SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN

Modern Architecture Studies in Southeast Asia (MASSA) Research Unit

Bachelor of Science (Honours) (Architecture)

BUILDING SCIENCE 2

Project 2: Integration with Design Studio 5

NAME: YAP KAR JUEN

STUDENT ID: 0313737

TUTOR: MR.EDWIN

TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 LIGHTING

2.1 NATURAL DAYLIGHTING

2.1.1 DISCUSSION ROOM (2NDFLOOR)

2.1.2 BOARD GAME AREA

2.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING

2.2.1 COMPUTER ROOM

2.2.2 CULTURAL FOOD MARKET

2.3 PSALI

2.3.1 DISCUSSION ROOM 2 (3RD FLOOR)

2.3.2 LIBRARIAN OFFICE

3.0 ACOUSTIC

3.1 SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL (External Noise)

3.2 REVEBERBERATION TIME, RT

3.2.1 DISCUSSION ROOM (2ND FLOOR

3.2.2 COMPUTER ROOM

3.3 SOUND REDUCTION LEVEL, SRL

3.3.1 DISCUSSION ROOM 1 (3RD FLOOR)

3.3.2 DISCUSSION ROOM 2 (3RD FLOOR)

4.0 REFERENCES

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This is an integration project with the Design Studio V project, the infill project

with community library. Located at Jalan Ipoh, Sentul, right next to the most busy

road

The aim of this project is to create an understanding of the principles of

lighting and acoustics in the context physical environment. It encompasses

daylighting and artificial lighting systems, also the strategies for internal and external

noise management and room acoustics.

Identification of 2 spaces which need both artificial lighting and 2 spaces

with day-lighting significance will be conducted. For acoustic, 2 spaces will be

identified to integrate external noises and 2 spaces to integrate internal noises. This

report consists of various calculations for lighting and acoustic system for the design

integration.

2.0 PLAN DRAWINGS

G FLOOR PLAN 1ST FLOOR PLAN

2ND FLOOR PLAN 3RD FLOOR PLAN

2.0 LIGHTING

2.1 NATURAL DAYLIGHTING

According to MS 1525, Daylight Factor distribution is as shown in Table 1 below:

Zone DF (%) Distribution

Very

Bright

>6 Very large with thermal and glare

problems

Bright 3 – 6 Good

Average 1 – 3 Fair

Dark 0 – 1 Poor

NOTE: The figures are average daylight factor for windows

without glazing. Tab: Daylight Factors and Distribution (Source: MS 1525, 2007)

2.1.1 DISCUSSION ROOM (2ND FLOOR)

The selected area is located at second floor, it is a room with full ceiling height

curtain glass panel, therefore no artificial lighting is needed.

DAYLIGHT FACTOR CALCULATION

Floor Area, m2 18.4

Area of fenestrations, m2 48.2

Area of skylight, m2 0

Daylight Factor (%) [EXPOSED AREA + AREA OF

SKYLIGHT] / FLOOR AREA

= [48.2+0] / 18.4

= 2.62

= 262% x 0.1

= 26.2%

NATURAL ILLUMINATION CALCULATION

ILLUMINANCE EXAMPLE

120, 000 lux BRIGHTEST SUNLIGHT

110, 000 lux BRIGHT SUNLIGHT

20, 000 lux SHADE ILLUMINATED BY ENTIRE CLEAR BLUE SKY, MIDDAY

1, 000 – 2, 000 lux TYPICAL OVERCAST DAY, MIDDAY

<200 lux EXTREME OF DARKEST STORM CLOUDS, MIDDAY

400 lux SUNRISE OR SUNSET ON A CLEAR DAY (AMBIENT

ILLUMINATION)

40 lux FULLY OVERCAST, SUNSET/SUNRISE

<1 lux EXTREME OF DARKEST STORM CLOUDS, SUNSET/RISE

E external = 20, 000 lux

DF =

26.2 =

E internal = 26.2 x 20 000 / 100

= 5240 lux

CONCLUSION

The second floor discussion room has a daylight factor of 26.2% and 5240 lux of

natural illumination. It fulfills the requirement the standard for a discussion room

according to MS1525. There will be no problems like glare and over heat in the

space. However, shading devices or double glazed low e glass can be used to

achieve better lighting and thermal comfort.

2.1.2 BOARD GAME AREA

The board game area is located at the ground floor. It is covered up with walls with

one curtain wall exterior exposing to the back lane. The curtain wall is at full height

and is wide enough to allow enough sunlight into the building.

DAYLIGHT FACTOR CALCULATION

Floor Area, m2 14.9

Area of fenestrations, m2 13.58

Area of skylight, m2 0

Daylight Factor (%) [EXPOSED AREA + AREA OF

SKYLIGHT] / FLOOR AREA

= [13.58+0] / 14.9

= 0.9114

= 91.14% x 0.1

= 9.11%

NATURAL ILLUMINATION CALCULATION

ILLUMINANCE EXAMPLE

120, 000 lux BRIGHTEST SUNLIGHT

110, 000 lux BRIGHT SUNLIGHT

20, 000 lux SHADE ILLUMINATED BY ENTIRE CLEAR BLUE SKY, MIDDAY

1, 000 – 2, 000 lux TYPICAL OVERCAST DAY, MIDDAY

<200 lux EXTREME OF DARKEST STORM CLOUDS, MIDDAY

400 lux SUNRISE OR SUNSET ON A CLEAR DAY (AMBIENT

ILLUMINATION)

40 lux FULLY OVERCAST, SUNSET/SUNRISE

<1 lux EXTREME OF DARKEST STORM CLOUDS, SUNSET/RISE

E external = 20, 000 lux

DF =

8.6 =

E internal = 9.11 x 20 000 / 100

= 1822 lux

CONCLUSION

The board game area has a daylight factor of 9.11% and 1822 lux of natural

illumination. The illumination level is much higher than the recommended

illumination of MS1525. Therefore sun shading device must be applied to disable

glaring and also thermal discomfort and board game area requires a lot of focus.

2.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING

2.2.1 COMPUTER ROOM

The computer room is located at the second floor, it is a very tight space and is

surrounded by concrete, therefore there is no light permeability and usage and

placement of artificial light is crucial.

ACCORDING TO MS 1525, THE MINIMUM LIGHTING LEVEL REQUIRED FOR A LIBRARY IS

300 to 500.

TYPE OF FIXTURE FLUORESCENT TUBE

WITH REFLECTOR

TYPE OF LIGHT BULB

MATERIAL OF

FIXTURE

ALUMINIUM

PRODUCT BRAND &

CODE

F39W/TS/830/ECO

NOMINAL LIFE

(HOURS)

36000

WATTAGE RANGE

(W)

39

CRI 85

COLOUR

TEMPERATURE, K

3000

COLOUR

DESIGNATION

WARM WHITE

LUMENS 3500

COMPONE

NT

MATERIAL COLOUR SURFACE

FINISH

REFLECTA

NCE

VALUE

WALL PLASTER

WALL

WHITE MATTE 0.47

FLOOR CONCRETE

TILES

GREY MATTE 0.30

CEILING PLASTER GREY MATTE 0.47

UF TABLE BY LIGHTSBYLINEA

Source: http://lightsbylinea.com/index.php?route=information/information&information_id=10]

SAMPLE LLMF GRAPHIC FOR FLUORESCENT LIGHTING BY ETAP

Source:

http://www.etaplighting.com/uploadedFiles/Downloadable_documentation/documentatie/Maintenance%20f

actor%20whitepaper%20_EN.pdf

LUMEN METHOD CALCULATIONS

LOCATION LIBRARY

DIMENSION LENGTH (L) = 6.2 m

WIDTH (W) = 3.4 m

HEIGHT OF THE CEILING = 4.2 m

AREA (A) L X W = 6.2 X 3.4 = 12.24 m²

LUMINAIRES HEIGHT 4.2 m

MOUNTING HEIGHT (Hm) 4.2 – 0.8 = 3.4 m

RECOMMENDED

AVERAGE ILLUMINATION

LEVELS BY MS 1525 (E)

300 lux

REFLECTANCE VALUE CEILING: 0.47, FLOOR: 0.3, WALL: 0.47

ROOM INDEX

( )

( )

UTILISATION FACTOR FROM TABLE, UF = 0.26

MAINTENANCE FACTOR LUMINAIRE CATEGORY = D (IP2X)

TIME BETWEEN CLEANING (YEARS) = 0.5

TYPE OF LIGHT FLUORESCENT LAMPS WITH 1 BULBS,

3500 x 2 = 7000 lumen (F)

NUMBER OF LIGHT

REQUIRED

3 LUMINAIRES ARE NEEDED TO REACH THE

MINIMUM REQUIREMENT FOR MS 1525 = 300 lux.

SPACING TO HEIGHT

RATIO (SHR)

√

√

APPROXIMATE FITTINGS

LAYOUT/m

FITTINGS REQUIRED ALONG 21.2 m WALL;

= 3 ROWS

THEREFORE, APPROXIMATELY 3 x 2 = 6 LUMINAIRES

REQUIRED;

SPACING ALONG 3.4 m WALL;

3.4 / 2

= 1.7 m

FINAL FIXTURE LAYOUT

CONCLUSION

6 FLUORESCENT LAMPS ARE USED TO ACHIEVE MINIMUM OF 300 lux FOR THIS AREA,

ACCORDING TO MS 1525. THE WHOLE SPACE AREA IS WELL ILLUMINATED SO THAT

PERFORMANCE IS NOT WEAKENED DUE TO POOR LIGHTING AND COMFORT.

2.2.2 CULTURAL FOOD MARKET

Cultural food market is a space at the ground floor with concrete surrounding it

therefore artificial light is very crucial as well.

ACCORDING TO MS 1525, THE MINIMUM LIGHTING LEVEL REQUIRED FOR A LIBRARY IS

300 to 500.

TYPE OF FIXTURE LED DOWNLIGHT

TYPE OF LIGHT BULB

MATERIAL OF

FIXTURE

ALUMINIUM

PRODUCT BRAND &

CODE

RIO LDL801

NOMINAL LIFE

(HOURS)

50000

WATTAGE RANGE

(W)

44

CRI 80

COLOUR

TEMPERATURE, K

3000

COLOUR

DESIGNATION

WARM WHITE

LUMENS 3753

COMPONE

NT

MATERIAL COLOUR SURFACE

FINISH

REFLECTANCE

VALUE

WALL PLASTER

WALL

WHITE MATTE 0.47

FLOOR CONCRETE

TILES

GREY MATTE 0.30

CEILING PLASTER GREY MATTE 0.47

LUMEN METHOD CALCULATIONS

LOCATION LIBRARY

DIMENSION LENGTH (L) = 3.9 m

WIDTH (W) = 2.2 m

HEIGHT OF THE CEILING = 4.2 m

AREA (A) L X W = 3.9 X 2.2 = 8.58 m²

LUMINAIRES HEIGHT 4.2 m

MOUNTING HEIGHT (Hm) 4.2 – 0.8 = 3.4 m

RECOMMENDED

AVERAGE ILLUMINATION

LEVELS BY MS 1525 (E)

300 lux

REFLECTANCE VALUE CEILING: 0.47, FLOOR: 0.3, WALL: 0.47

ROOM INDEX

( )

( )

UTILISATION FACTOR FROM TABLE, UF = 0.26

MAINTENANCE FACTOR LUMINAIRE CATEGORY = D (IP2X)

TIME BETWEEN CLEANING (YEARS) = 0.5

TYPE OF LIGHT LED DOWNLIGHT

3573 Lumen

NUMBER OF LIGHT

REQUIRED

4 LUMINAIRES ARE NEEDED TO REACH THE

MINIMUM REQUIREMENT FOR MS 1525 = 300 lux.

SPACING TO HEIGHT

RATIO (SHR)

√

√

APPROXIMATE FITTINGS

LAYOUT/m

FITTINGS REQUIRED ALONG 3.9 m WALL;

= 3 ROWS

THEREFORE, APPROXIMATELY 3 x 2 = 6 LUMINAIRES

REQUIRED;

SPACING ALONG 2.2 m WALL;

2.2 / 2

= 1.1 m

FINAL FIXTURE LAYOUT

CONCLUSION

6 FLUORESCENT LAMPS ARE USED TO ACHIEVE MINIMUM OF 300 lux FOR THIS AREA,

ACCORDING TO MS 1525. THE WHOLE SPACE AREA IS WELL ILLUMINATED SO THAT

PERFORMANCE IS NOT WEAKENED DUE TO POOR LIGHTING AND COMFORT.

2.3.1 PSALI – Permanent Supplementary Artificial Light of

Interior ( Discussion room 2, 3rd floor)

According to MS1525, the minimum lighting level requirement for a gallery is 300 lux.

Type of luminaire used as showed below:

Lightify Surface Downlight W23, by OSRAM

Type of fixture Light Panel LED

Lamp luminous flux (lm) 2800

Rated colour temp (k) 4800

Colour rendering index >80

Beam angle -

Voltage (v) 220-240

Bulb finish Warm Light

Placement Ceiling

Location 3rd floor

Dimension of room (m) L: 4.1 W: 3.1

Total Floor Area A / sqm 4.1 x 3.1 = 12.71

Type of Lighting Fixture Ledvance Led Downlight

Lumen of Lighting Fixture / F (lm) 2800

Height of luminaire (m) 4.2

Height of Work Level (m) 0.8

Mounting Height / H (m) 3.4

Assumption of Reflectance Value Ceiling: 0.7

Wall: 0.5

Floor: 0.3

Room Index / RI (K)

( 4.1 x 3.1 ))

(4.1 + 3.1 ) 3.4

=0.52

Utilisation Factor / UF 0.27

Maintenance Factor / MF 0.8

Standard Illuminance (lux) 300 (Library)

Numbers of Lights Required N = 300 x 12.71

2800 x 0.6 x 0.8

= 2.837

= 2.837

√

Spacing of Height Ratio (SHR)

SHR

√

= 0.37

SHR = S / 2.7 = 0.37

S = 1.8

Fitting layout by approximately

(m)

Fittings required along 4.1 m wall,

4.1 / 0.999 = 4 rows

Fittings required along 3.1 m wall,

3.1 / 0.999 = 3 rows

Therefore, approximately 12 lightings required

RI= L x W

(L+W) x H)

N= E x A

F x UF x MF

Lighting Fixture Proposal

2.3.2 PSALI – Perrmanent Supplementary Artificial Light of

Interior

(Librarian Office )

According to MS1525, the minimum lighting level requirement for a office space is

300-500 lux.

Type of luminaire used as showed below:

LIGHT PANEL LED XXL 0, OSRAM

Lumen Method Calculation

Type of fixture Downlight

Lamp luminous flux (lm) 2600

Rated colour temp (k) 3000

Colour rendering index > 80

Beam angle -

Voltage (v) 220 - 240 v

Bulb finish Warm Light

Placement Ceiling

Location Workshop

Dimension of room (m) L: 4.1 W: 2.8

Total Floor Area A / (m2) 2.8 x 4.1 = 11.48 m2

Type of Lighting Fixture LEDVANCE POWER SPOT XXL

Lumen of Lighting Fixture / F (lm) 2600

Height of luminaire (m) 4.2

Height of Work Level (m) 0.8

Mounting Height ,H (m) 3.4

Assumption of Reflectance Value Ceiling :0.7

Wall :0.5

Floor : 0.3

Room Index / RI (K)

(2.8 x 4.1)

(2.8 + 4.1 ) 3.4

=0.5

Utilisation Factor / UF 0.27

Maintenance Factor / MF 0.8

Standard Illuminance (lux) 300

RI= L x W

(L+W) x H)

Numbers of Lights Required N = 300 x 11.48

2600 x 0.27 x 0.8

=6.13

=6

√

Spacing of Height Ratio (SHR)

SHR

√

= 0.4

SHR = S / 3.4 = 0.4

S = 1.36

Fitting layout by approximately

(m)

Fittings required along 5.4 wall,

= 4.1 / 1.36

= 3 rows

Fittings required along 5.4 wall,

= 3.1 / 1.36

= 2.28, 2 rows

Approximately 6 luminaires required

N= E x A F x UF x MF

Lighting Fixture Proposal