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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- log: K:\Exports\Guatemala to Philippines.log opened on: 2 Aug 2006, 11:35:14 . *Dropping Guatemala . drop if ccode==533000 (10 observations deleted) . . *Descriptive stats after dropping . tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op > en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta > t) variable | N mean sd p50 min max -------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 491184.5 1561187 8397.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33459.58 117039.2 2986.5 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.73e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.6968 16.88997 102.8924 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.95e+07 1.54e+08 1.03e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1043.073 10901.71 16.2185 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6751.224 4143.94 6797 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13365.52 3532.247 14305 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7108124 .389085 .63975 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .38 .4856293 0 0 1 gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.05241 .1805537 1.017907 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050 --------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Page 1: btadesse/Research/Re…  · Web view · 2006-08-02log: K:\Exports\Guatemala to Philippines.log. opened on: 2 Aug 2006, 11:35:14 . *Dropping Guatemala. drop if ccode==533000 (10

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------log: K:\Exports\Guatemala to Philippines.logopened on: 2 Aug 2006, 11:35:14

. *Dropping Guatemala

. drop if ccode==533000(10 observations deleted)

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op> en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta> t)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 491184.5 1561187 8397.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33459.58 117039.2 2986.5 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.73e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.6968 16.88997 102.8924 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.95e+07 1.54e+08 1.03e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1043.073 10901.71 16.2185 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6751.224 4143.94 6797 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13365.52 3532.247 14305 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7108124 .389085 .63975 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .38 .4856293 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.05241 .1805537 1.017907 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" cou> ntries)--RHS Variables:. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remo> te dist phone open english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median > min max) col(stat)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 404931.8 1597580 3443.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14894.16 27126.61 1606 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.37e+11 1.00e+12 1.00e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 104.8239 17.24491 101.7385 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.34e+07 1.65e+08 1.05e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1182.941 11681.74 22.9426 .0068 270182.6

remote | 870 7179.37 4112.435 6955 1293 39620 dist | 870 13195.31 3421.532 14051 2410 17972 phone | 870 158.8076 242.0994 49.5 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7186137 .4104632 .63975 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3908046 .4882114 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.043958 .1853704 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

.

. **Regression of Exports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

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.

. **I. Aggregate Exports

. xtgls lrexp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7189.04Log likelihood = -1005.231 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5420736 .0381015 14.23 0.000 .4673962 .6167511 lgdp | 1.056919 .0371696 28.44 0.000 .9840681 1.12977 lgdpau | -3.303123 .8664748 -3.81 0.000 -5.001383 -1.604864lgdpdfrati~w | -1.777542 .3340464 -5.32 0.000 -2.432261 -1.122823 lpopau | 4.322193 3.023438 1.43 0.153 -1.603636 10.24802 lpop | .0026438 .0419434 0.06 0.950 -.0795637 .0848514 lxrate1 | .0058232 .0147961 0.39 0.694 -.0231766 .0348231 lremote | .1450245 .0840459 1.73 0.084 -.0197025 .3097514 ldist | -1.360334 .1431757 -9.50 0.000 -1.640953 -1.079715 lopen | .9016419 .0785318 11.48 0.000 .7477224 1.055561 english | .1929026 .0941708 2.05 0.041 .0083313 .3774739 white | 3.325462 .5818543 5.72 0.000 2.185048 4.465875 lwhitemg | -.4026505 .0524376 -7.68 0.000 -.5054263 -.2998747 _cons | 9.05161 28.06029 0.32 0.747 -45.94555 64.04877------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001452 lgdp | -.000805 .001382 lgdpau | -.003122 .002564 .750779lgdpdfrati~w | .00081 -.001085 -.024443 .111587 lpopau | .011951 -.010548 -2.57874 .134034 9.14117 lpop | .000069 -.000729 .000823 -.000095 -.006524 .001759 lxrate1 | -1.5e-06 .000189 -.000022 -.000064 -.000119 -.000068 .000219 lremote | -.000339 .001155 .004432 -.002412 -.024598 .000134 .000057 ldist | .003528 -.002013 -.00518 .004022 .01127 .002018 .000454 lopen | -.000578 .000345 .010465 -.001275 -.056977 .000906 -.000088 english | -.000724 .001464 -.0027 .000586 .017647 -.00101 .000479 white | .007371 -.001617 -.00662 -.008757 .001229 .010057 .00158 lwhitemg | -.000822 .000197 .00077 .000457 -.000679 -.000903 -.000132 _cons | -.142157 .102061 23.0822 -1.69839 -83.8533 .055756 -.006531

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .007064 ldist | .002296 .020499 lopen | .002355 .000748 .006167 english | .000193 .001338 -.003054 .008868 white | .016507 .034535 -.000211 .002969 .338554 lwhitemg | -.001193 -.003512 -2.9e-07 -.000018 -.030082 .00275 _cons | .184643 -.284499 .63357 -.258021 -.514999 .052644 787.38

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.

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6669.41Log likelihood = -1441.724 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3488369 .045884 7.60 0.000 .258906 .4387678 lgdp | 1.081709 .0673537 16.06 0.000 .9496976 1.213719 lgdpau | -.3819297 .5021847 -0.76 0.447 -1.366194 .6023343lgdpdfrati~w | -.2134688 .2985241 -0.72 0.475 -.7985653 .3716276 lpopau | 3.231148 1.811865 1.78 0.075 -.3200413 6.782337 lpop | .0362232 .0936722 0.39 0.699 -.1473709 .2198173 lxrate1 | -.0367448 .030121 -1.22 0.223 -.0957809 .0222914 lremote | -.2383321 .1656006 -1.44 0.150 -.5629033 .0862392 ldist | -3.126915 .3877681 -8.06 0.000 -3.886926 -2.366903 lopen | -.076392 .0542966 -1.41 0.159 -.1828114 .0300274 english | .6336913 .1836432 3.45 0.001 .2737573 .9936252 white | 7.850354 1.08648 7.23 0.000 5.720892 9.979816 lwhitemg | -.8476064 .1155414 -7.34 0.000 -1.074063 -.6211495 _cons | -34.13307 18.28141 -1.87 0.062 -69.96398 1.697844------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002105 lgdp | -.001609 .004537 lgdpau | .001144 -.001393 .25219lgdpdfrati~w | -.001894 .003161 -.024133 .089117 lpopau | -.005159 .003744 -.875202 .106849 3.28285 lpop | -.000102 -.004728 .003523 -.001344 -.018952 .008774 lxrate1 | .000137 .000378 .000606 .002684 -.006523 -.000551 .000907 lremote | .000121 .000239 -.021666 .002555 .091583 -.003444 .000623 ldist | .009154 -.010668 .004124 .002415 -.031624 .00532 .002232 lopen | .00005 -.00025 .002517 .001108 -.011654 .00114 -.000366 english | -.001134 -.001417 .005934 .004592 -.046341 .00316 .001704 white | .010672 -.025461 .021981 -.003262 -.15364 .031857 .001963 lwhitemg | -.001537 .001978 -.004515 .000533 .02275 -.002034 -.000148 _cons | -.004378 .050004 8.04897 -1.32766 -31.8565 .174026 .05885

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .027424 ldist | .003462 .150364 lopen | -.002051 .000853 .002948 english | -.004477 .001641 -.000669 .033725 white | -.011077 .058389 .002714 .039906 1.18044 lwhitemg | .004057 -.00719 -.000602 -.001797 -.120182 .01335 _cons | -1.18363 -.950847 .126754 .601151 1.50721 -.230372 334.21

.

.

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. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3526.05Log likelihood = -1555.152 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4648211 .0542977 8.56 0.000 .3583994 .5712427 lgdp | 1.090489 .0634749 17.18 0.000 .9660803 1.214898 lgdpau | 2.200306 2.040881 1.08 0.281 -1.799748 6.200359lgdpdfrati~w | -2.173239 .821152 -2.65 0.008 -3.782667 -.5638102 lpopau | -8.299637 7.025979 -1.18 0.237 -22.0703 5.471028 lpop | -.169243 .080203 -2.11 0.035 -.3264379 -.0120481 lxrate1 | -.0645737 .0282745 -2.28 0.022 -.1199908 -.0091566 lremote | .0655023 .2009489 0.33 0.744 -.3283503 .4593549 ldist | -2.245862 .2361347 -9.51 0.000 -2.708677 -1.783046 lopen | .0996171 .0912681 1.09 0.275 -.079265 .2784992 english | .6705275 .1842789 3.64 0.000 .3093474 1.031708 white | 2.702815 1.152992 2.34 0.019 .4429921 4.962639 lwhitemg | -.2618218 .1051446 -2.49 0.013 -.4679013 -.0557422 _cons | 83.22243 64.66251 1.29 0.198 -43.51375 209.9586------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002948 lgdp | -.002071 .004029 lgdpau | -.002827 .00565 4.1652lgdpdfrati~w | -.003624 .001558 -.206813 .674291 lpopau | .009625 -.027516 -14.1253 .964873 49.3644 lpop | .000242 -.003422 -.000853 .001282 .00577 .006433 lxrate1 | .000189 .000487 .000838 -.000433 -.006997 -.000839 .000799 lremote | .004165 -.002583 .002511 -.007953 -.027972 -.00022 .000876 ldist | .006575 -.006012 -.006916 .011874 .016393 .002918 .002888 lopen | -.000421 .000741 .015222 .00285 -.078169 .001237 -.000136 english | -.003179 .002619 .000187 .011046 .008324 -.003411 .001366 white | .020204 -.019467 .036379 -.120381 -.166611 .009979 .002402 lwhitemg | -.001832 .001298 -.003067 .01027 .013734 -.000206 -.000146 _cons | -.157371 .360072 125.225 -11.3715 -448.988 -.122263 .057212

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .04038 ldist | .020996 .05576 lopen | .00395 .000577 .00833 english | -.014741 .002728 -.00325 .033959 white | .078354 .029724 -.002773 -.015568 1.32939 lwhitemg | -.004575 -.000583 .000385 .001387 -.117843 .011055 _cons | -.106849 -.778358 .829183 -.054979 1.09526 -.125103 4181.24

.

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1220.28Log likelihood = -1646.92 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .6350444 .064596 9.83 0.000 .5084386 .7616502 lgdp | .6615797 .1084438 6.10 0.000 .4490338 .8741257 lgdpau | 1.176102 1.795384 0.66 0.512 -2.342785 4.694989lgdpdfrati~w | -.0997916 .6519552 -0.15 0.878 -1.3776 1.178017 lpopau | -10.37209 6.15355 -1.69 0.092 -22.43282 1.688649 lpop | .1468592 .1079334 1.36 0.174 -.0646864 .3584049 lxrate1 | .0767621 .043782 1.75 0.080 -.009049 .1625732 lremote | -1.054458 .3057864 -3.45 0.001 -1.653788 -.4551279 ldist | -.9140156 .5846934 -1.56 0.118 -2.059994 .2319624 lopen | .2432356 .1118336 2.17 0.030 .0240458 .4624253 english | .3137867 .3194099 0.98 0.326 -.3122453 .9398186 white | 12.48084 2.892859 4.31 0.000 6.810942 18.15074 lwhitemg | -1.42824 .296999 -4.81 0.000 -2.010347 -.8461326 _cons | 143.1422 57.525 2.49 0.013 30.39524 255.8891------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004173 lgdp | -.004699 .01176 lgdpau | .002709 -.004238 3.2234lgdpdfrati~w | -.006982 .013203 -.098888 .425046 lpopau | -.015506 .003153 -10.7812 .492607 37.8662 lpop | .000666 -.006362 -.001425 -.003062 .005938 .01165 lxrate1 | -.000111 .001343 .003326 .00374 -.025229 -.001343 .001917 lremote | .001908 .007292 -.051176 .007929 .139648 -.006362 -.000313 ldist | .020933 -.016592 -.006638 -.011104 -.071941 .012553 .001863 lopen | -.001053 .001339 -.017229 .003836 .030405 .001633 .000348 english | -.004463 .006156 .022364 .017392 -.10636 .005195 .004409 white | .017186 -.037772 .14642 -.031822 -.68878 .037465 .00403 lwhitemg | -.00169 .002505 -.017698 .002212 .081622 -.003025 -.000366 _cons | .049855 -.001496 94.9624 -6.2152 -346.49 -.162462 .297787

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .093505 ldist | .050359 .341866 lopen | .002929 -.00463 .012507 english | -.024096 .000591 -.00179 .102023 white | .001651 .009812 -.00598 .117981 8.36863 lwhitemg | .004006 -.002076 .00069 -.013055 -.847336 .088208 _cons | -2.33871 -2.26267 -.078397 1.13192 7.63406 -.903765 3309.13

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squares

Page 7: btadesse/Research/Re…  · Web view · 2006-08-02log: K:\Exports\Guatemala to Philippines.log. opened on: 2 Aug 2006, 11:35:14 . *Dropping Guatemala. drop if ccode==533000 (10

Panels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2137.15Log likelihood = -1445.882 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3768913 .0479318 7.86 0.000 .2829466 .470836 lgdp | .9028648 .0814146 11.09 0.000 .743295 1.062435 lgdpau | -.2484536 .4936052 -0.50 0.615 -1.215902 .7189949lgdpdfrati~w | .1930294 .2456652 0.79 0.432 -.2884656 .6745244 lpopau | -2.633421 1.747798 -1.51 0.132 -6.059043 .7922004 lpop | .1703187 .0997798 1.71 0.088 -.0252461 .3658835 lxrate1 | -.0038346 .0277714 -0.14 0.890 -.0582654 .0505963 lremote | -.2253079 .1594839 -1.41 0.158 -.5378906 .0872747 ldist | -2.216601 .46695 -4.75 0.000 -3.131806 -1.301395 lopen | .035476 .0506225 0.70 0.483 -.0637422 .1346943 english | 1.035393 .2463857 4.20 0.000 .5524858 1.5183 white | 11.15232 2.081138 5.36 0.000 7.073366 15.23128 lwhitemg | -1.110825 .2037824 -5.45 0.000 -1.510231 -.7114184 _cons | 52.00509 17.48469 2.97 0.003 17.73572 86.27446------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002297 lgdp | -.002431 .006628 lgdpau | .001344 -.003554 .243646lgdpdfrati~w | -.001869 .004364 -.024331 .060351 lpopau | -.006881 .012979 -.838354 .103413 3.0548 lpop | .000721 -.005757 .004802 -.00348 -.024378 .009956 lxrate1 | .000124 .00008 .001578 .001553 -.008366 -.000226 .000771 lremote | .000798 .000148 -.020585 .001992 .078059 -.003037 .000068 ldist | .007299 -.011281 .003133 -.001383 -.027957 .008997 .002592 lopen | -.000057 .000051 .00197 .001002 -.009219 .00069 -.000134 english | -.001941 -.000131 .009936 .00397 -.034672 .001065 .002042 white | .010049 -.02842 .021898 -.006114 -.135243 .033878 .010103 lwhitemg | -.00118 .001868 -.003362 .000475 .01787 -.002117 -.000895 _cons | .035374 -.067248 7.68248 -1.18629 -29.0565 .192517 .067996

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .025435 ldist | .009935 .218042 lopen | -.00146 -.000592 .002563 english | -.007462 .026901 -.000315 .060706 white | .034317 -.158572 -.004552 .017102 4.33113 lwhitemg | -.001255 .017179 .000207 .000334 -.419725 .041527 _cons | -1.03458 -1.73562 .109141 .088513 2.89011 -.361088 305.715

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000

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Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3118.39Log likelihood = -1572.26 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4244287 .0573146 7.41 0.000 .3120941 .5367632 lgdp | 1.194542 .070778 16.88 0.000 1.05582 1.333264 lgdpau | 1.908377 2.123274 0.90 0.369 -2.253164 6.069918lgdpdfrati~w | -2.348883 .8254971 -2.85 0.004 -3.966827 -.7309379 lpopau | -7.596487 7.307501 -1.04 0.299 -21.91893 6.725952 lpop | -.278312 .081843 -3.40 0.001 -.4387214 -.1179026 lxrate1 | -.0268408 .0285042 -0.94 0.346 -.082708 .0290265 lremote | .2057271 .1985145 1.04 0.300 -.1833541 .5948083 ldist | -2.173387 .2389278 -9.10 0.000 -2.641677 -1.705097 lopen | .1198721 .0995107 1.20 0.228 -.0751654 .3149095 english | .8384065 .2017328 4.16 0.000 .4430175 1.233795 white | 2.903986 1.161342 2.50 0.012 .6277978 5.180174 lwhitemg | -.2684082 .106205 -2.53 0.011 -.4765662 -.0602502 _cons | 76.82725 67.25791 1.14 0.253 -54.99584 208.6503------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003285 lgdp | -.002671 .00501 lgdpau | -.003639 .00661 4.50829lgdpdfrati~w | -.003855 .002463 -.213929 .681446 lpopau | .01336 -.032816 -15.2797 .968208 53.3996 lpop | .000947 -.004168 -.00117 -.000822 .00771 .006698 lxrate1 | .000021 .000666 .000809 .000468 -.00759 -.001015 .000812 lremote | .003726 -.002144 .000499 -.006592 -.02157 .001105 .000541 ldist | .00667 -.005654 -.008427 .011879 .018767 .003316 .002288 lopen | -.000525 .000785 .01605 .00339 -.085516 .001598 -.000183 english | -.004898 .005054 .002525 .01388 -.00466 -.00506 .0017 white | .01917 -.020705 .030447 -.115476 -.12651 .012512 .000063 lwhitemg | -.001772 .001439 -.002598 .010059 .010237 -.000407 .00007 _cons | -.19332 .406568 135.403 -11.2464 -485.672 -.149524 .075241

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .039408 ldist | .022456 .057086 lopen | .004329 .000611 .009902 english | -.014938 .002553 -.003556 .040696 white | .073433 .00786 -.003875 -.025988 1.34871 lwhitemg | -.004329 .001545 .000518 .002538 -.120003 .01128 _cons | -.194227 -.815992 .920713 .076983 .835376 -.102894 4523.63

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3003.64Log likelihood = -1533.735 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5499683 .0439875 12.50 0.000 .4637544 .6361822 lgdp | 1.09766 .0684268 16.04 0.000 .9635463 1.231774 lgdpau | -.446968 .6872176 -0.65 0.515 -1.79389 .8999537lgdpdfrati~w | -.4894126 .4846557 -1.01 0.313 -1.43932 .460495 lpopau | 2.181687 2.463729 0.89 0.376 -2.647133 7.010508 lpop | -.1490483 .0831844 -1.79 0.073 -.3120868 .0139901 lxrate1 | -.0338807 .0306682 -1.10 0.269 -.0939892 .0262278 lremote | -.7664715 .1939855 -3.95 0.000 -1.146676 -.386267 ldist | -2.033721 .3099163 -6.56 0.000 -2.641146 -1.426296 lopen | .0367348 .0729571 0.50 0.615 -.1062585 .179728 english | .7857687 .2348725 3.35 0.001 .3254271 1.24611 white | 5.797935 2.056653 2.82 0.005 1.76697 9.828901 lwhitemg | -.7950294 .2104342 -3.78 0.000 -1.207473 -.3825859 _cons | -18.58493 24.6499 -0.75 0.451 -66.89784 29.72798------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001935 lgdp | -.001895 .004682 lgdpau | .000163 -.003296 .472268lgdpdfrati~w | -.003335 .003807 -.058722 .234891 lpopau | -.000658 .005899 -1.63216 .304146 6.06996 lpop | .000115 -.003248 .003938 .000848 -.020809 .00692 lxrate1 | -.000318 .000691 .001406 .002789 -.010648 -.000313 .000941 lremote | .00162 .001492 -.028104 .002241 .119584 -.004348 .000164 ldist | .006378 -.009027 -.003694 .001175 -.008238 .010793 .000819 lopen | .000086 -.000822 -.000244 .005237 -.004944 .001776 -.000305 english | -.001098 .00141 .015897 .008078 -.101014 .003076 .003119 white | .008759 -.011736 .037611 -.008146 -.252168 .018532 .007187 lwhitemg | -.000767 .000765 -.004715 .001312 .028899 -.001537 -.000517 _cons | -.035093 .010466 15.0327 -3.8772 -58.9311 .142013 .114786

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .03763 ldist | .015637 .096048 lopen | -.002022 .001168 .005323 english | -.013597 .016094 -.001262 .055165 white | .009395 .064497 -.00236 .070169 4.22982 lwhitemg | .001349 -.004675 .000125 -.00693 -.427144 .044283 _cons | -1.70068 -.829445 .084116 1.11885 2.37765 -.308647 607.617

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Exports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrxnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 647.33Log likelihood = -1161.102 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4427246 .0667839 6.63 0.000 .3118307 .5736186

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lgdp | .4026643 .1066243 3.78 0.000 .1936846 .6116441 lgdpau | -3.228423 1.357932 -2.38 0.017 -5.88992 -.5669263lgdpdfrati~w | -1.579807 .6195026 -2.55 0.011 -2.79401 -.3656039 lpopau | 13.06066 4.651226 2.81 0.005 3.944422 22.17689 lpop | .09229 .1080304 0.85 0.393 -.1194457 .3040257 lxrate1 | -.111349 .0384317 -2.90 0.004 -.1866737 -.0360243 lremote | -.2786376 .3087291 -0.90 0.367 -.8837354 .3264603 ldist | -1.790155 .3955119 -4.53 0.000 -2.565344 -1.014966 lopen | -.1473063 .1503146 -0.98 0.327 -.4419174 .1473048 english | .6179756 .245625 2.52 0.012 .1365593 1.099392 white | 12.08017 1.348434 8.96 0.000 9.437283 14.72305 lwhitemg | -1.326552 .1150371 -11.53 0.000 -1.552021 -1.101084 _cons | -117.6477 43.29232 -2.72 0.007 -202.4991 -32.79632------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00446 lgdp | -.003995 .011369 lgdpau | -.004923 .007673 1.84398lgdpdfrati~w | -.003057 .003984 .036652 .383784 lpopau | .017156 -.042852 -6.14602 .034278 21.6339 lpop | .000064 -.00659 -.000091 -.000662 -.000105 .011671 lxrate1 | -.00019 .001947 .000369 .000212 -.0062 -.002064 .001477 lremote | .002667 -.000207 -.030705 -.053724 .00821 -.002129 .00173 ldist | .014062 -.009576 -.019461 -.011732 .024498 .008489 .001185 lopen | .000357 .000233 .008888 -.001491 -.085097 .004189 -.000893 english | -.00615 .010711 .008376 .013118 -.014109 -.004208 .002516 white | .019217 -.035743 -.017301 -.065973 .064226 .042467 -.006326 lwhitemg | -.00209 .001956 -.0018 .000236 .001102 -.003109 .000619 _cons | -.245991 .459629 53.8535 -1.4148 -197.254 -.082193 .049988

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .095314 ldist | .028198 .15643 lopen | .010198 .004573 .022594 english | -.014053 -.002257 -.011824 .060332 white | .043455 .134927 -.010171 .066318 1.81827 lwhitemg | .004973 -.014614 .000907 -.007405 -.144342 .013234 _cons | -.353915 -1.62398 .998542 -.034395 -2.23681 .145815 1874.22

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Exports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrxmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremot> e ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1279.69Log likelihood = -947.7749 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2335797 .0414566 5.63 0.000 .1523262 .3148332 lgdp | .3455804 .0878257 3.93 0.000 .1734452 .5177156 lgdpau | -2.725622 1.123055 -2.43 0.015 -4.926769 -.5244752lgdpdfrati~w | -4.415458 .4652962 -9.49 0.000 -5.327422 -3.503494 lpopau | 10.65145 3.879542 2.75 0.006 3.047684 18.25521

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lpop | .1457787 .0705407 2.07 0.039 .0075215 .2840359 lxrate1 | -.0727373 .0275922 -2.64 0.008 -.1268171 -.0186575 lremote | .49318 .1684681 2.93 0.003 .1629885 .8233715 ldist | -2.465682 .2258245 -10.92 0.000 -2.90829 -2.023074 lopen | -.0837092 .0527906 -1.59 0.113 -.1871767 .0197584 english | .3702067 .1525404 2.43 0.015 .0712331 .6691804 white | 9.174137 .7750361 11.84 0.000 7.655094 10.69318 lwhitemg | -.8324855 .0666648 -12.49 0.000 -.963146 -.7018249 _cons | -85.44912 36.08393 -2.37 0.018 -156.1723 -14.72591------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001719 lgdp | -.002498 .007713 lgdpau | -.002679 .006364 1.26125lgdpdfrati~w | -.002457 .005276 -.044755 .216501 lpopau | .011795 -.032178 -4.27556 .222279 15.0508 lpop | .001576 -.005342 -.002933 -.00323 .013758 .004976 lxrate1 | -.000206 .001338 .001063 .000727 -.007631 -.001003 .000761 lremote | .002155 -.004136 -.004636 -.012799 -.004031 .003304 .000016 ldist | .005539 -.008851 -.012716 -.009248 .053887 .006533 -.000705 lopen | -.000103 .000188 .00474 .001911 -.023838 .000666 -.000067 english | -.002017 .004343 .00193 .003636 -.003768 -.002055 .000627 white | .014817 -.030655 -.025071 -.032828 .078342 .031565 -.005694 lwhitemg | -.001112 .00138 .001073 .000784 -.003359 -.001895 .00034 _cons | -.173305 .402053 37.9672 -2.59525 -137.84 -.202841 .089023

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .028382 ldist | .018887 .050997 lopen | .000766 .000187 .002787 english | -.001534 .007256 -.00066 .023269 white | .060061 .070968 .002579 -.000915 .600681 lwhitemg | -.002677 -.00483 -.000339 .000018 -.048303 .004444 _cons | -.197959 -1.14024 .249329 -.11302 -1.70533 .102074 1302.05

.

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Exports

. xtgls lrxsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 751.10Log likelihood = -1429.352 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2987624 .0869397 3.44 0.001 .1283637 .4691612 lgdp | .4188342 .1414527 2.96 0.003 .1415921 .6960763 lgdpau | -.9483498 1.25144 -0.76 0.449 -3.401128 1.504428lgdpdfrati~w | -.9235145 .606788 -1.52 0.128 -2.112797 .2657681 lpopau | 10.49839 4.242067 2.47 0.013 2.184088 18.81268 lpop | -.087324 .1368972 -0.64 0.524 -.3556377 .1809896 lxrate1 | -.1114248 .0470839 -2.37 0.018 -.2037075 -.0191421 lremote | .3483397 .2607163 1.34 0.182 -.1626548 .8593341 ldist | -2.253816 .4544383 -4.96 0.000 -3.144499 -1.363134

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lopen | -.3857041 .1763034 -2.19 0.029 -.7312524 -.0401558 english | 1.443069 .3143654 4.59 0.000 .8269238 2.059213 white | 19.12029 1.828668 10.46 0.000 15.53617 22.70442 lwhitemg | -1.868426 .1748086 -10.69 0.000 -2.211045 -1.525808 _cons | -135.6879 39.59757 -3.43 0.001 -213.2977 -58.07808------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .007559 lgdp | -.009493 .020009 lgdpau | -.009958 .010388 1.5661lgdpdfrati~w | -.002869 -.002507 .127846 .368192 lpopau | .030973 -.028107 -5.12978 -.231549 17.9951 lpop | .003156 -.012109 -.000942 .002099 -.018959 .018741 lxrate1 | .000495 .001008 .000015 .000312 .002246 -.002008 .002217 lremote | .00297 .002103 -.041728 -.056437 .000643 -.000991 -.000727 ldist | .019244 -.02184 -.046718 -.034594 .073817 .02166 .002213 lopen | -.000659 -.000607 .008623 -.005585 -.097404 .007521 -.001054 english | -.010649 .008913 .01149 .004818 -.058765 .003261 .003379 white | .035209 -.075846 -.037939 -.04853 .016325 .079417 .002573 lwhitemg | -.003176 .005333 .000241 .000815 -.004404 -.00595 -.000304 _cons | -.337593 .171893 44.5167 .95297 -163.779 .110434 -.057039

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .067973 ldist | .046051 .206514 lopen | .011688 .005726 .031083 english | -.004706 .014582 -.006381 .098826 white | .038531 .163475 .002228 .110851 3.34403 lwhitemg | .000354 -.012879 .000526 -.00748 -.311669 .030558 _cons | .081475 -2.30399 1.16406 .333839 -.91791 .182681 1567.97

. xtgls lrxsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 869.44Log likelihood = -256.6451 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0000406 .014887 0.00 0.998 -.0291374 .0292186 lgdp | .0508766 .0387633 1.31 0.189 -.0250982 .1268514 lgdpau | .0391742 .2694627 0.15 0.884 -.488963 .5673115lgdpdfrati~w | -.122602 .14488 -0.85 0.397 -.4065615 .1613576 lpopau | 3.059096 .9714941 3.15 0.002 1.155003 4.96319 lpop | .2218864 .0483626 4.59 0.000 .1270974 .3166754 lxrate1 | -.0351546 .0133797 -2.63 0.009 -.0613784 -.0089309 lremote | -.0564423 .0950839 -0.59 0.553 -.2428032 .1299187 ldist | -3.301181 .3309844 -9.97 0.000 -3.949899 -2.652464 lopen | -.0371639 .0259776 -1.43 0.153 -.0880791 .0137513 english | 1.305949 .1489153 8.77 0.000 1.014081 1.597818 white | 19.62893 1.269765 15.46 0.000 17.14024 22.11762 lwhitemg | -1.581386 .1198932 -13.19 0.000 -1.816372 -1.3464 _cons | -23.54035 10.77665 -2.18 0.029 -44.6622 -2.418496------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000222 lgdp | -.000134 .001503 lgdpau | .000272 -.000885 .07261lgdpdfrati~w | -.000233 .000415 -.005817 .02099 lpopau | -.001264 .004522 -.247779 .027175 .943801 lpop | -.000083 -.001181 -9.8e-06 .000059 -.002778 .002339 lxrate1 | .000019 -.000014 .000323 .000327 -.002953 .000035 .000179 lremote | .000165 .000799 -.005944 -.000357 .017875 -.000132 .000088 ldist | .000998 .002195 -.00722 -.000123 .024836 -.000259 -.000364 lopen | .000028 -.000083 .000128 -9.2e-06 -.001928 .000122 -.000012 english | -.00027 .000409 -.001077 -.000415 .01142 .001002 -6.4e-06 white | .000656 -.005815 .001347 -.003441 -.027628 .009852 .000494 lwhitemg | -.000104 .000144 -.000284 .00025 .001602 -.000677 -1.8e-06 _cons | .006305 -.094665 2.35047 -.32565 -9.62119 .04028 .041952

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .009041 ldist | .010356 .109551 lopen | -.00005 -.000294 .000675 english | .001381 .018053 -.000377 .022176 white | .007301 .025465 -.000062 .031632 1.6123 lwhitemg | -.000353 -.004209 .000044 -.003522 -.147695 .014374 _cons | -.335962 -1.41501 .03209 -.372607 .083038 .032279 116.136

. xtgls lrxsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 795.01Log likelihood = -1315.483 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2110771 .0580962 3.63 0.000 .0972106 .3249436 lgdp | .7162556 .1159502 6.18 0.000 .4889974 .9435137 lgdpau | -5.194874 1.868768 -2.78 0.005 -8.857593 -1.532156lgdpdfrati~w | -.0484961 .8345626 -0.06 0.954 -1.684209 1.587217 lpopau | 15.44209 6.46846 2.39 0.017 2.764139 28.12003 lpop | .1017744 .1258896 0.81 0.419 -.1449646 .3485134 lxrate1 | -.0690438 .035734 -1.93 0.053 -.1390812 .0009935 lremote | -.9055839 .3334666 -2.72 0.007 -1.559166 -.2520014 ldist | -2.993779 .4366081 -6.86 0.000 -3.849515 -2.138043 lopen | -.3062309 .181335 -1.69 0.091 -.661641 .0491792 english | .1735731 .2698975 0.64 0.520 -.3554164 .7025625 white | 10.38075 1.520727 6.83 0.000 7.400184 13.36132 lwhitemg | -1.206563 .1581082 -7.63 0.000 -1.516449 -.8966762 _cons | -97.78646 60.38017 -1.62 0.105 -216.1294 20.55649------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003375 lgdp | -.004778 .013444

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lgdpau | -.004182 .008781 3.4923lgdpdfrati~w | -.005432 .006415 -.074343 .696495 lpopau | .018589 -.05656 -11.8055 .540259 41.841 lpop | .002201 -.009681 .002371 -.002934 -.01581 .015848 lxrate1 | -.000571 .001919 .001247 .003918 -.007829 -.001271 .001277 lremote | .004886 -.008938 -.017117 -.056433 .01802 .000386 -.005357 ldist | .01621 -.020048 -.012818 -.038489 -.015746 .013157 -.002701 lopen | -.000213 .000038 .020849 -.00429 -.16736 .007553 -.001468 english | -.001923 .006645 .002384 .016703 -.005635 -.000909 .003592 white | .030811 -.061238 -.031014 -.032482 .202482 .061883 -.003886 lwhitemg | -.002568 .003516 -.000078 -.002049 -.005616 -.004829 -.000236 _cons | -.335861 .840284 104.372 -6.96743 -383.823 .040785 .140685

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .1112 ldist | .048783 .190627 lopen | .017778 .01145 .032882 english | -.015744 .016878 -.009284 .072845 white | .061425 .194351 -.010063 .108288 2.31261 lwhitemg | .004993 -.01778 .001776 -.013418 -.230053 .024998 _cons | -1.04521 -1.43977 1.88172 -.165101 -4.71532 .239732 3645.76

. xtgls lrxsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 284.14Log likelihood = -722.4555 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0614173 .0437526 1.40 0.160 -.0243361 .1471708 lgdp | .141264 .1078925 1.31 0.190 -.0702015 .3527294 lgdpau | -.0321275 .866672 -0.04 0.970 -1.730773 1.666518lgdpdfrati~w | .2184883 .3002701 0.73 0.467 -.3700303 .8070068 lpopau | -1.603561 2.975363 -0.54 0.590 -7.435165 4.228043 lpop | .614344 .1182816 5.19 0.000 .3825163 .8461717 lxrate1 | .0319538 .0329109 0.97 0.332 -.0325505 .096458 lremote | -.2273318 .293701 -0.77 0.439 -.8029752 .3483115 ldist | -2.055427 .5752866 -3.57 0.000 -3.182968 -.9278857 lopen | .0053978 .0619476 0.09 0.931 -.1160172 .1268128 english | 1.520188 .3891256 3.91 0.000 .7575156 2.28286 white | 14.36964 2.436573 5.90 0.000 9.594048 19.14524 lwhitemg | -1.145585 .2235743 -5.12 0.000 -1.583783 -.7073875 _cons | 36.87029 28.65417 1.29 0.198 -19.29085 93.03143------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001914 lgdp | -.001529 .011641 lgdpau | .001624 -.001348 .75112lgdpdfrati~w | -.001562 .00239 -.026048 .090162 lpopau | -.01183 -.003798 -2.50833 .089583 8.85278 lpop | .000216 -.008707 -.001041 -.000346 .004473 .013991 lxrate1 | .00014 .000324 .001159 .002048 -.009532 -.00048 .001083 lremote | .00096 .006545 -.044063 -.014172 .140325 -.005068 -.000786 ldist | .007078 -.001409 -.004435 -.002792 -.042084 .009198 .002188

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lopen | .000151 -.000519 -.002385 .004303 .00445 .001116 -.000087 english | -.004256 -.008738 .007037 .008712 -.021655 .011976 .002548 white | .005053 -.060246 .045643 -.006159 -.174282 .072165 .001691 lwhitemg | -.000798 .003033 -.007953 -.000466 .033709 -.005252 -.000195 _cons | .101979 -.060214 22.3931 -.789188 -81.913 -.116647 .107165

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .08626 ldist | .026258 .330955 lopen | .000077 .000278 .003838 english | -.023167 .068319 -.000746 .151419 white | -.026282 .13765 .00399 .223975 5.93689 lwhitemg | .006604 -.017955 -.000274 -.020591 -.523265 .049985 _cons | -2.22961 -2.7415 -.023421 -.301038 .73175 -.214282 821.061

. xtgls lrxsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 233.74Log likelihood = -799.2088 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0016359 .040661 0.04 0.968 -.0780582 .0813301 lgdp | .0796695 .0792836 1.00 0.315 -.0757235 .2350626 lgdpau | .1086763 .6949539 0.16 0.876 -1.253408 1.470761lgdpdfrati~w | -.0010234 .2452108 -0.00 0.997 -.4816277 .4795809 lpopau | -.1698551 2.396146 -0.07 0.943 -4.866215 4.526505 lpop | .5293576 .0957017 5.53 0.000 .3417858 .7169295 lxrate1 | -.006911 .0218683 -0.32 0.752 -.0497721 .03595 lremote | .3246641 .2394452 1.36 0.175 -.14464 .7939681 ldist | -2.65263 .3948485 -6.72 0.000 -3.426519 -1.878741 lopen | .0223507 .0503137 0.44 0.657 -.0762625 .1209638 english | .6657874 .3296709 2.02 0.043 .0196443 1.311931 white | -.6323825 1.796903 -0.35 0.725 -4.154248 2.889483 lwhitemg | .1295148 .1778517 0.73 0.466 -.2190681 .4780977 _cons | 13.63048 23.39874 0.58 0.560 -32.2302 59.49116------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001653 lgdp | -.001141 .006286 lgdpau | -.000309 .001031 .482961lgdpdfrati~w | -.000215 .000318 -.035905 .060128 lpopau | -.005483 -.003692 -1.61285 .118005 5.74152 lpop | -.000104 -.004418 -.000594 -.00074 -.007486 .009159 lxrate1 | .000154 .000012 -.000324 .001336 -.003083 -.000176 .000478 lremote | .002322 .003136 -.028118 -.008339 .087947 -.0028 -.000248 ldist | .004607 -.002894 -.016816 -.001888 .042186 .001057 .000508 lopen | -.000082 .000301 .002569 .000336 -.011032 .000552 -.000022 english | -.003584 -.002988 .000129 .002462 .012225 .002518 .000727 white | .004867 -.029882 -.005724 -.012237 -.06953 .036276 .002213 lwhitemg | -.000573 .001593 -.002197 .000602 .016319 -.002358 -.00018 _cons | .054499 -.031488 14.5154 -.983236 -54.0068 .111493 .055776

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| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .057334 ldist | .03011 .155905 lopen | .000367 -.000899 .002531 english | -.011686 .04372 -.001435 .108683 white | .031139 .027588 -.000995 .131274 3.22886 lwhitemg | -.000139 -.001394 .0001 -.011782 -.309717 .031631 _cons | -1.53659 -1.99293 .106824 -.503587 .816028 -.192459 547.501

. xtgls lrxsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 561.26Log likelihood = -1080.15 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1081755 .0752448 1.44 0.151 -.0393015 .2556525 lgdp | .6215294 .1354326 4.59 0.000 .3560863 .8869724 lgdpau | -.4912161 .9276873 -0.53 0.596 -2.30945 1.327017lgdpdfrati~w | -.8506707 .3968447 -2.14 0.032 -1.628472 -.0728695 lpopau | 6.977992 3.138687 2.22 0.026 .8262797 13.12971 lpop | .244659 .1250053 1.96 0.050 -.0003469 .489665 lxrate1 | -.1541526 .0355726 -4.33 0.000 -.2238735 -.0844317 lremote | .1770195 .2497337 0.71 0.478 -.3124497 .6664886 ldist | -3.046939 .4398965 -6.93 0.000 -3.909121 -2.184758 lopen | .1446924 .0971617 1.49 0.136 -.045741 .3351259 english | .6861821 .2609089 2.63 0.009 .17481 1.197554 white | 12.68385 1.921172 6.60 0.000 8.918417 16.44927 lwhitemg | -1.22266 .1823391 -6.71 0.000 -1.580038 -.8652821 _cons | -89.154 29.63659 -3.01 0.003 -147.2406 -31.06736------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005662 lgdp | -.005985 .018342 lgdpau | -.006555 .006566 .860604lgdpdfrati~w | -.000827 -.002077 .045171 .157486 lpopau | .02151 -.031811 -2.81897 -.081069 9.85135 lpop | .001266 -.011559 .000371 .00234 .000516 .015626 lxrate1 | .000546 .001068 -.001075 .00005 .001597 -.001377 .001265 lremote | .001412 .006535 -.040203 -.031857 .044025 -.006722 .002144 ldist | .014655 -.009119 -.03043 -.008584 .098029 .002381 .000926 lopen | -.000057 .000414 .005695 .001433 -.041422 .001938 -.000483 english | -.005178 .016308 -.000055 -.004694 -.006797 -.011872 -.000369 white | .031047 -.050473 -.073827 -.04791 .14023 .046786 -.001681 lwhitemg | -.002876 .002245 .002761 .001664 -.006127 -.002327 .000049 _cons | -.256783 .181092 24.6744 .378357 -90.2006 .029335 -.035612

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .062367 ldist | .025887 .193509 lopen | .002876 -.000138 .00944 english | .009617 .029642 -.004125 .068073

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white | .060494 .112042 -.003804 .038604 3.6909 lwhitemg | -.001444 -.012302 .00016 -.006046 -.339275 .033248 _cons | -.495689 -2.82368 .482824 -.417674 -1.76393 .165567 878.327

. xtgls lrxsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 776.26Log likelihood = -1157.221 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2697011 .0753618 3.58 0.000 .1219946 .4174075 lgdp | .580132 .1100069 5.27 0.000 .3645225 .7957415 lgdpau | .4162236 1.346121 0.31 0.757 -2.222124 3.054571lgdpdfrati~w | -1.319717 .6057269 -2.18 0.029 -2.50692 -.1325143 lpopau | 1.842096 4.577518 0.40 0.687 -7.129675 10.81387 lpop | -.0120476 .1182279 -0.10 0.919 -.2437701 .2196749 lxrate1 | -.0401205 .0375328 -1.07 0.285 -.1136834 .0334424 lremote | .4124973 .2988583 1.38 0.168 -.1732541 .9982488 ldist | -2.62152 .4346215 -6.03 0.000 -3.473362 -1.769678 lopen | -.0877782 .1004483 -0.87 0.382 -.2846532 .1090968 english | 1.100963 .2840976 3.88 0.000 .5441416 1.657784 white | 11.67832 1.303152 8.96 0.000 9.124193 14.23245 lwhitemg | -1.151636 .1254503 -9.18 0.000 -1.397514 -.9057575 _cons | -29.03976 42.56957 -0.68 0.495 -112.4746 54.39508------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005679 lgdp | -.005309 .012102 lgdpau | -.008072 .010198 1.81204lgdpdfrati~w | -.00516 .004202 .063267 .366905 lpopau | .022644 -.03615 -5.99702 -.039918 20.9537 lpop | .000904 -.008643 -.002683 -.000069 .006031 .013978 lxrate1 | .000581 .000682 -.000695 -.000489 -.002822 -.001167 .001409 lremote | .005418 -.002146 -.039925 -.058411 .012548 -.002002 .002085 ldist | .01565 -.01056 -.036224 -.033667 .081903 .004143 .001045 lopen | -.000203 .000885 .005387 -.001601 -.043201 .001055 -.000306 english | -.006135 .010131 .006826 .001396 -.008689 -.005135 -.000674 white | .028751 -.05089 -.070784 -.047527 .143674 .054561 -.001108 lwhitemg | -.002425 .002961 .002545 -.000506 -.008829 -.003749 .000171 _cons | -.285867 .338588 52.4367 -.611647 -190.647 -.077484 .03242

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .089316 ldist | .05143 .188896 lopen | .005255 .002059 .01009 english | .001143 .031663 -.003712 .080711 white | .085774 .12317 -.007276 .027226 1.6982 lwhitemg | -.001535 -.011242 .000455 -.003728 -.155722 .015738 _cons | -.327707 -2.55491 .486784 -.476364 -2.32094 .210398 1812.17

. xtgls lrxsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 430.39Log likelihood = -1188.582 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1988886 .0510612 3.90 0.000 .0988105 .2989666 lgdp | .31866 .0997956 3.19 0.001 .1230642 .5142558 lgdpau | -2.017909 1.327854 -1.52 0.129 -4.620455 .5846369lgdpdfrati~w | -2.131778 .6081442 -3.51 0.000 -3.323719 -.9398374 lpopau | 6.372983 4.533977 1.41 0.160 -2.513448 15.25941 lpop | .1099445 .0785909 1.40 0.162 -.0440909 .2639798 lxrate1 | -.1152429 .0372524 -3.09 0.002 -.1882563 -.0422295 lremote | 1.001164 .2599861 3.85 0.000 .4916006 1.510727 ldist | -1.435242 .4253249 -3.37 0.001 -2.268863 -.6016203 lopen | .0033607 .1198467 0.03 0.978 -.2315345 .2382559 english | .5106365 .1853472 2.76 0.006 .1473626 .8739103 white | 7.461939 1.35172 5.52 0.000 4.812617 10.11126 lwhitemg | -.6013599 .1299773 -4.63 0.000 -.8561106 -.3466091 _cons | -49.38195 42.08999 -1.17 0.241 -131.8768 33.11293------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002607 lgdp | -.002493 .009959 lgdpau | -.003997 .006733 1.7632lgdpdfrati~w | -.001797 .000995 .088879 .369839 lpopau | .014232 -.038571 -5.87849 -.158495 20.5569 lpop | .000535 -.005267 -.000882 -.001442 .003552 .006177 lxrate1 | .000261 .001422 .000788 .000708 -.005619 -.001488 .001388 lremote | .001224 -.000491 -.02938 -.047137 .047397 .001905 -.000782 ldist | .012575 -.006459 -.027865 -.028361 .047721 .006365 .001967 lopen | -.000138 .000803 .008328 -.00057 -.063808 .002954 -.000447 english | -.002925 .004681 .007772 .007217 -.025457 .001567 .00075 white | .013427 -.03025 -.032155 -.062396 .087005 .031965 -.004949 lwhitemg | -.001453 .000975 -.000372 .001301 .003338 -.001965 .000067 _cons | -.228344 .395287 51.5759 .60236 -186.883 -.085959 .045121

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .067593 ldist | .043443 .180901 lopen | .006406 .008728 .014363 english | -.00827 -.000073 -.001739 .034354 white | .05475 .118785 .005443 .047185 1.82715 lwhitemg | .000656 -.012136 -.000592 -.005126 -.166642 .016894 _cons | -.992903 -2.16833 .649969 .153399 -2.05917 .082472 1771.57

. xtgls lrxsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

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Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 515.03Log likelihood = -998.8165 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .116918 .0506651 2.31 0.021 .0176163 .2162198 lgdp | .5293901 .0970741 5.45 0.000 .3391284 .7196519 lgdpau | -1.457885 1.408049 -1.04 0.300 -4.217611 1.301841lgdpdfrati~w | -1.27728 .5615843 -2.27 0.023 -2.377965 -.176595 lpopau | 4.976519 4.83653 1.03 0.304 -4.502905 14.45594 lpop | .0599916 .0918386 0.65 0.514 -.1200086 .2399919 lxrate1 | -.0560307 .0384537 -1.46 0.145 -.1313986 .0193373 lremote | -.7508591 .2943782 -2.55 0.011 -1.32783 -.1738884 ldist | -3.116418 .4334814 -7.19 0.000 -3.966026 -2.266811 lopen | -.0568727 .1080908 -0.53 0.599 -.2687268 .1549814 english | .5132898 .19805 2.59 0.010 .1251188 .9014607 white | 10.72965 1.704577 6.29 0.000 7.388738 14.07056 lwhitemg | -1.085792 .1516839 -7.16 0.000 -1.383087 -.7884971 _cons | -15.93718 45.21901 -0.35 0.725 -104.5648 72.69046------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002567 lgdp | -.002597 .009423 lgdpau | -.003353 .006357 1.9826lgdpdfrati~w | -.001271 .000816 -.035073 .315377 lpopau | .011671 -.030914 -6.65899 .192941 23.392 lpop | -.000043 -.005389 -.000919 -.000015 .003851 .008434 lxrate1 | -.000012 .001544 .001505 .001504 -.01071 -.00146 .001479 lremote | .003387 -.000992 -.017087 -.034455 .038658 -.000778 -.001341 ldist | .011561 -.008262 -.022726 -.015688 .062371 .001344 -.00073 lopen | -.000277 .000142 .008122 .004256 -.057532 .002248 -.000126 english | -.003094 .004896 .005838 .006003 -.018398 -.002215 .002137 white | .011939 -.032653 .022206 -.024317 -.01988 .032965 -.005584 lwhitemg | -.001003 .001103 -.003637 -.000414 .008383 -.001972 .000282 _cons | -.199646 .315343 58.7428 -2.1686 -214.025 -.05221 .138759

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .086659 ldist | .050207 .187906 lopen | .004367 .001382 .011684 english | -.017881 .004102 -.003388 .039224 white | .035178 .105748 -.002427 .027935 2.90558 lwhitemg | .001791 -.009611 .000303 -.003228 -.249834 .023008 _cons | -1.37059 -2.55788 .65918 .182203 -1.42031 .046971 2044.76

. xtgls lrxsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 804.25Log likelihood = -1561.59 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4260789 .0676433 6.30 0.000 .2935005 .5586573 lgdp | .1985114 .125415 1.58 0.113 -.0472975 .4443204 lgdpau | -2.699949 1.836981 -1.47 0.142 -6.300366 .9004686lgdpdfrati~w | -1.375462 .6302849 -2.18 0.029 -2.610798 -.1401262 lpopau | 19.85985 6.269863 3.17 0.002 7.571143 32.14856 lpop | .4936202 .1185971 4.16 0.000 .2611742 .7260662 lxrate1 | -.1415961 .0430868 -3.29 0.001 -.2260447 -.0571476 lremote | .3812521 .31253 1.22 0.223 -.2312955 .9937997 ldist | -1.941012 .4427465 -4.38 0.000 -2.808779 -1.073244 lopen | -.1334095 .1379777 -0.97 0.334 -.4038408 .1370218 english | .1940652 .2746398 0.71 0.480 -.344219 .7323493 white | 16.96302 2.519901 6.73 0.000 12.02411 21.90194 lwhitemg | -1.616713 .2442452 -6.62 0.000 -2.095425 -1.138001 _cons | -252.7761 58.05074 -4.35 0.000 -366.5534 -138.9987------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004576 lgdp | -.005141 .015729 lgdpau | -.006242 .008742 3.3745lgdpdfrati~w | -.002757 .00354 -.038336 .397259 lpopau | .018772 -.040522 -11.2586 .167639 39.3112 lpop | .001635 -.010508 -.003107 -.00202 .006379 .014065 lxrate1 | -.000171 .001807 -.000635 .003237 -.006408 -.0015 .001856 lremote | .005274 -.002153 -.044262 -.022493 .039255 .002039 .001162 ldist | .016714 -.012438 -.034608 -.003294 .087256 .010017 -.000598 lopen | -.000373 -.00035 .007801 .008157 -.052846 .003826 -.0003 english | -.004 .010292 .008002 .002628 -.04688 -.005419 .001948 white | .017683 -.044756 -.053097 -.056938 -.096082 .054252 .00444 lwhitemg | -.001341 .001553 .000137 .001965 .015033 -.002703 -.000416 _cons | -.287127 .40845 98.8802 -1.98684 -357.551 -.122107 .091545

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .097675 ldist | .04789 .196024 lopen | .006656 .004724 .019038 english | -.011591 .026434 -.005058 .075427 white | .13732 -.004584 .000798 -.015976 6.3499 lwhitemg | -.00481 .001595 .00017 .000974 -.604317 .059656 _cons | -.78656 -2.80191 .525076 .258012 1.89957 -.209318 3369.89

.

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. clear

. insheet using k:\book1.txt(104 vars, 1010 obs)

. *Dropping Israel

. drop if ccode==533720(10 observations deleted)

.

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op> en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta> t)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 489323.9 1561658 7348 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33396.32 117055.5 2790 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.78e+11 9.70e+11 1.63e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.6963 16.93296 102.8924 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.95e+07 1.54e+08 1.04e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1043.093 10901.71 16.2185 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6755.952 4142.126 6797 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13364.16 3532.063 14305 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7075686 .3897884 .63155 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .38 .4856293 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.05243 .1811138 1.017907 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" cou> ntries)--RHS Variables:. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remo> te dist phone open english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median > min max) col(stat)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 402793.2 1597994 2944.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14821.46 27157.29 1403.5 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.36e+11 1.00e+12 1.00e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 104.8234 17.29328 101.7385 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.35e+07 1.65e+08 1.07e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1182.964 11681.74 22.9426 .0068 270182.6 remote | 870 7184.805 4109.766 6955 1293 39620 dist | 870 13193.75 3421.236 14051 2410 17972 phone | 870 152.1407 235.2016 47.025 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7148852 .4112982 .6248 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3908046 .4882114 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.043981 .1859984 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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.

.

. **Regression of Exports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Exports

. xtgls lrexp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7035.44Log likelihood = -1018.82 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5378829 .0383918 14.01 0.000 .4626363 .6131296 lgdp | 1.056163 .0374142 28.23 0.000 .9828326 1.129494 lgdpau | -3.338738 .8784629 -3.80 0.000 -5.060493 -1.616982lgdpdfrati~w | -1.797591 .3375108 -5.33 0.000 -2.4591 -1.136082 lpopau | 4.546687 3.061862 1.48 0.138 -1.454453 10.54783 lpop | .0113538 .0422003 0.27 0.788 -.0713573 .0940649 lxrate1 | .0055128 .0149924 0.37 0.713 -.0238717 .0348974 lremote | .1398006 .0831515 1.68 0.093 -.0231733 .3027746 ldist | -1.372995 .1442503 -9.52 0.000 -1.655721 -1.09027 lopen | .888801 .0787966 11.28 0.000 .7343624 1.04324 english | .2120978 .0953775 2.22 0.026 .0251614 .3990341 white | 3.368135 .5795831 5.81 0.000 2.232173 4.504097 lwhitemg | -.404833 .0521854 -7.76 0.000 -.5071146 -.3025514 _cons | 6.321259 28.39645 0.22 0.824 -49.33475 61.97727------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001474 lgdp | -.00083 .0014 lgdpau | -.003095 .002584 .771697lgdpdfrati~w | .000779 -.001051 -.024904 .113914 lpopau | .011807 -.01061 -2.64754 .136176 9.375 lpop | .000059 -.000719 .00078 -.0001 -.006243 .001781 lxrate1 | 1.1e-06 .000192 -1.9e-06 -.000046 -.000261 -.000064 .000225 lremote | -.000327 .001159 .004378 -.002322 -.024187 .000115 .000081 ldist | .003582 -.002085 -.005098 .004002 .010714 .002005 .000478 lopen | -.000545 .000324 .010386 -.001357 -.056621 .000863 -.000077 english | -.00078 .001449 -.002768 .000787 .018146 -.00085 .000478 white | .007277 -.001577 -.00721 -.008433 .004833 .010342 .001723 lwhitemg | -.000815 .000195 .000815 .000442 -.000955 -.000918 -.000144 _cons | -.140409 .102763 23.6746 -1.72559 -85.93 .051825 -.005322

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .006914 ldist | .002388 .020808 lopen | .002303 .000901 .006209 english | .000074 .00114 -.00318 .009097

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white | .016016 .034377 -.000827 .004274 .335917 lwhitemg | -.001168 -.003487 .000045 -.000115 -.02982 .002723 _cons | .179706 -.279434 .629873 -.264031 -.560712 .055971 806.358

.

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6380.31Log likelihood = -1454.691 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3287158 .0451316 7.28 0.000 .2402595 .4171721 lgdp | 1.078253 .0667743 16.15 0.000 .9473783 1.209129 lgdpau | -.354468 .4998514 -0.71 0.478 -1.334159 .6252226lgdpdfrati~w | -.1993869 .2917308 -0.68 0.494 -.7711687 .372395 lpopau | 3.25845 1.803706 1.81 0.071 -.2767497 6.793649 lpop | .0661495 .0928432 0.71 0.476 -.11582 .2481189 lxrate1 | -.0373832 .0299233 -1.25 0.212 -.0960318 .0212654 lremote | -.2336146 .1646365 -1.42 0.156 -.5562963 .0890671 ldist | -3.142576 .3858128 -8.15 0.000 -3.898755 -2.386397 lopen | -.0779872 .0539755 -1.44 0.148 -.1837773 .0278029 english | .7018876 .1836363 3.82 0.000 .341967 1.061808 white | 7.897482 1.083426 7.29 0.000 5.774005 10.02096 lwhitemg | -.8394305 .1151507 -7.29 0.000 -1.065122 -.6137393 _cons | -35.53922 18.20425 -1.95 0.051 -71.21889 .1404438------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002037 lgdp | -.001542 .004459 lgdpau | .001127 -.001385 .249851lgdpdfrati~w | -.001797 .003013 -.023305 .085107 lpopau | -.004974 .00371 -.866769 .102488 3.25336 lpop | -.000133 -.004637 .003448 -.001275 -.018948 .00862 lxrate1 | .000139 .000361 .000578 .002645 -.0063 -.000532 .000895 lremote | .000105 .000301 -.021353 .002733 .090877 -.003459 .000632 ldist | .008672 -.010042 .003847 .002787 -.031912 .005222 .00222 lopen | .000044 -.000233 .002483 .001013 -.011539 .001097 -.000364 english | -.001249 -.001348 .005824 .004268 -.047015 .003389 .001595 white | .010062 -.024891 .021806 -.00319 -.15354 .031459 .001865 lwhitemg | -.001477 .001913 -.004448 .000533 .022558 -.001991 -.000144 _cons | -.002921 .044019 7.97045 -1.27581 -31.575 .177247 .056174

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .027105 ldist | .003326 .148852 lopen | -.002008 .000756 .002913 english | -.004672 .001859 -.000639 .033722 white | -.01171 .055404 .002624 .039805 1.17381 lwhitemg | .004039 -.006896 -.000584 -.001787 -.119446 .01326 _cons | -1.17699 -.933446 .126599 .610985 1.54161 -.231154 331.395

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.

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3461.75Log likelihood = -1564.573 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4535139 .0541061 8.38 0.000 .3474679 .5595599 lgdp | 1.082744 .064148 16.88 0.000 .9570166 1.208472 lgdpau | 2.137543 2.055567 1.04 0.298 -1.891295 6.16638lgdpdfrati~w | -2.279179 .8224191 -2.77 0.006 -3.891091 -.6672672 lpopau | -7.995942 7.073982 -1.13 0.258 -21.86069 5.868809 lpop | -.1480431 .0799668 -1.85 0.064 -.3047753 .008689 lxrate1 | -.0679836 .02797 -2.43 0.015 -.1228039 -.0131633 lremote | .0586519 .2004572 0.29 0.770 -.3342369 .4515407 ldist | -2.261103 .2349983 -9.62 0.000 -2.721691 -1.800515 lopen | .0895249 .0902954 0.99 0.321 -.0874508 .2665006 english | .6838123 .1856044 3.68 0.000 .3200344 1.04759 white | 2.801992 1.156166 2.42 0.015 .5359483 5.068035 lwhitemg | -.2648021 .1055239 -2.51 0.012 -.4716251 -.0579792 _cons | 80.05012 65.06144 1.23 0.219 -47.46796 207.5682------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1

-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002927 lgdp | -.002132 .004115 lgdpau | -.002689 .00567 4.22536lgdpdfrati~w | -.003775 .001538 -.200999 .676373 lpopau | .009239 -.027722 -14.3263 .945638 50.0412 lpop | .000341 -.003463 -.000973 .001482 .006483 .006395 lxrate1 | .000148 .000488 .000884 -.000499 -.007067 -.000806 .000782 lremote | .004348 -.002555 .003455 -.007501 -.031249 -.000414 .000929 ldist | .006407 -.00612 -.006049 .011491 .0144 .003169 .002734 lopen | -.000395 .00074 .01535 .002964 -.078 .001167 -.00013 english | -.003142 .002681 .000107 .011073 .008411 -.003579 .001416 white | .021295 -.019665 .0388 -.122204 -.176105 .008894 .002634 lwhitemg | -.001891 .001319 -.003252 .010526 .014457 -.000147 -.000146 _cons | -.154461 .362794 126.96 -11.2091 -454.878 -.130965 .057918

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .040183 ldist | .021515 .055224 lopen | .003896 .000577 .008153 english | -.015006 .003186 -.003185 .034449 white | .07897 .030909 -.002674 -.016896 1.33672 lwhitemg | -.004703 -.000539 .00037 .001449 -.118741 .011135 _cons | -.07975 -.76758 .824105 -.055317 1.18979 -.132902 4232.99

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.

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1189.17Log likelihood = -1647.628 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .6301802 .0644665 9.78 0.000 .5038283 .7565322 lgdp | .6999146 .1125772 6.22 0.000 .4792674 .9205618 lgdpau | 1.208913 1.802319 0.67 0.502 -2.323567 4.741394lgdpdfrati~w | -.0820301 .6530749 -0.13 0.900 -1.362033 1.197973 lpopau | -10.27785 6.176445 -1.66 0.096 -22.38346 1.827765 lpop | .1136714 .1133507 1.00 0.316 -.1084919 .3358348 lxrate1 | .064244 .0441077 1.46 0.145 -.0222055 .1506935 lremote | -1.015164 .307679 -3.30 0.001 -1.618203 -.4121238 ldist | -.9307001 .5830146 -1.60 0.110 -2.073388 .2119876 lopen | .2512542 .112212 2.24 0.025 .0313226 .4711857 english | .203654 .3282379 0.62 0.535 -.4396804 .8469884 white | 12.03084 2.898061 4.15 0.000 6.35075 17.71094 lwhitemg | -1.400521 .2966912 -4.72 0.000 -1.982025 -.8190172

_cons | 140.3136 57.74166 2.43 0.015 27.142 253.4851------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004156 lgdp | -.004648 .012674 lgdpau | .002488 -.004682 3.24835lgdpdfrati~w | -.007017 .012996 -.097397 .426507 lpopau | -.014846 .005189 -10.8631 .487757 38.1485 lpop | .000635 -.00742 -.00057 -.002838 .002569 .012848 lxrate1 | -.000143 .001137 .003475 .00378 -.02549 -.001086 .001945 lremote | .001944 .008467 -.052225 .007529 .143417 -.007748 -.000607 ldist | .02067 -.016388 -.007861 -.011308 -.067049 .012606 .001599 lopen | -.001059 .001511 -.01714 .00372 .030384 .001466 .000298 english | -.004714 .003899 .024486 .017867 -.112388 .0079 .004842 white | .01658 -.046293 .154762 -.029988 -.72288 .047489 .00601 lwhitemg | -.001659 .002968 -.018301 .002113 .084222 -.003577 -.000475 _cons | .046687 -.037573 95.6811 -6.16912 -349.093 -.115251 .303603

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .094666 ldist | .049958 .339906 lopen | .003208 -.004629 .012592 english | -.02744 -.000112 -.002296 .10774 white | -.009421 .008022 -.007705 .138341 8.39876 lwhitemg | .004604 -.001957 .000794 -.01414 -.84717 .088026 _cons | -2.38116 -2.29215 -.083396 1.21585 8.11031 -.938246 3334.1

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Exports (liberal)

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. xtgls lrrefp_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2226.74Log likelihood = -1459.502 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3690334 .046892 7.87 0.000 .2771269 .46094 lgdp | .9137572 .0792039 11.54 0.000 .7585204 1.068994 lgdpau | -.200135 .4965896 -0.40 0.687 -1.173433 .7731628lgdpdfrati~w | .1878526 .2469362 0.76 0.447 -.2961335 .6718387 lpopau | -2.637662 1.758918 -1.50 0.134 -6.085079 .8097542 lpop | .1638318 .0973 1.68 0.092 -.0268727 .3545363 lxrate1 | -.0012335 .0277516 -0.04 0.965 -.0556257 .0531586 lremote | -.2374139 .1578238 -1.50 0.133 -.5467429 .0719152 ldist | -2.195124 .4540548 -4.83 0.000 -3.085055 -1.305193 lopen | .0326967 .0509659 0.64 0.521 -.0671946 .1325881 english | 1.027552 .2382515 4.31 0.000 .5605874 1.494516 white | 11.01073 2.063517 5.34 0.000 6.966312 15.05515 lwhitemg | -1.102447 .2025507 -5.44 0.000 -1.499439 -.7054552 _cons | 50.62339 17.52571 2.89 0.004 16.27362 84.97315------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002199 lgdp | -.002342 .006273 lgdpau | .001162 -.00316 .246601lgdpdfrati~w | -.001832 .004103 -.024188 .060978 lpopau | -.006257 .011794 -.848625 .103218 3.09379 lpop | .000741 -.005528 .004634 -.003245 -.023593 .009467 lxrate1 | .000104 .000098 .00154 .001564 -.008312 -.000221 .00077 lremote | .000876 .000071 -.019979 .001946 .076338 -.003076 .000071 ldist | .006978 -.011875 .00392 -.001452 -.030817 .009673 .002621 lopen | -.000071 .000068 .001892 .001033 -.008997 .000702 -.000141 english | -.001622 -.000359 .010475 .004177 -.037061 .000719 .002169 white | .010334 -.025632 .020154 -.004166 -.127732 .029663 .010034 lwhitemg | -.001167 .001667 -.003147 .000349 .016889 -.001821 -.000882 _cons | .030219 -.04738 7.75683 -1.18446 -29.3786 .180247 .067397

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .024908 ldist | .009084 .206166 lopen | -.001376 -.000581 .002598 english | -.007786 .025864 -.000293 .056764 white | .034353 -.138006 -.004442 .017596 4.2581 lwhitemg | -.00135 .015498 .000208 .000124 -.413902 .041027 _cons | -1.00681 -1.58308 .10615 .136059 2.61595 -.333625 307.151

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2995.72Log likelihood = -1581.992 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .410531 .0573485 7.16 0.000 .29813 .5229321 lgdp | 1.196657 .0717385 16.68 0.000 1.056052 1.337261 lgdpau | 1.81149 2.141923 0.85 0.398 -2.386602 6.009582lgdpdfrati~w | -2.461975 .8272837 -2.98 0.003 -4.083421 -.8405282 lpopau | -7.213213 7.369468 -0.98 0.328 -21.65711 7.23068 lpop | -.2632925 .082238 -3.20 0.001 -.4244759 -.102109 lxrate1 | -.0294656 .028395 -1.04 0.299 -.0851187 .0261875 lremote | .2081749 .1991299 1.05 0.296 -.1821125 .5984623 ldist | -2.178595 .2399911 -9.08 0.000 -2.648969 -1.708221 lopen | .1150015 .0992525 1.16 0.247 -.0795299 .3095328 english | .8575784 .2031784 4.22 0.000 .4593561 1.255801 white | 2.977818 1.166694 2.55 0.011 .6911407 5.264496 lwhitemg | -.2695081 .1068205 -2.52 0.012 -.4788724 -.0601437 _cons | 72.94693 67.79473 1.08 0.282 -59.9283 205.8222------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003289 lgdp | -.002719 .005146 lgdpau | -.003423 .00657 4.58784lgdpdfrati~w | -.003987 .002287 -.208833 .684398 lpopau | .012641 -.032891 -15.5456 .949993 54.3091 lpop | .000962 -.004203 -.001278 -.000551 .00833 .006763 lxrate1 | 9.5e-07 .000661 .000857 .000416 -.007719 -.001009 .000806 lremote | .003883 -.001951 .001517 -.006729 -.02543 .000866 .000536 ldist | .006496 -.00535 -.007403 .01118 .015127 .003262 .002169 lopen | -.000503 .000773 .016163 .003425 -.085645 .001569 -.000185 english | -.004842 .005291 .002239 .013696 -.004393 -.005291 .001726 white | .020318 -.021137 .033563 -.117807 -.138215 .011339 .000203 lwhitemg | -.001854 .001478 -.002857 .010342 .011201 -.000308 .000067 _cons | -.185785 .402091 137.704 -11.0723 -493.703 -.154988 .077474

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .039653 ldist | .023482 .057596 lopen | .004289 .000573 .009851 english | -.014566 .003732 -.003544 .041281 white | .073779 .007389 -.003777 -.027892 1.36117 lwhitemg | -.004441 .001679 .000503 .002657 -.121379 .011411 _cons | -.170264 -.80079 .921124 .063719 .974108 -.114716 4596.13

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedastic

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Correlation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3070.76Log likelihood = -1533.658 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5520399 .0435197 12.68 0.000 .4667428 .637337 lgdp | 1.097231 .0671485 16.34 0.000 .965622 1.228839 lgdpau | -.4497346 .6837257 -0.66 0.511 -1.789812 .8903431lgdpdfrati~w | -.5011679 .4850483 -1.03 0.301 -1.451845 .4495093 lpopau | 2.329757 2.451107 0.95 0.342 -2.474324 7.133839 lpop | -.1612496 .0827656 -1.95 0.051 -.3234672 .0009679 lxrate1 | -.0414182 .0301196 -1.38 0.169 -.1004515 .0176151 lremote | -.7694565 .1918044 -4.01 0.000 -1.145386 -.3935268 ldist | -2.075846 .3065965 -6.77 0.000 -2.676764 -1.474928 lopen | .0413616 .0724681 0.57 0.568 -.1006733 .1833965 english | .7474467 .2318886 3.22 0.001 .2929533 1.20194 white | 5.686197 2.057173 2.76 0.006 1.654212 9.718183 lwhitemg | -.7870448 .2104807 -3.74 0.000 -1.199579 -.3745103 _cons | -20.30308 24.53108 -0.83 0.408 -68.38312 27.77696------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001894 lgdp | -.001821 .004509 lgdpau | .000069 -.003136 .467481lgdpdfrati~w | -.003337 .003623 -.05883 .235272 lpopau | -.000042 .005497 -1.61597 .305855 6.00792 lpop | .00007 -.003162 .003865 .001039 -.020687 .00685 lxrate1 | -.000335 .000666 .001385 .002709 -.010255 -.000276 .000907 lremote | .001598 .001412 -.027676 .002207 .11826 -.004222 .000113 ldist | .006163 -.008625 -.004051 .001534 -.005273 .010438 .000794 lopen | .000077 -.000797 -.00027 .005238 -.004657 .001752 -.000301 english | -.00127 .001367 .015609 .007884 -.097911 .003215 .002994 white | .007987 -.011481 .036404 -.00881 -.241279 .018833 .006668 lwhitemg | -.000717 .000756 -.004603 .001384 .027947 -.001552 -.000478 _cons | -.041148 .012205 14.8878 -3.90464 -58.3453 .143199 .109861

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .036789 ldist | .015535 .094001 lopen | -.001925 .001157 .005252 english | -.01354 .014981 -.0013 .053772 white | .00852 .060638 -.002381 .067322 4.23196 lwhitemg | .001373 -.004437 .000131 -.006677 -.427366 .044302 _cons | -1.68143 -.850584 .079114 1.08624 2.27175 -.298478 601.774

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Exports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrxnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10

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Wald chi2(13) = 579.63Log likelihood = -1180.672 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3982026 .0681805 5.84 0.000 .2645713 .5318339 lgdp | .4086608 .1170791 3.49 0.000 .1791899 .6381317 lgdpau | -3.193206 1.4159 -2.26 0.024 -5.968319 -.4180939lgdpdfrati~w | -1.598246 .6461371 -2.47 0.013 -2.864651 -.3318406 lpopau | 12.82765 4.847624 2.65 0.008 3.326484 22.32882 lpop | .1768485 .1108026 1.60 0.110 -.0403206 .3940176 lxrate1 | -.082103 .0410844 -2.00 0.046 -.1626269 -.0015791 lremote | -.1525301 .3327827 -0.46 0.647 -.8047722 .4997119 ldist | -1.959847 .4339354 -4.52 0.000 -2.810345 -1.109349 lopen | -.1640833 .1533902 -1.07 0.285 -.4647225 .1365559 english | .8770062 .2591858 3.38 0.001 .3690115 1.385001 white | 12.64896 1.390799 9.09 0.000 9.92304 15.37487 lwhitemg | -1.338389 .1183087 -11.31 0.000 -1.57027 -1.106508 _cons | -115.6981 45.17692 -2.56 0.010 -204.2432 -27.15293------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004649 lgdp | -.004556 .013708 lgdpau | -.005266 .007981 2.00477lgdpdfrati~w | -.003275 .003431 .042221 .417493 lpopau | .018227 -.045339 -6.68113 .025713 23.4995 lpop | .000496 -.007659 -.000394 -.000912 .001671 .012277 lxrate1 | -.000307 .001963 .00117 .001596 -.009231 -.002116 .001688 lremote | .002737 .001141 -.037143 -.064184 .026604 -.002219 .00051 ldist | .017102 -.013991 -.023715 -.01281 .039429 .011535 .000221 lopen | .000479 -.000623 .010568 .000773 -.089343 .004511 -.000702 english | -.006221 .00938 .012147 .020487 -.025349 -.003837 .003691 white | .022502 -.046564 -.017252 -.063207 .07205 .048602 -.00617 lwhitemg | -.00235 .002542 -.002065 -.00025 .001556 -.003594 .00062 _cons | -.279018 .491675 58.5992 -1.34146 -214.434 -.119367 .097697

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .110744 ldist | .028426 .1883 lopen | .007653 .004561 .023529 english | -.022166 -.008883 -.010529 .067177 white | .035986 .15471 -.008108 .074506 1.93432 lwhitemg | .006153 -.017019 .000742 -.00799 -.152635 .013997 _cons | -.639294 -2.02541 1.05785 .198202 -2.36857 .154271 2040.95

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Exports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrxmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremot> e ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1203.94Log likelihood = -974.8091 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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lrxmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2488548 .0424881 5.86 0.000 .1655795 .33213 lgdp | .2814597 .0915675 3.07 0.002 .1019907 .4609286 lgdpau | -2.611601 1.123603 -2.32 0.020 -4.813822 -.4093794lgdpdfrati~w | -4.308641 .4666242 -9.23 0.000 -5.223208 -3.394075 lpopau | 10.21272 3.876916 2.63 0.008 2.614103 17.81134 lpop | .1931359 .0722157 2.67 0.007 .0515957 .3346762 lxrate1 | -.0785698 .0273434 -2.87 0.004 -.1321618 -.0249778 lremote | .5035326 .1809717 2.78 0.005 .1488346 .8582306 ldist | -2.359866 .2334267 -10.11 0.000 -2.817374 -1.902358 lopen | -.0786672 .0540144 -1.46 0.145 -.1845334 .027199 english | .4243336 .1536649 2.76 0.006 .123156 .7255113 white | 9.421291 .818555 11.51 0.000 7.816953 11.02563 lwhitemg | -.8350171 .0739356 -11.29 0.000 -.9799282 -.690106 _cons | -81.7956 36.04233 -2.27 0.023 -152.4373 -11.15393------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001805 lgdp | -.002567 .008385 lgdpau | -.002595 .006084 1.26248lgdpdfrati~w | -.002332 .004521 -.041194 .217738 lpopau | .011361 -.031129 -4.27208 .212502 15.0305 lpop | .001573 -.005669 -.002818 -.002687 .013201 .005215 lxrate1 | -.000116 .00107 .000858 .000532 -.006206 -.000917 .000748 lremote | .002115 -.003081 -.003692 -.014448 -.010651 .002757 -.000014 ldist | .005861 -.008652 -.011534 -.008575 .047437 .006681 -.0003 lopen | -.000082 -3.3e-06 .004656 .00198 -.023353 .000834 -.00009 english | -.001465 .002986 .001108 .003254 .001087 -.001515 .000544 white | .015199 -.029522 -.024589 -.026039 .079542 .029995 -.005096 lwhitemg | -.001119 .001029 .001073 .000034 -.003714 -.001613 .00032 _cons | -.170649 .373553 37.8584 -2.51112 -137.483 -.190738 .071564

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .032751 ldist | .020008 .054488 lopen | .000669 .000517 .002918 english | -.001567 .009751 -.000438 .023613 white | .057075 .072944 .002575 .00131 .670032 lwhitemg | -.002283 -.004939 -.000296 .000107 -.056282 .005466 _cons | -.174682 -1.1192 .242812 -.176821 -1.7445 .109912 1299.05

.

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Exports

. xtgls lrxsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 762.45Log likelihood = -1439.273 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3394807 .087989 3.86 0.000 .1670253 .511936 lgdp | .3065651 .1418368 2.16 0.031 .0285701 .58456

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lgdpau | -.8033177 1.15506 -0.70 0.487 -3.067193 1.460557lgdpdfrati~w | -.7816898 .5680951 -1.38 0.169 -1.895136 .3317561 lpopau | 9.809803 3.907465 2.51 0.012 2.151313 17.46829 lpop | -.003342 .1389656 -0.02 0.981 -.2757096 .2690255 lxrate1 | -.0750102 .0463413 -1.62 0.106 -.1658375 .0158171 lremote | .295973 .2526735 1.17 0.241 -.1992578 .7912039 ldist | -2.071321 .464598 -4.46 0.000 -2.981916 -1.160726 lopen | -.3107248 .1720252 -1.81 0.071 -.6478879 .0264383 english | 1.69192 .3180648 5.32 0.000 1.068524 2.315315 white | 20.12312 1.830419 10.99 0.000 16.53557 23.71068 lwhitemg | -1.933874 .1753358 -11.03 0.000 -2.277526 -1.590222 _cons | -128.7591 36.6113 -3.52 0.000 -200.5159 -57.00225------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .007742 lgdp | -.009591 .020118 lgdpau | -.010084 .010906 1.33416lgdpdfrati~w | -.002707 -.002239 .122394 .322732

lpopau | .032191 -.02859 -4.34998 -.222603 15.2683 lpop | .003143 -.012245 -.00145 .0021 -.018034 .019311 lxrate1 | .00052 .001137 -.000457 -.000332 .003838 -.002097 .002148 lremote | .002816 .001825 -.041551 -.054868 .002121 -.00106 -.000071 ldist | .019749 -.021469 -.046907 -.034244 .082913 .02165 .002155 lopen | -.000684 -.000203 .006974 -.006405 -.087273 .007014 -.001208 english | -.011333 .010141 .011498 .003533 -.058917 .003036 .00277 white | .034478 -.075307 -.042523 -.045262 .01977 .082551 .001738 lwhitemg | -.003209 .005314 .000482 .000402 -.004858 -.006216 -.000246 _cons | -.356472 .164311 37.6696 .973239 -139.11 .103144 -.076841

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .063844 ldist | .043464 .215851 lopen | .011312 .004914 .029593 english | -.00395 .014467 -.007171 .101165 white | .036219 .1639 -.000589 .110255 3.35043 lwhitemg | .000541 -.013708 .000571 -.007601 -.312794 .030743 _cons | .116661 -2.52868 1.05022 .313494 -.895341 .195049 1340.39

. xtgls lrxsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 858.95Log likelihood = -234.0859 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | -.002408 .0158698 -0.15 0.879 -.0335121 .0286962 lgdp | .0140295 .0411666 0.34 0.733 -.0666555 .0947145 lgdpau | .0210927 .2842066 0.07 0.941 -.5359421 .5781274lgdpdfrati~w | -.1406937 .15795 -0.89 0.373 -.45027 .1688827 lpopau | 3.177881 1.026319 3.10 0.002 1.166333 5.189429 lpop | .2569464 .052504 4.89 0.000 .1540406 .3598523 lxrate1 | -.0372434 .0139293 -2.67 0.008 -.0645443 -.0099425 lremote | -.043087 .10151 -0.42 0.671 -.2420429 .1558688

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ldist | -3.43704 .3352553 -10.25 0.000 -4.094128 -2.779951 lopen | -.043411 .0274092 -1.58 0.113 -.0971321 .0103101 english | 1.286056 .1491576 8.62 0.000 .9937122 1.578399 white | 19.69596 1.298947 15.16 0.000 17.15007 22.24185 lwhitemg | -1.571569 .1215284 -12.93 0.000 -1.809761 -1.333378 _cons | -23.55802 11.37132 -2.07 0.038 -45.84539 -1.27065------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000252 lgdp | -.00015 .001695 lgdpau | .000313 -.001115 .080773lgdpdfrati~w | -.000253 .000531 -.006617 .024948 lpopau | -.001523 .005534 -.276935 .032051 1.05333 lpop | -.000088 -.001423 .00006 5.2e-06 -.003359 .002757 lxrate1 | .000022 -.000011 .000399 .000369 -.003302 .000029 .000194 lremote | .000183 .000844 -.006825 -.000478 .021716 -.000057 .000063 ldist | .001079 .002561 -.007874 -.000201 .029088 -.000155 -.000424 lopen | .000029 -.000096 .000115 -9.9e-06 -.001862 .000152 -.000022 english | -.000284 .000384 -.00089 -.00064 .013524 .00067 -.000035 white | .000818 -.006848 .002205 -.004633 -.025145 .01082 .000323 lwhitemg | -.000124 .000193 -.000346 .000322 .001376 -.000702 .000013 _cons | .008856 -.109876 2.63838 -.389649 -10.7655 .045504 .046479

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .010304 ldist | .010841 .112396 lopen | -.000066 -.000401 .000751 english | .001097 .017728 -.000564 .022248 white | .007869 .025416 -.000252 .030826 1.68726 lwhitemg | -.00034 -.004422 .000064 -.003398 -.153133 .014769 _cons | -.394313 -1.50974 .032397 -.401054 .023626 .038866 129.307

. xtgls lrxsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 728.55Log likelihood = -1323.065 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .215136 .0584344 3.68 0.000 .1006066 .3296653 lgdp | .6571781 .1133717 5.80 0.000 .4349736 .8793826 lgdpau | -4.83743 1.876447 -2.58 0.010 -8.515198 -1.159662lgdpdfrati~w | .0091679 .839352 0.01 0.991 -1.635932 1.654268 lpopau | 13.97225 6.502367 2.15 0.032 1.227849 26.71666 lpop | .2315506 .1333939 1.74 0.083 -.0298967 .4929979 lxrate1 | -.0416894 .0382941 -1.09 0.276 -.1167445 .0333657 lremote | -.7940986 .3487484 -2.28 0.023 -1.477633 -.1105642 ldist | -2.848679 .4502891 -6.33 0.000 -3.731229 -1.966128 lopen | -.1426826 .1849765 -0.77 0.440 -.5052298 .2198646 english | .434104 .2648936 1.64 0.101 -.0850778 .9532859 white | 11.38213 1.531831 7.43 0.000 8.379793 14.38446 lwhitemg | -1.273331 .1592281 -8.00 0.000 -1.585413 -.9612498 _cons | -86.07827 60.83316 -1.41 0.157 -205.3091 33.15253------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003415 lgdp | -.004136 .012853 lgdpau | -.004543 .009134 3.52105lgdpdfrati~w | -.005153 .004614 -.070215 .704512 lpopau | .017889 -.055007 -11.9053 .521611 42.2808 lpop | .000962 -.009018 .002674 -.001861 -.019911 .017794 lxrate1 | -.000214 .001525 .002245 .003991 -.014063 -.001571 .001466 lremote | .006064 -.008509 -.018919 -.061691 .02817 .000647 -.006502 ldist | .016057 -.017898 -.013728 -.036957 -.027585 .012778 -.001939 lopen | -.000691 .000828 .022538 -.004147 -.184424 .007878 -.000628 english | -.001598 .003256 .006416 .017712 -.025957 .00281 .002985 white | .028021 -.062232 -.022947 -.02668 .144067 .068214 -.005187 lwhitemg | -.002259 .003321 -.000706 -.002543 -.000428 -.005261 -.000192 _cons | -.320711 .785473 105.278 -6.72008 -388.413 .062262 .232779

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .121625 ldist | .0533 .20276 lopen | .01809 .010816 .034216 english | -.023686 .019761 -.005108 .070169 white | .05589 .197089 -.002525 .108702 2.34651 lwhitemg | .005245 -.018199 .00123 -.01352 -.233281 .025354 _cons | -1.30917 -1.42182 2.09998 .130418 -3.99153 .181261 3700.67

. xtgls lrxsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 307.66Log likelihood = -715.2131 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0491632 .0436153 1.13 0.260 -.0363212 .1346476 lgdp | .0473902 .1062378 0.45 0.656 -.160832 .2556123 lgdpau | -.1440113 .8727762 -0.17 0.869 -1.854621 1.566599lgdpdfrati~w | .2440339 .3034036 0.80 0.421 -.3506262 .838694 lpopau | -1.084722 2.999764 -0.36 0.718 -6.964152 4.794708 lpop | .703367 .1134723 6.20 0.000 .4809654 .9257686 lxrate1 | .0452129 .0326066 1.39 0.166 -.018695 .1091207 lremote | -.2518741 .2881277 -0.87 0.382 -.816594 .3128457 ldist | -1.840149 .5543742 -3.32 0.001 -2.926702 -.7535953 lopen | .0146643 .0627208 0.23 0.815 -.1082662 .1375947 english | 1.875627 .3646324 5.14 0.000 1.16096 2.590293 white | 15.1367 2.446799 6.19 0.000 10.34106 19.93234 lwhitemg | -1.18971 .2249348 -5.29 0.000 -1.630574 -.748846 _cons | 29.91083 28.81026 1.04 0.299 -26.55625 86.37791------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001902 lgdp | -.001542 .011286

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lgdpau | .002306 -.002073 .761738lgdpdfrati~w | -.001542 .00246 -.025404 .092054 lpopau | -.014366 -.001049 -2.54823 .089921 8.99859 lpop | .000168 -.008437 -.000955 -.0002 .006008 .012876 lxrate1 | .000154 .000372 .001527 .002016 -.010504 -.000521 .001063 lremote | .000966 .006574 -.041305 -.01326 .13201 -.005223 -.000922 ldist | .007179 -.000074 -.002215 -.003652 -.052655 .00748 .002073 lopen | .000145 -.000517 -.002714 .004485 .005093 .00114 -.000113 english | -.004014 -.00789 .004755 .008078 -.014381 .01357 .002304 white | .00516 -.057236 .04777 -.00567 -.174215 .068749 .001066 lwhitemg | -.000797 .002919 -.007819 -.000439 .032874 -.005067 -.000175 _cons | .126173 -.097291 22.7407 -.817702 -83.1841 -.114331 .115631

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .083018 ldist | .028523 .307331 lopen | -.000092 .000144 .003934 english | -.020128 .06297 -.00059 .132957 white | -.025005 .124719 .004209 .201438 5.98683 lwhitemg | .005972 -.016643 -.000314 -.018626 -.529757 .050596 _cons | -2.15588 -2.41999 -.023155 -.374374 .790656 -.212354 830.031

. xtgls lrxsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 237.31Log likelihood = -759.3146 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0019788 .040483 0.05 0.961 -.0773663 .081324 lgdp | .0515094 .0792584 0.65 0.516 -.1038342 .206853 lgdpau | .0868412 .6749444 0.13 0.898 -1.236026 1.409708lgdpdfrati~w | .0208502 .2450725 0.09 0.932 -.4594831 .5011835 lpopau | -.1362265 2.329033 -0.06 0.953 -4.701047 4.428594 lpop | .5576826 .0935959 5.96 0.000 .374238 .7411272 lxrate1 | -.0010354 .021023 -0.05 0.961 -.0422396 .0401688 lremote | .2841311 .2324879 1.22 0.222 -.1715367 .739799 ldist | -2.612623 .3956302 -6.60 0.000 -3.388044 -1.837202 lopen | .0216458 .0502275 0.43 0.667 -.0767983 .1200899 english | .7651913 .326566 2.34 0.019 .1251338 1.405249 white | -.3452443 1.796275 -0.19 0.848 -3.865878 3.175389 lwhitemg | .1121453 .1781185 0.63 0.529 -.2369606 .4612512 _cons | 13.70357 22.80686 0.60 0.548 -30.99704 58.40419------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001639 lgdp | -.001161 .006282 lgdpau | -.000512 .001064 .45555lgdpdfrati~w | -.000358 .000475 -.032797 .060061

lpopau | -.004246 -.004529 -1.52209 .110605 5.42439 lpop | -.000074 -.004322 -.000575 -.00073 -.006548 .00876 lxrate1 | .000137 .000021 -.000247 .00123 -.003174 -.000151 .000442 lremote | .002144 .003102 -.027431 -.007739 .085177 -.002623 -.000218

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ldist | .00443 -.003071 -.017184 -.001832 .0449 .001547 .000497 lopen | -.000079 .000296 .002165 .00043 -.010023 .000559 -.000035 english | -.003695 -.003023 .000684 .002454 .008936 .002967 .00069 white | .004528 -.029514 -.00417 -.012985 -.070576 .035553 .002094 lwhitemg | -.000551 .001565 -.002221 .0007 .016026 -.002321 -.00017 _cons | .042813 -.017946 13.723 -.95054 -51.122 .092981 .054822

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .054051 ldist | .028745 .156523 lopen | .000395 -.000876 .002523 english | -.010755 .043308 -.001395 .106645 white | .028683 .026561 -.00087 .130152 3.2266 lwhitemg | -.00007 -.001247 .000084 -.011475 -.310124 .031726 _cons | -1.46895 -2.02558 .100199 -.473198 .830197 -.189233 520.153

. xtgls lrxsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 578.88Log likelihood = -1050.662 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1162936 .0744402 1.56 0.118 -.0296065 .2621936 lgdp | .5884452 .1387915 4.24 0.000 .3164189 .8604716 lgdpau | -.653288 .8369627 -0.78 0.435 -2.293705 .9871287lgdpdfrati~w | -.6940533 .3752093 -1.85 0.064 -1.42945 .0413435 lpopau | 6.965226 2.832264 2.46 0.014 1.41409 12.51636 lpop | .2752896 .1228721 2.24 0.025 .0344648 .5161145 lxrate1 | -.1491217 .0350064 -4.26 0.000 -.217733 -.0805103 lremote | .2148311 .2343792 0.92 0.359 -.2445437 .674206 ldist | -3.170062 .4344029 -7.30 0.000 -4.021476 -2.318647 lopen | .1073008 .0909174 1.18 0.238 -.070894 .2854957 english | .6874391 .2610109 2.63 0.008 .1758671 1.199011 white | 12.91185 1.960438 6.59 0.000 9.069461 16.75424 lwhitemg | -1.228452 .1852942 -6.63 0.000 -1.591621 -.8652817 _cons | -83.80713 26.84567 -3.12 0.002 -136.4237 -31.19058------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005541 lgdp | -.006314 .019263 lgdpau | -.004903 .00592 .700507lgdpdfrati~w | -.000271 -.001501 .03572 .140782 lpopau | .015327 -.029329 -2.28873 -.04748 8.02172 lpop | .001542 -.011827 -.001183 .002056 .004777 .015098 lxrate1 | .000456 .00103 .000606 .000485 -.004114 -.001284 .001225 lremote | .001102 .006207 -.031756 -.027459 .027133 -.006031 .001757 ldist | .014323 -.010683 -.024702 -.005043 .077514 .003025 .000518 lopen | -.000146 .000148 .002036 .002244 -.027682 .001816 -.000493 english | -.005151 .016128 .000528 -.003669 -.009401 -.011942 -.000184 white | .031179 -.05419 -.057724 -.037224 .095306 .046312 -.002092 lwhitemg | -.002783 .002355 .002155 .000914 -.003682 -.002191 .000093 _cons | -.188031 .159731 19.9806 -.00171 -73.4988 .000163 .021896

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| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .054934 ldist | .022185 .188706 lopen | .002146 -.000707 .008266 english | .007963 .027846 -.003743 .068127 white | .047362 .105243 -.004067 .038277 3.84332 lwhitemg | -.000925 -.011413 .000262 -.00606 -.351985 .034334 _cons | -.341009 -2.52872 .369754 -.354474 -1.17737 .123033 720.69

. xtgls lrxsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 790.06Log likelihood = -1135.542 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2270374 .0732605 3.10 0.002 .0834494 .3706253 lgdp | .5720838 .1136746 5.03 0.000 .3492857 .7948819 lgdpau | .0381107 1.183986 0.03 0.974 -2.282459 2.358681lgdpdfrati~w | -1.147337 .5687136 -2.02 0.044 -2.261995 -.0326787 lpopau | 2.701871 4.032591 0.67 0.503 -5.201862 10.6056 lpop | .0571987 .1153907 0.50 0.620 -.1689629 .2833603 lxrate1 | -.0276298 .0400658 -0.69 0.490 -.1061574 .0508978 lremote | .4577174 .285721 1.60 0.109 -.1022855 1.01772 ldist | -2.755656 .4371896 -6.30 0.000 -3.612532 -1.898781 lopen | -.1139908 .0995967 -1.14 0.252 -.3091968 .0812153 english | 1.394135 .2867929 4.86 0.000 .8320307 1.956238 white | 12.26017 1.421931 8.62 0.000 9.473233 15.0471 lwhitemg | -1.178073 .1377112 -8.55 0.000 -1.447982 -.9081642 _cons | -33.45809 37.74874 -0.89 0.375 -107.4443 40.52808------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005367 lgdp | -.005587 .012922 lgdpau | -.005183 .008503 1.40182lgdpdfrati~w | -.003525 .00445 .046083 .323435 lpopau | .011902 -.030892 -4.63116 .029525 16.2618 lpop | .001762 -.009217 -.004292 -.001003 .01222 .013315 lxrate1 | .000552 .000848 .001971 .000592 -.011956 -.001274 .001605 lremote | .004924 -.002379 -.030965 -.049475 -.005122 -.000933 .001746 ldist | .015591 -.010942 -.02902 -.026161 .059988 .004087 .000313 lopen | -.000296 .000943 .000355 .000762 -.026742 .000893 -.000381 english | -.00489 .010107 .00463 -.000472 -.000946 -.007537 -.000521 white | .032338 -.055354 -.054349 -.04486 .105483 .051508 -.001381 lwhitemg | -.002613 .003201 .002052 -.000458 -.007121 -.003506 .000162 _cons | -.186085 .293366 40.4457 -1.42417 -148.451 -.125881 .120309

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .081637 ldist | .047216 .191135 lopen | .004428 .001411 .00992 english | .001389 .034029 -.003792 .08225 white | .0824 .116265 -.01002 .030943 2.02189

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lwhitemg | -.001819 -.010977 .00065 -.00461 -.187824 .018964 _cons | -.178949 -2.35932 .359302 -.538137 -1.89588 .186662 1424.97

. xtgls lrxsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 404.99Log likelihood = -1196.59 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2097793 .051914 4.04 0.000 .1080296 .311529 lgdp | .2812434 .1064809 2.64 0.008 .0725446 .4899422 lgdpau | -2.081455 1.350622 -1.54 0.123 -4.728626 .5657151lgdpdfrati~w | -2.208859 .6164193 -3.58 0.000 -3.417019 -1.0007 lpopau | 6.355065 4.613076 1.38 0.168 -2.686398 15.39653 lpop | .1448225 .0789088 1.84 0.066 -.0098359 .2994809 lxrate1 | -.1058887 .0394581 -2.68 0.007 -.1832252 -.0285523 lremote | 1.13782 .2651445 4.29 0.000 .6181468 1.657494 ldist | -1.284242 .4131202 -3.11 0.002 -2.093943 -.4745414 lopen | -.0016283 .119253 -0.01 0.989 -.23536 .2321033 english | .6830061 .1889675 3.61 0.000 .3126366 1.053376 white | 7.887995 1.345051 5.86 0.000 5.251744 10.52425 lwhitemg | -.6171681 .1306098 -4.73 0.000 -.8731585 -.3611777 _cons | -49.89796 42.81928 -1.17 0.244 -133.8222 34.02629------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002695 lgdp | -.002694 .011338 lgdpau | -.003714 .005825 1.82418lgdpdfrati~w | -.001076 -.000853 .087326 .379973 lpopau | .014084 -.03811 -6.08434 -.151364 21.2805 lpop | .000551 -.005746 -.000387 -.000551 .00343 .006227 lxrate1 | .000215 .001625 .000844 .000669 -.006546 -.00161 .001557 lremote | .000163 .00224 -.028977 -.048227 .047678 .000682 -.00064 ldist | .012153 -.004824 -.02551 -.02482 .044627 .004136 .00198 lopen | -.000121 .000167 .009404 .000922 -.064751 .003132 -.000525 english | -.003114 .00563 .006827 .006284 -.022642 .000355 .001071 white | .013335 -.030683 -.028517 -.053103 .091208 .029442 -.005039 lwhitemg | -.001498 .000888 -.000551 .000623 .002985 -.001662 .000081 _cons | -.217009 .350667 53.379 .514941 -193.479 -.055439 .05462

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .070302 ldist | .039091 .170668 lopen | .004637 .007258 .014221 english | -.007188 .000122 -.002667 .035709 white | .042749 .102628 .002923 .044728 1.80916 lwhitemg | .001682 -.01116 -.000344 -.004846 -.165983 .017059 _cons | -1.02768 -2.04774 .677576 .116688 -1.93144 .073317 1833.49

. xtgls lrxsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 512.56Log likelihood = -978.8305 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1309481 .0483205 2.71 0.007 .0362416 .2256545 lgdp | .4430251 .0998604 4.44 0.000 .2473023 .6387479 lgdpau | -1.117871 1.32845 -0.84 0.400 -3.721584 1.485843lgdpdfrati~w | -1.084279 .5509717 -1.97 0.049 -2.164163 -.0043939 lpopau | 3.571209 4.56548 0.78 0.434 -5.376967 12.51938 lpop | .1072634 .091352 1.17 0.240 -.0717833 .28631 lxrate1 | -.0310741 .0382289 -0.81 0.416 -.1060013 .0438531 lremote | -.7846923 .298786 -2.63 0.009 -1.370302 -.1990825 ldist | -3.033914 .4331547 -7.00 0.000 -3.882882 -2.184946 lopen | -.0414691 .1069339 -0.39 0.698 -.2510558 .1681175 english | .7951401 .195224 4.07 0.000 .4125081 1.177772 white | 11.45482 1.708793 6.70 0.000 8.105652 14.804 lwhitemg | -1.111114 .1516525 -7.33 0.000 -1.408348 -.8138808 _cons | -1.343798 42.85233 -0.03 0.975 -85.33282 82.64523------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002335 lgdp | -.002394 .009972 lgdpau | -.002859 .005338 1.76478lgdpdfrati~w | -.000879 -.000309 -.02719 .30357

lpopau | .010068 -.026541 -5.92472 .171548 20.8436 lpop | .000062 -.005808 -.001408 .000377 .00491 .008345 lxrate1 | 7.5e-06 .001387 .002317 .001741 -.013149 -.001363 .001461 lremote | .003168 .000597 -.020908 -.037207 .054192 -.000648 -.001662 ldist | .011286 -.008093 -.021924 -.013437 .057734 .002344 -.000658 lopen | -.000221 -.000473 .005852 .005578 -.049167 .002505 -.000073 english | -.001994 .001648 .007449 .006597 -.025226 -.000218 .002107 white | .012647 -.037063 .018273 -.021343 -.014734 .035859 -.005447 lwhitemg | -.001045 .001222 -.00313 -.000545 .007372 -.002082 .000283 _cons | -.18726 .249682 52.3176 -1.99015 -191.165 -.058123 .161847

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .089273 ldist | .04846 .187623 lopen | .002749 .001999 .011435 english | -.019487 .006623 -.002166 .038112 white | .034238 .110588 .000166 .038219 2.91997 lwhitemg | .001254 -.010204 .000166 -.003626 -.250162 .022998 _cons | -1.56663 -2.50461 .595637 .279117 -1.39328 .060015 1836.32

. xtgls lrxsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

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Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 818.94Log likelihood = -1580.91 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4396853 .0674593 6.52 0.000 .3074676 .5719031 lgdp | .1652558 .1260554 1.31 0.190 -.0818082 .4123198 lgdpau | -2.308049 1.769647 -1.30 0.192 -5.776493 1.160394lgdpdfrati~w | -1.108212 .5970543 -1.86 0.063 -2.278417 .0619927 lpopau | 18.36611 6.039851 3.04 0.002 6.528225 30.204 lpop | .5410849 .1162121 4.66 0.000 .3133134 .7688564 lxrate1 | -.1166002 .0427644 -2.73 0.006 -.2004168 -.0327836 lremote | .4215154 .3134441 1.34 0.179 -.1928237 1.035854 ldist | -1.807669 .4448588 -4.06 0.000 -2.679576 -.9357615 lopen | -.1398016 .1365887 -1.02 0.306 -.4075106 .1279073 english | .3598311 .2705045 1.33 0.183 -.170348 .8900102 white | 17.55244 2.519107 6.97 0.000 12.61508 22.4898 lwhitemg | -1.657087 .244174 -6.79 0.000 -2.135659 -1.178514 _cons | -240.4228 55.99573 -4.29 0.000 -350.1724 -130.6732------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004551 lgdp | -.005103 .01589 lgdpau | -.005851 .00812 3.13165lgdpdfrati~w | -.002327 .002958 -.03183 .356474 lpopau | .018163 -.03939 -10.4443 .128684 36.4798 lpop | .001521 -.010308 -.002859 -.00186 .006821 .013505 lxrate1 | -.000172 .00178 -.000809 .003218 -.005746 -.001531 .001829 lremote | .005083 -.001496 -.045037 -.020486 .043438 .001674 .001307 ldist | .016499 -.011145 -.034161 -.002501 .096032 .008094 -.000749 lopen | -.000367 -.000338 .006971 .008067 -.047091 .003742 -.000337 english | -.00439 .010505 .008314 .00205 -.049289 -.005676 .001753 white | .016527 -.043134 -.055681 -.051908 -.099944 .053535 .00421 lwhitemg | -.001275 .001378 .000282 .001832 .015511 -.002697 -.00036 _cons | -.28275 .381627 91.7473 -1.48546 -332.039 -.109411 .086404

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .098247 ldist | .047204 .197899 lopen | .005806 .003455 .018656 english | -.012452 .021037 -.005167 .073173 white | .141365 -.012906 .001137 -.017158 6.3459 lwhitemg | -.005175 .001794 .000064 .001107 -.603954 .059621 _cons | -.845463 -2.9695 .471476 .351946 2.05508 -.216685 3135.52

.

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.

.

.

. clear

. insheet using k:\book1.txt(104 vars, 1010 obs)

. *Dropping Jamaica

. drop if ccode==533800(10 observations deleted)

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op> en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta> t)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 491108.9 1561210 7577.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33455.01 117040.5 2986.5 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.74e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.7383 16.74246 102.8924 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.96e+07 1.54e+08 1.04e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1042.912 10901.73 14.6614 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6748.545 4144.731 6797 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13351.18 3527.637 14215 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7049774 .3884643 .63155 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .37 .4830459 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.052773 .1789416 1.017907 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" cou> ntries)--RHS Variables:. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remo> te dist phone open english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median > min max) col(stat)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 404844.9 1597602 3071 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14888.91 27129.4 1606 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.37e+11 1.00e+12 1.09e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 104.8717 17.08119 101.7385 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.35e+07 1.65e+08 1.07e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1182.756 11681.76 21.4805 .0068 270182.6 remote | 870 7176.291 4113.672 6955 1293 39620 dist | 870 13178.83 3415.233 14040 2410 17972 phone | 870 157.5049 242.2438 47.025 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7119068 .4099074 .6248 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3793103 .4854945 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.044375 .1835837 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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.

.

. **Regression of Exports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Exports

. xtgls lrexp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6919.32Log likelihood = -1010.644 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5242361 .0387423 13.53 0.000 .4483027 .6001695 lgdp | 1.068573 .036662 29.15 0.000 .9967167 1.140429 lgdpau | -3.238228 .8559165 -3.78 0.000 -4.915793 -1.560662lgdpdfrati~w | -1.712946 .3282118 -5.22 0.000 -2.35623 -1.069663 lpopau | 3.997574 2.986765 1.34 0.181 -1.856377 9.851526 lpop | .0076155 .041031 0.19 0.853 -.0728038 .0880347 lxrate1 | .0053135 .0146661 0.36 0.717 -.0234315 .0340585 lremote | .1630858 .0819875 1.99 0.047 .0023932 .3237784 ldist | -1.389968 .1398621 -9.94 0.000 -1.664092 -1.115843 lopen | .9305542 .0778214 11.96 0.000 .778027 1.083081 english | .16933 .088484 1.91 0.056 -.0040955 .3427555 white | 3.289202 .5701424 5.77 0.000 2.171744 4.406661 lwhitemg | -.3983956 .0514761 -7.74 0.000 -.4992869 -.2975042 _cons | 12.61493 27.72254 0.46 0.649 -41.72025 66.95012------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001501 lgdp | -.000848 .001344 lgdpau | -.003314 .002607 .732593lgdpdfrati~w | .000823 -.001043 -.022045 .107723 lpopau | .012489 -.010405 -2.51663 .123208 8.92076 lpop | .000031 -.000656 .000925 -.000017 -.006973 .001684 lxrate1 | 7.8e-06 .000165 -.00003 -.000077 -.000144 -.000056 .000215 lremote | -.000354 .001099 .004452 -.002155 -.023727 .000164 .000044 ldist | .003652 -.00246 -.005881 .004495 .014257 .002125 .000447 lopen | -.000598 .000377 .01051 -.000739 -.056745 .000895 -.00006 english | -.000736 .001129 -.002954 .000611 .018728 -.000756 .000423 white | .007101 -.00158 -.007174 -.007898 .003448 .009625 .001568 lwhitemg | -.000799 .000204 .000861 .000374 -.001038 -.000861 -.000131 _cons | -.145804 .103394 22.5317 -1.5863 -81.8498 .058885 -.00534

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .006722 ldist | .00183 .019561 lopen | .002252 .000605 .006056 english | -.000103 .000648 -.002933 .007829 white | .015836 .03334 -3.0e-06 .002211 .325062

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lwhitemg | -.00115 -.003356 -.000014 .000081 -.028947 .00265 _cons | .177858 -.294759 .629508 -.255545 -.511473 .053281 768.539

.

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. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6519.69Log likelihood = -1447.409 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3489082 .0455868 7.65 0.000 .2595596 .4382567 lgdp | 1.079674 .0672085 16.06 0.000 .9479474 1.2114 lgdpau | -.4668616 .4762881 -0.98 0.327 -1.400369 .4666458lgdpdfrati~w | -.1803277 .2932548 -0.61 0.539 -.7550966 .3944412 lpopau | 3.563797 1.723434 2.07 0.039 .1859288 6.941664 lpop | .039267 .0931418 0.42 0.673 -.1432876 .2218217 lxrate1 | -.0415565 .0294803 -1.41 0.159 -.0993368 .0162238 lremote | -.209385 .1619501 -1.29 0.196 -.5268014 .1080314 ldist | -3.132646 .3871901 -8.09 0.000 -3.891525 -2.373767 lopen | -.0747392 .0527448 -1.42 0.156 -.178117 .0286386 english | .5872898 .1810451 3.24 0.001 .2324479 .9421316 white | 7.786709 1.090737 7.14 0.000 5.648903 9.924514 lwhitemg | -.8398302 .1162186 -7.23 0.000 -1.067614 -.6120459 _cons | -37.62012 17.50105 -2.15 0.032 -71.92154 -3.318703------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002078 lgdp | -.001593 .004517 lgdpau | .001102 -.001548 .22685lgdpdfrati~w | -.001942 .003194 -.022753 .085998 lpopau | -.004629 .003829 -.789142 .1016 2.97022 lpop | -.000115 -.004675 .003686 -.001363 -.018983 .008675 lxrate1 | .000115 .000382 .00052 .00264 -.00586 -.00055 .000869 lremote | .000121 .000257 -.020915 .002366 .088883 -.003408 .00064 ldist | .009023 -.010517 .003883 .001885 -.027408 .005135 .002015 lopen | .000062 -.000298 .002513 .001049 -.011297 .001157 -.000378 english | -.001143 -.001441 .005764 .004321 -.043995 .003201 .001571 white | .010415 -.02518 .022126 -.004291 -.146658 .031433 .001622 lwhitemg | -.001507 .001957 -.004392 .000607 .021736 -.002006 -.000114 _cons | -.010758 .050493 7.2818 -1.26658 -28.9449 .172152 .052261

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .026228 ldist | .003513 .149916 lopen | -.002197 .000792 .002782 english | -.004249 .001246 -.000615 .032777 white | -.011017 .055664 .002873 .038419 1.18971 lwhitemg | .003908 -.006987 -.000621 -.00173 -.121543 .013507 _cons | -1.14931 -1.00898 .123503 .569959 1.41792 -.217701 306.287

.

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.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3567.30Log likelihood = -1559.468 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4508074 .0543448 8.30 0.000 .3442935 .5573213 lgdp | 1.099033 .0632268 17.38 0.000 .9751105 1.222955 lgdpau | 1.879391 2.042412 0.92 0.357 -2.123663 5.882446lgdpdfrati~w | -1.946203 .8273014 -2.35 0.019 -3.567684 -.3247223 lpopau | -7.214872 7.031663 -1.03 0.305 -20.99668 6.566934 lpop | -.1546244 .0797996 -1.94 0.053 -.3110286 .0017799 lxrate1 | -.0674057 .0279052 -2.42 0.016 -.1220989 -.0127125 lremote | .0553225 .2011348 0.28 0.783 -.3388944 .4495395 ldist | -2.275756 .2323138 -9.80 0.000 -2.731082 -1.820429 lopen | .124029 .0934752 1.33 0.185 -.059179 .3072371 english | .6401168 .1825249 3.51 0.000 .2823745 .9978591 white | 2.700797 1.145049 2.36 0.018 .4565418 4.945052 lwhitemg | -.2596693 .1047325 -2.48 0.013 -.4649412 -.0543975 _cons | 73.47562 64.71315 1.14 0.256 -53.35983 200.3111------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002953 lgdp | -.002086 .003998 lgdpau | -.002767 .00563 4.17145lgdpdfrati~w | -.003795 .001569 -.2129 .684428 lpopau | .009578 -.027492 -14.1483 .986553 49.4443 lpop | .000228 -.003354 -.000991 .001507 .005933 .006368 lxrate1 | .000186 .000473 .000876 -.000577 -.00692 -.000823 .000779 lremote | .004281 -.002653 .002385 -.007614 -.028584 -.000194 .00096 ldist | .006447 -.00586 -.006769 .011522 .016726 .002757 .002746 lopen | -.000441 .000786 .014786 .002981 -.078349 .001276 -.000148 english | -.003129 .002701 .000639 .010582 .007658 -.003563 .001262 white | .020967 -.01955 .03535 -.123169 -.162634 .008671 .002553 lwhitemg | -.00189 .001311 -.003 .01057 .013404 -.000088 -.00015 _cons | -.157294 .359135 125.451 -11.5834 -449.733 -.12066 .055863

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .040455 ldist | .021477 .05397 lopen | .004174 .000539 .008738 english | -.014969 .001946 -.003415 .033315 white | .081708 .027503 -.00287 -.017486 1.31114 lwhitemg | -.004907 -.000332 .000398 .001463 -.116632 .010969 _cons | -.098429 -.774009 .840891 -.045072 1.06929 -.123012 4187.79

.

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1215.70Log likelihood = -1657.014 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .6325126 .0645923 9.79 0.000 .505914 .7591111 lgdp | .6572795 .1088628 6.04 0.000 .4439124 .8706467 lgdpau | .9339063 1.809171 0.52 0.606 -2.612004 4.479817lgdpdfrati~w | .0368331 .6560886 0.06 0.955 -1.249077 1.322743 lpopau | -9.726918 6.199643 -1.57 0.117 -21.87799 2.424159 lpop | .1484165 .1082076 1.37 0.170 -.0636665 .3604994 lxrate1 | .0737182 .0436048 1.69 0.091 -.0117457 .1591821 lremote | -1.042272 .3068173 -3.40 0.001 -1.643623 -.4409211 ldist | -.9459926 .5881945 -1.61 0.108 -2.098833 .2068475 lopen | .2580739 .1123901 2.30 0.022 .0377933 .4783545 english | .2165675 .3187745 0.68 0.497 -.408219 .841354 white | 12.36266 2.901953 4.26 0.000 6.674939 18.05038 lwhitemg | -1.413048 .2977808 -4.75 0.000 -1.996688 -.8294083 _cons | 139.0015 57.93196 2.40 0.016 25.45697 252.5461------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004172 lgdp | -.004698 .011851 lgdpau | .003267 -.004964 3.2731lgdpdfrati~w | -.007221 .013823 -.105698 .430452 lpopau | -.017361 .004647 -10.947 .513924 38.4356 lpop | .000648 -.006398 -.001543 -.003242 .007117 .011709 lxrate1 | -.000106 .001355 .003346 .003783 -.02541 -.001354 .001901 lremote | .001885 .007405 -.051894 .008327 .142376 -.006575 -.000398 ldist | .020816 -.015952 -.004638 -.011174 -.080399 .012096 .001732 lopen | -.001104 .001412 -.019267 .004598 .03712 .001643 .000342 english | -.00458 .006356 .021392 .018229 -.104187 .005564 .004256 white | .01717 -.038319 .138592 -.034936 -.656009 .038108 .00393 lwhitemg | -.001707 .002535 -.016885 .002386 .078993 -.003083 -.000391 _cons | .067978 -.016373 96.4167 -6.40759 -351.593 -.172689 .302305

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .094137 ldist | .050452 .345973 lopen | .003012 -.004857 .012632 english | -.023949 .000825 -.001764 .101617 white | .000865 .005502 -.006204 .115766 8.42133 lwhitemg | .004095 -.00202 .000702 -.01297 -.852262 .088673 _cons | -2.37058 -2.2201 -.136974 1.10857 7.3511 -.882761 3356.11

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

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Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2129.97Log likelihood = -1452.406 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3688655 .0474407 7.78 0.000 .2758834 .4618477 lgdp | .9141743 .0813057 11.24 0.000 .754818 1.07353 lgdpau | -.2357073 .5029291 -0.47 0.639 -1.22143 .7500156lgdpdfrati~w | .2245443 .2447987 0.92 0.359 -.2552522 .7043408 lpopau | -2.761924 1.77645 -1.55 0.120 -6.243702 .7198534 lpop | .1597781 .1003936 1.59 0.111 -.0369897 .356546 lxrate1 | -.0012689 .0275961 -0.05 0.963 -.0553564 .0528186 lremote | -.2267771 .1601878 -1.42 0.157 -.5407395 .0871853 ldist | -2.217857 .4677942 -4.74 0.000 -3.134716 -1.300997 lopen | .0380356 .0513303 0.74 0.459 -.0625698 .1386411 english | 1.021189 .2464439 4.14 0.000 .538168 1.504211 white | 11.09253 2.098584 5.29 0.000 6.979381 15.20568 lwhitemg | -1.107597 .2056515 -5.39 0.000 -1.510667 -.7045277 _cons | 53.78232 17.73815 3.03 0.002 19.0162 88.54845------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002251 lgdp | -.002398 .006611 lgdpau | .001271 -.003367 .252938lgdpdfrati~w | -.001847 .004278 -.024525 .059926 lpopau | -.00672 .012292 -.868537 .103966 3.15577 lpop | .000737 -.00581 .004686 -.003466 -.023729 .010079 lxrate1 | .000114 .000096 .001527 .001536 -.008051 -.000239 .000762 lremote | .000801 .000173 -.020597 .002063 .077527 -.003069 .000079 ldist | .007126 -.011276 .002315 -.001666 -.023281 .008974 .002406 lopen | -.000068 .000083 .001934 .001008 -.009212 .000681 -.00013 english | -.001934 -.000102 .009899 .003995 -.032819 .000794 .002004 white | .010078 -.028255 .021657 -.005784 -.134687 .034138 .010052 lwhitemg | -.001175 .001861 -.00338 .000452 .018025 -.002151 -.000897 _cons | .035502 -.060007 7.94569 -1.18601 -29.9781 .184612 .065827

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .02566 ldist | .010204 .218831 lopen | -.00138 -.000597 .002635 english | -.007744 .025864 -.000332 .060735 white | .034072 -.163078 -.004492 .015949 4.40405 lwhitemg | -.001229 .017594 .000203 .000348 -.427318 .042293 _cons | -1.02997 -1.79889 .108802 .075296 2.92578 -.36673 314.642

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

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Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3106.45Log likelihood = -1576.694 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4107113 .0574398 7.15 0.000 .2981314 .5232912 lgdp | 1.202876 .0708662 16.97 0.000 1.063981 1.341771 lgdpau | 1.579474 2.124321 0.74 0.457 -2.584119 5.743067lgdpdfrati~w | -2.1296 .8319586 -2.56 0.010 -3.760209 -.4989911 lpopau | -6.497043 7.311415 -0.89 0.374 -20.82715 7.833066 lpop | -.2615881 .0822862 -3.18 0.001 -.422866 -.1003102 lxrate1 | -.0310142 .0282762 -1.10 0.273 -.0864346 .0244062 lremote | .200149 .1998011 1.00 0.316 -.1914539 .5917519 ldist | -2.203467 .2371238 -9.29 0.000 -2.668221 -1.738713 lopen | .148753 .1022705 1.45 0.146 -.0516935 .3491995 english | .8011398 .2006399 3.99 0.000 .4078929 1.194387 white | 2.891088 1.152684 2.51 0.012 .6318684 5.150307 lwhitemg | -.2653498 .1056848 -2.51 0.012 -.4724882 -.0582115 _cons | 66.99954 67.30174 1.00 0.319 -64.90944 198.9085------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003299 lgdp | -.00268 .005022 lgdpau | -.003511 .006554 4.51274lgdpdfrati~w | -.004038 .002487 -.220455 .692155 lpopau | .013089 -.032843 -15.2948 .99058 53.4568 lpop | .000893 -.004134 -.001322 -.00061 .00793 .006771 lxrate1 | .000025 .000655 .00085 .000346 -.007522 -.001014 .0008 lremote | .003865 -.002137 .000315 -.006379 -.022594 .00101 .000617 ldist | .006541 -.005319 -.008226 .011172 .018501 .003031 .00215 lopen | -.000539 .000836 .015402 .003539 -.085586 .001662 -.000198 english | -.004863 .005276 .002944 .013274 -.005285 -.00527 .001593 white | .019939 -.021005 .029488 -.117833 -.122739 .011276 .000338 lwhitemg | -.001834 .001469 -.002561 .010293 .010008 -.000282 .000049 _cons | -.191027 .404461 135.545 -11.4544 -486.24 -.147394 .074054

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .03992 ldist | .023403 .056228 lopen | .004651 .000595 .010459 english | -.014883 .002077 -.003797 .040256 white | .076231 .005131 -.003957 -.027407 1.32868 lwhitemg | -.004589 .001836 .000531 .002549 -.118569 .011169 _cons | -.185522 -.81798 .934679 .079508 .823388 -.103026 4529.52

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3049.66

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Log likelihood = -1539.969 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .554545 .0438145 12.66 0.000 .4686701 .6404198 lgdp | 1.093576 .0681657 16.04 0.000 .959974 1.227179

lgdpau | -.5235017 .6572322 -0.80 0.426 -1.811653 .7646497lgdpdfrati~w | -.3739293 .479498 -0.78 0.435 -1.313728 .5658696 lpopau | 2.235355 2.359603 0.95 0.343 -2.389381 6.860092 lpop | -.1514204 .0824932 -1.84 0.066 -.3131042 .0102633 lxrate1 | -.0351778 .0300053 -1.17 0.241 -.0939871 .0236315 lremote | -.7240303 .1917437 -3.78 0.000 -1.099841 -.3482196 ldist | -2.021776 .3096349 -6.53 0.000 -2.62865 -1.414903 lopen | .0405832 .0710925 0.57 0.568 -.0987555 .1799218 english | .723925 .2324549 3.11 0.002 .2683219 1.179528 white | 5.68344 2.052265 2.77 0.006 1.661074 9.705806 lwhitemg | -.7784968 .2100023 -3.71 0.000 -1.190094 -.3668998 _cons | -17.92616 23.69875 -0.76 0.449 -64.37485 28.52253------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00192 lgdp | -.00189 .004647 lgdpau | .000187 -.003363 .431954lgdpdfrati~w | -.003413 .00381 -.056535 .229918 lpopau | -.000343 .006233 -1.49483 .296131 5.56773 lpop | .000097 -.00319 .003963 .000938 -.020735 .006805 lxrate1 | -.000319 .000643 .001382 .002715 -.00996 -.000256 .0009 lremote | .00162 .001349 -.027418 .002016 .116472 -.004198 .000168 ldist | .006139 -.008699 -.003928 .000969 -.005249 .010712 .000781 lopen | .00007 -.00079 -.000261 .005334 -.004051 .001663 -.000318 english | -.001289 .001665 .014809 .007798 -.093982 .003104 .00288 white | .0083 -.011757 .035129 -.009173 -.231188 .018441 .006877 lwhitemg | -.000729 .000748 -.004434 .001373 .026861 -.001506 -.000496 _cons | -.038182 .004787 13.8076 -3.79292 -54.2088 .139794 .104825

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .036766 ldist | .015751 .095874 lopen | -.002209 .000818 .005054 english | -.013078 .014872 -.001197 .054035 white | .010258 .059379 -.002894 .065762 4.21179 lwhitemg | .001239 -.004246 .000156 -.00658 -.425367 .044101 _cons | -1.65963 -.876229 .075614 1.03436 2.14474 -.285982 561.631

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Exports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrxnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 615.94Log likelihood = -1175.34 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

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-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4423464 .0667697 6.62 0.000 .3114802 .5732127 lgdp | .4123872 .1104188 3.73 0.000 .1959704 .628804 lgdpau | -3.11499 1.336514 -2.33 0.020 -5.734508 -.4954711lgdpdfrati~w | -1.360904 .619054 -2.20 0.028 -2.574228 -.1475809 lpopau | 12.58274 4.570631 2.75 0.006 3.624468 21.54101 lpop | .1152533 .1094147 1.05 0.292 -.0991956 .3297022 lxrate1 | -.1015689 .0394689 -2.57 0.010 -.1789265 -.0242113 lremote | -.1492804 .3130066 -0.48 0.633 -.762762 .4642011 ldist | -1.786962 .4142713 -4.31 0.000 -2.598919 -.9750055 lopen | -.1137601 .1505377 -0.76 0.450 -.4088086 .1812883 english | .6412967 .2516727 2.55 0.011 .1480273 1.134566 white | 12.13965 1.371378 8.85 0.000 9.451801 14.8275 lwhitemg | -1.319502 .1167257 -11.30 0.000 -1.54828 -1.090724 _cons | -114.7547 42.57284 -2.70 0.007 -198.1959 -31.31348------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004458 lgdp | -.004152 .012192 lgdpau | -.005195 .007561 1.78627lgdpdfrati~w | -.003058 .002893 .052617 .383228 lpopau | .01819 -.042167 -5.94202 -.019952 20.8907 lpop | .000204 -.006949 -.000138 .000012 .000099 .011972 lxrate1 | -.000234 .001889 .000695 .000642 -.007167 -.002028 .001558 lremote | .002651 .000922 -.035776 -.059323 .023166 -.002668 .001176 ldist | .015139 -.011036 -.02193 -.012129 .034476 .009934 .000966 lopen | .00037 -.000248 .008759 -.000198 -.082558 .004289 -.000753 english | -.00616 .009699 .01083 .01633 -.021591 -.003582 .003056 white | .01987 -.039915 -.019942 -.05828 .074643 .045698 -.005946 lwhitemg | -.002129 .002207 -.001765 -.000434 .000565 -.003411 .000602 _cons | -.264598 .444928 52.0369 -.868959 -190.46 -.091921 .064473

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .097973 ldist | .027316 .171621 lopen | .00856 .004299 .022662 english | -.01771 -.004587 -.010935 .063339 white | .032966 .142187 -.009072 .071158 1.88068 lwhitemg | .005541 -.015667 .000852 -.007677 -.149166 .013625 _cons | -.491392 -1.85644 .983683 .086528 -2.28777 .158934 1812.45

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Exports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrxmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremot> e ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1142.52Log likelihood = -960.6894 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2410087 .0431115 5.59 0.000 .1565117 .3255057 lgdp | .3393287 .0915636 3.71 0.000 .1598674 .51879 lgdpau | -2.631537 1.110128 -2.37 0.018 -4.807348 -.4557258

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lgdpdfrati~w | -4.44803 .4635905 -9.59 0.000 -5.356651 -3.53941 lpopau | 10.00216 3.83451 2.61 0.009 2.486655 17.51766 lpop | .140175 .0743932 1.88 0.060 -.005633 .285983 lxrate1 | -.0740718 .0275481 -2.69 0.007 -.128065 -.0200786 lremote | .5000545 .1683975 2.97 0.003 .1700016 .8301075 ldist | -2.381028 .2306972 -10.32 0.000 -2.833186 -1.92887 lopen | -.0837829 .0526749 -1.59 0.112 -.1870239 .0194581 english | .4484338 .1648165 2.72 0.007 .1253994 .7714682 white | 9.208787 .8196838 11.23 0.000 7.602236 10.81534 lwhitemg | -.8314744 .0723793 -11.49 0.000 -.9733352 -.6896135 _cons | -77.80098 35.6931 -2.18 0.029 -147.7582 -7.843787------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001859 lgdp | -.002682 .008384 lgdpau | -.002734 .006308 1.23238lgdpdfrati~w | -.002311 .005176 -.045864 .214916 lpopau | .012242 -.032993 -4.17537 .225384 14.7035 lpop | .001804 -.005949 -.003012 -.003599 .015323 .005534 lxrate1 | -.00016 .001186 .000927 .000671 -.006956 -.000938 .000759 lremote | .001871 -.003647 -.004076 -.012515 -.006855 .003666 -.000133 ldist | .005568 -.008881 -.011933 -.008327 .052344 .007403 -.000595 lopen | -.000104 .000189 .004704 .002087 -.023271 .000607 -.000074 english | -.002301 .003735 .001734 .003303 -.000371 -.000948 .000347 white | .016426 -.03273 -.025977 -.031337 .092931 .034477 -.005572 lwhitemg | -.001264 .001419 .001208 .000588 -.004755 -.002008 .000338 _cons | -.17792 .409582 37.0546 -2.61939 -134.68 -.234864 .083923

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .028358 ldist | .017892 .053221 lopen | .000676 .000269 .002775 english | -.002972 .008888 -.000774 .027164 white | .059227 .076007 .0018 .004002 .671881 lwhitemg | -.002659 -.005371 -.000268 -.000279 -.055497 .005239 _cons | -.17119 -1.16344 .241603 -.169434 -1.97936 .129001 1274

.

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Exports

. xtgls lrxsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 759.40Log likelihood = -1440.062 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3234008 .0867943 3.73 0.000 .1532871 .4935145 lgdp | .376632 .1419374 2.65 0.008 .0984397 .6548243 lgdpau | -.9784167 1.258838 -0.78 0.437 -3.445693 1.48886lgdpdfrati~w | -.8288914 .6108867 -1.36 0.175 -2.026207 .3684246 lpopau | 10.26994 4.266019 2.41 0.016 1.908694 18.63118 lpop | -.062147 .1385067 -0.45 0.654 -.3336152 .2093212 lxrate1 | -.0983195 .0470862 -2.09 0.037 -.1906067 -.0060323

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lremote | .3408131 .2629361 1.30 0.195 -.1745322 .8561583 ldist | -2.166813 .4636776 -4.67 0.000 -3.075604 -1.258022 lopen | -.314021 .1740416 -1.80 0.071 -.6551362 .0270942 english | 1.490834 .3164203 4.71 0.000 .8706619 2.111007 white | 19.49241 1.824096 10.69 0.000 15.91725 23.06757 lwhitemg | -1.892626 .1743027 -10.86 0.000 -2.234253 -1.550999 _cons | -131.6211 39.82947 -3.30 0.001 -209.6854 -53.55677------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .007533 lgdp | -.009558 .020146 lgdpau | -.009663 .010738 1.58467lgdpdfrati~w | -.002548 -.002351 .128448 .373183 lpopau | .031112 -.029899 -5.19024 -.23266 18.1989 lpop | .0033 -.012283 -.001485 .002091 -.016918 .019184 lxrate1 | .000472 .001082 -.00008 .000112 .00254 -.002048 .002217 lremote | .002569 .001914 -.042303 -.057143 .000346 -.000773 -.000667 ldist | .019554 -.021377 -.046112 -.033882 .078256 .021498 .002063 lopen | -.000636 -.00038 .008143 -.005153 -.093488 .007125 -.001127 english | -.010564 .00993 .011688 .004286 -.055628 .002193 .003284 white | .03501 -.076357 -.03854 -.050119 .022207 .08271 .001878 lwhitemg | -.003201 .005379 -.000043 .000587 -.004417 -.00625 -.000246 _cons | -.347931 .18923 45.0301 .946048 -165.606 .086352 -.059231

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .069135 ldist | .045376 .214997 lopen | .011518 .005446 .03029 english | -.004342 .01615 -.006863 .100122 white | .039797 .168719 .00029 .111558 3.32733 lwhitemg | .000657 -.013939 .000586 -.008002 -.309674 .030381 _cons | .101071 -2.4794 1.11636 .252864 -1.09695 .201801 1586.39

. xtgls lrxsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 908.39Log likelihood = -206.9369 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | -.0033776 .0121988 -0.28 0.782 -.0272868 .0205316 lgdp | .0840896 .0412381 2.04 0.041 .0032644 .1649148 lgdpau | .0388839 .2730856 0.14 0.887 -.496354 .5741218lgdpdfrati~w | -.0957813 .1387042 -0.69 0.490 -.3676366 .176074 lpopau | 2.726874 .9765664 2.79 0.005 .8128389 4.640909 lpop | .1893174 .0528724 3.58 0.000 .0856894 .2929453 lxrate1 | -.0328622 .0131339 -2.50 0.012 -.0586042 -.0071202 lremote | -.0307807 .0933474 -0.33 0.742 -.2137381 .1521768 ldist | -3.081645 .3403121 -9.06 0.000 -3.748644 -2.414645 lopen | -.0324149 .0259231 -1.25 0.211 -.0832231 .0183934 english | 1.562108 .169517 9.22 0.000 1.22986 1.894355 white | 19.91675 1.251603 15.91 0.000 17.46366 22.36985 lwhitemg | -1.622447 .1190687 -13.63 0.000 -1.855818 -1.389077 _cons | -20.56849 10.75285 -1.91 0.056 -41.64368 .5067074

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000149 lgdp | -.000114 .001701 lgdpau | .000168 -.000685 .074576lgdpdfrati~w | -.000019 .000246 -.005918 .019239 lpopau | -.001036 .004474 -.253237 .026493 .953682 lpop | -7.6e-06 -.001564 .000042 .000075 -.003864 .002795 lxrate1 | .000013 6.5e-06 .000332 .000302 -.002753 .000021 .000172 lremote | .000147 .00098 -.005282 -.000343 .014567 -.000444 .000086 ldist | .000655 .002553 -.006731 .000833 .025561 9.8e-06 -.000382 lopen | .000026 -.000093 .000024 -.000023 -.00195 .000141 -.000013 english | -.000258 .000484 -.000958 -.000526 .011147 .0015 -.000036 white | .00058 -.007229 .001349 -.002135 -.032056 .013141 .000329 lwhitemg | -.000073 .000227 -.00026 .000066 .001801 -.000933 8.6e-06 _cons | .007201 -.102477 2.37406 -.316462 -9.6029 .057923 .038444

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .008714 ldist | .009867 .115812 lopen | .000066 -.000129 .000672 english | .001277 .026423 -.000232 .028736 white | .005617 .034432 .000344 .040744 1.56651 lwhitemg | -.000264 -.00518 .000013 -.004623 -.144577 .014177 _cons | -.289689 -1.50873 .032552 -.460739 .063381 .039196 115.624

. xtgls lrxsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 747.59Log likelihood = -1301.436 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2143433 .0584017 3.67 0.000 .099878 .3288086 lgdp | .7096047 .1152653 6.16 0.000 .4836889 .9355204 lgdpau | -4.363406 1.782082 -2.45 0.014 -7.856223 -.8705902lgdpdfrati~w | .1074612 .8026179 0.13 0.893 -1.465641 1.680563 lpopau | 12.20942 6.170767 1.98 0.048 .1149367 24.3039 lpop | .1348653 .1300448 1.04 0.300 -.1200178 .3897483 lxrate1 | -.0455609 .0377358 -1.21 0.227 -.1195218 .0284 lremote | -.8901234 .3339763 -2.67 0.008 -1.544705 -.235542 ldist | -2.900235 .4503065 -6.44 0.000 -3.782819 -2.01765 lopen | -.2066938 .1809207 -1.14 0.253 -.5612919 .1479043 english | .3657398 .272446 1.34 0.179 -.1682447 .8997242 white | 10.84033 1.524998 7.11 0.000 7.851387 13.82927 lwhitemg | -1.246086 .1584754 -7.86 0.000 -1.556692 -.9354802 _cons | -67.6187 57.77397 -1.17 0.242 -180.8536 45.61621------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003411

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lgdp | -.00473 .013286 lgdpau | -.004727 .009367 3.17582lgdpdfrati~w | -.004882 .005543 -.045138 .644195 lpopau | .019875 -.0549 -10.7252 .412441 38.0784 lpop | .001871 -.009377 .001399 -.002701 -.015545 .016912 lxrate1 | -.000432 .001696 .001954 .003943 -.011409 -.001466 .001424 lremote | .004704 -.008767 -.02156 -.058739 .040848 .00178 -.006037 ldist | .016451 -.019778 -.016939 -.036768 -.007758 .013915 -.002378 lopen | -.000348 .000074 .019393 -.004442 -.1665 .00758 -.001059 english | -.001669 .005824 .005139 .016284 -.019567 -.000449 .003674 white | .030347 -.061575 -.031243 -.031316 .174477 .065313 -.004148 lwhitemg | -.002513 .003488 -.000221 -.002193 -.002498 -.00511 -.000206 _cons | -.340863 .793683 94.802 -5.54009 -349.911 .021017 .191555

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .11154 ldist | .048662 .202776 lopen | .01645 .010759 .032732 english | -.01721 .019419 -.007633 .074227 white | .060836 .201712 -.006228 .109259 2.32562 lwhitemg | .004737 -.01884 .001427 -.013555 -.231299 .025114 _cons | -1.32956 -1.60161 1.92181 -.005625 -4.34809 .208398 3337.83

. xtgls lrxsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 291.27Log likelihood = -716.9464 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0624423 .044195 1.41 0.158 -.0241783 .1490628 lgdp | .1026847 .1078149 0.95 0.341 -.1086286 .313998 lgdpau | -.0145663 .8666785 -0.02 0.987 -1.713225 1.684092lgdpdfrati~w | .245859 .3031564 0.81 0.417 -.3483166 .8400347 lpopau | -1.785812 2.976131 -0.60 0.548 -7.618923 4.047298 lpop | .6435684 .1186847 5.42 0.000 .4109507 .8761862 lxrate1 | .0443499 .0329077 1.35 0.178 -.020148 .1088477 lremote | -.2718421 .2896978 -0.94 0.348 -.8396394 .2959552 ldist | -1.746345 .575615 -3.03 0.002 -2.87453 -.6181609 lopen | .0139034 .0619023 0.22 0.822 -.1074228 .1352295 english | 1.916524 .39244 4.88 0.000 1.147355 2.685692 white | 14.61653 2.440826 5.99 0.000 9.832595 19.40046 lwhitemg | -1.169386 .2225967 -5.25 0.000 -1.605668 -.7331049 _cons | 37.11046 28.61408 1.30 0.195 -18.97211 93.19303------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001953 lgdp | -.001566 .011624 lgdpau | .001824 -.00164 .751132lgdpdfrati~w | -.001584 .002652 -.026636 .091904 lpopau | -.012493 -.00336 -2.50957 .092634 8.85736 lpop | .00018 -.008798 -.000984 -.000361 .004862 .014086 lxrate1 | .000148 .000414 .001448 .002048 -.010502 -.000555 .001083 lremote | .000955 .0065 -.042956 -.013779 .137057 -.00544 -.000881

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ldist | .007242 -.000966 -.002086 -.002601 -.051715 .009559 .002152 lopen | .000147 -.000522 -.002964 .0045 .006275 .001139 -.000095 english | -.00419 -.007923 .008195 .008621 -.025005 .01268 .002364 white | .005149 -.059644 .047899 -.006395 -.172596 .073413 .000783 lwhitemg | -.000813 .003024 -.007967 -.000488 .033346 -.005407 -.000156 _cons | .107419 -.062684 22.3849 -.836964 -81.8487 -.123771 .116131

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .083925 ldist | .02387 .331333 lopen | 6.4e-06 .000142 .003832 english | -.024161 .073439 -.000734 .154009 white | -.033239 .145232 .004042 .225417 5.95763 lwhitemg | .007048 -.019491 -.00029 -.021678 -.522273 .049549 _cons | -2.15383 -2.6416 -.036972 -.342012 .609096 -.194738 818.766

. xtgls lrxsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 232.13Log likelihood = -777.9213 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0161913 .0427131 0.38 0.705 -.0675248 .0999074 lgdp | .0781078 .0818338 0.95 0.340 -.0822835 .2384991 lgdpau | .1952985 .7155985 0.27 0.785 -1.207249 1.597846lgdpdfrati~w | -.0227735 .26227 -0.09 0.931 -.5368133 .4912663 lpopau | -.4735296 2.46654 -0.19 0.848 -5.30786 4.360801 lpop | .5058136 .1020772 4.96 0.000 .3057459 .7058812 lxrate1 | -.0066074 .0218063 -0.30 0.762 -.0493468 .0361321 lremote | .2715315 .2469649 1.10 0.272 -.2125107 .7555738 ldist | -2.619721 .3992663 -6.56 0.000 -3.402269 -1.837173 lopen | .0201939 .0524111 0.39 0.700 -.08253 .1229178 english | .7229362 .3526743 2.05 0.040 .0317074 1.414165 white | -.6705776 1.803721 -0.37 0.710 -4.205806 2.86465 lwhitemg | .1180727 .1774786 0.67 0.506 -.229779 .4659244 _cons | 16.93167 24.06942 0.70 0.482 -30.24354 64.10687------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001824 lgdp | -.001286 .006697 lgdpau | -.000504 .000951 .512081lgdpdfrati~w | -.000284 .000511 -.038526 .068786 lpopau | -.004805 -.002329 -1.70985 .129962 6.08382 lpop | -.000118 -.004893 -.000418 -.000843 -.010455 .01042 lxrate1 | .000153 .000028 -.000362 .001367 -.003303 -.000167 .000476 lremote | .002408 .003296 -.030236 -.009197 .094496 -.003255 -.000245 ldist | .004901 -.003417 -.017648 -.002593 .045365 .00055 .000512 lopen | -.0001 .000233 .002596 .000446 -.011599 .000716 -.000043 english | -.00408 -.002981 .00039 .002242 .017865 .000733 .000694 white | .00471 -.032449 -.010986 -.015065 -.050331 .038354 .002112 lwhitemg | -.000588 .001761 -.001812 .000779 .014358 -.002356 -.000173 _cons | .047693 -.049555 15.3904 -1.11018 -57.2335 .155878 .059856

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| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .060992 ldist | .031062 .159414 lopen | .000341 -.001046 .002747 english | -.011745 .049292 -.001758 .124379 white | .035807 .030733 -.00105 .143434 3.25341 lwhitemg | -.000336 -.001537 .00013 -.012886 -.309864 .031499 _cons | -1.62709 -2.04721 .116353 -.628579 .589617 -.170669 579.337

. xtgls lrxsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 567.19Log likelihood = -1033.074 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1099515 .0746412 1.47 0.141 -.0363427 .2562456 lgdp | .6431767 .1378885 4.66 0.000 .3729202 .9134331 lgdpau | -.5921404 .7901297 -0.75 0.454 -2.140766 .9564854lgdpdfrati~w | -.661884 .3633946 -1.82 0.069 -1.374124 .0503564 lpopau | 6.627126 2.67057 2.48 0.013 1.392904 11.86135 lpop | .1808707 .1272882 1.42 0.155 -.0686095 .430351 lxrate1 | -.1487461 .0345059 -4.31 0.000 -.2163764 -.0811159 lremote | .185897 .2268805 0.82 0.413 -.2587806 .6305747 ldist | -3.017491 .4433503 -6.81 0.000 -3.886442 -2.14854 lopen | .1121392 .0907806 1.24 0.217 -.0657874 .2900659 english | .8659577 .2699992 3.21 0.001 .3367691 1.395146 white | 12.64864 1.969173 6.42 0.000 8.789129 16.50814 lwhitemg | -1.228864 .1866025 -6.59 0.000 -1.594598 -.8631294 _cons | -80.67632 25.4051 -3.18 0.001 -130.4694 -30.88323------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005571 lgdp | -.006323 .019013 lgdpau | -.004653 .005806 .624305lgdpdfrati~w | -3.6e-06 -.001407 .035726 .132056 lpopau | .01533 -.028252 -2.03451 -.049035 7.13195 lpop | .001557 -.012137 -.001491 .001861 .003951 .016202 lxrate1 | .000448 .00099 .000688 .000501 -.003874 -.001274 .001191 lremote | .000701 .005944 -.030544 -.026581 .026959 -.005609 .001604 ldist | .014512 -.009843 -.023195 -.003885 .076478 .001366 .000556 lopen | -.000143 .000032 .001488 .001919 -.026493 .001907 -.000526 english | -.00556 .017305 .001145 -.003495 -.008165 -.013656 -.000264 white | .03032 -.054241 -.056962 -.034946 .098188 .05 -.002302 lwhitemg | -.002761 .0024 .002113 .000659 -.004138 -.002353 .000103 _cons | -.193306 .149881 17.7431 .013005 -65.4036 .023378 .017658

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .051475 ldist | .020056 .19656 lopen | .002141 -.00059 .008241 english | .007532 .030705 -.003965 .0729 white | .043559 .09965 -.004026 .033318 3.87764

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lwhitemg | -.000652 -.011636 .000286 -.006019 -.356119 .03482 _cons | -.318026 -2.6019 .365097 -.411257 -1.21277 .133068 645.419

. xtgls lrxsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 793.23Log likelihood = -1127.432 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2490675 .0751219 3.32 0.001 .1018313 .3963037 lgdp | .6101563 .1137518 5.36 0.000 .3872069 .8331058 lgdpau | .1740739 1.183598 0.15 0.883 -2.145735 2.493883lgdpdfrati~w | -1.159046 .5690575 -2.04 0.042 -2.274378 -.0437134 lpopau | 2.220648 4.030968 0.55 0.582 -5.679904 10.1212 lpop | -.0366688 .121615 -0.30 0.763 -.2750299 .2016922 lxrate1 | -.0291425 .0380763 -0.77 0.444 -.1037706 .0454856 lremote | .3950079 .282947 1.40 0.163 -.159558 .9495738 ldist | -2.647119 .4417795 -5.99 0.000 -3.512991 -1.781247 lopen | -.0986814 .0923589 -1.07 0.285 -.2797015 .0823388 english | 1.221633 .3041645 4.02 0.000 .6254816 1.817784 white | 11.65344 1.356495 8.59 0.000 8.994764 14.31213 lwhitemg | -1.14629 .1302759 -8.80 0.000 -1.401626 -.8909539 _cons | -28.93453 37.71084 -0.77 0.443 -102.8464 44.97735------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005643 lgdp | -.00565 .012939 lgdpau | -.005725 .008977 1.4009lgdpdfrati~w | -.003926 .00493 .044274 .323826 lpopau | .015064 -.033002 -4.6312 .03143 16.2487 lpop | .001455 -.009635 -.004276 -.00122 .012086 .01479 lxrate1 | .000565 .00073 .001451 .000232 -.009871 -.001178 .00145 lremote | .004776 -.002392 -.031509 -.049401 .002078 -.001377 .001796 ldist | .014834 -.009179 -.028224 -.024599 .058749 .002636 .000515 lopen | -.000331 .000902 .001295 .000878 -.026708 .000735 -.000336 english | -.006786 .012832 .006822 .003012 -.011653 -.008845 -.00084 white | .03021 -.055086 -.057639 -.043898 .11624 .057788 -.001436 lwhitemg | -.002504 .0032 .002175 -.00074 -.007513 -.003877 .000176 _cons | -.21033 .305351 40.4646 -1.42735 -148.259 -.119494 .098974

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .080059 ldist | .045672 .195169 lopen | .003899 .001321 .00853 english | .000593 .038477 -.002877 .092516 white | .078935 .112962 -.008053 .017608 1.84008 lwhitemg | -.001338 -.01113 .000505 -.003705 -.168812 .016972 _cons | -.249549 -2.40003 .341379 -.485311 -2.0193 .192564 1422.11

. xtgls lrxsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 421.92Log likelihood = -1193.45 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2167097 .0512839 4.23 0.000 .1161951 .3172243 lgdp | .3037604 .1039154 2.92 0.003 .10009 .5074308 lgdpau | -2.403839 1.4386 -1.67 0.095 -5.223443 .415765lgdpdfrati~w | -2.314876 .6495816 -3.56 0.000 -3.588032 -1.041719 lpopau | 7.192715 4.920164 1.46 0.144 -2.450628 16.83606 lpop | .1198418 .0790822 1.52 0.130 -.0351565 .2748401 lxrate1 | -.1078901 .0389401 -2.77 0.006 -.1842112 -.031569 lremote | 1.127301 .2717089 4.15 0.000 .5947615 1.659841 ldist | -1.26977 .413904 -3.07 0.002 -2.081007 -.4585328 lopen | .0050196 .1193578 0.04 0.966 -.2289174 .2389567 english | .5834664 .1924851 3.03 0.002 .2062026 .9607302 white | 7.644498 1.34292 5.69 0.000 5.012423 10.27657 lwhitemg | -.6060971 .1304951 -4.64 0.000 -.8618628 -.3503313 _cons | -55.34022 45.62679 -1.21 0.225 -144.7671 34.08664------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00263 lgdp | -.00262 .010798 lgdpau | -.003908 .007034 2.06957lgdpdfrati~w | -.001543 .000834 .077526 .421956 lpopau | .014332 -.041523 -6.91843 -.10972 24.208 lpop | .00062 -.005644 -.000751 -.001266 .004212 .006254 lxrate1 | .0002 .001649 .001188 .000827 -.008106 -.001586 .001516 lremote | .000495 .000048 -.028223 -.04783 .050863 .001913 -.001201 ldist | .012257 -.005467 -.023988 -.025265 .036908 .005064 .001954 lopen | -.000146 .000382 .010111 .001749 -.06798 .003166 -.000418 english | -.002977 .005933 .008638 .007667 -.03086 .000552 .001163 white | .013627 -.030677 -.0271 -.060049 .081852 .03101 -.005412 lwhitemg | -.001502 .000838 -.000911 .00086 .005153 -.001769 .000039 _cons | -.22176 .409331 60.7461 .01396 -220.105 -.080985 .075968

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .073826 ldist | .040581 .171317 lopen | .004773 .008338 .014246 english | -.009893 .001996 -.001639 .03705 white | .050592 .111018 .004558 .044513 1.80343 lwhitemg | .001797 -.011736 -.000562 -.005364 -.165271 .017029 _cons | -1.11619 -1.97818 .694541 .200329 -1.97756 .053724 2081.8

. xtgls lrxsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000

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Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 504.45Log likelihood = -972.0199 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1390947 .0509307 2.73 0.006 .0392723 .238917 lgdp | .4996379 .0995938 5.02 0.000 .3044376 .6948382 lgdpau | -1.341881 1.355507 -0.99 0.322 -3.998626 1.314864lgdpdfrati~w | -1.128409 .5601836 -2.01 0.044 -2.226348 -.0304688 lpopau | 4.143093 4.658699 0.89 0.374 -4.987789 13.27397 lpop | .0503611 .0985164 0.51 0.609 -.1427276 .2434498 lxrate1 | -.0288148 .0387486 -0.74 0.457 -.1047606 .0471311 lremote | -.8672349 .3043025 -2.85 0.004 -1.463657 -.270813 ldist | -2.880638 .4595123 -6.27 0.000 -3.781266 -1.98001 lopen | -.0347197 .1055146 -0.33 0.742 -.2415246 .1720851 english | .7648486 .1996396 3.83 0.000 .3735621 1.156135 white | 11.13858 1.701389 6.55 0.000 7.803923 14.47325 lwhitemg | -1.116264 .1513634 -7.37 0.000 -1.41293 -.819597 _cons | -5.994489 43.73842 -0.14 0.891 -91.72021 79.73123------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002594 lgdp | -.002471 .009919 lgdpau | -.003138 .005786 1.8374lgdpdfrati~w | -.001303 .00011 -.031808 .313806 lpopau | .01088 -.029103 -6.16869 .19303 21.7035 lpop | -.000281 -.005993 -.00138 .000754 .005668 .009705 lxrate1 | .000035 .001482 .002333 .001687 -.013671 -.001554 .001501 lremote | .00407 .000409 -.02187 -.036847 .056064 -.002605 -.001384 ldist | .011748 -.008263 -.023335 -.015759 .059754 .003213 -.000645 lopen | -.000205 -.000324 .00568 .005378 -.048366 .0023 -.000062 english | -.002401 .003018 .007748 .006254 -.027386 -.00125 .002263 white | .012262 -.036436 .017717 -.022848 -.012068 .037984 -.005792 lwhitemg | -.001007 .001288 -.003201 -.000407 .007749 -.002368 .000313 _cons | -.199365 .287255 54.477 -2.2305 -199.048 -.07824 .168208

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .0926 ldist | .051365 .211152 lopen | .003139 .001388 .011133 english | -.018269 .008399 -.002314 .039856 white | .034018 .12187 -.000582 .034958 2.89473 lwhitemg | .001483 -.011442 .000217 -.003503 -.248686 .022911 _cons | -1.60025 -2.76266 .589176 .26664 -1.5729 .068142 1913.05

. xtgls lrxsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 801.05Log likelihood = -1561.288 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

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-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4297016 .0687288 6.25 0.000 .2949957 .5644076 lgdp | .2223142 .1277042 1.74 0.082 -.0279815 .4726099 lgdpau | -2.069506 1.665342 -1.24 0.214 -5.333516 1.194503lgdpdfrati~w | -.9761125 .5547593 -1.76 0.078 -2.063421 .1111957 lpopau | 17.22777 5.680446 3.03 0.002 6.094297 28.36123 lpop | .4841515 .1211618 4.00 0.000 .2466786 .7216243 lxrate1 | -.1169995 .0421038 -2.78 0.005 -.1995214 -.0344776 lremote | .3208706 .3097847 1.04 0.300 -.2862961 .9280374 ldist | -1.743141 .4449408 -3.92 0.000 -2.615209 -.8710734 lopen | -.1238422 .1362357 -0.91 0.363 -.3908592 .1431749 english | .4405797 .2745861 1.60 0.109 -.0975992 .9787586 white | 17.02577 2.507926 6.79 0.000 12.11033 21.94122 lwhitemg | -1.633372 .2426009 -6.73 0.000 -2.108861 -1.157883 _cons | -227.9188 52.7747 -4.32 0.000 -331.3553 -124.4823------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004724 lgdp | -.005456 .016308 lgdpau | -.006252 .009018 2.77336lgdpdfrati~w | -.002122 .003064 -.034986 .307758 lpopau | .020626 -.043901 -9.23682 .120066 32.2675 lpop | .001738 -.010815 -.003766 -.001733 .009896 .01468 lxrate1 | -.000121 .001598 -.001026 .003381 -.00487 -.001354 .001773 lremote | .00506 -.001908 -.047731 -.017897 .065411 .001692 .001286 ldist | .016106 -.011059 -.034214 -.00284 .102015 .00834 -.000925 lopen | -.00051 -.000105 .006468 .008237 -.04324 .003643 -.000341 english | -.005001 .011721 .009992 .000955 -.056747 -.00693 .001263 white | .018868 -.048541 -.066837 -.045149 -.036666 .061008 .005038 lwhitemg | -.001446 .001818 .001002 .001515 .01199 -.003288 -.000431 _cons | -.306112 .437338 81.1407 -1.2341 -294.021 -.148843 .080672

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .095967 ldist | .045779 .197972 lopen | .005459 .003388 .01856 english | -.012242 .021556 -.004817 .075398 white | .136572 -.011239 -.000232 -.025892 6.28969 lwhitemg | -.004819 .001681 .000148 .001717 -.597125 .058855 _cons | -1.10087 -3.05977 .421056 .424237 1.30028 -.178013 2785.17

.

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. . clear

. insheet using k:\book1.txt(104 vars, 1010 obs)

. *Dropping Phillipinnes

. drop if ccode==536200(10 observations deleted)

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op> en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta> t)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 489339.5 1561652 7348 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 32557.58 116940.3 2790 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.78e+11 9.70e+11 1.63e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.5779 16.86176 102.6999 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.89e+07 1.54e+08 1.02e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1042.905 10901.73 13.89535 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6730.475 4145.415 6764 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13441.33 3458.016 14305 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7076993 .3897514 .63385 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .37 .4830459 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.051255 .1803939 1.015772 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" cou> ntries)--RHS Variables:. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remo> te dist phone open english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median > min max) col(stat)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 402811.2 1597989 2944.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 13857.38 25895.12 1403.5 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.36e+11 1.00e+12 1.00e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 104.6873 17.20614 101.6682 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.27e+07 1.65e+08 1.03e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1182.748 11681.76 22.5173 .0068 270182.6 remote | 870 7155.521 4116.618 6927 1293 39620 dist | 870 13282.45 3337.525 14051 2410 17972 phone | 870 158.875 242.0673 49.5 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7150354 .4112553 .62865 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3793103 .4854945 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.042631 .1851302 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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.

.

. **Regression of Exports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Exports

. xtgls lrexp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6768.89Log likelihood = -1027.206 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5485267 .0377747 14.52 0.000 .4744897 .6225638 lgdp | 1.047447 .0374233 27.99 0.000 .9740989 1.120795 lgdpau | -3.748437 .9011869 -4.16 0.000 -5.514731 -1.982143lgdpdfrati~w | -1.707357 .3572981 -4.78 0.000 -2.407648 -1.007065 lpopau | 6.613555 3.143602 2.10 0.035 .4522072 12.7749 lpop | .0047661 .0425691 0.11 0.911 -.0786679 .0882 lxrate1 | -.0030597 .0154396 -0.20 0.843 -.0333208 .0272014 lremote | .0247295 .0870012 0.28 0.776 -.1457897 .1952487 ldist | -1.709848 .1704434 -10.03 0.000 -2.043911 -1.375785 lopen | .7982475 .0851165 9.38 0.000 .6314223 .9650727 english | .2688949 .096972 2.77 0.006 .0788332 .4589565 white | 3.31446 .5737384 5.78 0.000 2.189954 4.438967 lwhitemg | -.4028563 .0520217 -7.74 0.000 -.5048169 -.3008956 _cons | -13.00902 29.20573 -0.45 0.656 -70.2512 44.23315------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001427 lgdp | -.000803 .001401 lgdpau | -.002993 .002612 .812138lgdpdfrati~w | .000921 -.001249 -.027986 .127662 lpopau | .011888 -.011171 -2.78381 .15438 9.88224 lpop | .000093 -.000776 .000606 -.000125 -.005219 .001812 lxrate1 | -1.3e-06 .000192 .000015 -.000079 -.000372 -.000086 .000238 lremote | -.000379 .001258 .004674 -.003263 -.028113 -.000103 .000093 ldist | .003319 -.001797 -.003522 .002096 -.001457 .001559 .000666 lopen | -.000599 .000409 .01112 -.003212 -.063428 .000824 -.00007 english | -.000676 .001397 -.003003 .002128 .020882 -.000865 .000464 white | .007528 -.002018 -.008771 -.006828 .017949 .010407 .001424 lwhitemg | -.000833 .000232 .000939 .00031 -.002127 -.000932 -.000115 _cons | -.1426 .108805 24.8616 -1.93298 -90.6535 .046151 -.005403

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .007569 ldist | .004828 .029051 lopen | .002849 .002221 .007245 english | -.000559 -.000043 -.003604 .009404 white | .013349 .029974 -.00194 .004531 .329176

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lwhitemg | -.000958 -.003054 .000148 -.000178 -.029447 .002706 _cons | .211961 -.211983 .708412 -.287692 -.666352 .065924 852.975

.

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6807.33Log likelihood = -1458.26 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .335146 .045712 7.33 0.000 .2455521 .4247399 lgdp | 1.094013 .0676325 16.18 0.000 .9614554 1.22657 lgdpau | -.2570923 .5252943 -0.49 0.625 -1.28665 .7724657lgdpdfrati~w | -.2088925 .3003199 -0.70 0.487 -.7975088 .3797237 lpopau | 2.973277 1.888418 1.57 0.115 -.7279552 6.674508 lpop | .0332983 .0945787 0.35 0.725 -.1520725 .2186691 lxrate1 | -.0362222 .0301326 -1.20 0.229 -.0952811 .0228366 lremote | -.2622024 .1679332 -1.56 0.118 -.5913454 .0669407 ldist | -3.085116 .4124229 -7.48 0.000 -3.89345 -2.276782 lopen | -.0771448 .0560691 -1.38 0.169 -.1870383 .0327486 english | .6071882 .181679 3.34 0.001 .2511038 .9632726 white | 7.665068 1.09785 6.98 0.000 5.513322 9.816815 lwhitemg | -.8318361 .1168261 -7.12 0.000 -1.060811 -.6028611 _cons | -33.47708 19.04647 -1.76 0.079 -70.80748 3.853318------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00209 lgdp | -.001588 .004574 lgdpau | .001189 -.001378 .275934lgdpdfrati~w | -.001887 .003142 -.025317 .090192 lpopau | -.005548 .003924 -.955052 .111695 3.56612 lpop | -.00011 -.004835 .003547 -.001376 -.019294 .008945 lxrate1 | .000139 .000385 .000635 .002629 -.006533 -.000563 .000908 lremote | .000085 .000407 -.022204 .00296 .093729 -.003734 .000605 ldist | .009008 -.010059 .001966 .002459 -.024349 .004089 .002157 lopen | .000041 -.000223 .00251 .001087 -.01196 .001149 -.000366 english | -.00115 -.00156 .006188 .004214 -.04588 .003497 .001598 white | .010484 -.025846 .022679 -.003899 -.157163 .032762 .001747 lwhitemg | -.001522 .002017 -.004647 .000625 .023456 -.002123 -.00014 _cons | .00236 .039965 8.77622 -1.3809 -34.5535 .193396 .059314

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .028202 ldist | .005442 .170093 lopen | -.001911 .000618 .003144 english | -.00518 -.00215 -.000668 .033007 white | -.012996 .047056 .002714 .040704 1.20527 lwhitemg | .004253 -.006216 -.000593 -.001956 -.122924 .013648 _cons | -1.23003 -1.21379 .132434 .628603 1.67099 -.2494 362.768

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.

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3521.74Log likelihood = -1565.834 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4532198 .0550477 8.23 0.000 .3453282 .5611114 lgdp | 1.098235 .0634829 17.30 0.000 .9738103 1.222659 lgdpau | 2.056865 2.062256 1.00 0.319 -1.985082 6.098812lgdpdfrati~w | -1.97493 .8379105 -2.36 0.018 -3.617204 -.3326554 lpopau | -7.664084 7.097418 -1.08 0.280 -21.57477 6.246601 lpop | -.1722764 .0803376 -2.14 0.032 -.3297353 -.0148176 lxrate1 | -.0651633 .028353 -2.30 0.022 -.1207342 -.0095924 lremote | .0231332 .2014457 0.11 0.909 -.3716932 .4179595 ldist | -2.255253 .2379606 -9.48 0.000 -2.721647 -1.788858 lopen | .088674 .0903129 0.98 0.326 -.0883361 .265684 english | .6767244 .1818768 3.72 0.000 .3202524 1.033196 white | 2.476182 1.155575 2.14 0.032 .2112964 4.741068 lwhitemg | -.2423439 .1052686 -2.30 0.021 -.4486666 -.0360212 _cons | 76.63719 65.30206 1.17 0.241 -51.3525 204.6269------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00303 lgdp | -.0021 .00403 lgdpau | -.002882 .005701 4.2529lgdpdfrati~w | -.003758 .001601 -.205174 .702094 lpopau | .009711 -.027677 -14.4188 .971932 50.3733 lpop | .00019 -.003393 -.000955 .001351 .006268 .006454 lxrate1 | .000205 .00048 .000943 -.000498 -.007365 -.00083 .000804 lremote | .004196 -.002646 .002184 -.008484 -.027398 -.000303 .000904 ldist | .006687 -.00598 -.006753 .011878 .016188 .002716 .002935 lopen | -.000396 .000729 .014692 .002391 -.076171 .001186 -.000145 english | -.003163 .002553 .000751 .011083 .007129 -.003278 .001264 white | .020833 -.02028 .036883 -.12667 -.17249 .010668 .002627 lwhitemg | -.001908 .00138 -.003102 .010736 .014222 -.00027 -.000171 _cons | -.157581 .361356 127.794 -11.5576 -458.039 -.12611 .059879

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .04058 ldist | .021246 .056625 lopen | .003889 .000395 .008156 english | -.01449 .001862 -.003241 .033079 white | .079103 .031009 -.002424 -.014031 1.33535 lwhitemg | -.004564 -.000759 .000339 .001211 -.118209 .011081 _cons | -.109035 -.787824 .813561 -.043959 1.17003 -.131479 4264.36

.

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Exports (conservative)

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. xtgls lrhomo_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1189.52Log likelihood = -1654.785 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .6401053 .0646664 9.90 0.000 .5133615 .7668491 lgdp | .6466558 .1085412 5.96 0.000 .4339188 .8593927 lgdpau | 1.232861 1.80511 0.68 0.495 -2.305089 4.770812lgdpdfrati~w | -.1148332 .6493435 -0.18 0.860 -1.387523 1.157857 lpopau | -10.50405 6.185853 -1.70 0.089 -22.6281 1.62 lpop | .1411266 .1082642 1.30 0.192 -.0710674 .3533206 lxrate1 | .0695477 .0435477 1.60 0.110 -.0158043 .1548996 lremote | -1.042958 .3074833 -3.39 0.001 -1.645614 -.4403016 ldist | -.7785171 .6030262 -1.29 0.197 -1.960427 .4033926 lopen | .231387 .1107533 2.09 0.037 .0143145 .4484595 english | .1833326 .3236075 0.57 0.571 -.4509264 .8175916 white | 12.38168 2.88914 4.29 0.000 6.719069 18.04429 lwhitemg | -1.421247 .2967268 -4.79 0.000 -2.002821 -.8396735 _cons | 142.922 57.81937 2.47 0.013 29.59813 256.2459------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004182 lgdp | -.004711 .011781 lgdpau | .002632 -.003976 3.25842lgdpdfrati~w | -.007149 .013532 -.09817 .421647 lpopau | -.015566 .002754 -10.8987 .486751 38.2648 lpop | .00067 -.00638 -.001611 -.003041 .006358 .011721 lxrate1 | -.000112 .001337 .003335 .003734 -.025084 -.001315 .001896 lremote | .002026 .007288 -.051463 .008097 .140144 -.006515 -.000323 ldist | .021552 -.01699 -.007826 -.013197 -.069979 .011947 .001685 lopen | -.001115 .001453 -.017406 .003728 .031999 .001589 .000345 english | -.004808 .006334 .022363 .018478 -.104337 .0057 .00431 white | .016425 -.037789 .142444 -.030456 -.668563 .039105 .003714 lwhitemg | -.001618 .002506 -.01737 .002045 .07988 -.003179 -.000342 _cons | .046405 .001659 96.0023 -6.1214 -350.038 -.15843 .296773

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .094546 ldist | .054333 .363641 lopen | .002859 -.00524 .012266 english | -.025234 -.006031 -.00154 .104722 white | -.00203 -.008605 -.005958 .123969 8.34713 lwhitemg | .004397 -.000094 .000662 -.013744 -.845524 .088047 _cons | -2.38455 -2.48842 -.095362 1.161 7.59001 -.903789 3343.08

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2124.07Log likelihood = -1464.209 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3194942 .0458241 6.97 0.000 .2296807 .4093077 lgdp | 1.017132 .0839337 12.12 0.000 .8526248 1.181639 lgdpau | -.0213511 .5203173 -0.04 0.967 -1.041154 .9984521lgdpdfrati~w | -.0122324 .2767324 -0.04 0.965 -.554618 .5301532 lpopau | -3.233212 1.842839 -1.75 0.079 -6.845111 .3786862 lpop | .0831848 .1028365 0.81 0.419 -.1183711 .2847406 lxrate1 | .0081247 .0297753 0.27 0.785 -.0502337 .0664832 lremote | -.2102088 .1598405 -1.32 0.188 -.5234904 .1030728 ldist | -2.207608 .5037553 -4.38 0.000 -3.19495 -1.220265 lopen | -.0081296 .0546644 -0.15 0.882 -.1152698 .0990107 english | .9979056 .2481762 4.02 0.000 .5114891 1.484322 white | 10.62784 2.080778 5.11 0.000 6.54959 14.70609 lwhitemg | -1.066425 .2035573 -5.24 0.000 -1.46539 -.6674604 _cons | 54.99477 18.56803 2.96 0.003 18.60209 91.38744------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0021 lgdp | -.002343 .007045 lgdpau | .001463 -.003291 .27073lgdpdfrati~w | -.001785 .003933 -.02683 .076581 lpopau | -.007737 .012121 -.930404 .121229 3.39606 lpop | .000736 -.006233 .004287 -.003101 -.023422 .010575 lxrate1 | .000105 .000197 .001563 .001835 -.008279 -.000394 .000887 lremote | .000462 .000807 -.020711 .003494 .079079 -.003543 .000108 ldist | .006515 -.009568 -.001487 .00052 -.013893 .007373 .002413 lopen | .00002 -.000207 .001904 .001252 -.009032 .001003 -.000264 english | -.001913 .000385 .008613 .004213 -.031976 .001684 .002196 white | .008989 -.029107 .026477 -.000209 -.154442 .035671 .011634 lwhitemg | -.001062 .001874 -.003981 .000132 .020381 -.002243 -.001047 _cons | .055939 -.084976 8.54898 -1.46269 -32.4587 .211784 .067599

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .025549 ldist | .012293 .253769 lopen | -.001293 -.000899 .002988 english | -.006808 .027249 -.0008 .061591 white | .027345 -.223596 -.004375 .023782 4.32964 lwhitemg | -.000606 .023453 .00021 -.000433 -.41918 .041436 _cons | -1.07885 -2.22107 .110396 .046894 3.75575 -.450307 344.772

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedastic

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Correlation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3201.52Log likelihood = -1583.344 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4123519 .0579941 7.11 0.000 .2986855 .5260183 lgdp | 1.196657 .0699668 17.10 0.000 1.059525 1.33379 lgdpau | 1.744835 2.148873 0.81 0.417 -2.466878 5.956547lgdpdfrati~w | -2.063712 .84349 -2.45 0.014 -3.716922 -.4105018 lpopau | -6.830328 7.392574 -0.92 0.356 -21.31951 7.65885 lpop | -.2789738 .0823247 -3.39 0.001 -.4403273 -.1176203 lxrate1 | -.0278236 .0285737 -0.97 0.330 -.083827 .0281798 lremote | .1456133 .1974302 0.74 0.461 -.2413429 .5325694 ldist | -2.212794 .23986 -9.23 0.000 -2.682911 -1.742677 lopen | .1065545 .0988224 1.08 0.281 -.0871338 .3002428 english | .8210597 .1982917 4.14 0.000 .4324151 1.209704 white | 2.672854 1.16927 2.29 0.022 .3811264 4.964582 lwhitemg | -.2487998 .1069484 -2.33 0.020 -.4584149 -.0391847 _cons | 69.05421 68.01714 1.02 0.310 -64.25693 202.3654------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003363 lgdp | -.002669 .004895 lgdpau | -.003671 .006638 4.61765lgdpdfrati~w | -.004052 .002751 -.210309 .711475 lpopau | .013369 -.032699 -15.6456 .974991 54.6501 lpop | .000865 -.004113 -.001249 -.000826 .007774 .006777 lxrate1 | .000038 .000661 .000936 .000489 -.007922 -.000988 .000816 lremote | .003863 -.002523 -.000449 -.006629 -.018579 .000921 .000604 ldist | .00694 -.006106 -.009178 .012277 .023821 .003074 .002273 lopen | -.000491 .000779 .015327 .002654 -.083637 .001563 -.000189 english | -.004828 .004781 .003458 .014628 -.00627 -.004849 .001637 white | .019783 -.021175 .032318 -.120417 -.141974 .013209 .000689 lwhitemg | -.001845 .001478 -.002829 .010414 .011917 -.000471 5.8e-06 _cons | -.19546 .413086 138.616 -11.4959 -496.904 -.14685 .076576

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .038979 ldist | .021939 .057533 lopen | .0043 .00036 .009766 english | -.015399 .000542 -.003562 .03932 white | .074729 .008375 -.003025 -.023082 1.36719 lwhitemg | -.004378 .001426 .000417 .002191 -.121655 .011438 _cons | -.199529 -.867264 .912437 .104826 1.02535 -.12271 4626.33

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100

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Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2929.13Log likelihood = -1543.217 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5467123 .0442204 12.36 0.000 .4600419 .6333827 lgdp | 1.097304 .0693385 15.83 0.000 .9614033 1.233205 lgdpau | -.4252967 .6982023 -0.61 0.542 -1.793748 .9431546lgdpdfrati~w | -.5003834 .4866072 -1.03 0.304 -1.454116 .4533492 lpopau | 2.11857 2.498417 0.85 0.396 -2.778237 7.015376 lpop | -.1426597 .0844306 -1.69 0.091 -.3081405 .0228212 lxrate1 | -.0375592 .030507 -1.23 0.218 -.0973519 .0222335 lremote | -.8136442 .1961959 -4.15 0.000 -1.198181 -.4291072 ldist | -2.130914 .3179291 -6.70 0.000 -2.754043 -1.507784 lopen | .0450342 .0739038 0.61 0.542 -.0998146 .1898831 english | .8383648 .2389991 3.51 0.000 .3699351 1.306794 white | 5.89995 2.056321 2.87 0.004 1.869634 9.930265 lwhitemg | -.8113051 .2105587 -3.85 0.000 -1.223993 -.3986176 _cons | -16.81646 24.97817 -0.67 0.501 -65.77277 32.13985------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001955 lgdp | -.001937 .004808 lgdpau | .000164 -.003328 .487486lgdpdfrati~w | -.003478 .004009 -.059758 .236787 lpopau | -.00039 .005929 -1.68256 .30921 6.24209 lpop | .000126 -.003365 .003944 .000725 -.020937 .007129 lxrate1 | -.000349 .000725 .001351 .002766 -.010152 -.000352 .000931 lremote | .001612 .001532 -.028542 .002232 .121547 -.004468 .000179 ldist | .006618 -.009497 -.00431 -.000106 -.003392 .010842 .000652 lopen | .000083 -.000829 -.000417 .005125 -.004678 .001831 -.000316 english | -.001275 .001397 .016505 .00798 -.102125 .003306 .002973 white | .008371 -.012193 .038991 -.009642 -.25289 .019599 .006522 lwhitemg | -.000744 .000801 -.00491 .001421 .029342 -.001629 -.00046 _cons | -.040756 .013906 15.481 -3.92525 -60.5373 .144076 .109643

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .038493 ldist | .016764 .101079 lopen | -.001981 .001144 .005462 english | -.014968 .012822 -.001277 .057121 white | .007118 .059829 -.002205 .071756 4.22846 lwhitemg | .001639 -.004184 .000107 -.007219 -.427286 .044335 _cons | -1.73882 -.940216 .083688 1.1631 2.41902 -.318021 623.909

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Exports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrxnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 595.99Log likelihood = -1186.6 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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lrxnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4575722 .0666054 6.87 0.000 .3270279 .5881164 lgdp | .3991235 .1089107 3.66 0.000 .1856624 .6125847 lgdpau | -3.173969 1.412568 -2.25 0.025 -5.942551 -.4053868lgdpdfrati~w | -1.562551 .6472487 -2.41 0.016 -2.831135 -.2939668 lpopau | 12.75303 4.832494 2.64 0.008 3.281516 22.22455 lpop | .0834145 .1090677 0.76 0.444 -.1303541 .2971832 lxrate1 | -.1016224 .0393532 -2.58 0.010 -.1787533 -.0244916 lremote | -.2021106 .3202138 -0.63 0.528 -.8297182 .425497 ldist | -1.642697 .4087506 -4.02 0.000 -2.443833 -.8415603 lopen | -.1827901 .1522026 -1.20 0.230 -.4811017 .1155215 english | .6294677 .2520796 2.50 0.013 .1354006 1.123535 white | 12.1043 1.387444 8.72 0.000 9.384957 14.82364 lwhitemg | -1.323715 .1177448 -11.24 0.000 -1.55449 -1.092939 _cons | -116.0336 44.95497 -2.58 0.010 -204.1437 -27.92346------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004436 lgdp | -.004014 .011862 lgdpau | -.004992 .00734 1.99535lgdpdfrati~w | -.00317 .003143 .044533 .418931 lpopau | .017082 -.042249 -6.64469 .02026 23.353 lpop | .000119 -.0068 -.000179 -.000423 .000804 .011896 lxrate1 | -.000145 .001768 .000708 .000844 -.007538 -.002011 .001549 lremote | .002767 .000901 -.035868 -.059069 .023564 -.002899 .001136 ldist | .01417 -.009069 -.020066 -.011372 .021273 .009042 .001586 lopen | .000359 -.000168 .008404 -.001398 -.083067 .004316 -.000784 english | -.006221 .009666 .010936 .017643 -.021033 -.003725 .002832 white | .019077 -.038283 -.013636 -.060848 .059087 .044485 -.005829 lwhitemg | -.002046 .002046 -.002318 -.000171 .002445 -.003311 .000579 _cons | -.245099 .438184 58.2037 -1.37093 -212.806 -.093391 .066599

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .102537 ldist | .028642 .167077 lopen | .008964 .004006 .023166 english | -.018911 -.002719 -.011225 .063544 white | .033135 .136272 -.00964 .071357 1.925 lwhitemg | .005935 -.014988 .000911 -.00781 -.1522 .013864 _cons | -.544792 -1.68244 1.00035 .069571 -2.15326 .133836 2020.95

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Exports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrxmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremot> e ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1027.87Log likelihood = -980.1324 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2433983 .0431569 5.64 0.000 .1588124 .3279841 lgdp | .3435439 .0921391 3.73 0.000 .1629547 .5241332

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lgdpau | -2.440635 1.139308 -2.14 0.032 -4.673638 -.2076319lgdpdfrati~w | -3.942435 .4882165 -8.08 0.000 -4.899322 -2.985549 lpopau | 10.16281 3.928302 2.59 0.010 2.463484 17.86215 lpop | .1392399 .0759684 1.83 0.067 -.0096554 .2881352 lxrate1 | -.0693445 .0284171 -2.44 0.015 -.1250409 -.013648 lremote | .483315 .1735942 2.78 0.005 .1430766 .8235534 ldist | -2.388379 .2465763 -9.69 0.000 -2.87166 -1.905098 lopen | -.0970858 .053877 -1.80 0.072 -.2026828 .0085111 english | .4389403 .1667736 2.63 0.008 .1120701 .7658105 white | 9.257295 .8133686 11.38 0.000 7.663122 10.85147 lwhitemg | -.8396555 .071779 -11.70 0.000 -.9803398 -.6989713 _cons | -85.99596 36.53417 -2.35 0.019 -157.6016 -14.3903------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001863 lgdp | -.00263 .00849 lgdpau | -.002976 .006908 1.29802lgdpdfrati~w | -.002473 .005631 -.030466 .238355 lpopau | .01325 -.035343 -4.38911 .177253 15.4316 lpop | .001708 -.005948 -.003467 -.003443 .017107 .005771 lxrate1 | -.000159 .00129 .001121 .000801 -.007752 -.000977 .000808 lremote | .001966 -.003705 -.006355 -.01406 -.001991 .002994 3.2e-06 ldist | .005999 -.009341 -.01436 -.011146 .05969 .006919 -.000531 lopen | -.000096 .000246 .004416 .001695 -.022859 .000604 -.000067 english | -.002026 .00361 .002151 .00421 -.001741 -.00044 .000491 white | .015977 -.032283 -.030535 -.031213 .104928 .035735 -.005535 lwhitemg | -.001233 .001342 .001352 .000362 -.005158 -.002166 .000321 _cons | -.192774 .434104 38.8992 -2.22151 -141.195 -.245334 .088172

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .030135 ldist | .020749 .0608 lopen | .000652 .000028 .002903 english | -.003024 .008621 -.000838 .027813 white | .05781 .07659 .002 .009434 .661568 lwhitemg | -.002382 -.005213 -.00031 -.000848 -.054462 .005152 _cons | -.221594 -1.3006 .243995 -.16328 -2.07993 .132466 1334.75

.

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Exports

. xtgls lrxsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 743.76Log likelihood = -1447.924 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3136471 .0870677 3.60 0.000 .1429975 .4842968 lgdp | .409119 .1418384 2.88 0.004 .1311208 .6871171 lgdpau | -.7779159 1.183839 -0.66 0.511 -3.098198 1.542366lgdpdfrati~w | -.7582439 .583097 -1.30 0.193 -1.901093 .3846051 lpopau | 9.955488 4.004383 2.49 0.013 2.107043 17.80393 lpop | -.1288597 .1388112 -0.93 0.353 -.4009247 .1432053

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lxrate1 | -.0873738 .0465723 -1.88 0.061 -.1786539 .0039062 lremote | .300908 .2550452 1.18 0.238 -.1989714 .8007874 ldist | -2.134264 .4641451 -4.60 0.000 -3.043972 -1.224556 lopen | -.3863023 .1758715 -2.20 0.028 -.731004 -.0416005 english | 1.460139 .3151762 4.63 0.000 .8424055 2.077873 white | 19.05297 1.843826 10.33 0.000 15.43914 22.66681 lwhitemg | -1.857766 .1770578 -10.49 0.000 -2.204792 -1.510739 _cons | -131.4276 37.47099 -3.51 0.000 -204.8694 -57.98583------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .007581 lgdp | -.009565 .020118 lgdpau | -.009786 .010279 1.40148lgdpdfrati~w | -.002517 -.002921 .128111 .340002 lpopau | .031613 -.028722 -4.57337 -.237582 16.0351 lpop | .003261 -.012254 -.001527 .002103 -.016282 .019269 lxrate1 | .000521 .001032 -.000224 -.000056 .003106 -.002079 .002169 lremote | .002564 .002459 -.042648 -.056215 .006037 -.001236 -.000368 ldist | .019127 -.020781 -.047131 -.035022 .082233 .021878 .002558 lopen | -.000677 -.000374 .005861 -.007745 -.087405 .007299 -.001154 english | -.010813 .009532 .011675 .004691 -.058031 .003049 .003074 white | .035105 -.07575 -.038376 -.041954 .028222 .081595 .002171 lwhitemg | -.003222 .005388 .00013 .000161 -.005151 -.006208 -.000268 _cons | -.34854 .172153 39.6271 1.08531 -146.003 .075823 -.070487

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .065048 ldist | .044131 .215431 lopen | .011697 .005089 .030931 english | -.004336 .015684 -.007122 .099336 white | .033244 .161852 .000314 .108052 3.3997 lwhitemg | .00077 -.013236 .000603 -.007363 -.318503 .031349 _cons | .056146 -2.53048 1.07777 .294263 -1.08272 .201323 1404.07

. xtgls lrxsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 808.27Log likelihood = -230.3957 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0020302 .0155505 0.13 0.896 -.0284482 .0325087 lgdp | .0547378 .0393172 1.39 0.164 -.0223226 .1317981 lgdpau | .0377632 .27192 0.14 0.890 -.4951901 .5707166lgdpdfrati~w | -.1072933 .1461151 -0.73 0.463 -.3936736 .1790871 lpopau | 2.910927 .9773 2.98 0.003 .9954546 4.8264 lpop | .2134902 .0494485 4.32 0.000 .1165728 .3104075 lxrate1 | -.0326136 .0133234 -2.45 0.014 -.0587271 -.0065002 lremote | -.0472984 .0954046 -0.50 0.620 -.234288 .1396913 ldist | -3.192006 .3424452 -9.32 0.000 -3.863186 -2.520826 lopen | -.0397805 .0264036 -1.51 0.132 -.0915306 .0119696 english | 1.296449 .1516047 8.55 0.000 .9993094 1.593589 white | 19.55748 1.302697 15.01 0.000 17.00424 22.11072 lwhitemg | -1.575324 .1225795 -12.85 0.000 -1.815576 -1.335073

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_cons | -22.16004 10.8164 -2.05 0.040 -43.35978 -.9602886------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000242 lgdp | -.000138 .001546 lgdpau | .000263 -.000896 .07394lgdpdfrati~w | -.000258 .000472 -.005777 .02135 lpopau | -.001225 .004554 -.251925 .028046 .955115 lpop | -.000098 -.001245 .000026 -.000017 -.002948 .002445 lxrate1 | .00002 -.000011 .000347 .000316 -.002941 .000034 .000178 lremote | .000195 .00081 -.005906 -.000459 .017216 -.000157 .000085 ldist | .001117 .002341 -.007324 -.000156 .024403 -.000385 -.000344 lopen | .000028 -.000079 .000059 -.000032 -.001795 .000118 -.000012 english | -.00029 .0004 -.000902 -.000245 .010821 .001031 -1.1e-06 white | .000701 -.006085 .001931 -.003797 -.02895 .010142 .000446 lwhitemg | -.000113 .000162 -.00033 .000269 .001721 -.000685 -1.4e-06 _cons | .004737 -.096415 2.38453 -.340371 -9.68945 .043496 .040935

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .009102 ldist | .010659 .117269 lopen | -.000017 -.000234 .000697 english | .001148 .018511 -.000378 .022984 white | .007084 .025755 -.000056 .032713 1.69702 lwhitemg | -.000349 -.004361 .000046 -.003633 -.155039 .015026 _cons | -.3292 -1.48381 .03082 -.370091 .090465 .032674 116.994

. xtgls lrxsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 737.28Log likelihood = -1322.709 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2218273 .0587015 3.78 0.000 .1067745 .3368801 lgdp | .7055988 .1149966 6.14 0.000 .4802096 .930988 lgdpau | -5.158203 1.876202 -2.75 0.006 -8.835492 -1.480915lgdpdfrati~w | -.067426 .8430991 -0.08 0.936 -1.71987 1.585018 lpopau | 15.15875 6.496208 2.33 0.020 2.426417 27.89108 lpop | .1070902 .1297454 0.83 0.409 -.1472061 .3613865 lxrate1 | -.0576069 .0373115 -1.54 0.123 -.130736 .0155223 lremote | -.8177813 .3397632 -2.41 0.016 -1.483705 -.1518577 ldist | -2.790781 .4915058 -5.68 0.000 -3.754114 -1.827447 lopen | -.2589769 .1833606 -1.41 0.158 -.6183571 .1004033 english | .2235667 .2699632 0.83 0.408 -.3055514 .7526848 white | 10.60476 1.527952 6.94 0.000 7.610034 13.59949 lwhitemg | -1.216966 .1592614 -7.64 0.000 -1.529113 -.9048199 _cons | -96.7145 60.73456 -1.59 0.111 -215.752 22.32304------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------

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limmig | .003446 lgdp | -.004722 .013224 lgdpau | -.00441 .008876 3.52013lgdpdfrati~w | -.005271 .005883 -.068885 .710816 lpopau | .018725 -.054875 -11.8986 .524407 42.2007 lpop | .001967 -.009419 .002411 -.002185 -.018055 .016834 lxrate1 | -.000432 .001705 .001805 .004329 -.010812 -.001289 .001392 lremote | .004895 -.008933 -.020522 -.061011 .032975 .000572 -.006165 ldist | .018093 -.02014 -.015821 -.039659 -.020516 .01356 -.001909 lopen | -.000422 .000201 .02106 -.004375 -.173573 .007719 -.001133 english | -.001619 .005494 .004468 .019265 -.015957 .000797 .003655 white | .03115 -.062371 -.028236 -.026608 .176354 .06663 -.003608 lwhitemg | -.002617 .003591 -.000451 -.002861 -.002741 -.005355 -.000306 _cons | -.349002 .812982 105.235 -6.81329 -387.417 .050568 .17894

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .115439 ldist | .052513 .241578 lopen | .017288 .010872 .033621 english | -.019054 .016088 -.007523 .07288 white | .056915 .207338 -.007131 .111601 2.33464 lwhitemg | .005535 -.019815 .001556 -.013891 -.232814 .025364 _cons | -1.27219 -1.81765 1.98304 -.015307 -4.49342 .224143 3688.69

. xtgls lrxsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 262.46Log likelihood = -702.7718 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0663714 .0448982 1.48 0.139 -.0216274 .1543702 lgdp | .1057312 .1077142 0.98 0.326 -.1053847 .3168472 lgdpau | .0068947 .8859413 0.01 0.994 -1.729518 1.743308lgdpdfrati~w | .2258383 .3073735 0.73 0.463 -.3766027 .8282793 lpopau | -1.924063 3.042767 -0.63 0.527 -7.887777 4.039651 lpop | .6192749 .1171131 5.29 0.000 .3897373 .8488124 lxrate1 | .0419295 .0330353 1.27 0.204 -.0228185 .1066774 lremote | -.237479 .2906819 -0.82 0.414 -.8072051 .3322472 ldist | -1.628417 .5741187 -2.84 0.005 -2.753669 -.5031647 lopen | .0095417 .0630486 0.15 0.880 -.1140312 .1331147 english | 1.603497 .3759699 4.26 0.000 .8666098 2.340385 white | 14.08346 2.474277 5.69 0.000 9.233963 18.93295 lwhitemg | -1.11199 .2252721 -4.94 0.000 -1.553515 -.6704644 _cons | 37.73811 29.23626 1.29 0.197 -19.56391 95.04014------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1

-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002016 lgdp | -.001637 .011602 lgdpau | .001996 -.002058 .784892lgdpdfrati~w | -.001652 .002708 -.027316 .094478 lpopau | -.013299 -.00154 -2.6234 .096155 9.25843 lpop | .000223 -.008717 -.000713 -.000363 .004102 .013715

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lxrate1 | .000151 .000394 .001513 .002096 -.010943 -.000518 .001091 lremote | .000983 .006594 -.043631 -.014126 .139432 -.005444 -.000938 ldist | .007595 -.001495 -.002699 -.003823 -.048723 .008558 .002073 lopen | .000148 -.00051 -.002808 .004546 .005663 .001147 -.000094 english | -.00435 -.008074 .007426 .00875 -.021839 .012702 .002406 white | .005394 -.059817 .050519 -.005982 -.177604 .072028 .000995 lwhitemg | -.000842 .003106 -.008146 -.000505 .033596 -.005314 -.000177 _cons | .113395 -.078152 23.4042 -.866758 -85.595 -.104812 .122773

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .084496 ldist | .026082 .329612 lopen | -.000034 8.2e-06 .003975 english | -.023369 .061373 -.000771 .141353 white | -.033286 .128329 .004127 .209937 6.12205 lwhitemg | .006962 -.017249 -.0003 -.019583 -.536325 .050748 _cons | -2.20335 -2.65034 -.029652 -.261631 .810602 -.218162 854.759

. xtgls lrxsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 221.85Log likelihood = -775.8919 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004464 .0401295 0.11 0.911 -.0741883 .0831163 lgdp | .0686099 .0784634 0.87 0.382 -.0851756 .2223954 lgdpau | .0087063 .6738799 0.01 0.990 -1.312074 1.329487lgdpdfrati~w | .0201752 .239196 0.08 0.933 -.4486402 .4889907 lpopau | -.0214749 2.32224 -0.01 0.993 -4.572982 4.530032 lpop | .5265143 .0954121 5.52 0.000 .33951 .7135187 lxrate1 | -.0013101 .021246 -0.06 0.951 -.0429515 .0403313 lremote | .3382166 .2314464 1.46 0.144 -.11541 .7918431 ldist | -2.584216 .396123 -6.52 0.000 -3.360603 -1.807829 lopen | .0215686 .0501151 0.43 0.667 -.0766551 .1197923 english | .7042687 .3280403 2.15 0.032 .0613215 1.347216 white | -.3798216 1.775766 -0.21 0.831 -3.86026 3.100616 lwhitemg | .1095749 .1755725 0.62 0.533 -.2345409 .4536906 _cons | 13.22949 22.67714 0.58 0.560 -31.21688 57.67586------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00161 lgdp | -.001124 .006157 lgdpau | -.000298 .000766 .454114lgdpdfrati~w | -.000242 .000432 -.033222 .057215 lpopau | -.005088 -.003239 -1.51602 .109683 5.3928 lpop | -.000054 -.004397 -.000558 -.00077 -.006964 .009103 lxrate1 | .000144 .00002 -.000257 .00126 -.003058 -.000167 .000451 lremote | .00215 .003179 -.026401 -.007644 .081752 -.00272 -.000234 ldist | .004438 -.002767 -.015962 -.001707 .039032 .001345 .000498 lopen | -.000082 .000307 .002129 .000391 -.009625 .000524 -.000023 english | -.003578 -.002999 .000543 .0024 .009536 .003141 .000663 white | .004601 -.029285 -.004101 -.011915 -.068548 .037349 .001926 lwhitemg | -.000552 .001563 -.002085 .000602 .015473 -.0025 -.000156

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_cons | .049861 -.03116 13.6449 -.922279 -50.6888 .098397 .053482

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .053567 ldist | .028425 .156913 lopen | .000394 -.000881 .002512 english | -.011544 .043345 -.001419 .10761 white | .027127 .022939 -.001005 .128949 3.15335 lwhitemg | -.000073 -.001039 .000094 -.011494 -.30225 .030826 _cons | -1.43155 -1.9645 .094899 -.476391 .809253 -.182678 514.253

. xtgls lrxsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 528.75Log likelihood = -1062.478 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1217242 .0752517 1.62 0.106 -.0257664 .2692148 lgdp | .5683092 .1370878 4.15 0.000 .299622 .8369965 lgdpau | -.6876293 .832828 -0.83 0.409 -2.319942 .9446836lgdpdfrati~w | -.6954901 .3768617 -1.85 0.065 -1.434126 .0431453 lpopau | 7.28863 2.817023 2.59 0.010 1.767367 12.80989 lpop | .2569639 .1272868 2.02 0.044 .0074864 .5064414 lxrate1 | -.1619775 .0346254 -4.68 0.000 -.229842 -.094113 lremote | .1745184 .2350141 0.74 0.458 -.2861006 .6351375 ldist | -2.779873 .4723177 -5.89 0.000 -3.705599 -1.854148 lopen | .0985954 .0919668 1.07 0.284 -.0816563 .2788471 english | .6304836 .2652069 2.38 0.017 .1106876 1.15028 white | 12.62253 1.972566 6.40 0.000 8.756368 16.48868 lwhitemg | -1.209432 .1867481 -6.48 0.000 -1.575451 -.8434123 _cons | -90.84856 26.78886 -3.39 0.001 -143.3538 -38.34336------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005663 lgdp | -.006235 .018793 lgdpau | -.004714 .005623 .693602lgdpdfrati~w | -.000055 -.001158 .035704 .142025 lpopau | .014911 -.028991 -2.26433 -.045744 7.93562 lpop | .001355 -.011887 -.001026 .001919 .004477 .016202 lxrate1 | .000514 .000952 .000644 .000616 -.004047 -.001305 .001199 lremote | .001086 .005904 -.032066 -.027012 .027304 -.006271 .001721 ldist | .014745 -.009218 -.025449 -.004637 .078676 .003337 .000997 lopen | -.000115 .000125 .001439 .002107 -.026405 .001785 -.000518 english | -.005654 .016651 .000663 -.003592 -.009107 -.011036 -.000421 white | .030266 -.053686 -.056063 -.036207 .092471 .051883 -.00241 lwhitemg | -.002763 .002397 .001962 .000659 -.003208 -.002704 .000108 _cons | -.189864 .161676 19.7697 -.046935 -72.7257 -.015118 .017352

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .055232 ldist | .025277 .223084 lopen | .002274 -.000797 .008458

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english | .007677 .028147 -.003986 .070335 white | .045703 .106769 -.004303 .041707 3.89102 lwhitemg | -.000593 -.012191 .000278 -.006526 -.357087 .034875 _cons | -.357359 -2.92763 .365359 -.38611 -1.26983 .132175 717.643

. xtgls lrxsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 771.10Log likelihood = -1136.795 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2564791 .0745024 3.44 0.001 .1104571 .4025011 lgdp | .6080498 .1119839 5.43 0.000 .3885653 .8275343 lgdpau | .256142 1.165041 0.22 0.826 -2.027296 2.53958lgdpdfrati~w | -1.103919 .5665636 -1.95 0.051 -2.214364 .0065249 lpopau | 2.214629 3.968745 0.56 0.577 -5.563967 9.993226 lpop | -.0647761 .1197289 -0.54 0.588 -.2994403 .1698882 lxrate1 | -.0380351 .0375353 -1.01 0.311 -.111603 .0355328 lremote | .3837796 .2813633 1.36 0.173 -.1676823 .9352415 ldist | -2.527875 .4426859 -5.71 0.000 -3.395523 -1.660226 lopen | -.1152451 .0945994 -1.22 0.223 -.3006566 .0701664 english | 1.088009 .2852187 3.81 0.000 .5289906 1.647028 white | 11.41815 1.343078 8.50 0.000 8.785762 14.05053 lwhitemg | -1.12613 .1296521 -8.69 0.000 -1.380243 -.8720162 _cons | -31.63959 37.1663 -0.85 0.395 -104.4842 41.20502------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005551 lgdp | -.005451 .01254 lgdpau | -.005023 .007972 1.35732lgdpdfrati~w | -.003325 .004055 .04302 .320994 lpopau | .012554 -.030232 -4.48376 .041831 15.7509 lpop | .001272 -.009213 -.003906 -.000415 .011126 .014335 lxrate1 | .000553 .000765 .001787 .000385 -.01102 -.001254 .001409 lremote | .004434 -.001591 -.030577 -.047313 -.003013 -.002123 .001849 ldist | .014854 -.0092 -.027111 -.02419 .049701 .003814 .001188 lopen | -.000333 .000857 -.000031 .000856 -.02385 .000876 -.000365 english | -.006079 .011073 .004968 .000974 -.00536 -.006739 -.000624 white | .029182 -.052933 -.052681 -.036449 .099729 .056259 -.001774 lwhitemg | -.002473 .00315 .001981 -.001152 -.006768 -.003923 .000197 _cons | -.185883 .280726 39.1549 -1.58469 -143.775 -.119638 .102783

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .079165 ldist | .046614 .195971 lopen | .004012 .000783 .008949 english | .001299 .031634 -.00351 .08135 white | .07308 .114216 -.008072 .021907 1.80386 lwhitemg | -.000979 -.011016 .000513 -.003499 -.166525 .01681 _cons | -.19687 -2.31625 .332303 -.479182 -1.86042 .183065 1381.33

. xtgls lrxsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr

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> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 414.31Log likelihood = -1203.051 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2190766 .0512798 4.27 0.000 .11857 .3195832 lgdp | .3116196 .1031226 3.02 0.003 .109503 .5137361 lgdpau | -1.870794 1.357356 -1.38 0.168 -4.531163 .7895748lgdpdfrati~w | -2.064147 .6206711 -3.33 0.001 -3.28064 -.8476544 lpopau | 5.673437 4.633901 1.22 0.221 -3.408843 14.75572 lpop | .0949801 .0790558 1.20 0.230 -.0599664 .2499266 lxrate1 | -.0987085 .0382139 -2.58 0.010 -.1736063 -.0238107 lremote | 1.076957 .2594879 4.15 0.000 .5683698 1.585544 ldist | -1.206587 .4064601 -2.97 0.003 -2.003234 -.4099395 lopen | -.0335088 .1173731 -0.29 0.775 -.2635559 .1965383 english | .5922961 .1859306 3.19 0.001 .2278788 .9567134 white | 7.514912 1.34152 5.60 0.000 4.885581 10.14424 lwhitemg | -.6012139 .1300335 -4.62 0.000 -.8560749 -.3463529 _cons | -44.41358 42.97599 -1.03 0.301 -128.645 39.81782------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1

-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00263 lgdp | -.002616 .010634 lgdpau | -.003759 .006159 1.84242lgdpdfrati~w | -.001365 .000169 .091344 .385233 lpopau | .014042 -.037958 -6.14441 -.163507 21.473 lpop | .000623 -.005602 -.000825 -.001216 .004409 .00625 lxrate1 | .000205 .001575 .000904 .000621 -.006639 -.001576 .00146 lremote | .000391 .000864 -.029123 -.046774 .051347 .001421 -.000714 ldist | .011999 -.005674 -.02571 -.025558 .045561 .005635 .001846 lopen | -.000119 .000255 .008232 .000098 -.060313 .00312 -.000462 english | -.002858 .005149 .00721 .006337 -.025304 .001094 .000887 white | .013657 -.030756 -.030091 -.05737 .090698 .031401 -.00533 lwhitemg | -.001521 .000999 -.00047 .000948 .003251 -.001892 .000103 _cons | -.217772 .371701 53.8945 .588248 -195.14 -.084382 .057626

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .067334 ldist | .038053 .16521 lopen | .004894 .007626 .013776 english | -.006857 .000511 -.001848 .03457 white | .047352 .108745 .004768 .046842 1.79968 lwhitemg | .001288 -.011536 -.00052 -.00505 -.16513 .016909 _cons | -1.03171 -1.99854 .627259 .143677 -2.00237 .074395 1846.94

. xtgls lrxsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedastic

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Correlation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 482.35Log likelihood = -984.1273 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1411142 .0492707 2.86 0.004 .0445453 .237683 lgdp | .4927534 .0973076 5.06 0.000 .3020339 .6834728 lgdpau | -1.408151 1.342777 -1.05 0.294 -4.039946 1.223645lgdpdfrati~w | -1.209253 .5551084 -2.18 0.029 -2.297245 -.1212603 lpopau | 4.368032 4.613922 0.95 0.344 -4.675089 13.41115 lpop | .0451131 .0912706 0.49 0.621 -.133774 .2240002 lxrate1 | -.0448791 .0384168 -1.17 0.243 -.1201747 .0304164 lremote | -.7242151 .2956096 -2.45 0.014 -1.303599 -.1448309 ldist | -2.816556 .4567141 -6.17 0.000 -3.711699 -1.921412 lopen | -.0428906 .1069822 -0.40 0.688 -.2525719 .1667907 english | .6082052 .1954648 3.11 0.002 .2251011 .9913092 white | 10.91705 1.706286 6.40 0.000 7.57279 14.26131 lwhitemg | -1.08701 .151923 -7.16 0.000 -1.384774 -.7892466 _cons | -9.480473 43.29985 -0.22 0.827 -94.34662 75.38567------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002428 lgdp | -.002352 .009469 lgdpau | -.002963 .0057 1.80305lgdpdfrati~w | -.001097 .000222 -.027007 .308145 lpopau | .010542 -.028886 -6.05237 .177353 21.2883 lpop | -.000143 -.005403 -.001541 .000432 .005565 .00833 lxrate1 | 1.1e-06 .001466 .002322 .00173 -.013333 -.001434 .001476 lremote | .003117 .000584 -.021351 -.03568 .053286 -.001583 -.001491 ldist | .011547 -.007365 -.023386 -.015385 .06079 .001865 -.000419 lopen | -.000331 -.00011 .005282 .005002 -.047832 .002336 -.00011 english | -.002544 .003528 .007709 .006668 -.026019 -.001649 .00221 white | .011474 -.032594 .018708 -.020304 -.011471 .032361 -.005443 lwhitemg | -.000998 .001018 -.003292 -.000648 .007719 -.001914 .000275 _cons | -.192273 .275788 53.443 -2.1033 -195.181 -.060305 .16028

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .087385 ldist | .049468 .208588 lopen | .003028 .0005 .011445 english | -.018781 .00731 -.00279 .038207 white | .029509 .112963 -.001839 .031094 2.91141 lwhitemg | .001801 -.010828 .000288 -.003283 -.25035 .023081 _cons | -1.52016 -2.73679 .596435 .254886 -1.4816 .061623 1874.88

. xtgls lrxsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 688.67Log likelihood = -1576.163 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4170865 .068732 6.07 0.000 .2823742 .5517988 lgdp | .2234457 .1280188 1.75 0.081 -.0274666 .474358 lgdpau | -2.587884 1.853692 -1.40 0.163 -6.221054 1.045286lgdpdfrati~w | -1.153264 .6350859 -1.82 0.069 -2.39801 .0914812 lpopau | 19.11931 6.326644 3.02 0.003 6.719319 31.51931 lpop | .5599514 .1215521 4.61 0.000 .3217137 .7981891 lxrate1 | -.1296221 .0436036 -2.97 0.003 -.2150837 -.0441606 lremote | .175422 .3265661 0.54 0.591 -.4646358 .8154797 ldist | -2.676689 .5459497 -4.90 0.000 -3.746731 -1.606647 lopen | -.0746051 .1439274 -0.52 0.604 -.3566976 .2074875 english | .5068777 .2851901 1.78 0.076 -.0520846 1.06584 white | 18.32231 2.56201 7.15 0.000 13.30086 23.34376 lwhitemg | -1.765362 .2490093 -7.09 0.000 -2.253411 -1.277313 _cons | -236.4587 58.85375 -4.02 0.000 -351.81 -121.1075------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004724 lgdp | -.005447 .016389 lgdpau | -.007073 .009837 3.43617lgdpdfrati~w | -.002817 .003806 -.039208 .403334 lpopau | .022638 -.045715 -11.4611 .158196 40.0264 lpop | .001648 -.010684 -.002375 -.001625 .003464 .014775 lxrate1 | -.000136 .001794 -.000885 .00337 -.005932 -.001527 .001901 lremote | .006018 -.003192 -.052983 -.023875 .07148 .001271 .001338 ldist | .019326 -.014399 -.055771 -.009162 .17535 .005006 -.000084 lopen | -.000519 -.000299 .008586 .00907 -.056959 .004417 -.00038 english | -.005034 .01175 .013736 .004122 -.070402 -.004668 .001727 white | .016508 -.045178 -.038024 -.047439 -.162768 .064121 .004366 lwhitemg | -.00115 .001406 -.00216 .000873 .024528 -.003676 -.00039 _cons | -.35496 .483176 100.871 -1.75627 -365.08 -.045883 .083922

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .106645 ldist | .07077 .298061 lopen | .005733 .000372 .020715 english | -.017257 .003996 -.004166 .081333 white | .120875 -.089956 .006117 .002315 6.56389 lwhitemg | -.002342 .011086 -.000439 -.001302 -.626216 .062006 _cons | -1.35759 -4.77141 .613014 .721986 3.42306 -.400537 3463.76

.

. closed on: 2 Aug 2006, 11:39:45--------------------------------------------------------------------------------