bsa troop 780 presents computer merit badge requirement #2 bsa troop 780

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BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

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Page 1: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

BSA Troop 780 Presents

Computer

Merit Badge

Requirement #2BSA Troop 780

Page 2: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER

A SHORT HISTORY

Page 3: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

• 1000 BC: The first calculating device

ABACUS was invented in Egypt .

• The abacus is still in use in some countries.

ABACUSABACUS

Page 4: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

• 1642: A Frenchman Blaise Pascal introduced the first mechanical calculating device.

• It could do both addition and subtraction.

PASCALINE

Page 5: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

• 1833: Charles Babbage professor of mathematics at the Cambridge University with the assistance of Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace developed a machine that could store information, calculate numbers and solve algebraic expression.

Page 6: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

• 1887:A statistician named Herman Hollerith developed a machine called the census machine for the census bureau. It was capable of reading numbers, characters, and also special symbols.

Page 7: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

• 1930: Howard Aikens and Grace Hooper developed an electrically operated machine which could calculate , store data, read characters and also special symbols. The machine was gigantic in size. It was named Harvard Mark 1

Page 8: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

• 1945 : First electronic general purpose calculator ,ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator ) built in U.S ,weighs 33 tons consumes 150 kw and averages 5000 operations per second

Page 9: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

• 1947 : Transistor, essential storage device for computers

invented by American engineers William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter

Bartain .

Page 10: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

• 1948 :First stored program computer, Manchester Mark 1 , built in UK. Using valves , it can perform about 500 operations per second and has the first RAM . It fills a room the size of a small office.

Manchester Mark 1

Page 11: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

• 1951 : Early computer game , Nim , played by Ferranti Nimrod computer at the Festival of Britain.

Ferranti Nimrod Computer

Page 12: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

• 1957:FORTRAN ( Formula Translator) Programming language invented at IBM.

• 1958:Integrated Circuit (microchip) produced by American engineer Jack Kilby. His circuit is made of a single piece of semiconductor.

Jack Kilby

Page 13: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

• 1964: BASIC (Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is created by professors at Dartmouth College ,US. BASIC later becomes popular among personal computers.

• 1965: First commercially successful microcomputer, DEC PDP-8 is produced in US. It sits on a desktop.

DEC PDP-8

Page 14: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

• 1971: First microprocessor chip , the Intel 4004, produced in US. It performs 60000 operations per second.

• 1975: Microsoft founded by American businessmen Bill Gates and Paul Allen . They developed DOS which later becomes the dominant operating system for computers.

Bill Gates

Page 15: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

• 1976: CRAY-1 supercomputer built . Word processors for personal computers , Electric Pencil, developed. ‘Apple’ computer company formed.

Cray-1 Supercomputer

Page 16: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

• 1977: Mass produced personal computer, Commodore PET (Personal Electronic Transactor ) appears.

Commodore PET

Page 17: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

• 1979: Application software for personal computers , ‘VisiCalc’, appears. A spread sheet program, it sells 100,000 copies the first year.

VisiCalc

Page 18: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

• 1981: First portable computer, Osborne 1, produced. At the size and weight of a sewing machine, however, it is much less convenient than current portable computers.Osborne 1

Page 19: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

• 1981: IBM launches IBM PC on the personal computer market. IBM makes the first massive sales in the personal computer market.

IBM PC

Page 20: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

• 1984: Apple Macintosh computer becomes first successful personal computer with a mouse and easy to use Graphic User Interface (GUI).

GUI

Page 21: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

• 1985: Microsoft launches Windows for PC . Windows is a GUI similar to Mac’s, making personal computer much easier to use.

Page 22: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

• 1990 : IBM Pentium PC produced. It holds up to 4,000 mega bytes of RAM and can perform up to 112 million instructions per seconds. The microprocessor chip at the heart of the computer measures 16mm by 17mm and contains 3.1 million transistors . It is designed using a system called VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration).VLSI Program

Page 23: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

Generations Of

Computers

Generation

Dates Characteristic

1st 1944-59 Use Valves (Vacuum tubes)

2nd 1959-64 Use transistors

3rd 1964-75 Large Scale Integrated Circuits

4th 1975- Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits

5th Under develop

ment

“Artificial Intelligence” based computers

Page 24: BSA Troop 780 Presents Computer Merit Badge Requirement #2 BSA Troop 780

Anatomy Of A Computer

• Every computer has four basic parts, or units: an input unit such as the keyboard, that feeds information into the computer; a central processing unit (CPU) that performs the various tasks of the computer; an output unit , such as a monitor , that displays the results; a memory unit that stores information and instructions.