .5224366 white | 9.407374 1.104126 8.52 0.000 7.243326 11.57142 lwhitemg | -.844351 .0972932 -8.68 0.000 -1.035042 -.6536597 _cons | 121.1615 25.64849 4.72 0.000 70.89134 171.4316------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002724 lgdp | -.001482 .006019 lgdpau | .00023 -.000223 .618864lgdpdfrati~w | -.00163 .0016 -.017643 .07844 lpopau | -.004778 -.00569 -2.06627 .066349 7.30489 lpop | -.000623 -.004219 -.000326 -.000173 -.001757 .009898 lxrate1 | .000109 -.00015 .000435 .000967 -.004529 -.000333 .000663 lremote | .002397 .004131 -.022655 -.013088 .065182 -.004105 .000248 ldist | .005292 .001392 -.009548 -.003676 -.009499 .003097 .000801 lopen | -.000348 .000755 .000358 -.000389 -.009808 .000692 5.4e-06 english | -.003612 .001747 .005494 .00693 -.028396 .002333 .00125 white | .010782 -.025396 .01706 -.002379 -.087192 .033462 .005879 lwhitemg | -.001215 .00129 -.002913 -.000415 .014758 -.001889 -.000473 _cons | .02912 -.008893 18.3506 -.598212 -67.3335 -.016334 .058632

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .066202 ldist | .031852 .101922 lopen | .001028 .001978 .002895 english | -.015058 .017909 .000403 .059499 white | .010254 -.000693 -.001262 .035835 1.21909 lwhitemg | .001123 .000116 .000067 -.001859 -.102771 .009466 _cons | -1.39064 -.950921 .101889 .197424 .808967 -.164672 657.845

. xtgls lrmsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1307.42Log likelihood = -385.4931 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .060315 .0207717 2.90 0.004 .0196032 .1010267 lgdp | .2257599 .0579955 3.89 0.000 .1120907 .339429

lgdpau | -.1955513 .3473813 -0.56 0.573 -.8764061 .4853035lgdpdfrati~w | -.4324699 .2131155 -2.03 0.042 -.8501686 -.0147713 lpopau | 2.285053 1.229345 1.86 0.063 -.1244188 4.694525 lpop | .1076443 .0722938 1.49 0.136 -.034049 .2493376 lxrate1 | -.0771317 .0196688 -3.92 0.000 -.1156819 -.0385816 lremote | -.1416867 .1211676 -1.17 0.242 -.3791707 .0957974 ldist | -1.290834 .2021372 -6.39 0.000 -1.687016 -.8946526 lopen | -.007509 .026626 -0.28 0.778 -.059695 .0446771 english | 1.906421 .215057 8.86 0.000 1.484917 2.327925 white | 9.507883 1.776264 5.35 0.000 6.02647 12.9893 lwhitemg | -.7292299 .1824018 -4.00 0.000 -1.086731 -.3717289 _cons | -24.56816 12.25998 -2.00 0.045 -48.59728 -.5390333------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1

-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000431 lgdp | -.000406 .003363 lgdpau | .000304 -.001494 .120674lgdpdfrati~w | -.00061 -.000224 -.001795 .045418 lpopau | -.001829 .006051 -.411655 .024705 1.51129 lpop | .000103 -.003101 .000793 .001083 -.007207 .005226 lxrate1 | -.000019 .000208 .001389 .000866 -.006527 -.000202 .000387 lremote | .000253 .001132 -.008117 -.004311 .028066 -.000753 -.000432 ldist | .001103 .0007 -.001413 -.00188 -.002401 .002302 -.000362 lopen | 5.0e-06 -.000255 -.000038 .001026 -.001162 .000334 -.000011 english | -.000623 -.002918 .004642 .003478 -.013543 .005049 .000401 white | .001663 -.024417 .014019 .001765 -.076521 .027368 .001108 lwhitemg | -.000198 .00145 -.001283 .00005 .006592 -.001898 -.000093 _cons | .01578 -.101603 3.7627 -.368601 -14.5142 .07008 .07544

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .014682 ldist | .000601 .040859 lopen | -.000102 -.000166 .000709 english | -.005379 .011755 -.000112 .04625 white | .011597 -.02614 .001259 .075679 3.15511 lwhitemg | -.000455 .001112 -.000047 -.006902 -.319324 .03327 _cons | -.39389 -.370204 .022627 .015489 1.13526 -.082908 150.307

. xtgls lrmsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 965.63Log likelihood = -838.6724 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .208077 .066252 3.14 0.002 .0782255 .3379285 lgdp | .4756526 .1128411 4.22 0.000 .2544881 .6968172 lgdpau | -2.518463 1.149982 -2.19 0.029 -4.772386 -.2645398lgdpdfrati~w | -1.119453 .4586895 -2.44 0.015 -2.018468 -.2204381 lpopau | 5.270715 3.945309 1.34 0.182 -2.461949 13.00338 lpop | .2012216 .1222588 1.65 0.100 -.0384013 .4408445 lxrate1 | -.157538 .0406001 -3.88 0.000 -.2371127 -.0779633 lremote | 1.781769 .2812673 6.33 0.000 1.230495 2.333043

ldist | -1.507641 .4854571 -3.11 0.002 -2.45912 -.5561631 lopen | -.0061934 .0764414 -0.08 0.935 -.1560158 .1436289 english | .2654055 .2667422 0.99 0.320 -.2573995 .7882105 white | 11.02803 1.431468 7.70 0.000 8.222405 13.83366 lwhitemg | -.8583154 .1380349 -6.22 0.000 -1.128859 -.5877719 _cons | -32.81202 37.03407 -0.89 0.376 -105.3975 39.77343------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004389 lgdp | -.004751 .012733 lgdpau | -.002131 .00601 1.32246lgdpdfrati~w | -.001997 .0049 -.005769 .210396 lpopau | .003502 -.029986 -4.42457 .073463 15.5655 lpop | .001818 -.010299 -.002531 -.002902 .012057 .014947 lxrate1 | .000065 .001684 .001045 .001684 -.011102 -.00152 .001648 lremote | .001191 -.002363 -.032062 -.020485 .08036 .002802 .000936 ldist | .012757 -.011162 -.009667 -.011441 -.007222 .014588 -.002382 lopen | .00026 -.000691 .007385 .000931 -.036471 .002119 -.000339 english | -.006714 .012526 .008211 .002269 -.033022 -.009108 -.000482 white | .026996 -.050496 -.040061 -.038059 .051841 .048868 .005455 lwhitemg | -.003029 .002984 -.000145 .001032 .012194 -.002465 -.000847 _cons | -.076241 .355242 39.0015 -1.05408 -142.455 -.299845 .150073

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .079111 ldist | .022407 .235669 lopen | .002823 .004035 .005843 english | -.00451 .026446 -.000679 .071151 white | .122092 .135295 .001851 .027171 2.0491 lwhitemg | -.00462 -.017393 -.000044 -.004883 -.187432 .019054 _cons | -1.38227 -2.09418 .334411 -.000527 -1.95789 -.001017 1371.52

. xtgls lrmsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 566.08Log likelihood = -127.2177 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0376519 .0293293 1.28 0.199 -.0198325 .0951363 lgdp | .1487498 .0589583 2.52 0.012 .0331937 .2643059 lgdpau | .4020984 .408716 0.98 0.325 -.3989702 1.203167lgdpdfrati~w | .3339818 .1828938 1.83 0.068 -.0244835 .6924471 lpopau | 2.519588 1.44321 1.75 0.081 -.3090511 5.348227 lpop | .2964335 .0796174 3.72 0.000 .1403863 .4524806 lxrate1 | -.0330103 .0165506 -1.99 0.046 -.0654488 -.0005718 lremote | -.0298258 .1277738 -0.23 0.815 -.2802579 .2206062 ldist | -2.21181 .419753 -5.27 0.000 -3.03451 -1.389109 lopen | .0576239 .037502 1.54 0.124 -.0158787 .1311265 english | .8474314 .1870146 4.53 0.000 .4808896 1.213973 white | 15.67595 1.204255 13.02 0.000 13.31565 18.03624 lwhitemg | -1.325869 .1121216 -11.83 0.000 -1.545623 -1.106115 _cons | -38.92021 14.8396 -2.62 0.009 -68.00529 -9.835126------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00086 lgdp | -.000641 .003476 lgdpau | -.000568 -.000057 .167049lgdpdfrati~w | -.000653 .00069 -.000429 .03345 lpopau | .00127 .001412 -.560454 .01517 2.08285 lpop | -.00016 -.002543 .000498 .000584 -.004902 .006339 lxrate1 | .000059 .000088 .000182 .000557 -.00268 -.000118 .000274 lremote | .000855 .002079 -.007345 -.003417 .021037 -.001692 .000103 ldist | .002306 -.003823 -.009754 -.007363 -.000283 .008987 .000096 lopen | -.000038 -.000039 .000299 .000251 -.004472 .000534 -.000052 english | -.001347 -.000715 .003145 .002625 -.013775 .004814 .000153 white | .004252 -.016754 .03005 -.002762 -.273934 .024805 .003736 lwhitemg | -.00051 .000938 -.00309 .000119 .027075 -.001873 -.000397 _cons | -.022668 -.038618 5.06717 -.198212 -19.9951 -.045746 .036046

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .016326 ldist | .015816 .176193 lopen | .00005 .00025 .001406 english | -.004749 .007688 .00019 .034974 white | -.004957 -.018634 -.000499 .044186 1.45023 lwhitemg | .00057 .002681 .00008 -.003701 -.131936 .012571 _cons | -.468858 -1.62666 .056997 .049213 3.91534 -.385557 220.214

. xtgls lrmsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 256.31Log likelihood = 120.8462 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0113118 .0199909 0.57 0.571 -.0278696 .0504932 lgdp | .2567412 .0494499 5.19 0.000 .1598212 .3536612 lgdpau | -.315432 .350219 -0.90 0.368 -1.001849 .3709847lgdpdfrati~w | -.1254422 .1458092 -0.86 0.390 -.411223 .1603387 lpopau | 4.330589 1.275678 3.39 0.001 1.830305 6.830873 lpop | -.0873367 .0583975 -1.50 0.135 -.2017937 .0271203 lxrate1 | -.1019227 .01542 -6.61 0.000 -.1321452 -.0717001 lremote | .3501225 .1286289 2.72 0.006 .0980144 .6022306 ldist | -1.371925 .2786172 -4.92 0.000 -1.918005 -.8258458 lopen | .0261037 .0287113 0.91 0.363 -.0301695 .0823768 english | .1004088 .151412 0.66 0.507 -.1963532 .3971708 white | 9.270604 2.07418 4.47 0.000 5.205287 13.33592 lwhitemg | -.7724547 .1988891 -3.88 0.000 -1.16227 -.3826392 _cons | -57.00697 13.48452 -4.23 0.000 -83.43615 -30.57779------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0004 lgdp | -.000358 .002445

lgdpau | .000241 -.000707 .122653lgdpdfrati~w | -.000426 .000416 -.005877 .02126 lpopau | -.002677 .005426 -.421508 .026744 1.62736 lpop | .000026 -.002103 -.000031 -.000142 -.000377 .00341 lxrate1 | -3.9e-07 -2.2e-06 .000522 .000498 -.004648 -.000117 .000238 lremote | .000345 .0018 -.007511 -.001297 .025856 -.001558 -.000078 ldist | .001656 -.001009 -.002114 -.001832 -.001942 .003602 7.8e-06 lopen | -8.7e-06 -7.1e-06 .000098 .000155 -.001312 .000179 -.000031 english | -.000496 -.001391 1.5e-06 .000504 .017303 .003742 .000188 white | .002792 -.015051 .017712 -.004794 -.151029 .01414 .001997 lwhitemg | -.000333 .000983 -.002096 .000493 .015003 -.001083 -.000147 _cons | .025595 -.097158 3.87938 -.29002 -16.2629 -.020423 .064351

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .016545 ldist | .007171 .077628 lopen | .000127 -.000407 .000824 english | -.001106 .01329 -.000292 .022926 white | -.000408 .010908 -.00092 .027068 4.30222 lwhitemg | .000646 -.002106 .000119 -.002431 -.406005 .039557 _cons | -.460063 -.760235 .019841 -.43631 2.02963 -.1824 181.832

. xtgls lrmsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 520.01Log likelihood = -702.2488 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2173258 .0550225 3.95 0.000 .1094838 .3251679 lgdp | .7646287 .1048667 7.29 0.000 .5590936 .9701637 lgdpau | -.6825385 .7033187 -0.97 0.332 -2.061018 .6959408lgdpdfrati~w | -.462301 .2909071 -1.59 0.112 -1.032468 .1078665 lpopau | 3.834714 2.423927 1.58 0.114 -.9160967 8.585524 lpop | -.2905411 .1473485 -1.97 0.049 -.5793389 -.0017434 lxrate1 | -.1639878 .0319083 -5.14 0.000 -.226527 -.1014487 lremote | .2337894 .2402269 0.97 0.330 -.2370467 .7046254 ldist | -2.881309 .6814444 -4.23 0.000 -4.216916 -1.545703 lopen | .0520801 .0681039 0.76 0.444 -.081401 .1855612 english | -.5707569 .4252813 -1.34 0.180 -1.404293 .2627792 white | 19.97596 4.213336 4.74 0.000 11.71797 28.23394 lwhitemg | -1.821811 .3863434 -4.72 0.000 -2.57903 -1.064592 _cons | -30.03205 23.68501 -1.27 0.205 -76.45381 16.38971------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1

-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003027 lgdp | -.002601 .010997 lgdpau | .001433 -.000682 .494657lgdpdfrati~w | -.001749 .003645 -.012631 .084627 lpopau | -.009841 -.002331 -1.64813 .068057 5.87542 lpop | -.000163 -.00799 -.001674 -.00222 -.00498 .021712 lxrate1 | .000207 .000602 .001944 .00132 -.010782 -.000879 .001018 lremote | .000853 .003949 -.020275 -.01335 .037329 -.002866 .000675

ldist | .012702 .008303 -.002918 -.004627 -.065122 .007105 .000801 lopen | .000476 -.001004 -.00056 -.000505 -.012625 .002043 -.000215 english | -.006132 .003171 .000788 .005198 -.010481 .018639 .000209 white | .008751 -.034542 .136537 .019645 -.384987 .075841 .004638 lwhitemg | -.00145 .001502 -.01448 -.003228 .044734 -.005776 -.000592 _cons | .045593 -.171809 14.6087 -.767136 -53.8152 -.077057 .108477

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .057709 ldist | .030491 .464366 lopen | .000943 .003576 .004638 english | -.003255 .119878 -.001658 .180864 white | .031387 .25444 .005511 .28065 17.7522 lwhitemg | .000016 -.038656 -.000394 -.030982 -1.60033 .149261 _cons | -.922129 -3.91798 .174903 -1.33923 -.48599 .083534 560.98

. xtgls lrmsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1014.89Log likelihood = -568.7 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2814221 .0495547 5.68 0.000 .1842966 .3785476 lgdp | .538599 .0983765 5.47 0.000 .3457845 .7314134 lgdpau | .6459384 .6715965 0.96 0.336 -.6703666 1.962243lgdpdfrati~w | -.1143713 .2909075 -0.39 0.694 -.6845396 .4557969 lpopau | -2.983951 2.323939 -1.28 0.199 -7.538788 1.570887 lpop | .4785641 .119369 4.01 0.000 .2446051 .7125231 lxrate1 | -.1058205 .028976 -3.65 0.000 -.1626124 -.0490287 lremote | -.2453531 .2335082 -1.05 0.293 -.7030207 .2123145 ldist | -2.111152 .4484188 -4.71 0.000 -2.990036 -1.232267 lopen | -.1152542 .0765954 -1.50 0.132 -.2653784 .03487 english | .678559 .3218134 2.11 0.035 .0478164 1.309302 white | 22.85647 3.195059 7.15 0.000 16.59426 29.11867 lwhitemg | -2.235556 .2819353 -7.93 0.000 -2.788139 -1.682973 _cons | 38.01415 22.32439 1.70 0.089 -5.740849 81.76914------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002456 lgdp | -.002159 .009678 lgdpau | -.00223 .004992 .451042lgdpdfrati~w | -.001838 .003108 -.015529 .084627 lpopau | .006556 -.03412 -1.51026 .054864 5.40069 lpop | .000359 -.007146 -.003258 -.002535 .015645 .014249 lxrate1 | .000049 .000681 .000768 .001432 -.007301 -.000813 .00084 lremote | .000656 .003751 -.015164 -.017789 .030811 -.002117 .000424 ldist | .009276 -.002571 -.010198 -.003524 -.001373 .013064 .00091 lopen | .000301 -.00018 .000434 .002176 -.013834 .001505 -.000048 english | -.003126 .002343 .004675 .005685 -.019189 -.000161 .000942 white | .007483 -.029829 .032841 -.009895 -.061637 .049092 .003832 lwhitemg | -.001003 .000962 -.004449 -.000628 .014768 -.00347 -.000421 _cons | -.112239 .327838 13.4132 -.422189 -49.7966 -.341043 .081767

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .054526 ldist | .012106 .201079 lopen | .001498 .001899 .005867 english | -.007284 .059255 -.002755 .103564 white | .027976 .033765 .004969 .006634 10.2084 lwhitemg | .000153 -.0071 -.000538 .000709 -.886078 .079488 _cons | -.742063 -1.93501 .167761 -.372243 -.577486 -.020743 498.378

. xtgls lrmsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1853.45Log likelihood = -746.244 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0901258 .0386265 2.33 0.020 .0144192 .1658323 lgdp | 1.011229 .1060685 9.53 0.000 .8033386 1.21912 lgdpau | .779277 .8056088 0.97 0.333 -.7996873 2.358241lgdpdfrati~w | -.1682604 .3251389 -0.52 0.605 -.805521 .4690001 lpopau | 3.693779 2.793848 1.32 0.186 -1.782062 9.16962 lpop | -.468192 .1529891 -3.06 0.002 -.7680451 -.1683389 lxrate1 | -.1615075 .0278543 -5.80 0.000 -.216101 -.106914 lremote | -.2589406 .2142399 -1.21 0.227 -.6788431 .1609619 ldist | -1.182732 .8046352 -1.47 0.142 -2.759788 .3943242 lopen | -.0051048 .0792581 -0.06 0.949 -.1604477 .1502382 english | .024948 .3438861 0.07 0.942 -.6490563 .6989523 white | 27.89 2.681919 10.40 0.000 22.63353 33.14647 lwhitemg | -2.595433 .2594309 -10.00 0.000 -3.103908 -2.086958 _cons | -80.92502 27.59674 -2.93 0.003 -135.0136 -26.83639------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001492 lgdp | -.002388 .011251 lgdpau | -.000465 .001344 .649006lgdpdfrati~w | -.002876 .004488 -.017893 .105715 lpopau | -.006836 -.010329 -2.16956 .082386 7.80558 lpop | .002212 -.013866 -.005173 -.003941 .032225 .023406 lxrate1 | -.000024 .000683 .001077 .001221 -.011628 -.001183 .000776 lremote | .001864 .005251 -.019982 -.008551 .012249 -.003814 .000428 ldist | .008852 .012642 -.033174 -.014099 -.064489 .015317 .001633 lopen | .000289 -.000411 -.001862 .004918 -.005141 .000645 -.000224 english | -.001724 .00464 .005064 .00512 -.011636 -.003117 .001469 white | .020729 -.064655 .051013 -.034856 -.455029 .075595 .008869 lwhitemg | -.00186 .004485 -.006313 .002657 .05061 -.005378 -.000861 _cons | .039331 -.060869 19.5208 -.82244 -72.3694 -.569096 .143945

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .045899 ldist | .088414 .647438 lopen | .002302 .003639 .006282 english | .000435 .060136 -.000979 .118258 white | .036782 .111148 -.007821 .201971 7.19269

lwhitemg | -.002537 -.017522 .000965 -.022747 -.685087 .067304 _cons | -.984898 -5.59484 .077696 -.586853 4.97147 -.489599 761.58

. xtgls lrmsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 455.56Log likelihood = -562.245 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4640139 .0591363 7.85 0.000 .348109 .5799189 lgdp | .1584241 .0953925 1.66 0.097 -.0285418 .3453899 lgdpau | .8218423 .7019342 1.17 0.242 -.5539233 2.197608lgdpdfrati~w | -.4407455 .3063799 -1.44 0.150 -1.041239 .1597482 lpopau | -3.471359 2.425704 -1.43 0.152 -8.225652 1.282933 lpop | .3227955 .10386 3.11 0.002 .1192336 .5263574 lxrate1 | -.0708311 .0347545 -2.04 0.042 -.1389486 -.0027135 lremote | -.1690587 .2273552 -0.74 0.457 -.6146667 .2765493 ldist | -1.120633 .5735197 -1.95 0.051 -2.244711 .003445 lopen | .0828783 .0677599 1.22 0.221 -.0499286 .2156852 english | -.0109844 .2933744 -0.04 0.970 -.5859877 .5640188 white | 19.8144 2.162376 9.16 0.000 15.57622 24.05258 lwhitemg | -1.884923 .2030248 -9.28 0.000 -2.282844 -1.487002 _cons | 41.84428 23.04174 1.82 0.069 -3.316697 87.00526------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003497 lgdp | -.002826 .0091 lgdpau | -.002541 .006694 .492712lgdpdfrati~w | -.002668 .006019 -.003748 .093869 lpopau | .005941 -.03672 -1.64696 .027961 5.88404 lpop | .000766 -.005646 -.004231 -.003602 .012194 .010787 lxrate1 | .000322 .000466 -.00006 .000914 -.004422 -.000688 .001208 lremote | .000457 .003504 -.010098 -.01707 .001334 .000253 .001331 ldist | .011595 .000897 -.00628 -.010241 -.062727 .007818 .000231 lopen | -.000478 .001217 .001942 -.00032 -.021676 .001338 -.000035 english | -.003829 .004753 .005478 .003115 -.022375 .001336 -.0015 white | .021442 -.039923 -.008494 -.068256 .113408 .015919 .00025 lwhitemg | -.002628 .002433 -.000927 .004141 .00012 -.000563 -.000332 _cons | -.113811 .287909 14.478 -.279885 -53.272 -.211769 .056351

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .05169 ldist | .034187 .328925 lopen | .00247 .00343 .004591 english | .003646 .089737 .00032 .086069 white | .09667 .207753 -.008246 .163139 4.67587 lwhitemg | -.006743 -.030234 .000717 -.018327 -.429863 .041219 _cons | -.609708 -2.43838 .212579 -.782815 -3.96659 .341732 530.922

. xtgls lrmsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1504.74Log likelihood = -282.0279 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0040147 .0231249 0.17 0.862 -.0413093 .0493386 lgdp | .4531773 .0827901 5.47 0.000 .2909116 .6154429 lgdpau | -.3528505 .5253551 -0.67 0.502 -1.382528 .6768266lgdpdfrati~w | .1115347 .2295777 0.49 0.627 -.3384293 .5614987 lpopau | 1.531193 1.813499 0.84 0.398 -2.0232 5.085586 lpop | -.249919 .118573 -2.11 0.035 -.4823177 -.0175202 lxrate1 | -.047107 .0235941 -2.00 0.046 -.0933505 -.0008634 lremote | -.0040896 .1762139 -0.02 0.981 -.3494625 .3412832 ldist | -3.913589 .522656 -7.49 0.000 -4.937976 -2.889202 lopen | .016066 .0525106 0.31 0.760 -.0868529 .1189849 english | -.06034 .2934269 -0.21 0.837 -.6354462 .5147662 white | 15.90417 2.615947 6.08 0.000 10.77701 21.03133 lwhitemg | -1.157546 .2806963 -4.12 0.000 -1.707701 -.6073915 _cons | 16.3303 18.05706 0.90 0.366 -19.0609 51.72149------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1

-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000535 lgdp | -.000666 .006854 lgdpau | .000195 -.001646 .275998lgdpdfrati~w | -.000777 .002055 -.011208 .052706 lpopau | -.001662 -.000353 -.922771 .053833 3.28878 lpop | .000215 -.006398 -.000556 -.000868 -.001123 .01406 lxrate1 | -.000026 .000166 .001321 .001182 -.00687 -.000537 .000557 lremote | .000097 .002484 -.018098 -.003743 .052025 -.002566 -.000095 ldist | .002283 .003329 -.010633 -.001025 -.015934 .019405 -.000325 lopen | .000042 -.000104 -.002044 .000898 .0024 .000885 -.000052 english | -.001131 .00043 .001578 .001393 -.002061 .004679 .000586 white | .004184 -.038348 .044744 -.006433 -.29972 .064422 .002734 lwhitemg | -.000462 .001673 -.005746 .000021 .036844 -.005116 -.000076 _cons | .009848 -.054559 8.37602 -.644429 -30.6604 -.20609 .084343

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .031051 ldist | .014987 .273169 lopen | .000236 .001098 .002757 english | .000078 .058378 .000226 .086099 white | -.001275 .15907 -.002155 .106715 6.84318 lwhitemg | .002833 -.020195 .000274 -.010755 -.724024 .07879 _cons | -.815376 -2.60333 -.009829 -.660478 2.092 -.246834 326.058

.

.

.

. clear

. *Estimating the Australian Immigration Trade relationship;

. insheet using k:\book2.txt(54 vars, 11640 obs)

. drop if ccode ==. (10630 observations deleted)

.

. *Dropping Ethiopia

. drop if ccode==582330(10 observations deleted)

.

.

.

.

. **Regression of Imports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Imports

. xtgls lrimp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7889.00Log likelihood = -552.8856 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrimp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .325247 .0309291 10.52 0.000 .2646271 .3858668 lgdp | 1.218497 .0344427 35.38 0.000 1.15099 1.286003 lgdpau | .1191476 .6104388 0.20 0.845 -1.07729 1.315586lgdpdfrati~w | -.9185356 .2485934 -3.69 0.000 -1.40577 -.4313016 lpopau | -2.676043 2.105178 -1.27 0.204 -6.802117 1.45003 lpop | .0097817 .0420959 0.23 0.816 -.0727248 .0922881 lxrate1 | -.1243719 .0167259 -7.44 0.000 -.1571541 -.0915898 lremote | -.4518643 .0752937 -6.00 0.000 -.5994372 -.3042913 ldist | -2.074428 .1643836 -12.62 0.000 -2.396613 -1.752242 lopen | .2860481 .0577711 4.95 0.000 .1728189 .3992774 english | .9923779 .1310727 7.57 0.000 .7354802 1.249276 white | 4.543131 .5818118 7.81 0.000 3.402801 5.683461 lwhitemg | -.4233247 .0517176 -8.19 0.000 -.5246893 -.3219601 _cons | 43.00237 19.41413 2.22 0.027 4.95137 81.05337------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000957 lgdp | -.000335 .001186 lgdpau | -.000954 .001416 .372636lgdpdfrati~w | -.000816 .000146 -.009377 .061799 lpopau | .001867 -.008283 -1.25841 .048816 4.43178

lpop | -.000105 -.000842 .00002 .000124 .000103 .001772 lxrate1 | .000085 .000163 .000303 .000201 -.002455 -.000102 .00028 lremote | .000487 .00015 -.000214 -.001615 -.005041 -.000174 .000147 ldist | .001575 .000957 .000148 -.001194 -.014203 .000118 .001832 lopen | -.000129 .00058 .00256 .000777 -.017771 .000356 .000132 english | -.001244 .002966 .002511 .001935 -.008717 -.001704 .000556 white | .004864 -.002595 .003041 -.011035 -.026984 .005499 .000344 lwhitemg | -.000587 .000243 -.000265 .001037 .002879 -.000439 -.000049 _cons | -.02207 .075697 11.0825 -.603538 -40.2095 -.008596 .010203

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .005669 ldist | .005583 .027022 lopen | .001551 .000802 .003337 english | -.003039 .00331 -.001127 .01718 white | .000431 -.000487 .000192 -.003931 .338505 lwhitemg | .000034 -.000338 -.000106 .000558 -.02967 .002675 _cons | -.012972 -.112597 .189656 .02668 .305068 -.032401 376.909

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 76917.47Log likelihood = -959.3513 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0533841 .0142279 3.75 0.000 .0254979 .0812704 lgdp | 1.606155 .0514762 31.20 0.000 1.505263 1.707046 lgdpau | .8532073 .3653522 2.34 0.020 .1371302 1.569284lgdpdfrati~w | -.4312659 .1510775 -2.85 0.004 -.7273723 -.1351595 lpopau | -6.255552 1.23401 -5.07 0.000 -8.674166 -3.836937 lpop | -.3493207 .0850551 -4.11 0.000 -.5160256 -.1826157 lxrate1 | -.1195672 .0205559 -5.82 0.000 -.1598561 -.0792784 lremote | -.9695734 .0928442 -10.44 0.000 -1.151545 -.7876021 ldist | -3.269991 .1573474 -20.78 0.000 -3.578387 -2.961596 lopen | -.0507417 .0271161 -1.87 0.061 -.1038883 .0024049 english | .996276 .0852337 11.69 0.000 .8292211 1.163331 white | 4.824165 .7533838 6.40 0.000 3.347559 6.30077 lwhitemg | -.4789298 .071649 -6.68 0.000 -.6193592 -.3385004 _cons | 94.79899 11.57033 8.19 0.000 72.12155 117.4764------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000202 lgdp | -.000282 .00265 lgdpau | -.001289 .001829 .133482lgdpdfrati~w | -.000619 .000576 -.01227 .022824 lpopau | .005058 -.007635 -.441645 .025214 1.52278 lpop | .000184 -.004146 -.001481 .000436 .004587 .007234 lxrate1 | -.000029 .000311 -.000024 .000399 -.003238 -.000356 .000423 lremote | .000451 .000415 -.006516 -.003113 .022952 -.001401 .000103 ldist | .000644 -.001214 -.006398 -.001407 .016223 .001782 .000587

lopen | .000046 -.000101 -.000991 .000966 .003602 .000267 -.000072 english | -.000441 .000332 .003274 .002618 -.0208 .000185 .001134 white | .001262 -.012992 -.010455 -.004065 .043617 .019821 -.001282 lwhitemg | -.000101 .000716 .000455 .000228 -.002945 -.001012 .000165 _cons | -.056954 .091394 3.9423 -.09511 -13.97 -.061384 .044628

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .00862 ldist | .003963 .024758 lopen | .000601 .000218 .000735 english | -.002654 .002055 -.000399 .007265 white | .005496 -.025551 .001778 -.002921 .567587 lwhitemg | .00007 .003416 -.000135 .000484 -.052576 .005134 _cons | -.310421 -.38072 -.043717 .247073 -.261985 .002285 133.873

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7357.70Log likelihood = -926.6541 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1085794 .023671 4.59 0.000 .0621851 .1549738 lgdp | 1.708919 .0707432 24.16 0.000 1.570265 1.847573 lgdpau | .1380307 .5617018 0.25 0.806 -.9628845 1.238946lgdpdfrati~w | -.3724537 .2265692 -1.64 0.100 -.8165212 .0716138 lpopau | -2.69326 1.949847 -1.38 0.167 -6.51489 1.12837 lpop | -.615625 .0797845 -7.72 0.000 -.7719997 -.4592502 lxrate1 | -.1558288 .0276964 -5.63 0.000 -.2101128 -.1015447 lremote | -.3625468 .1295735 -2.80 0.005 -.6165062 -.1085874 ldist | -4.068975 .3442081 -11.82 0.000 -4.74361 -3.394339 lopen | .0714876 .0435638 1.64 0.101 -.0138958 .156871 english | 1.059016 .1441866 7.34 0.000 .7764158 1.341617 white | 9.829976 1.8909 5.20 0.000 6.12388 13.53607 lwhitemg | -.8233588 .1890345 -4.36 0.000 -1.19386 -.452858 _cons | 58.24562 18.43251 3.16 0.002 22.11856 94.37267------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00056 lgdp | -.000867 .005005 lgdpau | -.001837 .004448 .315509lgdpdfrati~w | -.000932 .002212 -.019934 .051334 lpopau | .004983 -.022442 -1.06335 .065905 3.8019 lpop | .000595 -.004099 -.002588 -.001304 .010917 .006366 lxrate1 | .000022 .000504 .000198 .001017 -.005901 -.000725 .000767 lremote | -.000056 -.000731 -.006732 -.001592 .019467 -.001139 .000164 ldist | .002519 .007614 -.009553 -.00244 -.020751 -.001543 .001522 lopen | .000109 -.00062 .000037 .001733 -.000457 .001083 -.000199 english | -.001056 .002945 .005633 .003474 -.033847 .001793 .001983 white | .001093 -.02944 .004303 .0009 .005486 .024025 .004341 lwhitemg | -.000105 .001476 -.001738 -.000536 .006305 -.001526 -.000451

_cons | -.049346 .143218 9.48315 -.61301 -34.9079 -.096817 .072507

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .016789 ldist | .007509 .118479 lopen | .000531 -.000675 .001898 english | -.00519 .004695 -.001453 .02079 white | .012249 -.14018 .002735 .01976 3.5755 lwhitemg | .000943 .010714 -.000152 -.002617 -.350072 .035734 _cons | -.331262 -.761963 .005046 .308945 1.26595 -.175274 339.757

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2224.93Log likelihood = -1081.959 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0932029 .0398361 2.34 0.019 .0151255 .1712802 lgdp | .9734548 .0799328 12.18 0.000 .8167895 1.13012 lgdpau | -.2855983 .7998073 -0.36 0.721 -1.853192 1.281995lgdpdfrati~w | -.3038908 .322812 -0.94 0.347 -.9365906 .3288091 lpopau | -.2254149 2.740954 -0.08 0.934 -5.597586 5.146756 lpop | .0227764 .0978107 0.23 0.816 -.168929 .2144817 lxrate1 | -.1193768 .0318559 -3.75 0.000 -.1818133 -.0569404 lremote | .5257672 .2335105 2.25 0.024 .068095 .9834394 ldist | -1.76683 .3327885 -5.31 0.000 -2.419083 -1.114576 lopen | .3426268 .0780139 4.39 0.000 .1897223 .4955313 english | 1.678322 .2431761 6.90 0.000 1.201705 2.154938 white | 2.655337 2.250093 1.18 0.238 -1.754763 7.065438 lwhitemg | .0814815 .195345 0.42 0.677 -.3013878 .4643507 _cons | 3.859424 26.10332 0.15 0.882 -47.30214 55.02099------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001587 lgdp | -.001518 .006389 lgdpau | -.001862 .001489 .639692lgdpdfrati~w | -.000223 .000805 -.009312 .104208 lpopau | .00353 -.00792 -2.14033 .037991 7.51283 lpop | .000331 -.005643 .000255 -.000431 -.003974 .009567 lxrate1 | .000091 .000818 .000342 .001553 -.005665 -.001057 .001015 lremote | .001288 .000973 -.025152 -.015743 .077838 .00012 -.000817 ldist | .003871 -.00612 -.018851 -.006731 .059382 .009208 -.000363 lopen | .000291 -.001116 .00501 .001801 -.026824 .002813 -.000192 english | -.00348 .000739 .00826 .004553 -.010238 -.000246 .001321 white | .003144 -.024539 .076751 -.002007 -.309576 .02175 .000227 lwhitemg | -.00044 .000959 -.008134 -.001007 .033769 -.000365 -.000141 _cons | -.035376 .092857 19.1054 -.305035 -69.58 -.051367 .08817

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------

lremote | .054527

ldist | .022228 .110748 lopen | .002051 -.000399 .006086 english | -.013686 .014581 -.001913 .059135 white | .037533 -.042421 .006884 .040536 5.06292 lwhitemg | -.000717 .008005 -.000396 -.00279 -.428858 .03816 _cons | -1.32904 -1.76849 .282109 -.08695 3.38461 -.430148 681.383

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 60170.14Log likelihood = -889.3646 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0246643 .0137686 1.79 0.073 -.0023217 .0516503 lgdp | 1.564845 .0547382 28.59 0.000 1.45756 1.67213 lgdpau | .6803497 .3688945 1.84 0.065 -.0426702 1.40337lgdpdfrati~w | -.2445344 .1379698 -1.77 0.076 -.5149502 .0258815 lpopau | -6.625716 1.248101 -5.31 0.000 -9.07195 -4.179482 lpop | -.1888083 .093421 -2.02 0.043 -.3719102 -.0057065 lxrate1 | -.0429022 .0184362 -2.33 0.020 -.0790365 -.0067679 lremote | -.6056069 .1462774 -4.14 0.000 -.8923054 -.3189084 ldist | -2.490204 .1651795 -15.08 0.000 -2.81395 -2.166458 lopen | -.0402818 .0280201 -1.44 0.151 -.0952002 .0146366 english | 1.182097 .109147 10.83 0.000 .9681728 1.396021 white | 3.636504 .8414436 4.32 0.000 1.987305 5.285703 lwhitemg | -.2705298 .0759566 -3.56 0.000 -.4194021 -.1216575 _cons | 92.8319 11.79504 7.87 0.000 69.71404 115.9497------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00019 lgdp | -.000212 .002996 lgdpau | -.00085 .002148 .136083lgdpdfrati~w | -.000353 .000877 -.00746 .019036 lpopau | .002978 -.007599 -.45153 .012358 1.55776 lpop | .000137 -.004836 -.002014 -.000313 .004961 .008727 lxrate1 | 4.6e-06 .000244 -.000031 .000436 -.002512 -.000298 .00034 lremote | .00004 -.001057 -.013709 -.003978 .049182 .000449 -.000182 ldist | .000863 -.005654 -.004519 .000678 .005325 .009886 .000574 lopen | .000018 -.000109 -.000958 .000961 .00338 .000307 -.000066 english | -.000317 -.000185 .003525 .002456 -.01806 .000063 .00092 white | .000527 -.016115 -.018987 -.003191 .040308 .027908 .001857 lwhitemg | -.000081 .000692 .000267 -.000143 .001412 -.001364 -.000214 _cons | -.033587 .141288 4.07807 -.013471 -14.4057 -.155746 .036091

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .021397 ldist | -.001711 .027284 lopen | .001109 .000325 .000785 english | -.004217 .005857 -.000462 .011913 white | .021399 .029284 .001207 .004749 .708027

lwhitemg | .000368 -.001537 -3.1e-06 -.000285 -.060866 .005769 _cons | -.606715 -.252723 -.046744 .184483 -.721028 -.012011 139.123

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8048.28Log likelihood = -957.1124 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2172572 .0311296 6.98 0.000 .1562444 .2782701 lgdp | 1.620023 .072113 22.47 0.000 1.478684 1.761362 lgdpau | -.0742534 .6030562 -0.12 0.902 -1.256222 1.107715lgdpdfrati~w | -.1581429 .2586569 -0.61 0.541 -.6651012 .3488154 lpopau | -1.555495 2.108735 -0.74 0.461 -5.688539 2.577549 lpop | -.5607937 .0802816 -6.99 0.000 -.7181428 -.4034447 lxrate1 | -.1340678 .0280722 -4.78 0.000 -.1890884 -.0790473 lremote | -.3036438 .1214521 -2.50 0.012 -.5416856 -.065602 ldist | -3.060384 .3355295 -9.12 0.000 -3.71801 -2.402758 lopen | .1093901 .0492058 2.22 0.026 .0129484 .2058317 english | .8468438 .1344582 6.30 0.000 .5833107 1.110377 white | 9.916238 1.863568 5.32 0.000 6.263712 13.56876 lwhitemg | -.8669681 .1861379 -4.66 0.000 -1.231792 -.5021444 _cons | 35.15058 20.03218 1.75 0.079 -4.111773 74.41293------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000969 lgdp | -.001444 .0052 lgdpau | -.001707 .003371 .363677lgdpdfrati~w | -.001239 .002862 -.023833 .066903 lpopau | .004548 -.018112 -1.23339 .09032 4.44676 lpop | .000883 -.004319 -.001512 -.001866 .007811 .006445 lxrate1 | .000078 .000364 -.000095 .001179 -.005142 -.000646 .000788 lremote | 5.4e-06 -.000585 -.004002 -.000773 .006872 -.000957 .000177 ldist | .004401 .001889 -.010588 -.002796 -.01546 .001015 .001537 lopen | .000135 -.000746 .001432 .001622 -.007526 .001435 -.000256 english | -.001541 .003549 .00261 .004438 -.018566 -.000015 .001917 white | .000714 -.026464 .012598 .001095 -.000977 .019461 .004222 lwhitemg | -.000027 .001486 -.00206 -.000557 .004283 -.001236 -.000407 _cons | -.057579 .154009 11.0399 -.941806 -41.1717 -.095575 .068734

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .014751 ldist | .008538 .11258 lopen | .000356 -.001053 .002421 english | -.004288 -.000292 -.001568 .018079 white | .011736 -.151338 .003763 .012685 3.47289 lwhitemg | .000715 .013521 -.000261 -.001826 -.340746 .034647 _cons | -.192975 -.697033 .088902 .191804 1.27932 -.16361 401.288

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 9001.17Log likelihood = -1095.073 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0252944 .017303 1.46 0.144 -.0086189 .0592077 lgdp | 1.386269 .0516451 26.84 0.000 1.285047 1.487492 lgdpau | .3106011 .5631859 0.55 0.581 -.7932231 1.414425lgdpdfrati~w | -.0221956 .1907302 -0.12 0.907 -.3960199 .3516288 lpopau | -4.125183 1.913758 -2.16 0.031 -7.876079 -.3742876 lpop | .0497566 .0750927 0.66 0.508 -.0974223 .1969356 lxrate1 | -.0806815 .0219603 -3.67 0.000 -.1237229 -.0376402 lremote | -1.011779 .1639866 -6.17 0.000 -1.333187 -.6903714

ldist | -3.330799 .2019054 -16.50 0.000 -3.726527 -2.935072 lopen | .1226658 .0480463 2.55 0.011 .0284968 .2168348 english | 2.377484 .1535275 15.49 0.000 2.076575 2.678392 white | 3.789579 1.143017 3.32 0.001 1.549307 6.02985 lwhitemg | -.2118327 .0958933 -2.21 0.027 -.3997801 -.0238852 _cons | 71.8221 18.18065 3.95 0.000 36.18869 107.4555------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000299 lgdp | -.000481 .002667 lgdpau | -.000403 .000358 .317178lgdpdfrati~w | -.000652 .000807 .001183 .036378 lpopau | -.000312 .001089 -1.05239 -.001303 3.66247 lpop | .000217 -.002979 -.000271 -.000011 -.003447 .005639 lxrate1 | -.00003 .000267 .000476 .000865 -.002916 -.000487 .000482 lremote | .00028 .000724 -.017248 -.003116 .054424 -.001245 -.000375 ldist | .000664 .000308 -.012186 -.002618 .031237 -.000816 .000119 lopen | .000095 -.000424 -.000411 .002041 .001265 .000878 -.000145 english | -.000919 .00085 .003561 .002478 -.011076 .000684 .001166 white | .000379 -.01321 -.001455 -.001878 .00346 .022673 -.000489 lwhitemg | -4.1e-06 .000664 -.000921 .000207 .0023 -.001378 .00011 _cons | .014183 -.04874 9.39861 -.012137 -33.8936 .060718 .036633

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .026892 ldist | .018344 .040766 lopen | .001123 .000154 .002308 english | -.004167 .003722 -.0017 .023571 white | .004739 -.015289 .00097 .033638 1.30649 lwhitemg | .001106 .003643 7.4e-06 -.002944 -.106149 .009196 _cons | -.854067 -.745559 -.026081 .051822 .009553 -.051506 330.536

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrmnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 583.07Log likelihood = -576.874 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3517337 .0392968 8.95 0.000 .2747133 .428754 lgdp | .1195248 .0531551 2.25 0.025 .0153426 .2237069 lgdpau | .4146383 .3466079 1.20 0.232 -.2647007 1.093977lgdpdfrati~w | -.5385257 .1300715 -4.14 0.000 -.7934612 -.2835902 lpopau | -3.023788 1.277377 -2.37 0.018 -5.5274 -.520175 lpop | .4936691 .0818095 6.03 0.000 .3333255 .6540127 lxrate1 | -.1170918 .0224037 -5.23 0.000 -.1610021 -.0731814 lremote | .1962768 .1492009 1.32 0.188 -.0961516 .4887051 ldist | -1.205659 .3807587 -3.17 0.002 -1.951932 -.4593854 lopen | .1146549 .0193231 5.93 0.000 .0767823 .1525274 english | .7559023 .2080489 3.63 0.000 .3481339 1.163671 white | 10.64614 .6921538 15.38 0.000 9.289543 12.00274 lwhitemg | -1.014121 .0695201 -14.59 0.000 -1.150378 -.8778642 _cons | 43.77583 13.20144 3.32 0.001 17.90149 69.65018------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001544 lgdp | -.000387 .002825 lgdpau | .002943 -.003127 .120137lgdpdfrati~w | -.001153 -.000563 -.003654 .016919 lpopau | -.018472 .019142 -.421323 .010821 1.63169 lpop | -.000675 -.002311 -.000299 .000866 -.007972 .006693 lxrate1 | .00007 .000143 .001309 .000757 -.007165 -.000378 .000502 lremote | .002091 .002073 -.01163 -.005141 .032477 -.002866 -.000183 ldist | .003591 -.00404 -.001181 -.0007 -.060551 .012209 .000939 lopen | .000354 -.00039 -.000032 -.0007 -.002925 .000226 -.000163 english | -.001922 .000764 -.002023 .003271 .001629 .004871 .00102 white | .006143 -.002852 .021432 .000043 -.147699 .009443 .003491 lwhitemg | -.000704 -.00019 -.002749 .000121 .015359 -.000379 -.000359 _cons | .18761 -.243419 4.00772 -.04497 -15.9136 .000947 .07666

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .022261 ldist | .016126 .144977 lopen | .000376 .000944 .000373 english | -.002342 .010314 -.000908 .043284 white | .006436 -.0277 .000422 .047569 .479077 lwhitemg | -.000012 .004915 -.000015 -.002346 -.045505 .004833 _cons | -.592191 -.613348 .0421 -.167338 1.92474 -.211643 174.278

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrmmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3338.70Log likelihood = -597.6718 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1115834 .0271829 4.10 0.000 .058306 .1648608 lgdp | .2163245 .0475874 4.55 0.000 .1230549 .309594 lgdpau | -.0848432 .0512885 -1.65 0.098 -.1853669 .0156805lgdpdfrati~w | -.1070541 .0344024 -3.11 0.002 -.1744815 -.0396268 lpopau | 2.373852 .214647 11.06 0.000 1.953152 2.794553 lpop | .7986543 .1028702 7.76 0.000 .5970324 1.000276 lxrate1 | -.0093508 .006497 -1.44 0.150 -.0220847 .0033831 lremote | .1264688 .0270069 4.68 0.000 .0735362 .1794014 ldist | -3.079818 .3468788 -8.88 0.000 -3.759688 -2.399948 lopen | -.0040519 .0244614 -0.17 0.868 -.0519955 .0438916 english | 1.235321 .2821569 4.38 0.000 .6823041 1.788339 white | 23.90517 2.989827 8.00 0.000 18.04521 29.76512 lwhitemg | -2.208437 .2755641 -8.01 0.000 -2.748533 -1.668342 _cons | -21.26779 4.80217 -4.43 0.000 -30.67987 -11.85571------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000739 lgdp | -.000366 .002265 lgdpau | -.000532 -.000437 .002631lgdpdfrati~w | .000235 -.000919 .00055 .001184 lpopau | .003588 .000125 -.009191 .000199 .046073 lpop | -.000266 -.002123 .001262 .000576 -.003863 .010582 lxrate1 | 7.9e-06 .000052 -.000035 .000017 .000427 -.000178 .000042 lremote | -.000229 .00094 -.000443 -.000711 -5.5e-06 -.000698 .000022 ldist | .002607 -.000444 -.002146 .000195 .017466 -.000995 -.000058 lopen | -.000276 -.000181 .000229 -.000255 -.002936 .000938 -.000106 english | -.000468 -.000053 .00039 .00013 -.00452 -.000805 .000035 white | .002247 -.005416 .001205 .001984 -.001561 .029492 -.000456 lwhitemg | -.000414 .000168 .000108 -.000075 -.001618 -.003195 .000045 _cons | -.060666 -.010312 .100757 -.00428 -.651894 -.070485 -.004459

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .000729 ldist | -.000164 .120325 lopen | .000118 -.000661 .000598 english | -.000128 .05471 -.000028 .079613 white | -.002292 .023049 .001315 .040675 8.93906 lwhitemg | .000101 -.00449 -.000036 -.003216 -.811735 .075936 _cons | -.001406 -1.37513 .040032 -.458077 -.584481 .116116 23.0608

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrmsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 499.48

Log likelihood = -547.3327 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5135119 .0494204 10.39 0.000 .4166498 .6103741 lgdp | .0787143 .0887998 0.89 0.375 -.09533 .2527587 lgdpau | 1.874225 .7740192 2.42 0.015 .3571752 3.391275lgdpdfrati~w | -.5118938 .2735482 -1.87 0.061 -1.048039 .0242509 lpopau | -9.168866 2.659755 -3.45 0.001 -14.38189 -3.955842 lpop | .2492683 .1157573 2.15 0.031 .0223882 .4761484 lxrate1 | -.0922446 .0267342 -3.45 0.001 -.1446427 -.0398464 lremote | .0341274 .2546968 0.13 0.893 -.4650693 .533324 ldist | -1.579618 .3254964 -4.85 0.000 -2.21758 -.9416572 lopen | .0566498 .0528791 1.07 0.284 -.0469914 .160291 english | .0835233 .2448191 0.34 0.733 -.3963133 .56336 white | 9.23802 1.087825 8.49 0.000 7.105922 11.37012 lwhitemg | -.8451521 .0963566 -8.77 0.000 -1.034008 -.6562966 _cons | 114.7925 25.25493 4.55 0.000 65.29376 164.2913------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002442 lgdp | -.001493 .007885 lgdpau | .000441 .000065 .599106lgdpdfrati~w | -.00133 .002535 -.016648 .074829 lpopau | -.005755 -.010471 -1.99945 .060274 7.0743 lpop | -.000167 -.007029 -.00119 -.001807 .006952 .0134 lxrate1 | .000118 .000213 .00045 .001136 -.005118 -.000851 .000715 lremote | .001676 .005585 -.022569 -.010735 .060221 -.005214 .000667 ldist | .004937 .001923 -.009804 -.0028 -.010298 .002529 .000915 lopen | -.000307 .001031 .000145 -.000278 -.009127 .000213 .000037 english | -.00231 .005704 .005067 .006909 -.032118 -.005573 .001784 white | .012692 -.028093 .013396 -.005045 -.068519 .035135 .005216 lwhitemg | -.001278 .001368 -.002736 -.000362 .014024 -.001973 -.000455 _cons | .042929 .043143 17.7672 -.546042 -65.2229 -.109503 .062573

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .06487 ldist | .03155 .105948 lopen | .001288 .002 .002796 english | -.007467 .02154 .00059 .059936 white | .014785 -.002897 -.002327 .017163 1.18336 lwhitemg | .000868 .000564 .000099 -.001084 -.100324 .009285 _cons | -1.31558 -.971498 .09448 .197182 .618233 -.160011 637.811

. xtgls lrmsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1460.69Log likelihood = -353.7206 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0353677 .0180401 1.96 0.050 9.77e-06 .0707257 lgdp | .2223995 .055585 4.00 0.000 .1134548 .3313441

lgdpau | -.2361245 .3208074 -0.74 0.462 -.8648955 .3926466lgdpdfrati~w | -.4123972 .2088084 -1.98 0.048 -.8216541 -.0031403 lpopau | 2.496347 1.141828 2.19 0.029 .2584047 4.734289 lpop | .0409608 .071327 0.57 0.566 -.0988376 .1807591 lxrate1 | -.078288 .0182445 -4.29 0.000 -.1140466 -.0425293 lremote | -.1811708 .1114274 -1.63 0.104 -.3995646 .037223 ldist | -1.439559 .1922231 -7.49 0.000 -1.816309 -1.062809 lopen | .0113357 .0270229 0.42 0.675 -.0416281 .0642995 english | 1.947913 .2123599 9.17 0.000 1.531695 2.364131 white | 9.598159 1.767771 5.43 0.000 6.133391 13.06293 lwhitemg | -.7212441 .1816529 -3.97 0.000 -1.077277 -.3652109 _cons | -24.08557 11.52434 -2.09 0.037 -46.67286 -1.498286------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000325 lgdp | -.00034 .00309 lgdpau | .000306 -.001569 .102917lgdpdfrati~w | -.000452 -.000423 -.001577 .043601 lpopau | -.001351 .007163 -.352488 .026997 1.30377 lpop | .000127 -.003103 .000986 .000856 -.007834 .005088 lxrate1 | -.000011 .00019 .001226 .000684 -.005826 -.000203 .000333 lremote | .000216 .001015 -.007336 -.003664 .02646 -.000577 -.000415 ldist | .000784 .000761 -.001403 -.001295 -.000987 .002096 -.000316 lopen | .000031 -.000284 -.000238 .001136 -.000831 .00037 -5.0e-06 english | -.0004 -.002573 .004116 .003468 -.013643 .004145 .000266 white | .001707 -.02351 .013995 .001443 -.076093 .025725 .000688 lwhitemg | -.000172 .001398 -.001191 .000104 .005876 -.001706 -.000065 _cons | .009519 -.111423 3.23887 -.414082 -12.6444 .07824 .068279

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .012416 ldist | .000399 .03695 lopen | -.000113 -.000044 .00073 english | -.004754 .01069 .000011 .045097 white | .010518 -.030696 .001589 .07051 3.12502 lwhitemg | -.000519 .001829 -.000087 -.006706 -.31675 .032998 _cons | -.366948 -.352575 .021213 .043363 1.19177 -.082069 132.81

. xtgls lrmsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1137.21Log likelihood = -854.3093 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1332275 .0636118 2.09 0.036 .0085506 .2579043 lgdp | .5705903 .1072496 5.32 0.000 .360385 .7807957 lgdpau | -2.203002 1.101745 -2.00 0.046 -4.362383 -.0436217lgdpdfrati~w | -1.057092 .4366893 -2.42 0.015 -1.912987 -.2011969 lpopau | 4.464434 3.775899 1.18 0.237 -2.936193 11.86506 lpop | .1579256 .1238438 1.28 0.202 -.0848038 .4006549 lxrate1 | -.1416692 .0389511 -3.64 0.000 -.218012 -.0653264 lremote | 1.726168 .2692628 6.41 0.000 1.198423 2.253914

ldist | -1.665716 .497395 -3.35 0.001 -2.640593 -.6908402 lopen | -.015303 .0791179 -0.19 0.847 -.1703713 .1397652 english | .3648247 .2550174 1.43 0.153 -.1350003 .8646496 white | 10.70462 1.455773 7.35 0.000 7.851355 13.55788 lwhitemg | -.827292 .1402638 -5.90 0.000 -1.102204 -.5523801 _cons | -26.95485 35.48261 -0.76 0.447 -96.4995 42.58979------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004046 lgdp | -.004249 .011502 lgdpau | -.002056 .005316 1.21384lgdpdfrati~w | -.001664 .004226 -.000655 .190698 lpopau | .002875 -.024796 -4.05679 .047032 14.2574 lpop | .001648 -.010002 -.002696 -.002597 .010602 .015337 lxrate1 | .000104 .001479 .000791 .00156 -.009057 -.001402 .001517 lremote | .001696 -.002714 -.031681 -.019386 .080538 .002976 .000652 ldist | .012292 -.010452 -.010795 -.010059 -.008124 .016501 -.002123 lopen | .000383 -.00091 .006165 .001165 -.033611 .002252 -.000379 english | -.005349 .010301 .007063 .001427 -.025903 -.009012 -.000643 white | .026956 -.050873 -.040172 -.035741 .06202 .049361 .004507 lwhitemg | -.002986 .003096 .000158 .000988 .009848 -.002536 -.000744 _cons | -.075335 .306303 35.7701 -.742166 -130.463 -.303829 .125942

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .072502 ldist | .023392 .247402 lopen | .003183 .004552 .00626 english | -.004297 .0259 -.000804 .065034 white | .11416 .139965 .002617 .027918 2.11928 lwhitemg | -.004706 -.017838 -.00011 -.004917 -.194563 .019674 _cons | -1.34344 -2.21703 .31361 -.040197 -2.09424 .03284 1259.02

. xtgls lrmsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 544.20Log likelihood = -141.2099 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0265725 .0308233 0.86 0.389 -.03384 .086985 lgdp | .1915397 .0656812 2.92 0.004 .0628069 .3202725 lgdpau | .4062891 .4442034 0.91 0.360 -.4643335 1.276912lgdpdfrati~w | .3819932 .2011328 1.90 0.058 -.0122198 .7762063 lpopau | 2.562528 1.574063 1.63 0.104 -.5225776 5.647634 lpop | .2539432 .0892647 2.84 0.004 .0789877 .4288988 lxrate1 | -.0284121 .0179377 -1.58 0.113 -.0635693 .006745 lremote | -.0154171 .1378023 -0.11 0.911 -.2855046 .2546704 ldist | -2.20625 .4318502 -5.11 0.000 -3.052661 -1.359839 lopen | .061355 .0413252 1.48 0.138 -.019641 .142351 english | .9113761 .1922552 4.74 0.000 .5345628 1.288189 white | 15.86446 1.234224 12.85 0.000 13.44543 18.2835 lwhitemg | -1.347311 .1146368 -11.75 0.000 -1.571995 -1.122627 _cons | -40.28448 16.18443 -2.49 0.013 -72.00538 -8.563575------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00095 lgdp | -.000813 .004314 lgdpau | -.000647 -.000187 .197317lgdpdfrati~w | -.000835 .000893 -.000551 .040454 lpopau | .002094 -.000146 -.662979 .019019 2.47767 lpop | 9.3e-06 -.003528 .000625 .000647 -.003323 .007968 lxrate1 | .000043 .000175 .000243 .000661 -.003363 -.000217 .000322 lremote | .00094 .002458 -.008817 -.004169 .025164 -.002153 .000123 ldist | .002563 -.003558 -.011184 -.008832 -.000017 .008591 .000246 lopen | -.000014 -.000091 .000259 .000292 -.005382 .000639 -.000059 english | -.001523 -.000427 .003702 .003122 -.019173 .00455 .00022 white | .004769 -.019741 .033641 -.004053 -.308505 .029837 .003918 lwhitemg | -.000538 .001114 -.003461 .000226 .030741 -.002274 -.000427 _cons | -.03651 -.018464 6.00144 -.25072 -23.8895 -.070819 .043578

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .018989 ldist | .018861 .186495 lopen | .000051 .000362 .001708 english | -.005224 .005736 .000071 .036962 white | -.005983 -.024407 -.000448 .049361 1.52331 lwhitemg | .000725 .003262 .000073 -.004232 -.138228 .013142 _cons | -.551883 -1.71749 .071774 .144245 4.44533 -.441123 261.936

. xtgls lrmsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 258.77Log likelihood = 141.4926 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | -.0013399 .0200041 -0.07 0.947 -.0405472 .0378673 lgdp | .2886134 .0533042 5.41 0.000 .1841391 .3930877 lgdpau | -.3174842 .3720671 -0.85 0.393 -1.046722 .4117539lgdpdfrati~w | -.0851963 .151353 -0.56 0.574 -.3818427 .2114501 lpopau | 4.481579 1.353592 3.31 0.001 1.828588 7.13457 lpop | -.0795927 .0643355 -1.24 0.216 -.2056879 .0465026 lxrate1 | -.1029761 .0158623 -6.49 0.000 -.1340656 -.0718866 lremote | .3737817 .1344284 2.78 0.005 .1103068 .6372565 ldist | -1.332581 .2839327 -4.69 0.000 -1.889079 -.7760834 lopen | .0335383 .0308379 1.09 0.277 -.026903 .0939795 english | .2345381 .1710915 1.37 0.170 -.1007952 .5698713 white | 9.264142 2.044827 4.53 0.000 5.256355 13.27193 lwhitemg | -.7819747 .1950205 -4.01 0.000 -1.164208 -.3997415 _cons | -60.85537 14.30642 -4.25 0.000 -88.89543 -32.81532------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0004 lgdp | -.0004 .002841

lgdpau | .000222 -.000602 .138434lgdpdfrati~w | -.000507 .000563 -.006854 .022908 lpopau | -.002367 .003198 -.474891 .031043 1.83221 lpop | .000037 -.002463 -.000191 -.000092 .001174 .004139 lxrate1 | -8.1e-07 .000023 .00051 .000509 -.004784 -.000148 .000252 lremote | .000359 .001939 -.008293 -.001291 .028665 -.001703 -.00006 ldist | .001847 -.001943 -.002721 -.001496 .004623 .004646 .00004 lopen | -.000018 .00005 .000085 .000176 -.001779 .000188 -.000031 english | -.000436 -.002103 .000051 .000963 .021438 .005022 .000211 white | .002755 -.016323 .018044 -.005637 -.146652 .016836 .001942 lwhitemg | -.000313 .00104 -.002178 .000528 .015025 -.00132 -.000143 _cons | .01982 -.058358 4.36467 -.344359 -18.3278 -.054217 .06631

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .018071 ldist | .007774 .080618 lopen | .000125 -.0005 .000951 english | -.001636 .015876 -.000333 .029272 white | -.000875 .014454 -.001039 .037443 4.18132 lwhitemg | .000757 -.002346 .000118 -.003449 -.392248 .038033 _cons | -.505993 -.883627 .027505 -.532154 1.90343 -.17681 204.674

. xtgls lrmsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 561.56Log likelihood = -676.0109 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1514758 .0515045 2.94 0.003 .0505289 .2524227 lgdp | .877143 .103606 8.47 0.000 .674079 1.080207 lgdpau | -.5324999 .6664352 -0.80 0.424 -1.838689 .7736891lgdpdfrati~w | -.2387055 .2758511 -0.87 0.387 -.7793638 .3019528 lpopau | 3.083694 2.294999 1.34 0.179 -1.414421 7.58181 lpop | -.4109809 .1467186 -2.80 0.005 -.6985441 -.1234178 lxrate1 | -.120279 .0306911 -3.92 0.000 -.1804325 -.0601256 lremote | .1637059 .2297778 0.71 0.476 -.2866502 .6140621 ldist | -2.914582 .6457209 -4.51 0.000 -4.180172 -1.648993 lopen | .0367105 .0672121 0.55 0.585 -.0950229 .1684439 english | -.2412433 .4185917 -0.58 0.564 -1.061668 .5791814 white | 20.89871 4.097216 5.10 0.000 12.86831 28.9291 lwhitemg | -1.895779 .3762322 -5.04 0.000 -2.633181 -1.158378 _cons | -21.44393 22.54603 -0.95 0.342 -65.63335 22.74548------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002653 lgdp | -.00232 .010734 lgdpau | .001181 -.001347 .444136lgdpdfrati~w | -.00177 .003258 -.01013 .076094 lpopau | -.00785 .000285 -1.47821 .058089 5.26702 lpop | .000073 -.008091 -.00151 -.001454 -.006828 .021526 lxrate1 | .000128 .000456 .002103 .001218 -.010581 -.000742 .000942 lremote | .000897 .004437 -.020614 -.011649 .042708 -.00311 .000326

ldist | .009493 .013039 -.004975 -.001701 -.043857 .000888 .000281 lopen | .000415 -.001056 -.000965 .000394 -.010606 .001976 -.000155 english | -.006296 .001331 .002459 .006227 -.01475 .016889 .000684 white | .006233 -.037429 .11669 .016685 -.342284 .075923 .004566 lwhitemg | -.001113 .001677 -.012304 -.002758 .038963 -.005796 -.000523 _cons | .041904 -.239355 13.1467 -.704853 -48.4526 .013939 .110672

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .052798 ldist | .026342 .416956 lopen | .000657 .003218 .004517 english | -.006418 .111988 -.001622 .175219 white | .020148 .206856 .005006 .280928 16.7872 lwhitemg | .000444 -.033772 -.000312 -.029683 -1.51508 .141551 _cons | -.924545 -3.71691 .15905 -1.14499 -.042694 .065676 508.324

. xtgls lrmsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1057.32Log likelihood = -568.2627 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1482227 .0442336 3.35 0.001 .0615265 .2349189 lgdp | .7209615 .1024267 7.04 0.000 .5202087 .9217142 lgdpau | .7699019 .6387927 1.21 0.228 -.4821088 2.021912lgdpdfrati~w | -.0006425 .2767619 -0.00 0.998 -.543086 .5418009 lpopau | -3.51435 2.210276 -1.59 0.112 -7.846411 .8177102 lpop | .3962875 .1352987 2.93 0.003 .131107 .661468 lxrate1 | -.0666431 .0290128 -2.30 0.022 -.1235071 -.0097792 lremote | -.1725147 .2300371 -0.75 0.453 -.6233791 .2783497 ldist | -2.601807 .4235934 -6.14 0.000 -3.432034 -1.771579 lopen | -.0506456 .0679863 -0.74 0.456 -.1838964 .0826052 english | 1.477193 .3265898 4.52 0.000 .8370888 2.117297 white | 23.52423 3.181678 7.39 0.000 17.28825 29.7602 lwhitemg | -2.234137 .2825718 -7.91 0.000 -2.787967 -1.680306 _cons | 44.81966 21.26746 2.11 0.035 3.136208 86.50311------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001957 lgdp | -.001831 .010491 lgdpau | -.002132 .005268 .408056lgdpdfrati~w | -.001728 .003079 -.014253 .076597 lpopau | .006537 -.035095 -1.36506 .047869 4.88532 lpop | .000503 -.00945 -.003951 -.002624 .018118 .018306 lxrate1 | .000053 .00065 .000613 .00132 -.006357 -.000904 .000842 lremote | .00029 .004235 -.016169 -.016782 .036229 -.003862 .00046 ldist | .006559 -.002802 -.008232 -.001465 .00241 .014694 -.000387 lopen | .000212 -.000081 .000101 .002362 -.0097 .001324 -.000044 english | -.003177 .001525 .006781 .005714 -.026116 -.0008 .000357 white | .006598 -.040215 .021121 -.013525 -.028747 .067707 .00251 lwhitemg | -.000921 .00161 -.003563 -.000325 .012298 -.004932 -.000253 _cons | -.091935 .352389 12.1248 -.35714 -45.1451 -.37669 .084548

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .052917 ldist | .001282 .179431 lopen | .001188 .001048 .004622 english | -.010813 .048137 -.001305 .106661 white | .016621 .050406 .005352 .025278 10.1231 lwhitemg | .001276 -.00893 -.000566 -.000899 -.882947 .079847 _cons | -.670177 -1.75094 .118317 -.146287 -.920429 .010939 452.305

. xtgls lrmsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1511.17Log likelihood = -761.2072 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | -.0003264 .0304021 -0.01 0.991 -.0599134 .0592605 lgdp | 1.254514 .0948322 13.23 0.000 1.068647 1.440382 lgdpau | 1.021755 .6941909 1.47 0.141 -.3388342 2.382344lgdpdfrati~w | .0100395 .2590927 0.04 0.969 -.4977729 .5178518 lpopau | 2.293793 2.429045 0.94 0.345 -2.467048 7.054634 lpop | -.5622872 .1456169 -3.86 0.000 -.8476911 -.2768832 lxrate1 | -.1099039 .0232016 -4.74 0.000 -.1553781 -.0644296 lremote | -.4757157 .1919045 -2.48 0.013 -.8518415 -.0995898 ldist | -2.022655 .6744842 -3.00 0.003 -3.344619 -.7006901 lopen | -.0291499 .0694664 -0.42 0.675 -.1653016 .1070017 english | .5540535 .3321675 1.67 0.095 -.0969829 1.20509 white | 28.39128 2.642709 10.74 0.000 23.21167 33.5709 lwhitemg | -2.686778 .2559942 -10.50 0.000 -3.188518 -2.185039 _cons | -58.17213 24.16361 -2.41 0.016 -105.5319 -10.81232------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000924 lgdp | -.001614 .008993 lgdpau | .000416 -.000335 .481901lgdpdfrati~w | -.001606 .003688 -.01306 .067129 lpopau | -.006184 -.010497 -1.61214 .042327 5.90026 lpop | .001018 -.009693 -.001695 -.001576 .013551 .021204 lxrate1 | .000032 .000377 .000801 .000886 -.009453 -.000585 .000538 lremote | .001049 .004074 -.019203 -.002528 .029104 -.005125 .000121 ldist | .004933 .015851 -.017884 .001836 -.062178 -.002529 .00127 lopen | .000198 -.000423 -.001321 .00537 -.004801 .001357 -.000271 english | -.001154 .003574 .001714 .003366 -.017431 .002523 .001156 white | .011986 -.047411 .035353 -.019571 -.36678 .074947 .007612 lwhitemg | -.001047 .002891 -.004862 .001286 .043824 -.005768 -.000768 _cons | .053141 -.051341 14.4806 -.474226 -55.2213 -.228648 .119923

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .036827 ldist | .05636 .454929 lopen | .001316 .002688 .004826 english | .001581 .074247 -.001364 .110335 white | .02622 .070605 -.00537 .208177 6.98391

lwhitemg | -.001429 -.014656 .000672 -.023334 -.665668 .065533 _cons | -.852741 -3.69158 .063347 -.612744 4.04876 -.412723 583.88

. xtgls lrmsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 496.20Log likelihood = -581.4784 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3316764 .0569711 5.82 0.000 .2200151 .4433376 lgdp | .3836378 .1001495 3.83 0.000 .1873484 .5799272 lgdpau | 1.160634 .7289169 1.59 0.111 -.2680173 2.589284lgdpdfrati~w | -.4469776 .3087336 -1.45 0.148 -1.052084 .1581292 lpopau | -4.831008 2.517428 -1.92 0.055 -9.765076 .10306 lpop | .2009557 .1071641 1.88 0.061 -.009082 .4109934 lxrate1 | -.0629149 .0342874 -1.83 0.067 -.1301171 .0042873 lremote | .0287035 .2290536 0.13 0.900 -.4202334 .4776404 ldist | -1.51713 .5788908 -2.62 0.009 -2.651736 -.3825252 lopen | .12603 .0711915 1.77 0.077 -.0135028 .2655627 english | .1966829 .2726841 0.72 0.471 -.3377682 .731134 white | 19.86759 2.080645 9.55 0.000 15.7896 23.94558 lwhitemg | -1.865309 .1971459 -9.46 0.000 -2.251708 -1.47891 _cons | 55.01312 23.83772 2.31 0.021 8.292047 101.7342------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003246 lgdp | -.002828 .01003 lgdpau | -.00194 .006458 .53132lgdpdfrati~w | -.002346 .005747 -.007651 .095316 lpopau | .003235 -.035389 -1.77671 .039221 6.33744 lpop | .001071 -.006414 -.004366 -.003875 .011683 .011484 lxrate1 | .000271 .000397 -.000174 .001001 -.003465 -.000678 .001176 lremote | .000881 .00321 -.010454 -.016776 .002666 .000873 .001176 ldist | .011021 .001506 -.005433 -.00868 -.075148 .009429 .000377 lopen | -.000312 .00099 .002449 .000627 -.023282 .001424 -.000138 english | -.004792 .006893 .006027 .004925 -.026423 -.000767 -.000758 white | .017416 -.039056 -.002532 -.060509 .079528 .013004 .001105 lwhitemg | -.002067 .001925 -.001855 .003181 .005068 -.000234 -.00038 _cons | -.08628 .260554 15.6213 -.373288 -57.3085 -.214896 .04473

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .052466 ldist | .036488 .335115 lopen | .001972 .003173 .005068 english | .000953 .073207 .000069 .074357 white | .089794 .139229 -.00808 .116492 4.32908 lwhitemg | -.006013 -.023632 .000647 -.013717 -.400693 .038866 _cons | -.656978 -2.36518 .235334 -.559777 -2.80608 .218312 568.237

. xtgls lrmsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1515.54Log likelihood = -248.6211 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0049658 .0238018 0.21 0.835 -.0416849 .0516166 lgdp | .4903601 .0799614 6.13 0.000 .3336386 .6470816 lgdpau | -.334037 .4790551 -0.70 0.486 -1.272968 .6048937lgdpdfrati~w | .1797664 .222555 0.81 0.419 -.2564334 .6159662 lpopau | 1.14699 1.651317 0.69 0.487 -2.089531 4.383512 lpop | -.3232596 .1085258 -2.98 0.003 -.5359662 -.1105529 lxrate1 | -.0291439 .021494 -1.36 0.175 -.0712713 .0129835 lremote | -.0107815 .1636043 -0.07 0.947 -.3314401 .3098771 ldist | -3.72861 .4983341 -7.48 0.000 -4.705327 -2.751893 lopen | .0099602 .0479483 0.21 0.835 -.0840168 .1039372 english | .160341 .2714876 0.59 0.555 -.3717649 .6924469 white | 16.80858 2.510342 6.70 0.000 11.8884 21.72876 lwhitemg | -1.262701 .2695508 -4.68 0.000 -1.791011 -.7343908 _cons | 20.64418 16.52743 1.25 0.212 -11.74899 53.03735------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000567 lgdp | -.000729 .006394 lgdpau | .000165 -.002238 .229494lgdpdfrati~w | -.001031 .002802 -.00938 .049531 lpopau | -.001366 .001757 -.766102 .049965 2.72685 lpop | .000218 -.005503 .000314 -.001034 -.003765 .011778 lxrate1 | -.000021 .000188 .001257 .000942 -.005943 -.000527 .000462 lremote | .000235 .002013 -.016668 -.003818 .050209 -.002972 -.000182 ldist | .002209 .003529 -.010762 -.001351 -.010448 .015975 -.000606 lopen | .000051 -.000289 -.002022 .001605 .003145 .00095 -.000016 english | -.001303 .001957 .000328 .002748 -.000289 .001737 .000383 white | .003993 -.032601 .035487 -.015682 -.232055 .052316 .001259 lwhitemg | -.000404 .001182 -.004297 .000709 .028664 -.004103 .000011 _cons | .00663 -.075914 6.9838 -.632952 -25.4897 -.133369 .074121

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .026766 ldist | .011038 .248337 lopen | -.000043 .00059 .002299 english | -.000168 .043288 .00032 .073706 white | -.001213 .13048 .000169 .085367 6.30182 lwhitemg | .002425 -.017416 .000073 -.009178 -.667048 .072658 _cons | -.731084 -2.36753 -.013452 -.495178 1.56241 -.178305 273.156

.

.

. clear

. *Estimating the Australian Immigration Trade relationship;

. insheet using k:\book2.txt(54 vars, 11640 obs)

. drop if ccode ==. (10630 observations deleted)

.

. *Dropping Finland

. drop if ccode==722420(10 observations deleted)

.

.

. **Regression of Imports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Imports

. xtgls lrimp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8786.07Log likelihood = -546.0815 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

lrimp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3283691 .0305562 10.75 0.000 .2684801 .3882582 lgdp | 1.189519 .03213 37.02 0.000 1.126545 1.252492 lgdpau | .1596827 .6045407 0.26 0.792 -1.025195 1.344561lgdpdfrati~w | -.8671913 .2459476 -3.53 0.000 -1.34924 -.3851429 lpopau | -2.718463 2.083923 -1.30 0.192 -6.802877 1.365951 lpop | .0328938 .040259 0.82 0.414 -.0460124 .1117999 lxrate1 | -.1289008 .0162869 -7.91 0.000 -.1608224 -.0969791 lremote | -.4261318 .0746152 -5.71 0.000 -.5723749 -.2798887 ldist | -2.070556 .1578607 -13.12 0.000 -2.379957 -1.761154 lopen | .2872858 .0552411 5.20 0.000 .1790152 .3955564 english | .891468 .1175685 7.58 0.000 .6610381 1.121898 white | 4.241096 .4760238 8.91 0.000 3.308106 5.174085 lwhitemg | -.3975859 .0430536 -9.23 0.000 -.4819695 -.3132023 _cons | 42.71128 19.19098 2.23 0.026 5.097646 80.32491

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000934 lgdp | -.00029 .001032 lgdpau | -.000871 .001339 .36547lgdpdfrati~w | -.000808 .000188 -.009728 .06049 lpopau | .001656 -.007894 -1.23455 .050307 4.34273

lpop | -.000144 -.00069 .000063 .000145 -.000058 .001621 lxrate1 | .000086 .000148 .000324 .000211 -.002456 -.000094 .000265 lremote | .000447 .000133 -.000385 -.00169 -.003653 -.0002 .000114 ldist | .001587 .000858 .000543 -.001172 -.015006 .000141 .001623 lopen | -.00017 .00064 .002398 .000797 -.016329 .000292 .000151 english | -.001073 .002405 .002675 .00225 -.009992 -.001084 .000489 white | .004668 -.001281 .00013 -.008058 -.013242 .004146 .000098 lwhitemg | -.000566 .000115 -.000029 .000776 .001727 -.000316 -.000031 _cons | -.020911 .073507 10.8732 -.618923 -39.3671 -.008266 .01221

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .005567 ldist | .005346 .02492 lopen | .001334 .000973 .003052 english | -.002807 .002005 -.000524 .013822 white | -.001264 .001814 -.000766 .004293 .226599 lwhitemg | .00021 -.000618 -7.8e-06 -.000246 -.020073 .001854 _cons | -.027414 -.084461 .16957 .057749 .131647 -.016794 368.294

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 72118.71Log likelihood = -974.5359 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0521871 .0140816 3.71 0.000 .0245876 .0797866 lgdp | 1.609257 .0505877 31.81 0.000 1.510107 1.708407 lgdpau | .870579 .3608935 2.41 0.016 .1632407 1.577917lgdpdfrati~w | -.4307932 .1497639 -2.88 0.004 -.7243251 -.1372613 lpopau | -6.309563 1.219576 -5.17 0.000 -8.699889 -3.919238 lpop | -.3550386 .0837053 -4.24 0.000 -.519098 -.1909791 lxrate1 | -.121835 .0203141 -6.00 0.000 -.1616499 -.08202 lremote | -.9620008 .0956955 -10.05 0.000 -1.149561 -.774441 ldist | -3.268348 .1581125 -20.67 0.000 -3.578243 -2.958453 lopen | -.0518666 .0268464 -1.93 0.053 -.1044846 .0007515 english | .9905234 .08549 11.59 0.000 .8229661 1.158081 white | 5.055621 .7905934 6.39 0.000 3.506086 6.605155 lwhitemg | -.5005652 .0746411 -6.71 0.000 -.6468591 -.3542714 _cons | 95.1884 11.45222 8.31 0.000 72.74247 117.6343------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000198 lgdp | -.000265 .002559 lgdpau | -.001258 .001779 .130244lgdpdfrati~w | -.00061 .000553 -.01192 .022429 lpopau | .004965 -.007358 -.4311 .024014 1.48737 lpop | .00016 -.003999 -.001408 .000469 .004099 .007007 lxrate1 | -.000029 .000291 -.000019 .000409 -.003221 -.000321 .000413 lremote | .000445 .000326 -.006688 -.003355 .023974 -.001272 .000055 ldist | .00061 -.001309 -.006171 -.001317 .015455 .00202 .000557

lopen | .000045 -.000098 -.000974 .000928 .003585 .000257 -.000073 english | -.000437 .000283 .003282 .002681 -.020872 .000273 .001118 white | .001474 -.012488 -.013995 -.006765 .056846 .018221 -.001128 lwhitemg | -.000123 .000667 .000765 .000462 -.004103 -.000863 .00015 _cons | -.055822 .089605 3.85117 -.082776 -13.6578 -.058499 .044878

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .009158 ldist | .003807 .025 lopen | .000625 .000208 .000721 english | -.002835 .002161 -.000405 .007309 white | .01174 -.026986 .002002 -.004463 .625038 lwhitemg | -.000439 .003582 -.000154 .000622 -.057531 .005571 _cons | -.325647 -.376339 -.043863 .248328 -.414745 .014933 131.153

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8572.18Log likelihood = -938.6966 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0647781 .0172024 3.77 0.000 .0310621 .0984941 lgdp | 1.721419 .0663781 25.93 0.000 1.591321 1.851518 lgdpau | .3946404 .4335617 0.91 0.363 -.4551249 1.244406lgdpdfrati~w | -.5350788 .1762096 -3.04 0.002 -.8804431 -.1897144 lpopau | -4.306537 1.497694 -2.88 0.004 -7.241964 -1.37111 lpop | -.4976906 .0799735 -6.22 0.000 -.6544357 -.3409455 lxrate1 | -.1475178 .0253323 -5.82 0.000 -.1971682 -.0978673 lremote | -.4886046 .1234898 -3.96 0.000 -.7306401 -.2465692 ldist | -4.32384 .3274173 -13.21 0.000 -4.965566 -3.682114 lopen | .0064511 .0341314 0.19 0.850 -.0604452 .0733475 english | 1.532532 .1481655 10.34 0.000 1.242133 1.822931 white | 6.953081 1.322363 5.26 0.000 4.361297 9.544865 lwhitemg | -.5721055 .1422354 -4.02 0.000 -.8508817 -.2933293 _cons | 79.89172 14.25212 5.61 0.000 51.95807 107.8254------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000296 lgdp | -.000461 .004406 lgdpau | -.001494 .003489 .187976lgdpdfrati~w | -.000563 .00125 -.014821 .03105 lpopau | .00497 -.019834 -.627578 .039629 2.24309 lpop | .000318 -.003785 -.001806 -.00066 .007348 .006396 lxrate1 | -.000016 .000427 -.000109 .000876 -.004534 -.000544 .000642 lremote | -.000089 -.000879 -.00675 -.002698 .023885 -.000735 -.000013 ldist | .001245 .008812 -.007743 -.002926 -.017075 -.00163 .001047 lopen | .000072 -.000494 -.000817 .001358 .003812 .0007 -.00017 english | -.000691 .001444 .005457 .002867 -.041747 .004249 .001901 white | .000891 -.027648 -.011776 .002577 .036936 .031472 .003212 lwhitemg | -.000091 .001266 -.000068 -.000616 .002753 -.002026 -.000335

_cons | -.04956 .123645 5.58471 -.265269 -20.5196 -.06993 .063641

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .01525 ldist | .005021 .107202 lopen | .000632 -.000562 .001165 english | -.00479 .007047 -.001187 .021953 white | .008367 -.092603 .002105 .034585 1.74864 lwhitemg | .001139 .006583 -.000072 -.003613 -.181092 .020231 _cons | -.368073 -.759107 -.042345 .41268 .58714 -.109994 203.123

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2208.09Log likelihood = -1109.988 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0936819 .0408496 2.29 0.022 .0136182 .1737457 lgdp | .9514549 .0791779 12.02 0.000 .796269 1.106641 lgdpau | -.5950777 .8571157 -0.69 0.488 -2.274994 1.084838lgdpdfrati~w | -.3295648 .3486584 -0.95 0.345 -1.012923 .3537932 lpopau | .5895144 2.932675 0.20 0.841 -5.158424 6.337453 lpop | .0273018 .09786 0.28 0.780 -.1645002 .2191038 lxrate1 | -.1322546 .0329416 -4.01 0.000 -.196819 -.0676902 lremote | .5481542 .2356338 2.33 0.020 .0863205 1.009988 ldist | -1.595119 .3323244 -4.80 0.000 -2.246463 -.943775 lopen | .3645423 .0788052 4.63 0.000 .210087 .5189976 english | 1.704877 .2433061 7.01 0.000 1.228005 2.181748 white | -1.704125 2.470492 -0.69 0.490 -6.5462 3.137951 lwhitemg | .4181077 .2146953 1.95 0.051 -.0026874 .8389028 _cons | -2.839486 27.74714 -0.10 0.918 -57.22289 51.54392------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001669 lgdp | -.00157 .006269 lgdpau | -.001983 .001556 .734647lgdpdfrati~w | -.000408 .001523 -.014857 .121563 lpopau | .003798 -.009411 -2.45876 .04463 8.60059 lpop | .000355 -.005616 .000091 -.000775 -.001193 .009577 lxrate1 | .000114 .000884 .000422 .00194 -.007337 -.001167 .001085 lremote | .001347 .000402 -.027932 -.015154 .088289 .000617 -.000824 ldist | .004326 -.007628 -.019925 -.006683 .059449 .011467 -.000193 lopen | .00026 -.001134 .004562 .002645 -.02458 .002981 -.000179 english | -.003589 .000767 .010222 .005941 -.020972 -.000392 .001447 white | .002744 -.023437 .102916 -.007886 -.399874 .019327 -.001246 lwhitemg | -.000436 .000894 -.010767 -.000837 .043227 -.00019 -.000061 _cons | -.041007 .136902 21.9377 -.302328 -79.375 -.119247 .111922

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .055523 ldist | .019965 .110439

lopen | .002002 -.001113 .00621 english | -.015795 .01192 -.002024 .059198 white | .059413 -.029062 .005845 .041857 6.10333 lwhitemg | -.002003 .006379 -.000329 -.003101 -.51934 .046094 _cons | -1.41269 -1.72373 .260823 .084784 3.90542 -.493158 769.904

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 60817.57Log likelihood = -907.1163 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0244274 .013816 1.77 0.077 -.0026515 .0515062 lgdp | 1.550207 .0530113 29.24 0.000 1.446307 1.654107 lgdpau | .6415026 .372028 1.72 0.085 -.087659 1.370664lgdpdfrati~w | -.2428269 .1388234 -1.75 0.080 -.5149158 .0292621 lpopau | -6.51855 1.260015 -5.17 0.000 -8.988134 -4.048967 lpop | -.1570628 .0908661 -1.73 0.084 -.3351572 .0210315 lxrate1 | -.0444102 .0184526 -2.41 0.016 -.0805767 -.0082437 lremote | -.572716 .1547892 -3.70 0.000 -.8760972 -.2693349 ldist | -2.477541 .1665082 -14.88 0.000 -2.803891 -2.151191 lopen | -.0384079 .0281625 -1.36 0.173 -.0936054 .0167896 english | 1.142613 .1125454 10.15 0.000 .9220278 1.363198 white | 4.549889 .9644766 4.72 0.000 2.659549 6.440228 lwhitemg | -.3442308 .0865115 -3.98 0.000 -.5137902 -.1746714 _cons | 91.51007 11.89523 7.69 0.000 68.19586 114.8243------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000191 lgdp | -.000204 .00281 lgdpau | -.000844 .001916 .138405lgdpdfrati~w | -.000342 .000778 -.007299 .019272 lpopau | .002946 -.006709 -.459655 .011332 1.58764 lpop | .000125 -.004526 -.001469 -.000079 .002779 .008257 lxrate1 | 6.0e-06 .00022 -.00003 .00046 -.002567 -.000249 .00034 lremote | -2.1e-06 -.000796 -.014969 -.004571 .054543 -.000245 -.000236 ldist | .000875 -.005417 -.003431 .001259 .000851 .009616 .000645 lopen | .000016 -.000086 -.000978 .000958 .003468 .000267 -.000066 english | -.000313 -.000316 .00382 .002678 -.019284 .000264 .000933 white | .000459 -.015298 -.026906 -.006738 .07168 .025067 .001681 lwhitemg | -.000084 .00069 .000838 .000108 -.000813 -.001268 -.000199 _cons | -.032986 .127522 4.14902 -.002835 -14.6769 -.125077 .036532

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .02396 ldist | -.003699 .027725 lopen | .001171 .000253 .000793 english | -.004876 .006581 -.000485 .012666

white | .036434 .022563 .001671 .001723 .930215

lwhitemg | -.000643 -.001274 -.000041 -.000059 -.080201 .007484 _cons | -.660035 -.195765 -.047395 .195244 -1.07083 .014523 141.496

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 9185.69Log likelihood = -971.8077 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2525715 .0326444 7.74 0.000 .1885896 .3165533 lgdp | 1.575313 .0726192 21.69 0.000 1.432982 1.717644 lgdpau | -.1673315 .6134462 -0.27 0.785 -1.369664 1.035001lgdpdfrati~w | -.0964306 .2648889 -0.36 0.716 -.6156034 .4227421 lpopau | -1.331586 2.150927 -0.62 0.536 -5.547325 2.884153 lpop | -.4688291 .0819382 -5.72 0.000 -.6294249 -.3082332 lxrate1 | -.1220714 .0281154 -4.34 0.000 -.1771766 -.0669663 lremote | -.3826955 .1220573 -3.14 0.002 -.6219235 -.1434675 ldist | -2.796002 .332217 -8.42 0.000 -3.447136 -2.144869 lopen | .113084 .050134 2.26 0.024 .0148231 .2113449 english | .9177841 .1414546 6.49 0.000 .6405382 1.19503 white | 6.768564 1.294501 5.23 0.000 4.231388 9.30574 lwhitemg | -.6050511 .138061 -4.38 0.000 -.8756458 -.3344565 _cons | 31.34254 20.45786 1.53 0.126 -8.75412 71.4392------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001066 lgdp | -.001569 .005274 lgdpau | -.001705 .0033 .376316lgdpdfrati~w | -.001276 .002839 -.024616 .070166 lpopau | .004534 -.017307 -1.28019 .097696 4.62649 lpop | .0009 -.004407 -.001267 -.001851 .006457 .006714 lxrate1 | .000091 .000314 -.000104 .001187 -.004988 -.000586 .00079 lremote | .00004 -.000521 -.003873 -.000759 .00633 -.001078 .000151 ldist | .004751 .000885 -.010081 -.00313 -.015982 .00109 .001555 lopen | .000142 -.000749 .00169 .001636 -.008587 .001422 -.000269 english | -.001737 .00362 .002646 .004548 -.019402 .000402 .001962 white | .003205 -.026795 -.00402 .000645 .032564 .02662 .003892 lwhitemg | -.00022 .001549 -.0005 -.000515 .000577 -.001858 -.000364 _cons | -.059016 .151959 11.4779 -1.04395 -42.9225 -.081766 .066506

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .014898 ldist | .009152 .110368 lopen | .000377 -.001039 .002513 english | -.004712 -.002396 -.001712 .020009 white | .006025 -.092149 .003932 .018354 1.67573 lwhitemg | .001193 .008883 -.00028 -.002298 -.173209 .019061 _cons | -.193823 -.665747 .099812 .220137 .529987 -.093939 418.524

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8644.53Log likelihood = -1110.433 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0188321 .0159502 1.18 0.238 -.0124297 .0500938 lgdp | 1.378962 .0498745 27.65 0.000 1.281209 1.476714 lgdpau | .4436065 .5191482 0.85 0.393 -.5739054 1.461118lgdpdfrati~w | -.0117677 .1715088 -0.07 0.945 -.3479187 .3243834 lpopau | -5.009981 1.764365 -2.84 0.005 -8.468072 -1.55189 lpop | .0601318 .0723461 0.83 0.406 -.081664 .2019276 lxrate1 | -.0689239 .0202778 -3.40 0.001 -.1086676 -.0291801 lremote | -.9464119 .1613034 -5.87 0.000 -1.262561 -.630263 ldist | -3.429642 .2075168 -16.53 0.000 -3.836367 -3.022916 lopen | .0923061 .0436418 2.12 0.034 .0067698 .1778424 english | 2.402863 .1406085 17.09 0.000 2.127275 2.678451 white | 1.412153 1.398722 1.01 0.313 -1.329291 4.153598 lwhitemg | -.0211008 .1118228 -0.19 0.850 -.2402694 .1980679 _cons | 83.31982 16.84141 4.95 0.000 50.31128 116.3284------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000254 lgdp | -.000418 .002487 lgdpau | -.000155 .000127 .269515lgdpdfrati~w | -.000523 .000698 .001789 .029415 lpopau | -.001089 .001547 -.894865 -.004098 3.11298 lpop | .000198 -.002797 -.000367 5.1e-06 -.002172 .005234 lxrate1 | -.000023 .000232 .000384 .000691 -.002534 -.00042 .000411 lremote | .000219 .000601 -.017458 -.002022 .054883 -.00089 -.000257 ldist | .000592 .000332 -.011691 -.001781 .027681 .000043 .000212 lopen | .000076 -.000344 -.000269 .001924 .001122 .000751 -.00013 english | -.000803 .000523 .002661 .001946 -.009817 .001566 .001064 white | .000689 -.013433 -.006057 -.002151 .013637 .02436 -.00026 lwhitemg | -.000031 .000698 -.000724 .000238 .00239 -.00157 .000084 _cons | .020691 -.048164 8.03939 .010222 -28.9071 .032617 .030992

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .026019 ldist | .017423 .043063 lopen | .000984 .00018 .001905 english | -.003929 .002683 -.001427 .019771 white | .011789 .014756 .001193 .033697 1.95642 lwhitemg | .000748 .001129 -.000017 -.002946 -.152642 .012504 _cons | -.844584 -.729198 -.026492 .056976 -.412943 -.028473 283.633

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrmnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 542.96Log likelihood = -583.7393 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2677743 .0389313 6.88 0.000 .1914703 .3440782 lgdp | .1782087 .0705815 2.52 0.012 .0398715 .3165459 lgdpau | -1.415866 .281908 -5.02 0.000 -1.968395 -.863336lgdpdfrati~w | -.4474494 .1679978 -2.66 0.008 -.776719 -.1181797 lpopau | 2.260256 .9489644 2.38 0.017 .4003203 4.120192 lpop | .5161069 .086639 5.96 0.000 .3462977 .6859162 lxrate1 | -.1823489 .0236009 -7.73 0.000 -.2286059 -.1360919 lremote | -.0520436 .0820861 -0.63 0.526 -.2129293 .1088422 ldist | -1.518494 .3808789 -3.99 0.000 -2.265002 -.7719847 lopen | .0701548 .0310253 2.26 0.024 .0093464 .1309632 english | .6664213 .2060479 3.23 0.001 .2625748 1.070268 white | 9.130873 .9186786 9.94 0.000 7.330296 10.93145 lwhitemg | -.8963681 .0876388 -10.23 0.000 -1.068137 -.7245992 _cons | 8.471173 9.298805 0.91 0.362 -9.754149 26.6965------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001516 lgdp | -.001364 .004982 lgdpau | -.000162 .000993 .079472lgdpdfrati~w | -.000343 .00186 .007644 .028223 lpopau | .001188 -.006771 -.255088 -.005706 .900533 lpop | .000078 -.003683 -.002836 -.001681 .00301 .007506 lxrate1 | -.000045 .000412 .00341 .001559 -.010844 -.00057 .000557 lremote | .000341 .000313 -.003317 -.001965 .007124 -.000254 -.000154 ldist | .002617 -.008992 -.000487 -.003142 -.023128 .017624 .000034 lopen | -.000058 -.0003 -.002679 -.000143 .005957 .000609 -.000261 english | -.002015 .001879 .008183 .004229 -.036438 .004566 .001358 white | .006564 -.006273 .031558 .012965 -.109882 .008523 .004664 lwhitemg | -.000632 -.000273 -.003123 -.001631 .011224 .00008 -.000496 _cons | -.022919 .116987 2.17802 -.111478 -7.92859 -.172531 .086911

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .006738 ldist | .006101 .145069 lopen | .00015 .000424 .000963 english | -.000485 .011891 -.000739 .042456 white | -.00065 -.047986 -.002603 .050152 .84397 lwhitemg | .000368 .007573 .000314 -.002829 -.0774 .007681 _cons | -.150368 -1.12997 -.033999 .143543 1.35219 -.16456 86.4678

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrmmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3436.59Log likelihood = -598.6666 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1288126 .0298797 4.31 0.000 .0702495 .1873756 lgdp | .2363623 .0510275 4.63 0.000 .1363502 .3363744 lgdpau | -.0998605 .0589275 -1.69 0.090 -.2153562 .0156353lgdpdfrati~w | -.1167466 .0390237 -2.99 0.003 -.1932317 -.0402616 lpopau | 2.575634 .244335 10.54 0.000 2.096747 3.054522 lpop | .8745591 .1012775 8.64 0.000 .6760588 1.073059 lxrate1 | -.0117592 .0075527 -1.56 0.119 -.0265621 .0030437 lremote | .1362346 .030251 4.50 0.000 .0769436 .1955255 ldist | -3.301512 .3452606 -9.56 0.000 -3.97821 -2.624814 lopen | -.0048815 .0278191 -0.18 0.861 -.0594059 .0496428 english | .7964026 .2788261 2.86 0.004 .2499135 1.342892 white | 19.06841 3.205368 5.95 0.000 12.786 25.35081 lwhitemg | -1.869711 .2899058 -6.45 0.000 -2.437916 -1.301506 _cons | -23.7813 5.001641 -4.75 0.000 -33.58434 -13.97826------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000893 lgdp | -.000487 .002604 lgdpau | -.000631 -.000431 .003472lgdpdfrati~w | .000294 -.001036 .000702 .001523 lpopau | .004343 -.000124 -.012061 .000301 .0597 lpop | -.000265 -.002227 .00127 .00056 -.004445 .010257 lxrate1 | 8.0e-06 .000066 -.000042 .000025 .000563 -.000203 .000057 lremote | -.000289 .001084 -.00056 -.000881 -.000049 -.00073 .000029 ldist | .003201 -.00023 -.002795 .000092 .020416 -.001726 -.000076 lopen | -.000322 -.000204 .000242 -.000354 -.003701 .001028 -.00014 english | -.000682 -.000164 .000676 .000202 -.005738 .000246 .000031 white | .003221 -.005204 .000389 .002256 .003516 .022699 -.000396 lwhitemg | -.000539 .000128 .000214 -.000103 -.002288 -.002543 .000039 _cons | -.073837 -.015331 .133669 -.005231 -.820354 -.046576 -.006426

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .000915 ldist | -.000089 .119205 lopen | .000169 -.00082 .000774 english | -.000192 .05631 .000033 .077744 white | -.002467 .007052 .000647 .018384 10.2744 lwhitemg | .000118 -.003365 .000044 -.001232 -.916127 .084045 _cons | -.002311 -1.39382 .053132 -.473787 -.392367 .104683 25.0164

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrmsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 517.29Log likelihood = -570.1263 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5221957 .0503092 10.38 0.000 .4235915 .6207999 lgdp | .0137389 .0788126 0.17 0.862 -.140731 .1682088 lgdpau | 1.998222 .817506 2.44 0.015 .3959395 3.600504lgdpdfrati~w | -.6319737 .2959131 -2.14 0.033 -1.211953 -.0519948 lpopau | -9.850774 2.808599 -3.51 0.000 -15.35553 -4.346022 lpop | .3441113 .0979739 3.51 0.000 .1520859 .5361367 lxrate1 | -.1110214 .0260896 -4.26 0.000 -.1621561 -.0598866 lremote | -.0576241 .2567738 -0.22 0.822 -.5608916 .4456433 ldist | -1.607167 .3223605 -4.99 0.000 -2.238982 -.9753518 lopen | .0517948 .0542231 0.96 0.339 -.0544806 .1580701 english | -.0277397 .2248133 -0.12 0.902 -.4683656 .4128862 white | 8.834733 1.039923 8.50 0.000 6.796522 10.87294 lwhitemg | -.8091508 .0933614 -8.67 0.000 -.9921358 -.6261659 _cons | 124.0732 26.58303 4.67 0.000 71.97142 176.175------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002531 lgdp | -.001522 .006211 lgdpau | .000594 -.000366 .668316lgdpdfrati~w | -.001591 .001985 -.023624 .087565 lpopau | -.006955 -.005003 -2.23344 .093485 7.88823 lpop | -.000235 -.004436 -.000901 -.000557 .001554 .009599 lxrate1 | .000145 -.000142 .000568 .000919 -.004937 -.000403 .000681 lremote | .001864 .004333 -.021346 -.01087 .056961 -.003259 .000444 ldist | .00506 .001366 -.008977 -.00313 -.013939 .003718 .000751 lopen | -.000305 .000786 .000209 -.000421 -.009349 .000577 .00001 english | -.002281 .001929 .004451 .005325 -.02136 -.000025 .001053 white | .014933 -.02818 .011042 -.008605 -.09068 .029531 .006433 lwhitemg | -.001453 .001487 -.002461 -.000032 .015113 -.001669 -.000531 _cons | .057186 -.019029 19.8262 -.927146 -72.6 -.05987 .061552

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .065933 ldist | .031698 .103916 lopen | .001286 .0021 .00294 english | -.011739 .019444 .000111 .050541 white | .020935 -.001472 -.003545 .017612 1.08144 lwhitemg | .000578 .000438 .000229 -.000966 -.092681 .008716 _cons | -1.3051 -.920264 .095968 .09829 1.05641 -.188079 706.658

. xtgls lrmsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 923.77Log likelihood = -358.6377 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0348173 .0171925 2.03 0.043 .0011206 .0685139 lgdp | .1797266 .0530042 3.39 0.001 .0758403 .2836129 lgdpau | -.2202914 .299616 -0.74 0.462 -.807528 .3669451

lgdpdfrati~w | -.4184671 .1987203 -2.11 0.035 -.8079518 -.0289825 lpopau | 2.606516 1.07037 2.44 0.015 .5086293 4.704402 lpop | .1373961 .0670473 2.05 0.040 .0059858 .2688064 lxrate1 | -.0795859 .017869 -4.45 0.000 -.1146085 -.0445634 lremote | -.1712302 .1079777 -1.59 0.113 -.3828626 .0404022 ldist | -1.313306 .2117217 -6.20 0.000 -1.728273 -.898339 lopen | .0089893 .0245021 0.37 0.714 -.0390341 .0570126 english | 2.031867 .2069384 9.82 0.000 1.626276 2.437459 white | 6.702843 1.688979 3.97 0.000 3.392504 10.01318 lwhitemg | -.4779517 .1652664 -2.89 0.004 -.8018679 -.1540356 _cons | -28.15292 10.86627 -2.59 0.010 -49.45043 -6.855416------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000296 lgdp | -.000316 .002809 lgdpau | .000291 -.001345 .08977lgdpdfrati~w | -.000419 -.000531 -.001644 .03949 lpopau | -.001357 .006265 -.308427 .02383 1.14569 lpop | .000132 -.002767 .000884 .001015 -.006898 .004495 lxrate1 | -.000012 .000167 .001118 .000666 -.00543 -.000158 .000319 lremote | .000181 .000877 -.006425 -.003189 .022991 -.000489 -.000332 ldist | .000816 .000713 -.001388 -.001017 -.002887 .002341 -.000265 lopen | .000023 -.000251 -.000096 .001031 -.000905 .000316 -6.6e-06 english | -.000277 -.002291 .003233 .003313 -.009493 .003977 .00025 white | .001716 -.01992 .011364 .004294 -.057453 .023496 .000053 lwhitemg | -.000178 .001141 -.00098 -.000111 .004342 -.00163 -4.4e-06 _cons | .009512 -.099753 2.84231 -.362214 -11.122 .063662 .063188

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .011659 ldist | .000898 .044826 lopen | -.00011 -.000085 .0006 english | -.003641 .014441 .000026 .042824 white | .003056 -.005838 .0014 .062917 2.85265 lwhitemg | .000187 -.000723 -.000077 -.006255 -.273498 .027313 _cons | -.330801 -.40522 .019216 -.051698 .736224 -.03963 118.076

. xtgls lrmsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1067.83Log likelihood = -859.6435 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1485808 .064659 2.30 0.022 .0218514 .2753101 lgdp | .5139908 .10891 4.72 0.000 .300531 .7274505 lgdpau | -2.482656 1.125605 -2.21 0.027 -4.688802 -.2765109lgdpdfrati~w | -1.067529 .4513309 -2.37 0.018 -1.952121 -.1829364 lpopau | 5.219011 3.85846 1.35 0.176 -2.343431 12.78145 lpop | .2303312 .1249243 1.84 0.065 -.0145159 .4751782 lxrate1 | -.1470181 .0399848 -3.68 0.000 -.2253869 -.0686492 lremote | 1.85673 .2806091 6.62 0.000 1.306746 2.406713 ldist | -1.584243 .5012232 -3.16 0.002 -2.566623 -.6018637 lopen | -.0147193 .0777042 -0.19 0.850 -.1670167 .1375782

english | .3425786 .2596168 1.32 0.187 -.1662609 .8514181 white | 10.49713 1.341676 7.82 0.000 7.867494 13.12677 lwhitemg | -.8085933 .1325349 -6.10 0.000 -1.068357 -.5488297 _cons | -33.95945 36.26202 -0.94 0.349 -105.0317 37.1128------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004181 lgdp | -.004356 .011861 lgdpau | -.002142 .005573 1.26699lgdpdfrati~w | -.001846 .004419 -.00558 .2037 lpopau | .002999 -.026683 -4.23547 .071014 14.8877 lpop | .001529 -.010146 -.002464 -.002494 .011285 .015606 lxrate1 | .000089 .001598 .000843 .001474 -.009955 -.001513 .001599 lremote | .001612 -.002416 -.03243 -.019802 .079973 .002365 .001155 ldist | .012541 -.010642 -.011474 -.010618 -.003378 .015757 -.002301 lopen | .000336 -.000805 .006533 .00131 -.033725 .002141 -.000371 english | -.005578 .010752 .006497 .001165 -.024122 -.008625 -.000535 white | .026591 -.051507 -.0452 -.034622 .06564 .052158 .004276 lwhitemg | -.002972 .003159 .000546 .000892 .00979 -.002808 -.000716 _cons | -.072967 .323725 37.3495 -1.02027 -136.265 -.30869 .135695

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .078741 ldist | .024121 .251225 lopen | .003103 .00431 .006038 english | -.002897 .026145 -.00085 .067401 white | .114595 .131185 .002779 .020292 1.8001 lwhitemg | -.0044 -.017013 -.00013 -.004175 -.167816 .017565 _cons | -1.37525 -2.30548 .307997 -.085641 -1.9665 .015489 1314.93

. xtgls lrmsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 452.85Log likelihood = -118.9086 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0304688 .0289786 1.05 0.293 -.0263281 .0872657 lgdp | .1599283 .0606665 2.64 0.008 .0410242 .2788324 lgdpau | .285747 .4261241 0.67 0.502 -.5494409 1.120935lgdpdfrati~w | .3469113 .1933585 1.79 0.073 -.0320643 .7258869 lpopau | 2.806713 1.501495 1.87 0.062 -.1361642 5.74959 lpop | .2998186 .0803237 3.73 0.000 .142387 .4572503 lxrate1 | -.0289856 .0166895 -1.74 0.082 -.0616964 .0037252 lremote | -.0315032 .1327316 -0.24 0.812 -.2916525 .228646 ldist | -2.307035 .4369281 -5.28 0.000 -3.163398 -1.450671 lopen | .0567859 .0388103 1.46 0.143 -.019281 .1328527 english | .8699209 .1921339 4.53 0.000 .4933454 1.246496 white | 13.04951 1.216356 10.73 0.000 10.66549 15.43352 lwhitemg | -1.104029 .1172475 -9.42 0.000 -1.33383 -.8742279 _cons | -40.00466 15.46357 -2.59 0.010 -70.31269 -9.696626------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00084 lgdp | -.000671 .00368 lgdpau | -.000585 -.000138 .181582lgdpdfrati~w | -.000742 .000925 -.000575 .037387 lpopau | .001611 .001399 -.608342 .0184 2.25449 lpop | -.000085 -.002704 .000423 .000594 -.004767 .006452 lxrate1 | .000048 .000112 .00019 .000571 -.002818 -.000131 .000279 lremote | .000895 .002094 -.008139 -.003146 .023935 -.001613 .000102 ldist | .002587 -.004411 -.01045 -.007066 .004426 .009342 -.000065 lopen | -.000022 -.000039 .000157 .00037 -.004387 .000536 -.000052 english | -.001256 -.001017 .002972 .002804 -.014875 .00508 .000118 white | .003949 -.01694 .02758 -.004807 -.249693 .026237 .002863 lwhitemg | -.000455 .000905 -.002973 .00033 .025689 -.002007 -.000328 _cons | -.031295 -.032788 5.49705 -.262307 -21.6629 -.048615 .039378

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .017618 ldist | .017524 .190906 lopen | 4.0e-06 .000262 .001506 english | -.004952 .01008 .000092 .036915 white | -.006006 -.008998 -.000075 .042326 1.47952 lwhitemg | .000698 .001863 .000023 -.003596 -.138847 .013747 _cons | -.525652 -1.83633 .059524 .052761 3.48335 -.356834 239.122

. xtgls lrmsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 236.62Log likelihood = 162.3245 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | -.0025539 .018877 -0.14 0.892 -.0395522 .0344444 lgdp | .2792665 .0509803 5.48 0.000 .1793469 .3791861 lgdpau | -.2939464 .3446536 -0.85 0.394 -.9694549 .3815622lgdpdfrati~w | -.0787714 .1423903 -0.55 0.580 -.3578512 .2003084 lpopau | 4.344513 1.26077 3.45 0.001 1.873448 6.815577 lpop | -.0490459 .0599093 -0.82 0.413 -.1664659 .0683741 lxrate1 | -.0978032 .0151716 -6.45 0.000 -.127539 -.0680674 lremote | .3212387 .1266675 2.54 0.011 .0729749 .5695024 ldist | -1.261189 .278241 -4.53 0.000 -1.806532 -.7158468 lopen | .0270546 .028217 0.96 0.338 -.0282497 .0823589 english | .2885927 .1648763 1.75 0.080 -.0345589 .6117444 white | 7.258388 2.045467 3.55 0.000 3.249347 11.26743 lwhitemg | -.6260681 .192845 -3.25 0.001 -1.004037 -.2480989 _cons | -59.71643 13.42442 -4.45 0.000 -86.02781 -33.40504------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000356 lgdp | -.000369 .002599 lgdpau | .000284 -.00057 .118786lgdpdfrati~w | -.000441 .000452 -.005713 .020275

lpopau | -.002527 .003236 -.408627 .026527 1.58954 lpop | .000047 -.002149 -.000175 -.000019 .001184 .003589 lxrate1 | 2.7e-06 .000013 .000493 .000464 -.004429 -.000119 .00023 lremote | .000281 .001662 -.007199 -.00111 .025406 -.001444 -.000061 ldist | .00168 -.001856 -.001768 -.001372 .001047 .004561 .000088 lopen | -.00001 5.6e-06 .000052 .000203 -.001483 .000185 -.000027 english | -.000429 -.001704 -.000155 .000948 .021243 .004596 .000191 white | .002582 -.014021 .015903 -.005612 -.129044 .012289 .001506 lwhitemg | -.000292 .000854 -.001965 .00053 .013462 -.000964 -.000116 _cons | .022448 -.057794 3.75999 -.298202 -15.9741 -.054848 .060329

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .016045 ldist | .006553 .077418 lopen | .000077 -.000516 .000796 english | -.001197 .015617 -.000266 .027184 white | .001997 .004581 -.000644 .027846 4.18393 lwhitemg | .000475 -.001568 .000088 -.002691 -.388083 .037189 _cons | -.449044 -.807976 .024883 -.526525 1.76064 -.163154 180.215

. xtgls lrmsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 456.01Log likelihood = -682.3311 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1767792 .0532261 3.32 0.001 .072458 .2811004 lgdp | .7602588 .1041648 7.30 0.000 .5560995 .9644181 lgdpau | -.7081689 .6737672 -1.05 0.293 -2.028728 .6123905lgdpdfrati~w | -.3464449 .2821265 -1.23 0.219 -.8994026 .2065129 lpopau | 3.821023 2.321341 1.65 0.100 -.7287209 8.370767 lpop | -.2895313 .1485769 -1.95 0.051 -.5807367 .0016741 lxrate1 | -.1450001 .0316057 -4.59 0.000 -.2069461 -.083054 lremote | .1409061 .2351847 0.60 0.549 -.3200474 .6018596 ldist | -3.10332 .69004 -4.50 0.000 -4.455774 -1.750867 lopen | .0379143 .0652128 0.58 0.561 -.0899005 .1657291 english | -.3387528 .4347999 -0.78 0.436 -1.190945 .5134393 white | 16.52283 4.673393 3.54 0.000 7.36315 25.68251 lwhitemg | -1.526131 .4219621 -3.62 0.000 -2.353161 -.6991002 _cons | -26.18923 22.87944 -1.14 0.252 -71.0321 18.65364------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002833 lgdp | -.002344 .01085 lgdpau | .001385 -.001526 .453962lgdpdfrati~w | -.001896 .003544 -.011033 .079595 lpopau | -.009161 .000338 -1.5107 .063736 5.38862 lpop | -.000105 -.00802 -.001562 -.001826 -.006651 .022075 lxrate1 | .000148 .000518 .002076 .001266 -.010777 -.00081 .000999 lremote | .00098 .00435 -.020756 -.012283 .041144 -.002939 .000479 ldist | .011468 .011078 -.005832 -.003982 -.053887 .005515 .000449 lopen | .000457 -.001048 -.000924 -.000104 -.010609 .0019 -.000192 english | -.006239 .002426 .000981 .005941 -.01521 .018618 .000568

white | .008742 -.03393 .149975 .032361 -.400379 .062797 .00537 lwhitemg | -.001407 .001403 -.015224 -.004135 .04498 -.004767 -.000645 _cons | .041018 -.220912 13.4431 -.75122 -49.5114 -.042107 .11103

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .055312 ldist | .031014 .476155 lopen | .000651 .00324 .004253 english | -.004267 .129359 -.001479 .189051 white | .02374 .211226 .005471 .238758 21.8406 lwhitemg | .000134 -.035871 -.000364 -.027936 -1.94147 .178052 _cons | -.964584 -4.17746 .1592 -1.33598 .077534 .05829 523.469

. xtgls lrmsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1112.29Log likelihood = -570.3758 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1973538 .0463777 4.26 0.000 .1064551 .2882525 lgdp | .6049794 .1010183 5.99 0.000 .4069871 .8029717 lgdpau | .6122302 .6300964 0.97 0.331 -.622736 1.847196lgdpdfrati~w | -.0017953 .2758456 -0.01 0.995 -.5424429 .5388522 lpopau | -2.861188 2.180586 -1.31 0.189 -7.135058 1.412681 lpop | .5175925 .1295311 4.00 0.000 .2637162 .7714688 lxrate1 | -.0860061 .0283739 -3.03 0.002 -.1416179 -.0303943 lremote | -.2340232 .224062 -1.04 0.296 -.6731767 .2051302 ldist | -2.271731 .4407049 -5.15 0.000 -3.135497 -1.407965 lopen | -.0724883 .0704015 -1.03 0.303 -.2104727 .0654962 english | 1.13923 .3225597 3.53 0.000 .507025 1.771436 white | 19.77937 3.112722 6.35 0.000 13.67855 25.88019 lwhitemg | -1.963701 .274374 -7.16 0.000 -2.501464 -1.425938 _cons | 36.24644 21.02216 1.72 0.085 -4.956239 77.44911------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002151 lgdp | -.001893 .010205 lgdpau | -.002159 .005225 .397021lgdpdfrati~w | -.001766 .00307 -.012463 .076091 lpopau | .006448 -.034946 -1.32851 .043423 4.75495 lpop | .000343 -.008669 -.003884 -.002542 .018536 .016778 lxrate1 | .000049 .000649 .000692 .001252 -.006634 -.00082 .000805 lremote | .000452 .003952 -.015361 -.016285 .031962 -.002989 .000511 ldist | .007705 -.003503 -.009663 -.002878 .002653 .016301 .000224 lopen | .000224 -.000011 .000216 .002166 -.011251 .001236 -.000036 english | -.003307 .002601 .005874 .00584 -.025035 -.001011 .00059 white | .006631 -.036106 .018187 -.00825 -.008333 .057404 .002426 lwhitemg | -.000932 .001295 -.00321 -.000688 .010198 -.003933 -.000282 _cons | -.099355 .35416 11.813 -.321866 -43.9117 -.401968 .07966

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .050204

ldist | .006351 .194221 lopen | .00129 .00165 .004956 english | -.008236 .056881 -.00162 .104045 white | .015579 .033374 .004573 -.004175 9.68904 lwhitemg | .000959 -.006966 -.000511 .001827 -.838281 .075281 _cons | -.65449 -1.92049 .134658 -.267833 -.944874 .012614 441.931

. xtgls lrmsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1352.82Log likelihood = -764.4036 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0613373 .0331437 1.85 0.064 -.0036231 .1262977 lgdp | 1.016443 .0947982 10.72 0.000 .8306425 1.202244 lgdpau | .9624799 .680488 1.41 0.157 -.3712521 2.296212lgdpdfrati~w | -.0676345 .2691674 -0.25 0.802 -.5951929 .4599239 lpopau | 3.162129 2.372365 1.33 0.183 -1.487622 7.81188 lpop | -.4280095 .1402766 -3.05 0.002 -.7029467 -.1530723 lxrate1 | -.1499332 .0219763 -6.82 0.000 -.193006 -.1068604 lremote | -.4393086 .187735 -2.34 0.019 -.8072624 -.0713547 ldist | -1.784299 .7199049 -2.48 0.013 -3.195287 -.3733114 lopen | -.0583335 .0714982 -0.82 0.415 -.1984674 .0818003 english | .1801314 .3344466 0.54 0.590 -.4753719 .8356348 white | 25.88629 3.203655 8.08 0.000 19.60725 32.16534 lwhitemg | -2.461877 .2973826 -8.28 0.000 -3.044736 -1.879018 _cons | -70.35481 23.8488 -2.95 0.003 -117.0976 -23.61201------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001099 lgdp | -.001801 .008987 lgdpau | -.000363 .001465 .463064lgdpdfrati~w | -.001911 .004057 -.014646 .072451 lpopau | -.005346 -.010288 -1.54421 .053789 5.62812 lpop | .001593 -.010857 -.004283 -.00363 .026467 .019678 lxrate1 | .000052 .000295 .000454 .000737 -.008771 -.000636 .000483 lremote | .001289 .003612 -.017275 -.004058 .01784 -.002972 .000323 ldist | .006308 .012039 -.024167 -.003246 -.049478 .009598 .001217 lopen | .00029 -.000822 -.000567 .004571 -.006568 .001249 -.000326 english | -.001065 .002696 .002006 .002842 -.008086 .000975 .000814 white | .015146 -.050857 .032878 -.024989 -.348248 .057464 .007795 lwhitemg | -.001394 .003423 -.00431 .001816 .041044 -.004106 -.000806 _cons | .038655 -.042291 13.8987 -.539983 -52.7421 -.45839 .119431

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .035244 ldist | .061669 .518263 lopen | .000932 .001384 .005112 english | .001175 .066912 -.001512 .111855 white | .037046 .03575 -.005759 .197748 10.2634 lwhitemg | -.002725 -.011408 .000816 -.022715 -.939218 .088436 _cons | -.778132 -4.50192 .100488 -.655087 4.39204 -.438036 568.765

. xtgls lrmsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 417.75Log likelihood = -594.268 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3900054 .058733 6.64 0.000 .2748908 .50512 lgdp | .2915468 .0992568 2.94 0.003 .097007 .4860866 lgdpau | .9604951 .7480346 1.28 0.199 -.5056257 2.426616lgdpdfrati~w | -.4908464 .3238953 -1.52 0.130 -1.12567 .1439768 lpopau | -4.09397 2.583392 -1.58 0.113 -9.157325 .9693852 lpop | .3108611 .1056497 2.94 0.003 .1037914 .5179308 lxrate1 | -.0831834 .0343685 -2.42 0.016 -.1505445 -.0158223 lremote | .0170721 .2299337 0.07 0.941 -.4335897 .467734 ldist | -1.272861 .58364 -2.18 0.029 -2.416774 -.1289478 lopen | .0896699 .0723472 1.24 0.215 -.0521281 .2314679 english | .0118627 .2816167 0.04 0.966 -.5400958 .5638212 white | 17.45955 2.354924 7.41 0.000 12.84398 22.07511 lwhitemg | -1.674675 .2155352 -7.77 0.000 -2.097117 -1.252234 _cons | 46.03362 24.46025 1.88 0.060 -1.907587 93.97482------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00345 lgdp | -.003229 .009852 lgdpau | -.002339 .006783 .559556lgdpdfrati~w | -.002787 .006371 -.012159 .104908 lpopau | .004912 -.035341 -1.87236 .060312 6.67391 lpop | .001123 -.006415 -.004358 -.004166 .012183 .011162 lxrate1 | .000301 .000475 -.000077 .000886 -.004319 -.000599 .001181 lremote | .000179 .003166 -.008521 -.016058 -.005465 .000819 .001542 ldist | .011372 .00076 -.005494 -.010634 -.069042 .006823 .00055 lopen | -.00033 .000855 .002201 .00043 -.022544 .001654 -.000122 english | -.003767 .007078 .005067 .002939 -.021942 -.00059 -.001547 white | .023912 -.041319 -.003864 -.056317 .097068 .03154 .001837 lwhitemg | -.002691 .002401 -.001174 .003053 .000762 -.001698 -.000456 _cons | -.093882 .263601 16.4503 -.608891 -60.407 -.193256 .048877

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .05287 ldist | .037964 .340636 lopen | .002539 .003459 .005234 english | .007485 .09132 -.000129 .079308 white | .098412 .217725 -.004427 .115447 5.54567 lwhitemg | -.006802 -.0312 .000461 -.014779 -.497537 .046455 _cons | -.588509 -2.47645 .221712 -.845036 -4.16237 .366809 598.304

. xtgls lrmsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squares

Panels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1241.66Log likelihood = -265.9617 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0039595 .0245955 0.16 0.872 -.0442469 .0521659 lgdp | .444279 .0834262 5.33 0.000 .2807667 .6077914 lgdpau | -.3064174 .4955664 -0.62 0.536 -1.27771 .6648749lgdpdfrati~w | .1590031 .2304884 0.69 0.490 -.2927459 .6107522 lpopau | 1.191419 1.709331 0.70 0.486 -2.158808 4.541646 lpop | -.2384386 .1183638 -2.01 0.044 -.4704274 -.0064498 lxrate1 | -.0419383 .0229043 -1.83 0.067 -.08683 .0029533 lremote | -.0296186 .1708685 -0.17 0.862 -.3645147 .3052775 ldist | -3.884126 .5177056 -7.50 0.000 -4.898811 -2.869442 lopen | -.0009667 .0501209 -0.02 0.985 -.0992018 .0972685 english | -.0369991 .293208 -0.13 0.900 -.6116762 .5376779 white | 15.31774 2.352352 6.51 0.000 10.70722 19.92827 lwhitemg | -1.097072 .2580972 -4.25 0.000 -1.602934 -.5912111 _cons | 20.64323 17.13665 1.20 0.228 -12.94398 54.23045------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000605 lgdp | -.000752 .00696 lgdpau | .000141 -.002312 .245586lgdpdfrati~w | -.001022 .002706 -.009927 .053125 lpopau | -.001305 .001731 -.819224 .054096 2.92181 lpop | .000216 -.006454 .000235 -.001077 -.004343 .01401 lxrate1 | -.000032 .000186 .001364 .001039 -.006503 -.000525 .000525 lremote | .000155 .002327 -.017477 -.003634 .051298 -.002748 -.000127 ldist | .002495 .003122 -.011146 -.001417 -.013048 .018773 -.000365 lopen | .000056 -.000216 -.002054 .001486 .00199 .000872 -.000015 english | -.001264 .00081 .00155 .002362 -.002984 .004244 .000598 white | .004058 -.035323 .036226 -.011243 -.234265 .062447 .000811 lwhitemg | -.000444 .001376 -.004426 .000358 .029205 -.004936 .00009 _cons | .004632 -.070255 7.45651 -.68978 -27.3087 -.163392 .077458

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .029196 ldist | .013555 .268019 lopen | .000054 .000826 .002512 english | -.000111 .057208 .000123 .085971 white | -.01032 .149835 .00009 .090409 5.53356 lwhitemg | .003519 -.019491 .000077 -.00932 -.596469 .066614 _cons | -.783809 -2.56151 .003235 -.633314 1.37723 -.165097 293.665

. log close log: K:\Roger-Australia\Robustness-1\Ecuador-Finland_Imports.log log type: text closed on: 18 Aug 2006, 07:06:30--------------------------------------------------------------------------------