b.sc. semester -i - kcpflora.inkcpflora.in/study material/b.sc. botany syllabus.pdf · life history...

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HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN

B.Sc. Programme with 144 credits

CBCS-Semester-Grading Pattern

w.e.f. June-2011

General Pattern/Scheme of study components along with credits for Science faculty. Examination

Part

/Cla

ss

Subj

ect

code

Stud

y

Com

pone

nts

Inst

ruct

ion

Hrs

/ Wee

k

Inte

rnal

Uni

. E

xam

Tot

al

Cre

dit

Semester-I Core Compulsory (CC) Course

CC-I-1 Core Course-I (Paper-1) 4 30 70 100 4CC-II-1 Core Course-II (Paper-1) 4 30 70 100 4CC-III-1 Core Course-III (Paper-1) 4 30 70 100 4

Practical Core (PC) Course PC-I-1 Practical Core Course-I (Paper-1) 4 50 50 2PC-II-1 Practical Core Course-II (Paper-1) 4 50 50 2PC-III-1 Practical Core Course-III (Paper-1) 4 50 50 2

Foundation Course (FC) FC-1 Foundation (Compulsory) course

(Generic) - English (L.L.) 2 15 35 50 2 Elective Course (E)

EG-1 Elective (Generic) Course -I 2 50 50 2ES-1 Elective (Subject) Course -I 2 50 50 2

B.S

c. S

emes

ter

-I

30 105 495 600 24

Semester-II Core Compulsory (CC)Course

CC-I-2 Core Course-I (Paper-1) 4 30 70 100 4CC-II-2 Core Course-II (Paper-1) 4 30 70 100 4CC-III-2 Core Course-III (Paper-1) 4 30 70 100 4

Practical Core (PC) Course PC-I-2 Practical Core Course-I (Paper-1) 4 50 50 2PC-II-2 Practical Core Course-II (Paper-1) 4 50 50 2PC-III-2 Practical Core Course-III (Paper-1) 4 50 50 2

Foundation Course (FC) FC-2 Foundation (Compulsory) course

(Generic) - English (L.L.) 2 15 35 50 2 Elective Course (E)

EG-2 Elective (Generic) Course -II 2 50 50 2ES-2 Elective (Subject) Course -II 2 50 50 2

B.S

c. S

emes

ter

-II

30 105 495 600 24

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HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN CBCS - Semester - Grading Pattern B. Sc. :: BOTANY :: SEMESTER-I

CC BOT-111 (in force from June 2011)

Unit-I : Cell Biology

The Cell theory, types of cells on the basis of Nucleus (Akaryota, Prokaryota & Eukaryota) Size, Shape & Number of Eukaryotic cells Comparison of ultra-structure of typical Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cell-Plant cell and Animal cell Structure & function of Plasmodesmata Nucleus: history, distribution, parts, ultra-structure & function Chromosome: shape depends upon the position of centromere, ultra-structure and functions

Unit-II : Biology of Cryptogams (Algae & Fungi)

General characters of Algae Economic importance of Algae (as food, fodder and fertilizer) Life history of Spirogyra with reference to

Systematic position with reasons (according to Smith) Habit and Habitat, Vegetative structure and Reproduction

General characters of Fungi Economic importance of Fungi (as food and medicine) Life history of Mucor with reference to

Systematic position with reasons (according to Ainsworth) Habit and Habitat, Vegetative structure and Reproduction

Unit-III : Plant Anatomy

General characteristics and functions of various kinds of plant tissues: Meristematic, Simple tissues : Definition, (parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma fibres)

and Complex tissues: Xylem, (thickenings in vessels / tracheids ) Phloem: sieve tube Definition of Epidermal, Ground and Vascular tissue system Epidermal tissue system:

Uniseriate and Multiseriate epidermis Types of Stomata (Dicot-Hibiscus & Monocot-Maize) Types of Trichomes (Unicellular-stellate; Multicellular-unbranched & branched; Glandular) Motor cells in Maize leaf Cystolith in Banyan leaf Sphaeroraphides in Nerium leaf Velamen tissue in aerial root of Orchid Structure and function of Periderm and Lenticel (Tinospora)

Unit-IV : Environmental Biology

Definition, scope and Significance of Ecology for human Climatic factors: Light: Introduction, Light relation in plant. Temperature: Introduction, variation

in temperature and its effect on distribution of plants Biotic factors: Positive Interrelationship

Symbiosis -Mutualism (Lichens, Symbiotic N2 fixation, Mycorrhizae) Commensalism - Epiphytes: Orchid

Negative Interrelationship Exploitation-Parasitism(Cuscuta, Loranthus) Predation(Nepenthus,Utricularia)

Ecosystem Ecology: Definition, Kinds, Structure of ecosystem Ecological Pyramids: Pyramids of Number, Biomass and Energy

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HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN CBCS - Semester - Grading Pattern

B.Sc. :: BOTANY Practical :: SEMESTER-I PC BOT-111

(in force from June 2011) Unit-I : Cell Biology

To study the various shape of cells through permanent / temporary slides: Amoeba, Paramoecium, Human RBC, Nerve cell, Spirogyra and Onion leaf scale.

To study the various types of cells on the basis of Nucleus through micrographs / charts: Akaryota - Bacteriophage, Prokaryota - Cyanophycean cell & Eukaryota - typical Animal & Plant cell

To study the Structure of Plasmodesmata through permanent / temporary slide from Date Palm seed To study the ultrastructure of Nucleus and Chromosomes through micrographs (SEM, TEM) / charts

Unit-II : Biology of Cryptogams (Algae & Fungi)

To study the Life history of Spirogyra through: Mountings - Thallus and Reproductive structure Permanent Slides of - Thallus and Reproductive structure

To study the Life history of Mucor through: Specimen - Bread / Roti with Mucor Mountings - Mycelium and Asexual and sexual Reproductive structures Permanent Slides of - Mycelium and Asexual and sexual Reproductive structures

Unit-III : Plant Anatomy

To study the various types of Simple (parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma) and Complex tissues (thickenings in vessels / tracheids and sieve tube) from Sunflower and Cucurbita stems (T.S. and L.S.) through fresh and permanent preparations.

To study the Epidermal tissue system through permanent / temporary slides: Uniseriate (Sunflower leaf) and Multiseriate (Banyan / Nerium leaf) epidermis Stomata structure (Dicot-Hibiscus & Monocot-Maize) Trichomes [Unicellular-stellate (Abutilon); Multicellular-unbranched (Tridax) & branched

(Withania); Glandular (Datura) Motor cells in Maize leaf Cystolith in Banyan leaf Sphaeroraphides in Nerium leaf Velamen tissue in aerial root of Orchid Permanent slides of Periderm and Lenticel structure- Tinospora

Unit-IV : Environmental Biology

To study of Biotic factors through specimens/charts/photographs Positive Interrelationship

Symbiosis - Mutualism: Lichens, Root nodules, Mycorrhizae - Commensalism: Epiphytes - Orchid Negative Interrelationship

Exploitation - Parasitism (Cuscuta, Loranthus) - Predation (Nepenthus, Utricularia)

Charts / Photographs: Pyramids (Number, Biomass and Energy)

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B.Sc. :: BOTANY Practical :: SEMESTER-I PC BOT-111

(in force from June 2011) Guideline for arrangement of specimens

1. Specimen A: Spirogyra / Mucor 2. Specimen B: Spirogyra / Mucor 3. Specimen C: Sunflower stem for Parenchyma / Collenchyma / Sclerenchyma

OR Specimen C: Cucurbita stem for Thickenings in vessels / Sieve tube

4. Specimen D: Epidermal tissue system Uniseriate: Sunflower leaf Multiseriate: Banyan / Nerium leaf Stomata structure: Dicot - Hibiscus and Monocot - Maize Trichomes: Unicellular- Abutilon

Multicellular- Tridax / Withania Glandular- Datura

Motor cells in Maize leaf Cystolith in Banyan leaf Sphaeroraphides in Nerium leaf Velamen tissue in aerial root of Orchid

5. Identify and describe the peculiarities/structure observed in given specimens: a. Shape of cells (as per theory syllabus) b. Type of cell (on the basis of nucleus: Bacteriophage/Cyanophycean /Plant /Animal) c. Nucleus / Chromosome shape (as per theory syllabus) d. Periderm / Lenticel (Permanent slide- Tinospora) e. Symbiosis (Lichen / Root nodules / Micorrhizae) f. Exploitation (Cuscuta / Loranthus / Utricularia / Nepenthus) g. Ecological Pyramids (Number / Biomass / Energy)

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B. Sc. :: BOTANY Practical :: SEMESTER-I PC BOT-111

(in force from June 2011)

Date: Place:

Time: 5 Hrs Total Marks: 50

Instructions: Strictly follow the instructions given by examiner(s).

1. Identify and describe structural peculiarities observed in the given plant specimen A. 07

2. Make a temporary preparation of the reproductive organ from the given plant specimen B.

Draw the neat and labeled diagram of it and show your preparation to the examiner. 07

3. Take T.S. / L.S. of the given plant specimen C and, make the temporary preparation (slide).

Stain if needed and, show______________ to the examiner. 07

4. Make the temporary preparation (slide) of epidermal tissue structure from the given plant

specimen D. Stain if needed and, show______________ to the examiner. 07

5. Identify and describe the peculiarities/structure observed in given specimens: 14

a. Shape of cells (as per theory syllabus)

b. Type of cell (on the basis of nucleus)

c. Nucleus / Chromosome shape

d. Periderm / Lenticel

e. Symbiosis (Lichen / Root nodules / Micorrhizae)

f. Exploitation (Cuscuta / Loranthus / Utricularia / Nepenthus)

g. Ecological Pyramids

6. a. Viva-voce 04

b. Journal 04

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HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN CBCS - Semester - Grading Pattern B. Sc. :: BOTANY :: SEMESTER-II

CC BOT-122 (in force from June 2011)

Unit-I : Genetics

Genetics: Introduction to genetics, Mendel’s work and its results Mendel's Experiments: Monohybridisation and its experiment, Monohybrid ratio (3:1, 1:2:1)

Law of Dominance and Law of Segregation Dihybridisation and its experiment, Dihybrid ratio (9:3:3:1) Law of independent Assortment Back cross and Test cross

Gene Interactions: (A) Incomplete Dominance and Co-dominance (B) Epistasis:

Dominance Epistasis ratio (12:3:1), Recessive Epistasis ratio (9:3:4), Double recessive Epistasis ratio (9:7) and Double dominance Epistasis ratio (15:1)

Unit-II : Biology of Cryptogams (Bryophytes & Pteridophytes)

Silent futures of Bryophytes Life history of Marchantia with reference to:

Systematic position (Rothmaler and Proskaur) with reasons, Habit and Habitat, External and Internal structure of vegetative and reproductive organs, Fertilization, External and Internal structure of mature Sporophyte, Germination of Spores

Silent futures of Pteridophytes Life history of Nephrolepis with reference to:

Systematic position (Smith) with reasons, Habit and Habitat, External structure of vegetative organs, External and Internal structure of fertile (reproductive) leaflet, Structure of mature Gametophyte along with sex organs and Fertilization.

Unit-III : Angiosperm Morphology (External)

Leaf: Phyllotaxy, Stipules: Types and Modifications, Venation, Incision, Simple and Compound leaves

Unit-IV : Plants and Human welfare

Classification of Economic important plants (on the basis of uses) To study the following Economic important plant specimens with reference to its Botanical name,

local name, family, useful part(s), Botanical characters, important chemical constituents and uses: Cereals: Wheat and Maize; Pulses: Pea and Cajan pea; Nuts: Cashewnut and Almond; Vegetables: Carrot and Potato; Fruits: Banana and Mango; Spices: Ginger and Clove; Beverages: Tea and Coffee; Sugar-yielding Plants: Sugar cane & Sugar beet.

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B. Sc. :: BOTANY Practical :: SEMESTER-II PC BOT-122 (in force from June 2011)

Unit-I : Genetics

To study through Examples: (A) Mendel's Experiments: Monohybrid ratio (3:1/1:2:1), Dihybrid ratio (9:3:3:1) Back cross and Test cross (B) Epistasis: Dominance Epistasis ratio (12:3:1), Recessive Epistasis ratio (9:3:4), Double recessive Epistasis ratio (9:7) and Double dominance Epistasis ratio (15:1)

Unit-II : Biology of Cryptogams (Bryophytes & Pteridophytes)

To study the Life history of Marchantia through: Specimen - Vegetative Thallus and thallus with Gemma cup Mountings - Thallus and Reproductive organs Permanent Slides - Thallus, Gemma cup, Antheridia, Archegonia, Sporophyte

To study the Life history of Nephrolepis through: Specimen - Sporophytic plant (with Vegetative and Fertile leaflets) Mountings - Hydathode, T.S. of leaflet passing through sori, Sporangia, Spores Permanent Slides - T.S. of leaflet passing through sori, Prothallus: young & mature with

Antheridia, Archegonia and Sporophyte

Unit-III : Angiosperm Morphology (External)

To study the morphological plant specimens of Leaf through common examples: Phyllotaxy: Alternate: Distichous - Polyalthia; Tristichous - Cyperus; Pentastichous -

Shoeflower, Opposite: Superposed - Quisqualis; Decussate - Calotropis; Verticillate (Whorled) : Nerium / Alstonia

Stipules: Free lateral - Shoeflower; Adnate - Rosa; Interpetiolar - Ixora; Intrapetiolar – Gardenia; Ochreate - Polygonum; Foliaceous - Pisum; Spinous – Zizyphus, Acacia; Tendillar - Smilax; Convolute (scaly) - Ficus

Venation: Reticulate: Pinnate (Unicostate) - Ficus; Palmate (Multicostate) convergent - Zizyphus; Palmate (Multicostate) divergent - Ricinus Parallel: Pinnate (Unicostate) - Canna; Palmate (Multicostate) convergent - Maize; Palmate (Multicostate) divergent - Fan palm

Incision: Pinnatifid - Chrysanthemum; Pinnatipartite - Argemone; Pinnatisect - Marigold Palmatifid - Cotton; Palmatipartite - Ricinus; Palmatisect - Ipomoea palmate

Simple leaf: Shoe flower Compound leaves: Pinnate: Unipinnate - Paripinnate - Cassia; Imparipinnate - Rosa; Bipinnate - Caesalpinia; Tripinnate - Moringa; Decompound - Coriander, Palmate: Unifolioate - Citrus; Bifoliate - Balanites; Trifoliate - Aegle; Multifoliate (Digitate) - Bombax.

Unit-IV : Plants and Human welfare

To study the following Economic important plant specimens / organ / product (fresh / preserved) with reference to its Botanical name, local name, family, useful part(s), Botanical characters, important chemical constituents and uses:

Cereals: Wheat and Maize; Pulses: Pea and Cajan pea; Nuts: Cashewnut and Almond; Vegetables: Carrot and Potato; Fruits: Banana and Mango; Spices: Ginger and Clove; Beverages: Tea and Coffee; Sugar-yielding Plants: Sugar cane and Sugar beet

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B. Sc. :: BOTANY Practical :: SEMESTER-II PC BOT-122


Guideline for arrangement of specimens

1. Que. 1. a and b: Solve the Genetical problems as per theory syllabus and given slips.

2. Specimen A: Marchantia / Nephrolepis

3. Specimen B: Marchantia / Nephrolepis

4. Specimen C and D:

i. Cereals: Wheat and Maize;

ii. Pulses: Pea and Cajan pea;

iii. Nuts: Cashewnut and Almond;

iv. Vegetables: Carrot and Potato;

v. Fruits: Banana and Mango;

vi. Spices: Ginger and Clove;

vii. Beverages: Tea and Coffee;

viii. Sugar-yielding Plants: Sugar cane and Sugar beet

5. Identify and describe the peculiarities/structure observed in given specimens:

a: Phyllotaxy

b: Stipules

c: Venation

d: Incision

e: Simple and compound leaves

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B. Sc. :: BOTANY Practical :: SEMESTER-II PC BOT-122


Date: Place:

Time: 5 Hrs Total Marks: 50

Instructions: Strictly follow the instructions given by examiner(s).

1. a. Solve the given Genetical problem (as per given slip). 04

b. Solve the given Genetical problem (as per given slip). 06

2. Identify and describe structural peculiarities observed in the given plant specimen A. 06

3. Make a temporary preparation (slide) of the reproductive organ from the given plant

specimen B. Draw the neat and labeled diagram of it and show your preparation to the

examiner. 06

4. Give Botanical name, local name, family, botanical characters, useful part(s), chemical

constituent(s) and uses of given economic important plant specimens C and D. 10

5. Identify and describe the external morphology observed in given specimens: 10

a: Phyllotaxy (as per theory syllabus)

b: Stipules (as per theory syllabus)

c: Venation (as per theory syllabus)

d: Incision (as per theory syllabus)

e: Simple and compound leaves (as per theory syllabus)

6. a. Viva-voce 04

b. Journal 04

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List of Elective (Subject) Courses (in force from June 2011)

Credits-2

Botany Biotechnology Wood Anatomy Biodiversity Water quality analysis Biological evolution Environment study Biocomputing DNA: the Molecule of life Professional practice in Biotechnology Biodiversity Microbial ecology Carbon credit Clinical Biotechnology Remote sensing Plant Breeding Plant Tissue Culture Horticulture Zoology Enzyme Technology Zoo maintenance Tissue culture technology Museum curators Waste Management Pest control Water Harvesting and conservation First Aid and emergency services Clinical Microbiology Disaster management Industrial Microbiology Biodiversity Bio instrumentation Food and adulteration r-DNA technology Forensic science Sustainable Agriculture Pollution Microbiology

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Elective Course (Subject) :: ES BOT-111 Plant Tissue Culture

(in force from June 2011) Credits-2

Unit-I Plant Tissue Culture-I

1. Introduction: Definition and Concept 2. History and Scope of Plant tissue culture 3. Laboratory design and layout- Washing, Store area, Preparation area and Culture room 4. Sterilization- Methods of Sterilization 5. Tools/Equipments (Principle and Operation)-Autoclave, LAF (Laminar Air Flow),

pH meter, Balance, Incubator, Oven

Unit-II Plant Tissue Culture-II

1. Selection and Isolation of ex-Plant 2. Nutrient media- Preparation and Composition 3. Callus culture, Advantages and Applications 4. Micro-propagation 5. Biotechnological methods for Plant improvement

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Elective Course (Subject) :: ES BOT-112 Plant Breeding


Unit-I Plant Breeding-I

1. Introduction: Aims and Objectives of Plant Breeding 2. Self-pollination and Cross-pollination methods 3. Selection-Methods of Selection in Plant Breeding for Self-pollinated plants Cross-pollinated plants

Unit-II Plant Breeding-II

1. Hybridization: Techniques and Tools 2. Hybridization: Methods of Hybridization in Plant Breeding for Self-pollinated plants Cross-pollinated plants 3. Hybrid Vigour

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CBCS - Semester - Grading Pattern B. Sc. :: BOTANY :: SEMESTER-I

Elective Course (Subject) :: ES BOT-113 Horticulture


Unit-I Horticulture-I

1. Introduction: Aims, Objectives and Scope of Horticulture 2. Plant Propagation-Vegetative, Asexual and Sexual reproduction 3. Nursery Management

Unit-II Horticulture-I

1. Landscape: Principles, Types and Planning 2. Floriculture and its implements 3. Bonsai 4. Important Horticulture crops of Gujarat

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HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN CBCS - Semester - Grading Pattern B.Sc. Program

List of Elective (Generic) Courses (in force from June 2011)

Credits-2

Elective (Generic) Course Semester-I

Computer Skill-1 National Ethics Human Society and Ethics Indian Culture and Heritage Society an Technology Stress management Indian Constitution

Semester-II Environment science Disaster management

Semester-III Computer Skill-II Cultural heritage of Gujarat Value Oriented education Human resource development Personality Development

Semester-IV Basic computer applications Presentation skills Social ethics Indian knowledge system First aid and emergency care

Semester-V Gandhi and phyloshopy Library - a learning resource center Indian religions Handling of household equipments Indian history E-marketing (Telemarketing) Indian geography

Semester-VI Fundamental rights and duties Hospitality Vedic sciences International relations Indian Tribal Culture

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HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY

PATAN - 384 265 NAAC Accreditation Grade- “B”

FACULTY OF SCIENCE

U.G. (B. Sc.) Programme Subject: BOTANY

Under CBCS :: Semester :: Grading Pattern

Syllabus and Examination Scheme for

Semesters: III and IV

With effect from

June 2012 and December 2012

Date: 30/04/2012 Total Pages: 1 to 30

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U.G. (B. Sc.) Programme in

Faculty of

Science

B. Sc. Semesters: III and IV

Subject

Botany With effect from

June 2012 and December 2012 Total Number of Pages

1 to 30

Submitted on

30/04/2012

Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University

PATAN-384 265

NAAC ‘B’ (CGPA) Accredited (State University)

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SYLLABUS for B. Sc. (Semester III and IV) programme in

BOTANY IN FORCE FROM

ACADEMIC YEAR June 2012 and December 2012

Summary of the Programme

Syllabus duration Semester pattern i.e., Six months

No. of core compulsory (CC) course 02 (in each semester)

Credits per CC course 03

Total credits for CC course 06/Semester

Theory lectures per CC course 03 /week

Total Theory lectures for CC course 06 /week

No. of Practical courses per semester 02

Practical lectures 03 /week/course/batch

Total Practical lectures 06 /week/ batch

Credits per Practical course 1.5

Total Credits of Practical course 03 /Semester

No. of Practical course (in Uni. Exam.) 02 /Semester

No. of Elective Subjective (ES) course 01 (in each semester)

Credits for ES course 02 (in each semester)

Theory lectures per ES course 02/week

No. of Elective Generic (EG) course 01

Credits for EG course 02

Theory lectures per EG course 02/week

Examination (including Preparation)(weeks) 05

No. of Days per week 06

Weeks (days) available for Teaching 15 (90)

Duration of each lecture (minutes) 55

No. of students/batch 20 (on approval of AC and Exam. unit)

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Under Choice Based Credit System-Semester-Grading System pattern

U G (B Sc) Programme in Botany

Semester-III and IV

The 11th Five Year plan of India proposed various measures for academic reforms in higher education.

Keeping in view the challenges of the changed times and make the higher education in Indian Universities

compatible with the universities in developed nations, the UGC (11th Plan, March 2009) and later on the

Association of Indian Universities (AIU) stressed on the following recommendations:

Semester System

Choice Based Credit System.

Curriculum Development

Examination Reforms

Administrative Reforms

All the above recommendations for reforms have been reviewed in by representatives of various universities

in the Gujarat State and considered for implementation with the aim of transforming Higher Education-a

transformation where students change from being passive recipients of knowledge to becoming active

participants of the knowledge imbibing process. The education system in the State thus changes from a

teacher-centric to learner-centric mode. It should aim at all-round integral development of students’

personality so that they become good citizens of the new world order.

Salient Features: CBCS in UG programme in Botany Semester III and IV shall be offered from the

Academic year June 2012 and December 2012 respectively.

Botany subject in the Universities/Affiliated Colleges shall offer undergraduate programme in

Faculty of Science from the Academic year 2011-12.

A student will have to get enrolled a Core course depending upon his/her requirement of a degree

in the said discipline of study. A student will have a choice of selecting an Elective as well as

Foundation courses from a pool of courses.

Each course shall be assigned a specific number of Credits.

A Core course is the course which should compulsorily be studied by a candidate as a Core

requirement so as to get degree in a said discipline of study.

There shall be two Core Compulsory courses (Theory) each with 3 credits in each semester and

their practical’s each with 1.5 credits. Thus, a credit weight-age in B Sc programme for each

semester core course shall be of 6 credits. In short, 9 credits multiplied by 2 subjects equal to

total of 18 credits.

In addition to the Core courses, a student will have to choose Elective as well as Foundation

courses from a pool of courses.

Two courses of Elective, one each from Generic Elective and Interdisciplinary /

Multidisciplinary / Subject centric electives shall have to be offered. The credit weight-age for

each Elective course shall be of 02 Credits. Hence, a total credit weight-age for Elective courses

shall be of 4 credits.

One Foundation (English Language L.L.) course shall have to be offered. The credit weight-age

for Foundation course shall be of 02 credits.

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Each course shall have a unique Course code. The Core courses, Elective courses and the Foundation courses

shall be abbreviated respectively as CC, PC, EG, ES and FC.

1. Core Compulsory CC

Practical Core (Core Elective) PC

2. Elective Generic EG

Elective Subject ES

3. Foundation Compulsory FC

Each Academic year shall consist of two semesters, each of 15 weeks of teaching equivalent to 90 working

days. The Odd semester period shall be from July to November and the Even semester period shall be from

December to April.

The course with 4 credits shall be of 60 hrs (15 weeks x 4 credits) duration. The course with 3 credits shall

be of 45 hrs (15 weeks x 3 credits) duration. The course with 2 credits shall be of 30 hrs (15 weeks x 2

credits) duration.

A general framework for Bachelor of Science (B Sc) programme shall be as follows:

Semester wise credits Total credits of

the Programme I II III IV V VI

24 24 24 24 24 24 144

The semester wise weight age of core, elective and foundation courses shall be as follows:

Academic

year

Core compulsory

Courses

Elective

courses

Foundation

courses

Semester I & II 65-75% 15-20% 10-15%

Semester III & IV 65-75% 15-20% 10-15%

Semester V & VI 65-75% 15-20% 10-15%

Attendance:

The Attendance Rules as per the norms of Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University.

Medium of Instruction:

The Medium of Instruction shall be of Gujarati medium. Student is free to write answers either in Gujarati

and/or English language.

Language of Question paper:

Question paper should be drawn in Gujarati language and its English version should be given.

Evaluation Methods:

1. A student shall be evaluated through Comprehensive Continuous Assessment (CCA)/ (Internal

Evaluation) as well as the End of Semester examination (External Evaluation). The weight-age of

CCA shall be 30%, whereas the weight-age of the Semester end examination shall be 70%. There will

be no internal evaluation in practical courses as well as in elective courses.

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2. The In Semester assessment (CCA)/ (Internal Evaluation) is spread through the duration of the course

and is to be done by the Teacher teaching the course. BoS of the subjects will decide various criteria and

their weight-age for CCA. The assessment is to be done by various means including:

Written Tests

MCQs based Tests/Quiz

Presentations/Seminars

Project work/Field work

Group discussions/Group activities

Assignments, etc.

The distribution of Internal Evaluation is given as per criteria given below for 30 marks:

Written Test… 20 marks,

Assignments/MCQs/Very Short questions… 5 marks and

Attendance, Regularity, Punctuality… 5 marks.

3. The End of Semester examination (External Evaluation) shall have an assessment based upon

following perspective with respect to all the courses:

Evaluation with respect to Knowledge

Evaluation with respect to Understanding

Evaluation with respect to Skill

Evaluation with respect to Application

Higher Order Thinking Skills

4. With respect to all the above components, there shall be following types of Questions from each unit of

the course.

MCQs/Fill in the blanks/ Match the pairs, etc

Short answer questions

Medium answer questions

Long answer questions

Examples/ Problems, etc.

5. The End of Semester Examination will be conducted by the University. A certified journal of the

respective practical course must be produced at the time of practical examination by the student.

6. It will be compulsory for a candidate to obtain passing percentage in both Internal as well as External

Evaluation. The passing marks for each course shall be 40% as decided by concern Board of Studies in

Botany.

7. Promotion, Re-Admission and Time for Completion of Course, Procedure for Awarding Grades,

Provision for Appeal, etc. as decided by the Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University.

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Study tour:

Botanical excursion/study tour may be arranged (by the concern faculty with prior permission of HoD

and/or Principal) within state and/or outside the state to explore/study plant diversity in its natural

habitats.

Submission:

Instead of submission of Herbarium sheets and/or specimens at the time of final (Uni.) practical examination

student may submit photographs/drawings or CD having such photographs/drawings of plant species to

conserve plant species in their natural habitats and to avoid any damage to plant species and its natural

habitat.

Selection of Elective (Subjective) course:

For semester-III and IV a common list of three courses is given below. Students are requested to select any

one of three courses in Semester-III and then in Semester-IV one course may be selected from the rest

of the two courses.

1. Elective (Subject) Course :: ES BOT-211:: DNA-a molecule of Life

2. Elective (Subject) Course :: ES BOT-212 :: Water quality analysis

3. Elective (Subject) Course :: ES BOT-213 :: Biodiversity

Selection of Elective (Generic) course:

For semester-III and IV a separate list consists of four courses is given. Students may select any one of the

four courses given in Semester-III and Semester-IV separately. (Semester-wise list of Elective (Generic)

courses is given on Page No. 11)

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B.Sc. three year (General) Programme with 144 credits

Semester-III and IV in BOTANY w.e.f. June-2012 and December-2012 respectively

General Pattern/Scheme of study components along with credits

Study Components

Ins.

Hrs/

Week

Examination

Credit Internal

Marks Uni.

Exam.

Marks

Total

Marks

Semester-III

Core Compulsory (CC) Course

CC-I-3 Core Course-I (Paper-3) 3 30 70 100 3


CC-II-3 Core Course-II (Paper-3) 3 30 70 100 3


Soft-skill: Practical Core (PC) Course

PC-I-3 Practical Core Course-I (Paper-3) 3 50 50 1.5


PC-II-3 Practical Core Course-II (Paper-3) 3 50 50 1.5


Foundation Course (FC)

FG-21 Compulsory English (L.L.) 2 30 70 100 2

Elective Course (EC)

EG-21 Elective (Generic) Course 2 50 50 2

ES-21 Elective (Subject) Course 2 50 50 2

30 150 650 800 24

Semester-IV

Core Compulsory (CC) Course





Soft-skill: Practical Core (PC) Course





Foundation Course (FC)

FG-21 Compulsory English (L.L.) 2 30 70 100 2

Elective Course (EC)

EG-21 Elective (Generic) Course 2 50 50 2

ES-21 Elective (Subject) Course 2 50 50 2

30 150 650 800 24

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HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN Under CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern

B.Sc. (Semester-III and IV) Programme Common format for Question paper

Core Complementary Course in Botany Time: 3 Hours [w. e. f. June 2012] Total Marks: 70

Part A (Answer all questions)

1-10. Questions such as, MCQs, Fill in the blanks, Match the pairs, etc. 10

(Each of 1 Mark) [At least two questions from each Unit]

Part B (Answer all questions)

11-20. Very short answer type questions such as, Definition, Explain the terms, etc 10


Part C (Answer any ten/twelve of the following)

21-32. Short answer type questions such as, Definition, Explain the terms, examples/problems, 20

reasons, differences, figures/diagrams, etc. (Each of 2 Marks) [At least two questions

from each Unit]

Part D (Answer any three/six of the following)

33-38. Medium answer type questions such as, Short notes, figures/diagrams, examples/problems, 09

reasons, differences, etc. (Each of 3Marks) [At least one question from each Unit]

Part E (Answer any three/five of the following)

39-43. Long answer type questions such as, Describe / Discuss in detail, diagrams, examples/ 21

problems, etc. (Each of 7 Marks) ) [At least one question from each Unit]

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Under CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern

B.Sc. (Semester-III and IV) Programme Common format for Question paper

Elective (Subject) Course in Botany

Time: 2 Hours [w. e. f. June 2012] Total Marks: 50

Part A (Answer all questions)

1-5. Questions such as, MCQs, Fill in the blanks, Match the pairs, etc. 05


Part B (Answer all questions)

6-10. Very short answer type questions such as, Definition, Explain the terms, Functions, Principles,

etc. (Each of 1 Mark) [At least two questions from each Unit] 05

Part C (Answer any five/seven of the following)

11-17. Short answer type questions such as, Definition, Explain the terms, examples, reasons, figures

differences, etc. (Each of 2 Marks) [At least three questions from each Unit] 10

Part D (Answer any three/five of the following)

18-22. Medium answer type questions such as, Short notes, diagrams, examples, reasons, differences,

etc (Each of 4 Marks) [At least two question from each Unit] 12

Part E (Answer any three/five of the following)

23-27. Long answer type questions such as, Describe / Discuss in detail, diagrams, examples, etc 18

(Each of 6 Marks) [At least two question from each Unit]

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Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan

B. Sc. (Sem-I to VI) Programme

Elective (Generic) Courses

Semester I (w.e.f. June 2011)

EG-111 Communication Skills

EG-112 Human Society and Ethics

EG-113 Indian Constitution

EG-114 Basics of Mathematics

Semester-II (w.e.f. December 2011)

EG-121 Environmental Studies

EG-122 Disaster Management

Semester-III (w.e.f. June 2012)

EG-211 Culture and Civilization

EG-212 National Ethics

EG-213 Fundamentals of Computer

EG-214 Value oriented education

Semester-IV(w.e.f. December 2012)

EG-221 Yoga and Wellness

EG-222 Social Ethics

EG-223 Computer applications-I

EG-224 Human Rights

Semester-V (w.e.f. June 2013)

EG-311 General Knowledge-I

EG-312 Atmospheric hazards

EG-313 Computer applications-II

EG-314 Naturopathy

Semester-VI (w.e.f. December 2013)

EG-321 General Knowledge-II

EG-322 Nutritional Management in Health

EG-323 Fundamental rights and duties

EG-324 Rural Health

NOTE: The syllabi, examination pattern as well question paper style, etc. for above

mentioned Elective (Generic) Courses for Sem.-III and IV will be decided and prepared by

Uni. Expert(s) / Expert Committee.

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HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN Under CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern

B. Sc. (Semester-III ) Programme Core Compulsory Course in BOTANY

CC-BOT-211

(Morphology, Gymnosperm and Palaeobotany, Angiosperm Taxonomy, Cell Biology)

Theory teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit: 3.0

Practical teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit: 1.5

Unit-I :: MORPHOLOGY

[A] BRACTS AND INFLORESCENCE: Bracts: Definition and types of Bracts (SSC 280-281):

Foliaceous (GDD 118), Petaloid (GDD 118), Spathe (GDD 119), Involucre (GDD 120) and Epicalyx

(GDD 120). Inflorescence: Definition (GDD 121). Racemose: Definition (121), Types: Raceme (121),

Spike (122), Umbel (124), Capitulum (126). Cymose: Definiiton (126), Types: Solitary (SSC 283/GDD

126), Monochasial (Helicoid and Scorpoid) (SSC 284/ GDD 126-127), Dichasial (SSC 285/ GDD 127)

and Polychasial cyme (SSC 285/ GDD 127-128).

[B] FLOWER: Definition and parts of flower (GDD 132). Kinds of flower: Actinomorphic and

Zygomorphic (GDD 133), Tri_, Tetra_ and Pentamarous (GDD 134), Hypogynous (GDD 137),

Perigynous and Epigynous (GDD 138). Calyx, Corolla and Perianth: Numbers and Unity (SSC 292-

295). Aestivation: Definition (GDD 144). Types: Valvate, Twisted, Imbricate, Quinquencial, Vexillary

(GDD 144/SSC 298-299).

[C] ANDROECIUM: Cohesion of stamens: Mono_, Di_ and Polydelphous (SSC 299-300/ GDD 150),

Attachment of filament to the anther: Adnate, Dorsifixed, Basifixed and Versatile (SSC 304-305/

GDD 148). GYNOECIUM: Free or United (GDD 151/SSC 310), Number (GDD 151/SSC 311).

PLACENTATION: Definition (GDD 155). Types: Axile, Marginal, Parietal and Basal (GDD 155-

156/SSC 313-314). POLLINATION: Definition (GDD 161), explanation of self-pollination (GDD 161)

and cross-pollination (GDD 161). Mode of Pollination in Ficus (GDD 169), Calotropis (GDD 170) and

Vallisneria (GDD 172).

References:

SSC: Santra S C, Chatterjee T P and Das A P (1993, 1st edition) College Botany Practical Vol.-II. New Central Book

Agency (P) Ltd, Kolkatta.

GDD: Gangulee H C, Das K S and Datta C (1993, New Print) College Botany Vol.-I. New Central Book Agency (P)

Ltd, Kolkatta.

PRACTICALS:

Question 1. Study of morphology examples as per theory syllabus through fresh/preserved specimens.

Specimen D :: Bracts: Foliaceous bract: Adhatoda vasica, Petaloid bract: Bougainvillea spectabilis, Spathe: Rhoeo

discolor, Involucre: Helianthus annuas and Epicalyx: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis.

Specimen E :: Inflorescence: Racemose: Raceme: Caesalpinia, Spike: Achyranthes, Umbel: Simple: Onion and

Compound: Coriander, Capitulum: Sunflower.

Cymose: Solitary: Terminal: Datura, Axillary: Shoeflower, Monochasial: Helicoid: Hamelia; Scorpoid:

Heliotropium, Dichasial: Clerodendrum, Polychasial: Calotropis.

Specimen F :: Flower: Actinomorphic: Shoe-flower, Zygomorphic: Pea / Bean, Hypogynous: Datura, Perigynous:

Rose, Epigynous: Coccinia.

Calyx, Corolla: Polysepalous/ Polypetalous: Mustard, Gamosepalous/ Gamopetalous: Datura. Perianth:

Crinum

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Specimen G :: Aestivation: Valvate: Calyx of Datura, Twisted: Corolla of Hibiscus, Imbricate: Crotalaria/Bean,

Quincuncial: Corolla of Citrus/Murraya or Calyx of Ipomoea, Vexillary: Butea/Pea flower.

Specimen H :: Androecium: Cohesion: Monadelphous: Shoeflower, Diadelphous: Bean/Pea, Polyadelphous: Bombax.

Attachment: Dorsifixed: Sesbania, Basifixed: Adhatoda and Versatile: Crinum/Grass.

Specimen I :: Gynoecium: Apocarpous ovary: Rose, Syncarpous ovary: Shoeflower. Placentation: Axile: Shoeflower,

Marginal: Pea/Bean, Parietal: Argemone and Basal: Sunflower.

Study of mode of pollination as per theory syllabus through fresh/preserved specimens.

Unit-II :: GYMNOSPERM and PALAEOBOTANY

[A] Gymnosperm: General characters of Gymnosperm (JRM 3-4). CYCAS (JRM 26-62):

Classification (Bierhorst,1971), habit-habitat (VPC 235), Sporophyte: general morphology

(236-237), Anatomy of leaf and coralloid root, reproduction (247), gametophyte (except

development) (256) and embryogeny (259).

[B] Fossils: Definition (MH 455), Formation (MH 455/JRM 267-268) and Types (MH 456/JRM

268-269) of Fossils: Petrification (GK 892), Cast/Incrustation (GK 893), Impression (GK 894)

and Compression (GK 894-895). Geological Time-scale (GK 890-891).

[C] Fossils of Pteridophytes: Rhynia ((MH 473/JRM 271-272). Lepidodendron (MH 485-487/JRM

272-273/GK 954-55) and Lepidostrobus (MH 487-488/GK 956). The false seed: Lepidocarpon

(MH 491/GK 957). Fossils of Gymnosperms: The stem: Lyginopteris oldhamia (JRM 278-

281/GK 1060-62) and The seed: Lagenostoma lomaxii (JRM 282-283/GK 1062-63).

References:

VPC: Vasishta P C, Sinha A K and Kumar Anil (2009, Reprint) Botany for Degree students-GYMNOSPERMS

(Multicolour illustrative edition). S. Chand & Co. Ltd, New Delhi.

JRM: Johri R M, Lata Sneh and Tyagi Kavita (2005) A Textbook of Gymnosperm. Dominant Publishers &

Distributors, New Delhi.

MH: Mukherji H (1990, 9th edition reprint) Plant Groups. New Central Book Agency, Kolkatta.

GK: Gangulee H C and Kar A K (1993, New Print). College Botany Vol.-II. New Central Book Agency, Kolkatta.

PRACTICALS:

Question 1 a and b:: Gymnosperm: Fresh and/or Preserved specimens of following plant species.

Cycas: Vegetative structures, Microsporophyll, Megasporophyll

Specimen J :: T.S. of Cycas leaflet to show transfusion tissue, T S of coralloid root. Cycas: Microspores

Slide/specimen K :: Fossils/Palaeobotany:

Fossil Pteridophytes: Permanent slides: Rhynia, Lepidodendron, Lepidostrobus, Lepidocarpon

Specimens: Lepidodendron.

Fossil Gymnosperms: Permanent slides: Lyginopteris oldhamia, Lagenostoma lomaxii

Specimens: Lyginopteris oldhamia.

Unit-III :: ANGIOSPERM TAXONOMY

[A] SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION: Special features, merits and de-merits of Classification

systems of Angiosperms: Linnaean system (Carolus Linnaeus) [SAV 10-11/SNS 52-53],

Bentham and Hooker’s system [SAV 24-33/SNS 56-60] and Engler and Prantl’s system. [SAV

33-42/SNS 65-67]

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[B] HERBARIUM: Introduction and uses of herbaria (SAV 202), List of Indian Herbaria (only

their establishment and number of sheets) (DSC 111-112 / SNS 200), Field and Herbarium

techniques (DSC 113-115). Botanical Gardens of India (SAV 206-207): National Botanic

Garden, Lucknow (SNS 194), Botanical Garden, Kolkata (SNS 195) and Lloyd Botanic

Garden, Darjeeling (SNS 195-196).

[C] PLANT NOMENCLATURE: Rules of Nomenclature (MSK 49-51): Introduction of ICBN

(P&M 30), Guiding principles (P&M 36-37), Nomenclatural types (7 types) (P&M 41-42),

Rules of Priority (P&M 48), Names of Taxa(P&M 45), Effective and valid publication (P&M

44-45) and Retention of specific and intra-specific epithets (P&M 49).

References:

DSC: Datta S C (1999, 4th edition reprint) Systematic Botany. New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, N. Delhi.

SNS: Subrahmanyam N S (1999, reprint) Modern Plant Taxonomy. Vikas Publishing House P. Ltd., New Delhi.

SAV: Sambamurthy A V S S (2005) Taxonomy of Angiosperms. I K International P. Ltd., New Delhi.

MSK: Mukerjee Susil Kumar (1990, 2nd edition). College Botany Vol.-III. New Central Book Agency, Kolkatta.

P&M: Pandey S N and Misra S P (2008). Taxonomy of Angiosperms. Ane Books India, New Delhi.

PRACTICALS:

Specimen L :: Study of Botanical gardens and Herbaria of India as per theory syllabus through Photographs/Charts.

UNIT-IV: CELL BIOLOGY

[A] THE CELL WALL: Introduction (V&A 146), Chemical composition: Cellulose (V&A 147),

Hemicellulose (V&A 147), Pectins (V&A 148), Lignin (V&A 148). The wall layers: The primary wall

(V&A 148), Secondary wall (V&A 148) and Middle lamella (V&A 148). Plasmodesmata (V&A 149-

150). Functions of cell wall (V&A 150-151). Schizogenous and lysigenous cavity (PBP 67-68).

[B] THE PLASMA MEMBRANE: Introduction (V&A 112), Chemical composition: Lipids, proteins and

carbohydrates (V&A 114-115). Membrane models: Sandwich model (V&A 117), Unit-membrane

hypothesis (V&A 118) and Fluid-mosaic model (V&A 118-119), Function of plasma membrane and its

types according to permeability (V&A 125-126).

[C] THE CELL DIVISION: Historical (V&A 318), Cell cycle and Mitosis (318-326), Significance (329).

Meiosis: process and various phases (332-339), Significance (339). Comparison (340).

References:

V&A: Verma P S and Agarwal V K (2006, Reprint) Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and

Ecology. S. Chand & Co. Ltd, New Delhi.

PBP: Pandey B P (1982) Plant Anatomy. S. Chand & CO.

PRACTICALS:

Question 2. Material C Various stages of Mitotic division in Onion root tip and Meiotic division in flower bud.

Specimen-M:: Study of cell wall and plasma membrane through Microphotographs/charts/diagrams/slides.

Study of various stages of cell division Mitosis and Meiosis through permanent slides.

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Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan B. Sc. (Semester-III) Practical Examination, March/April-20

Botany Practical:: PC BOT-211 [Based on: CC-BOT-211]

(Morphology, Gymnosperms and Palaeobotany, Angiosperm Taxonomy, Cell Biology)

[In force from June 2012]

Date: / /20 Place:

Time: 4 Hours] [Maximum Marks: 50

1. a. આેર નમનૂો A ઓખો, મોગ્મ કાયણો આી લગીકયણ કયો (કુ સધુી) અને તેભાાં જોલા

ભતી યચનાકીમ રાક્ષણણકતાઓ જણાલો. [Identify, classify giving suitable reasons (up to family) and describe the structural

peculiarities observed in the given specimen A.] 3

b. આપે નમનૂા B માાંથી _______________________ ખલુ્લ ુકરો/સ્થાપન કરો.

[Expose/Mount _______________________ from the given specimen B.] 3

2. આેર દાથથ C ભાાંથી વભવલબાજન / અધથસતૂ્રીબાજનનુાં અકામભી સ્થાન તૈમાય કયો. મોગ્મ

અણબયાંજન ધ્ધવતના ઉમોગથી કોવલબાજનની અલસ્થા(ઓ) આકૃવત(ઓ) વહશત યીક્ષકને

ફતાલો. [Prepare a temporary mounting of Mitosis/Meiosis from given material C. Using

appropriate staining method show stage(s) of cell division to the examiner with

diagram(s).] 6

3. આેર નમનૂાઓ D થી I ને ઓખો અને આકૃવત વહશત તેભાાં જોલા ભતી ફાહ્યાકાય

વલદ્યાનુાં લણથન કયો. [Identify and describe with diagram the external morphology observed in given

specimens D to I.] 18 18

4. આેર નમનૂાઓને ઓખો અને તેભાાં જોલા ભતી રાક્ષણણકતાઓ રખો. [Identify and mention peculiarities seen in given specimens.] 12

1. કામભી સ્રાઈડ/નમનૂો J (અનાવતૃ્તફીજધાયી). [Permanent slide /specimen J (Gymnosperm).]

2. અશ્મભની સ્રાઈડ/નમનૂો K (વત્રઅંગી અથલા અનાવતૃફીજધાયી અશ્મભ). [Fossil’s slide /specimen K (Pteridophyte or Gymnosperm fossil).]

3. બાયતીમ લાનસ્વતક ઉદ્યાન/શફેહયમાનો પોટોગ્રાપ/ચાટથ L. [Botanical garden / Herbaria of India through Photograph/Chart L.]

4. ભાઈક્રોપોટોગ્રાપ/ચાટથ/સ્રાઈડ M (કોવલદ્યા). [Microphotograph/chart/ diagram/ slide M (Cell Biology).]

5. a. વફભીળન અન ેભૌણખક પ્રશ્નોત્તયી. [Submission and viva-voce.] 5

b. પ્રમોગોથી [Journal.] 3

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B. Sc. Programme : Semester-III Core Compulsory Course in BOTANY

CC-BOT-212

(Plant Physiology, Plant Ecology, Microbial world, Genetics)

Theory teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credits: 3.0

Practical teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credits: 1.5

Unit-I :: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

[A] WATER: Structure of water molecule (D&W 33), Properties of water important to plants (34),

Solutions (34-35). Role of water in plant life (M&G 163).

[B] SOLUTIONS: Definition of solvent, solute and solution. Types: True, colloidal and

suspension. Explanation of Hypertonic, Isotonic and Hypotonic solutions. Colloidal systems:

Introduction (D&W 499), Phases (499), properties: Tyndall effect (500), Brownian movement

(501), Filtration (501), Adsorption (501), Electrical properties (501-502), Flocculation and

Precipitation (502-503), Dialysis ().

[C] PLANT WATER RELATIONS: Diffusion (M&G 155). Osmosis: Definition (155), laws of

osmosis (156-157), Types: Exosmosis and endosmosis, role of osmosis in plants (162-163).

Plasmolysis (D&W 42) and Deplasmolysis (D&W 42). Imbibition and its importance (K&K 65-

66).

References:

M&G: Mukherji S and Ghosh A K (2005, Revised) Plant Physiology. New Central Book Agency Pvt Ltd, Kolkatta.

D&W: Devlin R M and Witham F H (1986, First Indian Edition) Plant Physiology (Fourth Ediiton). CBS Publishers

& Distributors, New Delhi.

K&K: Kochhar P L and Krishnamoorthy H N (1985, 16th Revised Edition) Plant Physiology. Atma Ram & Sons,

Delhi.

PRACTICALS:

Question 1: Perform following physiological experiments:

1. To show the process of osmosis through potato osmoscope/Colocasia petiole.

2. To show the process of Plasmolysis using Rhoeo leaf peelings and sucrose solutions (Show Non plasmolyzed

cell, incipient and complete plasmolyzed cell).

3. To separate Starch and Salt by Dialysis.

4. To study the property of Mechanical adsorption of colloids using sand particles.

5. To study the property of Electrical adsorption of colloids using Whatman No. 1 filter paper.

6. To study phenomenon of diffusion through ring formation using ammonia and hydrochloric acid.

Question 4(B): Demonstrate following physiological experiments:

1. To study osmosis using Thistle funnel.

2. To study imbibitional pressure exerted by imbibed seeds.

3. To show the process of exosmosis by using green grapes and salt solution.

4. To show the process of endosmosis by using dried black grapes and water.

5. To show the phenomenon of Tyndall effect.

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Unit-II :: PLANT ECOLOGY

[A] ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS: Classification (on the basis of water requirements) [SPD

82], External and internal features of Hydrophytes (83-94), Mesophytes (94) and Xerophytes-

Non-succulents (94 & 96-104).

[B] COMMUNITY ECOLOGY: Definition (173), characteristics of a community (174), structure

(175-176).

[C] CHARACTERS USED IN COMMUNITY STRUCTURE: Analytical- Quantitative (179-

181) and Qualitative (181-185) characters, Synthetic characters (186). Methods of study of

communities: Physiognomic methods (187) and Phytosociological methods (188-191).

Reference:

SPD: Sharma P D (2003, 7th edition-reprint) Ecology and Environment. Rastogi Publications, Meerut.

PRACTICALS:

Question 2:

1. To determine the minimum size of Quadrat (Sampling unit) by species area curve method to study the grassland

communities.

2. To determine the minimum number of Quadrat (Sampling unit) to be laid down in the field to study the grassland

communities.

3. To Determine the Frequency of any five plants of Grassland communities using Quadrat, then distribute them among

Raunkiaer’s frequency classes. Compare with the Normal frequency diagram using graph paper.

4. To determine the abundance of any five plant species using quadrat of any size (area) to study the grassland

communities.

5. To determine the density of any five plant species using quadrat of unit size (area) to study the grassland

communities.

Question 3(A): Ecological adaptations-morphological and anatomical studies of following plant parts: Hydrilla stem,

Eichhornia petiole, Sunflower stem, Sunflower leaf, Nerium leaf, Capparis stem.

Question 4(C): Permanent slides: T S of Hydrilla stem, T S of Eichhornia petiole, T S of Sunflower stem, T S of

Sunflower leaf, T S of Nerium leaf, T S of Capparis stem.

UNIT-III: MICROBIAL WORLD

[A] CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING WORLD: Whittaker’s Five-kingdom system (Pelczar 11).

Micro-organisms: Features distinguishing Prokaryotic cells from Eukaryotic cells (9-10).

Distinguishing characteristics of major groups of Micro-organisms: Algae, Viruses, Bacteria,

Protozoa and Fungi (12-14).

[B] VIRUSES: Classification of viruses on the basis of differences in their transcription processes

and their inherent properties (450-451). Structure of TMV (Tobacco Mosaic Virus) ().

[C] BACTERIA: Classification based on shape (74-75) and flagella (78-79). Types of Nutrition in

Bacteria. Economic importance of Bacteria.

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Reference:

Pelczar: Pelczar M J, Chan E C S & Krieg N R (2004, 27th reprint) Microbiology. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing

Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

PRACTICALS:

Question 4(D): Study through micro photographs/charts/diagrams:

Structure of TMV, Types of bacteria, Types of nutrition in bacteria, Typical Prokaryotic cell, Typical Eukaryotic cell.

UNIT-IV: GENETICS

[A] QUANTITATIVE GENETICS/POLYGENIC INHERITANCE: Introduction (V&A 64),

Characteristics of multiple genes (65), Examples: Kernel colour in Wheat (65), Skin colour in

Man (67).

[B] LINKAGE AND CROSSING OVER: Linkage: Introduction, Coupling and Repulsion

hypothesis (V&A 86) and Chromosome theory of Linkage (88). Kinds: Complete (88),

incomplete (89) and linkage groups (90). Crossing over: Introduction and characteristics (92-

93), Definition of mitotic and meiosis crossing over (94-95). Kinds: Single, Double and

Multiple (98), Significance of Crossing over (104).

[C] MULTIPLE ALLELES: Introduction (V&A 115), Characters of Multiple alleles (116), Blood

groups in humans (118-120), Rh factor (121), Self-sterility alleles (123-124).

Reference:

V&A: Verma P S and Agarwal V K (2006, Reprint) Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and

Ecology. S. Chand & Co. Ltd, New Delhi.

Other references:

GPK: Gupta P K (2000, 3rd edition-reprint) Genetics. Rastogi Publications, Meerut.

PRACTICALS:

Question 5:

Genetical problems based on polygenic inheritance and multiple alleles.

of 30

Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan B. Sc. Semester-III Practical Examination, March/April-20


(Plant Physiology, Plant Ecology, Microbial world, Genetics)

[In force from June 2012]

Date: / /20 Place:


1. તેભને આલાભાાં આલેર દેશધાભથવલદ્યાનો પ્રમોગ કયો. તભાયા અલરોકનો કોઠાભાાં નોંધો અન ેયીક્ષકને હયણાભ/તાયણ ફતાલો. [Perform the Physiological experiment assigned to you. Tabulate your observations and show

the result/conclusion to the examiner.] 10

2. આેર વલસ્તાય ભાટે ચતષુ્કનુાં રઘતુ્તભ કદ / ચતષુ્કની રઘતુ્તભ વાંખ્મા નક્કી કયો. તભાયા અલરોકનો કોઠાભાાં નોંધો અને હયણાભ તેભજ આરેખ યીક્ષકને ફતાલો. [Determine Minimum size of the quadrat / Minimum number of quadrat for given area.

Tabulate your observations and show the result and graph to the examiner.] 8

અથલા / OR

આેર વલસ્તાયની કોઈણ ાાંચ લનસ્વતઓની આવવૃત્ત / વલપરુતા / ઘનતા(ગીચતા) ની ગણતયી કયો. તભાયા અલરોકનો નોંધો અને હયણાભ તેભજ આરખે (આવવૃત્ત ભાટે) યીક્ષકને ફતાલો.

[Calculate Frequency /Abundance /Density of any five plant species of given area. Tabulate your observations and show the result and graph (for frequency) to the examiner.]

3. નમનૂા A ભાાંથી અકામભી સ્રાઈડ તૈમાય કયો. નાભવનદેવળત આકૃવત દોયો અને તેના ફાહ્ય અને આંતહયક ાહયશ્સ્થવતકીમ અનકુુણરત રાક્ષણણકતાઓ રખો. તેનો મોગ્મ ાહયશ્સ્થવતકીમ વમશૂ દળાથલો. [Make temporary slide from the specimen A. Draw labeled diagrams and write its external and

internal ecological adaptive peculiarities. Mention proper ecological plant group it belongs.] 8 18

4. ઓખો અને નીચેનાભાાં જોલા ભતી હક્રમા/વલવળષ્ટતાઓની ચચાથ કયો. [Identify and discuss process/peculiarities seen in followings]

1. પ્રમોગ B (વનદળથન પ્રમોગ) [Experiment B (Demonstration experiment)] 3

2. સ્રાઈડ C (લનસ્વત હયશ્સ્થવતવલદ્યા). [Slide C (Plant Ecology).] 3

3. ભાઈક્રોપોટોગ્રાપ / ચાટથ / આકૃવત / સ્રાઈડ D. (સકૂ્ષ્ભજીલી વલશ્વ). [Microphotograph/ chart/ diagram/slide D (Microbial world).] 5

5. નીચેનો જનીન વલદ્યાકીમ કોમડો ઉકેરો અન ેવનણથમ કયો. [Solve and conclude the following genetical problem] 5

ફહજુનીનીક આનલુાંવળકતા / ફહવુલકલ્ી જનીનો. [Polygenic inheritance / Multiple alleles]


b. પ્રમોગોથી [Journal.] 3

of 30

B. Sc. Programme : Semester-IV Core Compulsory Course in BOTANY

CC-BOT-221

w.e.f. December 2012

(Morphology and Angiosperms, Angiosperm families, Plant Anatomy, Bio-statistics)



Unit-I :: MORPHOLOGY and ANGIOSPERMS

[A] INFLORESCENCE AND FRUITS: Special Inflorescence: Hypanthodium, Cyathium and

Verticillaster (SSC 286). Fruits: Definition (SSC 320), True and false fruits (SSC 320), Parts

of the fruit ( ). Simple fruits: Indehiscent: Caryopsis (SSC 322), Samara. Dehiscent: Capsule:

Loculicidal (SSC 321), Septicidal. Schizocarpic: Lomentum, Regma. Fleshy fruits: Drupe,

Berry (SSC 323). Aggregate: Etaerio of barriers (SSC 325). Composite: Sorosis (SSC 326).

[B] ANGIOSPERMS: General characters of Angiosperms. Sun-flower (Helianthus):

Classification (Bentham and Hooker, 1862-80), habit-habitat, sporophyte (external structure),

reproduction (inflorescence and florets) and gametophyte (except development), embryogeny

(in short).

[C] Maize (Zea mays): Classification (Bentham and Hooker, 1862-80), habit-habitat, sporophyte

(external structure), reproduction (inflorescence and flowers) and gametophyte (except

development), embryogeny (in short).

References:

SSC: Santra S C, Chatterjee T P and Das A P (1993, 1st edition) College Botany Practical Vol.-II. New Central Book

Agency (P) Ltd, Kolkatta.

Practicals:

Specimen G: Inflorescence: Hypanthodium, Cyathium and Verticillaster.

Fruit :

Specimen H: Caryopsis - Maize or Wheat, Samara: Holoptelea. Loculicidal: Cotton, Septicidal: Castor/Mustard.

Lomentum: Acacia nilotica, Regma: Ricinus

Specimen I: Fleshy - Drupe – Mango; Berry - Tomato or Brinjal, Etaerio of berry - Anona squamosa; Sorosis –

Pineapple or Morus

Qeustion 1: Specimens A and B

Classification and Mountings of Helianthus - Rayfloret and discfloret, pollen grains.

Classification and Mountings of Zea mays – spikelet/flower, fresh material of Zea mays plant with male and female

inflorescence.

Permanent slides of Helianthus and Zea mays - T.S. of anther, L.S. of ovule

Unit-II :: ANGIOSPERM FAMILIES

Studies of families: Distinguishing characters and classification as per Bentham and Hooker

(1862-80) of the following families including floral formula, floral diagram and botanical

names (at least two) of economically important plants.

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Dicotyledons: Polypetalae: Malvaceae (SAVSS 294-302), Myrtaceae (SAVSS 372-378)

Gamopetalae: Rubiaceae (SAVSS 397-407), Apocynaceae (SAVSS 424-433)

Apetalae: Nyctaginaceae ( ), Euphorbiaceae (SAVSS 514-525)

Monocotyledons: Liliaceae (SAVSS 570-577), Palmae (Arecaceae) (SAVSS 586-592)

Reference:

SAVSS: Sambamurty A V S S (2005) Taxonomy of Angiosperms. I K International P Ltd. New Delhi.

PRACTICALS:

Question 2 (C & D): In addition to locally available plants, the following plants may be used for the study of the

Families:

Malvaceae: Jasud, Kanski, Sida

Myrtaceae: Bottle brush, Nilgiri, Jamboo, Jamphal.

Rubiaceae: Ixora, Hemelia, Borreria.

Apocynaceae: Barmasi, Pili/Lal Karen, Chandani, Plumeria.

Nyctaginaceae: Bogan vel, Satodi, Mirabilis.

Euphorbiaceae: Lal Patti, Castor, Jatropha.

Liliaceae: Dungro, Asparagus, Allium.

Palmae (Arecaceae): Shivjata, Khajuri, Bottle Palm, Coconut palm.

UNIT-III: PLANT ANATOMY

[A] MERISTEMS: Definition, Classification (on the basis of position) (JJP 31-33), Characteristics

(34), Apical Meristem: Introduction (35-36), Shoot apex: Theories of apical organization-

Histogen (37), Tunica-Corpus (37). Root apex: Theories of apical organization-Histogen (40),

Korper-Kappe (42) and Quiescent centre (42).

[B] MECHANICAL TISSUE: Introduction (PBP 402), structure and functions of mechanical

tissues – Collenchyma (404-406) and Sclerenchyma: Fibers and Sclereids (409-413), Xylem

(413), Phloem (415). Mechenical tissues: I-girdle in herbaceous stem i.e., Sunflower, in leaves

i.e., Eucalyptus and Pancratium, in square stem i.e., Nyctanthus and in prop root i.e., Zea mays

(418-422).

[C] CONDUCTING TISSUE: Structure and functions of xylem (JJP 76-87) and phloem (JJP 88-

98) elements. Vasscular cambium: Definition (99), Activity of the cambium (101), Secondary

growth (130-134). Normal secondary growth - Definition and secondary growth in sunflower

stem (PBP 250-257) and sunflower root (210-215). Anomalous secondary growth - definition

and anomalous secondary growth in Salvadora stem (interxylary phloem) (305-307), Bignonia

stem (Phloem wedges in the xylem) (285-287) and Tinospora aerial root (203).

References:

JJP: E. John Jothi Prakash (2000, 2nd revised edition) A Text Book of Plant Anatomy. Emkay Publications, Delhi.

PBP: Pandey B P (1982, 3rd edition) Plant Anatomy. S. Chand & Co. Ltd, New Delhi.

of 30

PRACTICALS:

Specimen E: Mechanical tissue:

Material: Sunflower stem, Eucalyptus leaf, Pancratium leaf, Nyctanthus stem, Maize prop root.

Specimen E: For Secondary growth:

Material: Salvadora stem, Bignonia stem, Tinospora aerial root, Sunflower root and stem.

Specimen F:

Permanent slide: Shoot apex, Root apex.

Permanent slide: Sunflower stem, Eucalyptus leaf, Pancratium leaf, Nyctanthus stem, Maize prop root.

Permanent slide: Salvadora stem, Bignonia stem, Tinospora aerial root, Sunflower root and stem.

Unit-IV :: BIOSTATISTICS

[A] BIO-STATISTICS: Definition (CSRS A-3), Aims (CSRS A-2) and Limitations (CSRS A-4 to

A-6) of Statistics.

[B] CLASSIFICATION AND TABULATION OF DATA: Aims (CSRS A-9), Basis (CSRS A-9)

and Types (CSRS A-9 to A-10) of Classification. Tabulation: Definition (CSRS A-11), Types

(CSRS A-11 to A-13) of Tabulation. Diagrammatic representations: Types: Simple Bar

(CSRS A-22), Compound Bar (CSRS A-23), Sub-divided Bar (CSRS A-24 & 25) and utility

(CSRS A-20 & A-21).

[C] Frequency Distribution and its Table (CSRS A-17 to A-19). Measures of Central Tendency:

(CSRS A-44 to 87): Mean, Mode and Median with their merits-demerits and uses.

Reference:

CSRS: Chandel S R S (2006) A Handbook of Agricultural Statistics. Achal Prakashan Mandir, Kanpur.

PRACTICALS:

Question 4:

Solve and conclude the statistical problems based on theory syllabus.

i.e., Frequency distribution, Mean, Median and Mode.

of 30

Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan B. Sc. Semester-IV Practical Examination, March/April-20


(Morphology and Angiosperms, Angiosperm families, Plant Anatomy, Bio-statistics)

[In force from December 2012]

Date: / /20 Place:


1. a. આેર નમનૂો A ઓખો, મોગ્મ કાયણો આી લગીકયણ કયો (કુ સધુી) અને તેભાાં જોલા ભતી યચનાકીમ રાક્ષણણકતાઓ જણાલો. [Identify, classify giving suitable reasons (up to family) and describe the structural

peculiarities observed in the given specimen A.] 4

b. આેર નમનૂા B ભાાંથી __________________________ ખલુ્લ ુકયો/સ્થાન કયો. [Expose/Mount __________________________from the given specimen B.]

2. નમનૂાઓ C અન ેD ને તાવો અને કાયણો આી તેને તેભના મોગ્મ કૂભાાં મકૂો. નાભવનદેળન લાી આકૃવત દોયો અને તેઓના પષુ્સતૂ્ર અને પષુ્ાકૃવત આો. [Refer the specimens C and D and place them in to their respective families giving reasons.

Draw the labeled diagrams, and give their floral formula and floral diagram] 10 18

3. માાંવત્રક ેળી ભાટે નમનૂા E નુાં અકામભી અણબયાંજીત આસ્થાન તૈમાય કયો. નાભવનદેવળત આકૃવત દોયો અને તભાયી સ્રાઈડ હયક્ષકને ફતાલો. [Make a temporary stained preparation of specimen E for Mechanical tissue. Draw a labeled

diagram and show your slide to the examiner.] 7

અથલા / OR

દ્વિવતમ વધૃ્ધ્ધ ભાટે નમનૂા E નુાં અકામભી અણબયાંજીત આસ્થાન તૈમાય કયો. નાભવનદેવળત આકૃવત દોયો અને તભાયી સ્રાઈડ હયક્ષકને ફતાલો.

[Make a temporary stained preparation of specimen E for Secondary growth. Draw a labeled diagram and show your slide to the examiner.]

4. નીચેનો આંકડાળાસ્ત્રીમ કોમડો ઉકેરો અને વનણથમ તાયલો. [Solve and conclude the following statistical problem] 5

આવવૃત વલતયણ અથલા ભધ્મક, ભધ્મસ્થ અને ફહરુક (કોઈણ એક) [Frequency distribution OR Mean, Median and Mode (any one).]

5. a. ઓખો અને સ્રાઈડ F ભાાં જોલા ભતી અંતઃસ્થ યચનાકીમ રાક્ષણણકતાઓ લણથલો. [Identify and describe the anatomical structure observed in slide F.] 3

b. આેરા નમનૂાઓને ઓખો અને તેભાાં જોલા ભતી ફાહ્યાકાયવલદ્યાકીમ રાક્ષણણકતાઓ આકૃવતવશ લણથલો.

[Identify and describe with diagram the external morphology observed in given specimens] 9 18

નમનૂો G: પષુ્વલન્માવ [Specimen G: Inflorescence]

નમનૂો H: પો (વાદા) [Specimen H: Fruits (simple)] નમનૂો I: પો (વમશૂ અને વાંયકુ્ત) [Specimen I: Fruits (Aggregate and compound)]


b. પ્રમોગોથી [Journal]. 3

of 30

B. Sc. Programme : Semester-IV Core Compulsory Course in BOTANY

CC-BOT-222

w.e.f. December 2012

(Angiosperm Embryology, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Plant Physiology)



Unit-I :: ANGIOSPERM EMBRYOLOGY

[A] MICROSPORANGIUM (Anther): Structure and development of a typical anther (B&B 16,

17). Anther wall: Structure and functions of various layers of mature anther wall (17-28),

Microsporogenesis (28-32). Male gametophyte: Structure of Microspore (Pollen grain) (35),

Formation of Male gametes in microspore (35-48).

[B] MEGASPORANGIUM (Ovule): Types of Ovules (65-66). Structure of Ovule: (67-72).

Definition of Megasporogenesis (75), Female gametophyte-Development of Embryo sac-

Polygonum type (86-88), Mature embryo sac- Structure (91) and functions of its various

components (92-100).

[C] FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT: Fertilization: Definition (126) and

double fertilization (145). Embryo development in Capsella (Dicot) (218-219) and Types of

Endosperm: Nuclear, Cellular and Helobial (180-190), Functions of endosperm (198-199).

Reference: B&B: Bhojwani S S & Bhatnagar S P (2001, 4

th revised edition, reprint) The Embryology of

Angiosperms. Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

PRACTICALS:

Question 4 (D):

Embryo: Study of Embryo with endosperm haustoria from Cucumis and various developing stages of Embryo from

Mustard and make temporary slide with proper stains.

Question 5 (E):

Mocrosporogenesis: Study of Anther Through Aceto-carmine/Aceto-orcene squash technique in following plants: Aloe,

Convolvulus and Onion.

Question 6:

Permanent slide/Chart/Microphotograph etc.: Microsporogenesis, Megasporogenesis, Types and Structure of Ovule,

Structure of Mature Embryo sac and Endosperm.

Unit-II :: BIO-CHEMISTRY

[A] CARBOHYDRATES: Definition, classification and nomenclature (M&G 54).

Monosaccharides: Physical properties of Monosaccharide (M&G 59-60/SHS 156-157),

structure of Glucose (56/ SHS 161-162) and Fructose (58). Disaccharides: Definition, structure

(62) and properties of Sucrose (63) and Maltose (64/ SHS 163-164). Polysaccharides:

Definition, structure (64) and properties of cellulose (64) and Starch (65/ SHS 166-168).

Biological significance of Carbohydrates (SHS 169-170)

[B] LIPIDS: Definition, biological functions of lipids (M&G 111/ SHS 190), alcohols, fatty acids:

saturated and unsaturated (117-118). Classification of lipids: Simple, Compound and Derived

lipids (112). Simple lipids-Structure and function of Triglycerides (113) and Wax (114).

of 30

[C] AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS: Amino acids: Structure (JJL 61), electro-chemical

properties (62) and classification of Amino acids [on the basis of composition of the side chain]

(63-65), peptide bond (72), formation of dipeptide and polypeptide molecule (72-73).

Proteins: General (Physical) properties: Colour and test (96), shape and size (96), Denaturation

(99), amphoteric nature (100), Solubility (101) and structural level of organization of Proteins

(79-87). Biological significance of Proteins (SHS 93-94).

References:


JJL : Jain J L (1999, Reprint) Fundamentals of Biochemistry. S Chand & CO Ltd, New Delhi.

SHS: Srivastava H S (2010-11, 5th revised edition). Elements of Biochemistry. Rastogi Publications, Meerut.

PRACTICALS:

Question 1(A): To determine Isoelectric point of Casein (Protein).

Estimation of Free Fatty acids by titration method.

Question 2(B): Bio-Molecules: Tests for detection of Carbohydrates: The following tests are to be performed to

detect the nature of carbohydrates available in the supplied sample (Glucose, Fructose, Maltose,

Sucrose and Starch).

1. Molisch’s test, 2. Benedict’s test, 3. Barfoed’s test, 4. Seliwanoff’s test, 5. Iodine test, 6.

Cobalt chloride test.

Tests for detection of Lipids i.e., Fats and oils: Micro-chemical tests on sections of Plant materials-

Sudan III stain, Solubility test.

Tests for detection of Proteins: Biuret test, Xanthoprotic test. (SHS 321-323).

Unit-III :: BIO-PHYSICS

[A] pH scale (SHS 22-24), Buffers (SHS 25) and their importance to living organisms (M&G

9/K&K 35-37). The laws of Thermodynamics: definitions of first and second laws (M&G 17-

18/(SHS 32-35), entropy (M&G 18) and free energy (M&G 20/SHS 35) with units.

[B] CHEMICAL BONDS (M&G 23-26): Ionic bond (SHS 7), Covalent bond (SHS 9), Polar

covalent bond (SHS 10) and Hydrogen bond (SHS 12-14). Significance of polar covalent and

hydrogen bonds in biological systems (SHS 14).

[C] RADIATIONS: Radiations and their types (RAVSS 5-6). Definition and units of radioactivity

(M&G 9/RAVSS 5-6). Biological effects of radiation (PV&G 23). Artificial radioactivity

(RAVSS 7). Radioactive isotopes and their applications in biology (M&G 9/PV&G 23).

References:


RAVSS: Rama Rao A V S S (1984, 4th edition, reprint) Text Book of Biochemistry. L K & S Publishers, Tanuku.

K&K: KOchhar P L and Krishnamoorthy H N (1985, 16th editiion) A Textbook of Plant Physiology. Atma Ram &

sons, New Delhi.

SHS: Srivastava H S (2010-11, 5th revised edition). Elements of Biochemistry. Rastogi Publications, Meerut.

PV&G: Pattabhi Vasantha and Gautham N. (2002) Biophysics. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

PRACTICALS:

Question 3(C):

Preparation of solutions and plant juices to determine their pH using pH paper / Universal indicator.

Preparation of buffer solutions.

of 30

Unit-IV :: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

[A] ABSORPTION OF WATER BY LAND PLANTS: Organ of water absorption (M&G 163)

and path of water movement through root (167), Factors affecting absorption of water : External

(167-168) and Internal factors (168).

[B] ASCENT OF SAP: Definition (M&G 248), Mechanism of Ascent of sap: Vital-force theories

(249-250), Root-pressure theory (250-251), Cohesion-tension theory (251).

[C] WATER LOSS: Guttation (D&W 74-76), Transpiration: Introduction (M&G 189), types of

transpiration (189), evaporation and transpiration (189), structure of stomata (189-190).

Stomatal mechanism of opening and closing: Photosynthesis in guard cells (190), Starch-sugar

hypothesis (190-192), Modern concept (192-193), factors affecting stomatal movement (D&W

81-86), significance of transpiration (M&G 200-201).

References:


D&W: Devlin R M and Witham F H (1986, First Indian Edition) Plant Physiology (Fourth Ediiton). CBS Publishers &

Distributors, New Delhi.

PRACTICALS:

Question 1(A):

The following Physiological experiments are to be performed by the students:

1. To show the phenomenon of Ascent of sap.

2. To show unequal transpiration from the leaf surfaces using Cobalt chloride paper.

3. To show four leaf experiment for process of transpiration.

Question 6 (H and I):

The following Physiological experiments are to be demonstrated to the students:

1. Demonstration of Path of water through xylem by Ringing experiment.

2. Demonstration of transpiration by Bell-jar method.

3. Demonstration the rate of transpiration between upper and lower epidermis of leaf using Garreau’s apparatus.

4. Demonstration of rate of transpiration using Ganong’s potometer.

5. Demonstration of rate of transpiration using Farmer’s potometer.

6. To determine the amount of water absorbed and transpired by a plant.

of 30

Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan B. Sc. Semester-IV Practical Examination, March/April-20


(Angiosperm Embryology, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Plant Physiology)

[In force from December 2012]

Date: / /20 Place:


1. તભને આલાભાાં આલેર દેશધભથવલદ્યા/જૈલ-યાવામણણક પ્રમોગ A કયો. તભાયા અલરોકનોની કોઠાભાાં નોંધ કયો. જરૂયી જણામ તો આરખે દોયો. તભાયા હયણાભ અને તાયણ હયક્ષકન ેફતાલો.

[Perform Physiological/Biochemical experiment A assigned to you. Tabulate your observations

and result. Draw graph if necessary. Show your result and conclusion to the examiner.] 8

2. આેર નમનૂા B ભાાંથી જૈલ-અણનુી યખ ભાટેની કવોટીઓ કયો. તભાયા હયણાભ હયક્ષકને ફતાલો.

[Perform tests for detection of organic molecule given in sample B. Show your result to the

examiner.] 7

3. આેર નમનૂા C નુાં pH ભાો. તેની પ્રકૃવત દળાથલો અને ત્માયફાદ હયક્ષકને ફતાલો. [Measure the pH of the given sample C. Mention its nature and then show to the examiner.] 3

4. આેર નમનૂા D ભાાંથી ભ્રણૂ / ભ્રણૂપોષ ચષૂક સહહત ભ્રણૂ ખલૂ્લુાં કયી અને આસ્થાન તૈમાય કયો. જરૂય જણામ તો અણબયાંજીત કયો. યીક્ષકને તભાયી તૈમાય કયેરી સ્રાઈડ ફતાલો.

[Expose and Mount Embryo / Embryo with endosperm haustoria from the given material D.

Stain if necessary. Show your prepared slide to the examiner.] 7

5. આેર નમનૂા E ભાાંથી ડાયડ / ટેટ્રાડ / પોષકસ્તર (ટેપેટમ) ખલૂ્રા કયો અને આસ્થાન તૈમાય કયો. જરૂય જણામ તો અણબયાંજીત કયો. યીક્ષકને તભાયી તૈમાય કયેરી સ્રાઈડ ફતાલો.

[Expose and Mount Diad / Tetrad / Tapetum from the given material E. Stain if necessary.

Show your prepared slide to the examiner.] 5

6. a. ભ્રણૂવલદ્યાની સ્રાઈડ/ચાટથ /ભાઈક્રોપોટોગ્રાપ F અને G ઓખો અને લણથલો. [Identify and describe the embryology slide/chart/micro photograph F and G.] 6

b. પ્રમોગો H અને I એ કઈ દેશધાવભિક હક્રમા દળાથલે છે? લણથલો. [Which Physiological process do experiments H and I demonstrate? Describe.] 6


b. પ્રમોગોથી [Journal]. 3

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Under CBCS - Semester - Grading Pattern

B.Sc. :: SEMESTER-III & IV :: BOTANY

Elective Course (Subject) :: ES BOT-211

DNA-a molecule of Life (in force from June 2012)

Teaching Hours per Week: 2 Credits-2

Unit-I :: STRUCTURE OF DNA

1. Introduction, definition, Brief History of DNA

2. Double Helical Structure of DNA and its Components

3. Form of DNA and its unusual structure

4. Physical properties of DNA and DNA denaturation

Unit-II :: FUNCTIONS OF DNA

1. DNA as a genetic material

2. DNA Replication is semiconservative

3. DNA Transcription

4. Applications of DNA in Modern techniques

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Water quality analysis (in force from June 2012)


Unit-I

1. Introduction(1-6) – Definition, Types, demand, Sources

2. General impurities in water(7-9)

3. Classification of water on the basis of hardness, Incrustation and Corrosion(10-12)

4. Morphometry, Sampling of liquid system(27-29)

Unit-II

1. Physical Parameters – movement, colour, odour, temperature, transparency, turbidity (55-76)

2. Electrical conductance, Total dissolved solids, Dissolved Oxygen (77-109)

3. Biochemical Oxygen demand, Chemical Oxygen demand(110-120)

4. Bacteriological parameters – Most probable number (MPN), Fecal coliform count, E.coli

count.(215-223)

REFERENCE:

Trivedi P R and Gurdeepraj (2005) Environmental water and soil analysis. Akashdeep Publishing

House, New Delhi.

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Biodiversity (in force from June 2012)


Unit-I

1. Introduction – Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity

2. Bio-geographical classification of India

3. Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option

values

4. Biodiversity at global, national and local levels

Unit-II

1. India as a mega-diversity nation, Hot-spots of biodiversity

2. Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts

3. Endangered and endemic species of India and Gujarat

4. Conservation of biodiversity: in-situ and ex-situ conservation of biodiversity

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HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITYPATAN - 384 265

NAAC Accreditation Grade- “B”

FACULTY OF SCIENCE

B. Sc. Programme in BOTANY subject


Syllabus and Examination Scheme for

Semesters V and VIWith effect from

June 2013 and December 2013respectively

Date: 25/03/2012 Total Pages: 1 to 38

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Syllabus forB. Sc. (Semester V and VI) programme in

BOTANYIN FORCE FROM

ACADEMIC YEARJune 2013 and December 2013

Summary of the Programme

Syllabus duration Semester pattern i.e., Sixmonths

No. of core compulsory (CC) course 04 (in each semester) Credits per CC course 03 Total credits for CC course 12/Semester Theory lectures per CC course 03 / Week Total Theory lectures for CC course 12 / Week No. of Practical courses per semester 04 (each from CC course)

Practical lectures 03 /Week/course/batch Total Practical lectures 12 / Week/ batch Credits per Practical course 1.5 Total Credits of Practical course 06 /Semester No. of Practical course (in Uni. Exam.) 03 /Semester No. of Elective Subjective (ES) course 01 (in each semester) Credits for ES course 02 (in each semester) Theory lectures per ES course 02/Week No. of Elective Generic (EG) course 01 Credits for EG course 02 Theory lectures per EG course 02/ Week Examination (including Preparation)(weeks) 05 No. of Days per week 06 Weeks (days) available for Teaching 15 (90) Duration of each lecture (minutes) 55 No. of students/batch 15(on approval of AC and Exam. unit)

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Under Choice Based Credit System-Semester-Grading System patternB. Sc. Programme in Botany

Semester-V and VI

The 11th Five Year plan of India proposed various measures for academic reforms in higher education.Keeping in view the challenges of the changed times and make the higher education in IndianUniversities compatible with the universities in developed nations, the UGC (11 th Plan, March 2009) andlater on the Association of Indian Universities (AIU) stressed on the following rec ommendations:

Semester System Choice Based Credit System. Curriculum Development Examination Reforms Administrative Reforms

All the above recommendations for reforms have been reviewed in by representatives of variousuniversities in the Gujarat State and considered for implementation with the aim of transforming HigherEducation-a transformation where students change from being passive recipients of knowledge tobecoming active participants of the knowledge imbibing process . The education system in the Statethus changes from a teacher -centric to learner-centric mode. It should aim at all -round integraldevelopment of students’ personality so that they become good citizens of the new world order.

Salient Features

CBCS in UG programme in BotanySemester V and VI shall be offered from the Academic year June2013 and December 2013respectively.

Botany subject in the Universities/Affiliated Colleges shall offer undergraduate programme in Faculty

of Science from the Academic year 2011 -12.

A student will have to get enrolled a Core course depending upon his/her requirement of a degree in

the said discipline of study. A student will have a choice of selecting an Elective as well as

Foundation courses from a pool of courses.

Each course shall be assigned a specific number of Credits.

A Core course is the course which should compulsorily be studied by a candidate as a Core

requirement so as to get degree in a said discipline of study.

There shall be fourCore Compulsory courses (Theory) each with 3 credits in each semester and their

practical’s each with 1.5 credits. Thus, a credit weight-age in B Sc programme for each semester

core course shall be of 18 credits. In short, 4.5 credits multiplied by 4 subjects equal to total of 18credits.

In addition to the Core courses, a student will have to choose Elective as well as Foundation courses

from a pool of courses.

Two courses of Elective, one each from Generic Elective and Interdisciplinary / Multidisciplinary /

Subject centric electives shall have to be offered. The cred it weight-age for each Elective course

shall be of 02 Credits. Hence, a total credit weight-age for Elective courses shall be of 4 credits.

One Foundation (English Language L.L.) course shall have to be offered. The credit weight -age for

Foundation course shall be of 02 credits.

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Each course shall have a unique Course code. The Core courses, Elective courses and the Foundationcourses shall be abbreviated respectively as CC, PC, EG, ES and FC.

1. Core Compulsory CCPractical Core (Core Elective) PC

2. Elective Generic EGElective Subject ES

3. Foundation Compulsory FC

Each Academic year shall consist of two semesters, each of 15weeks of teaching equivalent to 90

working days. The Odd semester period shall be from July to November and the Even semester per iod

shall be from December to April.

The course with 3 credits shall be of 45 hrs (15 weeks x 3 credits) duration. The course with 2 credits

shall be of 30 hrs (15 weeks x 2 credits) duration>

A general framework for Bachelor of Science (B Sc) programme s hall be as follows:

Semester wise creditsI II III IV V VI

Total credits ofthe Programme

24 24 24 24 24 24 144

The semester wise weight age of core, elective and foundation courses shall be as follows:

Academicyear

Core compulsoryCourses

Electivecourses

Foundationcourses

Semester I & II 65-75% 15-20% 10-15%Semester III & IV 65-75% 15-20% 10-15%Semester V & VI 65-75% 15-20% 10-15%

Attendance:

The Attendance Rules as per the norms of Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University.

Medium of Instruction:

The Medium of Instruction shall be of Gujarati medium. Student is free to write answers either inGujarati and/or English language.

Language of Question paper:

Question paper should be drawn in Gujarati language and its English version should be given.

Evaluation Methods:

1. A student shall be evaluated through Comprehensive Continuous Assessment ( CCA)/ (Internal

Evaluation) as well as the End of Semester examination (External Evaluation). The weight-age

of CCA shall be 30%, whereas the weight -age of the Semester end examination shall be 70%. There

will be no internal evaluation in practical courses as well as in elective courses.

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2. The In Semester assessment (CCA)/ (Internal Evaluation) is spread through the duration of the

course and is to be done by the Teacher teaching the course. BoS of the subjects will decide various

criteria and their weight-age for CCA. The assessment is to be done by various means including:

Written Tests

MCQs based Tests/Quiz

Presentations/Seminars

Project work/Field work

Group discussions/Group activities

Assignments, etc.

The distribution of Internal Evaluation is given as per criteria given below for 30 marks:

Written Test… 20 marks,

Assignments/MCQs/Very Short questions… 5 marks and

Attendance, Regularity, Punctua lity… 5 marks.

3. The End of Semester examination (External Evaluation) shall have an assessment based upon

following perspective with respect to all the courses:

Evaluation with respect to Knowledge

Evaluation with respect to Understanding

Evaluation with respect to Skill

Evaluation with respect to Application

Higher Order Thinking Skills

4. There shall be following types of Questions from each unit of the course.

MCQs/Fill in the blanks/ Match the pairs, etc

Short answer questions

Medium answer questions

Long answer questions

Examples/ Problems, etc.

5. The End of Semester Examination will be conducted by the University. A certified journal of the

respective practical course must be produced at the time of practical examination by the student.

6. It will be compulsory for a candidate to obtain passing percentage in both Internal as well as

External Evaluation. The passing marks for each course shall be 40% as decided by concern Board

of Studies in Botany.

7. Promotion, Re-Admission and Time for Completion of Course, Procedure for Awarding Grades,

Provision for Appeal, etc. as decided by the Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University.

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Study tour:

Botanical excursion/study tour may be arranged (by the concern faculty with prior permission of HoD

and/or Principal) within state and/or outside the state to explore /studyplant diversity in its natural

habitats.

Submission:

Instead of submission of Herbarium sheets and/or specimens at the time of final (Uni.) practical

examination student may submit photographs /drawings or CD having such photographs/drawings

of plant species to conserve plant species in their natural habitats and to avoid any damage to plant

species and its natural habitat.

Selection of Elective (Subjective) course :

For semester-V and VI a common list of three courses is given below. Students are requested to select

any one of three courses in Semester -V and then in Semester-VI one course may be selected from

the rest of the two courses.

1. ES BOT-301:: Pharmacognosy of Herbal Drugs

2. ES BOT-302 :: Fresh Water Ecology

3. ES BOT-303 :: Air Pollution

Selection of Elective (Generic) course :

For all Semesters-I to VI a separate list consists of new courses of Elective (Generic) is given by the

Universityin Paripatra Kramank: 172/2012 . Students may select any one of the courses as

mentioned below forSemester-V and VI separately.As per Paripatra in Semester-V there are two

courses 1. Indian constitution and 2. Data Base Management System (DBMS). In Semester-VI

there are two courses 1. Information Technology and 2. Naturopathy.

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HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANB.Sc. three year (General) Programme with 144 credits

Semester-V and VI in BOTANY w.e.f. June-2013 and December-2013 respectivelyGeneral Pattern/Scheme of study components along with credits

ExaminationStudy Components Ins.Hrs/Week

InternalMarks

Uni.Exam.Marks

TotalMarks

Credits

Semester-VCore Compulsory (CC) Course

CC-I-7 Core Course-I (Paper-7) 3 30 70 100 3CC-I-8 Core Course-I (Paper-8) 3 30 70 100 3CC-I-9 Core Course-II (Paper-9) 3 30 70 100 3CC-I-10 Core Course-II (Paper-10) 3 30 70 100 3

Soft-skill: Practical Core (PC) CoursePC-I-7 Practical Core Course-I (Paper-7) 3 50 50 1.5PC-I-8 Practical Core Course-I (Paper-8) 3 50 50 1.5PC-I-9 Practical Core Course-II (Paper-9) 3 50 50 1.5PC-I-10 Practical Core Course-II (Paper-10) 3 50 50 1.5

Foundation Course (FC)FG-31 Compulsory English (L.L.) 3 30 70 100 2

Elective Course (EC)EG-31 Elective (Generic) Course 2 50 50 2ES-31 Elective (Subject) Course 2 50 50 2

30 150 650 800 24

Semester-VICore Compulsory (CC) Course

CC-I-11 Core Course-I (Paper-11) 3 30 70 100 3CC-I-12 Core Course-I (Paper-12) 3 30 70 100 3CC-I-13 Core Course-II (Paper-13) 3 30 70 100 3CC-I-14 Core Course-II (Paper-14) 3 30 70 100 3

Soft-skill: Practical Core (PC) CoursePC-I-11 Practical Core Course-I (Paper-11) 3 50 50 1.5PC-I-12 Practical Core Course-I (Paper-12) 3 50 50 1.5PC-I-13 Practical Core Course-II (Paper-13) 3 50 50 1.5PC-I-14 Practical Core Course-II (Paper-14) 3 50 50 1.5

Foundation Course (FC)FG-32 Compulsory English (L.L.) 3 30 70 100 2

Elective Course (EC)EG-32 Elective (Generic) Course 2 50 50 2ES-32 Elective (Subject) Course 2 50 50 2

30 150 650 800 24

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HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANUnder CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern

B. Sc. (Semester-V and VI) ProgrammeFormat for Question paper

Core Complementary Course in BotanyTime: 3 Hours [w. e. f. June 2013 and December 2013] Total Marks: 70

1. Long answered and medium answered/short note-typed questions from each Unit-I 20a. Long answered questions (Attempt any two from three, each of 7 marks)

b. Medium answered or short note-typed questions (Attempt any two from three, each of 3 marks)

2. Long answered and medium answered/short note-typed questions from each Unit-II 20a. Long answered questions (Attempt any two from three, each of 7 marks)


3. Long answered and medium answered/short note-typed questions from each Unit-III 20a. Long answered questions (Attempt any two from three, each of 7 marks)


4. Questions such as, MCQs, Fill in the blanks, Match the pairs, very short answered questions, etc. 10(Each of 1 Mark) [Total 10, at least three questions from each Unit]

-------------xxxxxxxxxxxxx-------------


B. Sc. (Semester-V and VI) ProgrammeFormat for Question paper

Elective (Subject) Course in BotanyTime: 2 Hours [w. e. f. June 2013 and December 2013] Total Marks: 50

1. Long answered and medium answered/short note-typed questions from each Unit-I 20a. Long answered questions (Attempt any two from three, each of 7 marks)


2. Long answered and medium answered/short note-typed questions from each Unit-II 20a. Long answered questions (Attempt any two from three, each of 7 marks)


3. Questions such as, MCQs, Fill in the blanks, Match the pairs, very short answered questions, etc. 10(Each of 1 Mark) [Total 10, Five questions from each Unit]

-------------xxxxxxxxxxxxx-------------

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Semester-V :: BOTANY:: Core Compulsory

For Semester-end examination there will beFOUR theory and

THREE practical coursesas mentioned below:

CORE COMPULSORY COURSE

CC-BOT-311(Algae, Fungi and Plant Pathology )

CC-BOT-312(Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Gymnosperms )

CC-BOT-313(Angiosperm Families, Plant Ecology and Plant A natomy)

CC-BOT-314(Cell Biology & Genetics, Microbiology and Biostatistics)

CORE COMPULSORY PRACTICAL COURSE

PC-BOT-311(Algae, Fungi, Plant PathologyandBryophyta)

PC-BOT-312(Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, Angiosperm Familiesand Plant Ecology)

PC-BOT-313(Plant Anatomy, Cell Biology & Genetics, Microbiology and Biostatistics)

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B.Sc. (Semester-V)ProgrammeCore Compulsory Course in BOTANY

CC-BOT-311(Algae, Fungi and Plant Pathology)Theory teaching hours:3 Hours/week Credit: 3.0Practical teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit: 1.5

Unit-I :: Algae

Cyanobacteria: General characters, Organization of Thallus: Unicellular forms, Collonial forms:Non-filamentous and Filamentous colonies. Economic importance of Cyanobacteria.

General characters of Algae andThallus organization of Algae: Colonial, Coenobium andFilamentous. Ultra structure of Algal (Eukaryotic) cell i.e., Chlamydomonas cell. Harmful aspectsof Algae.

Typical life histories of algae belonging to various divisions including classification(Smith,1958), occurrence, structure, reproduction (excluding development):

o Cyanophyta: Nostoco Chlorophyta: Oedogoniumo Phaeophyta: Ectocarpuso Rhodophyta: Batrachospermum

PRACTICALS:Classify with reasons (up to family), i dentify and describe structural peculiarities of Algae mentioned in Theorysyllabus.

Cyanophyta: Nostoc Material: Vegetative structure. Permanent slide: Thallus, Heterocyst.

Chlorophyta: Oedogonium Material: Vegetative structure (Thallus), Antheridium: M acrandrous sp., Oogonium:

Macrandrous sp. Permanent slide: Thallus, Antheridium: Macrandrous sp., Antheridium: Nanandrous species.,

Oogonium: Macrandrous species., Zygote.Phaeophyta: Ectocarpus

Material: Veg.structure, asexual reproductive struct ures- Uni & Pluri-locular sporangia Permanent slide: Thallus, asexual reproduction- Uni and Pluri-locular sporangia.

Rhodophyta: Batrachospermum Materail: Vegetativeand reproductive structure - carposporangia and cystocarp Permanent slide: Thallus, cystocarp.

References:Hait G, Bhattacharya K and Ghosh A K (2008) A Text Book of Botany , Vol-I, New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd., Kolkata(1 st

Edition’s Reprint).Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (2008-09) A Text Book of Botany, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(4 th Revised Edition’s

Reprint).Vasishtha B R, Sinha A K and Singh V P (2007), Botany for degree students-Algae (5th edition), S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New

Delhi.Pandey B P (2001), College Botany Vol. I, S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi.Purohit S S and Deo P P (2005), UGC Unified College Botany –First Year, Student edition, Jodhpur.Gangulee S.C., Das K.S., Dutta C.D. and Kar (1985), College Botany Vol. I, II & III , New Central Book Agency, Kolkata.Pandey S N, Misra S P, Mukharjee and Trivedi P S (2003) A Text Book of Botany Vol.I& II, Vikas Publ. H. P L, N. Delhi.

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Unit-II :: Fungi General characters, Modes of nutrition, Thallus organization: Unicelluar, Filamentous - aseptate

and septate mycelia. Typical life histories of fungi belonging to various division s including Classification

(G C Ainsworth, 1973), occurrence, structure, reproduction (excluding development):o Oomycetes: Pythiumo Ascomycetes: Erysiphaeo Basidiomycetes: Agaricus

Forms of spore in Fungi: Asexual Spores, Sexual Spores.

PRACTICALS:Classify with reasons (up to family), identify and describe structural peculiarities of Fungi mentioned in Theorysyllabus.

Oomycetes: Pythium Material: Vegetative structure, Reproductive body: Asexual and Sexual. Permanent slide: Mycelium, Reproductive structure: Asexual, Sexual and Zygospore.

Ascomycetes: Erysiphae Material: Vegetative structure, reproductive body-cleistothecium. Permanent slide: Mycelium, reproductive structure - cleistothecium.

Basidiomycetes: Agaricus Material: reproductive fruiting bodies Permanent slide: reproductive structure, L. S. and T. S. of gills.

References:Hait G, Bhattacharya K and Ghosh A K (2008) AText Book of Botany, Vol -I, New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd., Kolkata (1st

Edition’s Reprint).Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (2008-09) A Text Book of Botany, Rastogi Publications, Meerut (4th Revised Edition’s

Reprint).Sharma P D (2003) The Fungi, Rastogi Publications, Meerut (2nd Edition’s Reprint).Vashishta B R and Sinha A K (2007) Botany for Degree Student s –Fungi, S Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi (1st Edition’s

Revised and Multicolour-Reprint).Vasishtha B R and Sinha A K (2002), Botany for degree students -Fungi (5th edition), S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New DelhiSharma O P (2002), Text Book of Fungi (9th edit ion), Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co Ltd.,DelhiDubey H.C. (2005), An Introduction to Fungi, (3rd edition), Vikas Publishing House P. Ltd.,New DelhiSundra Rajan S (2001), Introduction to Fungi, (1st edition), Anmol Publications P. Ltd., New Delhi.Swanton E W (2002), Fungi (), Surbhi Publications, JaipurAlexopoulos C.J., Mims C W and Blackwell M (2002)Introductory Mycology (3rd edition), John Wiley & Sons, New York.Sumbali Geeta (2005), The Fungi, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.Pandey B P ( 2002), Botany B Sc I, S Chand & Co L, New Delhi

Unit-III :: Plant Pathology The Fundamentals of Plant Pathology: Plant Pathogens: Bacteria, Virus and Fungi. Classification of plant diseases on the basis of nature of the causal agent and occurrence. General symptoms, causal organism, disease cycle and control measures of following Plant

diseases: White rust of Crucifer, Black rust of Wheat and Wilt of Cotton

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PRACTICALS:Plant diseases: Study through Fresh/Preserved material and Permanent slide

White rust of Crucifer- reproductive structure-conidia Black rust of Wheat- reproductive structures-Telutospores, Uredospores Wilt of Cotton- reproductive structure-conidia, cleistothecium

References:Rangaswami G (1988) Diseases of Crop plants in India, Prentice -Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (3rd Edition).Pandey B P (2006) Plant Pathology-Pathogen and Plant Diseases, S Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi (1st Edition’s

Reprint).Mehrotra R S (1991) Plant Pathology, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delh i (8th Edition’s

Reprint).Agrios George N (2004) Plant Pathology, Academic Press, Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (4th Edition/

1st Indian Edition’s Reprint).Sharma P D (2003) Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Rastogi Publications, Meerut (2n d Edition’s Reprint).

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CC-BOT-312 (Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Gymnos perms)Theory teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit: 3.0Practical teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit: 1.5

Unit-I :: Bryophyta General characters of Bryophyta. Origin of Bryophyta: From Algae and From Pteridophytes. Vegetative reproduction in Bryophytes. Typical life-histories of Bryophyta belonging to various divisions including Classification

(Proskauer, 1957), Occurrence, External and Internal Structure of Thallus and Reproduction(excluding development).

o Hepaticopsida: Ricciao Anthocerotopsida: Anthoceroso Bryopsida: Funaria

PRACTICALS:Classify with reasons (up to family), identify and describe struct ural peculiarities of Bryophytes mentioned inTheory syllabus.

Hepaticopsida:Riccia Material: Vegetative structure: Thallus, Reproductive body: Antheridia and Archegonia.

Permanent slide: Tallus (W M), V S of Thallus, Reproductive structure: Antheridia (W M)and Archegonia (W M), V S of Sporophyte/Capsule.

Anthocerotopsida:Anthoceros Material: Vegetative structure: Thallus, Reproductive body: Sporophyte/Capsule.

Permanent slide: Tallus (W M), V S of Thallus, Reproductive structure: Antheridia (W M)and Archegonia (W M), T S of Sporophyte/Capsule V S of Sporophyte/Capsule.

Bryopsida: Funaria Material: Vegetative structure: Thallus, Sex organs, Sporophyte/Capsule, Spores, Peristomal

teeth.

Permanent slide: Tallus (W M), Sex organs, L.S. of capsule, Peristom e, Protonema.

References:Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (2008-09) A Text Book of Botany, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(4 th Revised Edition’s

Reprint).Vashishta B R and Sinha A K (2007) Botany for Degree Students –Bryophyta, S Chand & CompanyLtd., New Delhi (1st

Edition’s Revised and Multicolour -Reprint).A V S S Sambamurty (2005), A text book of Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Paleobotany ( ),Parihar N.S. ( ), Pteridophyta

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Unit-II :: Pteridophyta General characters of Pteridophyta. Apospory and Apogamy. Types of Stele in Pteridophytes. Typical life-histories of Pteridophyta belonging to various divisions including Classification

(Smith, 1955), Occurrence, External and Internal Structure of Plant body and Reproducti on(excluding development).

o Lycophyta: Selaginellao Arthrophyta: Equisetumo Pterophyta: Leptosporangiopsida:Marsilea

PRACTICALS:Classify with reasons (up to family), identify and describe structural peculiarities of Pteridophytes mentioned inTheory syllabus.

Lycophyta: Selaginella Material: Plant body (Veg organs -root, stem, rhizophoe, leaf), reproduction - cone/ strobilus. Permanent slide: Plant body (WM), T.S. of root, T.S. of stem, T.S. of rhizophore, leaf (WM),

reproduction: L. S. of cone, Megaspore (WM), Microspore (WM).Arthrophyta: Equisetum

Material: Plant body (Veg. organs - stem, scaly leaves), reproduction- cone/ strobilus. Permanent slide: Plant body (WM), T. S. of stem, scaly leaves (WM), reproduction: L. S. of

cone, T. S. of cone, Spores (WM).Pterophyta: Leptosporangiopsida- Marsilea

Material: Vegetative structure (External and Internal): Root, Stem, Leaf. Reproductive body:Sporocarp.

Permanent slide: T S of Root, Stem, Leaf, Reproductive structure: T S/V S of Sporocarp,Microspore, Megaspore.

References:Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (2008-09) A Text Book of Botany, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(4 th Revised Edition’s

Reprint).Vashishta B R and Sinha A K (2007) Botany for Degree Students –Pteridophyta, S Chand & CompanyLtd., New Del hi (1st

Edition’s Revised and Multicolour -Reprint).Hait G, Bhattacharya K and Ghosh A K (2008) AText Book of Botany , Vol-I, New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd., Kolkata(1 st

Edition’s Reprint).

Unit-III :: Gymnosperms Introduction: Affinities of Gymnosperms with Pteridophytesand Angiosperms. Economic importance of Gymnosperms. Typical life-histories of Gymnosperms belonging to various divisions including Classification

(Taylor, 1981), Occurrence, Structure and Reproduction (excluding developme nt).o Coniferales: Pinuso Ephedrales: Ephedra

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PRACTICALS:Classify with reasons (up to family), identify and describe structural peculiarities of Gymnosperms mentioned inTheory syllabus.

Coniferales: Pinus Material: Vegetative organs-leaves (needles), reproductive structures- male cone, female cone,

Microspores (pollen grains). Permanent slide: Sections of stem, T.S. of leaf, reproduction: L. S. of male cone, T. S. of ovule,

Microspores/Pollen grains (WM).Ephedrales: Ephedra

Material: Vegetative organs. Reproductive structures - Male cone, Female cone, Microspores(pollen grains).

Permanent slide: Sections of vegetative organs. L. S. of male cone, T. S. of ovule,Microspores/Pollen grains (WM).

References:Biswas C and Johri B M (2004) The Gymnosperms, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi(2 nd Reprint Edition).Vasishta P C (2005) Botany for Degree Students Gymnosperms, S Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi(1 st Edition’s Reprint)Pandey B P (2003) College Botany –Vol.-II,S Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi(1st Edition’s Reprint)Pandey S N, Misra S P and Trivedi P S (2003) A Text Book of Botany –Vol.-II,Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd., New

Delhi(11th Revised Edition’s Reprint).Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (2008-09) A Text Book of Botany, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(4 th Revised Edition’s

Reprint).Pandey B P (2003) Simplified Course in Botany –B Sc-II,S Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi(1 st Edition’s Reprint)Bhatnagar S P and Moitra Alok (2006) Gymnosperms,,New Age International (P) Ltd, Publishers., New Delhi(1st Edition’s

Reprint)

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CC-BOT-313(Angiosperm Families, Plant Ecology and Plant Anatomy)Theory teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit: 3.0Practical teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit: 1.5

Unit-I :: Angiosperm Families Studies of Angiosperm families:

Distinguishing characters and classification up to family with reasons as per Bentham andHooker’s (1862-80) system of classification of the following families including floral formula,floral diagram and botanical names of economically important any five plants:

o Dicotyledons: Polypetalae:Tiliaceae, Rhamnaceae,Cucurbitaceae. Gamopetalae:Solanacae, Convolvulaceae, Scrophulariceae, Bignoniaceae,

Lamiaceae. Monochlamidae:Amaranthaceae.

o Monocotyledons: Commelinaceae, Amaryllidaceae.

PRACTICALS:Identify and classify (as per Bentham and Hooker’s system) the family giving reasons and Draw diagrams: Aflowering twig, L S of Flower, other floral structures, floral formula and floral diagram of locally availableplant specimens of families as mentioned below.

Dicotyledons:Polypetalae: Tiliaceae, Rhamnaceae, Cucurbitaceae.Gamopetalae:Solanacae, Convolvulaceae, Scrophulariceae, Bignoniaceae, Lamiaceae.Monochlamydae:Amaranthaceae.

Monocotyledons:Commelinaceae, Amaryllidaceae.

References:Lawrence G H M (1967) Taxonomy of Vascular Plants , Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.Pvt Ltd., New Delhi (1 st Indian Edition).Singh V Pande P C and Jain D K (1995) A Text Book of Botany-Angiosperms, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(1 st Edition’s

Reprint).Singh V and Jain D K (1999) Taxonomy of Angiosperms , Rastogi Publications, Meerut(2 nd Edition’s Reprint).

Unit-II :: Plant Ecology Climatic Factors: Light factor: Light in relations to Plants. Temperature factor: Effects of

temperature on Plants, Variations in temperature and its effects on distribution on Plants.Precipitation (Rainfall), Humidity in air and Wind.

Biotic Factor: Positive interactions: Mutualism and Commensalism. Negative inter action:Parasitism and Predation. Abiotic environment: Liebig’s Law of Minimum, Shelford’s Law ofTolerance.

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Autecology: Introduction, Regeneration of a species: Seed output, Seed dispersal, Seed viability,Seed germination and reproductive capacity.

Edaphic Factor: Soil: Soil Complex: Components and Properties: Mineral matter: Soil Texture,Soil structure and Porosity. Soil air, Soil Water, Soil Solution, Soil Organic matter and SoilOrganisms.

PRACTICALS Study of ecological instruments:

o Maximum and Minimum Thermometero Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometero Hygrometero Anemometero Rain guage

To determine Carbonate, Nitrate and Base deficiency in scale of 0-5 in soil sample. To determine Chloride content in a water sample. To determine pH in a water and soil sample. To determine Total hardness of a water sample. To determine Carbonate and Bi -carbonate in a water sample. To determine field/water holding capacity of different soil samples. Mechanical separation of soil sample to study the percentage of different particle s (contents) of soil

samples. Study of Physical characters i.e., weight, length, width, volume, colour and shape of the seed. Biotic Interactions between living organisms:

o Mutualism : Root nodules, Lichen (specimen and permanent slides)o Parasitism :Cuscuta (specimen and permanent slide), Loranthes (specimen)

References:Sharma P D (2003) Ecology and Environment , Rastogi Publications, Meerut. (7 th Edition’s Reprint).Agrawal K C (2001) Fundamentals of Environmental Bio logy, Nidhi Publishers (India), Bikaner. (1st Edition).Subrahmanyam N S and Sambamurty A V S S (2000) Ecology, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi. (1 st Edition).Kormondy E J (2002) Concept of Ecology, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt Ltd., New Delhi(12 th Indian Edition Reprint).

Unit-III :: Plant Anatomy Stomata: Structure and Function, Types -According to Metcalfe and Chalk (1950). Secretory Tissue: Glandular trichomes, Hydathodes, Resin ducts and Laticifers. Nodal Anatomy: Leaf Traces and Leaf gaps. Types of nodes. Ergastic substances: Food Products-Carbohydrates, Nitrogenous Products and Fats. Mineral

crystals and Alkaloids. Leaf fall and wound healing.

PRACTICALS: To study the various types of Stomata as per theory syllabus:

Anomocytic: From any plant species of families Papaveraceae, Cappar aceae, Nyctaginaceae. Anisocytic:From any plant species of families Brassicaceae, Solanaceae, Convolvulaceae. Diacytic: From any plantspecies of families Lamiaceae, Acanthaceae and Paracytic: From any plant species of family Rubiaceae.

To study the Glandular Trichomes from Datura, Ocimum stem epidermis, fruit wall of Boerhaaviadiffusa. Hydathode from Colocasia leaf, Nephrolepis leaflet.Resin ducts from Pinus leaflet, Sunflowerstem.

To study Articulated or Non-Articulated Latex tissue from the plant spe cies of families viz.,Convolvulaceae, Sapotaceae, Caricaeae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Moraceae,Papaveraceae and Apocynaceae.

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To study the Uni_, Tri_ and Multilacunar nodes from stem (Nodal region) of Annona, Azadirachta andChenopodium respectively.

To study the ergastic substances with appropriate staining: Starch grains: various types e.g., Caryopsis of Maize, Wheat, Riceand tuber of Potato. Aleurone layer e.g., Maize. Aleurone crystals e.g., Seed of castor. Fat particles e.g., seed of Castor, Groundnut and Coconut (endosperm). Mineral Crystals e.g., Calcium oxalate: Raphids-Petiole of Colocaciaand Stem of

Commelina. Sphaeraphids: Nerium leaf. Calcium carbonate: Cystoliths-Ficus (Banyan)leaf

Alkaloids e.g., Withania-Root, Vinca-Stem and Nicotiana-leaf and leaf of Adhatoda andDatura.

References:Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (1998) Anatomy of Seed Plants , Rastogi Publications, Meerut(1 st Edition’s Reprint).Pandey B P (1997) Plant Anatomy, S Chand & Co. Ltd, New Delhi. (1st Edition’s Reprint).E John Jothi Prakash (2000) A Text Book of Plant Anatomy , Emkay Publications, Delhi. (2 nd Revised Edition).Tayal M S (2001) Plant Anatomy, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(5 th Edition’s Reprint).

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CC-BOT-314(Cell Biology & Genetics, Microbiology and Biostatistics)Theory teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit: 3.0Practical teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit: 1.5

Unit-I :: Cell Biology & Genetics Cell biology:

o Mitochondria: Morphology and Ultra structure, Chemical composition and Functions.Plastids: Types of Plastids, Chloroplasts: Morphology, Chemical composition, Ultrastructure and Functions.

Genetics:o Non-Mendalian Inheritance: Genetic Inter action: 9:6:1 and 13:3. Crossing over and

Linkage maps: Recombination frequencies from a test cross and F 2 data. Linkage groups:Introduction, Chi-square test for segregation ratios and detection of linkage.

o Chromosomal Aberrations: Structural Changes in Chromosomes-Deletion, Duplication,Inversion, Translocation.Numerical Changes in Chromosomes -Euploidy: Monoploidy,Polyploidy: Autopolyploids, Allopolyploids. Aneuploidy: Monosomy, Nullisomy,Trisomy and Tetrasomy.

PRACTICALS:Study of cell organelles (as per theory syllabus) through Permanent Slides/Charts/Models/Photographs .Study of chromosomal aberrations (as per theory syllabus) through Charts/ Models/ Photographs.Solve Genetical problems and conclude from topics given in the theory syllabus.

References:Strickberger M W (2005) Genetics, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt Ltd., New Delhi(3 rd Edition-EEE).Rastogi Veer Bala (1991-92) A Text Book of Genetics , Kedar Nath Ram Nath, Meerut(9 th Revised Edition).Singh B D (2001) Plant Breeding-Principles and Methods, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana (1st Edition’s Reprint).Gupta P K (2005) Genetics, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt Ltd., New Delhi(3 rd Edition-EEE).Verma P S and Agarwal (2006) Cell Biology, Genetics , Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology .S Chand & Company Ltd.,

New Delhi(1st Multicolour Edition-Reprint).Sambamurty ( ), Genetics (2nd edition)Gupta P K (2007 ), Genetics-classical to modern (1st edition)Patel B C (2012) Human Genetics (Manav Janinvignan -in Gujarati) Gujarat Vishvakosh Trust , Ahmedabad-380 013 (1st

edition).

Unit-II :: Microbiology (Bacteriology) Cell structure of Bacteria: Cellwall -structure and chemical composition, Cytoplasmic membrane,

Mesosomes, Cytoplasmic inclusions and vacuoles, Nuclear material. Preparation for light microscope examination: Wet mount and Hanging drop technique. Fixed

stained smear- Gram staining.

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Isolation, Maintenance and Preservation of Pure cultures: Streak -plate, Pour plate and Spreadplate techniques. Maintenance and Preservation: Periodic tran sfer, overlaying cultures withmineral oil, Freeze-drying, storage at low temperatures.

The Immune response: Antigens, Antibodies, Monoclonal antibodies.

PRACTICALS Study of bacterial cell through diagram, chart/microphotograph. Wet mountand Hanging drop technique. Fixed stained smear-Gram staining. Study of Microorganisms’s Isolation techniques through prepared plates. Principles and working of following apparatus: Autoclave, Hot air oven and laminar air flow. Detection of Blood group-A, B, AB, O/Rh+, Rh- using Blood grouping test.

References:Pelczar M J, Chan E C S and Krieg N R (2004) Microbiology, Tata McGraw-Hall Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi(27 th

Reprint Edition).Dubey H C (2004), Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi , Vikas Publishing House P Ltd , New delhiPrescott, Harley and Klein, Microbiology (6th edition),Sharma P D (2007), Microbiology (6th edition),Patel R J and Patel K R (2000), Experimental Microbiology Vol.-I, Aditya, Amdavad.Powar and Daginawala (1997), General Microbiology Vol.I & II, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.

Unit-III :: Biostatistics Measure of Dispersion-I: Definition, computation, Merits and Demerits and Properties of: Mean

Deviation and Standard Deviation: Ungrouped data, Grouped data: Discrete series andContinuous series.

Measure of Dispersion-II: Definition, computation, Merits and Demerits and Properties of:Variance and Co-efficient of Variance. Standard Error.

Probability: Important terms, Definition of Probability, Theorems of Probability: The AdditionTheorem and The Multiplication Theorem.

PRACTICALSSolve and conclude the statistical problems on:

Mean deviation, Standard deviation, Variance, Co-efficient of Variance Standard error and Probability.

References:Banerjee P K (2004) Introduction to Biostatistics [A Textbook of Biometry], S Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi(1 st Edition).Prasad S (2001) Elements of Biostatistics, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(1 st Edition).Chandel S R S (2006) A Hand Book of Agricultural Statistics, Achal Prakashan Mandir, Kanpur(1st Edition).

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Seat No._____________

Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, PatanUnder CBCS-Semester-Grading patternB.Sc. (Semester-V) Programme Practical Examination, November/December -20Botany Practical - PC-BOT-311[Algae, Fungi, Plant Pathology and Bryophyta ][In force from June 2013]Date: / /20 Place:Time: 5 Hours] [Maximum Marks: 65

Instruction: Students are requested to follow instructions given by the examiners.

1. Identify and classify giving suitable reasons (up to family) the specimens A, B and C. 18

2. Identify and describe the structural peculiarities observed in specimens D, E and F. 15

3. Make temporary slide of the reproductive organ from the specimen G. Draw labeled diagram and

show your preparation to the examiner. 5

4. Expose the Pathogen from the given plant material H and prepare temporary slide. Make a labeled

diagram and show your preparation to t he examiner. 5

5. Identify and describe peculiarities seen in spot I, J, K and L. 12

6. (a) Submission and viva-voce. 7

(b) Journal 3

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Seat No._____________

Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, PatanUnder CBCS-Semester-Grading patternB.Sc. (Semester-V) Programme Practical Examination, November/December -20Botany Practical - PC-BOT-312[Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, Angiosperm Families and Plant Ecology ][In force from June 2013]Date: / /20 Place:Time: 5 Hours] [Maximum Marks: 65


1. Identify and classify giving suitable reasons (up to family) t he specimens A. 8

2. Identify and describe the structural peculiarities observed in specimens B. 8

3. Make temporary slide of the reproductive organ from the specimen C. Draw labeled diagram and

show your preparation to the examiner. 5

4. Refer to the given specimens D, E & F to their respective families giving reasons including floral

formula and floral diagram. 18

5. Identify and describe peculiarities seen in spot G, H and I. 12

6. Determine ………………….from given water/soil sample J. Show your results to the examiner. 4

OR

6. Determine Carbonate, Nitrate and Base deficiency in scale of 0 -5 from soil sample J. Show your

results to the examiner.


(b) Journal 3

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Seat No._____________

Hemchandracharya North Gujarat Univer sity, PatanUnder CBCS-Semester-Grading patternB.Sc. (Semester-V) Programme Practical Examination, November/December -20Botany Practical - PC-BOT-313[Plant Anatomy, Cell Biology & Genetics, Microbiology and Biostatistics ][In force from June 2013]Date: / /20 Place:Time: 5 Hours] [Maximum Marks: 70


1. Solve and conclude the Genetical problems as per given slip. 12

A…………………………………………………….

B…………………………………………………….

2. Solve and conclude the Statistical problems as per given slip. 12

C…………………………………………………….

D…………………………………………………….

3. Show ………………………from plant material E, stains if necessary with appropriate staining.

Draw labeled diagram and show your preparation to the examiner. 8

4. Expose and mount …………. from the given material F. Stain if necessary. Show your preparation

to your examiner. 8

5. Proceed to perform Gram positive / Gram nega tive staining from sample G. Write principle of

staining technique. Show your preparation to the examiner. 8

OR

5. Perform Bacterial /Protozoan motility of the given sample G by hanging drop method. 8

6. Identify and describe the structural peculiaritie s observed in spot H, I and J. 12

7. (a) Submisson and viva-voce. 7

(b) Journal 3

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Semester-VI :: BOTANY:: Core Compulsory

For Semester-end examination there will beFOUR theory and

THREE practical papers/coursesas mentioned below:

CORE COMPULSORY COURSE

CC-BOT-321(Molecular Biology, Plant Pathology & Lichensand Angiosperm Families)

CC-BOT-322(Biochemistry and Plant Physiology )

CC-BOT-323(Economic Botany, Plant Tissue Culture & Biotechnology and Genetics&Plant Ecology)

CC-BOT-324(Plant Anatomy and Plant Breeding)

CORE COMPULSORY PRACTICAL COURSE

PC-BOT-321(Molecular Biology, Plant Pathology & Lichens, Angiosperm Families and Biochemistry)

PC-BOT-322(Plant Physiology, Plant Breeding)

PC-BOT-323(Economic Botany, Plant Tissue Culture & Biotechnology ,Genetics&Plant Ecology, Plant Anatomy)

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B.Sc. (Semester-VI) ProgrammeCore Compulsory Course in BOTANY

CC-BOT-321 (Molecular Biology, Plant Pathology & Lichens and Angiosperm Families)Theory teaching hours:3 Hours/week Credit: 3.0Practical teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit:1.5

Unit-I :: Molecular Biology Chemical Nature of Genetic materials: Molecular structure of De -oxy ribo Nucleic Acid-Watson

and Crick model, Molecular structure of Ribo Nucleic Acid and Types of RNA. Replication of DNA: Mechanism of DNA replication in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes. Transcription: Mechanism of Prokaryotic Transcription, Mechanism of Eukaryotic Transcription. Genetic Code and Translation: Genetic Code -Characteristics and Genetic codon/dictionary.

Translation-Mechanism of Protein Synthesis.

PRACTICALSStudy through Permanent Slides/Charts/Models/Photographs:

Watson and Crick’s model of DNA / Molecular structure of DNA, Types of RNA / Molecular structure of RNA, DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation: Genetic code and Protein synthesis

Reference:Verma P S and Agarwal (2006) Cell Biology, Genetics , Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology .S Chand & Company Ltd.,

New Delhi(1st Multicolour Edition-Reprint).

Unit-II :: Plant Pathology & Lichens Plant Pathology

o Defense Mechanisms in Plants: Morphological Defense Mechanism and BiochemicalDefense Mechanism.

o Dissemination of Plant Pathogens: Direct dissemination and Indirect dissemination. Study of Plant Diseases: Following diseases of Plants, th eir symptoms, causal

organisms, disease cycle and their control measures: 1. Late Blight of Potato 2. Tikkadisease of Groundnut and 3. Powdery mildew of Cucurbits .

Lichens:General Characters of Lichens, Classification of the Lichens -Ascolichens andBasidiolichens, Structure of Thallus- Crustose, Foliose and Fruticose and Reproduction ofLichen- Asexual and Sexual.

PRACTICALS Plant diseases: Study through Fresh/Preserved material and Permanent slide

o Late Blight of Potato - reproductive structure-sporangiao Tikka disease of Groundnut - reproductive structure-conidiao Powdery mildew of Cucurbits - reproductive structures

Study of different specimens: Crustose, Foliose and Fruticose. Material/Permanent slide: Thallus of Lichen, Fruiting bodies, T S of Lichen Thallus and V S of fruiting

bodies.

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References:Rangaswami G (1988) Diseases of Crop plants in India, Prentice -Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (3rd

Edition).Pandey B P (2006) Plant Pathology-Pathogen and Plant Diseases, S Chand & Co. Ltd., Ne w Delhi (1st Edition’s

Reprint).Mehrotra R S (1991) Plant Pathology, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (8th Edition’s

Reprint).Agrios George N (2004) Plant Pathology, Academic Press, Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (4th Ed ition/

1st Indian Edition’s Reprint).Sharma P D (2003) Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Rastogi Publications, Meerut (2nd Edition’s Reprint).Hait G, Bhattacharya K and Ghosh A K (2008) AText Book of Botany , Vol-I, New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd., Kolkata(1st

Edition’s Reprint).Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (2008-09) A Text Book of Botany, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(4 th Revised Edition’s

Reprint).Sharma P D (2003) The Fungi, Rastogi Publications, Meerut (2 nd Edition’s Reprint).Vashishta B R and Sinha A K (2007) Botany for Degree Students –Fungi, S Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi (1 st

Edition’s Revised and Multicolour -Reprint).

Unit-III :: Angiosperm Families Classification (as per Bentham and Hooker’s system), distinguishing characters, flo ral formula,

floral diagram, common examples of economically important plants of the following families.o Dicotyledons:

Polypetalae: Cruciferae (Brassicaceae), Papaveraceae, Rutaceae. Gamopetalae: Sapotaceae, Asteraceae. Monochlamydae: Moraceae.

o Monocotyledons: Cannaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae. Dichotomous Key Angiosperm Taxonomy in relation to anatomy and embryology.

PRACTICALS:Identify and classify (as per Bentham and Hooker’s system) the family giving reasons and Draw diagrams: Aflowering twig, L S of Flower, other floral structures, floral formula and floral diagram of locally availableplant specimens of families as mentioned below.

Dicotyledons:Polypetalae: Cruciferae (Brassicaceae), Papaveraceae, Rutaceae.Gamopetalae: Sapotaceae, Asteraceae.Monochlamydae: Moraceae.

Monocotyledons: Cannaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae.Prepare dichotomous key with the help of locally available plant species.

References:Singh V and Jain D K (2006), Taxonomy of Angiosperms (2nd edition),Datta S C (2003), Systematic Botany, New Age International L Publishers, N DelhiPandey B.P.(2004) Text Book Of Botany – Angiosperms, S Chand & C L,Singh V Pande P C and Jain D K (2003) Taxonomy of Angiosperm ,RastogiSugbramanyam N.S.(1999) Modern Plant Taxonomy, Vikas publishing House.Lawrence H M (1951) Taxonomy of Vascular Plants, Oxford Publication.Sambamurty A V S S (2005) Taxonomy of Angiosperms, I K International P L, New DelhiPandey B.P. (2005) Taxonomy of Angiosperms, S ChandA.S. Foster & E.M. Gifford Comparative Morphology of Vascular PlantsK.R. SporneThe Morphology of Vascular PlantsR.N. SutariaA Text Book of Systematic BotanyY.D. Tyagi & S.KshetrapalAn Introduction to Taxonomy of AngiospermsP.C. VashishtaTaxonomy of Angiosperms.

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HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH G UJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANUnder CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern


CC-BOT-322 (Biochemistry and Plant Physiology)Theory teaching hours:3 Hours/week Credit: 3.0Practical teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit:1.5

Unit-I :: Biochemistry Lipids: Beta-Oxidation of Fatty acid: Activation of Fatty acid, R eaction of Fatty acid. Bio-

synthesis of Fatty acid: Acetyl Co-A transport, Production of Malonyl Co -A, The Priming Phaseand Elongation Phase.

Vitamins: Definition, types and significance. Water soluble vitamins: their functions anddeficiency disease. Fat soluble vitamins: their functions and deficiency disease.

Enzymes: Definition, Nomenclature and Classification, Isoenzymes, Properties of Enzymes,Factors influencing action of Enzymes.

PRACTICALSMajor Experiments: To determine the effect of different concentration of substrate on enzyme amylase. To determine the effect of concentration of enzyme amylase on substrate.Minor Experiments: Estimation of Free Fatty acids from fat/oil by titration method.Demonstration Experiment: Demonstration of respirator y enzymes in plant tissues: Polyphenol oxidase, Dehydrogenase.Study of deficiency diseases through charts/photographs.

References:Deb A C (2008) Fundamentals of Biochemistry , New Central Book (P) Ltd., Kolkata(9 thEdition Revised).Jain J L, Jain Sanjaya and Jain Nitin (2005) Fundamentals of Biochemistry , S Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi(6 th Revised

Edition).

Unit-II :: Plant Physiology-I Translocation of Food in Plants: Phloem sap composition, Mechanism of Phloem transport:

Pressure-driven Flow, Factors affecting Translocation, Photosynthesis-I: Light Reaction: Introduction, Hill reaction, Plant pigments, Light as a

biological agent, Mechanism of Light absorption and emission, Light harvesting and transfer ofEnergy, Photosynthetic Unit, Red drop and Emerson Enhancement effect, Photosystem I and II.Photo-phosphorylation: Non-cyclic electron flow and Photo -phosphorylation, Cyclic electronflow and Photo-phosphorylation,

Photosynthesis-II: Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis: C 3 Photosynthetic cycle, C4 Photosyntheticcycle, Anatomical characteristics of C 4 Plants, Significance of C4 Cycle, Crassulacean AcidMetabolism (CAM), Significance of CAM, Relationship between C 4 and CAM.

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Unit-III :: Plant Physiology-II Respiration: Introduction, Glycolysi s, Fermentation, Citric Acid Cycle, Oxidative

Phosphorylation, Respiratory Quotient, Energy yield of Aerobic respiration. Photoperiodism: Definition, critical day length and types of plants [i.e., SDPs, LDPs and Day

neutral Plants] and importance of both d ark and light periods.Florigen concept and Vernalization. Seed Dormancy: Definition, causes of seed dormancy and measures to break seed dormancy. Physiological role of Phytohormones i.e., Auxins, Giberellins, Cytokinins, Abscisic acid and

Ethylene.

PRACTICALSPhysiological Experiments to be performed by students.

Major experiments:o To isolate Plant pigments by solvent extraction method using separating funnel.o To determine Respiratory Quotient (RQ, i.e., CO2/O2) using Ganong’s Respirometer.o To determine rate of Photosynthesis under varying CO2 concentration.o To determine rate of Photosynthesis under different wavelengths of light.o To determine rate of Photosynthesis under various intensity of light.

Minor experiments:o To show the process of Photosynthes is by Simple glass appararus/Wilmott’s Bubbler.o To separate Plant pigments using Paper Chromatography.

Physiological Experiments to be demonstrated to the students. To demonstrate alcoholic fermentation using Kuhne’s tube. To demonstrate light is essential using Ganong’s light screen. To demonstrate CO2 is essential using Moll’s half -leaf experiment. To demonstrate food translocation by phloem through ringing experiment. To demonstrateHill’s reaction.

References:Mukherji S and Ghosh A K (2005) Plant Physiology, New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd., Kolkata(1 st Central Edition).Devlin Robert M and Witham Francis H (1986) Plant Physiology, CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi(4 th Edition/ 1st IndianEdition).

Gill P S ( ), Plant Physiology (1st edition)Ross Salisbury ( ), Plant Physiology (4th edition)Srivastava H S (2004), Plant Physiology (2nd edition)Sundara Rajan S ( ), Plant Physiology ( edition),Sornathai Annie, Rajakumar K, Jayakumar M and Rajarathinam K ( ), Plant Physiology ( edition),Verma S K and Verma Mohit ( ), Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology ( ),Verma V ( ), A Text Book of Plant Physiology ( ), Emkay Publication, New Delhi.Sundara Rajan S (2001), Practical Manual of Plant Ecology and Plant Physiology (1st edition),Jain V.K.,Fundamentals of Plant PhysiologyPandey S.N. and B.K. Sinha, Plant PhysiologyVerma P.S. and P.K. Agarwal,Plant Physiology

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CC-BOT-323 (Economic Botany, Plant Tissue Culture & Biotechnology and Genetics&Plant Ecology)Theory teaching hours:3 Hours/week Credit: 3.0Practical teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit:1.5

Unit-I :: Economic Botany Introduction, cultivation, scientific name, family, useful pa rt(s), chemical constituents and

economic importance of the following plants:o Oil seeds: Ground nut, Mustard, Sunflower.o Fibres: Cotton, Jute.o Medicinal Plants:Root: Ashwagandha. Underground stem: Turmeric. Leaf: Ardusi.

Fruit: Amla. Seed: Isabgul.o Dyes: Henna, Kesudoo Wood: Timber: Teak and Fire wood: Baval.

PRACTICALSGive scientific name, family, useful part(s), chemical constituents and economic importance of given plants.

Oil seeds: Ground nut, Mustard, Sunflower. Fibers: Cotton, Jute. Root: Ashwagandha,Undergroundstem: Turmeric, Leaf: Ardusi, Fruit: Amla, Seed: Isabgul Dyes: Henna, Kesudo Timber: Teak. Fire wood: Baval.

References:Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (1998) Anatomy of Seed Plants , Rastogi Publications, Meerut(1 st Edition’s Reprint).Pandey B P (1997) Plant Anatomy, S Chand & Co. Ltd, New Delhi. (1 st Edition’s Reprint).E John Jothi Prakash (2000) A Text Book of Plant Anatomy , Emkay Publications, Delhi. (2 nd Revised Edition).Tayal M S (2001) Plant Anatomy, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(5th Edition’s Reprint).

Unit-II :: Plant Tissue Culture & Biotechnology Plant Tissue Culture-I: Nutrition medium: Media composition -Inorganic nutrients, Carbon and

energy source, Vitamins, Growth regulators, Organic supplements, Gelling age nts and pH.Sterilization Techniques: Steam sterilization, Dry sterilization and Chemical sterilization ofexplants.

Plant Tissue Culture-II: Types of Culture: Embryo culture, Callus culture and Meristem culture. Recombination DNA Technology: Gene cloning -I: Basic events in gene cloning, Enzymes for

cutting-Restriction Endo-Nuclease-II, Enzymes for joining- DNA ligase, DNA-modifyingenzymes-Kinase, Alkaline Phosphatase, DNA Polymerase and Terminal transferase. Linkers andadaptors.

Recombination DNA Technology: Gene cloning-II: Features of vector, Vectors: Plasmids -pBR322, Cosmids and Bacteriophage -Lemda.

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PRACTICALS Prepare Nutrition Media for Embryo culture, Callus culture and Meristem culture. Learn various sterilization techniques required for expl ants and media. Study of various vectors through charts/diagrams, etc.

References:Chawla H S (2002) Introduction to Plant Biotechnology , Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi(2 nd Edition).

Unit-III :: Genetics & Plant Ecology Genetics

o Sex Determination and Sex Linkage: Chromosome Theory: Sex -chromosomes andAutosomes, Types of chromosomal mechanisms of Sex -determination. Sex-linkage:Sex-linked inheritance in Drosophila, Sex -linked inheritance in Man, Sex-influenced andsex-limited genes.

o Maternal Effects and Cytoplasmic Heredity: Maternal effect. Cytoplasmic Inheritance:Plastid inheritance in Mirabilis jalapa and male sterility in corn (Zea mays), Respiratorydeficiencies.

Plant Ecologyo Energy Flow in the Ecosystems: Single channel Energy model and Y-shaped Energy

Flow Model. Bio-geo Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen and water cycles.o Production Ecology: Productivity: Definition, Primary Productivity -GPP and NPP,

Measurement of Primary Productivity -Harvest method, Leaf Area Index method a ndChlorophyll estimation method. Secondary Productivity.

PRACTICALS Study of sex determination, sex linkage, cytoplasmic inheritance through chart/diagram/photographs. Solve Genetical problems as per theory syllabus. To measure the Primary productivity a s per theory syllabus. Study of energy models and bio-geo chemical cycles through chart/diagram/photographs. Calculation of leaf area index. To determine above and below ground Biomass by monolith (25cm x25cm x30cm) method.

Refereances:Sambamurty ( ), Genetics (2nd edition),Rastogi Veer Bala ( ) A Text Book of Genetics (9th edition)Gupta P K (2009 ), Genetics (3rd edition),Gupta P K (2007 ), Genetics-classical to modern (1st edition)Sharma P D (2003) Ecology and Environment , Rastogi Publications, Meerut. (7th Edition’s Reprint).Agrawal K C (2001) Fundamentals of Environmental Bio logy, Nidhi Publishers (India), Bikaner. (1 st Edition).Subrahmanyam N S and Sambamurty A V S S (2000) Ecology, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi. (1 st Edition).Kormondy E J (2002) Concept of Ecology, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt Ltd., New Delhi(12 th Indian Edition Reprint).Patel B C (2012) Human Genetics (Manav Janinvignan-in Gujarati) Gujarat Vishvakosh Trust, Ahmedabad -380 013 (1st

edition).

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CC-BOT-324 (Plant Anatomy and Plant Breeding)Theory teaching hours:3 Hours/week Credit: 3.0Practical teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit:1.5

Unit-I :: Plant Anatomy Root-Stem Transition: Definition and Types. Anatomy of Special organs: Epiphytic root -Orchid

and Aerial/Stilt root-Banyan. Anatomy in relation to Taxonomy: Trichomes, Stomata, Epidermis, Internal structure of Leaf,

Petiole and Node. Methods in Plant Anatomy: Collection of Material, Fixation and Pres ervation, Dehydration,

Infiltration, Embedding and Block making.Sectioning with Microtome, Stains, Staining andMounting.

Anomalous Secondary Growth: Stem - Boerhaavia, Achyranthes, Dracaena. Root- Ipomoeabatatas.

PRACTICALS To study the Anomalous Secondary Growth in stems of Boerhaavia, Achyranthes, Dracaena and root of

Ipomoea batatas. To study the Anatomy of Orchid Root (Epiphyte) and Aerial/Stilt Root of Banyan. Any 3/more examples which are helpful in Taxonomy of each organ viz., Trichome, Stomata, Epidermis,

Node from Plant specimens of allied genera or family. Paraffine Block making with Microtomy Technique of any plant material mentioned in Theory syllabus. Use of Appropriate Double staining Technique applied for sections embedded in Paraffine Rib bon or hand

sections of fresh material as per theory syllabus .

References:Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (1998) Anatomy of Seed Plants , Rastogi Publications, Meerut(1 st Edition’s Reprint).Pandey B P (1997) Plant Anatomy, S Chand & Co. Ltd, New Delhi. (1st Edition’s Reprint).E John Jothi Prakash (2000) A Text Book of Plant Anatomy , Emkay Publications, Delhi. (2 nd Revised Edition).Tayal M S (2001) Plant Anatomy, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(5 th Edition’s Reprint).

Unit-II :: Plant Breeding-I Introduction: Definition, Origin and evolution of Crop plants: Centres of Origin and Patterns of

Evolution. Origin of Crop Plants: Origin of Rice, Wheat, Cotton. Scope and Objectives of PlantBreeding.

Artificial Vegetative Reproduction: Cutting, Layering, Gra fting, Budding, Potting and re-potting.Sexual Reproduction: Apomixis-apospory and apogamy, Significance of Apomixis.

Selection in Self-pollinated crops: The Pure-line selection - Purpose, Procedure, Merits andDemerits and Achievements. Mass selection -Purpose, Procedure, Merits and Demerits andAchievements. Comparison between Pure line selection and Mass selection.

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Unit-III :: Plant Breeding-II Breeding Methods: Hybridization: Purpose and General Technique -Choise of Parents, Crossing

Schedule, Emasculation and Bagging, Tagging, Pollination, Harvesting and Storing F1 seeds,Raising F1 generation, Selfing, Consequences of hybridization.

Breeding Methods: Methods in Hybridization: Methods in Self -pollinated crop-Pedigree method:Procedure, and Merits and Demerits and Achievements. Bulk method -Procedure, Merits andDemerits and Achievements. Comparison between Bulk and Pedigree method.

Hybrid vigour (Heterosis): Definition, its various effects, Causes: Dominance hypothesis andover dominance hypothesis, Achievements, Utilization and limitations.

PRACTICALS Preparation of male flowers for hybridization. Preparation of female flowers for hybridization. Describe the horticulture techniques: Cutting, Layering, Grafting, Budding, Potting and re -potting. Study of different methods of plant breeding through Charts/Models/Photographs/Specimens/Herbarium

sheet. Make a modern new world species from old X new variety breeding with chromosome numbers.

References:Kar Dipak Kumar and Halder Soma (2006) Plant Breeding and Biometry , New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. Kolkata(1 st

Edition).Singh B D (2001) Plant Breeding-Principles and Methods , Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana(1st Edition’s Reprint).

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Seat No._____________

Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, PatanUnder CBCS-Semester-Grading patternB.Sc. (Semester-VI) Programme Practical Examination, April/May-20Botany Practical - PC-BOT-321[Molecular Biology, Plant Pathology, Angiosperm Families and Biochemistry ]

[In force from December 2013]Date: / /20 Place:Time: 5 Hours] [Maximum Marks: 65


1. Refer to the given specimens A, B and C to their respective families giving

reasons including floral formula and floral diagram. 18

2. Perform the Biochemical experiment D assigned to you. Tabulate your

observations and result. Draw graph if necessary. Show your result and conclusion

to the examiner. 10

3. Expose the Pathogen from the given plant material E and prepare temporary slide.

Make a labeled diagram and show your preparation to the examiner. 7

4. Identify and describe peculiarities seen in slide/specimen F. 6

5. Identify and describe peculiarities seen in spot G and H. 14


(b) Journal 3

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Seat No._____________

Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, PatanUnder CBCS-Semester-Grading patternB.Sc. (Semester-VI) Programme Practical Examination, April/May-20Botany Practical - PC-BOT-322[Plant Physiology and Plant Breeding ]



1. Perform the Physiological experiment A assigned to you. Tabulate your

observations and result. Draw graph if necessary. Show your res ult and conclusion

to the examiner. 14

2. Perform the Physiological experiment B assigned to you. Tabulate your

Observations and result. Draw graph if necessary. Show your result and

Conclusion to the examiner. 10

3. Prepare Male flower and Female flower through proper technique of hybridization

from the given material D and E, show your preparation to the examiner. 8

4. Perform _____________ horticulture technique F assigned to you, and explain

your result to the examiner. 8

5. Comment upon spot G, H and I. 15


(b) Journal 3

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Seat No._____________

Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, PatanUnder CBCS-Semester-Grading patternB.Sc. (Semester-VI) Programme Practical Examination, April/May-20Botany Practical - PC-BOT-323[Genetics & Plant Ecology, Plant Anatomy, Economic Botany and Plant Tissue Culture & Biotechnology ]



1. Show ………………………from plant material A, stains if necessary with

appropriate staining. Draw labeled diagram and show your preparation to the

examiner. 6

2. Make temporary double stained preparation of Anomalous Secondary Growth

from the given material B. Draw a labeled diagram and show your preparation to

the examiner. 10

3. Solve and conclude the Genetical problems as per given slip. 8

C…………………………………………………….

4. Identify and give scientific name, family and economic importance of specimens

D and E. 12

5. Prepare the nutrition medium required and precautions to be taken for

embryo/callus/meristem culture in the laboratory. 8

OR

Determine above/below ground biomass by monolith method OR Calculate Leaf

Area Index.

6. Comment upon spot F, G, H and I. 16


(b) Journal 3

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B.Sc. (Semester-VI) ProgrammeElective Subjective Course in BOTANY

ES-BOT-301(Pharmacognosy of Herbal Drugs)Theory teaching hours: 2 Hours/week Credit: 2.0

Unit-I Pharmacognosy Introduction to Pharmacognosy: Definition, history and scope of Phrmacognosy. Sources and classification of drugs: Natural sources: Higher plants, Microbes, Marine

and Mineral sources. Classification (only outline): Alphabetical, Morphological,Taxonomical, Chemical and Pharmacological.

Alkaloids: Introduction, properties, classification and Pharmaceutical applications, Roleof alkaloids in Plants.

Pharmacognostical scheme for studying a drug. Systematic Pharmacognostic study of thefollowing plants containing alkaloids (Botanical name, family, chemical composition anduses):

o Sarpagandha (root),o Barmasi (leaf/whole plant) ando Ephedra (stem).

Unit-II Pharmacological study of herbal drugs Need for Phyto-pharmacological evaluation Evaluation of anti diabetic agents Evaluation of anti microbial agents Evaluation of anti diarrheal agents

ReferencesShah C S and Qadry J S(2005),A Text Book Of Pharmacognosy, B S Shah Prakashan, Amdavad.Mohammed Ali(2008),Text Book Of Pharmacognosy (2nd edition),CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.Handa S S and Kapoor V K(2008), Text Book Of Pharmacognosy (5th edition),Vallabh Prakashan,New Delhi.Rangari V D(2004), Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry , Career Publications, Nashik.Ansari S H(2006), Essentials of Pharmacognosy , Birla Publications Pvt. Ltd., Delhi.Kokate C K, Purohit A P and Gokhale S B(2008), Pharmacognosy (42nd edition), Nirali Prakashan, Pune.Khandelwal K R (2008), Practical Pharmacognosy – Techniques & Experiments (19 th edition), Nirali Prakashan,

Pune.Kokate C K(2005), Practical Pharmacognosy (4th edition),Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi.

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HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANUnder CBCS-Semester-Grading patternB.Sc. (Semester-V &VI) Programme

Elective Subjective Course in BOTANYES-BOT-302 (Fresh Water Ecology)


Unit-I Definitions: Freshwater, Limnology, Lakes, Ponds, Benthos, Bogs, Marshes and

Swamps. Properties of freshwater: Physio-chemical characteristic, Factors affecting to fresh water

ecosystem: abiotic and biotic (Light, Temperature, Vegetation, etc.). Types of Freshwater Ecosystem/Clasification of Freshwater Habitat - Lentic ecosystems

(still water) and lotic ecosystems (flowing water). Structure of lake (Freshwater Zonation). Aquatic biodiversity (Freshwater only): Aquatic

flora (Algae, fresher plants).

Unit-II Aquatic food web and food pyramids, primary productivity. Aquatic ecosystem: goods

and services. Energy flow in freshwater ecosystem. Threats to aquatic ecosystem and remediation: Eutrophication, Acidification, Pollution. Global issues and legislation for conservation and management of aquatic systems.

References:Brown L. (1971). Ecology of Fresh Water. Heinemann Educational Books Ltd, London.Gopal, B, and Bhardwaj, N. (1979). Elements of ecology. Vikash Publishing House Pvt Ltd., New Delhi.Shrma P. D. (7 th Eedition - Reprint 2003). Ecology and Environment. Rastogi Publications, Meerut.Eugene P. Odum (1971). Fundamentals of Ecology. Toppan Company, Japan.

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HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANUnder CBCS-Semester-Grading patternB.Sc. (Semester-V &VI) Programme

Elective Subjective Course in BOTANYES-BOT-303 (Air Pollution)


Unit-I Define: Pollution (416) and pollutants (417). Various principal environmental pollutants

with examples (416, 417). Kinds of pollutants: Non-degradable (418) and Bio-degradable(418).

Air Pollution: Introduction (418), Air quality (419), sources and pollutants: IndustrialChimany wastes (419), Thermal power station (419) and Automobile (420 -421).

Carbon Compounds: Carbon dioxide (423), Carbon monoxide (425). Sulphur compound: Sulphur dioxide (426), Hydrogen sulphide (428).

Unit-II Nitrogen oxides: Nitrogen oxide, Nitric oxide and Nitrogen dioxide (428 -429). Fluorocarbons (434) and Hydrocarbons (435). Metals (435) a nd Photo-chemicals

products (436). Prevention and control of air pollution (444 -452). Green House Effect (423), Global Warming (425), Ozone -depletion (432), and Acid rain

(429).

References:Shrma P. D. (7 th Eedition - Reprint 2003). Ecology and Environ ment. Rastogi Publications, Meerut.

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