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- 1 - Faculty of Organisation and Management BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Management Title How does Ocean Park increase its teenaged customer repeated visits through organizing special events. Name Kwan Miu Yin Student No 91203334 Month Year April 2009

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Page 1: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 1 -

Faculty of Organisation and Management

BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Management

Title How does Ocean Park increase its teenaged customer repeated visits

through organizing special events

Name Kwan Miu Yin

Student No 91203334

Month Year April 2009

- 2 -

Sheffield Hallam University

Faculty of Organisation and Management

Title How does Ocean Park increase its teenaged customer repeated visits

through organizing special events

Name Kwan Miu Yin

Student No 91203334

Supervisor Dorothy Tsui

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in

Hospitality Business Management

Month Year April 2009

- 3 -

Acknowledgements

There are express the acknowledgements to this dissertation supervisor Ms Dorothy Tsui

the attentive patient and support to helped to finish this study particularly for teaching the

detail to use the Statistical Packages for the Social Science (SPSS) I would like to

acknowledge the classmatersquos support and share the knowledge and all respondents help to

make the study complete Finally I appreciate Ms Tsui and classmate patience and

encouragement to finish this study

- 4 -

Abstract

ldquoCustomer Loyalty is two major approaches for evaluate loyalty the behavioural

approach and the cognitive approach The traditional behavioural approach includes such

measures as large proportion of purchase purchase sequence and probability of

purchase The customer loyalty construct in this study refers to two components

repurchase behaviour and loyalty consequences (Dick and Basu 1994 cited in

Prasarnphanich 2007)Attitude toward a brand is a determinant of repeat purchases

which in turn results in several loyalty consequences (positive word-of-mouth search

motivation and resistance to counter persuasion)rdquo (Prasarnphanich 2007 p232)

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

- 5 -

Contents

Acknowledgements 03

Abstract 04

Contents 05

List of figures 07

List of table 08

Chapter 1 ndash Introduction

11 Background

111 Objective

12 Background of Ocean Park

09

09

10

11

Chapter 2 ndash Literature Review

21Consumer Behavior

211 Customer Loyalty

2111 How to Get Repeat Customers 7 steps

2112 Relationships between Trust Commitment and Customer Loyalty

2113Repeat visitors are importance

212 Motivation

2121 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

2123 Push and Pull Factors

22 Special Event

221 Theory of Special Event

222 Timing

223 Promotion

23 Theme Park

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

2431 Size

2432 Education

2433 Sex

13

13

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

20

21

21

22

24

25

25

25

27

27

27

28

- 6 -

Chapter 3 ndash Methodology

31 Secondary Research

32 Primary Research

321 Research Design

322 Quantitative Models

323 Pilot Test

324 Quantitative Research

325 Data Collection

326 Data analysis

327 Limitation

30

30

30

31

31

31

32

34

34

35

Chapter 4 - Results

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

44 Special event attraction

441 Rank of special event

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

49 The Promotion of Special Event

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

36

36

38

39

40

42

43

44

45

47

48

49

50

51

53

54

Chapter 5 - Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

52 Recommendations

References

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

56

56

58

60

65

67

- 7 -

List of figures

Figure 211 Research Model 16

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory 18

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 26

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere 49

Finger 48 The related subject of interest 52

- 8 -

List of Tables

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population 28

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 29

Table 411 Profile of teenagers 37

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group 37

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket 39

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

40

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited 41

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

42

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo (Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

43

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested 44

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

46

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash and repeat visit

48

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge 50

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit and repeat visited because special event

51

Table 48 The related subject of interest 52

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type 53

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

55

- 9 -

Chapter 1

Introduction

11 Background

Ocean Park is one of the worlds well-known theme parks the attendance of Ocean

Park is the sixteenth of the world and the fifths at Asia (TEAERA theme park

attractions attendance report 2007) Also Ocean Park is top ten tourist

attraction in Hong Kong (Top ten tourist attraction in Hong Kong 2009)

almost all tourists will visit Ocean Park At the same time Ocean Park won top

ten landmarks of Hong Kong election that was around hundred thousand primary

school students voting to obtainrsquo result (Hkheadlinecom 2008) Children will become

teenagers so we need to respect their opinion

Word-of-mouth is very importance in the theme park industry if something make the

customer dissatisfy they will tell that everyone who know and never come back again

Although the target of Ocean Park is all age people but the special event and innovative

facilities are proceeded at the park it is difficult to get into the older generationrsquo mind and

easily to attract teenagers because teenagers can quickly accept and attempt on the new

thing Also Ocean Park designs the special event to fulfil guestrsquo wants the study showed

that the ocean park can satisfy teenagers by holding the special event and encourage them

to revisit Ocean Park Finally the study can find out the advertisement of the special event

can attract teenagers attention If the special event can increase the teenage customer revisit

the park that can helpful to plan the future strategies

111 Objective

1 To analyse reason of that target group to visit Ocean Park

- 10 -

2 To investigate the advertisement of the special event can attract them

3 To study that target group think about Ocean Parkrsquos strategies vs their response

(really visit Ocean Park repeatedly because the special event)

12 Background of Ocean Park

Ocean Park integrates conservation education and entertainment into a unique guest

experiences They are committed to making a difference in conservation of the natural

environment Ocean Parkrsquo land granted by government and there was build donations from

The Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club and opened on 1977before opened Ocean Park

working capital was come from admission and Jockey Club support due to admission was

very low most of time were lose money in business On 1987 the government pass

through ldquoOcean Park Bylawrdquo from Jockey Club appropriate funds (two hundred million

Hong Kong dollars) to establish trust fund and Ocean Park can separated from Jockey

Club and became a non-profit organisation and to assume sole responsibility for its profits

or losses

Ocean Park is separate to two parts which is Lowland and Headland They are connect

with the cable car to each other Lowland have the ldquoKidrsquo Worldrdquo ndash lsquoDolphin Universityrsquo

and lsquoWhiskers Theatrersquo are teach children about the dolphin and sea lion et cetera and the

children can try low exciting rides in lsquoRides for Kidrsquo Also there are ldquoLowland Gardensrdquo ndash

lsquoSky Fairrsquo is the new attraction and lsquoPanda Habitatrsquo has a pair member living there who is

Le Le and Ying Ying but other attractions of ldquoLowland Gardensrdquo are closed because the

redevelopment plan is operated

On the other hand Headland including ldquoMarina landrdquo ldquoHeadlands Ridesrdquo and ldquoAdventure

Landrdquo ldquoMarina landrdquo have many marina creature are showed In lsquoAtoll Reefrsquo more than

- 11 -

1500 fishes including sharks stingray deep-sea fishes and tropical fishes lsquoSea Jelly

Spectacularrsquo has more than a hundred sea jellies of any size and shape different colour of

lighting music special effects to enhance the guestrsquo experience Dolphins and sea lions

will perform the show in lsquoOcean Theatrersquo Ocean Park also has the exciting rides in

ldquoHeadlands Ridesrdquo and ldquoAdventure Landrdquo to offer the rides to the guest to play Roller

coasters have lsquoThe Dragonrsquo and lsquoMine Trainrsquo latest exciting ride is lsquoThe Abyss Turbo

Droprsquo guest can straight down in free fall Design seems pirate shiprsquos lsquoCrazy Galleonrsquo can

swing about seventy-five degree to quite a swell Also there are other attractions are very

stimulating lsquoOcean Park Escalatorrsquo is connecting ldquoAdventure Landrdquo and other entrances -

Tai Shue Wan Entrances which is the worlds second longest outdoor escalator

Due to Ocean Park are established over thirty years there are cannot lackrsquo landmark

(Ofwhk 2007) Ocean Park is deemed a ldquomust-seerdquo attraction to the tourist and everyone

from Hong Kong has a great Ocean Park memory In the value-added programmes and the

strategic timing of the Ocean Park ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual events became major drivers towards

their record-topping which is Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta Animal Month in Easter

Summer Splash in summer Ocean Park Halloween Bash in October and Christmas

Sensation in December

Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta ndash provide the wonderful celebrate program to make the

guest affected by fully traditions atmosphere and enjoy a variety and happy festivities

Easterrsquos Animal Month ndash Ocean Park had innovate unforgettable interesting and

instructive program to touch with the natural and rare animals they can learn how to care

for an animals

Summer Splash in summer ndash to join the stimulation movementrsquo Summer Splash the guest

can enjoy a variety of novel interaction water game and performance

- 12 -

Ocean Park Halloween Bash ndash Ocean Park brought the guest into the scare project

including diversiform Haunted Houses sense organs indistinct world and many witch

mummies vampires and devil suddenly appear in front of them and pumpkin spiders

skeletons adornment around there to frightened the guest

Christmas Sensation in December ndash coveted and unique white Christmas were emerge

from Ocean Park there were provide ice-skating performance Santa Claus and Christmas

tree available to take a photo

Most of event a host near a Tai Shue Wan Entrances because there are a big place can

build diversiform building and easy to control the guest flow

Before they succeeded to confront Hong Kong Disneyland are opened Tung Chee Hwa -

first elected Chief Executive of Hong Kong was invite ldquoFather of Lan Kwai Fongrdquo - Allan

Zeman to become a chairman of Ocean Park exploit his experience to increase Ocean

Parkrsquo competitiveness Allan Zeman announce that Ocean Park are proceed to renew

project including build three hotels entertainment facilities will increase to seventy and

introduced variety animal The new Ocean Park will separate two main areas would be

renamed ldquoThe Waterfrontrdquo (Lowland) and ldquoThe Summitrdquo (Headland)

- 13 -

Chapter 2

Literature Review

This study is investigate the teenagers customer repeated visits Ocean Park because the

special event

21 Consumer Behavior

The study of consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend

their available resources (time money effort) on consumption-related items (Schiffman

and Kanuk 1997 cited in Abdallat 2007) Consumer behavior is a study of the processes

involved when individuals or groups select purchase use or dispose of products

services ideas or experiences to satisfy needs and desires (ABDALLAT 2007)

211 Customer Loyalty

Griffin (2002) has identified two dovetailing events have dramatically expanded how

companies pursue customer loyalty First of all the widespread use of the Internet has

changed the relationship between customer expectations of construction work No longer

is marketing and sales information simply pushed toward the customer Now a company

must also allow customer to pull the marketing information they want when they want it

and complete the purchase process on their terms Second technology breakthroughs

especially in the area of knowledge management offer new and innovative ways to

nature customer relationships Present companyrsquos ability to prosper depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points ability to thrive depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points of customer contact e-mail

telephone fax websitehellip

- 14 -

2111 How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps

Wuorio (2007) identifies it is important to understand how to build a base of

customers who return to your business time and again The following were seven ideas

and strategies to consider

1 Repeat customers cost less than new ones Its less expensive to bring existing

customers back than to attract new ones Consider the expense of advertising

marketing media and other tools necessary to lure new customers Also getting a new

customers attention can often be a matter of timing

2 Repeat customers are walking billboards If a customer comes back to your

business chances are quite good that the customer liked what they saw the first time

around And there are the opportunities they going to spread the wordmdashpublicity that

comes free of charge to you

3 To build repeat customers be consistent A solid base of repeat customers might

seem little more than a matter of providing excellent service or products But

excellence cannot be a hit or miss propositionmdashrepeat customers return because their

experience is consistently solid

4 Hire the right people Since your employees are on the front lines their demeanor

and interaction with clients can cement relationships that bring customers back to your

business

5 Know your customers well Its hard to build repeat business if you dont know what

your customers value

- 15 -

6 Keep it personal A repeat customer what is someone you need to know Nurture

that by keeping your relationship as personal as possible Such as get to know

customers the name

7 Stay in contact Through customersrsquo blog newsletter or some other vehicle that

affords ongoing communication to encourage repeat business by keep in touch

2112 Relationships between Trust Commitment and Customer Loyalty

The proposed research model is underlying hypothesized relationships among trust

commitment and customer loyalty (Figure 211)

ldquoTrust is the goodwill to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence

(Moorman and Zaltman 1993 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007) Commitment is defined

asldquoan enduring desire to maintain a valued relationshiprdquo (Moorman et al 1992 cited

in Prasarnphanich 2007) ldquoCustomer Loyalty is two major approaches for evaluate

loyalty the behavioral approach and the cognitive approach The traditional

behavioral approach includes such measures as large proportion of purchase purchase

sequence and probability of purchase The customer loyalty construct in this study

refers to two components repurchase behavior and loyalty consequences (Dick and

Basu 1994 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007)Attitude toward a brand is a determinant of

repeat purchases which in turn results in several loyalty consequences (positive

word-of-mouth search motivation and resistance to counter persuasion)rdquo

(Prasarnphanich 2007 p232)

- 16 -

Figure 211 Research Model (Prasarnphanich 2007)

2113Repeat visitors are importance

REED (2007) believes if noticing that the majority of your users are first time-visitors

and then may be doing something wrong A successful company will have a large

number of repeat visitors or people that know about your site and wish to return on a

regular basis If people are visiting and not returning these need to turn things around

if want the company to succeed

Always consider repeat visitors the foundation of the company Once these have a

good number of repeat visitors and it have something to build on ndash the company can

continue to work on attracting new members now confident that these have a

community people want to return to time and time again

- 17 -

212 Motivation

2121 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory

In 1954 Maslow first published Motivation and Personality which introduced his

theory about how people satisfy various personal needs in the context of their work

Gawel (1997) state that Maslow postulated based on his observations as a humanistic

psychologist there is a general pattern of needs recognition and satisfaction that

people follow in generally the same sequence He also theorized that a person could

not recognize or pursue the next higher need in the hierarchy until her or his currently

recognized need was substantially or completely satisfied a concept called

prepotency

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe Maslowrsquos was a psychologist who proposed that

within every person is a hierarchy of five needs

1 Physiological needs Food drink shelter sex and physical requirements

2 Safety needs Security and protection from physical and emotional harm as well

as assurance that physical needs will continue to be met

3 Social needs Affection belongingness acceptance and friendship

4 Esteem needs Internal esteem factors such as self-respect autonomy and

achievement and external esteem factors such as status recognition and attention

5 Self-actualization needs Growth achieving onersquos potential and self-fulfillment

the drive to become what one is capable of becoming

- 18 -

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe that the theory proposed that although no need is

ever fully satisfied a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates an individual to

satisfy that need Therefore understand what need level that person is on in the

hierarchy and focus on satisfying needs at or above that level can motivate them

In addition Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower levels

Physiological and safety needs were considered lower-order needs social esteem and

self-actualization were considered higher-order needs The difference was that

higher-order needs are satisfy internally while lower-order needs are predominantly

satisfied externally (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

- 19 -

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

Howard and Sheth (1969) proposed that the core of model is explained the purchase

behavior of the ldquobrandrdquo and not to fuss about the frequency and quantity of purchase

The point is the consumer buying behavior there are some factors to consider which is

ldquoinputsrdquo ldquoPerceptual Constructs and Learning Constructsrdquo and ldquoOutputrdquo (MBA lib

2009)

Abdallat and Ng et al (2007) both believe Howard-Sheth Model explains the

consumers choose the brand behavior and through the study of consumer buying

behavior there are three type of purchase decision making

The first level describes the extensive problem solving At this level the consumer does

not have any basic information or knowledge about the specific brand and he does not

have any preferences for any product In this situation the consumer will seek

information about all the different brands in the market and use more time before

purchasing

The second level is limited problem solving This situation exists for consumers who

have little knowledge about the market or limited knowledge about what they want to

purchase For arrive at a brand preference some comparative brand information is

searched

The third level is a habitual response behavior In this level the consumer knows very

well about the different brands and he can differentiate between the different

characteristics of each product they would not collect the information and evaluation

other brand and he already decides to purchase a particular product According to the

Howard-Sheth model there are four major sets of variables which is Input Perceptual

- 20 -

and Learning Constructs Outputs and Exogenous (External) variables (Abdallat and

Ng et al 2007)

2123 Push and Pull Factors

The lsquolsquoPushndashPullrsquorsquo framework has been utilised by a number of studies to assess the

range of attributes that motivate the desire to go on holiday and the destination choice

Push factors are socialndashpsychological factors that motivate the individual to travel and

the pull factors are qualities of destinations that attract the tourist such as

infrastructure or cultural attractions Of the ten lsquolsquoPushndash Pullrsquorsquo studies reviewed by

Klenosky (2002 cited in Hamilton Maddison and Tola 2004) none explicitly

included origin climate or destination climate as push and pull factors respectively

Nevertheless in his study lsquolsquowarm climatersquorsquo appears as a pull factor and was found to

be important for those interested in relaxing and in getting a suntan However climate

did not make it into the seven most important factors from a group of 53 pull factors

selected using factor analysis by Yuan and MacDonald (1990 cited in Hamilton

Maddison and Tola 2004)

22 Special Event

Events can be classified according to the kinds of activity on which they are based Most

are classified as based on sport the art other entertainments the heritage or food and

drink Events can also be grouped according to their size usually measured by the number

of people who attend (Roberts 2004)

- 21 -

221 Theory of Special Event

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

222 Timing

The planning period is typically the longest period of time in the event management

process Historically this has been due to disorganisation Disorganisation is best

characterized by frequent change resulting from substitutions additions or even

deletions due to poor research and design (Goldblatt 2005)

ldquoThe first question that many event managers ask the clients is When would you like to

schedule the event The answer to that question tells you how much time you have to

prepare Often that timetable may seem incredibly short

The length of time available for planning and for planning and for actual production will

dramatically affect the cost and sometimes the success of the event Equally important

as you discovered earlier is how you use your time The Greek philosopher

- 22 -

Theophrastus said ldquoTime is the most valuable thing a human can spendrdquo (Goldblatt

2002 p50) Allocate the billable time to follow the five phases of the event process

research design planning coordination and evaluation By paying careful attention to

the research and design phase you will be able to budget the time more precisely This is

particularly true for the event itself Planning the time of an event is as important as

managing your planning time (Goldblatt 2005)

223 Promotion

Goldblatt (2005) believe the best-quality event product but unless it have a strategic

plan for promoting this product it will remain the best kept secret in the world Even

large such as Olympic Game requires well-developed promotion strategies to achieve

the success they require

The promotion strategy to identify for the event requires a careful study of past or

comparable efforts expert guidance from people who have specific expertise in this field

and most important setting benchmarks for specific measurement of the individual

promotion activities

ldquoThere are a variety of ways to measure promotion efforts First you may measure

awareness by your target market Anticipation of the event may be tantamount to

ultimate participation Next you many measure actual attendance and the resulting

investment Finally you may measure the post event attitude of the event promotional

activityrdquo (Goldblatt 2005 p254)

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 2: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 2 -

Sheffield Hallam University

Faculty of Organisation and Management

Title How does Ocean Park increase its teenaged customer repeated visits

through organizing special events

Name Kwan Miu Yin

Student No 91203334

Supervisor Dorothy Tsui

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in

Hospitality Business Management

Month Year April 2009

- 3 -

Acknowledgements

There are express the acknowledgements to this dissertation supervisor Ms Dorothy Tsui

the attentive patient and support to helped to finish this study particularly for teaching the

detail to use the Statistical Packages for the Social Science (SPSS) I would like to

acknowledge the classmatersquos support and share the knowledge and all respondents help to

make the study complete Finally I appreciate Ms Tsui and classmate patience and

encouragement to finish this study

- 4 -

Abstract

ldquoCustomer Loyalty is two major approaches for evaluate loyalty the behavioural

approach and the cognitive approach The traditional behavioural approach includes such

measures as large proportion of purchase purchase sequence and probability of

purchase The customer loyalty construct in this study refers to two components

repurchase behaviour and loyalty consequences (Dick and Basu 1994 cited in

Prasarnphanich 2007)Attitude toward a brand is a determinant of repeat purchases

which in turn results in several loyalty consequences (positive word-of-mouth search

motivation and resistance to counter persuasion)rdquo (Prasarnphanich 2007 p232)

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

- 5 -

Contents

Acknowledgements 03

Abstract 04

Contents 05

List of figures 07

List of table 08

Chapter 1 ndash Introduction

11 Background

111 Objective

12 Background of Ocean Park

09

09

10

11

Chapter 2 ndash Literature Review

21Consumer Behavior

211 Customer Loyalty

2111 How to Get Repeat Customers 7 steps

2112 Relationships between Trust Commitment and Customer Loyalty

2113Repeat visitors are importance

212 Motivation

2121 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

2123 Push and Pull Factors

22 Special Event

221 Theory of Special Event

222 Timing

223 Promotion

23 Theme Park

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

2431 Size

2432 Education

2433 Sex

13

13

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

20

21

21

22

24

25

25

25

27

27

27

28

- 6 -

Chapter 3 ndash Methodology

31 Secondary Research

32 Primary Research

321 Research Design

322 Quantitative Models

323 Pilot Test

324 Quantitative Research

325 Data Collection

326 Data analysis

327 Limitation

30

30

30

31

31

31

32

34

34

35

Chapter 4 - Results

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

44 Special event attraction

441 Rank of special event

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

49 The Promotion of Special Event

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

36

36

38

39

40

42

43

44

45

47

48

49

50

51

53

54

Chapter 5 - Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

52 Recommendations

References

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

56

56

58

60

65

67

- 7 -

List of figures

Figure 211 Research Model 16

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory 18

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 26

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere 49

Finger 48 The related subject of interest 52

- 8 -

List of Tables

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population 28

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 29

Table 411 Profile of teenagers 37

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group 37

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket 39

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

40

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited 41

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

42

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo (Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

43

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested 44

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

46

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash and repeat visit

48

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge 50

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit and repeat visited because special event

51

Table 48 The related subject of interest 52

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type 53

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

55

- 9 -

Chapter 1

Introduction

11 Background

Ocean Park is one of the worlds well-known theme parks the attendance of Ocean

Park is the sixteenth of the world and the fifths at Asia (TEAERA theme park

attractions attendance report 2007) Also Ocean Park is top ten tourist

attraction in Hong Kong (Top ten tourist attraction in Hong Kong 2009)

almost all tourists will visit Ocean Park At the same time Ocean Park won top

ten landmarks of Hong Kong election that was around hundred thousand primary

school students voting to obtainrsquo result (Hkheadlinecom 2008) Children will become

teenagers so we need to respect their opinion

Word-of-mouth is very importance in the theme park industry if something make the

customer dissatisfy they will tell that everyone who know and never come back again

Although the target of Ocean Park is all age people but the special event and innovative

facilities are proceeded at the park it is difficult to get into the older generationrsquo mind and

easily to attract teenagers because teenagers can quickly accept and attempt on the new

thing Also Ocean Park designs the special event to fulfil guestrsquo wants the study showed

that the ocean park can satisfy teenagers by holding the special event and encourage them

to revisit Ocean Park Finally the study can find out the advertisement of the special event

can attract teenagers attention If the special event can increase the teenage customer revisit

the park that can helpful to plan the future strategies

111 Objective

1 To analyse reason of that target group to visit Ocean Park

- 10 -

2 To investigate the advertisement of the special event can attract them

3 To study that target group think about Ocean Parkrsquos strategies vs their response

(really visit Ocean Park repeatedly because the special event)

12 Background of Ocean Park

Ocean Park integrates conservation education and entertainment into a unique guest

experiences They are committed to making a difference in conservation of the natural

environment Ocean Parkrsquo land granted by government and there was build donations from

The Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club and opened on 1977before opened Ocean Park

working capital was come from admission and Jockey Club support due to admission was

very low most of time were lose money in business On 1987 the government pass

through ldquoOcean Park Bylawrdquo from Jockey Club appropriate funds (two hundred million

Hong Kong dollars) to establish trust fund and Ocean Park can separated from Jockey

Club and became a non-profit organisation and to assume sole responsibility for its profits

or losses

Ocean Park is separate to two parts which is Lowland and Headland They are connect

with the cable car to each other Lowland have the ldquoKidrsquo Worldrdquo ndash lsquoDolphin Universityrsquo

and lsquoWhiskers Theatrersquo are teach children about the dolphin and sea lion et cetera and the

children can try low exciting rides in lsquoRides for Kidrsquo Also there are ldquoLowland Gardensrdquo ndash

lsquoSky Fairrsquo is the new attraction and lsquoPanda Habitatrsquo has a pair member living there who is

Le Le and Ying Ying but other attractions of ldquoLowland Gardensrdquo are closed because the

redevelopment plan is operated

On the other hand Headland including ldquoMarina landrdquo ldquoHeadlands Ridesrdquo and ldquoAdventure

Landrdquo ldquoMarina landrdquo have many marina creature are showed In lsquoAtoll Reefrsquo more than

- 11 -

1500 fishes including sharks stingray deep-sea fishes and tropical fishes lsquoSea Jelly

Spectacularrsquo has more than a hundred sea jellies of any size and shape different colour of

lighting music special effects to enhance the guestrsquo experience Dolphins and sea lions

will perform the show in lsquoOcean Theatrersquo Ocean Park also has the exciting rides in

ldquoHeadlands Ridesrdquo and ldquoAdventure Landrdquo to offer the rides to the guest to play Roller

coasters have lsquoThe Dragonrsquo and lsquoMine Trainrsquo latest exciting ride is lsquoThe Abyss Turbo

Droprsquo guest can straight down in free fall Design seems pirate shiprsquos lsquoCrazy Galleonrsquo can

swing about seventy-five degree to quite a swell Also there are other attractions are very

stimulating lsquoOcean Park Escalatorrsquo is connecting ldquoAdventure Landrdquo and other entrances -

Tai Shue Wan Entrances which is the worlds second longest outdoor escalator

Due to Ocean Park are established over thirty years there are cannot lackrsquo landmark

(Ofwhk 2007) Ocean Park is deemed a ldquomust-seerdquo attraction to the tourist and everyone

from Hong Kong has a great Ocean Park memory In the value-added programmes and the

strategic timing of the Ocean Park ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual events became major drivers towards

their record-topping which is Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta Animal Month in Easter

Summer Splash in summer Ocean Park Halloween Bash in October and Christmas

Sensation in December

Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta ndash provide the wonderful celebrate program to make the

guest affected by fully traditions atmosphere and enjoy a variety and happy festivities

Easterrsquos Animal Month ndash Ocean Park had innovate unforgettable interesting and

instructive program to touch with the natural and rare animals they can learn how to care

for an animals

Summer Splash in summer ndash to join the stimulation movementrsquo Summer Splash the guest

can enjoy a variety of novel interaction water game and performance

- 12 -

Ocean Park Halloween Bash ndash Ocean Park brought the guest into the scare project

including diversiform Haunted Houses sense organs indistinct world and many witch

mummies vampires and devil suddenly appear in front of them and pumpkin spiders

skeletons adornment around there to frightened the guest

Christmas Sensation in December ndash coveted and unique white Christmas were emerge

from Ocean Park there were provide ice-skating performance Santa Claus and Christmas

tree available to take a photo

Most of event a host near a Tai Shue Wan Entrances because there are a big place can

build diversiform building and easy to control the guest flow

Before they succeeded to confront Hong Kong Disneyland are opened Tung Chee Hwa -

first elected Chief Executive of Hong Kong was invite ldquoFather of Lan Kwai Fongrdquo - Allan

Zeman to become a chairman of Ocean Park exploit his experience to increase Ocean

Parkrsquo competitiveness Allan Zeman announce that Ocean Park are proceed to renew

project including build three hotels entertainment facilities will increase to seventy and

introduced variety animal The new Ocean Park will separate two main areas would be

renamed ldquoThe Waterfrontrdquo (Lowland) and ldquoThe Summitrdquo (Headland)

- 13 -

Chapter 2

Literature Review

This study is investigate the teenagers customer repeated visits Ocean Park because the

special event

21 Consumer Behavior

The study of consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend

their available resources (time money effort) on consumption-related items (Schiffman

and Kanuk 1997 cited in Abdallat 2007) Consumer behavior is a study of the processes

involved when individuals or groups select purchase use or dispose of products

services ideas or experiences to satisfy needs and desires (ABDALLAT 2007)

211 Customer Loyalty

Griffin (2002) has identified two dovetailing events have dramatically expanded how

companies pursue customer loyalty First of all the widespread use of the Internet has

changed the relationship between customer expectations of construction work No longer

is marketing and sales information simply pushed toward the customer Now a company

must also allow customer to pull the marketing information they want when they want it

and complete the purchase process on their terms Second technology breakthroughs

especially in the area of knowledge management offer new and innovative ways to

nature customer relationships Present companyrsquos ability to prosper depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points ability to thrive depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points of customer contact e-mail

telephone fax websitehellip

- 14 -

2111 How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps

Wuorio (2007) identifies it is important to understand how to build a base of

customers who return to your business time and again The following were seven ideas

and strategies to consider

1 Repeat customers cost less than new ones Its less expensive to bring existing

customers back than to attract new ones Consider the expense of advertising

marketing media and other tools necessary to lure new customers Also getting a new

customers attention can often be a matter of timing

2 Repeat customers are walking billboards If a customer comes back to your

business chances are quite good that the customer liked what they saw the first time

around And there are the opportunities they going to spread the wordmdashpublicity that

comes free of charge to you

3 To build repeat customers be consistent A solid base of repeat customers might

seem little more than a matter of providing excellent service or products But

excellence cannot be a hit or miss propositionmdashrepeat customers return because their

experience is consistently solid

4 Hire the right people Since your employees are on the front lines their demeanor

and interaction with clients can cement relationships that bring customers back to your

business

5 Know your customers well Its hard to build repeat business if you dont know what

your customers value

- 15 -

6 Keep it personal A repeat customer what is someone you need to know Nurture

that by keeping your relationship as personal as possible Such as get to know

customers the name

7 Stay in contact Through customersrsquo blog newsletter or some other vehicle that

affords ongoing communication to encourage repeat business by keep in touch

2112 Relationships between Trust Commitment and Customer Loyalty

The proposed research model is underlying hypothesized relationships among trust

commitment and customer loyalty (Figure 211)

ldquoTrust is the goodwill to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence

(Moorman and Zaltman 1993 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007) Commitment is defined

asldquoan enduring desire to maintain a valued relationshiprdquo (Moorman et al 1992 cited

in Prasarnphanich 2007) ldquoCustomer Loyalty is two major approaches for evaluate

loyalty the behavioral approach and the cognitive approach The traditional

behavioral approach includes such measures as large proportion of purchase purchase

sequence and probability of purchase The customer loyalty construct in this study

refers to two components repurchase behavior and loyalty consequences (Dick and

Basu 1994 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007)Attitude toward a brand is a determinant of

repeat purchases which in turn results in several loyalty consequences (positive

word-of-mouth search motivation and resistance to counter persuasion)rdquo

(Prasarnphanich 2007 p232)

- 16 -

Figure 211 Research Model (Prasarnphanich 2007)

2113Repeat visitors are importance

REED (2007) believes if noticing that the majority of your users are first time-visitors

and then may be doing something wrong A successful company will have a large

number of repeat visitors or people that know about your site and wish to return on a

regular basis If people are visiting and not returning these need to turn things around

if want the company to succeed

Always consider repeat visitors the foundation of the company Once these have a

good number of repeat visitors and it have something to build on ndash the company can

continue to work on attracting new members now confident that these have a

community people want to return to time and time again

- 17 -

212 Motivation

2121 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory

In 1954 Maslow first published Motivation and Personality which introduced his

theory about how people satisfy various personal needs in the context of their work

Gawel (1997) state that Maslow postulated based on his observations as a humanistic

psychologist there is a general pattern of needs recognition and satisfaction that

people follow in generally the same sequence He also theorized that a person could

not recognize or pursue the next higher need in the hierarchy until her or his currently

recognized need was substantially or completely satisfied a concept called

prepotency

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe Maslowrsquos was a psychologist who proposed that

within every person is a hierarchy of five needs

1 Physiological needs Food drink shelter sex and physical requirements

2 Safety needs Security and protection from physical and emotional harm as well

as assurance that physical needs will continue to be met

3 Social needs Affection belongingness acceptance and friendship

4 Esteem needs Internal esteem factors such as self-respect autonomy and

achievement and external esteem factors such as status recognition and attention

5 Self-actualization needs Growth achieving onersquos potential and self-fulfillment

the drive to become what one is capable of becoming

- 18 -

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe that the theory proposed that although no need is

ever fully satisfied a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates an individual to

satisfy that need Therefore understand what need level that person is on in the

hierarchy and focus on satisfying needs at or above that level can motivate them

In addition Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower levels

Physiological and safety needs were considered lower-order needs social esteem and

self-actualization were considered higher-order needs The difference was that

higher-order needs are satisfy internally while lower-order needs are predominantly

satisfied externally (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

- 19 -

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

Howard and Sheth (1969) proposed that the core of model is explained the purchase

behavior of the ldquobrandrdquo and not to fuss about the frequency and quantity of purchase

The point is the consumer buying behavior there are some factors to consider which is

ldquoinputsrdquo ldquoPerceptual Constructs and Learning Constructsrdquo and ldquoOutputrdquo (MBA lib

2009)

Abdallat and Ng et al (2007) both believe Howard-Sheth Model explains the

consumers choose the brand behavior and through the study of consumer buying

behavior there are three type of purchase decision making

The first level describes the extensive problem solving At this level the consumer does

not have any basic information or knowledge about the specific brand and he does not

have any preferences for any product In this situation the consumer will seek

information about all the different brands in the market and use more time before

purchasing

The second level is limited problem solving This situation exists for consumers who

have little knowledge about the market or limited knowledge about what they want to

purchase For arrive at a brand preference some comparative brand information is

searched

The third level is a habitual response behavior In this level the consumer knows very

well about the different brands and he can differentiate between the different

characteristics of each product they would not collect the information and evaluation

other brand and he already decides to purchase a particular product According to the

Howard-Sheth model there are four major sets of variables which is Input Perceptual

- 20 -

and Learning Constructs Outputs and Exogenous (External) variables (Abdallat and

Ng et al 2007)

2123 Push and Pull Factors

The lsquolsquoPushndashPullrsquorsquo framework has been utilised by a number of studies to assess the

range of attributes that motivate the desire to go on holiday and the destination choice

Push factors are socialndashpsychological factors that motivate the individual to travel and

the pull factors are qualities of destinations that attract the tourist such as

infrastructure or cultural attractions Of the ten lsquolsquoPushndash Pullrsquorsquo studies reviewed by

Klenosky (2002 cited in Hamilton Maddison and Tola 2004) none explicitly

included origin climate or destination climate as push and pull factors respectively

Nevertheless in his study lsquolsquowarm climatersquorsquo appears as a pull factor and was found to

be important for those interested in relaxing and in getting a suntan However climate

did not make it into the seven most important factors from a group of 53 pull factors

selected using factor analysis by Yuan and MacDonald (1990 cited in Hamilton

Maddison and Tola 2004)

22 Special Event

Events can be classified according to the kinds of activity on which they are based Most

are classified as based on sport the art other entertainments the heritage or food and

drink Events can also be grouped according to their size usually measured by the number

of people who attend (Roberts 2004)

- 21 -

221 Theory of Special Event

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

222 Timing

The planning period is typically the longest period of time in the event management

process Historically this has been due to disorganisation Disorganisation is best

characterized by frequent change resulting from substitutions additions or even

deletions due to poor research and design (Goldblatt 2005)

ldquoThe first question that many event managers ask the clients is When would you like to

schedule the event The answer to that question tells you how much time you have to

prepare Often that timetable may seem incredibly short

The length of time available for planning and for planning and for actual production will

dramatically affect the cost and sometimes the success of the event Equally important

as you discovered earlier is how you use your time The Greek philosopher

- 22 -

Theophrastus said ldquoTime is the most valuable thing a human can spendrdquo (Goldblatt

2002 p50) Allocate the billable time to follow the five phases of the event process

research design planning coordination and evaluation By paying careful attention to

the research and design phase you will be able to budget the time more precisely This is

particularly true for the event itself Planning the time of an event is as important as

managing your planning time (Goldblatt 2005)

223 Promotion

Goldblatt (2005) believe the best-quality event product but unless it have a strategic

plan for promoting this product it will remain the best kept secret in the world Even

large such as Olympic Game requires well-developed promotion strategies to achieve

the success they require

The promotion strategy to identify for the event requires a careful study of past or

comparable efforts expert guidance from people who have specific expertise in this field

and most important setting benchmarks for specific measurement of the individual

promotion activities

ldquoThere are a variety of ways to measure promotion efforts First you may measure

awareness by your target market Anticipation of the event may be tantamount to

ultimate participation Next you many measure actual attendance and the resulting

investment Finally you may measure the post event attitude of the event promotional

activityrdquo (Goldblatt 2005 p254)

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 3: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 3 -

Acknowledgements

There are express the acknowledgements to this dissertation supervisor Ms Dorothy Tsui

the attentive patient and support to helped to finish this study particularly for teaching the

detail to use the Statistical Packages for the Social Science (SPSS) I would like to

acknowledge the classmatersquos support and share the knowledge and all respondents help to

make the study complete Finally I appreciate Ms Tsui and classmate patience and

encouragement to finish this study

- 4 -

Abstract

ldquoCustomer Loyalty is two major approaches for evaluate loyalty the behavioural

approach and the cognitive approach The traditional behavioural approach includes such

measures as large proportion of purchase purchase sequence and probability of

purchase The customer loyalty construct in this study refers to two components

repurchase behaviour and loyalty consequences (Dick and Basu 1994 cited in

Prasarnphanich 2007)Attitude toward a brand is a determinant of repeat purchases

which in turn results in several loyalty consequences (positive word-of-mouth search

motivation and resistance to counter persuasion)rdquo (Prasarnphanich 2007 p232)

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

- 5 -

Contents

Acknowledgements 03

Abstract 04

Contents 05

List of figures 07

List of table 08

Chapter 1 ndash Introduction

11 Background

111 Objective

12 Background of Ocean Park

09

09

10

11

Chapter 2 ndash Literature Review

21Consumer Behavior

211 Customer Loyalty

2111 How to Get Repeat Customers 7 steps

2112 Relationships between Trust Commitment and Customer Loyalty

2113Repeat visitors are importance

212 Motivation

2121 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

2123 Push and Pull Factors

22 Special Event

221 Theory of Special Event

222 Timing

223 Promotion

23 Theme Park

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

2431 Size

2432 Education

2433 Sex

13

13

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

20

21

21

22

24

25

25

25

27

27

27

28

- 6 -

Chapter 3 ndash Methodology

31 Secondary Research

32 Primary Research

321 Research Design

322 Quantitative Models

323 Pilot Test

324 Quantitative Research

325 Data Collection

326 Data analysis

327 Limitation

30

30

30

31

31

31

32

34

34

35

Chapter 4 - Results

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

44 Special event attraction

441 Rank of special event

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

49 The Promotion of Special Event

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

36

36

38

39

40

42

43

44

45

47

48

49

50

51

53

54

Chapter 5 - Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

52 Recommendations

References

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

56

56

58

60

65

67

- 7 -

List of figures

Figure 211 Research Model 16

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory 18

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 26

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere 49

Finger 48 The related subject of interest 52

- 8 -

List of Tables

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population 28

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 29

Table 411 Profile of teenagers 37

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group 37

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket 39

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

40

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited 41

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

42

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo (Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

43

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested 44

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

46

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash and repeat visit

48

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge 50

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit and repeat visited because special event

51

Table 48 The related subject of interest 52

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type 53

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

55

- 9 -

Chapter 1

Introduction

11 Background

Ocean Park is one of the worlds well-known theme parks the attendance of Ocean

Park is the sixteenth of the world and the fifths at Asia (TEAERA theme park

attractions attendance report 2007) Also Ocean Park is top ten tourist

attraction in Hong Kong (Top ten tourist attraction in Hong Kong 2009)

almost all tourists will visit Ocean Park At the same time Ocean Park won top

ten landmarks of Hong Kong election that was around hundred thousand primary

school students voting to obtainrsquo result (Hkheadlinecom 2008) Children will become

teenagers so we need to respect their opinion

Word-of-mouth is very importance in the theme park industry if something make the

customer dissatisfy they will tell that everyone who know and never come back again

Although the target of Ocean Park is all age people but the special event and innovative

facilities are proceeded at the park it is difficult to get into the older generationrsquo mind and

easily to attract teenagers because teenagers can quickly accept and attempt on the new

thing Also Ocean Park designs the special event to fulfil guestrsquo wants the study showed

that the ocean park can satisfy teenagers by holding the special event and encourage them

to revisit Ocean Park Finally the study can find out the advertisement of the special event

can attract teenagers attention If the special event can increase the teenage customer revisit

the park that can helpful to plan the future strategies

111 Objective

1 To analyse reason of that target group to visit Ocean Park

- 10 -

2 To investigate the advertisement of the special event can attract them

3 To study that target group think about Ocean Parkrsquos strategies vs their response

(really visit Ocean Park repeatedly because the special event)

12 Background of Ocean Park

Ocean Park integrates conservation education and entertainment into a unique guest

experiences They are committed to making a difference in conservation of the natural

environment Ocean Parkrsquo land granted by government and there was build donations from

The Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club and opened on 1977before opened Ocean Park

working capital was come from admission and Jockey Club support due to admission was

very low most of time were lose money in business On 1987 the government pass

through ldquoOcean Park Bylawrdquo from Jockey Club appropriate funds (two hundred million

Hong Kong dollars) to establish trust fund and Ocean Park can separated from Jockey

Club and became a non-profit organisation and to assume sole responsibility for its profits

or losses

Ocean Park is separate to two parts which is Lowland and Headland They are connect

with the cable car to each other Lowland have the ldquoKidrsquo Worldrdquo ndash lsquoDolphin Universityrsquo

and lsquoWhiskers Theatrersquo are teach children about the dolphin and sea lion et cetera and the

children can try low exciting rides in lsquoRides for Kidrsquo Also there are ldquoLowland Gardensrdquo ndash

lsquoSky Fairrsquo is the new attraction and lsquoPanda Habitatrsquo has a pair member living there who is

Le Le and Ying Ying but other attractions of ldquoLowland Gardensrdquo are closed because the

redevelopment plan is operated

On the other hand Headland including ldquoMarina landrdquo ldquoHeadlands Ridesrdquo and ldquoAdventure

Landrdquo ldquoMarina landrdquo have many marina creature are showed In lsquoAtoll Reefrsquo more than

- 11 -

1500 fishes including sharks stingray deep-sea fishes and tropical fishes lsquoSea Jelly

Spectacularrsquo has more than a hundred sea jellies of any size and shape different colour of

lighting music special effects to enhance the guestrsquo experience Dolphins and sea lions

will perform the show in lsquoOcean Theatrersquo Ocean Park also has the exciting rides in

ldquoHeadlands Ridesrdquo and ldquoAdventure Landrdquo to offer the rides to the guest to play Roller

coasters have lsquoThe Dragonrsquo and lsquoMine Trainrsquo latest exciting ride is lsquoThe Abyss Turbo

Droprsquo guest can straight down in free fall Design seems pirate shiprsquos lsquoCrazy Galleonrsquo can

swing about seventy-five degree to quite a swell Also there are other attractions are very

stimulating lsquoOcean Park Escalatorrsquo is connecting ldquoAdventure Landrdquo and other entrances -

Tai Shue Wan Entrances which is the worlds second longest outdoor escalator

Due to Ocean Park are established over thirty years there are cannot lackrsquo landmark

(Ofwhk 2007) Ocean Park is deemed a ldquomust-seerdquo attraction to the tourist and everyone

from Hong Kong has a great Ocean Park memory In the value-added programmes and the

strategic timing of the Ocean Park ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual events became major drivers towards

their record-topping which is Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta Animal Month in Easter

Summer Splash in summer Ocean Park Halloween Bash in October and Christmas

Sensation in December

Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta ndash provide the wonderful celebrate program to make the

guest affected by fully traditions atmosphere and enjoy a variety and happy festivities

Easterrsquos Animal Month ndash Ocean Park had innovate unforgettable interesting and

instructive program to touch with the natural and rare animals they can learn how to care

for an animals

Summer Splash in summer ndash to join the stimulation movementrsquo Summer Splash the guest

can enjoy a variety of novel interaction water game and performance

- 12 -

Ocean Park Halloween Bash ndash Ocean Park brought the guest into the scare project

including diversiform Haunted Houses sense organs indistinct world and many witch

mummies vampires and devil suddenly appear in front of them and pumpkin spiders

skeletons adornment around there to frightened the guest

Christmas Sensation in December ndash coveted and unique white Christmas were emerge

from Ocean Park there were provide ice-skating performance Santa Claus and Christmas

tree available to take a photo

Most of event a host near a Tai Shue Wan Entrances because there are a big place can

build diversiform building and easy to control the guest flow

Before they succeeded to confront Hong Kong Disneyland are opened Tung Chee Hwa -

first elected Chief Executive of Hong Kong was invite ldquoFather of Lan Kwai Fongrdquo - Allan

Zeman to become a chairman of Ocean Park exploit his experience to increase Ocean

Parkrsquo competitiveness Allan Zeman announce that Ocean Park are proceed to renew

project including build three hotels entertainment facilities will increase to seventy and

introduced variety animal The new Ocean Park will separate two main areas would be

renamed ldquoThe Waterfrontrdquo (Lowland) and ldquoThe Summitrdquo (Headland)

- 13 -

Chapter 2

Literature Review

This study is investigate the teenagers customer repeated visits Ocean Park because the

special event

21 Consumer Behavior

The study of consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend

their available resources (time money effort) on consumption-related items (Schiffman

and Kanuk 1997 cited in Abdallat 2007) Consumer behavior is a study of the processes

involved when individuals or groups select purchase use or dispose of products

services ideas or experiences to satisfy needs and desires (ABDALLAT 2007)

211 Customer Loyalty

Griffin (2002) has identified two dovetailing events have dramatically expanded how

companies pursue customer loyalty First of all the widespread use of the Internet has

changed the relationship between customer expectations of construction work No longer

is marketing and sales information simply pushed toward the customer Now a company

must also allow customer to pull the marketing information they want when they want it

and complete the purchase process on their terms Second technology breakthroughs

especially in the area of knowledge management offer new and innovative ways to

nature customer relationships Present companyrsquos ability to prosper depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points ability to thrive depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points of customer contact e-mail

telephone fax websitehellip

- 14 -

2111 How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps

Wuorio (2007) identifies it is important to understand how to build a base of

customers who return to your business time and again The following were seven ideas

and strategies to consider

1 Repeat customers cost less than new ones Its less expensive to bring existing

customers back than to attract new ones Consider the expense of advertising

marketing media and other tools necessary to lure new customers Also getting a new

customers attention can often be a matter of timing

2 Repeat customers are walking billboards If a customer comes back to your

business chances are quite good that the customer liked what they saw the first time

around And there are the opportunities they going to spread the wordmdashpublicity that

comes free of charge to you

3 To build repeat customers be consistent A solid base of repeat customers might

seem little more than a matter of providing excellent service or products But

excellence cannot be a hit or miss propositionmdashrepeat customers return because their

experience is consistently solid

4 Hire the right people Since your employees are on the front lines their demeanor

and interaction with clients can cement relationships that bring customers back to your

business

5 Know your customers well Its hard to build repeat business if you dont know what

your customers value

- 15 -

6 Keep it personal A repeat customer what is someone you need to know Nurture

that by keeping your relationship as personal as possible Such as get to know

customers the name

7 Stay in contact Through customersrsquo blog newsletter or some other vehicle that

affords ongoing communication to encourage repeat business by keep in touch

2112 Relationships between Trust Commitment and Customer Loyalty

The proposed research model is underlying hypothesized relationships among trust

commitment and customer loyalty (Figure 211)

ldquoTrust is the goodwill to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence

(Moorman and Zaltman 1993 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007) Commitment is defined

asldquoan enduring desire to maintain a valued relationshiprdquo (Moorman et al 1992 cited

in Prasarnphanich 2007) ldquoCustomer Loyalty is two major approaches for evaluate

loyalty the behavioral approach and the cognitive approach The traditional

behavioral approach includes such measures as large proportion of purchase purchase

sequence and probability of purchase The customer loyalty construct in this study

refers to two components repurchase behavior and loyalty consequences (Dick and

Basu 1994 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007)Attitude toward a brand is a determinant of

repeat purchases which in turn results in several loyalty consequences (positive

word-of-mouth search motivation and resistance to counter persuasion)rdquo

(Prasarnphanich 2007 p232)

- 16 -

Figure 211 Research Model (Prasarnphanich 2007)

2113Repeat visitors are importance

REED (2007) believes if noticing that the majority of your users are first time-visitors

and then may be doing something wrong A successful company will have a large

number of repeat visitors or people that know about your site and wish to return on a

regular basis If people are visiting and not returning these need to turn things around

if want the company to succeed

Always consider repeat visitors the foundation of the company Once these have a

good number of repeat visitors and it have something to build on ndash the company can

continue to work on attracting new members now confident that these have a

community people want to return to time and time again

- 17 -

212 Motivation

2121 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory

In 1954 Maslow first published Motivation and Personality which introduced his

theory about how people satisfy various personal needs in the context of their work

Gawel (1997) state that Maslow postulated based on his observations as a humanistic

psychologist there is a general pattern of needs recognition and satisfaction that

people follow in generally the same sequence He also theorized that a person could

not recognize or pursue the next higher need in the hierarchy until her or his currently

recognized need was substantially or completely satisfied a concept called

prepotency

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe Maslowrsquos was a psychologist who proposed that

within every person is a hierarchy of five needs

1 Physiological needs Food drink shelter sex and physical requirements

2 Safety needs Security and protection from physical and emotional harm as well

as assurance that physical needs will continue to be met

3 Social needs Affection belongingness acceptance and friendship

4 Esteem needs Internal esteem factors such as self-respect autonomy and

achievement and external esteem factors such as status recognition and attention

5 Self-actualization needs Growth achieving onersquos potential and self-fulfillment

the drive to become what one is capable of becoming

- 18 -

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe that the theory proposed that although no need is

ever fully satisfied a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates an individual to

satisfy that need Therefore understand what need level that person is on in the

hierarchy and focus on satisfying needs at or above that level can motivate them

In addition Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower levels

Physiological and safety needs were considered lower-order needs social esteem and

self-actualization were considered higher-order needs The difference was that

higher-order needs are satisfy internally while lower-order needs are predominantly

satisfied externally (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

- 19 -

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

Howard and Sheth (1969) proposed that the core of model is explained the purchase

behavior of the ldquobrandrdquo and not to fuss about the frequency and quantity of purchase

The point is the consumer buying behavior there are some factors to consider which is

ldquoinputsrdquo ldquoPerceptual Constructs and Learning Constructsrdquo and ldquoOutputrdquo (MBA lib

2009)

Abdallat and Ng et al (2007) both believe Howard-Sheth Model explains the

consumers choose the brand behavior and through the study of consumer buying

behavior there are three type of purchase decision making

The first level describes the extensive problem solving At this level the consumer does

not have any basic information or knowledge about the specific brand and he does not

have any preferences for any product In this situation the consumer will seek

information about all the different brands in the market and use more time before

purchasing

The second level is limited problem solving This situation exists for consumers who

have little knowledge about the market or limited knowledge about what they want to

purchase For arrive at a brand preference some comparative brand information is

searched

The third level is a habitual response behavior In this level the consumer knows very

well about the different brands and he can differentiate between the different

characteristics of each product they would not collect the information and evaluation

other brand and he already decides to purchase a particular product According to the

Howard-Sheth model there are four major sets of variables which is Input Perceptual

- 20 -

and Learning Constructs Outputs and Exogenous (External) variables (Abdallat and

Ng et al 2007)

2123 Push and Pull Factors

The lsquolsquoPushndashPullrsquorsquo framework has been utilised by a number of studies to assess the

range of attributes that motivate the desire to go on holiday and the destination choice

Push factors are socialndashpsychological factors that motivate the individual to travel and

the pull factors are qualities of destinations that attract the tourist such as

infrastructure or cultural attractions Of the ten lsquolsquoPushndash Pullrsquorsquo studies reviewed by

Klenosky (2002 cited in Hamilton Maddison and Tola 2004) none explicitly

included origin climate or destination climate as push and pull factors respectively

Nevertheless in his study lsquolsquowarm climatersquorsquo appears as a pull factor and was found to

be important for those interested in relaxing and in getting a suntan However climate

did not make it into the seven most important factors from a group of 53 pull factors

selected using factor analysis by Yuan and MacDonald (1990 cited in Hamilton

Maddison and Tola 2004)

22 Special Event

Events can be classified according to the kinds of activity on which they are based Most

are classified as based on sport the art other entertainments the heritage or food and

drink Events can also be grouped according to their size usually measured by the number

of people who attend (Roberts 2004)

- 21 -

221 Theory of Special Event

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

222 Timing

The planning period is typically the longest period of time in the event management

process Historically this has been due to disorganisation Disorganisation is best

characterized by frequent change resulting from substitutions additions or even

deletions due to poor research and design (Goldblatt 2005)

ldquoThe first question that many event managers ask the clients is When would you like to

schedule the event The answer to that question tells you how much time you have to

prepare Often that timetable may seem incredibly short

The length of time available for planning and for planning and for actual production will

dramatically affect the cost and sometimes the success of the event Equally important

as you discovered earlier is how you use your time The Greek philosopher

- 22 -

Theophrastus said ldquoTime is the most valuable thing a human can spendrdquo (Goldblatt

2002 p50) Allocate the billable time to follow the five phases of the event process

research design planning coordination and evaluation By paying careful attention to

the research and design phase you will be able to budget the time more precisely This is

particularly true for the event itself Planning the time of an event is as important as

managing your planning time (Goldblatt 2005)

223 Promotion

Goldblatt (2005) believe the best-quality event product but unless it have a strategic

plan for promoting this product it will remain the best kept secret in the world Even

large such as Olympic Game requires well-developed promotion strategies to achieve

the success they require

The promotion strategy to identify for the event requires a careful study of past or

comparable efforts expert guidance from people who have specific expertise in this field

and most important setting benchmarks for specific measurement of the individual

promotion activities

ldquoThere are a variety of ways to measure promotion efforts First you may measure

awareness by your target market Anticipation of the event may be tantamount to

ultimate participation Next you many measure actual attendance and the resulting

investment Finally you may measure the post event attitude of the event promotional

activityrdquo (Goldblatt 2005 p254)

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 4: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 4 -

Abstract

ldquoCustomer Loyalty is two major approaches for evaluate loyalty the behavioural

approach and the cognitive approach The traditional behavioural approach includes such

measures as large proportion of purchase purchase sequence and probability of

purchase The customer loyalty construct in this study refers to two components

repurchase behaviour and loyalty consequences (Dick and Basu 1994 cited in

Prasarnphanich 2007)Attitude toward a brand is a determinant of repeat purchases

which in turn results in several loyalty consequences (positive word-of-mouth search

motivation and resistance to counter persuasion)rdquo (Prasarnphanich 2007 p232)

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

- 5 -

Contents

Acknowledgements 03

Abstract 04

Contents 05

List of figures 07

List of table 08

Chapter 1 ndash Introduction

11 Background

111 Objective

12 Background of Ocean Park

09

09

10

11

Chapter 2 ndash Literature Review

21Consumer Behavior

211 Customer Loyalty

2111 How to Get Repeat Customers 7 steps

2112 Relationships between Trust Commitment and Customer Loyalty

2113Repeat visitors are importance

212 Motivation

2121 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

2123 Push and Pull Factors

22 Special Event

221 Theory of Special Event

222 Timing

223 Promotion

23 Theme Park

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

2431 Size

2432 Education

2433 Sex

13

13

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

20

21

21

22

24

25

25

25

27

27

27

28

- 6 -

Chapter 3 ndash Methodology

31 Secondary Research

32 Primary Research

321 Research Design

322 Quantitative Models

323 Pilot Test

324 Quantitative Research

325 Data Collection

326 Data analysis

327 Limitation

30

30

30

31

31

31

32

34

34

35

Chapter 4 - Results

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

44 Special event attraction

441 Rank of special event

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

49 The Promotion of Special Event

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

36

36

38

39

40

42

43

44

45

47

48

49

50

51

53

54

Chapter 5 - Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

52 Recommendations

References

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

56

56

58

60

65

67

- 7 -

List of figures

Figure 211 Research Model 16

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory 18

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 26

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere 49

Finger 48 The related subject of interest 52

- 8 -

List of Tables

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population 28

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 29

Table 411 Profile of teenagers 37

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group 37

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket 39

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

40

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited 41

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

42

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo (Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

43

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested 44

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

46

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash and repeat visit

48

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge 50

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit and repeat visited because special event

51

Table 48 The related subject of interest 52

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type 53

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

55

- 9 -

Chapter 1

Introduction

11 Background

Ocean Park is one of the worlds well-known theme parks the attendance of Ocean

Park is the sixteenth of the world and the fifths at Asia (TEAERA theme park

attractions attendance report 2007) Also Ocean Park is top ten tourist

attraction in Hong Kong (Top ten tourist attraction in Hong Kong 2009)

almost all tourists will visit Ocean Park At the same time Ocean Park won top

ten landmarks of Hong Kong election that was around hundred thousand primary

school students voting to obtainrsquo result (Hkheadlinecom 2008) Children will become

teenagers so we need to respect their opinion

Word-of-mouth is very importance in the theme park industry if something make the

customer dissatisfy they will tell that everyone who know and never come back again

Although the target of Ocean Park is all age people but the special event and innovative

facilities are proceeded at the park it is difficult to get into the older generationrsquo mind and

easily to attract teenagers because teenagers can quickly accept and attempt on the new

thing Also Ocean Park designs the special event to fulfil guestrsquo wants the study showed

that the ocean park can satisfy teenagers by holding the special event and encourage them

to revisit Ocean Park Finally the study can find out the advertisement of the special event

can attract teenagers attention If the special event can increase the teenage customer revisit

the park that can helpful to plan the future strategies

111 Objective

1 To analyse reason of that target group to visit Ocean Park

- 10 -

2 To investigate the advertisement of the special event can attract them

3 To study that target group think about Ocean Parkrsquos strategies vs their response

(really visit Ocean Park repeatedly because the special event)

12 Background of Ocean Park

Ocean Park integrates conservation education and entertainment into a unique guest

experiences They are committed to making a difference in conservation of the natural

environment Ocean Parkrsquo land granted by government and there was build donations from

The Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club and opened on 1977before opened Ocean Park

working capital was come from admission and Jockey Club support due to admission was

very low most of time were lose money in business On 1987 the government pass

through ldquoOcean Park Bylawrdquo from Jockey Club appropriate funds (two hundred million

Hong Kong dollars) to establish trust fund and Ocean Park can separated from Jockey

Club and became a non-profit organisation and to assume sole responsibility for its profits

or losses

Ocean Park is separate to two parts which is Lowland and Headland They are connect

with the cable car to each other Lowland have the ldquoKidrsquo Worldrdquo ndash lsquoDolphin Universityrsquo

and lsquoWhiskers Theatrersquo are teach children about the dolphin and sea lion et cetera and the

children can try low exciting rides in lsquoRides for Kidrsquo Also there are ldquoLowland Gardensrdquo ndash

lsquoSky Fairrsquo is the new attraction and lsquoPanda Habitatrsquo has a pair member living there who is

Le Le and Ying Ying but other attractions of ldquoLowland Gardensrdquo are closed because the

redevelopment plan is operated

On the other hand Headland including ldquoMarina landrdquo ldquoHeadlands Ridesrdquo and ldquoAdventure

Landrdquo ldquoMarina landrdquo have many marina creature are showed In lsquoAtoll Reefrsquo more than

- 11 -

1500 fishes including sharks stingray deep-sea fishes and tropical fishes lsquoSea Jelly

Spectacularrsquo has more than a hundred sea jellies of any size and shape different colour of

lighting music special effects to enhance the guestrsquo experience Dolphins and sea lions

will perform the show in lsquoOcean Theatrersquo Ocean Park also has the exciting rides in

ldquoHeadlands Ridesrdquo and ldquoAdventure Landrdquo to offer the rides to the guest to play Roller

coasters have lsquoThe Dragonrsquo and lsquoMine Trainrsquo latest exciting ride is lsquoThe Abyss Turbo

Droprsquo guest can straight down in free fall Design seems pirate shiprsquos lsquoCrazy Galleonrsquo can

swing about seventy-five degree to quite a swell Also there are other attractions are very

stimulating lsquoOcean Park Escalatorrsquo is connecting ldquoAdventure Landrdquo and other entrances -

Tai Shue Wan Entrances which is the worlds second longest outdoor escalator

Due to Ocean Park are established over thirty years there are cannot lackrsquo landmark

(Ofwhk 2007) Ocean Park is deemed a ldquomust-seerdquo attraction to the tourist and everyone

from Hong Kong has a great Ocean Park memory In the value-added programmes and the

strategic timing of the Ocean Park ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual events became major drivers towards

their record-topping which is Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta Animal Month in Easter

Summer Splash in summer Ocean Park Halloween Bash in October and Christmas

Sensation in December

Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta ndash provide the wonderful celebrate program to make the

guest affected by fully traditions atmosphere and enjoy a variety and happy festivities

Easterrsquos Animal Month ndash Ocean Park had innovate unforgettable interesting and

instructive program to touch with the natural and rare animals they can learn how to care

for an animals

Summer Splash in summer ndash to join the stimulation movementrsquo Summer Splash the guest

can enjoy a variety of novel interaction water game and performance

- 12 -

Ocean Park Halloween Bash ndash Ocean Park brought the guest into the scare project

including diversiform Haunted Houses sense organs indistinct world and many witch

mummies vampires and devil suddenly appear in front of them and pumpkin spiders

skeletons adornment around there to frightened the guest

Christmas Sensation in December ndash coveted and unique white Christmas were emerge

from Ocean Park there were provide ice-skating performance Santa Claus and Christmas

tree available to take a photo

Most of event a host near a Tai Shue Wan Entrances because there are a big place can

build diversiform building and easy to control the guest flow

Before they succeeded to confront Hong Kong Disneyland are opened Tung Chee Hwa -

first elected Chief Executive of Hong Kong was invite ldquoFather of Lan Kwai Fongrdquo - Allan

Zeman to become a chairman of Ocean Park exploit his experience to increase Ocean

Parkrsquo competitiveness Allan Zeman announce that Ocean Park are proceed to renew

project including build three hotels entertainment facilities will increase to seventy and

introduced variety animal The new Ocean Park will separate two main areas would be

renamed ldquoThe Waterfrontrdquo (Lowland) and ldquoThe Summitrdquo (Headland)

- 13 -

Chapter 2

Literature Review

This study is investigate the teenagers customer repeated visits Ocean Park because the

special event

21 Consumer Behavior

The study of consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend

their available resources (time money effort) on consumption-related items (Schiffman

and Kanuk 1997 cited in Abdallat 2007) Consumer behavior is a study of the processes

involved when individuals or groups select purchase use or dispose of products

services ideas or experiences to satisfy needs and desires (ABDALLAT 2007)

211 Customer Loyalty

Griffin (2002) has identified two dovetailing events have dramatically expanded how

companies pursue customer loyalty First of all the widespread use of the Internet has

changed the relationship between customer expectations of construction work No longer

is marketing and sales information simply pushed toward the customer Now a company

must also allow customer to pull the marketing information they want when they want it

and complete the purchase process on their terms Second technology breakthroughs

especially in the area of knowledge management offer new and innovative ways to

nature customer relationships Present companyrsquos ability to prosper depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points ability to thrive depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points of customer contact e-mail

telephone fax websitehellip

- 14 -

2111 How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps

Wuorio (2007) identifies it is important to understand how to build a base of

customers who return to your business time and again The following were seven ideas

and strategies to consider

1 Repeat customers cost less than new ones Its less expensive to bring existing

customers back than to attract new ones Consider the expense of advertising

marketing media and other tools necessary to lure new customers Also getting a new

customers attention can often be a matter of timing

2 Repeat customers are walking billboards If a customer comes back to your

business chances are quite good that the customer liked what they saw the first time

around And there are the opportunities they going to spread the wordmdashpublicity that

comes free of charge to you

3 To build repeat customers be consistent A solid base of repeat customers might

seem little more than a matter of providing excellent service or products But

excellence cannot be a hit or miss propositionmdashrepeat customers return because their

experience is consistently solid

4 Hire the right people Since your employees are on the front lines their demeanor

and interaction with clients can cement relationships that bring customers back to your

business

5 Know your customers well Its hard to build repeat business if you dont know what

your customers value

- 15 -

6 Keep it personal A repeat customer what is someone you need to know Nurture

that by keeping your relationship as personal as possible Such as get to know

customers the name

7 Stay in contact Through customersrsquo blog newsletter or some other vehicle that

affords ongoing communication to encourage repeat business by keep in touch

2112 Relationships between Trust Commitment and Customer Loyalty

The proposed research model is underlying hypothesized relationships among trust

commitment and customer loyalty (Figure 211)

ldquoTrust is the goodwill to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence

(Moorman and Zaltman 1993 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007) Commitment is defined

asldquoan enduring desire to maintain a valued relationshiprdquo (Moorman et al 1992 cited

in Prasarnphanich 2007) ldquoCustomer Loyalty is two major approaches for evaluate

loyalty the behavioral approach and the cognitive approach The traditional

behavioral approach includes such measures as large proportion of purchase purchase

sequence and probability of purchase The customer loyalty construct in this study

refers to two components repurchase behavior and loyalty consequences (Dick and

Basu 1994 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007)Attitude toward a brand is a determinant of

repeat purchases which in turn results in several loyalty consequences (positive

word-of-mouth search motivation and resistance to counter persuasion)rdquo

(Prasarnphanich 2007 p232)

- 16 -

Figure 211 Research Model (Prasarnphanich 2007)

2113Repeat visitors are importance

REED (2007) believes if noticing that the majority of your users are first time-visitors

and then may be doing something wrong A successful company will have a large

number of repeat visitors or people that know about your site and wish to return on a

regular basis If people are visiting and not returning these need to turn things around

if want the company to succeed

Always consider repeat visitors the foundation of the company Once these have a

good number of repeat visitors and it have something to build on ndash the company can

continue to work on attracting new members now confident that these have a

community people want to return to time and time again

- 17 -

212 Motivation

2121 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory

In 1954 Maslow first published Motivation and Personality which introduced his

theory about how people satisfy various personal needs in the context of their work

Gawel (1997) state that Maslow postulated based on his observations as a humanistic

psychologist there is a general pattern of needs recognition and satisfaction that

people follow in generally the same sequence He also theorized that a person could

not recognize or pursue the next higher need in the hierarchy until her or his currently

recognized need was substantially or completely satisfied a concept called

prepotency

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe Maslowrsquos was a psychologist who proposed that

within every person is a hierarchy of five needs

1 Physiological needs Food drink shelter sex and physical requirements

2 Safety needs Security and protection from physical and emotional harm as well

as assurance that physical needs will continue to be met

3 Social needs Affection belongingness acceptance and friendship

4 Esteem needs Internal esteem factors such as self-respect autonomy and

achievement and external esteem factors such as status recognition and attention

5 Self-actualization needs Growth achieving onersquos potential and self-fulfillment

the drive to become what one is capable of becoming

- 18 -

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe that the theory proposed that although no need is

ever fully satisfied a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates an individual to

satisfy that need Therefore understand what need level that person is on in the

hierarchy and focus on satisfying needs at or above that level can motivate them

In addition Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower levels

Physiological and safety needs were considered lower-order needs social esteem and

self-actualization were considered higher-order needs The difference was that

higher-order needs are satisfy internally while lower-order needs are predominantly

satisfied externally (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

- 19 -

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

Howard and Sheth (1969) proposed that the core of model is explained the purchase

behavior of the ldquobrandrdquo and not to fuss about the frequency and quantity of purchase

The point is the consumer buying behavior there are some factors to consider which is

ldquoinputsrdquo ldquoPerceptual Constructs and Learning Constructsrdquo and ldquoOutputrdquo (MBA lib

2009)

Abdallat and Ng et al (2007) both believe Howard-Sheth Model explains the

consumers choose the brand behavior and through the study of consumer buying

behavior there are three type of purchase decision making

The first level describes the extensive problem solving At this level the consumer does

not have any basic information or knowledge about the specific brand and he does not

have any preferences for any product In this situation the consumer will seek

information about all the different brands in the market and use more time before

purchasing

The second level is limited problem solving This situation exists for consumers who

have little knowledge about the market or limited knowledge about what they want to

purchase For arrive at a brand preference some comparative brand information is

searched

The third level is a habitual response behavior In this level the consumer knows very

well about the different brands and he can differentiate between the different

characteristics of each product they would not collect the information and evaluation

other brand and he already decides to purchase a particular product According to the

Howard-Sheth model there are four major sets of variables which is Input Perceptual

- 20 -

and Learning Constructs Outputs and Exogenous (External) variables (Abdallat and

Ng et al 2007)

2123 Push and Pull Factors

The lsquolsquoPushndashPullrsquorsquo framework has been utilised by a number of studies to assess the

range of attributes that motivate the desire to go on holiday and the destination choice

Push factors are socialndashpsychological factors that motivate the individual to travel and

the pull factors are qualities of destinations that attract the tourist such as

infrastructure or cultural attractions Of the ten lsquolsquoPushndash Pullrsquorsquo studies reviewed by

Klenosky (2002 cited in Hamilton Maddison and Tola 2004) none explicitly

included origin climate or destination climate as push and pull factors respectively

Nevertheless in his study lsquolsquowarm climatersquorsquo appears as a pull factor and was found to

be important for those interested in relaxing and in getting a suntan However climate

did not make it into the seven most important factors from a group of 53 pull factors

selected using factor analysis by Yuan and MacDonald (1990 cited in Hamilton

Maddison and Tola 2004)

22 Special Event

Events can be classified according to the kinds of activity on which they are based Most

are classified as based on sport the art other entertainments the heritage or food and

drink Events can also be grouped according to their size usually measured by the number

of people who attend (Roberts 2004)

- 21 -

221 Theory of Special Event

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

222 Timing

The planning period is typically the longest period of time in the event management

process Historically this has been due to disorganisation Disorganisation is best

characterized by frequent change resulting from substitutions additions or even

deletions due to poor research and design (Goldblatt 2005)

ldquoThe first question that many event managers ask the clients is When would you like to

schedule the event The answer to that question tells you how much time you have to

prepare Often that timetable may seem incredibly short

The length of time available for planning and for planning and for actual production will

dramatically affect the cost and sometimes the success of the event Equally important

as you discovered earlier is how you use your time The Greek philosopher

- 22 -

Theophrastus said ldquoTime is the most valuable thing a human can spendrdquo (Goldblatt

2002 p50) Allocate the billable time to follow the five phases of the event process

research design planning coordination and evaluation By paying careful attention to

the research and design phase you will be able to budget the time more precisely This is

particularly true for the event itself Planning the time of an event is as important as

managing your planning time (Goldblatt 2005)

223 Promotion

Goldblatt (2005) believe the best-quality event product but unless it have a strategic

plan for promoting this product it will remain the best kept secret in the world Even

large such as Olympic Game requires well-developed promotion strategies to achieve

the success they require

The promotion strategy to identify for the event requires a careful study of past or

comparable efforts expert guidance from people who have specific expertise in this field

and most important setting benchmarks for specific measurement of the individual

promotion activities

ldquoThere are a variety of ways to measure promotion efforts First you may measure

awareness by your target market Anticipation of the event may be tantamount to

ultimate participation Next you many measure actual attendance and the resulting

investment Finally you may measure the post event attitude of the event promotional

activityrdquo (Goldblatt 2005 p254)

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 5: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 5 -

Contents

Acknowledgements 03

Abstract 04

Contents 05

List of figures 07

List of table 08

Chapter 1 ndash Introduction

11 Background

111 Objective

12 Background of Ocean Park

09

09

10

11

Chapter 2 ndash Literature Review

21Consumer Behavior

211 Customer Loyalty

2111 How to Get Repeat Customers 7 steps

2112 Relationships between Trust Commitment and Customer Loyalty

2113Repeat visitors are importance

212 Motivation

2121 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

2123 Push and Pull Factors

22 Special Event

221 Theory of Special Event

222 Timing

223 Promotion

23 Theme Park

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

2431 Size

2432 Education

2433 Sex

13

13

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

20

21

21

22

24

25

25

25

27

27

27

28

- 6 -

Chapter 3 ndash Methodology

31 Secondary Research

32 Primary Research

321 Research Design

322 Quantitative Models

323 Pilot Test

324 Quantitative Research

325 Data Collection

326 Data analysis

327 Limitation

30

30

30

31

31

31

32

34

34

35

Chapter 4 - Results

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

44 Special event attraction

441 Rank of special event

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

49 The Promotion of Special Event

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

36

36

38

39

40

42

43

44

45

47

48

49

50

51

53

54

Chapter 5 - Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

52 Recommendations

References

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

56

56

58

60

65

67

- 7 -

List of figures

Figure 211 Research Model 16

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory 18

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 26

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere 49

Finger 48 The related subject of interest 52

- 8 -

List of Tables

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population 28

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 29

Table 411 Profile of teenagers 37

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group 37

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket 39

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

40

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited 41

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

42

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo (Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

43

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested 44

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

46

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash and repeat visit

48

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge 50

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit and repeat visited because special event

51

Table 48 The related subject of interest 52

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type 53

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

55

- 9 -

Chapter 1

Introduction

11 Background

Ocean Park is one of the worlds well-known theme parks the attendance of Ocean

Park is the sixteenth of the world and the fifths at Asia (TEAERA theme park

attractions attendance report 2007) Also Ocean Park is top ten tourist

attraction in Hong Kong (Top ten tourist attraction in Hong Kong 2009)

almost all tourists will visit Ocean Park At the same time Ocean Park won top

ten landmarks of Hong Kong election that was around hundred thousand primary

school students voting to obtainrsquo result (Hkheadlinecom 2008) Children will become

teenagers so we need to respect their opinion

Word-of-mouth is very importance in the theme park industry if something make the

customer dissatisfy they will tell that everyone who know and never come back again

Although the target of Ocean Park is all age people but the special event and innovative

facilities are proceeded at the park it is difficult to get into the older generationrsquo mind and

easily to attract teenagers because teenagers can quickly accept and attempt on the new

thing Also Ocean Park designs the special event to fulfil guestrsquo wants the study showed

that the ocean park can satisfy teenagers by holding the special event and encourage them

to revisit Ocean Park Finally the study can find out the advertisement of the special event

can attract teenagers attention If the special event can increase the teenage customer revisit

the park that can helpful to plan the future strategies

111 Objective

1 To analyse reason of that target group to visit Ocean Park

- 10 -

2 To investigate the advertisement of the special event can attract them

3 To study that target group think about Ocean Parkrsquos strategies vs their response

(really visit Ocean Park repeatedly because the special event)

12 Background of Ocean Park

Ocean Park integrates conservation education and entertainment into a unique guest

experiences They are committed to making a difference in conservation of the natural

environment Ocean Parkrsquo land granted by government and there was build donations from

The Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club and opened on 1977before opened Ocean Park

working capital was come from admission and Jockey Club support due to admission was

very low most of time were lose money in business On 1987 the government pass

through ldquoOcean Park Bylawrdquo from Jockey Club appropriate funds (two hundred million

Hong Kong dollars) to establish trust fund and Ocean Park can separated from Jockey

Club and became a non-profit organisation and to assume sole responsibility for its profits

or losses

Ocean Park is separate to two parts which is Lowland and Headland They are connect

with the cable car to each other Lowland have the ldquoKidrsquo Worldrdquo ndash lsquoDolphin Universityrsquo

and lsquoWhiskers Theatrersquo are teach children about the dolphin and sea lion et cetera and the

children can try low exciting rides in lsquoRides for Kidrsquo Also there are ldquoLowland Gardensrdquo ndash

lsquoSky Fairrsquo is the new attraction and lsquoPanda Habitatrsquo has a pair member living there who is

Le Le and Ying Ying but other attractions of ldquoLowland Gardensrdquo are closed because the

redevelopment plan is operated

On the other hand Headland including ldquoMarina landrdquo ldquoHeadlands Ridesrdquo and ldquoAdventure

Landrdquo ldquoMarina landrdquo have many marina creature are showed In lsquoAtoll Reefrsquo more than

- 11 -

1500 fishes including sharks stingray deep-sea fishes and tropical fishes lsquoSea Jelly

Spectacularrsquo has more than a hundred sea jellies of any size and shape different colour of

lighting music special effects to enhance the guestrsquo experience Dolphins and sea lions

will perform the show in lsquoOcean Theatrersquo Ocean Park also has the exciting rides in

ldquoHeadlands Ridesrdquo and ldquoAdventure Landrdquo to offer the rides to the guest to play Roller

coasters have lsquoThe Dragonrsquo and lsquoMine Trainrsquo latest exciting ride is lsquoThe Abyss Turbo

Droprsquo guest can straight down in free fall Design seems pirate shiprsquos lsquoCrazy Galleonrsquo can

swing about seventy-five degree to quite a swell Also there are other attractions are very

stimulating lsquoOcean Park Escalatorrsquo is connecting ldquoAdventure Landrdquo and other entrances -

Tai Shue Wan Entrances which is the worlds second longest outdoor escalator

Due to Ocean Park are established over thirty years there are cannot lackrsquo landmark

(Ofwhk 2007) Ocean Park is deemed a ldquomust-seerdquo attraction to the tourist and everyone

from Hong Kong has a great Ocean Park memory In the value-added programmes and the

strategic timing of the Ocean Park ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual events became major drivers towards

their record-topping which is Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta Animal Month in Easter

Summer Splash in summer Ocean Park Halloween Bash in October and Christmas

Sensation in December

Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta ndash provide the wonderful celebrate program to make the

guest affected by fully traditions atmosphere and enjoy a variety and happy festivities

Easterrsquos Animal Month ndash Ocean Park had innovate unforgettable interesting and

instructive program to touch with the natural and rare animals they can learn how to care

for an animals

Summer Splash in summer ndash to join the stimulation movementrsquo Summer Splash the guest

can enjoy a variety of novel interaction water game and performance

- 12 -

Ocean Park Halloween Bash ndash Ocean Park brought the guest into the scare project

including diversiform Haunted Houses sense organs indistinct world and many witch

mummies vampires and devil suddenly appear in front of them and pumpkin spiders

skeletons adornment around there to frightened the guest

Christmas Sensation in December ndash coveted and unique white Christmas were emerge

from Ocean Park there were provide ice-skating performance Santa Claus and Christmas

tree available to take a photo

Most of event a host near a Tai Shue Wan Entrances because there are a big place can

build diversiform building and easy to control the guest flow

Before they succeeded to confront Hong Kong Disneyland are opened Tung Chee Hwa -

first elected Chief Executive of Hong Kong was invite ldquoFather of Lan Kwai Fongrdquo - Allan

Zeman to become a chairman of Ocean Park exploit his experience to increase Ocean

Parkrsquo competitiveness Allan Zeman announce that Ocean Park are proceed to renew

project including build three hotels entertainment facilities will increase to seventy and

introduced variety animal The new Ocean Park will separate two main areas would be

renamed ldquoThe Waterfrontrdquo (Lowland) and ldquoThe Summitrdquo (Headland)

- 13 -

Chapter 2

Literature Review

This study is investigate the teenagers customer repeated visits Ocean Park because the

special event

21 Consumer Behavior

The study of consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend

their available resources (time money effort) on consumption-related items (Schiffman

and Kanuk 1997 cited in Abdallat 2007) Consumer behavior is a study of the processes

involved when individuals or groups select purchase use or dispose of products

services ideas or experiences to satisfy needs and desires (ABDALLAT 2007)

211 Customer Loyalty

Griffin (2002) has identified two dovetailing events have dramatically expanded how

companies pursue customer loyalty First of all the widespread use of the Internet has

changed the relationship between customer expectations of construction work No longer

is marketing and sales information simply pushed toward the customer Now a company

must also allow customer to pull the marketing information they want when they want it

and complete the purchase process on their terms Second technology breakthroughs

especially in the area of knowledge management offer new and innovative ways to

nature customer relationships Present companyrsquos ability to prosper depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points ability to thrive depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points of customer contact e-mail

telephone fax websitehellip

- 14 -

2111 How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps

Wuorio (2007) identifies it is important to understand how to build a base of

customers who return to your business time and again The following were seven ideas

and strategies to consider

1 Repeat customers cost less than new ones Its less expensive to bring existing

customers back than to attract new ones Consider the expense of advertising

marketing media and other tools necessary to lure new customers Also getting a new

customers attention can often be a matter of timing

2 Repeat customers are walking billboards If a customer comes back to your

business chances are quite good that the customer liked what they saw the first time

around And there are the opportunities they going to spread the wordmdashpublicity that

comes free of charge to you

3 To build repeat customers be consistent A solid base of repeat customers might

seem little more than a matter of providing excellent service or products But

excellence cannot be a hit or miss propositionmdashrepeat customers return because their

experience is consistently solid

4 Hire the right people Since your employees are on the front lines their demeanor

and interaction with clients can cement relationships that bring customers back to your

business

5 Know your customers well Its hard to build repeat business if you dont know what

your customers value

- 15 -

6 Keep it personal A repeat customer what is someone you need to know Nurture

that by keeping your relationship as personal as possible Such as get to know

customers the name

7 Stay in contact Through customersrsquo blog newsletter or some other vehicle that

affords ongoing communication to encourage repeat business by keep in touch

2112 Relationships between Trust Commitment and Customer Loyalty

The proposed research model is underlying hypothesized relationships among trust

commitment and customer loyalty (Figure 211)

ldquoTrust is the goodwill to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence

(Moorman and Zaltman 1993 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007) Commitment is defined

asldquoan enduring desire to maintain a valued relationshiprdquo (Moorman et al 1992 cited

in Prasarnphanich 2007) ldquoCustomer Loyalty is two major approaches for evaluate

loyalty the behavioral approach and the cognitive approach The traditional

behavioral approach includes such measures as large proportion of purchase purchase

sequence and probability of purchase The customer loyalty construct in this study

refers to two components repurchase behavior and loyalty consequences (Dick and

Basu 1994 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007)Attitude toward a brand is a determinant of

repeat purchases which in turn results in several loyalty consequences (positive

word-of-mouth search motivation and resistance to counter persuasion)rdquo

(Prasarnphanich 2007 p232)

- 16 -

Figure 211 Research Model (Prasarnphanich 2007)

2113Repeat visitors are importance

REED (2007) believes if noticing that the majority of your users are first time-visitors

and then may be doing something wrong A successful company will have a large

number of repeat visitors or people that know about your site and wish to return on a

regular basis If people are visiting and not returning these need to turn things around

if want the company to succeed

Always consider repeat visitors the foundation of the company Once these have a

good number of repeat visitors and it have something to build on ndash the company can

continue to work on attracting new members now confident that these have a

community people want to return to time and time again

- 17 -

212 Motivation

2121 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory

In 1954 Maslow first published Motivation and Personality which introduced his

theory about how people satisfy various personal needs in the context of their work

Gawel (1997) state that Maslow postulated based on his observations as a humanistic

psychologist there is a general pattern of needs recognition and satisfaction that

people follow in generally the same sequence He also theorized that a person could

not recognize or pursue the next higher need in the hierarchy until her or his currently

recognized need was substantially or completely satisfied a concept called

prepotency

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe Maslowrsquos was a psychologist who proposed that

within every person is a hierarchy of five needs

1 Physiological needs Food drink shelter sex and physical requirements

2 Safety needs Security and protection from physical and emotional harm as well

as assurance that physical needs will continue to be met

3 Social needs Affection belongingness acceptance and friendship

4 Esteem needs Internal esteem factors such as self-respect autonomy and

achievement and external esteem factors such as status recognition and attention

5 Self-actualization needs Growth achieving onersquos potential and self-fulfillment

the drive to become what one is capable of becoming

- 18 -

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe that the theory proposed that although no need is

ever fully satisfied a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates an individual to

satisfy that need Therefore understand what need level that person is on in the

hierarchy and focus on satisfying needs at or above that level can motivate them

In addition Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower levels

Physiological and safety needs were considered lower-order needs social esteem and

self-actualization were considered higher-order needs The difference was that

higher-order needs are satisfy internally while lower-order needs are predominantly

satisfied externally (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

- 19 -

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

Howard and Sheth (1969) proposed that the core of model is explained the purchase

behavior of the ldquobrandrdquo and not to fuss about the frequency and quantity of purchase

The point is the consumer buying behavior there are some factors to consider which is

ldquoinputsrdquo ldquoPerceptual Constructs and Learning Constructsrdquo and ldquoOutputrdquo (MBA lib

2009)

Abdallat and Ng et al (2007) both believe Howard-Sheth Model explains the

consumers choose the brand behavior and through the study of consumer buying

behavior there are three type of purchase decision making

The first level describes the extensive problem solving At this level the consumer does

not have any basic information or knowledge about the specific brand and he does not

have any preferences for any product In this situation the consumer will seek

information about all the different brands in the market and use more time before

purchasing

The second level is limited problem solving This situation exists for consumers who

have little knowledge about the market or limited knowledge about what they want to

purchase For arrive at a brand preference some comparative brand information is

searched

The third level is a habitual response behavior In this level the consumer knows very

well about the different brands and he can differentiate between the different

characteristics of each product they would not collect the information and evaluation

other brand and he already decides to purchase a particular product According to the

Howard-Sheth model there are four major sets of variables which is Input Perceptual

- 20 -

and Learning Constructs Outputs and Exogenous (External) variables (Abdallat and

Ng et al 2007)

2123 Push and Pull Factors

The lsquolsquoPushndashPullrsquorsquo framework has been utilised by a number of studies to assess the

range of attributes that motivate the desire to go on holiday and the destination choice

Push factors are socialndashpsychological factors that motivate the individual to travel and

the pull factors are qualities of destinations that attract the tourist such as

infrastructure or cultural attractions Of the ten lsquolsquoPushndash Pullrsquorsquo studies reviewed by

Klenosky (2002 cited in Hamilton Maddison and Tola 2004) none explicitly

included origin climate or destination climate as push and pull factors respectively

Nevertheless in his study lsquolsquowarm climatersquorsquo appears as a pull factor and was found to

be important for those interested in relaxing and in getting a suntan However climate

did not make it into the seven most important factors from a group of 53 pull factors

selected using factor analysis by Yuan and MacDonald (1990 cited in Hamilton

Maddison and Tola 2004)

22 Special Event

Events can be classified according to the kinds of activity on which they are based Most

are classified as based on sport the art other entertainments the heritage or food and

drink Events can also be grouped according to their size usually measured by the number

of people who attend (Roberts 2004)

- 21 -

221 Theory of Special Event

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

222 Timing

The planning period is typically the longest period of time in the event management

process Historically this has been due to disorganisation Disorganisation is best

characterized by frequent change resulting from substitutions additions or even

deletions due to poor research and design (Goldblatt 2005)

ldquoThe first question that many event managers ask the clients is When would you like to

schedule the event The answer to that question tells you how much time you have to

prepare Often that timetable may seem incredibly short

The length of time available for planning and for planning and for actual production will

dramatically affect the cost and sometimes the success of the event Equally important

as you discovered earlier is how you use your time The Greek philosopher

- 22 -

Theophrastus said ldquoTime is the most valuable thing a human can spendrdquo (Goldblatt

2002 p50) Allocate the billable time to follow the five phases of the event process

research design planning coordination and evaluation By paying careful attention to

the research and design phase you will be able to budget the time more precisely This is

particularly true for the event itself Planning the time of an event is as important as

managing your planning time (Goldblatt 2005)

223 Promotion

Goldblatt (2005) believe the best-quality event product but unless it have a strategic

plan for promoting this product it will remain the best kept secret in the world Even

large such as Olympic Game requires well-developed promotion strategies to achieve

the success they require

The promotion strategy to identify for the event requires a careful study of past or

comparable efforts expert guidance from people who have specific expertise in this field

and most important setting benchmarks for specific measurement of the individual

promotion activities

ldquoThere are a variety of ways to measure promotion efforts First you may measure

awareness by your target market Anticipation of the event may be tantamount to

ultimate participation Next you many measure actual attendance and the resulting

investment Finally you may measure the post event attitude of the event promotional

activityrdquo (Goldblatt 2005 p254)

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 6: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 6 -

Chapter 3 ndash Methodology

31 Secondary Research

32 Primary Research

321 Research Design

322 Quantitative Models

323 Pilot Test

324 Quantitative Research

325 Data Collection

326 Data analysis

327 Limitation

30

30

30

31

31

31

32

34

34

35

Chapter 4 - Results

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

44 Special event attraction

441 Rank of special event

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

49 The Promotion of Special Event

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

36

36

38

39

40

42

43

44

45

47

48

49

50

51

53

54

Chapter 5 - Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

52 Recommendations

References

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

56

56

58

60

65

67

- 7 -

List of figures

Figure 211 Research Model 16

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory 18

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 26

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere 49

Finger 48 The related subject of interest 52

- 8 -

List of Tables

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population 28

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 29

Table 411 Profile of teenagers 37

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group 37

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket 39

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

40

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited 41

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

42

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo (Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

43

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested 44

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

46

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash and repeat visit

48

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge 50

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit and repeat visited because special event

51

Table 48 The related subject of interest 52

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type 53

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

55

- 9 -

Chapter 1

Introduction

11 Background

Ocean Park is one of the worlds well-known theme parks the attendance of Ocean

Park is the sixteenth of the world and the fifths at Asia (TEAERA theme park

attractions attendance report 2007) Also Ocean Park is top ten tourist

attraction in Hong Kong (Top ten tourist attraction in Hong Kong 2009)

almost all tourists will visit Ocean Park At the same time Ocean Park won top

ten landmarks of Hong Kong election that was around hundred thousand primary

school students voting to obtainrsquo result (Hkheadlinecom 2008) Children will become

teenagers so we need to respect their opinion

Word-of-mouth is very importance in the theme park industry if something make the

customer dissatisfy they will tell that everyone who know and never come back again

Although the target of Ocean Park is all age people but the special event and innovative

facilities are proceeded at the park it is difficult to get into the older generationrsquo mind and

easily to attract teenagers because teenagers can quickly accept and attempt on the new

thing Also Ocean Park designs the special event to fulfil guestrsquo wants the study showed

that the ocean park can satisfy teenagers by holding the special event and encourage them

to revisit Ocean Park Finally the study can find out the advertisement of the special event

can attract teenagers attention If the special event can increase the teenage customer revisit

the park that can helpful to plan the future strategies

111 Objective

1 To analyse reason of that target group to visit Ocean Park

- 10 -

2 To investigate the advertisement of the special event can attract them

3 To study that target group think about Ocean Parkrsquos strategies vs their response

(really visit Ocean Park repeatedly because the special event)

12 Background of Ocean Park

Ocean Park integrates conservation education and entertainment into a unique guest

experiences They are committed to making a difference in conservation of the natural

environment Ocean Parkrsquo land granted by government and there was build donations from

The Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club and opened on 1977before opened Ocean Park

working capital was come from admission and Jockey Club support due to admission was

very low most of time were lose money in business On 1987 the government pass

through ldquoOcean Park Bylawrdquo from Jockey Club appropriate funds (two hundred million

Hong Kong dollars) to establish trust fund and Ocean Park can separated from Jockey

Club and became a non-profit organisation and to assume sole responsibility for its profits

or losses

Ocean Park is separate to two parts which is Lowland and Headland They are connect

with the cable car to each other Lowland have the ldquoKidrsquo Worldrdquo ndash lsquoDolphin Universityrsquo

and lsquoWhiskers Theatrersquo are teach children about the dolphin and sea lion et cetera and the

children can try low exciting rides in lsquoRides for Kidrsquo Also there are ldquoLowland Gardensrdquo ndash

lsquoSky Fairrsquo is the new attraction and lsquoPanda Habitatrsquo has a pair member living there who is

Le Le and Ying Ying but other attractions of ldquoLowland Gardensrdquo are closed because the

redevelopment plan is operated

On the other hand Headland including ldquoMarina landrdquo ldquoHeadlands Ridesrdquo and ldquoAdventure

Landrdquo ldquoMarina landrdquo have many marina creature are showed In lsquoAtoll Reefrsquo more than

- 11 -

1500 fishes including sharks stingray deep-sea fishes and tropical fishes lsquoSea Jelly

Spectacularrsquo has more than a hundred sea jellies of any size and shape different colour of

lighting music special effects to enhance the guestrsquo experience Dolphins and sea lions

will perform the show in lsquoOcean Theatrersquo Ocean Park also has the exciting rides in

ldquoHeadlands Ridesrdquo and ldquoAdventure Landrdquo to offer the rides to the guest to play Roller

coasters have lsquoThe Dragonrsquo and lsquoMine Trainrsquo latest exciting ride is lsquoThe Abyss Turbo

Droprsquo guest can straight down in free fall Design seems pirate shiprsquos lsquoCrazy Galleonrsquo can

swing about seventy-five degree to quite a swell Also there are other attractions are very

stimulating lsquoOcean Park Escalatorrsquo is connecting ldquoAdventure Landrdquo and other entrances -

Tai Shue Wan Entrances which is the worlds second longest outdoor escalator

Due to Ocean Park are established over thirty years there are cannot lackrsquo landmark

(Ofwhk 2007) Ocean Park is deemed a ldquomust-seerdquo attraction to the tourist and everyone

from Hong Kong has a great Ocean Park memory In the value-added programmes and the

strategic timing of the Ocean Park ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual events became major drivers towards

their record-topping which is Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta Animal Month in Easter

Summer Splash in summer Ocean Park Halloween Bash in October and Christmas

Sensation in December

Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta ndash provide the wonderful celebrate program to make the

guest affected by fully traditions atmosphere and enjoy a variety and happy festivities

Easterrsquos Animal Month ndash Ocean Park had innovate unforgettable interesting and

instructive program to touch with the natural and rare animals they can learn how to care

for an animals

Summer Splash in summer ndash to join the stimulation movementrsquo Summer Splash the guest

can enjoy a variety of novel interaction water game and performance

- 12 -

Ocean Park Halloween Bash ndash Ocean Park brought the guest into the scare project

including diversiform Haunted Houses sense organs indistinct world and many witch

mummies vampires and devil suddenly appear in front of them and pumpkin spiders

skeletons adornment around there to frightened the guest

Christmas Sensation in December ndash coveted and unique white Christmas were emerge

from Ocean Park there were provide ice-skating performance Santa Claus and Christmas

tree available to take a photo

Most of event a host near a Tai Shue Wan Entrances because there are a big place can

build diversiform building and easy to control the guest flow

Before they succeeded to confront Hong Kong Disneyland are opened Tung Chee Hwa -

first elected Chief Executive of Hong Kong was invite ldquoFather of Lan Kwai Fongrdquo - Allan

Zeman to become a chairman of Ocean Park exploit his experience to increase Ocean

Parkrsquo competitiveness Allan Zeman announce that Ocean Park are proceed to renew

project including build three hotels entertainment facilities will increase to seventy and

introduced variety animal The new Ocean Park will separate two main areas would be

renamed ldquoThe Waterfrontrdquo (Lowland) and ldquoThe Summitrdquo (Headland)

- 13 -

Chapter 2

Literature Review

This study is investigate the teenagers customer repeated visits Ocean Park because the

special event

21 Consumer Behavior

The study of consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend

their available resources (time money effort) on consumption-related items (Schiffman

and Kanuk 1997 cited in Abdallat 2007) Consumer behavior is a study of the processes

involved when individuals or groups select purchase use or dispose of products

services ideas or experiences to satisfy needs and desires (ABDALLAT 2007)

211 Customer Loyalty

Griffin (2002) has identified two dovetailing events have dramatically expanded how

companies pursue customer loyalty First of all the widespread use of the Internet has

changed the relationship between customer expectations of construction work No longer

is marketing and sales information simply pushed toward the customer Now a company

must also allow customer to pull the marketing information they want when they want it

and complete the purchase process on their terms Second technology breakthroughs

especially in the area of knowledge management offer new and innovative ways to

nature customer relationships Present companyrsquos ability to prosper depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points ability to thrive depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points of customer contact e-mail

telephone fax websitehellip

- 14 -

2111 How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps

Wuorio (2007) identifies it is important to understand how to build a base of

customers who return to your business time and again The following were seven ideas

and strategies to consider

1 Repeat customers cost less than new ones Its less expensive to bring existing

customers back than to attract new ones Consider the expense of advertising

marketing media and other tools necessary to lure new customers Also getting a new

customers attention can often be a matter of timing

2 Repeat customers are walking billboards If a customer comes back to your

business chances are quite good that the customer liked what they saw the first time

around And there are the opportunities they going to spread the wordmdashpublicity that

comes free of charge to you

3 To build repeat customers be consistent A solid base of repeat customers might

seem little more than a matter of providing excellent service or products But

excellence cannot be a hit or miss propositionmdashrepeat customers return because their

experience is consistently solid

4 Hire the right people Since your employees are on the front lines their demeanor

and interaction with clients can cement relationships that bring customers back to your

business

5 Know your customers well Its hard to build repeat business if you dont know what

your customers value

- 15 -

6 Keep it personal A repeat customer what is someone you need to know Nurture

that by keeping your relationship as personal as possible Such as get to know

customers the name

7 Stay in contact Through customersrsquo blog newsletter or some other vehicle that

affords ongoing communication to encourage repeat business by keep in touch

2112 Relationships between Trust Commitment and Customer Loyalty

The proposed research model is underlying hypothesized relationships among trust

commitment and customer loyalty (Figure 211)

ldquoTrust is the goodwill to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence

(Moorman and Zaltman 1993 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007) Commitment is defined

asldquoan enduring desire to maintain a valued relationshiprdquo (Moorman et al 1992 cited

in Prasarnphanich 2007) ldquoCustomer Loyalty is two major approaches for evaluate

loyalty the behavioral approach and the cognitive approach The traditional

behavioral approach includes such measures as large proportion of purchase purchase

sequence and probability of purchase The customer loyalty construct in this study

refers to two components repurchase behavior and loyalty consequences (Dick and

Basu 1994 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007)Attitude toward a brand is a determinant of

repeat purchases which in turn results in several loyalty consequences (positive

word-of-mouth search motivation and resistance to counter persuasion)rdquo

(Prasarnphanich 2007 p232)

- 16 -

Figure 211 Research Model (Prasarnphanich 2007)

2113Repeat visitors are importance

REED (2007) believes if noticing that the majority of your users are first time-visitors

and then may be doing something wrong A successful company will have a large

number of repeat visitors or people that know about your site and wish to return on a

regular basis If people are visiting and not returning these need to turn things around

if want the company to succeed

Always consider repeat visitors the foundation of the company Once these have a

good number of repeat visitors and it have something to build on ndash the company can

continue to work on attracting new members now confident that these have a

community people want to return to time and time again

- 17 -

212 Motivation

2121 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory

In 1954 Maslow first published Motivation and Personality which introduced his

theory about how people satisfy various personal needs in the context of their work

Gawel (1997) state that Maslow postulated based on his observations as a humanistic

psychologist there is a general pattern of needs recognition and satisfaction that

people follow in generally the same sequence He also theorized that a person could

not recognize or pursue the next higher need in the hierarchy until her or his currently

recognized need was substantially or completely satisfied a concept called

prepotency

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe Maslowrsquos was a psychologist who proposed that

within every person is a hierarchy of five needs

1 Physiological needs Food drink shelter sex and physical requirements

2 Safety needs Security and protection from physical and emotional harm as well

as assurance that physical needs will continue to be met

3 Social needs Affection belongingness acceptance and friendship

4 Esteem needs Internal esteem factors such as self-respect autonomy and

achievement and external esteem factors such as status recognition and attention

5 Self-actualization needs Growth achieving onersquos potential and self-fulfillment

the drive to become what one is capable of becoming

- 18 -

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe that the theory proposed that although no need is

ever fully satisfied a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates an individual to

satisfy that need Therefore understand what need level that person is on in the

hierarchy and focus on satisfying needs at or above that level can motivate them

In addition Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower levels

Physiological and safety needs were considered lower-order needs social esteem and

self-actualization were considered higher-order needs The difference was that

higher-order needs are satisfy internally while lower-order needs are predominantly

satisfied externally (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

- 19 -

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

Howard and Sheth (1969) proposed that the core of model is explained the purchase

behavior of the ldquobrandrdquo and not to fuss about the frequency and quantity of purchase

The point is the consumer buying behavior there are some factors to consider which is

ldquoinputsrdquo ldquoPerceptual Constructs and Learning Constructsrdquo and ldquoOutputrdquo (MBA lib

2009)

Abdallat and Ng et al (2007) both believe Howard-Sheth Model explains the

consumers choose the brand behavior and through the study of consumer buying

behavior there are three type of purchase decision making

The first level describes the extensive problem solving At this level the consumer does

not have any basic information or knowledge about the specific brand and he does not

have any preferences for any product In this situation the consumer will seek

information about all the different brands in the market and use more time before

purchasing

The second level is limited problem solving This situation exists for consumers who

have little knowledge about the market or limited knowledge about what they want to

purchase For arrive at a brand preference some comparative brand information is

searched

The third level is a habitual response behavior In this level the consumer knows very

well about the different brands and he can differentiate between the different

characteristics of each product they would not collect the information and evaluation

other brand and he already decides to purchase a particular product According to the

Howard-Sheth model there are four major sets of variables which is Input Perceptual

- 20 -

and Learning Constructs Outputs and Exogenous (External) variables (Abdallat and

Ng et al 2007)

2123 Push and Pull Factors

The lsquolsquoPushndashPullrsquorsquo framework has been utilised by a number of studies to assess the

range of attributes that motivate the desire to go on holiday and the destination choice

Push factors are socialndashpsychological factors that motivate the individual to travel and

the pull factors are qualities of destinations that attract the tourist such as

infrastructure or cultural attractions Of the ten lsquolsquoPushndash Pullrsquorsquo studies reviewed by

Klenosky (2002 cited in Hamilton Maddison and Tola 2004) none explicitly

included origin climate or destination climate as push and pull factors respectively

Nevertheless in his study lsquolsquowarm climatersquorsquo appears as a pull factor and was found to

be important for those interested in relaxing and in getting a suntan However climate

did not make it into the seven most important factors from a group of 53 pull factors

selected using factor analysis by Yuan and MacDonald (1990 cited in Hamilton

Maddison and Tola 2004)

22 Special Event

Events can be classified according to the kinds of activity on which they are based Most

are classified as based on sport the art other entertainments the heritage or food and

drink Events can also be grouped according to their size usually measured by the number

of people who attend (Roberts 2004)

- 21 -

221 Theory of Special Event

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

222 Timing

The planning period is typically the longest period of time in the event management

process Historically this has been due to disorganisation Disorganisation is best

characterized by frequent change resulting from substitutions additions or even

deletions due to poor research and design (Goldblatt 2005)

ldquoThe first question that many event managers ask the clients is When would you like to

schedule the event The answer to that question tells you how much time you have to

prepare Often that timetable may seem incredibly short

The length of time available for planning and for planning and for actual production will

dramatically affect the cost and sometimes the success of the event Equally important

as you discovered earlier is how you use your time The Greek philosopher

- 22 -

Theophrastus said ldquoTime is the most valuable thing a human can spendrdquo (Goldblatt

2002 p50) Allocate the billable time to follow the five phases of the event process

research design planning coordination and evaluation By paying careful attention to

the research and design phase you will be able to budget the time more precisely This is

particularly true for the event itself Planning the time of an event is as important as

managing your planning time (Goldblatt 2005)

223 Promotion

Goldblatt (2005) believe the best-quality event product but unless it have a strategic

plan for promoting this product it will remain the best kept secret in the world Even

large such as Olympic Game requires well-developed promotion strategies to achieve

the success they require

The promotion strategy to identify for the event requires a careful study of past or

comparable efforts expert guidance from people who have specific expertise in this field

and most important setting benchmarks for specific measurement of the individual

promotion activities

ldquoThere are a variety of ways to measure promotion efforts First you may measure

awareness by your target market Anticipation of the event may be tantamount to

ultimate participation Next you many measure actual attendance and the resulting

investment Finally you may measure the post event attitude of the event promotional

activityrdquo (Goldblatt 2005 p254)

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 7: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 7 -

List of figures

Figure 211 Research Model 16

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory 18

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 26

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere 49

Finger 48 The related subject of interest 52

- 8 -

List of Tables

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population 28

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 29

Table 411 Profile of teenagers 37

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group 37

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket 39

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

40

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited 41

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

42

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo (Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

43

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested 44

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

46

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash and repeat visit

48

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge 50

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit and repeat visited because special event

51

Table 48 The related subject of interest 52

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type 53

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

55

- 9 -

Chapter 1

Introduction

11 Background

Ocean Park is one of the worlds well-known theme parks the attendance of Ocean

Park is the sixteenth of the world and the fifths at Asia (TEAERA theme park

attractions attendance report 2007) Also Ocean Park is top ten tourist

attraction in Hong Kong (Top ten tourist attraction in Hong Kong 2009)

almost all tourists will visit Ocean Park At the same time Ocean Park won top

ten landmarks of Hong Kong election that was around hundred thousand primary

school students voting to obtainrsquo result (Hkheadlinecom 2008) Children will become

teenagers so we need to respect their opinion

Word-of-mouth is very importance in the theme park industry if something make the

customer dissatisfy they will tell that everyone who know and never come back again

Although the target of Ocean Park is all age people but the special event and innovative

facilities are proceeded at the park it is difficult to get into the older generationrsquo mind and

easily to attract teenagers because teenagers can quickly accept and attempt on the new

thing Also Ocean Park designs the special event to fulfil guestrsquo wants the study showed

that the ocean park can satisfy teenagers by holding the special event and encourage them

to revisit Ocean Park Finally the study can find out the advertisement of the special event

can attract teenagers attention If the special event can increase the teenage customer revisit

the park that can helpful to plan the future strategies

111 Objective

1 To analyse reason of that target group to visit Ocean Park

- 10 -

2 To investigate the advertisement of the special event can attract them

3 To study that target group think about Ocean Parkrsquos strategies vs their response

(really visit Ocean Park repeatedly because the special event)

12 Background of Ocean Park

Ocean Park integrates conservation education and entertainment into a unique guest

experiences They are committed to making a difference in conservation of the natural

environment Ocean Parkrsquo land granted by government and there was build donations from

The Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club and opened on 1977before opened Ocean Park

working capital was come from admission and Jockey Club support due to admission was

very low most of time were lose money in business On 1987 the government pass

through ldquoOcean Park Bylawrdquo from Jockey Club appropriate funds (two hundred million

Hong Kong dollars) to establish trust fund and Ocean Park can separated from Jockey

Club and became a non-profit organisation and to assume sole responsibility for its profits

or losses

Ocean Park is separate to two parts which is Lowland and Headland They are connect

with the cable car to each other Lowland have the ldquoKidrsquo Worldrdquo ndash lsquoDolphin Universityrsquo

and lsquoWhiskers Theatrersquo are teach children about the dolphin and sea lion et cetera and the

children can try low exciting rides in lsquoRides for Kidrsquo Also there are ldquoLowland Gardensrdquo ndash

lsquoSky Fairrsquo is the new attraction and lsquoPanda Habitatrsquo has a pair member living there who is

Le Le and Ying Ying but other attractions of ldquoLowland Gardensrdquo are closed because the

redevelopment plan is operated

On the other hand Headland including ldquoMarina landrdquo ldquoHeadlands Ridesrdquo and ldquoAdventure

Landrdquo ldquoMarina landrdquo have many marina creature are showed In lsquoAtoll Reefrsquo more than

- 11 -

1500 fishes including sharks stingray deep-sea fishes and tropical fishes lsquoSea Jelly

Spectacularrsquo has more than a hundred sea jellies of any size and shape different colour of

lighting music special effects to enhance the guestrsquo experience Dolphins and sea lions

will perform the show in lsquoOcean Theatrersquo Ocean Park also has the exciting rides in

ldquoHeadlands Ridesrdquo and ldquoAdventure Landrdquo to offer the rides to the guest to play Roller

coasters have lsquoThe Dragonrsquo and lsquoMine Trainrsquo latest exciting ride is lsquoThe Abyss Turbo

Droprsquo guest can straight down in free fall Design seems pirate shiprsquos lsquoCrazy Galleonrsquo can

swing about seventy-five degree to quite a swell Also there are other attractions are very

stimulating lsquoOcean Park Escalatorrsquo is connecting ldquoAdventure Landrdquo and other entrances -

Tai Shue Wan Entrances which is the worlds second longest outdoor escalator

Due to Ocean Park are established over thirty years there are cannot lackrsquo landmark

(Ofwhk 2007) Ocean Park is deemed a ldquomust-seerdquo attraction to the tourist and everyone

from Hong Kong has a great Ocean Park memory In the value-added programmes and the

strategic timing of the Ocean Park ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual events became major drivers towards

their record-topping which is Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta Animal Month in Easter

Summer Splash in summer Ocean Park Halloween Bash in October and Christmas

Sensation in December

Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta ndash provide the wonderful celebrate program to make the

guest affected by fully traditions atmosphere and enjoy a variety and happy festivities

Easterrsquos Animal Month ndash Ocean Park had innovate unforgettable interesting and

instructive program to touch with the natural and rare animals they can learn how to care

for an animals

Summer Splash in summer ndash to join the stimulation movementrsquo Summer Splash the guest

can enjoy a variety of novel interaction water game and performance

- 12 -

Ocean Park Halloween Bash ndash Ocean Park brought the guest into the scare project

including diversiform Haunted Houses sense organs indistinct world and many witch

mummies vampires and devil suddenly appear in front of them and pumpkin spiders

skeletons adornment around there to frightened the guest

Christmas Sensation in December ndash coveted and unique white Christmas were emerge

from Ocean Park there were provide ice-skating performance Santa Claus and Christmas

tree available to take a photo

Most of event a host near a Tai Shue Wan Entrances because there are a big place can

build diversiform building and easy to control the guest flow

Before they succeeded to confront Hong Kong Disneyland are opened Tung Chee Hwa -

first elected Chief Executive of Hong Kong was invite ldquoFather of Lan Kwai Fongrdquo - Allan

Zeman to become a chairman of Ocean Park exploit his experience to increase Ocean

Parkrsquo competitiveness Allan Zeman announce that Ocean Park are proceed to renew

project including build three hotels entertainment facilities will increase to seventy and

introduced variety animal The new Ocean Park will separate two main areas would be

renamed ldquoThe Waterfrontrdquo (Lowland) and ldquoThe Summitrdquo (Headland)

- 13 -

Chapter 2

Literature Review

This study is investigate the teenagers customer repeated visits Ocean Park because the

special event

21 Consumer Behavior

The study of consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend

their available resources (time money effort) on consumption-related items (Schiffman

and Kanuk 1997 cited in Abdallat 2007) Consumer behavior is a study of the processes

involved when individuals or groups select purchase use or dispose of products

services ideas or experiences to satisfy needs and desires (ABDALLAT 2007)

211 Customer Loyalty

Griffin (2002) has identified two dovetailing events have dramatically expanded how

companies pursue customer loyalty First of all the widespread use of the Internet has

changed the relationship between customer expectations of construction work No longer

is marketing and sales information simply pushed toward the customer Now a company

must also allow customer to pull the marketing information they want when they want it

and complete the purchase process on their terms Second technology breakthroughs

especially in the area of knowledge management offer new and innovative ways to

nature customer relationships Present companyrsquos ability to prosper depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points ability to thrive depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points of customer contact e-mail

telephone fax websitehellip

- 14 -

2111 How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps

Wuorio (2007) identifies it is important to understand how to build a base of

customers who return to your business time and again The following were seven ideas

and strategies to consider

1 Repeat customers cost less than new ones Its less expensive to bring existing

customers back than to attract new ones Consider the expense of advertising

marketing media and other tools necessary to lure new customers Also getting a new

customers attention can often be a matter of timing

2 Repeat customers are walking billboards If a customer comes back to your

business chances are quite good that the customer liked what they saw the first time

around And there are the opportunities they going to spread the wordmdashpublicity that

comes free of charge to you

3 To build repeat customers be consistent A solid base of repeat customers might

seem little more than a matter of providing excellent service or products But

excellence cannot be a hit or miss propositionmdashrepeat customers return because their

experience is consistently solid

4 Hire the right people Since your employees are on the front lines their demeanor

and interaction with clients can cement relationships that bring customers back to your

business

5 Know your customers well Its hard to build repeat business if you dont know what

your customers value

- 15 -

6 Keep it personal A repeat customer what is someone you need to know Nurture

that by keeping your relationship as personal as possible Such as get to know

customers the name

7 Stay in contact Through customersrsquo blog newsletter or some other vehicle that

affords ongoing communication to encourage repeat business by keep in touch

2112 Relationships between Trust Commitment and Customer Loyalty

The proposed research model is underlying hypothesized relationships among trust

commitment and customer loyalty (Figure 211)

ldquoTrust is the goodwill to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence

(Moorman and Zaltman 1993 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007) Commitment is defined

asldquoan enduring desire to maintain a valued relationshiprdquo (Moorman et al 1992 cited

in Prasarnphanich 2007) ldquoCustomer Loyalty is two major approaches for evaluate

loyalty the behavioral approach and the cognitive approach The traditional

behavioral approach includes such measures as large proportion of purchase purchase

sequence and probability of purchase The customer loyalty construct in this study

refers to two components repurchase behavior and loyalty consequences (Dick and

Basu 1994 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007)Attitude toward a brand is a determinant of

repeat purchases which in turn results in several loyalty consequences (positive

word-of-mouth search motivation and resistance to counter persuasion)rdquo

(Prasarnphanich 2007 p232)

- 16 -

Figure 211 Research Model (Prasarnphanich 2007)

2113Repeat visitors are importance

REED (2007) believes if noticing that the majority of your users are first time-visitors

and then may be doing something wrong A successful company will have a large

number of repeat visitors or people that know about your site and wish to return on a

regular basis If people are visiting and not returning these need to turn things around

if want the company to succeed

Always consider repeat visitors the foundation of the company Once these have a

good number of repeat visitors and it have something to build on ndash the company can

continue to work on attracting new members now confident that these have a

community people want to return to time and time again

- 17 -

212 Motivation

2121 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory

In 1954 Maslow first published Motivation and Personality which introduced his

theory about how people satisfy various personal needs in the context of their work

Gawel (1997) state that Maslow postulated based on his observations as a humanistic

psychologist there is a general pattern of needs recognition and satisfaction that

people follow in generally the same sequence He also theorized that a person could

not recognize or pursue the next higher need in the hierarchy until her or his currently

recognized need was substantially or completely satisfied a concept called

prepotency

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe Maslowrsquos was a psychologist who proposed that

within every person is a hierarchy of five needs

1 Physiological needs Food drink shelter sex and physical requirements

2 Safety needs Security and protection from physical and emotional harm as well

as assurance that physical needs will continue to be met

3 Social needs Affection belongingness acceptance and friendship

4 Esteem needs Internal esteem factors such as self-respect autonomy and

achievement and external esteem factors such as status recognition and attention

5 Self-actualization needs Growth achieving onersquos potential and self-fulfillment

the drive to become what one is capable of becoming

- 18 -

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe that the theory proposed that although no need is

ever fully satisfied a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates an individual to

satisfy that need Therefore understand what need level that person is on in the

hierarchy and focus on satisfying needs at or above that level can motivate them

In addition Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower levels

Physiological and safety needs were considered lower-order needs social esteem and

self-actualization were considered higher-order needs The difference was that

higher-order needs are satisfy internally while lower-order needs are predominantly

satisfied externally (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

- 19 -

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

Howard and Sheth (1969) proposed that the core of model is explained the purchase

behavior of the ldquobrandrdquo and not to fuss about the frequency and quantity of purchase

The point is the consumer buying behavior there are some factors to consider which is

ldquoinputsrdquo ldquoPerceptual Constructs and Learning Constructsrdquo and ldquoOutputrdquo (MBA lib

2009)

Abdallat and Ng et al (2007) both believe Howard-Sheth Model explains the

consumers choose the brand behavior and through the study of consumer buying

behavior there are three type of purchase decision making

The first level describes the extensive problem solving At this level the consumer does

not have any basic information or knowledge about the specific brand and he does not

have any preferences for any product In this situation the consumer will seek

information about all the different brands in the market and use more time before

purchasing

The second level is limited problem solving This situation exists for consumers who

have little knowledge about the market or limited knowledge about what they want to

purchase For arrive at a brand preference some comparative brand information is

searched

The third level is a habitual response behavior In this level the consumer knows very

well about the different brands and he can differentiate between the different

characteristics of each product they would not collect the information and evaluation

other brand and he already decides to purchase a particular product According to the

Howard-Sheth model there are four major sets of variables which is Input Perceptual

- 20 -

and Learning Constructs Outputs and Exogenous (External) variables (Abdallat and

Ng et al 2007)

2123 Push and Pull Factors

The lsquolsquoPushndashPullrsquorsquo framework has been utilised by a number of studies to assess the

range of attributes that motivate the desire to go on holiday and the destination choice

Push factors are socialndashpsychological factors that motivate the individual to travel and

the pull factors are qualities of destinations that attract the tourist such as

infrastructure or cultural attractions Of the ten lsquolsquoPushndash Pullrsquorsquo studies reviewed by

Klenosky (2002 cited in Hamilton Maddison and Tola 2004) none explicitly

included origin climate or destination climate as push and pull factors respectively

Nevertheless in his study lsquolsquowarm climatersquorsquo appears as a pull factor and was found to

be important for those interested in relaxing and in getting a suntan However climate

did not make it into the seven most important factors from a group of 53 pull factors

selected using factor analysis by Yuan and MacDonald (1990 cited in Hamilton

Maddison and Tola 2004)

22 Special Event

Events can be classified according to the kinds of activity on which they are based Most

are classified as based on sport the art other entertainments the heritage or food and

drink Events can also be grouped according to their size usually measured by the number

of people who attend (Roberts 2004)

- 21 -

221 Theory of Special Event

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

222 Timing

The planning period is typically the longest period of time in the event management

process Historically this has been due to disorganisation Disorganisation is best

characterized by frequent change resulting from substitutions additions or even

deletions due to poor research and design (Goldblatt 2005)

ldquoThe first question that many event managers ask the clients is When would you like to

schedule the event The answer to that question tells you how much time you have to

prepare Often that timetable may seem incredibly short

The length of time available for planning and for planning and for actual production will

dramatically affect the cost and sometimes the success of the event Equally important

as you discovered earlier is how you use your time The Greek philosopher

- 22 -

Theophrastus said ldquoTime is the most valuable thing a human can spendrdquo (Goldblatt

2002 p50) Allocate the billable time to follow the five phases of the event process

research design planning coordination and evaluation By paying careful attention to

the research and design phase you will be able to budget the time more precisely This is

particularly true for the event itself Planning the time of an event is as important as

managing your planning time (Goldblatt 2005)

223 Promotion

Goldblatt (2005) believe the best-quality event product but unless it have a strategic

plan for promoting this product it will remain the best kept secret in the world Even

large such as Olympic Game requires well-developed promotion strategies to achieve

the success they require

The promotion strategy to identify for the event requires a careful study of past or

comparable efforts expert guidance from people who have specific expertise in this field

and most important setting benchmarks for specific measurement of the individual

promotion activities

ldquoThere are a variety of ways to measure promotion efforts First you may measure

awareness by your target market Anticipation of the event may be tantamount to

ultimate participation Next you many measure actual attendance and the resulting

investment Finally you may measure the post event attitude of the event promotional

activityrdquo (Goldblatt 2005 p254)

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 8: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 8 -

List of Tables

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population 28

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 29

Table 411 Profile of teenagers 37

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group 37

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket 39

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

40

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited 41

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

42

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo (Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

43

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested 44

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

46

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash and repeat visit

48

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge 50

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit and repeat visited because special event

51

Table 48 The related subject of interest 52

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type 53

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

55

- 9 -

Chapter 1

Introduction

11 Background

Ocean Park is one of the worlds well-known theme parks the attendance of Ocean

Park is the sixteenth of the world and the fifths at Asia (TEAERA theme park

attractions attendance report 2007) Also Ocean Park is top ten tourist

attraction in Hong Kong (Top ten tourist attraction in Hong Kong 2009)

almost all tourists will visit Ocean Park At the same time Ocean Park won top

ten landmarks of Hong Kong election that was around hundred thousand primary

school students voting to obtainrsquo result (Hkheadlinecom 2008) Children will become

teenagers so we need to respect their opinion

Word-of-mouth is very importance in the theme park industry if something make the

customer dissatisfy they will tell that everyone who know and never come back again

Although the target of Ocean Park is all age people but the special event and innovative

facilities are proceeded at the park it is difficult to get into the older generationrsquo mind and

easily to attract teenagers because teenagers can quickly accept and attempt on the new

thing Also Ocean Park designs the special event to fulfil guestrsquo wants the study showed

that the ocean park can satisfy teenagers by holding the special event and encourage them

to revisit Ocean Park Finally the study can find out the advertisement of the special event

can attract teenagers attention If the special event can increase the teenage customer revisit

the park that can helpful to plan the future strategies

111 Objective

1 To analyse reason of that target group to visit Ocean Park

- 10 -

2 To investigate the advertisement of the special event can attract them

3 To study that target group think about Ocean Parkrsquos strategies vs their response

(really visit Ocean Park repeatedly because the special event)

12 Background of Ocean Park

Ocean Park integrates conservation education and entertainment into a unique guest

experiences They are committed to making a difference in conservation of the natural

environment Ocean Parkrsquo land granted by government and there was build donations from

The Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club and opened on 1977before opened Ocean Park

working capital was come from admission and Jockey Club support due to admission was

very low most of time were lose money in business On 1987 the government pass

through ldquoOcean Park Bylawrdquo from Jockey Club appropriate funds (two hundred million

Hong Kong dollars) to establish trust fund and Ocean Park can separated from Jockey

Club and became a non-profit organisation and to assume sole responsibility for its profits

or losses

Ocean Park is separate to two parts which is Lowland and Headland They are connect

with the cable car to each other Lowland have the ldquoKidrsquo Worldrdquo ndash lsquoDolphin Universityrsquo

and lsquoWhiskers Theatrersquo are teach children about the dolphin and sea lion et cetera and the

children can try low exciting rides in lsquoRides for Kidrsquo Also there are ldquoLowland Gardensrdquo ndash

lsquoSky Fairrsquo is the new attraction and lsquoPanda Habitatrsquo has a pair member living there who is

Le Le and Ying Ying but other attractions of ldquoLowland Gardensrdquo are closed because the

redevelopment plan is operated

On the other hand Headland including ldquoMarina landrdquo ldquoHeadlands Ridesrdquo and ldquoAdventure

Landrdquo ldquoMarina landrdquo have many marina creature are showed In lsquoAtoll Reefrsquo more than

- 11 -

1500 fishes including sharks stingray deep-sea fishes and tropical fishes lsquoSea Jelly

Spectacularrsquo has more than a hundred sea jellies of any size and shape different colour of

lighting music special effects to enhance the guestrsquo experience Dolphins and sea lions

will perform the show in lsquoOcean Theatrersquo Ocean Park also has the exciting rides in

ldquoHeadlands Ridesrdquo and ldquoAdventure Landrdquo to offer the rides to the guest to play Roller

coasters have lsquoThe Dragonrsquo and lsquoMine Trainrsquo latest exciting ride is lsquoThe Abyss Turbo

Droprsquo guest can straight down in free fall Design seems pirate shiprsquos lsquoCrazy Galleonrsquo can

swing about seventy-five degree to quite a swell Also there are other attractions are very

stimulating lsquoOcean Park Escalatorrsquo is connecting ldquoAdventure Landrdquo and other entrances -

Tai Shue Wan Entrances which is the worlds second longest outdoor escalator

Due to Ocean Park are established over thirty years there are cannot lackrsquo landmark

(Ofwhk 2007) Ocean Park is deemed a ldquomust-seerdquo attraction to the tourist and everyone

from Hong Kong has a great Ocean Park memory In the value-added programmes and the

strategic timing of the Ocean Park ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual events became major drivers towards

their record-topping which is Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta Animal Month in Easter

Summer Splash in summer Ocean Park Halloween Bash in October and Christmas

Sensation in December

Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta ndash provide the wonderful celebrate program to make the

guest affected by fully traditions atmosphere and enjoy a variety and happy festivities

Easterrsquos Animal Month ndash Ocean Park had innovate unforgettable interesting and

instructive program to touch with the natural and rare animals they can learn how to care

for an animals

Summer Splash in summer ndash to join the stimulation movementrsquo Summer Splash the guest

can enjoy a variety of novel interaction water game and performance

- 12 -

Ocean Park Halloween Bash ndash Ocean Park brought the guest into the scare project

including diversiform Haunted Houses sense organs indistinct world and many witch

mummies vampires and devil suddenly appear in front of them and pumpkin spiders

skeletons adornment around there to frightened the guest

Christmas Sensation in December ndash coveted and unique white Christmas were emerge

from Ocean Park there were provide ice-skating performance Santa Claus and Christmas

tree available to take a photo

Most of event a host near a Tai Shue Wan Entrances because there are a big place can

build diversiform building and easy to control the guest flow

Before they succeeded to confront Hong Kong Disneyland are opened Tung Chee Hwa -

first elected Chief Executive of Hong Kong was invite ldquoFather of Lan Kwai Fongrdquo - Allan

Zeman to become a chairman of Ocean Park exploit his experience to increase Ocean

Parkrsquo competitiveness Allan Zeman announce that Ocean Park are proceed to renew

project including build three hotels entertainment facilities will increase to seventy and

introduced variety animal The new Ocean Park will separate two main areas would be

renamed ldquoThe Waterfrontrdquo (Lowland) and ldquoThe Summitrdquo (Headland)

- 13 -

Chapter 2

Literature Review

This study is investigate the teenagers customer repeated visits Ocean Park because the

special event

21 Consumer Behavior

The study of consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend

their available resources (time money effort) on consumption-related items (Schiffman

and Kanuk 1997 cited in Abdallat 2007) Consumer behavior is a study of the processes

involved when individuals or groups select purchase use or dispose of products

services ideas or experiences to satisfy needs and desires (ABDALLAT 2007)

211 Customer Loyalty

Griffin (2002) has identified two dovetailing events have dramatically expanded how

companies pursue customer loyalty First of all the widespread use of the Internet has

changed the relationship between customer expectations of construction work No longer

is marketing and sales information simply pushed toward the customer Now a company

must also allow customer to pull the marketing information they want when they want it

and complete the purchase process on their terms Second technology breakthroughs

especially in the area of knowledge management offer new and innovative ways to

nature customer relationships Present companyrsquos ability to prosper depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points ability to thrive depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points of customer contact e-mail

telephone fax websitehellip

- 14 -

2111 How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps

Wuorio (2007) identifies it is important to understand how to build a base of

customers who return to your business time and again The following were seven ideas

and strategies to consider

1 Repeat customers cost less than new ones Its less expensive to bring existing

customers back than to attract new ones Consider the expense of advertising

marketing media and other tools necessary to lure new customers Also getting a new

customers attention can often be a matter of timing

2 Repeat customers are walking billboards If a customer comes back to your

business chances are quite good that the customer liked what they saw the first time

around And there are the opportunities they going to spread the wordmdashpublicity that

comes free of charge to you

3 To build repeat customers be consistent A solid base of repeat customers might

seem little more than a matter of providing excellent service or products But

excellence cannot be a hit or miss propositionmdashrepeat customers return because their

experience is consistently solid

4 Hire the right people Since your employees are on the front lines their demeanor

and interaction with clients can cement relationships that bring customers back to your

business

5 Know your customers well Its hard to build repeat business if you dont know what

your customers value

- 15 -

6 Keep it personal A repeat customer what is someone you need to know Nurture

that by keeping your relationship as personal as possible Such as get to know

customers the name

7 Stay in contact Through customersrsquo blog newsletter or some other vehicle that

affords ongoing communication to encourage repeat business by keep in touch

2112 Relationships between Trust Commitment and Customer Loyalty

The proposed research model is underlying hypothesized relationships among trust

commitment and customer loyalty (Figure 211)

ldquoTrust is the goodwill to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence

(Moorman and Zaltman 1993 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007) Commitment is defined

asldquoan enduring desire to maintain a valued relationshiprdquo (Moorman et al 1992 cited

in Prasarnphanich 2007) ldquoCustomer Loyalty is two major approaches for evaluate

loyalty the behavioral approach and the cognitive approach The traditional

behavioral approach includes such measures as large proportion of purchase purchase

sequence and probability of purchase The customer loyalty construct in this study

refers to two components repurchase behavior and loyalty consequences (Dick and

Basu 1994 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007)Attitude toward a brand is a determinant of

repeat purchases which in turn results in several loyalty consequences (positive

word-of-mouth search motivation and resistance to counter persuasion)rdquo

(Prasarnphanich 2007 p232)

- 16 -

Figure 211 Research Model (Prasarnphanich 2007)

2113Repeat visitors are importance

REED (2007) believes if noticing that the majority of your users are first time-visitors

and then may be doing something wrong A successful company will have a large

number of repeat visitors or people that know about your site and wish to return on a

regular basis If people are visiting and not returning these need to turn things around

if want the company to succeed

Always consider repeat visitors the foundation of the company Once these have a

good number of repeat visitors and it have something to build on ndash the company can

continue to work on attracting new members now confident that these have a

community people want to return to time and time again

- 17 -

212 Motivation

2121 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory

In 1954 Maslow first published Motivation and Personality which introduced his

theory about how people satisfy various personal needs in the context of their work

Gawel (1997) state that Maslow postulated based on his observations as a humanistic

psychologist there is a general pattern of needs recognition and satisfaction that

people follow in generally the same sequence He also theorized that a person could

not recognize or pursue the next higher need in the hierarchy until her or his currently

recognized need was substantially or completely satisfied a concept called

prepotency

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe Maslowrsquos was a psychologist who proposed that

within every person is a hierarchy of five needs

1 Physiological needs Food drink shelter sex and physical requirements

2 Safety needs Security and protection from physical and emotional harm as well

as assurance that physical needs will continue to be met

3 Social needs Affection belongingness acceptance and friendship

4 Esteem needs Internal esteem factors such as self-respect autonomy and

achievement and external esteem factors such as status recognition and attention

5 Self-actualization needs Growth achieving onersquos potential and self-fulfillment

the drive to become what one is capable of becoming

- 18 -

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe that the theory proposed that although no need is

ever fully satisfied a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates an individual to

satisfy that need Therefore understand what need level that person is on in the

hierarchy and focus on satisfying needs at or above that level can motivate them

In addition Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower levels

Physiological and safety needs were considered lower-order needs social esteem and

self-actualization were considered higher-order needs The difference was that

higher-order needs are satisfy internally while lower-order needs are predominantly

satisfied externally (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

- 19 -

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

Howard and Sheth (1969) proposed that the core of model is explained the purchase

behavior of the ldquobrandrdquo and not to fuss about the frequency and quantity of purchase

The point is the consumer buying behavior there are some factors to consider which is

ldquoinputsrdquo ldquoPerceptual Constructs and Learning Constructsrdquo and ldquoOutputrdquo (MBA lib

2009)

Abdallat and Ng et al (2007) both believe Howard-Sheth Model explains the

consumers choose the brand behavior and through the study of consumer buying

behavior there are three type of purchase decision making

The first level describes the extensive problem solving At this level the consumer does

not have any basic information or knowledge about the specific brand and he does not

have any preferences for any product In this situation the consumer will seek

information about all the different brands in the market and use more time before

purchasing

The second level is limited problem solving This situation exists for consumers who

have little knowledge about the market or limited knowledge about what they want to

purchase For arrive at a brand preference some comparative brand information is

searched

The third level is a habitual response behavior In this level the consumer knows very

well about the different brands and he can differentiate between the different

characteristics of each product they would not collect the information and evaluation

other brand and he already decides to purchase a particular product According to the

Howard-Sheth model there are four major sets of variables which is Input Perceptual

- 20 -

and Learning Constructs Outputs and Exogenous (External) variables (Abdallat and

Ng et al 2007)

2123 Push and Pull Factors

The lsquolsquoPushndashPullrsquorsquo framework has been utilised by a number of studies to assess the

range of attributes that motivate the desire to go on holiday and the destination choice

Push factors are socialndashpsychological factors that motivate the individual to travel and

the pull factors are qualities of destinations that attract the tourist such as

infrastructure or cultural attractions Of the ten lsquolsquoPushndash Pullrsquorsquo studies reviewed by

Klenosky (2002 cited in Hamilton Maddison and Tola 2004) none explicitly

included origin climate or destination climate as push and pull factors respectively

Nevertheless in his study lsquolsquowarm climatersquorsquo appears as a pull factor and was found to

be important for those interested in relaxing and in getting a suntan However climate

did not make it into the seven most important factors from a group of 53 pull factors

selected using factor analysis by Yuan and MacDonald (1990 cited in Hamilton

Maddison and Tola 2004)

22 Special Event

Events can be classified according to the kinds of activity on which they are based Most

are classified as based on sport the art other entertainments the heritage or food and

drink Events can also be grouped according to their size usually measured by the number

of people who attend (Roberts 2004)

- 21 -

221 Theory of Special Event

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

222 Timing

The planning period is typically the longest period of time in the event management

process Historically this has been due to disorganisation Disorganisation is best

characterized by frequent change resulting from substitutions additions or even

deletions due to poor research and design (Goldblatt 2005)

ldquoThe first question that many event managers ask the clients is When would you like to

schedule the event The answer to that question tells you how much time you have to

prepare Often that timetable may seem incredibly short

The length of time available for planning and for planning and for actual production will

dramatically affect the cost and sometimes the success of the event Equally important

as you discovered earlier is how you use your time The Greek philosopher

- 22 -

Theophrastus said ldquoTime is the most valuable thing a human can spendrdquo (Goldblatt

2002 p50) Allocate the billable time to follow the five phases of the event process

research design planning coordination and evaluation By paying careful attention to

the research and design phase you will be able to budget the time more precisely This is

particularly true for the event itself Planning the time of an event is as important as

managing your planning time (Goldblatt 2005)

223 Promotion

Goldblatt (2005) believe the best-quality event product but unless it have a strategic

plan for promoting this product it will remain the best kept secret in the world Even

large such as Olympic Game requires well-developed promotion strategies to achieve

the success they require

The promotion strategy to identify for the event requires a careful study of past or

comparable efforts expert guidance from people who have specific expertise in this field

and most important setting benchmarks for specific measurement of the individual

promotion activities

ldquoThere are a variety of ways to measure promotion efforts First you may measure

awareness by your target market Anticipation of the event may be tantamount to

ultimate participation Next you many measure actual attendance and the resulting

investment Finally you may measure the post event attitude of the event promotional

activityrdquo (Goldblatt 2005 p254)

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 9: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 9 -

Chapter 1

Introduction

11 Background

Ocean Park is one of the worlds well-known theme parks the attendance of Ocean

Park is the sixteenth of the world and the fifths at Asia (TEAERA theme park

attractions attendance report 2007) Also Ocean Park is top ten tourist

attraction in Hong Kong (Top ten tourist attraction in Hong Kong 2009)

almost all tourists will visit Ocean Park At the same time Ocean Park won top

ten landmarks of Hong Kong election that was around hundred thousand primary

school students voting to obtainrsquo result (Hkheadlinecom 2008) Children will become

teenagers so we need to respect their opinion

Word-of-mouth is very importance in the theme park industry if something make the

customer dissatisfy they will tell that everyone who know and never come back again

Although the target of Ocean Park is all age people but the special event and innovative

facilities are proceeded at the park it is difficult to get into the older generationrsquo mind and

easily to attract teenagers because teenagers can quickly accept and attempt on the new

thing Also Ocean Park designs the special event to fulfil guestrsquo wants the study showed

that the ocean park can satisfy teenagers by holding the special event and encourage them

to revisit Ocean Park Finally the study can find out the advertisement of the special event

can attract teenagers attention If the special event can increase the teenage customer revisit

the park that can helpful to plan the future strategies

111 Objective

1 To analyse reason of that target group to visit Ocean Park

- 10 -

2 To investigate the advertisement of the special event can attract them

3 To study that target group think about Ocean Parkrsquos strategies vs their response

(really visit Ocean Park repeatedly because the special event)

12 Background of Ocean Park

Ocean Park integrates conservation education and entertainment into a unique guest

experiences They are committed to making a difference in conservation of the natural

environment Ocean Parkrsquo land granted by government and there was build donations from

The Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club and opened on 1977before opened Ocean Park

working capital was come from admission and Jockey Club support due to admission was

very low most of time were lose money in business On 1987 the government pass

through ldquoOcean Park Bylawrdquo from Jockey Club appropriate funds (two hundred million

Hong Kong dollars) to establish trust fund and Ocean Park can separated from Jockey

Club and became a non-profit organisation and to assume sole responsibility for its profits

or losses

Ocean Park is separate to two parts which is Lowland and Headland They are connect

with the cable car to each other Lowland have the ldquoKidrsquo Worldrdquo ndash lsquoDolphin Universityrsquo

and lsquoWhiskers Theatrersquo are teach children about the dolphin and sea lion et cetera and the

children can try low exciting rides in lsquoRides for Kidrsquo Also there are ldquoLowland Gardensrdquo ndash

lsquoSky Fairrsquo is the new attraction and lsquoPanda Habitatrsquo has a pair member living there who is

Le Le and Ying Ying but other attractions of ldquoLowland Gardensrdquo are closed because the

redevelopment plan is operated

On the other hand Headland including ldquoMarina landrdquo ldquoHeadlands Ridesrdquo and ldquoAdventure

Landrdquo ldquoMarina landrdquo have many marina creature are showed In lsquoAtoll Reefrsquo more than

- 11 -

1500 fishes including sharks stingray deep-sea fishes and tropical fishes lsquoSea Jelly

Spectacularrsquo has more than a hundred sea jellies of any size and shape different colour of

lighting music special effects to enhance the guestrsquo experience Dolphins and sea lions

will perform the show in lsquoOcean Theatrersquo Ocean Park also has the exciting rides in

ldquoHeadlands Ridesrdquo and ldquoAdventure Landrdquo to offer the rides to the guest to play Roller

coasters have lsquoThe Dragonrsquo and lsquoMine Trainrsquo latest exciting ride is lsquoThe Abyss Turbo

Droprsquo guest can straight down in free fall Design seems pirate shiprsquos lsquoCrazy Galleonrsquo can

swing about seventy-five degree to quite a swell Also there are other attractions are very

stimulating lsquoOcean Park Escalatorrsquo is connecting ldquoAdventure Landrdquo and other entrances -

Tai Shue Wan Entrances which is the worlds second longest outdoor escalator

Due to Ocean Park are established over thirty years there are cannot lackrsquo landmark

(Ofwhk 2007) Ocean Park is deemed a ldquomust-seerdquo attraction to the tourist and everyone

from Hong Kong has a great Ocean Park memory In the value-added programmes and the

strategic timing of the Ocean Park ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual events became major drivers towards

their record-topping which is Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta Animal Month in Easter

Summer Splash in summer Ocean Park Halloween Bash in October and Christmas

Sensation in December

Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta ndash provide the wonderful celebrate program to make the

guest affected by fully traditions atmosphere and enjoy a variety and happy festivities

Easterrsquos Animal Month ndash Ocean Park had innovate unforgettable interesting and

instructive program to touch with the natural and rare animals they can learn how to care

for an animals

Summer Splash in summer ndash to join the stimulation movementrsquo Summer Splash the guest

can enjoy a variety of novel interaction water game and performance

- 12 -

Ocean Park Halloween Bash ndash Ocean Park brought the guest into the scare project

including diversiform Haunted Houses sense organs indistinct world and many witch

mummies vampires and devil suddenly appear in front of them and pumpkin spiders

skeletons adornment around there to frightened the guest

Christmas Sensation in December ndash coveted and unique white Christmas were emerge

from Ocean Park there were provide ice-skating performance Santa Claus and Christmas

tree available to take a photo

Most of event a host near a Tai Shue Wan Entrances because there are a big place can

build diversiform building and easy to control the guest flow

Before they succeeded to confront Hong Kong Disneyland are opened Tung Chee Hwa -

first elected Chief Executive of Hong Kong was invite ldquoFather of Lan Kwai Fongrdquo - Allan

Zeman to become a chairman of Ocean Park exploit his experience to increase Ocean

Parkrsquo competitiveness Allan Zeman announce that Ocean Park are proceed to renew

project including build three hotels entertainment facilities will increase to seventy and

introduced variety animal The new Ocean Park will separate two main areas would be

renamed ldquoThe Waterfrontrdquo (Lowland) and ldquoThe Summitrdquo (Headland)

- 13 -

Chapter 2

Literature Review

This study is investigate the teenagers customer repeated visits Ocean Park because the

special event

21 Consumer Behavior

The study of consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend

their available resources (time money effort) on consumption-related items (Schiffman

and Kanuk 1997 cited in Abdallat 2007) Consumer behavior is a study of the processes

involved when individuals or groups select purchase use or dispose of products

services ideas or experiences to satisfy needs and desires (ABDALLAT 2007)

211 Customer Loyalty

Griffin (2002) has identified two dovetailing events have dramatically expanded how

companies pursue customer loyalty First of all the widespread use of the Internet has

changed the relationship between customer expectations of construction work No longer

is marketing and sales information simply pushed toward the customer Now a company

must also allow customer to pull the marketing information they want when they want it

and complete the purchase process on their terms Second technology breakthroughs

especially in the area of knowledge management offer new and innovative ways to

nature customer relationships Present companyrsquos ability to prosper depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points ability to thrive depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points of customer contact e-mail

telephone fax websitehellip

- 14 -

2111 How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps

Wuorio (2007) identifies it is important to understand how to build a base of

customers who return to your business time and again The following were seven ideas

and strategies to consider

1 Repeat customers cost less than new ones Its less expensive to bring existing

customers back than to attract new ones Consider the expense of advertising

marketing media and other tools necessary to lure new customers Also getting a new

customers attention can often be a matter of timing

2 Repeat customers are walking billboards If a customer comes back to your

business chances are quite good that the customer liked what they saw the first time

around And there are the opportunities they going to spread the wordmdashpublicity that

comes free of charge to you

3 To build repeat customers be consistent A solid base of repeat customers might

seem little more than a matter of providing excellent service or products But

excellence cannot be a hit or miss propositionmdashrepeat customers return because their

experience is consistently solid

4 Hire the right people Since your employees are on the front lines their demeanor

and interaction with clients can cement relationships that bring customers back to your

business

5 Know your customers well Its hard to build repeat business if you dont know what

your customers value

- 15 -

6 Keep it personal A repeat customer what is someone you need to know Nurture

that by keeping your relationship as personal as possible Such as get to know

customers the name

7 Stay in contact Through customersrsquo blog newsletter or some other vehicle that

affords ongoing communication to encourage repeat business by keep in touch

2112 Relationships between Trust Commitment and Customer Loyalty

The proposed research model is underlying hypothesized relationships among trust

commitment and customer loyalty (Figure 211)

ldquoTrust is the goodwill to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence

(Moorman and Zaltman 1993 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007) Commitment is defined

asldquoan enduring desire to maintain a valued relationshiprdquo (Moorman et al 1992 cited

in Prasarnphanich 2007) ldquoCustomer Loyalty is two major approaches for evaluate

loyalty the behavioral approach and the cognitive approach The traditional

behavioral approach includes such measures as large proportion of purchase purchase

sequence and probability of purchase The customer loyalty construct in this study

refers to two components repurchase behavior and loyalty consequences (Dick and

Basu 1994 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007)Attitude toward a brand is a determinant of

repeat purchases which in turn results in several loyalty consequences (positive

word-of-mouth search motivation and resistance to counter persuasion)rdquo

(Prasarnphanich 2007 p232)

- 16 -

Figure 211 Research Model (Prasarnphanich 2007)

2113Repeat visitors are importance

REED (2007) believes if noticing that the majority of your users are first time-visitors

and then may be doing something wrong A successful company will have a large

number of repeat visitors or people that know about your site and wish to return on a

regular basis If people are visiting and not returning these need to turn things around

if want the company to succeed

Always consider repeat visitors the foundation of the company Once these have a

good number of repeat visitors and it have something to build on ndash the company can

continue to work on attracting new members now confident that these have a

community people want to return to time and time again

- 17 -

212 Motivation

2121 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory

In 1954 Maslow first published Motivation and Personality which introduced his

theory about how people satisfy various personal needs in the context of their work

Gawel (1997) state that Maslow postulated based on his observations as a humanistic

psychologist there is a general pattern of needs recognition and satisfaction that

people follow in generally the same sequence He also theorized that a person could

not recognize or pursue the next higher need in the hierarchy until her or his currently

recognized need was substantially or completely satisfied a concept called

prepotency

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe Maslowrsquos was a psychologist who proposed that

within every person is a hierarchy of five needs

1 Physiological needs Food drink shelter sex and physical requirements

2 Safety needs Security and protection from physical and emotional harm as well

as assurance that physical needs will continue to be met

3 Social needs Affection belongingness acceptance and friendship

4 Esteem needs Internal esteem factors such as self-respect autonomy and

achievement and external esteem factors such as status recognition and attention

5 Self-actualization needs Growth achieving onersquos potential and self-fulfillment

the drive to become what one is capable of becoming

- 18 -

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe that the theory proposed that although no need is

ever fully satisfied a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates an individual to

satisfy that need Therefore understand what need level that person is on in the

hierarchy and focus on satisfying needs at or above that level can motivate them

In addition Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower levels

Physiological and safety needs were considered lower-order needs social esteem and

self-actualization were considered higher-order needs The difference was that

higher-order needs are satisfy internally while lower-order needs are predominantly

satisfied externally (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

- 19 -

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

Howard and Sheth (1969) proposed that the core of model is explained the purchase

behavior of the ldquobrandrdquo and not to fuss about the frequency and quantity of purchase

The point is the consumer buying behavior there are some factors to consider which is

ldquoinputsrdquo ldquoPerceptual Constructs and Learning Constructsrdquo and ldquoOutputrdquo (MBA lib

2009)

Abdallat and Ng et al (2007) both believe Howard-Sheth Model explains the

consumers choose the brand behavior and through the study of consumer buying

behavior there are three type of purchase decision making

The first level describes the extensive problem solving At this level the consumer does

not have any basic information or knowledge about the specific brand and he does not

have any preferences for any product In this situation the consumer will seek

information about all the different brands in the market and use more time before

purchasing

The second level is limited problem solving This situation exists for consumers who

have little knowledge about the market or limited knowledge about what they want to

purchase For arrive at a brand preference some comparative brand information is

searched

The third level is a habitual response behavior In this level the consumer knows very

well about the different brands and he can differentiate between the different

characteristics of each product they would not collect the information and evaluation

other brand and he already decides to purchase a particular product According to the

Howard-Sheth model there are four major sets of variables which is Input Perceptual

- 20 -

and Learning Constructs Outputs and Exogenous (External) variables (Abdallat and

Ng et al 2007)

2123 Push and Pull Factors

The lsquolsquoPushndashPullrsquorsquo framework has been utilised by a number of studies to assess the

range of attributes that motivate the desire to go on holiday and the destination choice

Push factors are socialndashpsychological factors that motivate the individual to travel and

the pull factors are qualities of destinations that attract the tourist such as

infrastructure or cultural attractions Of the ten lsquolsquoPushndash Pullrsquorsquo studies reviewed by

Klenosky (2002 cited in Hamilton Maddison and Tola 2004) none explicitly

included origin climate or destination climate as push and pull factors respectively

Nevertheless in his study lsquolsquowarm climatersquorsquo appears as a pull factor and was found to

be important for those interested in relaxing and in getting a suntan However climate

did not make it into the seven most important factors from a group of 53 pull factors

selected using factor analysis by Yuan and MacDonald (1990 cited in Hamilton

Maddison and Tola 2004)

22 Special Event

Events can be classified according to the kinds of activity on which they are based Most

are classified as based on sport the art other entertainments the heritage or food and

drink Events can also be grouped according to their size usually measured by the number

of people who attend (Roberts 2004)

- 21 -

221 Theory of Special Event

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

222 Timing

The planning period is typically the longest period of time in the event management

process Historically this has been due to disorganisation Disorganisation is best

characterized by frequent change resulting from substitutions additions or even

deletions due to poor research and design (Goldblatt 2005)

ldquoThe first question that many event managers ask the clients is When would you like to

schedule the event The answer to that question tells you how much time you have to

prepare Often that timetable may seem incredibly short

The length of time available for planning and for planning and for actual production will

dramatically affect the cost and sometimes the success of the event Equally important

as you discovered earlier is how you use your time The Greek philosopher

- 22 -

Theophrastus said ldquoTime is the most valuable thing a human can spendrdquo (Goldblatt

2002 p50) Allocate the billable time to follow the five phases of the event process

research design planning coordination and evaluation By paying careful attention to

the research and design phase you will be able to budget the time more precisely This is

particularly true for the event itself Planning the time of an event is as important as

managing your planning time (Goldblatt 2005)

223 Promotion

Goldblatt (2005) believe the best-quality event product but unless it have a strategic

plan for promoting this product it will remain the best kept secret in the world Even

large such as Olympic Game requires well-developed promotion strategies to achieve

the success they require

The promotion strategy to identify for the event requires a careful study of past or

comparable efforts expert guidance from people who have specific expertise in this field

and most important setting benchmarks for specific measurement of the individual

promotion activities

ldquoThere are a variety of ways to measure promotion efforts First you may measure

awareness by your target market Anticipation of the event may be tantamount to

ultimate participation Next you many measure actual attendance and the resulting

investment Finally you may measure the post event attitude of the event promotional

activityrdquo (Goldblatt 2005 p254)

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 10: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 10 -

2 To investigate the advertisement of the special event can attract them

3 To study that target group think about Ocean Parkrsquos strategies vs their response

(really visit Ocean Park repeatedly because the special event)

12 Background of Ocean Park

Ocean Park integrates conservation education and entertainment into a unique guest

experiences They are committed to making a difference in conservation of the natural

environment Ocean Parkrsquo land granted by government and there was build donations from

The Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club and opened on 1977before opened Ocean Park

working capital was come from admission and Jockey Club support due to admission was

very low most of time were lose money in business On 1987 the government pass

through ldquoOcean Park Bylawrdquo from Jockey Club appropriate funds (two hundred million

Hong Kong dollars) to establish trust fund and Ocean Park can separated from Jockey

Club and became a non-profit organisation and to assume sole responsibility for its profits

or losses

Ocean Park is separate to two parts which is Lowland and Headland They are connect

with the cable car to each other Lowland have the ldquoKidrsquo Worldrdquo ndash lsquoDolphin Universityrsquo

and lsquoWhiskers Theatrersquo are teach children about the dolphin and sea lion et cetera and the

children can try low exciting rides in lsquoRides for Kidrsquo Also there are ldquoLowland Gardensrdquo ndash

lsquoSky Fairrsquo is the new attraction and lsquoPanda Habitatrsquo has a pair member living there who is

Le Le and Ying Ying but other attractions of ldquoLowland Gardensrdquo are closed because the

redevelopment plan is operated

On the other hand Headland including ldquoMarina landrdquo ldquoHeadlands Ridesrdquo and ldquoAdventure

Landrdquo ldquoMarina landrdquo have many marina creature are showed In lsquoAtoll Reefrsquo more than

- 11 -

1500 fishes including sharks stingray deep-sea fishes and tropical fishes lsquoSea Jelly

Spectacularrsquo has more than a hundred sea jellies of any size and shape different colour of

lighting music special effects to enhance the guestrsquo experience Dolphins and sea lions

will perform the show in lsquoOcean Theatrersquo Ocean Park also has the exciting rides in

ldquoHeadlands Ridesrdquo and ldquoAdventure Landrdquo to offer the rides to the guest to play Roller

coasters have lsquoThe Dragonrsquo and lsquoMine Trainrsquo latest exciting ride is lsquoThe Abyss Turbo

Droprsquo guest can straight down in free fall Design seems pirate shiprsquos lsquoCrazy Galleonrsquo can

swing about seventy-five degree to quite a swell Also there are other attractions are very

stimulating lsquoOcean Park Escalatorrsquo is connecting ldquoAdventure Landrdquo and other entrances -

Tai Shue Wan Entrances which is the worlds second longest outdoor escalator

Due to Ocean Park are established over thirty years there are cannot lackrsquo landmark

(Ofwhk 2007) Ocean Park is deemed a ldquomust-seerdquo attraction to the tourist and everyone

from Hong Kong has a great Ocean Park memory In the value-added programmes and the

strategic timing of the Ocean Park ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual events became major drivers towards

their record-topping which is Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta Animal Month in Easter

Summer Splash in summer Ocean Park Halloween Bash in October and Christmas

Sensation in December

Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta ndash provide the wonderful celebrate program to make the

guest affected by fully traditions atmosphere and enjoy a variety and happy festivities

Easterrsquos Animal Month ndash Ocean Park had innovate unforgettable interesting and

instructive program to touch with the natural and rare animals they can learn how to care

for an animals

Summer Splash in summer ndash to join the stimulation movementrsquo Summer Splash the guest

can enjoy a variety of novel interaction water game and performance

- 12 -

Ocean Park Halloween Bash ndash Ocean Park brought the guest into the scare project

including diversiform Haunted Houses sense organs indistinct world and many witch

mummies vampires and devil suddenly appear in front of them and pumpkin spiders

skeletons adornment around there to frightened the guest

Christmas Sensation in December ndash coveted and unique white Christmas were emerge

from Ocean Park there were provide ice-skating performance Santa Claus and Christmas

tree available to take a photo

Most of event a host near a Tai Shue Wan Entrances because there are a big place can

build diversiform building and easy to control the guest flow

Before they succeeded to confront Hong Kong Disneyland are opened Tung Chee Hwa -

first elected Chief Executive of Hong Kong was invite ldquoFather of Lan Kwai Fongrdquo - Allan

Zeman to become a chairman of Ocean Park exploit his experience to increase Ocean

Parkrsquo competitiveness Allan Zeman announce that Ocean Park are proceed to renew

project including build three hotels entertainment facilities will increase to seventy and

introduced variety animal The new Ocean Park will separate two main areas would be

renamed ldquoThe Waterfrontrdquo (Lowland) and ldquoThe Summitrdquo (Headland)

- 13 -

Chapter 2

Literature Review

This study is investigate the teenagers customer repeated visits Ocean Park because the

special event

21 Consumer Behavior

The study of consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend

their available resources (time money effort) on consumption-related items (Schiffman

and Kanuk 1997 cited in Abdallat 2007) Consumer behavior is a study of the processes

involved when individuals or groups select purchase use or dispose of products

services ideas or experiences to satisfy needs and desires (ABDALLAT 2007)

211 Customer Loyalty

Griffin (2002) has identified two dovetailing events have dramatically expanded how

companies pursue customer loyalty First of all the widespread use of the Internet has

changed the relationship between customer expectations of construction work No longer

is marketing and sales information simply pushed toward the customer Now a company

must also allow customer to pull the marketing information they want when they want it

and complete the purchase process on their terms Second technology breakthroughs

especially in the area of knowledge management offer new and innovative ways to

nature customer relationships Present companyrsquos ability to prosper depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points ability to thrive depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points of customer contact e-mail

telephone fax websitehellip

- 14 -

2111 How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps

Wuorio (2007) identifies it is important to understand how to build a base of

customers who return to your business time and again The following were seven ideas

and strategies to consider

1 Repeat customers cost less than new ones Its less expensive to bring existing

customers back than to attract new ones Consider the expense of advertising

marketing media and other tools necessary to lure new customers Also getting a new

customers attention can often be a matter of timing

2 Repeat customers are walking billboards If a customer comes back to your

business chances are quite good that the customer liked what they saw the first time

around And there are the opportunities they going to spread the wordmdashpublicity that

comes free of charge to you

3 To build repeat customers be consistent A solid base of repeat customers might

seem little more than a matter of providing excellent service or products But

excellence cannot be a hit or miss propositionmdashrepeat customers return because their

experience is consistently solid

4 Hire the right people Since your employees are on the front lines their demeanor

and interaction with clients can cement relationships that bring customers back to your

business

5 Know your customers well Its hard to build repeat business if you dont know what

your customers value

- 15 -

6 Keep it personal A repeat customer what is someone you need to know Nurture

that by keeping your relationship as personal as possible Such as get to know

customers the name

7 Stay in contact Through customersrsquo blog newsletter or some other vehicle that

affords ongoing communication to encourage repeat business by keep in touch

2112 Relationships between Trust Commitment and Customer Loyalty

The proposed research model is underlying hypothesized relationships among trust

commitment and customer loyalty (Figure 211)

ldquoTrust is the goodwill to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence

(Moorman and Zaltman 1993 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007) Commitment is defined

asldquoan enduring desire to maintain a valued relationshiprdquo (Moorman et al 1992 cited

in Prasarnphanich 2007) ldquoCustomer Loyalty is two major approaches for evaluate

loyalty the behavioral approach and the cognitive approach The traditional

behavioral approach includes such measures as large proportion of purchase purchase

sequence and probability of purchase The customer loyalty construct in this study

refers to two components repurchase behavior and loyalty consequences (Dick and

Basu 1994 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007)Attitude toward a brand is a determinant of

repeat purchases which in turn results in several loyalty consequences (positive

word-of-mouth search motivation and resistance to counter persuasion)rdquo

(Prasarnphanich 2007 p232)

- 16 -

Figure 211 Research Model (Prasarnphanich 2007)

2113Repeat visitors are importance

REED (2007) believes if noticing that the majority of your users are first time-visitors

and then may be doing something wrong A successful company will have a large

number of repeat visitors or people that know about your site and wish to return on a

regular basis If people are visiting and not returning these need to turn things around

if want the company to succeed

Always consider repeat visitors the foundation of the company Once these have a

good number of repeat visitors and it have something to build on ndash the company can

continue to work on attracting new members now confident that these have a

community people want to return to time and time again

- 17 -

212 Motivation

2121 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory

In 1954 Maslow first published Motivation and Personality which introduced his

theory about how people satisfy various personal needs in the context of their work

Gawel (1997) state that Maslow postulated based on his observations as a humanistic

psychologist there is a general pattern of needs recognition and satisfaction that

people follow in generally the same sequence He also theorized that a person could

not recognize or pursue the next higher need in the hierarchy until her or his currently

recognized need was substantially or completely satisfied a concept called

prepotency

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe Maslowrsquos was a psychologist who proposed that

within every person is a hierarchy of five needs

1 Physiological needs Food drink shelter sex and physical requirements

2 Safety needs Security and protection from physical and emotional harm as well

as assurance that physical needs will continue to be met

3 Social needs Affection belongingness acceptance and friendship

4 Esteem needs Internal esteem factors such as self-respect autonomy and

achievement and external esteem factors such as status recognition and attention

5 Self-actualization needs Growth achieving onersquos potential and self-fulfillment

the drive to become what one is capable of becoming

- 18 -

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe that the theory proposed that although no need is

ever fully satisfied a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates an individual to

satisfy that need Therefore understand what need level that person is on in the

hierarchy and focus on satisfying needs at or above that level can motivate them

In addition Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower levels

Physiological and safety needs were considered lower-order needs social esteem and

self-actualization were considered higher-order needs The difference was that

higher-order needs are satisfy internally while lower-order needs are predominantly

satisfied externally (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

- 19 -

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

Howard and Sheth (1969) proposed that the core of model is explained the purchase

behavior of the ldquobrandrdquo and not to fuss about the frequency and quantity of purchase

The point is the consumer buying behavior there are some factors to consider which is

ldquoinputsrdquo ldquoPerceptual Constructs and Learning Constructsrdquo and ldquoOutputrdquo (MBA lib

2009)

Abdallat and Ng et al (2007) both believe Howard-Sheth Model explains the

consumers choose the brand behavior and through the study of consumer buying

behavior there are three type of purchase decision making

The first level describes the extensive problem solving At this level the consumer does

not have any basic information or knowledge about the specific brand and he does not

have any preferences for any product In this situation the consumer will seek

information about all the different brands in the market and use more time before

purchasing

The second level is limited problem solving This situation exists for consumers who

have little knowledge about the market or limited knowledge about what they want to

purchase For arrive at a brand preference some comparative brand information is

searched

The third level is a habitual response behavior In this level the consumer knows very

well about the different brands and he can differentiate between the different

characteristics of each product they would not collect the information and evaluation

other brand and he already decides to purchase a particular product According to the

Howard-Sheth model there are four major sets of variables which is Input Perceptual

- 20 -

and Learning Constructs Outputs and Exogenous (External) variables (Abdallat and

Ng et al 2007)

2123 Push and Pull Factors

The lsquolsquoPushndashPullrsquorsquo framework has been utilised by a number of studies to assess the

range of attributes that motivate the desire to go on holiday and the destination choice

Push factors are socialndashpsychological factors that motivate the individual to travel and

the pull factors are qualities of destinations that attract the tourist such as

infrastructure or cultural attractions Of the ten lsquolsquoPushndash Pullrsquorsquo studies reviewed by

Klenosky (2002 cited in Hamilton Maddison and Tola 2004) none explicitly

included origin climate or destination climate as push and pull factors respectively

Nevertheless in his study lsquolsquowarm climatersquorsquo appears as a pull factor and was found to

be important for those interested in relaxing and in getting a suntan However climate

did not make it into the seven most important factors from a group of 53 pull factors

selected using factor analysis by Yuan and MacDonald (1990 cited in Hamilton

Maddison and Tola 2004)

22 Special Event

Events can be classified according to the kinds of activity on which they are based Most

are classified as based on sport the art other entertainments the heritage or food and

drink Events can also be grouped according to their size usually measured by the number

of people who attend (Roberts 2004)

- 21 -

221 Theory of Special Event

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

222 Timing

The planning period is typically the longest period of time in the event management

process Historically this has been due to disorganisation Disorganisation is best

characterized by frequent change resulting from substitutions additions or even

deletions due to poor research and design (Goldblatt 2005)

ldquoThe first question that many event managers ask the clients is When would you like to

schedule the event The answer to that question tells you how much time you have to

prepare Often that timetable may seem incredibly short

The length of time available for planning and for planning and for actual production will

dramatically affect the cost and sometimes the success of the event Equally important

as you discovered earlier is how you use your time The Greek philosopher

- 22 -

Theophrastus said ldquoTime is the most valuable thing a human can spendrdquo (Goldblatt

2002 p50) Allocate the billable time to follow the five phases of the event process

research design planning coordination and evaluation By paying careful attention to

the research and design phase you will be able to budget the time more precisely This is

particularly true for the event itself Planning the time of an event is as important as

managing your planning time (Goldblatt 2005)

223 Promotion

Goldblatt (2005) believe the best-quality event product but unless it have a strategic

plan for promoting this product it will remain the best kept secret in the world Even

large such as Olympic Game requires well-developed promotion strategies to achieve

the success they require

The promotion strategy to identify for the event requires a careful study of past or

comparable efforts expert guidance from people who have specific expertise in this field

and most important setting benchmarks for specific measurement of the individual

promotion activities

ldquoThere are a variety of ways to measure promotion efforts First you may measure

awareness by your target market Anticipation of the event may be tantamount to

ultimate participation Next you many measure actual attendance and the resulting

investment Finally you may measure the post event attitude of the event promotional

activityrdquo (Goldblatt 2005 p254)

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 11: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 11 -

1500 fishes including sharks stingray deep-sea fishes and tropical fishes lsquoSea Jelly

Spectacularrsquo has more than a hundred sea jellies of any size and shape different colour of

lighting music special effects to enhance the guestrsquo experience Dolphins and sea lions

will perform the show in lsquoOcean Theatrersquo Ocean Park also has the exciting rides in

ldquoHeadlands Ridesrdquo and ldquoAdventure Landrdquo to offer the rides to the guest to play Roller

coasters have lsquoThe Dragonrsquo and lsquoMine Trainrsquo latest exciting ride is lsquoThe Abyss Turbo

Droprsquo guest can straight down in free fall Design seems pirate shiprsquos lsquoCrazy Galleonrsquo can

swing about seventy-five degree to quite a swell Also there are other attractions are very

stimulating lsquoOcean Park Escalatorrsquo is connecting ldquoAdventure Landrdquo and other entrances -

Tai Shue Wan Entrances which is the worlds second longest outdoor escalator

Due to Ocean Park are established over thirty years there are cannot lackrsquo landmark

(Ofwhk 2007) Ocean Park is deemed a ldquomust-seerdquo attraction to the tourist and everyone

from Hong Kong has a great Ocean Park memory In the value-added programmes and the

strategic timing of the Ocean Park ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual events became major drivers towards

their record-topping which is Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta Animal Month in Easter

Summer Splash in summer Ocean Park Halloween Bash in October and Christmas

Sensation in December

Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta ndash provide the wonderful celebrate program to make the

guest affected by fully traditions atmosphere and enjoy a variety and happy festivities

Easterrsquos Animal Month ndash Ocean Park had innovate unforgettable interesting and

instructive program to touch with the natural and rare animals they can learn how to care

for an animals

Summer Splash in summer ndash to join the stimulation movementrsquo Summer Splash the guest

can enjoy a variety of novel interaction water game and performance

- 12 -

Ocean Park Halloween Bash ndash Ocean Park brought the guest into the scare project

including diversiform Haunted Houses sense organs indistinct world and many witch

mummies vampires and devil suddenly appear in front of them and pumpkin spiders

skeletons adornment around there to frightened the guest

Christmas Sensation in December ndash coveted and unique white Christmas were emerge

from Ocean Park there were provide ice-skating performance Santa Claus and Christmas

tree available to take a photo

Most of event a host near a Tai Shue Wan Entrances because there are a big place can

build diversiform building and easy to control the guest flow

Before they succeeded to confront Hong Kong Disneyland are opened Tung Chee Hwa -

first elected Chief Executive of Hong Kong was invite ldquoFather of Lan Kwai Fongrdquo - Allan

Zeman to become a chairman of Ocean Park exploit his experience to increase Ocean

Parkrsquo competitiveness Allan Zeman announce that Ocean Park are proceed to renew

project including build three hotels entertainment facilities will increase to seventy and

introduced variety animal The new Ocean Park will separate two main areas would be

renamed ldquoThe Waterfrontrdquo (Lowland) and ldquoThe Summitrdquo (Headland)

- 13 -

Chapter 2

Literature Review

This study is investigate the teenagers customer repeated visits Ocean Park because the

special event

21 Consumer Behavior

The study of consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend

their available resources (time money effort) on consumption-related items (Schiffman

and Kanuk 1997 cited in Abdallat 2007) Consumer behavior is a study of the processes

involved when individuals or groups select purchase use or dispose of products

services ideas or experiences to satisfy needs and desires (ABDALLAT 2007)

211 Customer Loyalty

Griffin (2002) has identified two dovetailing events have dramatically expanded how

companies pursue customer loyalty First of all the widespread use of the Internet has

changed the relationship between customer expectations of construction work No longer

is marketing and sales information simply pushed toward the customer Now a company

must also allow customer to pull the marketing information they want when they want it

and complete the purchase process on their terms Second technology breakthroughs

especially in the area of knowledge management offer new and innovative ways to

nature customer relationships Present companyrsquos ability to prosper depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points ability to thrive depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points of customer contact e-mail

telephone fax websitehellip

- 14 -

2111 How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps

Wuorio (2007) identifies it is important to understand how to build a base of

customers who return to your business time and again The following were seven ideas

and strategies to consider

1 Repeat customers cost less than new ones Its less expensive to bring existing

customers back than to attract new ones Consider the expense of advertising

marketing media and other tools necessary to lure new customers Also getting a new

customers attention can often be a matter of timing

2 Repeat customers are walking billboards If a customer comes back to your

business chances are quite good that the customer liked what they saw the first time

around And there are the opportunities they going to spread the wordmdashpublicity that

comes free of charge to you

3 To build repeat customers be consistent A solid base of repeat customers might

seem little more than a matter of providing excellent service or products But

excellence cannot be a hit or miss propositionmdashrepeat customers return because their

experience is consistently solid

4 Hire the right people Since your employees are on the front lines their demeanor

and interaction with clients can cement relationships that bring customers back to your

business

5 Know your customers well Its hard to build repeat business if you dont know what

your customers value

- 15 -

6 Keep it personal A repeat customer what is someone you need to know Nurture

that by keeping your relationship as personal as possible Such as get to know

customers the name

7 Stay in contact Through customersrsquo blog newsletter or some other vehicle that

affords ongoing communication to encourage repeat business by keep in touch

2112 Relationships between Trust Commitment and Customer Loyalty

The proposed research model is underlying hypothesized relationships among trust

commitment and customer loyalty (Figure 211)

ldquoTrust is the goodwill to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence

(Moorman and Zaltman 1993 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007) Commitment is defined

asldquoan enduring desire to maintain a valued relationshiprdquo (Moorman et al 1992 cited

in Prasarnphanich 2007) ldquoCustomer Loyalty is two major approaches for evaluate

loyalty the behavioral approach and the cognitive approach The traditional

behavioral approach includes such measures as large proportion of purchase purchase

sequence and probability of purchase The customer loyalty construct in this study

refers to two components repurchase behavior and loyalty consequences (Dick and

Basu 1994 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007)Attitude toward a brand is a determinant of

repeat purchases which in turn results in several loyalty consequences (positive

word-of-mouth search motivation and resistance to counter persuasion)rdquo

(Prasarnphanich 2007 p232)

- 16 -

Figure 211 Research Model (Prasarnphanich 2007)

2113Repeat visitors are importance

REED (2007) believes if noticing that the majority of your users are first time-visitors

and then may be doing something wrong A successful company will have a large

number of repeat visitors or people that know about your site and wish to return on a

regular basis If people are visiting and not returning these need to turn things around

if want the company to succeed

Always consider repeat visitors the foundation of the company Once these have a

good number of repeat visitors and it have something to build on ndash the company can

continue to work on attracting new members now confident that these have a

community people want to return to time and time again

- 17 -

212 Motivation

2121 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory

In 1954 Maslow first published Motivation and Personality which introduced his

theory about how people satisfy various personal needs in the context of their work

Gawel (1997) state that Maslow postulated based on his observations as a humanistic

psychologist there is a general pattern of needs recognition and satisfaction that

people follow in generally the same sequence He also theorized that a person could

not recognize or pursue the next higher need in the hierarchy until her or his currently

recognized need was substantially or completely satisfied a concept called

prepotency

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe Maslowrsquos was a psychologist who proposed that

within every person is a hierarchy of five needs

1 Physiological needs Food drink shelter sex and physical requirements

2 Safety needs Security and protection from physical and emotional harm as well

as assurance that physical needs will continue to be met

3 Social needs Affection belongingness acceptance and friendship

4 Esteem needs Internal esteem factors such as self-respect autonomy and

achievement and external esteem factors such as status recognition and attention

5 Self-actualization needs Growth achieving onersquos potential and self-fulfillment

the drive to become what one is capable of becoming

- 18 -

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe that the theory proposed that although no need is

ever fully satisfied a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates an individual to

satisfy that need Therefore understand what need level that person is on in the

hierarchy and focus on satisfying needs at or above that level can motivate them

In addition Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower levels

Physiological and safety needs were considered lower-order needs social esteem and

self-actualization were considered higher-order needs The difference was that

higher-order needs are satisfy internally while lower-order needs are predominantly

satisfied externally (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

- 19 -

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

Howard and Sheth (1969) proposed that the core of model is explained the purchase

behavior of the ldquobrandrdquo and not to fuss about the frequency and quantity of purchase

The point is the consumer buying behavior there are some factors to consider which is

ldquoinputsrdquo ldquoPerceptual Constructs and Learning Constructsrdquo and ldquoOutputrdquo (MBA lib

2009)

Abdallat and Ng et al (2007) both believe Howard-Sheth Model explains the

consumers choose the brand behavior and through the study of consumer buying

behavior there are three type of purchase decision making

The first level describes the extensive problem solving At this level the consumer does

not have any basic information or knowledge about the specific brand and he does not

have any preferences for any product In this situation the consumer will seek

information about all the different brands in the market and use more time before

purchasing

The second level is limited problem solving This situation exists for consumers who

have little knowledge about the market or limited knowledge about what they want to

purchase For arrive at a brand preference some comparative brand information is

searched

The third level is a habitual response behavior In this level the consumer knows very

well about the different brands and he can differentiate between the different

characteristics of each product they would not collect the information and evaluation

other brand and he already decides to purchase a particular product According to the

Howard-Sheth model there are four major sets of variables which is Input Perceptual

- 20 -

and Learning Constructs Outputs and Exogenous (External) variables (Abdallat and

Ng et al 2007)

2123 Push and Pull Factors

The lsquolsquoPushndashPullrsquorsquo framework has been utilised by a number of studies to assess the

range of attributes that motivate the desire to go on holiday and the destination choice

Push factors are socialndashpsychological factors that motivate the individual to travel and

the pull factors are qualities of destinations that attract the tourist such as

infrastructure or cultural attractions Of the ten lsquolsquoPushndash Pullrsquorsquo studies reviewed by

Klenosky (2002 cited in Hamilton Maddison and Tola 2004) none explicitly

included origin climate or destination climate as push and pull factors respectively

Nevertheless in his study lsquolsquowarm climatersquorsquo appears as a pull factor and was found to

be important for those interested in relaxing and in getting a suntan However climate

did not make it into the seven most important factors from a group of 53 pull factors

selected using factor analysis by Yuan and MacDonald (1990 cited in Hamilton

Maddison and Tola 2004)

22 Special Event

Events can be classified according to the kinds of activity on which they are based Most

are classified as based on sport the art other entertainments the heritage or food and

drink Events can also be grouped according to their size usually measured by the number

of people who attend (Roberts 2004)

- 21 -

221 Theory of Special Event

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

222 Timing

The planning period is typically the longest period of time in the event management

process Historically this has been due to disorganisation Disorganisation is best

characterized by frequent change resulting from substitutions additions or even

deletions due to poor research and design (Goldblatt 2005)

ldquoThe first question that many event managers ask the clients is When would you like to

schedule the event The answer to that question tells you how much time you have to

prepare Often that timetable may seem incredibly short

The length of time available for planning and for planning and for actual production will

dramatically affect the cost and sometimes the success of the event Equally important

as you discovered earlier is how you use your time The Greek philosopher

- 22 -

Theophrastus said ldquoTime is the most valuable thing a human can spendrdquo (Goldblatt

2002 p50) Allocate the billable time to follow the five phases of the event process

research design planning coordination and evaluation By paying careful attention to

the research and design phase you will be able to budget the time more precisely This is

particularly true for the event itself Planning the time of an event is as important as

managing your planning time (Goldblatt 2005)

223 Promotion

Goldblatt (2005) believe the best-quality event product but unless it have a strategic

plan for promoting this product it will remain the best kept secret in the world Even

large such as Olympic Game requires well-developed promotion strategies to achieve

the success they require

The promotion strategy to identify for the event requires a careful study of past or

comparable efforts expert guidance from people who have specific expertise in this field

and most important setting benchmarks for specific measurement of the individual

promotion activities

ldquoThere are a variety of ways to measure promotion efforts First you may measure

awareness by your target market Anticipation of the event may be tantamount to

ultimate participation Next you many measure actual attendance and the resulting

investment Finally you may measure the post event attitude of the event promotional

activityrdquo (Goldblatt 2005 p254)

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 12: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 12 -

Ocean Park Halloween Bash ndash Ocean Park brought the guest into the scare project

including diversiform Haunted Houses sense organs indistinct world and many witch

mummies vampires and devil suddenly appear in front of them and pumpkin spiders

skeletons adornment around there to frightened the guest

Christmas Sensation in December ndash coveted and unique white Christmas were emerge

from Ocean Park there were provide ice-skating performance Santa Claus and Christmas

tree available to take a photo

Most of event a host near a Tai Shue Wan Entrances because there are a big place can

build diversiform building and easy to control the guest flow

Before they succeeded to confront Hong Kong Disneyland are opened Tung Chee Hwa -

first elected Chief Executive of Hong Kong was invite ldquoFather of Lan Kwai Fongrdquo - Allan

Zeman to become a chairman of Ocean Park exploit his experience to increase Ocean

Parkrsquo competitiveness Allan Zeman announce that Ocean Park are proceed to renew

project including build three hotels entertainment facilities will increase to seventy and

introduced variety animal The new Ocean Park will separate two main areas would be

renamed ldquoThe Waterfrontrdquo (Lowland) and ldquoThe Summitrdquo (Headland)

- 13 -

Chapter 2

Literature Review

This study is investigate the teenagers customer repeated visits Ocean Park because the

special event

21 Consumer Behavior

The study of consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend

their available resources (time money effort) on consumption-related items (Schiffman

and Kanuk 1997 cited in Abdallat 2007) Consumer behavior is a study of the processes

involved when individuals or groups select purchase use or dispose of products

services ideas or experiences to satisfy needs and desires (ABDALLAT 2007)

211 Customer Loyalty

Griffin (2002) has identified two dovetailing events have dramatically expanded how

companies pursue customer loyalty First of all the widespread use of the Internet has

changed the relationship between customer expectations of construction work No longer

is marketing and sales information simply pushed toward the customer Now a company

must also allow customer to pull the marketing information they want when they want it

and complete the purchase process on their terms Second technology breakthroughs

especially in the area of knowledge management offer new and innovative ways to

nature customer relationships Present companyrsquos ability to prosper depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points ability to thrive depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points of customer contact e-mail

telephone fax websitehellip

- 14 -

2111 How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps

Wuorio (2007) identifies it is important to understand how to build a base of

customers who return to your business time and again The following were seven ideas

and strategies to consider

1 Repeat customers cost less than new ones Its less expensive to bring existing

customers back than to attract new ones Consider the expense of advertising

marketing media and other tools necessary to lure new customers Also getting a new

customers attention can often be a matter of timing

2 Repeat customers are walking billboards If a customer comes back to your

business chances are quite good that the customer liked what they saw the first time

around And there are the opportunities they going to spread the wordmdashpublicity that

comes free of charge to you

3 To build repeat customers be consistent A solid base of repeat customers might

seem little more than a matter of providing excellent service or products But

excellence cannot be a hit or miss propositionmdashrepeat customers return because their

experience is consistently solid

4 Hire the right people Since your employees are on the front lines their demeanor

and interaction with clients can cement relationships that bring customers back to your

business

5 Know your customers well Its hard to build repeat business if you dont know what

your customers value

- 15 -

6 Keep it personal A repeat customer what is someone you need to know Nurture

that by keeping your relationship as personal as possible Such as get to know

customers the name

7 Stay in contact Through customersrsquo blog newsletter or some other vehicle that

affords ongoing communication to encourage repeat business by keep in touch

2112 Relationships between Trust Commitment and Customer Loyalty

The proposed research model is underlying hypothesized relationships among trust

commitment and customer loyalty (Figure 211)

ldquoTrust is the goodwill to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence

(Moorman and Zaltman 1993 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007) Commitment is defined

asldquoan enduring desire to maintain a valued relationshiprdquo (Moorman et al 1992 cited

in Prasarnphanich 2007) ldquoCustomer Loyalty is two major approaches for evaluate

loyalty the behavioral approach and the cognitive approach The traditional

behavioral approach includes such measures as large proportion of purchase purchase

sequence and probability of purchase The customer loyalty construct in this study

refers to two components repurchase behavior and loyalty consequences (Dick and

Basu 1994 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007)Attitude toward a brand is a determinant of

repeat purchases which in turn results in several loyalty consequences (positive

word-of-mouth search motivation and resistance to counter persuasion)rdquo

(Prasarnphanich 2007 p232)

- 16 -

Figure 211 Research Model (Prasarnphanich 2007)

2113Repeat visitors are importance

REED (2007) believes if noticing that the majority of your users are first time-visitors

and then may be doing something wrong A successful company will have a large

number of repeat visitors or people that know about your site and wish to return on a

regular basis If people are visiting and not returning these need to turn things around

if want the company to succeed

Always consider repeat visitors the foundation of the company Once these have a

good number of repeat visitors and it have something to build on ndash the company can

continue to work on attracting new members now confident that these have a

community people want to return to time and time again

- 17 -

212 Motivation

2121 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory

In 1954 Maslow first published Motivation and Personality which introduced his

theory about how people satisfy various personal needs in the context of their work

Gawel (1997) state that Maslow postulated based on his observations as a humanistic

psychologist there is a general pattern of needs recognition and satisfaction that

people follow in generally the same sequence He also theorized that a person could

not recognize or pursue the next higher need in the hierarchy until her or his currently

recognized need was substantially or completely satisfied a concept called

prepotency

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe Maslowrsquos was a psychologist who proposed that

within every person is a hierarchy of five needs

1 Physiological needs Food drink shelter sex and physical requirements

2 Safety needs Security and protection from physical and emotional harm as well

as assurance that physical needs will continue to be met

3 Social needs Affection belongingness acceptance and friendship

4 Esteem needs Internal esteem factors such as self-respect autonomy and

achievement and external esteem factors such as status recognition and attention

5 Self-actualization needs Growth achieving onersquos potential and self-fulfillment

the drive to become what one is capable of becoming

- 18 -

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe that the theory proposed that although no need is

ever fully satisfied a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates an individual to

satisfy that need Therefore understand what need level that person is on in the

hierarchy and focus on satisfying needs at or above that level can motivate them

In addition Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower levels

Physiological and safety needs were considered lower-order needs social esteem and

self-actualization were considered higher-order needs The difference was that

higher-order needs are satisfy internally while lower-order needs are predominantly

satisfied externally (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

- 19 -

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

Howard and Sheth (1969) proposed that the core of model is explained the purchase

behavior of the ldquobrandrdquo and not to fuss about the frequency and quantity of purchase

The point is the consumer buying behavior there are some factors to consider which is

ldquoinputsrdquo ldquoPerceptual Constructs and Learning Constructsrdquo and ldquoOutputrdquo (MBA lib

2009)

Abdallat and Ng et al (2007) both believe Howard-Sheth Model explains the

consumers choose the brand behavior and through the study of consumer buying

behavior there are three type of purchase decision making

The first level describes the extensive problem solving At this level the consumer does

not have any basic information or knowledge about the specific brand and he does not

have any preferences for any product In this situation the consumer will seek

information about all the different brands in the market and use more time before

purchasing

The second level is limited problem solving This situation exists for consumers who

have little knowledge about the market or limited knowledge about what they want to

purchase For arrive at a brand preference some comparative brand information is

searched

The third level is a habitual response behavior In this level the consumer knows very

well about the different brands and he can differentiate between the different

characteristics of each product they would not collect the information and evaluation

other brand and he already decides to purchase a particular product According to the

Howard-Sheth model there are four major sets of variables which is Input Perceptual

- 20 -

and Learning Constructs Outputs and Exogenous (External) variables (Abdallat and

Ng et al 2007)

2123 Push and Pull Factors

The lsquolsquoPushndashPullrsquorsquo framework has been utilised by a number of studies to assess the

range of attributes that motivate the desire to go on holiday and the destination choice

Push factors are socialndashpsychological factors that motivate the individual to travel and

the pull factors are qualities of destinations that attract the tourist such as

infrastructure or cultural attractions Of the ten lsquolsquoPushndash Pullrsquorsquo studies reviewed by

Klenosky (2002 cited in Hamilton Maddison and Tola 2004) none explicitly

included origin climate or destination climate as push and pull factors respectively

Nevertheless in his study lsquolsquowarm climatersquorsquo appears as a pull factor and was found to

be important for those interested in relaxing and in getting a suntan However climate

did not make it into the seven most important factors from a group of 53 pull factors

selected using factor analysis by Yuan and MacDonald (1990 cited in Hamilton

Maddison and Tola 2004)

22 Special Event

Events can be classified according to the kinds of activity on which they are based Most

are classified as based on sport the art other entertainments the heritage or food and

drink Events can also be grouped according to their size usually measured by the number

of people who attend (Roberts 2004)

- 21 -

221 Theory of Special Event

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

222 Timing

The planning period is typically the longest period of time in the event management

process Historically this has been due to disorganisation Disorganisation is best

characterized by frequent change resulting from substitutions additions or even

deletions due to poor research and design (Goldblatt 2005)

ldquoThe first question that many event managers ask the clients is When would you like to

schedule the event The answer to that question tells you how much time you have to

prepare Often that timetable may seem incredibly short

The length of time available for planning and for planning and for actual production will

dramatically affect the cost and sometimes the success of the event Equally important

as you discovered earlier is how you use your time The Greek philosopher

- 22 -

Theophrastus said ldquoTime is the most valuable thing a human can spendrdquo (Goldblatt

2002 p50) Allocate the billable time to follow the five phases of the event process

research design planning coordination and evaluation By paying careful attention to

the research and design phase you will be able to budget the time more precisely This is

particularly true for the event itself Planning the time of an event is as important as

managing your planning time (Goldblatt 2005)

223 Promotion

Goldblatt (2005) believe the best-quality event product but unless it have a strategic

plan for promoting this product it will remain the best kept secret in the world Even

large such as Olympic Game requires well-developed promotion strategies to achieve

the success they require

The promotion strategy to identify for the event requires a careful study of past or

comparable efforts expert guidance from people who have specific expertise in this field

and most important setting benchmarks for specific measurement of the individual

promotion activities

ldquoThere are a variety of ways to measure promotion efforts First you may measure

awareness by your target market Anticipation of the event may be tantamount to

ultimate participation Next you many measure actual attendance and the resulting

investment Finally you may measure the post event attitude of the event promotional

activityrdquo (Goldblatt 2005 p254)

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 13: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 13 -

Chapter 2

Literature Review

This study is investigate the teenagers customer repeated visits Ocean Park because the

special event

21 Consumer Behavior

The study of consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend

their available resources (time money effort) on consumption-related items (Schiffman

and Kanuk 1997 cited in Abdallat 2007) Consumer behavior is a study of the processes

involved when individuals or groups select purchase use or dispose of products

services ideas or experiences to satisfy needs and desires (ABDALLAT 2007)

211 Customer Loyalty

Griffin (2002) has identified two dovetailing events have dramatically expanded how

companies pursue customer loyalty First of all the widespread use of the Internet has

changed the relationship between customer expectations of construction work No longer

is marketing and sales information simply pushed toward the customer Now a company

must also allow customer to pull the marketing information they want when they want it

and complete the purchase process on their terms Second technology breakthroughs

especially in the area of knowledge management offer new and innovative ways to

nature customer relationships Present companyrsquos ability to prosper depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points ability to thrive depends on

capturing appropriate customer data from multiple points of customer contact e-mail

telephone fax websitehellip

- 14 -

2111 How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps

Wuorio (2007) identifies it is important to understand how to build a base of

customers who return to your business time and again The following were seven ideas

and strategies to consider

1 Repeat customers cost less than new ones Its less expensive to bring existing

customers back than to attract new ones Consider the expense of advertising

marketing media and other tools necessary to lure new customers Also getting a new

customers attention can often be a matter of timing

2 Repeat customers are walking billboards If a customer comes back to your

business chances are quite good that the customer liked what they saw the first time

around And there are the opportunities they going to spread the wordmdashpublicity that

comes free of charge to you

3 To build repeat customers be consistent A solid base of repeat customers might

seem little more than a matter of providing excellent service or products But

excellence cannot be a hit or miss propositionmdashrepeat customers return because their

experience is consistently solid

4 Hire the right people Since your employees are on the front lines their demeanor

and interaction with clients can cement relationships that bring customers back to your

business

5 Know your customers well Its hard to build repeat business if you dont know what

your customers value

- 15 -

6 Keep it personal A repeat customer what is someone you need to know Nurture

that by keeping your relationship as personal as possible Such as get to know

customers the name

7 Stay in contact Through customersrsquo blog newsletter or some other vehicle that

affords ongoing communication to encourage repeat business by keep in touch

2112 Relationships between Trust Commitment and Customer Loyalty

The proposed research model is underlying hypothesized relationships among trust

commitment and customer loyalty (Figure 211)

ldquoTrust is the goodwill to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence

(Moorman and Zaltman 1993 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007) Commitment is defined

asldquoan enduring desire to maintain a valued relationshiprdquo (Moorman et al 1992 cited

in Prasarnphanich 2007) ldquoCustomer Loyalty is two major approaches for evaluate

loyalty the behavioral approach and the cognitive approach The traditional

behavioral approach includes such measures as large proportion of purchase purchase

sequence and probability of purchase The customer loyalty construct in this study

refers to two components repurchase behavior and loyalty consequences (Dick and

Basu 1994 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007)Attitude toward a brand is a determinant of

repeat purchases which in turn results in several loyalty consequences (positive

word-of-mouth search motivation and resistance to counter persuasion)rdquo

(Prasarnphanich 2007 p232)

- 16 -

Figure 211 Research Model (Prasarnphanich 2007)

2113Repeat visitors are importance

REED (2007) believes if noticing that the majority of your users are first time-visitors

and then may be doing something wrong A successful company will have a large

number of repeat visitors or people that know about your site and wish to return on a

regular basis If people are visiting and not returning these need to turn things around

if want the company to succeed

Always consider repeat visitors the foundation of the company Once these have a

good number of repeat visitors and it have something to build on ndash the company can

continue to work on attracting new members now confident that these have a

community people want to return to time and time again

- 17 -

212 Motivation

2121 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory

In 1954 Maslow first published Motivation and Personality which introduced his

theory about how people satisfy various personal needs in the context of their work

Gawel (1997) state that Maslow postulated based on his observations as a humanistic

psychologist there is a general pattern of needs recognition and satisfaction that

people follow in generally the same sequence He also theorized that a person could

not recognize or pursue the next higher need in the hierarchy until her or his currently

recognized need was substantially or completely satisfied a concept called

prepotency

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe Maslowrsquos was a psychologist who proposed that

within every person is a hierarchy of five needs

1 Physiological needs Food drink shelter sex and physical requirements

2 Safety needs Security and protection from physical and emotional harm as well

as assurance that physical needs will continue to be met

3 Social needs Affection belongingness acceptance and friendship

4 Esteem needs Internal esteem factors such as self-respect autonomy and

achievement and external esteem factors such as status recognition and attention

5 Self-actualization needs Growth achieving onersquos potential and self-fulfillment

the drive to become what one is capable of becoming

- 18 -

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe that the theory proposed that although no need is

ever fully satisfied a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates an individual to

satisfy that need Therefore understand what need level that person is on in the

hierarchy and focus on satisfying needs at or above that level can motivate them

In addition Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower levels

Physiological and safety needs were considered lower-order needs social esteem and

self-actualization were considered higher-order needs The difference was that

higher-order needs are satisfy internally while lower-order needs are predominantly

satisfied externally (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

- 19 -

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

Howard and Sheth (1969) proposed that the core of model is explained the purchase

behavior of the ldquobrandrdquo and not to fuss about the frequency and quantity of purchase

The point is the consumer buying behavior there are some factors to consider which is

ldquoinputsrdquo ldquoPerceptual Constructs and Learning Constructsrdquo and ldquoOutputrdquo (MBA lib

2009)

Abdallat and Ng et al (2007) both believe Howard-Sheth Model explains the

consumers choose the brand behavior and through the study of consumer buying

behavior there are three type of purchase decision making

The first level describes the extensive problem solving At this level the consumer does

not have any basic information or knowledge about the specific brand and he does not

have any preferences for any product In this situation the consumer will seek

information about all the different brands in the market and use more time before

purchasing

The second level is limited problem solving This situation exists for consumers who

have little knowledge about the market or limited knowledge about what they want to

purchase For arrive at a brand preference some comparative brand information is

searched

The third level is a habitual response behavior In this level the consumer knows very

well about the different brands and he can differentiate between the different

characteristics of each product they would not collect the information and evaluation

other brand and he already decides to purchase a particular product According to the

Howard-Sheth model there are four major sets of variables which is Input Perceptual

- 20 -

and Learning Constructs Outputs and Exogenous (External) variables (Abdallat and

Ng et al 2007)

2123 Push and Pull Factors

The lsquolsquoPushndashPullrsquorsquo framework has been utilised by a number of studies to assess the

range of attributes that motivate the desire to go on holiday and the destination choice

Push factors are socialndashpsychological factors that motivate the individual to travel and

the pull factors are qualities of destinations that attract the tourist such as

infrastructure or cultural attractions Of the ten lsquolsquoPushndash Pullrsquorsquo studies reviewed by

Klenosky (2002 cited in Hamilton Maddison and Tola 2004) none explicitly

included origin climate or destination climate as push and pull factors respectively

Nevertheless in his study lsquolsquowarm climatersquorsquo appears as a pull factor and was found to

be important for those interested in relaxing and in getting a suntan However climate

did not make it into the seven most important factors from a group of 53 pull factors

selected using factor analysis by Yuan and MacDonald (1990 cited in Hamilton

Maddison and Tola 2004)

22 Special Event

Events can be classified according to the kinds of activity on which they are based Most

are classified as based on sport the art other entertainments the heritage or food and

drink Events can also be grouped according to their size usually measured by the number

of people who attend (Roberts 2004)

- 21 -

221 Theory of Special Event

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

222 Timing

The planning period is typically the longest period of time in the event management

process Historically this has been due to disorganisation Disorganisation is best

characterized by frequent change resulting from substitutions additions or even

deletions due to poor research and design (Goldblatt 2005)

ldquoThe first question that many event managers ask the clients is When would you like to

schedule the event The answer to that question tells you how much time you have to

prepare Often that timetable may seem incredibly short

The length of time available for planning and for planning and for actual production will

dramatically affect the cost and sometimes the success of the event Equally important

as you discovered earlier is how you use your time The Greek philosopher

- 22 -

Theophrastus said ldquoTime is the most valuable thing a human can spendrdquo (Goldblatt

2002 p50) Allocate the billable time to follow the five phases of the event process

research design planning coordination and evaluation By paying careful attention to

the research and design phase you will be able to budget the time more precisely This is

particularly true for the event itself Planning the time of an event is as important as

managing your planning time (Goldblatt 2005)

223 Promotion

Goldblatt (2005) believe the best-quality event product but unless it have a strategic

plan for promoting this product it will remain the best kept secret in the world Even

large such as Olympic Game requires well-developed promotion strategies to achieve

the success they require

The promotion strategy to identify for the event requires a careful study of past or

comparable efforts expert guidance from people who have specific expertise in this field

and most important setting benchmarks for specific measurement of the individual

promotion activities

ldquoThere are a variety of ways to measure promotion efforts First you may measure

awareness by your target market Anticipation of the event may be tantamount to

ultimate participation Next you many measure actual attendance and the resulting

investment Finally you may measure the post event attitude of the event promotional

activityrdquo (Goldblatt 2005 p254)

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 14: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 14 -

2111 How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps

Wuorio (2007) identifies it is important to understand how to build a base of

customers who return to your business time and again The following were seven ideas

and strategies to consider

1 Repeat customers cost less than new ones Its less expensive to bring existing

customers back than to attract new ones Consider the expense of advertising

marketing media and other tools necessary to lure new customers Also getting a new

customers attention can often be a matter of timing

2 Repeat customers are walking billboards If a customer comes back to your

business chances are quite good that the customer liked what they saw the first time

around And there are the opportunities they going to spread the wordmdashpublicity that

comes free of charge to you

3 To build repeat customers be consistent A solid base of repeat customers might

seem little more than a matter of providing excellent service or products But

excellence cannot be a hit or miss propositionmdashrepeat customers return because their

experience is consistently solid

4 Hire the right people Since your employees are on the front lines their demeanor

and interaction with clients can cement relationships that bring customers back to your

business

5 Know your customers well Its hard to build repeat business if you dont know what

your customers value

- 15 -

6 Keep it personal A repeat customer what is someone you need to know Nurture

that by keeping your relationship as personal as possible Such as get to know

customers the name

7 Stay in contact Through customersrsquo blog newsletter or some other vehicle that

affords ongoing communication to encourage repeat business by keep in touch

2112 Relationships between Trust Commitment and Customer Loyalty

The proposed research model is underlying hypothesized relationships among trust

commitment and customer loyalty (Figure 211)

ldquoTrust is the goodwill to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence

(Moorman and Zaltman 1993 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007) Commitment is defined

asldquoan enduring desire to maintain a valued relationshiprdquo (Moorman et al 1992 cited

in Prasarnphanich 2007) ldquoCustomer Loyalty is two major approaches for evaluate

loyalty the behavioral approach and the cognitive approach The traditional

behavioral approach includes such measures as large proportion of purchase purchase

sequence and probability of purchase The customer loyalty construct in this study

refers to two components repurchase behavior and loyalty consequences (Dick and

Basu 1994 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007)Attitude toward a brand is a determinant of

repeat purchases which in turn results in several loyalty consequences (positive

word-of-mouth search motivation and resistance to counter persuasion)rdquo

(Prasarnphanich 2007 p232)

- 16 -

Figure 211 Research Model (Prasarnphanich 2007)

2113Repeat visitors are importance

REED (2007) believes if noticing that the majority of your users are first time-visitors

and then may be doing something wrong A successful company will have a large

number of repeat visitors or people that know about your site and wish to return on a

regular basis If people are visiting and not returning these need to turn things around

if want the company to succeed

Always consider repeat visitors the foundation of the company Once these have a

good number of repeat visitors and it have something to build on ndash the company can

continue to work on attracting new members now confident that these have a

community people want to return to time and time again

- 17 -

212 Motivation

2121 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory

In 1954 Maslow first published Motivation and Personality which introduced his

theory about how people satisfy various personal needs in the context of their work

Gawel (1997) state that Maslow postulated based on his observations as a humanistic

psychologist there is a general pattern of needs recognition and satisfaction that

people follow in generally the same sequence He also theorized that a person could

not recognize or pursue the next higher need in the hierarchy until her or his currently

recognized need was substantially or completely satisfied a concept called

prepotency

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe Maslowrsquos was a psychologist who proposed that

within every person is a hierarchy of five needs

1 Physiological needs Food drink shelter sex and physical requirements

2 Safety needs Security and protection from physical and emotional harm as well

as assurance that physical needs will continue to be met

3 Social needs Affection belongingness acceptance and friendship

4 Esteem needs Internal esteem factors such as self-respect autonomy and

achievement and external esteem factors such as status recognition and attention

5 Self-actualization needs Growth achieving onersquos potential and self-fulfillment

the drive to become what one is capable of becoming

- 18 -

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe that the theory proposed that although no need is

ever fully satisfied a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates an individual to

satisfy that need Therefore understand what need level that person is on in the

hierarchy and focus on satisfying needs at or above that level can motivate them

In addition Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower levels

Physiological and safety needs were considered lower-order needs social esteem and

self-actualization were considered higher-order needs The difference was that

higher-order needs are satisfy internally while lower-order needs are predominantly

satisfied externally (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

- 19 -

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

Howard and Sheth (1969) proposed that the core of model is explained the purchase

behavior of the ldquobrandrdquo and not to fuss about the frequency and quantity of purchase

The point is the consumer buying behavior there are some factors to consider which is

ldquoinputsrdquo ldquoPerceptual Constructs and Learning Constructsrdquo and ldquoOutputrdquo (MBA lib

2009)

Abdallat and Ng et al (2007) both believe Howard-Sheth Model explains the

consumers choose the brand behavior and through the study of consumer buying

behavior there are three type of purchase decision making

The first level describes the extensive problem solving At this level the consumer does

not have any basic information or knowledge about the specific brand and he does not

have any preferences for any product In this situation the consumer will seek

information about all the different brands in the market and use more time before

purchasing

The second level is limited problem solving This situation exists for consumers who

have little knowledge about the market or limited knowledge about what they want to

purchase For arrive at a brand preference some comparative brand information is

searched

The third level is a habitual response behavior In this level the consumer knows very

well about the different brands and he can differentiate between the different

characteristics of each product they would not collect the information and evaluation

other brand and he already decides to purchase a particular product According to the

Howard-Sheth model there are four major sets of variables which is Input Perceptual

- 20 -

and Learning Constructs Outputs and Exogenous (External) variables (Abdallat and

Ng et al 2007)

2123 Push and Pull Factors

The lsquolsquoPushndashPullrsquorsquo framework has been utilised by a number of studies to assess the

range of attributes that motivate the desire to go on holiday and the destination choice

Push factors are socialndashpsychological factors that motivate the individual to travel and

the pull factors are qualities of destinations that attract the tourist such as

infrastructure or cultural attractions Of the ten lsquolsquoPushndash Pullrsquorsquo studies reviewed by

Klenosky (2002 cited in Hamilton Maddison and Tola 2004) none explicitly

included origin climate or destination climate as push and pull factors respectively

Nevertheless in his study lsquolsquowarm climatersquorsquo appears as a pull factor and was found to

be important for those interested in relaxing and in getting a suntan However climate

did not make it into the seven most important factors from a group of 53 pull factors

selected using factor analysis by Yuan and MacDonald (1990 cited in Hamilton

Maddison and Tola 2004)

22 Special Event

Events can be classified according to the kinds of activity on which they are based Most

are classified as based on sport the art other entertainments the heritage or food and

drink Events can also be grouped according to their size usually measured by the number

of people who attend (Roberts 2004)

- 21 -

221 Theory of Special Event

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

222 Timing

The planning period is typically the longest period of time in the event management

process Historically this has been due to disorganisation Disorganisation is best

characterized by frequent change resulting from substitutions additions or even

deletions due to poor research and design (Goldblatt 2005)

ldquoThe first question that many event managers ask the clients is When would you like to

schedule the event The answer to that question tells you how much time you have to

prepare Often that timetable may seem incredibly short

The length of time available for planning and for planning and for actual production will

dramatically affect the cost and sometimes the success of the event Equally important

as you discovered earlier is how you use your time The Greek philosopher

- 22 -

Theophrastus said ldquoTime is the most valuable thing a human can spendrdquo (Goldblatt

2002 p50) Allocate the billable time to follow the five phases of the event process

research design planning coordination and evaluation By paying careful attention to

the research and design phase you will be able to budget the time more precisely This is

particularly true for the event itself Planning the time of an event is as important as

managing your planning time (Goldblatt 2005)

223 Promotion

Goldblatt (2005) believe the best-quality event product but unless it have a strategic

plan for promoting this product it will remain the best kept secret in the world Even

large such as Olympic Game requires well-developed promotion strategies to achieve

the success they require

The promotion strategy to identify for the event requires a careful study of past or

comparable efforts expert guidance from people who have specific expertise in this field

and most important setting benchmarks for specific measurement of the individual

promotion activities

ldquoThere are a variety of ways to measure promotion efforts First you may measure

awareness by your target market Anticipation of the event may be tantamount to

ultimate participation Next you many measure actual attendance and the resulting

investment Finally you may measure the post event attitude of the event promotional

activityrdquo (Goldblatt 2005 p254)

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 15: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 15 -

6 Keep it personal A repeat customer what is someone you need to know Nurture

that by keeping your relationship as personal as possible Such as get to know

customers the name

7 Stay in contact Through customersrsquo blog newsletter or some other vehicle that

affords ongoing communication to encourage repeat business by keep in touch

2112 Relationships between Trust Commitment and Customer Loyalty

The proposed research model is underlying hypothesized relationships among trust

commitment and customer loyalty (Figure 211)

ldquoTrust is the goodwill to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence

(Moorman and Zaltman 1993 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007) Commitment is defined

asldquoan enduring desire to maintain a valued relationshiprdquo (Moorman et al 1992 cited

in Prasarnphanich 2007) ldquoCustomer Loyalty is two major approaches for evaluate

loyalty the behavioral approach and the cognitive approach The traditional

behavioral approach includes such measures as large proportion of purchase purchase

sequence and probability of purchase The customer loyalty construct in this study

refers to two components repurchase behavior and loyalty consequences (Dick and

Basu 1994 cited in Prasarnphanich 2007)Attitude toward a brand is a determinant of

repeat purchases which in turn results in several loyalty consequences (positive

word-of-mouth search motivation and resistance to counter persuasion)rdquo

(Prasarnphanich 2007 p232)

- 16 -

Figure 211 Research Model (Prasarnphanich 2007)

2113Repeat visitors are importance

REED (2007) believes if noticing that the majority of your users are first time-visitors

and then may be doing something wrong A successful company will have a large

number of repeat visitors or people that know about your site and wish to return on a

regular basis If people are visiting and not returning these need to turn things around

if want the company to succeed

Always consider repeat visitors the foundation of the company Once these have a

good number of repeat visitors and it have something to build on ndash the company can

continue to work on attracting new members now confident that these have a

community people want to return to time and time again

- 17 -

212 Motivation

2121 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory

In 1954 Maslow first published Motivation and Personality which introduced his

theory about how people satisfy various personal needs in the context of their work

Gawel (1997) state that Maslow postulated based on his observations as a humanistic

psychologist there is a general pattern of needs recognition and satisfaction that

people follow in generally the same sequence He also theorized that a person could

not recognize or pursue the next higher need in the hierarchy until her or his currently

recognized need was substantially or completely satisfied a concept called

prepotency

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe Maslowrsquos was a psychologist who proposed that

within every person is a hierarchy of five needs

1 Physiological needs Food drink shelter sex and physical requirements

2 Safety needs Security and protection from physical and emotional harm as well

as assurance that physical needs will continue to be met

3 Social needs Affection belongingness acceptance and friendship

4 Esteem needs Internal esteem factors such as self-respect autonomy and

achievement and external esteem factors such as status recognition and attention

5 Self-actualization needs Growth achieving onersquos potential and self-fulfillment

the drive to become what one is capable of becoming

- 18 -

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe that the theory proposed that although no need is

ever fully satisfied a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates an individual to

satisfy that need Therefore understand what need level that person is on in the

hierarchy and focus on satisfying needs at or above that level can motivate them

In addition Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower levels

Physiological and safety needs were considered lower-order needs social esteem and

self-actualization were considered higher-order needs The difference was that

higher-order needs are satisfy internally while lower-order needs are predominantly

satisfied externally (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

- 19 -

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

Howard and Sheth (1969) proposed that the core of model is explained the purchase

behavior of the ldquobrandrdquo and not to fuss about the frequency and quantity of purchase

The point is the consumer buying behavior there are some factors to consider which is

ldquoinputsrdquo ldquoPerceptual Constructs and Learning Constructsrdquo and ldquoOutputrdquo (MBA lib

2009)

Abdallat and Ng et al (2007) both believe Howard-Sheth Model explains the

consumers choose the brand behavior and through the study of consumer buying

behavior there are three type of purchase decision making

The first level describes the extensive problem solving At this level the consumer does

not have any basic information or knowledge about the specific brand and he does not

have any preferences for any product In this situation the consumer will seek

information about all the different brands in the market and use more time before

purchasing

The second level is limited problem solving This situation exists for consumers who

have little knowledge about the market or limited knowledge about what they want to

purchase For arrive at a brand preference some comparative brand information is

searched

The third level is a habitual response behavior In this level the consumer knows very

well about the different brands and he can differentiate between the different

characteristics of each product they would not collect the information and evaluation

other brand and he already decides to purchase a particular product According to the

Howard-Sheth model there are four major sets of variables which is Input Perceptual

- 20 -

and Learning Constructs Outputs and Exogenous (External) variables (Abdallat and

Ng et al 2007)

2123 Push and Pull Factors

The lsquolsquoPushndashPullrsquorsquo framework has been utilised by a number of studies to assess the

range of attributes that motivate the desire to go on holiday and the destination choice

Push factors are socialndashpsychological factors that motivate the individual to travel and

the pull factors are qualities of destinations that attract the tourist such as

infrastructure or cultural attractions Of the ten lsquolsquoPushndash Pullrsquorsquo studies reviewed by

Klenosky (2002 cited in Hamilton Maddison and Tola 2004) none explicitly

included origin climate or destination climate as push and pull factors respectively

Nevertheless in his study lsquolsquowarm climatersquorsquo appears as a pull factor and was found to

be important for those interested in relaxing and in getting a suntan However climate

did not make it into the seven most important factors from a group of 53 pull factors

selected using factor analysis by Yuan and MacDonald (1990 cited in Hamilton

Maddison and Tola 2004)

22 Special Event

Events can be classified according to the kinds of activity on which they are based Most

are classified as based on sport the art other entertainments the heritage or food and

drink Events can also be grouped according to their size usually measured by the number

of people who attend (Roberts 2004)

- 21 -

221 Theory of Special Event

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

222 Timing

The planning period is typically the longest period of time in the event management

process Historically this has been due to disorganisation Disorganisation is best

characterized by frequent change resulting from substitutions additions or even

deletions due to poor research and design (Goldblatt 2005)

ldquoThe first question that many event managers ask the clients is When would you like to

schedule the event The answer to that question tells you how much time you have to

prepare Often that timetable may seem incredibly short

The length of time available for planning and for planning and for actual production will

dramatically affect the cost and sometimes the success of the event Equally important

as you discovered earlier is how you use your time The Greek philosopher

- 22 -

Theophrastus said ldquoTime is the most valuable thing a human can spendrdquo (Goldblatt

2002 p50) Allocate the billable time to follow the five phases of the event process

research design planning coordination and evaluation By paying careful attention to

the research and design phase you will be able to budget the time more precisely This is

particularly true for the event itself Planning the time of an event is as important as

managing your planning time (Goldblatt 2005)

223 Promotion

Goldblatt (2005) believe the best-quality event product but unless it have a strategic

plan for promoting this product it will remain the best kept secret in the world Even

large such as Olympic Game requires well-developed promotion strategies to achieve

the success they require

The promotion strategy to identify for the event requires a careful study of past or

comparable efforts expert guidance from people who have specific expertise in this field

and most important setting benchmarks for specific measurement of the individual

promotion activities

ldquoThere are a variety of ways to measure promotion efforts First you may measure

awareness by your target market Anticipation of the event may be tantamount to

ultimate participation Next you many measure actual attendance and the resulting

investment Finally you may measure the post event attitude of the event promotional

activityrdquo (Goldblatt 2005 p254)

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 16: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 16 -

Figure 211 Research Model (Prasarnphanich 2007)

2113Repeat visitors are importance

REED (2007) believes if noticing that the majority of your users are first time-visitors

and then may be doing something wrong A successful company will have a large

number of repeat visitors or people that know about your site and wish to return on a

regular basis If people are visiting and not returning these need to turn things around

if want the company to succeed

Always consider repeat visitors the foundation of the company Once these have a

good number of repeat visitors and it have something to build on ndash the company can

continue to work on attracting new members now confident that these have a

community people want to return to time and time again

- 17 -

212 Motivation

2121 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory

In 1954 Maslow first published Motivation and Personality which introduced his

theory about how people satisfy various personal needs in the context of their work

Gawel (1997) state that Maslow postulated based on his observations as a humanistic

psychologist there is a general pattern of needs recognition and satisfaction that

people follow in generally the same sequence He also theorized that a person could

not recognize or pursue the next higher need in the hierarchy until her or his currently

recognized need was substantially or completely satisfied a concept called

prepotency

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe Maslowrsquos was a psychologist who proposed that

within every person is a hierarchy of five needs

1 Physiological needs Food drink shelter sex and physical requirements

2 Safety needs Security and protection from physical and emotional harm as well

as assurance that physical needs will continue to be met

3 Social needs Affection belongingness acceptance and friendship

4 Esteem needs Internal esteem factors such as self-respect autonomy and

achievement and external esteem factors such as status recognition and attention

5 Self-actualization needs Growth achieving onersquos potential and self-fulfillment

the drive to become what one is capable of becoming

- 18 -

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe that the theory proposed that although no need is

ever fully satisfied a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates an individual to

satisfy that need Therefore understand what need level that person is on in the

hierarchy and focus on satisfying needs at or above that level can motivate them

In addition Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower levels

Physiological and safety needs were considered lower-order needs social esteem and

self-actualization were considered higher-order needs The difference was that

higher-order needs are satisfy internally while lower-order needs are predominantly

satisfied externally (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

- 19 -

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

Howard and Sheth (1969) proposed that the core of model is explained the purchase

behavior of the ldquobrandrdquo and not to fuss about the frequency and quantity of purchase

The point is the consumer buying behavior there are some factors to consider which is

ldquoinputsrdquo ldquoPerceptual Constructs and Learning Constructsrdquo and ldquoOutputrdquo (MBA lib

2009)

Abdallat and Ng et al (2007) both believe Howard-Sheth Model explains the

consumers choose the brand behavior and through the study of consumer buying

behavior there are three type of purchase decision making

The first level describes the extensive problem solving At this level the consumer does

not have any basic information or knowledge about the specific brand and he does not

have any preferences for any product In this situation the consumer will seek

information about all the different brands in the market and use more time before

purchasing

The second level is limited problem solving This situation exists for consumers who

have little knowledge about the market or limited knowledge about what they want to

purchase For arrive at a brand preference some comparative brand information is

searched

The third level is a habitual response behavior In this level the consumer knows very

well about the different brands and he can differentiate between the different

characteristics of each product they would not collect the information and evaluation

other brand and he already decides to purchase a particular product According to the

Howard-Sheth model there are four major sets of variables which is Input Perceptual

- 20 -

and Learning Constructs Outputs and Exogenous (External) variables (Abdallat and

Ng et al 2007)

2123 Push and Pull Factors

The lsquolsquoPushndashPullrsquorsquo framework has been utilised by a number of studies to assess the

range of attributes that motivate the desire to go on holiday and the destination choice

Push factors are socialndashpsychological factors that motivate the individual to travel and

the pull factors are qualities of destinations that attract the tourist such as

infrastructure or cultural attractions Of the ten lsquolsquoPushndash Pullrsquorsquo studies reviewed by

Klenosky (2002 cited in Hamilton Maddison and Tola 2004) none explicitly

included origin climate or destination climate as push and pull factors respectively

Nevertheless in his study lsquolsquowarm climatersquorsquo appears as a pull factor and was found to

be important for those interested in relaxing and in getting a suntan However climate

did not make it into the seven most important factors from a group of 53 pull factors

selected using factor analysis by Yuan and MacDonald (1990 cited in Hamilton

Maddison and Tola 2004)

22 Special Event

Events can be classified according to the kinds of activity on which they are based Most

are classified as based on sport the art other entertainments the heritage or food and

drink Events can also be grouped according to their size usually measured by the number

of people who attend (Roberts 2004)

- 21 -

221 Theory of Special Event

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

222 Timing

The planning period is typically the longest period of time in the event management

process Historically this has been due to disorganisation Disorganisation is best

characterized by frequent change resulting from substitutions additions or even

deletions due to poor research and design (Goldblatt 2005)

ldquoThe first question that many event managers ask the clients is When would you like to

schedule the event The answer to that question tells you how much time you have to

prepare Often that timetable may seem incredibly short

The length of time available for planning and for planning and for actual production will

dramatically affect the cost and sometimes the success of the event Equally important

as you discovered earlier is how you use your time The Greek philosopher

- 22 -

Theophrastus said ldquoTime is the most valuable thing a human can spendrdquo (Goldblatt

2002 p50) Allocate the billable time to follow the five phases of the event process

research design planning coordination and evaluation By paying careful attention to

the research and design phase you will be able to budget the time more precisely This is

particularly true for the event itself Planning the time of an event is as important as

managing your planning time (Goldblatt 2005)

223 Promotion

Goldblatt (2005) believe the best-quality event product but unless it have a strategic

plan for promoting this product it will remain the best kept secret in the world Even

large such as Olympic Game requires well-developed promotion strategies to achieve

the success they require

The promotion strategy to identify for the event requires a careful study of past or

comparable efforts expert guidance from people who have specific expertise in this field

and most important setting benchmarks for specific measurement of the individual

promotion activities

ldquoThere are a variety of ways to measure promotion efforts First you may measure

awareness by your target market Anticipation of the event may be tantamount to

ultimate participation Next you many measure actual attendance and the resulting

investment Finally you may measure the post event attitude of the event promotional

activityrdquo (Goldblatt 2005 p254)

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 17: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 17 -

212 Motivation

2121 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory

In 1954 Maslow first published Motivation and Personality which introduced his

theory about how people satisfy various personal needs in the context of their work

Gawel (1997) state that Maslow postulated based on his observations as a humanistic

psychologist there is a general pattern of needs recognition and satisfaction that

people follow in generally the same sequence He also theorized that a person could

not recognize or pursue the next higher need in the hierarchy until her or his currently

recognized need was substantially or completely satisfied a concept called

prepotency

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe Maslowrsquos was a psychologist who proposed that

within every person is a hierarchy of five needs

1 Physiological needs Food drink shelter sex and physical requirements

2 Safety needs Security and protection from physical and emotional harm as well

as assurance that physical needs will continue to be met

3 Social needs Affection belongingness acceptance and friendship

4 Esteem needs Internal esteem factors such as self-respect autonomy and

achievement and external esteem factors such as status recognition and attention

5 Self-actualization needs Growth achieving onersquos potential and self-fulfillment

the drive to become what one is capable of becoming

- 18 -

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe that the theory proposed that although no need is

ever fully satisfied a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates an individual to

satisfy that need Therefore understand what need level that person is on in the

hierarchy and focus on satisfying needs at or above that level can motivate them

In addition Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower levels

Physiological and safety needs were considered lower-order needs social esteem and

self-actualization were considered higher-order needs The difference was that

higher-order needs are satisfy internally while lower-order needs are predominantly

satisfied externally (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

- 19 -

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

Howard and Sheth (1969) proposed that the core of model is explained the purchase

behavior of the ldquobrandrdquo and not to fuss about the frequency and quantity of purchase

The point is the consumer buying behavior there are some factors to consider which is

ldquoinputsrdquo ldquoPerceptual Constructs and Learning Constructsrdquo and ldquoOutputrdquo (MBA lib

2009)

Abdallat and Ng et al (2007) both believe Howard-Sheth Model explains the

consumers choose the brand behavior and through the study of consumer buying

behavior there are three type of purchase decision making

The first level describes the extensive problem solving At this level the consumer does

not have any basic information or knowledge about the specific brand and he does not

have any preferences for any product In this situation the consumer will seek

information about all the different brands in the market and use more time before

purchasing

The second level is limited problem solving This situation exists for consumers who

have little knowledge about the market or limited knowledge about what they want to

purchase For arrive at a brand preference some comparative brand information is

searched

The third level is a habitual response behavior In this level the consumer knows very

well about the different brands and he can differentiate between the different

characteristics of each product they would not collect the information and evaluation

other brand and he already decides to purchase a particular product According to the

Howard-Sheth model there are four major sets of variables which is Input Perceptual

- 20 -

and Learning Constructs Outputs and Exogenous (External) variables (Abdallat and

Ng et al 2007)

2123 Push and Pull Factors

The lsquolsquoPushndashPullrsquorsquo framework has been utilised by a number of studies to assess the

range of attributes that motivate the desire to go on holiday and the destination choice

Push factors are socialndashpsychological factors that motivate the individual to travel and

the pull factors are qualities of destinations that attract the tourist such as

infrastructure or cultural attractions Of the ten lsquolsquoPushndash Pullrsquorsquo studies reviewed by

Klenosky (2002 cited in Hamilton Maddison and Tola 2004) none explicitly

included origin climate or destination climate as push and pull factors respectively

Nevertheless in his study lsquolsquowarm climatersquorsquo appears as a pull factor and was found to

be important for those interested in relaxing and in getting a suntan However climate

did not make it into the seven most important factors from a group of 53 pull factors

selected using factor analysis by Yuan and MacDonald (1990 cited in Hamilton

Maddison and Tola 2004)

22 Special Event

Events can be classified according to the kinds of activity on which they are based Most

are classified as based on sport the art other entertainments the heritage or food and

drink Events can also be grouped according to their size usually measured by the number

of people who attend (Roberts 2004)

- 21 -

221 Theory of Special Event

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

222 Timing

The planning period is typically the longest period of time in the event management

process Historically this has been due to disorganisation Disorganisation is best

characterized by frequent change resulting from substitutions additions or even

deletions due to poor research and design (Goldblatt 2005)

ldquoThe first question that many event managers ask the clients is When would you like to

schedule the event The answer to that question tells you how much time you have to

prepare Often that timetable may seem incredibly short

The length of time available for planning and for planning and for actual production will

dramatically affect the cost and sometimes the success of the event Equally important

as you discovered earlier is how you use your time The Greek philosopher

- 22 -

Theophrastus said ldquoTime is the most valuable thing a human can spendrdquo (Goldblatt

2002 p50) Allocate the billable time to follow the five phases of the event process

research design planning coordination and evaluation By paying careful attention to

the research and design phase you will be able to budget the time more precisely This is

particularly true for the event itself Planning the time of an event is as important as

managing your planning time (Goldblatt 2005)

223 Promotion

Goldblatt (2005) believe the best-quality event product but unless it have a strategic

plan for promoting this product it will remain the best kept secret in the world Even

large such as Olympic Game requires well-developed promotion strategies to achieve

the success they require

The promotion strategy to identify for the event requires a careful study of past or

comparable efforts expert guidance from people who have specific expertise in this field

and most important setting benchmarks for specific measurement of the individual

promotion activities

ldquoThere are a variety of ways to measure promotion efforts First you may measure

awareness by your target market Anticipation of the event may be tantamount to

ultimate participation Next you many measure actual attendance and the resulting

investment Finally you may measure the post event attitude of the event promotional

activityrdquo (Goldblatt 2005 p254)

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 18: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 18 -

Figure 212 Maslowrsquos Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

Robbins and Coulter (2007) believe that the theory proposed that although no need is

ever fully satisfied a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates an individual to

satisfy that need Therefore understand what need level that person is on in the

hierarchy and focus on satisfying needs at or above that level can motivate them

In addition Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower levels

Physiological and safety needs were considered lower-order needs social esteem and

self-actualization were considered higher-order needs The difference was that

higher-order needs are satisfy internally while lower-order needs are predominantly

satisfied externally (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

- 19 -

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

Howard and Sheth (1969) proposed that the core of model is explained the purchase

behavior of the ldquobrandrdquo and not to fuss about the frequency and quantity of purchase

The point is the consumer buying behavior there are some factors to consider which is

ldquoinputsrdquo ldquoPerceptual Constructs and Learning Constructsrdquo and ldquoOutputrdquo (MBA lib

2009)

Abdallat and Ng et al (2007) both believe Howard-Sheth Model explains the

consumers choose the brand behavior and through the study of consumer buying

behavior there are three type of purchase decision making

The first level describes the extensive problem solving At this level the consumer does

not have any basic information or knowledge about the specific brand and he does not

have any preferences for any product In this situation the consumer will seek

information about all the different brands in the market and use more time before

purchasing

The second level is limited problem solving This situation exists for consumers who

have little knowledge about the market or limited knowledge about what they want to

purchase For arrive at a brand preference some comparative brand information is

searched

The third level is a habitual response behavior In this level the consumer knows very

well about the different brands and he can differentiate between the different

characteristics of each product they would not collect the information and evaluation

other brand and he already decides to purchase a particular product According to the

Howard-Sheth model there are four major sets of variables which is Input Perceptual

- 20 -

and Learning Constructs Outputs and Exogenous (External) variables (Abdallat and

Ng et al 2007)

2123 Push and Pull Factors

The lsquolsquoPushndashPullrsquorsquo framework has been utilised by a number of studies to assess the

range of attributes that motivate the desire to go on holiday and the destination choice

Push factors are socialndashpsychological factors that motivate the individual to travel and

the pull factors are qualities of destinations that attract the tourist such as

infrastructure or cultural attractions Of the ten lsquolsquoPushndash Pullrsquorsquo studies reviewed by

Klenosky (2002 cited in Hamilton Maddison and Tola 2004) none explicitly

included origin climate or destination climate as push and pull factors respectively

Nevertheless in his study lsquolsquowarm climatersquorsquo appears as a pull factor and was found to

be important for those interested in relaxing and in getting a suntan However climate

did not make it into the seven most important factors from a group of 53 pull factors

selected using factor analysis by Yuan and MacDonald (1990 cited in Hamilton

Maddison and Tola 2004)

22 Special Event

Events can be classified according to the kinds of activity on which they are based Most

are classified as based on sport the art other entertainments the heritage or food and

drink Events can also be grouped according to their size usually measured by the number

of people who attend (Roberts 2004)

- 21 -

221 Theory of Special Event

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

222 Timing

The planning period is typically the longest period of time in the event management

process Historically this has been due to disorganisation Disorganisation is best

characterized by frequent change resulting from substitutions additions or even

deletions due to poor research and design (Goldblatt 2005)

ldquoThe first question that many event managers ask the clients is When would you like to

schedule the event The answer to that question tells you how much time you have to

prepare Often that timetable may seem incredibly short

The length of time available for planning and for planning and for actual production will

dramatically affect the cost and sometimes the success of the event Equally important

as you discovered earlier is how you use your time The Greek philosopher

- 22 -

Theophrastus said ldquoTime is the most valuable thing a human can spendrdquo (Goldblatt

2002 p50) Allocate the billable time to follow the five phases of the event process

research design planning coordination and evaluation By paying careful attention to

the research and design phase you will be able to budget the time more precisely This is

particularly true for the event itself Planning the time of an event is as important as

managing your planning time (Goldblatt 2005)

223 Promotion

Goldblatt (2005) believe the best-quality event product but unless it have a strategic

plan for promoting this product it will remain the best kept secret in the world Even

large such as Olympic Game requires well-developed promotion strategies to achieve

the success they require

The promotion strategy to identify for the event requires a careful study of past or

comparable efforts expert guidance from people who have specific expertise in this field

and most important setting benchmarks for specific measurement of the individual

promotion activities

ldquoThere are a variety of ways to measure promotion efforts First you may measure

awareness by your target market Anticipation of the event may be tantamount to

ultimate participation Next you many measure actual attendance and the resulting

investment Finally you may measure the post event attitude of the event promotional

activityrdquo (Goldblatt 2005 p254)

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 19: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 19 -

2122 Howard-Sheth Model

Howard and Sheth (1969) proposed that the core of model is explained the purchase

behavior of the ldquobrandrdquo and not to fuss about the frequency and quantity of purchase

The point is the consumer buying behavior there are some factors to consider which is

ldquoinputsrdquo ldquoPerceptual Constructs and Learning Constructsrdquo and ldquoOutputrdquo (MBA lib

2009)

Abdallat and Ng et al (2007) both believe Howard-Sheth Model explains the

consumers choose the brand behavior and through the study of consumer buying

behavior there are three type of purchase decision making

The first level describes the extensive problem solving At this level the consumer does

not have any basic information or knowledge about the specific brand and he does not

have any preferences for any product In this situation the consumer will seek

information about all the different brands in the market and use more time before

purchasing

The second level is limited problem solving This situation exists for consumers who

have little knowledge about the market or limited knowledge about what they want to

purchase For arrive at a brand preference some comparative brand information is

searched

The third level is a habitual response behavior In this level the consumer knows very

well about the different brands and he can differentiate between the different

characteristics of each product they would not collect the information and evaluation

other brand and he already decides to purchase a particular product According to the

Howard-Sheth model there are four major sets of variables which is Input Perceptual

- 20 -

and Learning Constructs Outputs and Exogenous (External) variables (Abdallat and

Ng et al 2007)

2123 Push and Pull Factors

The lsquolsquoPushndashPullrsquorsquo framework has been utilised by a number of studies to assess the

range of attributes that motivate the desire to go on holiday and the destination choice

Push factors are socialndashpsychological factors that motivate the individual to travel and

the pull factors are qualities of destinations that attract the tourist such as

infrastructure or cultural attractions Of the ten lsquolsquoPushndash Pullrsquorsquo studies reviewed by

Klenosky (2002 cited in Hamilton Maddison and Tola 2004) none explicitly

included origin climate or destination climate as push and pull factors respectively

Nevertheless in his study lsquolsquowarm climatersquorsquo appears as a pull factor and was found to

be important for those interested in relaxing and in getting a suntan However climate

did not make it into the seven most important factors from a group of 53 pull factors

selected using factor analysis by Yuan and MacDonald (1990 cited in Hamilton

Maddison and Tola 2004)

22 Special Event

Events can be classified according to the kinds of activity on which they are based Most

are classified as based on sport the art other entertainments the heritage or food and

drink Events can also be grouped according to their size usually measured by the number

of people who attend (Roberts 2004)

- 21 -

221 Theory of Special Event

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

222 Timing

The planning period is typically the longest period of time in the event management

process Historically this has been due to disorganisation Disorganisation is best

characterized by frequent change resulting from substitutions additions or even

deletions due to poor research and design (Goldblatt 2005)

ldquoThe first question that many event managers ask the clients is When would you like to

schedule the event The answer to that question tells you how much time you have to

prepare Often that timetable may seem incredibly short

The length of time available for planning and for planning and for actual production will

dramatically affect the cost and sometimes the success of the event Equally important

as you discovered earlier is how you use your time The Greek philosopher

- 22 -

Theophrastus said ldquoTime is the most valuable thing a human can spendrdquo (Goldblatt

2002 p50) Allocate the billable time to follow the five phases of the event process

research design planning coordination and evaluation By paying careful attention to

the research and design phase you will be able to budget the time more precisely This is

particularly true for the event itself Planning the time of an event is as important as

managing your planning time (Goldblatt 2005)

223 Promotion

Goldblatt (2005) believe the best-quality event product but unless it have a strategic

plan for promoting this product it will remain the best kept secret in the world Even

large such as Olympic Game requires well-developed promotion strategies to achieve

the success they require

The promotion strategy to identify for the event requires a careful study of past or

comparable efforts expert guidance from people who have specific expertise in this field

and most important setting benchmarks for specific measurement of the individual

promotion activities

ldquoThere are a variety of ways to measure promotion efforts First you may measure

awareness by your target market Anticipation of the event may be tantamount to

ultimate participation Next you many measure actual attendance and the resulting

investment Finally you may measure the post event attitude of the event promotional

activityrdquo (Goldblatt 2005 p254)

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 20: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 20 -

and Learning Constructs Outputs and Exogenous (External) variables (Abdallat and

Ng et al 2007)

2123 Push and Pull Factors

The lsquolsquoPushndashPullrsquorsquo framework has been utilised by a number of studies to assess the

range of attributes that motivate the desire to go on holiday and the destination choice

Push factors are socialndashpsychological factors that motivate the individual to travel and

the pull factors are qualities of destinations that attract the tourist such as

infrastructure or cultural attractions Of the ten lsquolsquoPushndash Pullrsquorsquo studies reviewed by

Klenosky (2002 cited in Hamilton Maddison and Tola 2004) none explicitly

included origin climate or destination climate as push and pull factors respectively

Nevertheless in his study lsquolsquowarm climatersquorsquo appears as a pull factor and was found to

be important for those interested in relaxing and in getting a suntan However climate

did not make it into the seven most important factors from a group of 53 pull factors

selected using factor analysis by Yuan and MacDonald (1990 cited in Hamilton

Maddison and Tola 2004)

22 Special Event

Events can be classified according to the kinds of activity on which they are based Most

are classified as based on sport the art other entertainments the heritage or food and

drink Events can also be grouped according to their size usually measured by the number

of people who attend (Roberts 2004)

- 21 -

221 Theory of Special Event

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

222 Timing

The planning period is typically the longest period of time in the event management

process Historically this has been due to disorganisation Disorganisation is best

characterized by frequent change resulting from substitutions additions or even

deletions due to poor research and design (Goldblatt 2005)

ldquoThe first question that many event managers ask the clients is When would you like to

schedule the event The answer to that question tells you how much time you have to

prepare Often that timetable may seem incredibly short

The length of time available for planning and for planning and for actual production will

dramatically affect the cost and sometimes the success of the event Equally important

as you discovered earlier is how you use your time The Greek philosopher

- 22 -

Theophrastus said ldquoTime is the most valuable thing a human can spendrdquo (Goldblatt

2002 p50) Allocate the billable time to follow the five phases of the event process

research design planning coordination and evaluation By paying careful attention to

the research and design phase you will be able to budget the time more precisely This is

particularly true for the event itself Planning the time of an event is as important as

managing your planning time (Goldblatt 2005)

223 Promotion

Goldblatt (2005) believe the best-quality event product but unless it have a strategic

plan for promoting this product it will remain the best kept secret in the world Even

large such as Olympic Game requires well-developed promotion strategies to achieve

the success they require

The promotion strategy to identify for the event requires a careful study of past or

comparable efforts expert guidance from people who have specific expertise in this field

and most important setting benchmarks for specific measurement of the individual

promotion activities

ldquoThere are a variety of ways to measure promotion efforts First you may measure

awareness by your target market Anticipation of the event may be tantamount to

ultimate participation Next you many measure actual attendance and the resulting

investment Finally you may measure the post event attitude of the event promotional

activityrdquo (Goldblatt 2005 p254)

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 21: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 21 -

221 Theory of Special Event

A special event is an opportunity for leisure social or cultural experience outside the

normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience (Getz 1997 cited in Laybourn

2004) Roberts (2004 p108) states that ldquoHistorically most leisure events were primarily

for the enjoyment of a local population ndash the church harvest festival the school nativity

play the gardening clubrsquos annual display the village summer carnival ndash but here we are

concerned mainly with the (usually much large) events that attract non-localsrdquo Special

events may have first been used at what is often described as the ldquohappiest place on

earthrdquo what may be the simplest definition of a special event A special events is that

which is different from a normal day of living Special event are researched designed

planned managed coordinated and evaluated does this seemingly spontaneous

program take place every night (Goldblatt 2002 2005)

222 Timing

The planning period is typically the longest period of time in the event management

process Historically this has been due to disorganisation Disorganisation is best

characterized by frequent change resulting from substitutions additions or even

deletions due to poor research and design (Goldblatt 2005)

ldquoThe first question that many event managers ask the clients is When would you like to

schedule the event The answer to that question tells you how much time you have to

prepare Often that timetable may seem incredibly short

The length of time available for planning and for planning and for actual production will

dramatically affect the cost and sometimes the success of the event Equally important

as you discovered earlier is how you use your time The Greek philosopher

- 22 -

Theophrastus said ldquoTime is the most valuable thing a human can spendrdquo (Goldblatt

2002 p50) Allocate the billable time to follow the five phases of the event process

research design planning coordination and evaluation By paying careful attention to

the research and design phase you will be able to budget the time more precisely This is

particularly true for the event itself Planning the time of an event is as important as

managing your planning time (Goldblatt 2005)

223 Promotion

Goldblatt (2005) believe the best-quality event product but unless it have a strategic

plan for promoting this product it will remain the best kept secret in the world Even

large such as Olympic Game requires well-developed promotion strategies to achieve

the success they require

The promotion strategy to identify for the event requires a careful study of past or

comparable efforts expert guidance from people who have specific expertise in this field

and most important setting benchmarks for specific measurement of the individual

promotion activities

ldquoThere are a variety of ways to measure promotion efforts First you may measure

awareness by your target market Anticipation of the event may be tantamount to

ultimate participation Next you many measure actual attendance and the resulting

investment Finally you may measure the post event attitude of the event promotional

activityrdquo (Goldblatt 2005 p254)

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 22: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 22 -

Theophrastus said ldquoTime is the most valuable thing a human can spendrdquo (Goldblatt

2002 p50) Allocate the billable time to follow the five phases of the event process

research design planning coordination and evaluation By paying careful attention to

the research and design phase you will be able to budget the time more precisely This is

particularly true for the event itself Planning the time of an event is as important as

managing your planning time (Goldblatt 2005)

223 Promotion

Goldblatt (2005) believe the best-quality event product but unless it have a strategic

plan for promoting this product it will remain the best kept secret in the world Even

large such as Olympic Game requires well-developed promotion strategies to achieve

the success they require

The promotion strategy to identify for the event requires a careful study of past or

comparable efforts expert guidance from people who have specific expertise in this field

and most important setting benchmarks for specific measurement of the individual

promotion activities

ldquoThere are a variety of ways to measure promotion efforts First you may measure

awareness by your target market Anticipation of the event may be tantamount to

ultimate participation Next you many measure actual attendance and the resulting

investment Finally you may measure the post event attitude of the event promotional

activityrdquo (Goldblatt 2005 p254)

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 23: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 23 -

Marketing communication is more complex today than before In the past customers

received marketing information about goods and service from a limited number of

sources usually mass communication sources such as network television and

newspapers However todayrsquos consumers of both goods and services receive

communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles-targeted magazines

websites direct mail movie theater advertising e-mail solicitation and a host of sales

promotions (ZEITHAML BITNER and GREMLER 2006)

Goldblatt (2002) and OToole (2006) believe there are some typical or traditional

techniques used to promote events Such as advestising public relations word of mouth

and stunts Some events use only one of these techniques other may use all of them to

ensure that their message is message is received and acted upon by their target market

Advestising includes prints and electronic media transportation media advestising

specialties and outdoor media Larger events may use many of these madia resources

while smaller events may carefully target their message to one to two media Public

relations involves informing the media and the target market about the event and

persuading them to support the programs Public relations activities for the event may

include designing printing and distributing media kits producing public service

announcements for television and radio producing and distributing audio and video

news releases (Goldblatt 2002)Word of mouth is unpaid form of promotion in which

satisfied customers tell other people how much they like product (goods or service)

(Entrepreneur 2009) A stunt involves an activity designed to generate media coverage

and attendance by spectators to promote a specific event or series of wvwnt Goldblatt

(2005)

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 24: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 24 -

23 Theme Park

Amusement park Pleasure Park Leisure Park Holiday Park Theme park these are some

of the labels describing sites designed to attract the visitor who wants to spend the day in

an atmosphere of amusement entertainment and new experiences (Dybedal 1998) These

are also offering food drink and souvenirs Amusement parks differ from circuses

carnivals and worlds fairs in that parks are permanently located entertainment complexes

open either all year or seasonally every year (Reed 2007) Dybedal (1998 p34) states that

ldquoa relatively concrete definition describes a theme park as a park consisting of rides and

attractions that are built around a central theme or themes A more functional approach

suggests that theme parks are characterized by the presentation of entertainment activities

retailing and catering within a theme

Wong (1999) states that ldquoTheme parks aim to create the atmosphere of another world and

it is essentially the theme which becomes the main part of a theme park experience

Thematic tourism had become increasingly popular where travel is motivated by an interest

in a particular subject or area rather than by the more traditional motivations such as idyllic

scenery and climate The drawing power of theming is evident in the fact that it has in

recent years become a catalyst for the growth of new destinations based mainly on

thematic leisurerdquo

Wanhill (2002) identifies a suitable definition of a theme park is a family amusement

complex oriented towards a range of subjects or historical periods combining the

continuity of costuming and architecture with entertainment through rides and other

attractions catering and merchandising to provoke an experience for the imagination Also

they believe theme parks are part of the trend to have a condensed leisure product for the

visitor who wants to make maximum use of available holiday time for the family where

the needs of the children have priority

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 25: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 25 -

24 Teenager

241 World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

Young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years old that are often thought of as a

healthy group there are an estimated 12 billion adolescents half of people of the world

are under 25 years They are a period of major physical and psychological change as

well as great changes in social interactions and relationships (WTOb 2009)

Although most adolescents make the transition into adulthood in good health many do

not Some of the health problems faced by adolescents affect them during adolescence

itself Improving the health of school-going adolescents increases their enrolment and

retention in school their cognitive achievements and leads to greater productivity

There is also a need to safeguard investments in child survival and in the education of

children who lived to become adolescents (WTOa 2009)

242 United Nations ldquoYouthrdquo definition

The category of youth it is also important to define between teenagers and young

adults United Nations definition teenagers is between 13 to19 and young adults is 20 to

24 Many countries also draw a line on youth at the age at which a person is given equal

treatment under the law ndash often referred to as the age of majorityrsquo This age is often 18

in many countries and once a person passes this age they are considered to be an adult

However the operational definition and nuances of the term lsquoyouthrsquo often vary from

country to country depending on the specific socio-cultural institutional economic and

political factors

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 26: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 26 -

The total number of youth people including men and women all over the world add up

to more than one billion In 2010 ldquoYouthrdquo people are expected to increase more than

100 million more than half of them are in Asia and the Pacific (United Nations 2009)

Before the middle of this century the elderly and the young people will comprise a

roughly equal share of the worlds population The proportion of those under 14 years of

age will decline by a third from 30 to 20 per cent (see figure 3) The youth population

will decrease from 18 to 14 per cent of the total population (United Nations 2003)

Figure 241 Global population by age group 2000-2050 (United Nations World

Population Prospects 2003)

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 27: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 27 -

243 Population By-census of ldquoYouthsrdquo people

It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every ten years

and a by-census in the middle of the interval period The population

censusesby-censuses are to obtain up-to-date benchmark information on the

socio-economic characteristics of the population and geographical distribution The

topics for the 2006 Population By-census including Demographic and social

characteristics Educational characteristics Internal migration characteristics

Economic characteristics Housing characteristics and Household characteristics

(2006 Population By-census)

2431 Size

In the studies of Population By-census on youths there were different classifications

adopting different age groups for youths may exist depending on the subject matter

concerned Persons aged 15 to 24 or 12 to 24 might be respectively defined as youths

for different objectives In Hong Kong persons aged 15 to 24 have generally been

taken as the target population in planning services for youths (A Profile of Youths

2006)

Thematic Report Youths (2006 p5) state that the youth population increased by 541

167 over the past 45 years (ie from 1961 to 2006) There were 909 005 youths in

Hong Kong in 2006 In terms of the proportion of youths in the total population its

percentage rose from 118 in 1961 to a peak of 230 in 1981 and then dropped

continuously over the past 25 years to 132 in 2006rdquo

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 28: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 28 -

2432 Education

ldquoSchool attendance was common among the youth population The school attendance

rate for the age group 17-18 increased from 639 in 1996 to 828 in 2006 and that

for the age group 19-24 from 210 to 373 Owing to the increased post-secondary

education opportunities in the past ten years the youth population with post-secondary

education had increased substantially both in number and in their share of the

populationrdquo (Thematic Report Youths 2006 p6)

Table 241 Key Statistics of the Youth Population (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

2433 Sex

The sex composition of the youth population can be measured by the sex ratio which

is defined as the number of male youth per 1000 female youths In 1996 male youths

were more than female However the situation reversed in 2001 and 2006 with

slightly more female than male The sax ratio of youth population in 2006 the number

of males was greater than that of female in the group 15-19 (1035 males 1000

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 29: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 29 -

females) but males were far outnumbered by females in the group 20-24 (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006)

Table 242 Youths by Sex and Age Group 1996 2001 and 2006 (Thematic Report

Youths 2006)

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 30: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 30 -

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter is explaining how to design and collect primary data secondary data for this

study There are quantitative questionnaires and focus on the teenagers groups

31 Secondary Research

Some information difficult to research by individual such as the worldwide theme park

attendance in that case the secondary data can find in academic journals magazines and

internet such as Statistical report of Hong Kong Tourism Board theme park attendance of

TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report and annual report of Hong

Kong Ocean Park And the Youths age information also from different

department such as Hong Kong population information was research from Hong

Kong by-census the World Health Organizationrsquo adolescentsrsquo definition

32 Primary Research

ldquoPrimary research is research used to collect data for a specific taskrdquo (Learn Marketing

2008) This study is about can special event affect teenagers repeat visit Ocean Park there

are getting original data by research some data to know about the teenagers think and

analysis the data Primary research is two basic types which is qualitative and quantitative

(DJS Research Ltd 2009)

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 31: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 31 -

321 Research Design

ldquoMarketing research is the collection processing and analysis of informationrdquo (Franses

and Paap 2001 p2) The research of this study is find the teenagers visit Ocean Park

model ndash the reasons of visited Ocean Park which factor attract them and which kind of

promotion they will attend The Questionnaire will use the quantitative to collect the

data

322 Quantitative Models

Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and

phenomena and their relationships The objective of quantitative research is to develop

and employ mathematical models theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural

phenomena (Ziman 2000) The first ad obvious question we need to address is whether

one needs quantitative models in the first place Quantitative models are useful only if

they are considered and applied by those who have the relevant skills and understanding

(Franses and Paap 2001)

323 Pilot Test

Before to the actual distribution the questionnaire there were the 10 samples of pilot

questionnaire to distribute to pilot interviewer from the hospitality tourism and leisure

fields at Chai Wan IVE There was find out some problem in the questionnaire such as

less of option that help to improve the questionnaire quality

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 32: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 32 -

324 Quantitative Research

The questionnaire was developed focus on customer motivation customer loyalty

literature in chapter two The questionnaire (Appendix 1) was focus on the reason of

visit Ocean Park which special event are attracting them and secondly ask about which

ticket are they use how many time they visit a year and personal information as well to

design the questionnaire thus find the relation with the ticket special event and personal

information

Before to design the questionnaire it need to introduce the subject of the questionnaire

and which people available to answer the questionnaire such as did they ever visited

Ocean Park if they did not they follow question is not available because all of

question is according to their experience

Then which ticket are they hold are affect how many time they visited Ocean Park or

how many time they visited are affect which ticket are they hold The type of ticketrsquo

information is search from the Ocean Park website which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketsrdquo that is the normal ticket and customer can purchase that just arrive Ocean Park

ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo is the Ocean Park offer to Hong Kong Residentrsquo enjoy free

admission on their birthday there are three type of annual ticket offered which is

ldquoSmartfun Annual Gold Passrdquo ldquoSmartfun Annual Silver Passrdquo and ldquoSmartfun Student

Annual Passrdquo the gold pass is adult and children can unlimited use it to Ocean Park for a

entire year and the silver pass just unlimited daytime from Mondays to Fridays and

before noon on Saturdays for an entire year (excluding public holidays and special night

events) and student pass just for full-time student who aged 12 or above also can

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 33: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 33 -

unlimited for a entire year ldquoTravel Agency or Group Ticketsrdquo is the customers who

purchase through the travel agency or they organise the group to collective purchase

The reason of visited Ocean Park there were some reasons to attract the customers to

visit Ocean Park which is ldquoAnniversary activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends inviterdquo Family gatheringrdquo

ldquoAnimal attractrdquo ldquoThrill rides attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event attractrdquo ldquoHave annual passrdquo

ldquoTour packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday freerdquo The interviewer had five degrees to provide to

choose that was ldquo1rdquo is strongly disagree ldquo2rdquo is disagree ldquo3rdquo is neutral ldquo4rdquo is agree and

ldquo5rdquo is strongly agree

Next there was the special event appear at Ocean Park in some period Ocean Park call

that ldquoBig Fiverdquo (Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2008) there were ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo

ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo there were also have five

degree to provide It had the question to find are they repeat visit because the special

events and something about the special event such as the atmosphere is match the

season is any related subject they will interest

The questionnaire also find out where did they know the special event in Ocean Park the

option is ldquoNewspaper or magazinerdquo ldquoIn park advertisementrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet

advertisementrdquo ldquoTV advertisementrdquo ldquoOcean Park homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and

Relativesrdquo

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 34: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 34 -

The last section is about the personal information about the interview there were three

questions to identify their gender age and education but the age just focus on the

teenagers that is 18-24 years

325 Data Collection

The primary data is did not exist before we did The primary data collecting methods

include face-to-face interviews telephone interviews online surveys focus group

interviews and questionnaire (TVU 2009) The data collection by primary research

method is often more focus reliable and up-to-date then secondary research (Global

Marketing Online 2005)

To collect the primary data in the study there were designs to the quantitative

questionnaire and change the original questionnaire to Chinese version to connivance the

interviewer to answer that Also it was use personal interview and online survey to

operate the questionnaire 100 questionnaires were collected in Chai Wan IVE and

googlersquo online survey

326 Data analysis

After data were collected data analysis was arrange by the software - Statistical Package

for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 17 Descriptive Statistics methods was base

on the data ndash frequency percentage and mean score to analyse the data it use

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square to analyse the date it could found out the

relationship between the profile of respondents and list out the other frequencies Also

use Compare Means to compare the grade which the respondents gave it were use Mean

One-Sample T-test Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 35: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 35 -

the mean of data These could found out relationship between some factor and the

independent variables such as gender age educational levelshellip)

327 Limitation

There are some constraints in practice the questionnaire such as limited of time lack of

type of respondents and the pilot test of this study only researched the hospitality

tourism and leisure fields these was not generally of the teenagers According to this

study just available for 18 years or above people and the study was focus on teenagers

so that it need to identify the potential respondents and asked them are they within

18-24 years and the questionnaire just suitable for the teenagers who visited Ocean Park

before that were resistance to finish the questionnaire In addition a lot of respondents

were found into IVE their age and educational levels were similar these the result of the

profile of them had not specifically different Also done the pilot test were found out the

respondents prefer to read and finish the Chinese Version questionnaire these was better

to revise the Chinese version for the formal used

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 36: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 36 -

Chapter 4

Results

This chapter was analysis the collected data at chapter three and through Statistical

Package for Social Sciences Program (SPSS) there was interview a hundred people and

through the questionnaire that were found out the relationship between the independent

variables and the customers repeat behaviour It was using Descriptive Statistics including

Frequencies Crosstabs and Chi-square and Compare Means ndash Mean One-Sample T-test

Independent-Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA T-test to analyse the data

41 Teenagers Personal Profile

Due to the target study group is the teenagers which was 18-24 years most of

respondents were 21-22 years that was 58 28 interviews were 23-24 years and

18-20years were 14 Most respondentsrsquo educational background had university level

that is 68 and there was none of respondent educational level was primary school or

below and postgraduate or above Also Female respondents was more than male

respondents according to Chapter two Hong Kong Population By-census showed the

number of females was greater than that of male in the group 20-24 years (918 males

1000 females) (Thematic Report Youths 2006) receive data indicated there were 63

female finish the questionnaire (Table 411)58 respondents were 21 to 22 years among

40 of them had University level and the 68 of the respondents had University level that

was the most of them group (Table 412)

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 37: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 37 -

Variables Frequency ()

Age

18-20 14

21-22 58

23-24 28

Education

Primary school or below 0

Secondary school 19

CollegeTechnical Institute 13

University 68

Postgraduate or above 0

Gender

Male 37

Female 63

Table 411 Profile of teenagers

Age Education Cross tabulation

Count

Education

Total

Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Age 18-20 6 1 7 14

21-22 9 9 40 58

23-24 4 3 21 28

Total 19 13 68 100

Table 412 The Relationship between educational level and age group

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 38: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 38 -

42 Relationship between the visit times and held ticket

Ocean Park provide some tickets type to the customers which is ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo ldquoBirthday Free Admissionrdquo three type of ldquoSmartfun Annual Passrdquo and ldquoTravel

agency Group Ticketsrdquo Using Crosstab found out most of people will consider how

many times they visit thereby decide which ticket were they chose 28 respondents who

visited less than once time a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketrdquo 22 of the

respondents were visit once to three times a year were using ldquoGeneral Admission

Ticketrdquo and 6 respondents were using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (which is the

annual ticket for the students and they can visit Ocean Park at whole year) to visit Ocean

Park Most of respondents who visited ldquofour to six timesrdquo ldquoseven to twelve timesrdquo and

ldquomore than thirteen timesrdquo a year using ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo (Table 42)

Moreover one of ticket was ignored that was the employee free ticket the full-time

employee had irregular to get the free ticket they can gave their friends or family there

were one of ticket to enter Ocean Park

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 39: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 39 -

General

Admissi

on

Tickets

Birthday

Free

Admissi

on

Smartfun

Annual

Gold

Pass

Smartfun

Annual

Silver

Pass

Smartfun

Student

Annual

Pass

Travel

agency

Group

Tickets

Total

Less than once a year 28 1 0 0 0 9 38

One to three times a year 22 1 1 1 6 8 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 0 10 0 12

Seven to twelve times a

year

0 0 1 0 7 0 8

More than thirteen times a

year

0 0 0 0 3 0 3

Total 50 4 2 1 26 17 100

Table 42 The relationship between the visit times and held ticket

43 Reason of visited Ocean Park

ANOVA is most of people will be used for the study that was two groups or more for

comparison ANOVA using the time so that you have categorical variable found out the

different between groups were significant differences exist or not If the significant level

was 005 or less these can observed the differences were significant The reason of

visited aspect there were some factor available to choose which is ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo ldquoFriends Inviterdquo ldquoFamily Gatheringrdquo ldquoAnimal Attractrdquo ldquoThrill Rides

Attractrdquo ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo ldquoTour Packagesrdquo and ldquoBirthday

Freerdquo

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 40: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 40 -

431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

The peoplersquo held tickets type were affect the people interest in the questionnaire had a

questions asked about why did they visit Ocean Park One-way ANOVA indicated

there were two factors - ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo were

affected the educational levels effect (Table 431) The effects were held ticket type

influence the reasons to visit General Admission Tickets respondents were 20 of them

agree because of ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and 16 respondents strongly agree that

Moreover 20 of the respondents held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo agree the

reason to visit Ocean Park as ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo on the contrary 18 held General

Admission Ticket naturally strongly disagree that reason (Table 432)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q9 Between Groups 17574 5 3515 3302 009

Within Groups 100066 94 1065

Total 117640 99

Q10 Between Groups 85387 5 17077 10201 000

Within Groups 157363 94 1674

Total 242750 99

Table 431 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between held tickets type

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 41: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 41 -

Q9

Q3 General Admission Tickets 2 4 8 20 16 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 0 1 1 2 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 0 0 0 0 2 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 1 0 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 1 0 2 8 15 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 1 4 0 12 0 17

Total 4 9 11 41 35 100

Q10

Q3 General Admission Tickets 18 10 9 9 4 50

Birthday Free Admission 0 2 2 0 0 4

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass 1 0 0 1 0 2

Smartfun Annual Silver Pass 0 0 1 0 0 1

Smartfun Student Annual Pass 0 1 2 3 20 26

Travel agency Group Tickets 5 0 3 3 6 17

Total 24 13 17 16 30 100

Table 432 The relationship between held ticket and reason of visited

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 42: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 42 -

432 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

In One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between educational levels and

reason of visited Ocean Park and among nine reasons significant indicated two of

them which were ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo were affected

educational levels influence (Table 433) The different levels respondents were

influence which grades were they gave In anniversary activities factor there were the

mean of the differences levels ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo were 237 ldquoCollegeTechnical

Instituterdquo were 354 and 335 were ldquoUniversityrdquo In special event attract aspect

ldquoSecondary Schoolrdquo was 332 ldquoCollegeTechnical Instituterdquo was 431 and 404 was

ldquoUniversityrdquo (Table 434)

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

Q4 Between Groups 16209 2 8104 5731 004

Within Groups 137181 97 1414

Total 153390 99

Q9 Between Groups 9898 2 4949 4456 014

Within Groups 107742 97 1111

Total 117640 99

Table 433 Comparison of reason to visit Ocean Park between educational levels

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 43: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 43 -

One-sample T-test

Education Q4 Q9

Secondary school Mean 237 332

N 19 19

Std Deviation

1342 1529

CollegeTechnical Institute

Mean 354 431

N 13 13

Std Deviation

1050 630

University Mean 335 404

N 68 68

Std Deviation

1169 953

Total Mean 319 394

N 100 100

Std Deviation

1245 1090

Table 434 Compare means between educational levels affect ldquoAnniversary Activitiesrdquo

(Q4) and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo (Q9)

44 Special event attraction

The respondentsrsquo educational level gender and aged did not influence they gave the

grade of the interested of special event But the frequencies of visited a year were affect

the customers interested grade in the special event and two of event were affect the

teenagers customer repeat visit in the future Ocean Park has five special events called

ldquoBig Fiverdquo which is ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 44: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 44 -

ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas

Sensationrdquo The special event were become annual event in Ocean Park The following

was the analyse the different aspect to influence special event

441 Rank of special event

Through the questionnaire the collected data found out the respondents tendency to

interestrsquo event the most interested was ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo (m=410) second

were ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo (m=357) and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

(m=357) and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo (m=278) was attracted than ldquoFebruaryrsquos

Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo (m=268)

N Mean Std

Deviation Std Error

Mean

Q13 100 268 1171 117

Q14 100 278 1168 117

Q15 100 357 1191 119

Q16 100 410 1068 107

Q17 100 357 1225 122

Table 441 One-Sample T-test of event interested

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 45: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 45 -

442 Relationship between visited frequencies and interestedrsquo special event

Collected data through chi-square tests showed there were relationship between

frequencies of visited Ocean Park and interested of the special event And Crosstab

(Table 442) pointed out ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo had 32 of the respondents

ldquoless interestedrdquo in this event 14 of themrsquo frequencies of visited Ocean Park was ldquoless

than once time a yearrdquo on the other hand ldquoOne to three times a yearrdquo had 12 of

respondents less interested in this event

About ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo there were 30 respondents ldquoless interestedrdquo in this

event they mainly visited Ocean Park ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo and ldquoOne to three

times a yearrdquo The respondents were tendency less interested to ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar

Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo

Contrary to ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo event it had 36 of the respondents chose

ldquointerestedrdquo in this event 16 of them were visiting ldquoless than once time a yearrdquo 25

respondents ldquoVery interestedrdquo in Christmas event they were average distribute on the

five kind of visited frequencies almost all types of visited frequencies were ldquovery

interestedrdquo in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 46: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 46 -

Q13

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q2 Less than once a year 6 14 8 8 2 38

One to three times a year 8 12 17 2 0 39

Four to six times a year 1 4 1 2 4 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 2 3 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 2 1 0 0 3

Total 16 32 29 14 9 100

Q14

Q2 Less than once a year 7 11 14 5 1 38

One to three times a year 6 14 11 6 2 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 2 6 2 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 2 1 4 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 3 0 0 0 3

Total 14 30 29 18 9 100

Q17

Q2 Less than once a year 3 6 8 16 5 38

One to three times a year 4 5 10 13 7 39

Four to six times a year 0 2 0 5 5 12

Seven to twelve times a year

1 0 0 2 5 8

More than thirteen times a year

0 0 0 0 3 3

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 442 Relationship between the frequencies of visited and the interested of special event

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 47: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 47 -

443 Special event attracted repeated visit

Ocean Parkrsquo ldquoBig Fiverdquo annual event drove the last yearrsquos record-breaking attendance

(Ocean Park Annual Report 2008) they hold the special event regularly and they

could increase the attendance in this study through chi-square tests found out some

event can attract visitors repeat visit which is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo and

ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Crosstab indicated 46 of the respondents gave very interested on Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and 45 of them will repeat visit Ocean Park because the special event 31

respondents gave interested to Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 8 of them may not repeat

visit because of the special event 3 respondents the least interested and 2 of them may

not repeat visit (Table 443)

The data signified that 36 of the respondents interested about Christmas Sensation 29

of them will repeat visit 25 the respondents very interest and 25 of them unanimous

they will repeat visit because special event Although 8 of the respondents were the

least interested about Christmas Sensation but 6 of them also repeat visit due to Big

Five (Table 443)

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 48: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 48 -

Q16

Total

The least interested

Less interested Neutral Interested

Very interested

Q18 Yes 1 3 8 23 45 80

No 2 4 5 8 1 20

Total 3 7 13 31 46 100

Q17

Q18 Yes 6 9 11 29 25 80

No 2 4 7 7 0 20

Total 8 13 18 36 25 100

Table 443 Relationship between interested of Christmas Sensation Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash and repeat visit

45 The special event were matched the atmosphere

A hundred respondents had 57 ldquoagreerdquo the event were matching the present atmospheres

that means most of respondents thought Ocean Park successful to make the suitable

atmosphere for example when Ocean Park held ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo they

created the placed the decoration around the park play some terrific music the a

performer to play the role of witch vampires goblinshellipthe facilities related Halloween

like haunted house were provided to the customer and selling some candy and souvenir

made associate with Halloween

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 49: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 49 -

Finger 45 The graph of special event were matched the atmosphere

46 Additional charge for special event

Ocean Park has one event charged the additional charge that is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween

Bashrdquo Due to this event was held at evening Ocean Park daytime was normal operated

after the normal operated time held daytime tickets guest need to leave the park and

could not participate the Halloween facilities if the customers want to enjoy the

Halloween facilities must purchase another tickets to enter the park Question 20 was

asking about is reasonable if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for special event

It found out mean is 263 19 of the respondents strongly disagree and 32 of the

respondents disagree if Ocean Park imposes the additional charge for other special event

because Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash had been charged already

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 50: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 50 -

Q20

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly disagree

19 190 190 190

Disagree 32 320 320 510

Neutral 22 220 220 730

Agree 21 210 210 940

Strongly agree 6 60 60 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 46 The frequencies of additional charge

47 Increase more events more interest to repeat visit

The respondentsrsquo educational level and age both did not affect they interested to repeat

visit because Ocean Park increase the event variety On the other hand Chi-Square test

showed (sig=0006) there were influence ldquoincrease more event will interest to repeat

visitrdquo and ldquorepeat visited because Special eventrdquo the respondents who decided to repeat

visited Ocean Park because of the special event attracted If Ocean Park hold more

different type of event (m=393) 30 of them were very interested to repeat because of

this and 31 of them also interested (Table 47)

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 51: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 51 -

Q18

Total

Yes No

Q21 Strongly disagree 1 2 3

Disagree 1 2 3

Neutral 17 6 23

Agree 31 9 40

Strongly agree 30 1 31

Total 80 20 100

Table 47 The relationship between increases more events will interest to repeat visit

and repeat visited because special event

48 Most preferred event Ocean Park to increase

In the question 22 it was four choice of subject related event available to the

respondents chose they could chose their interested subject related event which is

ldquoFestival relatedrdquo ldquoMarine relatedrdquo ldquoMammals relatedrdquo and ldquoReptile relatedrdquo

According to above analysis 80 of the respondents will repeat visited because the

special event and 61 of them were interest to repeat visit if Ocean Park hold more type of

event Collected data showed 60 of the respondent were interesting with festival related

such as Valentines Day and 26 of them chose marine relational in order to dolphin sea

lion medusa etc as the subject Mammals related such as sea lion giant panda red

Panda etc were 10 respondents chose Finally least of respondentrsquos interested reptile

related that were 4 of them to choose Ocean Park can consider increasing the festival

related event first next to consider the marines and mammals related thus attract more

customers to repeat visit (Finger 48)

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 52: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 52 -

Finger 48 The related subject of interest

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid Festival related 60 600 600 600

Marine related 26 260 260 860

Mammals related 10 100 100 960

Reptile related 4 40 40 1000

Total 100 1000 1000

Table 48 The related subject of interest

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 53: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 53 -

49 The Promotion of Special Event

If understand how did teenagers know the special event these can specific to use that

method to promote thus increase teenagers group customers Teenager customers had the

following method to know the special event which is ldquoNewspaper or Magazine

Advertisingrdquo ldquoIn-Park Advertisingrdquo ldquoBillboardsrdquo ldquoInternet Advertisingrdquo ldquoTelevision

Advertisingrdquo ldquoOcean Park Homepagerdquo and ldquoFriends and Relativesrdquo Collected data

signified that 79 of the teenagers knew the special event through the television

advertising secondly was newspaper or magazine advertising were 61 respondents

attended than 53 of them were through internet advertising knew special event and 43

were knew from friends and relatives Other three methods ndash in-park advertising

billboards and Ocean Park homepage there were less than thirty respondents knew

special event from that (Table 491) There were ignored one promotion method it was

the membership letter when the customer apply for the Smartfun Annual Pass Member

Ocean Park were send the mail to them regularly the customer could know through that

method

Ticked Not ticked Total

Newspaper or Magazine 61 39 100

In-park advertising 26 74 100

Billboards 26 74 100

Internet advertising 53 47 100

TV advertising 79 21 100

Ocean Park homepage 24 76 100

Friends and Relatives 43 57 100

Table 491 The teenagers knew the special events advertising type

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 54: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 54 -

491 Relationship between promoted method and special event attraction

The following were compare mean on interested of event and promoted method there

were found out the relationship between that two aspect On newspaper or Magazine

most respondents through that method to know Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=418)

the next were attended Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=359) Christmas

Sensation (m=348) Major respondents attended Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash (m=443)

in in-park advertising moreover Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania (m=400) and

Christmas event (m=396) were also attract their attention The subject of Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniarsquo billboards (m=412) was most engaged respondents

attention Most respondents were interested of Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash that were

the best attended on other method of promotion including internet advertising

(m=436) television advertising (m=411) Ocean Park homepage (m=421) and

Friends and Relatives (m=419)

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 55: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 55 -

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17

Newspaper or Magazine Mean 267 275 359 418 348

N 61 61 61 61 61

Std Deviation

1165 1206 1230 958 1324

In park advertising Mean 296 292 400 423 396

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

1183 1129 1296 992 1280

Billboards Mean 285 281 412 408 392

N 26 26 26 26 26

Std Deviation

967 981 1143 1230 1262

Internet advertising Mean 281 291 383 436 377

N 53 53 53 53 53

Std Deviation

1178 1148 1189 834 1266

TV advertising Mean 257 277 362 411 354

N 79 79 79 79 79

Std Deviation

1094 1165 1191 1074 1238

Ocean Park homepage Mean 300 296 371 421 404

N 24 24 24 24 24

Std Deviation

1180 1083 1197 1103 1233

Friends and Relatives Mean 272 267 363 419 356

N 43 43 43 43 43

Std Deviation

1161 1190 1155 880 1297

Table 492 Compare mean between promotion method and special event attraction

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 56: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 56 -

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

51 Conclusions

The findings of study provide the information to know the factor affect the teenaged

customer to repeated visits Ocean Park because of special event Although the data is not

represent the general teenagers in Hong Kong that is the limitation in this study

Thought this study there are find out some Secondary data from different deportment

these cannot research along these information found out need any time and lobar Such as

Hong Kong by- by-census TEAERA theme park attractions attendance report

2007hellip

This study is focus on teenaged customer of Ocean Park the finding of study showed most

respondents is 21 to 22 years and 40 of themrsquo educational level are university level and

female respondents is more male than 26

The results of this study signified that most of teenagers were visit Ocean Park one to three

times a year and they usually held General Admission Tickets and the customers have

many reason to visit Ocean Park three of them was affected ticketing effect which is

ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo and ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo held ldquoGeneral Admission Ticketsrdquo

respondents were agree the reason of visit is ldquoSpecial event Attractrdquo also the respondents

who is held ldquoSmartfun Student Annual Passrdquo naturally because of ldquoHave Annual Passrdquo to

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 57: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 57 -

visit Ocean Park Moreover 68 respondents have university level ldquoAnniversary

Activitiesrdquo and ldquoSpecial Event Attractrdquo factor affected from educational levels

Ocean Park has five special annual events called ldquoBig Fiverdquo the results indicate that

respondents have most interestedrsquo event is ldquoOctoberrsquos Halloween Bashrdquo the interest mean

are 410 next is ldquoSummer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Maniardquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo Also the

visited times are influence the interest of some event the respondents tendency to less

interest of ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos Animal Monthrdquo On the contrary

many teenagers interest in ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo

Besides that the special event also attract the customers repeated visit ldquoOctoberrsquos

Halloween Bashrdquo and ldquoChristmas Sensationrdquo are the most affected event 45 of very

interested in Octoberrsquos Halloween Bashrsquos respondents will repeat visit because the event

and 29 of respondents interest in Christmas Sensation they will repeat visit as well

Exceed half respondent think Ocean Park special event can matched the seasonably

atmosphere then most of respondents disagree the special event charged the additional

charge On the other hand 80 of respondents will repeat visit because of the special

event and 60 of them agree if Ocean Park have more interest to repeat visit furthermore

most interest subject of increasing event is ldquofestival relatedrdquo the next is ldquoMarine relatedrdquo

the least interest subject is ldquoreptile relatedrdquo

About the promotion of the event most of people know the event through the television

advertising the second is through newspaper or magazine advertising and the third is

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 58: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 58 -

internet advertising Also except the Billboards attracting people to attend about Summer

Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania other method on promotion is attracting to Octoberrsquos Halloween

Bash

52 Recommendations

Ocean Park are proceeded to renew the facilities in order to increase the attendance

the innovative facilities and the novel special event are more fit the teenagers

market through the result Ocean Park can focus on some aspect to improve The

following is the suggestion according to this study

First the customers who using General Admission Ticket are interest of special

event attraction they will visit Ocean Park because of the event and that

customers will repeat visit because of the event Ocean Park can hold more

subjectrsquo event such as the most respondents interested festival related event for

example Valentines Day they can increase some decoration and program about the

Valentines Day to attract the youths lovers or couple And they can hold the other related

event on the low season such as marine or mammals related It can create the package

include meal to promote to a pair of customers to attract the interest of festival relatedrsquo

customers Besides the Smartfun Annual Pass is attracting more attendance they have the

annual pass naturally visited times more than other present have the Smartfun student

annual pass can engage the full-time student so that add more promotion on the annual

pass make more people know that ticket exist and that may increase the attendance thus

increase the in-park spending

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 59: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 59 -

Ocean Park has five events but customers just interested three of them the result indicate

that the customers are less interest in ldquoFebruaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiestardquo and ldquoEasterrsquos

Animal Monthrdquo Ocean Park could arrange the variety program within the event

Otherwise the event which are attracting customers can enhance the value for example

Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash is very popular with the customers Ocean Park can concern

more the detail of the ghost houses and decoration make them enjoy the unforgettable

experience thus increase the word of mouth

Finally the promotion of the special event is very important to attract the customer the

finding of this study showed the useful information that is understand the teenaged

customers know the eventrsquos method they usually through the television advertising

newspaper or magazine advertising internet advertising Almost every home have a

television and newspaper and magazine are selling every time event where customers are

easy to contact more attraction special and stand out advertisement will easy to attract

more people attend

But there are change of technology communicate most teenagers are touch the computer

more than television so that it can increase the advertisement into the famous website

such as Yahoo facebook or some forum the teenagers watching opportunity may better

than television advertisement Also Ocean Park can design some discount coupon to

upload to the website and homepage and welcome to download the people may anxious to

get things on the cheap thus visit Ocean Park these can increase the teenaged customers as

well as increase all type of customers

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 60: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 60 -

Reference

ABDALLAT Muhannad MA PhD (2007) Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud

University

DJS Research Ltd (2009) What is Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th

February 2009 at wwwmarketresearchworldnet

DYBEDAL Petter (1998) Theme Parks as Flagship Attractions in Peripheral Area

Unit of Tourism Research at Research Centre of Bornholm

Entrepreneur (2009) Word-of-Mouth Advertising [online] Last accessed 31th March

2009 at httpwwwentrepreneurcomencyclopediaterm82660html

Farlex (2007) Theme Parks definition of Theme Parks [online] Last accessed 30th

March 2009 at httpencyclopedia2thefreedictionarycomTheme+Parks

FRANSES Philip Hans and PAAP Richard (2001) Quantitative models in marketing

research Cambridge University Press

GAWEL Joseph E (1997) Herzbergs theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of

needs Practical Assessment Research amp Evaluation 5(11) [online] Last accessed 20th

March 2009 at httpPAREonlinenetgetvnaspv=5ampn=11

Global Marketing Online (2005) [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwwwuarkedugmsstutormr_methodshtml

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2002) Special Event twenty-first century global event

management 3rd Ed New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 61: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 61 -

GOLDBLATT Joe Jeff (2005) Special events event leadership for a new world 4th Ed

New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc

GRIFFIN Jill (2002) Customer Loyalty ndash How to Earn It How to Keep It San

Francisco Jossey-Bass

HAMILTON Jacqueline M MADDISONDavid J and TOL Richard SJ (2004) Climate

change and international tourism A simulation study Global Environmental Change 15

253ndash266

Hkheadlinecom (2008) Election of top ten landmark of Hong Kong champion is

Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwhkheadlinecomnewsheadline_news_detailaspid=50755

Howard and Sheth (1969) The Theory of Buyer Behavior Wiley

HOWARD John A (1989) Consumer behavior in marketing strategy Englewood Cliffs

NJ Prentice Hall

LAYBOURN Phyllis (2004) Risk and decision marketing in events management

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

Learn Marketingnet (2008) Primary Research [online] Last accessed 17th February

2009 at httpwwwlearnmarketingnet

MBA lib (2009) Howard-Sheth Model [online] Last accessed 27th February 2009 at

httpwikimbalibcom

Ng Yau Lung et al (2007) The design principles of the consumer desirersquo action

business website

Ocean Park (2008) Ocean Park Corporation Annual Report 2007 -2008

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 62: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 62 -

Ocean Park Hong Kong (2008) [online] Last accessed 07th March 2009 at

httpwwwoceanparkcomhk

Ofwhk (2007) Tourist Spot - Ocean Park [online] Last accessed 01st February 2009 at

httpwwwofwhkcomcontentview111163

OToole WJ (2006) Event Promotion [online]EPMS Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpwww-personalusydeduau~wotooleEPMS_PlanningFunction_areaspromotionht

m

Our Ocean Park ndash 30 Years of Memories (2007) BBLUESKY

Population By-census (2006) A Profile of Youths Hong Kong Census and Statistics

Department Hong Kong

Population By-census (2006) Thematic Report Youths Hong Kong Census and

Statistics Department

PRASARNPHANICH Pattarawan PhD (2007) Does Trust Matter to Develop Customer

Loyalty in Online Business Department of Information Systems City University of

Hong Kong

REED Martin (2007) The importance of repeat visitors [online] Community spark

Last accessed 29th March 2009 at httpwwwcommunitysparkcom

ROBBINS Stephen P and COULTER Mary (2007) Management 9th ed Upper Saddle

River New Jersey Person Education Inc p246-253

ROBERTS Ken (2004) The Leisure Industries Palgrave Macmillan

TEAERA Attractions Attendance Report 2007 (2007) Thorburn Associates Acoustic

and Technology Consultants

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 63: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 63 -

TVU (2009) Dissertation Guide [online] Last accessed 30th March 2009 at

httpbrenttvuacukdissguidehm1homehtm

YEOMAN Ian et al (2004) Festival and event management Butterworth-Heinemann

United Nations (2009) [online] Last accessed 20th March 2009 at httpwwwunorg

United Nations (2005)Intergenerational Relations [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinwpayintergenerationalhtm

United Nations (2003)United Nations World Population Prospects the 2002

Revision Volume II Sex and Age New York

United Nations (2009)Youth Development Indicators [online] Last accessed 24th March

2009 at httpwwwunorgesasocdevunyinyouthindicators1htm

WANHILL Stephen (2002) Creating Themed Entertainment Attractions a Nordic

Perspective Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Vol 2 No 2 P 123-144

WHO (1999) Programming for adolescent health and development [online] Last

accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthdocumentstrs_886enindexhtml

WONG Kevin K F (1999) Strategic theming in theme park marketing Journal of

Vacation Marketing Vol 5 No 4 319-332

WTOa (2009) Health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointchild_adolescent_healthtopicsprevention_careadolescentenindexht

ml

WTOb (2009) Adolescent health [online] Last accessed 20th February 2009 at

httpwwwwhointtopicsadolescent_healthenindexhtml

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 64: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 64 -

WUORIO Jeff (2007) How to Get Repeat Customers 7 Steps Newsletter Articles

[online] Last accessed 29 March 2009 at httpwwwemazzantinetemail124

ZEITHAML Valarie A BITNER Mary Jo and GREMLER Dwayne D (2006) Services

Marketing 4 th ed US McGraw-Hill

ZIMAN John (2000) Real Science what it is and what it means Cambridge UK

Cambridge University Press

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 65: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 65 -

Appendices A ndash Questionnaire

Questionnaire

I am an Undergraduate student of Sheffield Hallam University I am conducting the survey for my dissertation regarding the reasons of teenager revisit the Ocean Park Please spare a few minutes to complete the Questions Thank you for your cooperation This questionnaire is only for aged 18 - 24

Please choose only ONE answer for each question

1 Have you ever visited Ocean Park before

Yes (please continues to Q2)

No (Thank You for your cooperation)

2 How often do you visit Ocean Park per year Less than once a year One to three times a year Four to six times a year Seven to twelve times a year More than thirteen times a year

3 Which ticket are you using

General Admission Tickets Birthday Free Admission

Smartfun Annual Gold Pass Smartfun Annual Silver Pass

Smartfun Student Annual Pass Travel Agency Group Tickets

Why did you visit Ocean Park (ldquo1rdquois strongly disagree ldquo5rdquois strongly agree)

4 Anniversary Activities 1 2 3 4 5

5 Friends Invite 1 2 3 4 5

6 Family Gathering 1 2 3 4 5

7 Animal Attract 1 2 3 4 5

8 Thrill Rides Attract 1 2 3 4 5

9 Special Event Attract 1 2 3 4 5

10 Have Annual Pass 1 2 3 4 5

11 Tour Packages 1 2 3 4 5

12 Birthday Free 1 2 3 4 5

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 66: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 66 -

Which events are interesting you (ldquo1rdquo is the lowest interest ldquo5rdquo is the most interest)

13 Februaryrsquos Lunar Lucky Fiesta 1 2 3 4 5

14 Easterrsquos Animal Month 1 2 3 4 5

15 Summer Wetrsquon Wild Panda Mania 1 2 3 4 5

16 Octoberrsquos Halloween Bash 1 2 3 4 5

17 Christmas Sensation 1 2 3 4 5

18 Do special event attract you to repeat visit Ocean Park

Yes No

(ldquo1rdquo is the strongest disagree ldquo5rdquo is the strongest agree)

19 Do you think the special event is matched the atmosphere

1 2 3 4 5

20 Is that reasonable if Ocean Park impose the additional charge for special event

1 2 3 4 5

21 If Ocean Park add more special event would you having more interest to repeat visit

1 2 3 4 5

22 Which special event you most prefer Ocean Park to increase

Festival related

Marine related

Mammals related

Reptile related

23 How did you know the special event of Ocean Park (can choose more than 1)

Newspaper or Magazine In park Advertisement

Billboards Internet Advertisement

TV Advertisement Ocean Park Homepage

Friends and Relatives

24 Gender Male Female

25 Age 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 Education Primary school or below Secondary school

CollegeTechnical Institute University

Postgraduate or above

- End of the Questionnaire -

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 67: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 67 -

Appendices B ndash Questionnaire Chinese Version

問卷調查

我是英國雪菲爾哈倫大學款接業商業管理(榮譽)理學士的學生這份問題是關於年青人是否

因為海洋公園的特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)而再次探訪海洋公園你的意見將會為我

帶來很大的幫助感謝你的寶貴時間和意見

此問卷只適用於 18 至 24 歲

1 你曾經到訪過海洋公園嗎

是 (請繼續第二題)

否 (謝謝你的幫忙問卷完結)

2 你一年去多少次海洋公園 少過一次 一年一次至三次 一年四次至六次 一年七次至十二次 一年多過十三次

3 你用那一種門票進場

正價入場門票 香港人生日免費入場

智紛全年入場證金卡 智紛全年入場證銀卡

智紛學生全年入場證 旅行社優惠票團體票

為什麼探訪海洋公園呢 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

4 週年活動 1 2 3 4 5

5 朋友邀請 1 2 3 4 5

6 家庭聯誼 1 2 3 4 5

7 動物吸引 1 2 3 4 5

8 機動遊戲吸引 1 2 3 4 5

9 特別活動吸引 1 2 3 4 5

10 擁有全年入場證 1 2 3 4 5

11 旅行套票 1 2 3 4 5

12 生日免費入場 1 2 3 4 5

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上

Page 68: BSc (Honours) Hospitality Business Managementcwstudent.vtc.edu.hk/lrc/e-dissertation_cw/pdf_files/shu_hbm/SHU... · Appendices A – Questionnaire ... ‘Dolphin University’

- 68 -

那一個特別活動會吸引你 (ldquo1rdquo是非常不吸引ldquo5rdquo是非常吸引)

13 海洋公園大團拜 1 2 3 4 5

14 海洋公園動物月 1 2 3 4 5

15 海洋公園夏水禮 1 2 3 4 5

16 海洋公園十月全城哈囉喂 1 2 3 4 5

17 海洋公園聖誕全城 HO HO HO 1 2 3 4 5

18 特別活動(例如 十月全城哈囉喂)是否會吸引你重覆探訪海洋公園

是 否

(ldquo1rdquo是非常不同意ldquo5rdquo是非常同意)

19 你認為海洋公園的特別活動是否配合氣氛

呢 1 2 3 4 5

20 如果海洋公園的特別活動另外收費是否合

理 1 2 3 4 5

21 如果海洋公園加更多特別活動會否吸引你

重覆探訪海洋公園 1 2 3 4 5

22 如果另外加更多特別活動以下那些主題會吸引你

有關節日

有關海洋生物

有關哺乳動物

有關爬行動物

23 你如何得知海洋公園舉辦那些特別活動 (可選多過一個)

報紙及雜誌 場內廣告

廣告板 互聯網廣告

電視廣告 海洋公園主頁

朋友親戚

24 性別 男 女

25 年齡 18 - 20 21 - 22 23 - 24

26 學歷 小學或以下 中學

職業工業學院 大學

研究生或以上