brookhaven science associates the future of rhic quark matter 2005, budapest samuel aronson, bnl...

Brookhaven Science Associates

The Future of RHICThe Future of RHICQuark Matter 2005, BudapestQuark Matter 2005, Budapest

Samuel Aronson, BNLSamuel Aronson, BNLAugust 8, 2005August 8, 2005

►Past & present – 2000 - 2005Past & present – 2000 - 2005►Near-term future – 2006 - 2012Near-term future – 2006 - 2012

►Longer-term future – 2013 - 2020Longer-term future – 2013 - 2020

Quark Matter 2005, BudapestQuark Matter 2005, BudapestSamuel Aronson, BNLSamuel Aronson, BNL

August 8, 2005August 8, 2005

►Past & present – 2000 - 2005Past & present – 2000 - 2005►Near-term future – 2006 - 2012Near-term future – 2006 - 2012

►Longer-term future – 2013 - 2020Longer-term future – 2013 - 2020

Quark Matter 2005, Budapest2


STARSTAR

•7 coupled accelerators•Nucleus –nucleus collider from

20-200GeV/nucleon• Symmetric or asymmetric

species•Polarized p-p collisions up to

0.5TeV

•Both capabilities unique world-wide



RHIC – a Uniquely Flexible High Luminosity RHIC – a Uniquely Flexible High Luminosity ColliderCollider

RHIC – a Uniquely Flexible High Luminosity RHIC – a Uniquely Flexible High Luminosity ColliderCollider

(Nucleon-pair luminosity A1A2L allows comparison of different species)

Luminosity increased by 2 orders of magnitude in 4 years.

Luminosity increased by 2 orders of magnitude in 4 years.

RHIC nucleon-pair luminosity delivered to PHENIX



Delivered Luminosity (Physics Weeks)Summary of RHIC Runs 1-5Summary of RHIC Runs 1-5Summary of RHIC Runs 1-5Summary of RHIC Runs 1-5

Year Run Plan Sample Physics 2001 Au-Au at 130 GeV/A 20 b-1 (6 wks) First look at RHIC collisions

2001 – 2002

Au-Au at 200 GeV/A Comm./run pp at 200 GeV Au-Au at inj. E: 19 GeV/A

260 b-1 (16wks) 1.4 pb-1 (5 wks) 0.4 b-1 (1 day)

Global properties; particle spectra; first look at hard scattering. Comparison data and first spin run Global connection to SPS energy range

2003 d-Au at 200 GeV/A

pp at 200 GeV

74 nb-1 (10wks) 5 pb-1 (6 wks)

Comparison data for Au-Au analysis; low-x physics in cold nuclear matter Spin Development & Comparison data

2004 Au-Au at 200 GeV/A

Au-Au at 62 GeV/A pp at 200 GeV

3740 b-1(12wks) 67 b-1 (3wks) 100 pb-1 (7wks)

“Long Run” for high statistics, rare events Energy Scan Spin Development: Commission jet target First measurements with longitudinal spin pol.

2005 Cu-Cu at 200 GeV/A

Cu-Cu at 62 GeV/A Cu-Cu at 22 GeV/A pp at 200 GeV pp at 410 GeV

42 nb-1 8wks 1.5 nb-1 12 days 18 b-1 39 hrs 30 pb-1 10 wks 0.1 pb-1 1 day

Comparison studies: surface/volume & impact parameter effects; Energy Scan Spin Development: Lum., Polarization First long data run for spin



RHIC Program RHIC Program AccomplishmentsAccomplishments

RHIC Program RHIC Program AccomplishmentsAccomplishments

► Five spectacularly successful annual runs Five spectacularly successful annual runs Physics discoveries: a new state of matter, “perfect Physics discoveries: a new state of matter, “perfect

liquid”liquid” Scores of refereed papers, thousands of citationsScores of refereed papers, thousands of citations Machine performance meeting and exceeding goalsMachine performance meeting and exceeding goals

► Recently published peer-reviewed retrospectives Recently published peer-reviewed retrospectives on the first 3 years of heavy ion physicson the first 3 years of heavy ion physics Nuclear Physics A757 (in print Nuclear Physics A757 (in print today today 8 August 2005)8 August 2005) OnlineOnline Where are we in the discovery phase? Where are we in the discovery phase?

► Large new Au+Au and Cu+Cu samples (Runs 4 & Large new Au+Au and Cu+Cu samples (Runs 4 & 5)5)

► Many new results from these here in BudapestMany new results from these here in Budapest

► Five spectacularly successful annual runs Five spectacularly successful annual runs Physics discoveries: a new state of matter, “perfect Physics discoveries: a new state of matter, “perfect

liquid”liquid” Scores of refereed papers, thousands of citationsScores of refereed papers, thousands of citations Machine performance meeting and exceeding goalsMachine performance meeting and exceeding goals

► Recently published peer-reviewed retrospectives Recently published peer-reviewed retrospectives on the first 3 years of heavy ion physicson the first 3 years of heavy ion physics Nuclear Physics A757 (in print Nuclear Physics A757 (in print today today 8 August 2005)8 August 2005) OnlineOnline Where are we in the discovery phase? Where are we in the discovery phase?

► Large new Au+Au and Cu+Cu samples (Runs 4 & Large new Au+Au and Cu+Cu samples (Runs 4 & 5)5)

► Many new results from these here in BudapestMany new results from these here in Budapest

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03759474



DiscoveriesDiscoveriesDiscoveriesDiscoveries► We’ve learned we can do definitive studies of We’ve learned we can do definitive studies of

QCD at very high energy density in the QCD at very high energy density in the laboratory!laboratory!

► These measurements tell us the following about These measurements tell us the following about the matter produced at RHIC:the matter produced at RHIC: Energy density > 15 GeV/fmEnergy density > 15 GeV/fm33, T ~ 200 MeV, T ~ 200 MeV

► Sufficient to induce phase transitionsSufficient to induce phase transitions► Consistent with production from initial state with gluon Consistent with production from initial state with gluon

saturationsaturation Extraordinary parton energy lossExtraordinary parton energy loss

► ~Opaque to partons, ~transparent to leptons and photons~Opaque to partons, ~transparent to leptons and photons Thermalizes extremely rapidly, highly collective Thermalizes extremely rapidly, highly collective

motionmotion► Consistent with zero viscosity hydrodynamic models Consistent with zero viscosity hydrodynamic models ► ““Perfect liquid”Perfect liquid”

Consistent with a strongly coupled plasma of quarks & Consistent with a strongly coupled plasma of quarks & gluonsgluons

► We’ve learned we can do definitive studies of We’ve learned we can do definitive studies of QCD at very high energy density in the QCD at very high energy density in the laboratory!laboratory!

► These measurements tell us the following about These measurements tell us the following about the matter produced at RHIC:the matter produced at RHIC: Energy density > 15 GeV/fmEnergy density > 15 GeV/fm33, T ~ 200 MeV, T ~ 200 MeV

► Sufficient to induce phase transitionsSufficient to induce phase transitions► Consistent with production from initial state with gluon Consistent with production from initial state with gluon

saturationsaturation Extraordinary parton energy lossExtraordinary parton energy loss

► ~Opaque to partons, ~transparent to leptons and photons~Opaque to partons, ~transparent to leptons and photons Thermalizes extremely rapidly, highly collective Thermalizes extremely rapidly, highly collective

motionmotion► Consistent with zero viscosity hydrodynamic models Consistent with zero viscosity hydrodynamic models ► ““Perfect liquid”Perfect liquid”

Consistent with a strongly coupled plasma of quarks & Consistent with a strongly coupled plasma of quarks & gluonsgluons



A vision of the future of RHIC: A vision of the future of RHIC: “QCDLab”“QCDLab”

A vision of the future of RHIC: A vision of the future of RHIC: “QCDLab”“QCDLab”

► Discoveries at RHIC Discoveries at RHIC Compelling QCD questions: Compelling QCD questions: The nature of confinementThe nature of confinement The structure of quark-gluon matter above TThe structure of quark-gluon matter above TCC

The low-x and spin structure of hadronic matterThe low-x and spin structure of hadronic matter

► Compelling questions Compelling questions evolution of the Facility evolution of the Facility 10-fold increase in luminosity (to 40 x design)10-fold increase in luminosity (to 40 x design)

► e-cooling @ full energye-cooling @ full energy

New detector capabilitiesNew detector capabilities 50-fold increase in 50-fold increase in lattice gaugelattice gauge computing power computing power

applied to finite temperature QCDapplied to finite temperature QCD eRHICeRHIC: e-A and polarized e-p collisions, new detector: e-A and polarized e-p collisions, new detector

► Discoveries at RHIC Discoveries at RHIC Compelling QCD questions: Compelling QCD questions: The nature of confinementThe nature of confinement The structure of quark-gluon matter above TThe structure of quark-gluon matter above TCC

The low-x and spin structure of hadronic matterThe low-x and spin structure of hadronic matter

► Compelling questions Compelling questions evolution of the Facility evolution of the Facility 10-fold increase in luminosity (to 40 x design)10-fold increase in luminosity (to 40 x design)

► e-cooling @ full energye-cooling @ full energy

New detector capabilitiesNew detector capabilities 50-fold increase in 50-fold increase in lattice gaugelattice gauge computing power computing power

applied to finite temperature QCDapplied to finite temperature QCD eRHICeRHIC: e-A and polarized e-p collisions, new detector: e-A and polarized e-p collisions, new detector

RHIC IIRHIC II



Compelling questionsCompelling questionsCompelling questionsCompelling questions► The nature of confinementThe nature of confinement

What is the nature of the phase transition?What is the nature of the phase transition? Is chiral symmetry restored?Is chiral symmetry restored?

► The structure of quark-gluon matter above TThe structure of quark-gluon matter above TCC

How does the thermodynamic character of the collision How does the thermodynamic character of the collision evolve so rapidly from the initial state?evolve so rapidly from the initial state?

What are the properties of the medium?What are the properties of the medium?

► The low-x and spin structure of hadronic matterThe low-x and spin structure of hadronic matter Is the initial state a Color Glass Condensate?Is the initial state a Color Glass Condensate? What is the spin structure and dynamics inside the What is the spin structure and dynamics inside the

proton?proton?

► The nature of confinementThe nature of confinement What is the nature of the phase transition?What is the nature of the phase transition? Is chiral symmetry restored?Is chiral symmetry restored?

► The structure of quark-gluon matter above TThe structure of quark-gluon matter above TCC

How does the thermodynamic character of the collision How does the thermodynamic character of the collision evolve so rapidly from the initial state?evolve so rapidly from the initial state?

What are the properties of the medium?What are the properties of the medium?

► The low-x and spin structure of hadronic matterThe low-x and spin structure of hadronic matter Is the initial state a Color Glass Condensate?Is the initial state a Color Glass Condensate? What is the spin structure and dynamics inside the What is the spin structure and dynamics inside the

proton?proton?



Key measurementsKey measurementsKey measurementsKey measurements► Hard probes (high pHard probes (high pTT, heavy , heavy

quarks): quarks): sensitive to how sensitive to how the medium is createdthe medium is created jetsjets hidden charm & bottomhidden charm & bottom open charm & bottom open charm & bottom

► Electromagnetic probesElectromagnetic probes (real & virtual (real & virtual s):s): information about the information about the medium’s early propertiesmedium’s early properties Low-mass eLow-mass e++ee−− pairs pairs Thermal radiationThermal radiation

► Polarized protonsPolarized protons W-production at W-production at s=500GeV s=500GeV

► Hard probes (high pHard probes (high pTT, heavy , heavy quarks): quarks): sensitive to how sensitive to how the medium is createdthe medium is created jetsjets hidden charm & bottomhidden charm & bottom open charm & bottom open charm & bottom

► Electromagnetic probesElectromagnetic probes (real & virtual (real & virtual s):s): information about the information about the medium’s early propertiesmedium’s early properties Low-mass eLow-mass e++ee−− pairs pairs Thermal radiationThermal radiation

► Polarized protonsPolarized protons W-production at W-production at s=500GeV s=500GeV

STAR Preliminary



Near and mid term: 2006-Near and mid term: 2006-20122012

Near and mid term: 2006-Near and mid term: 2006-20122012

►The big science questions for the field The big science questions for the field in this period are clearin this period are clear

►The bulk of US heavy ion effort will be The bulk of US heavy ion effort will be directed to evolving and operating directed to evolving and operating RHICRHIC

►LHC will begin to produce results some LHC will begin to produce results some time in this periodtime in this period

►The big science questions for the field The big science questions for the field in this period are clearin this period are clear

►The bulk of US heavy ion effort will be The bulk of US heavy ion effort will be directed to evolving and operating directed to evolving and operating RHICRHIC

►LHC will begin to produce results some LHC will begin to produce results some time in this periodtime in this period



UpgradesUpgrades High T QCD…. QGPHigh T QCD…. QGP SpinSpin Low-xLow-x

PHENIXPHENIXe+e- heavy jet quarkoniae+e- heavy jet quarkonia

flavor tomog.flavor tomog.W W ΔΔG/GG/G

Hadron blind detectorHadron blind detector

Vertex TrackerVertex Tracker

Muon TriggerMuon Trigger

Forward cal. (NCC)Forward cal. (NCC)

XX

X XX X O O O O

O O

O OO O

XX XX

OO

OO

XX

STARSTAR

Time of Flight (TOF)Time of Flight (TOF)

MicroVtx (HFT)MicroVtx (HFT)

Forward TrackerForward Tracker

Forward Cal (FMS)Forward Cal (FMS)

DAQ 1000DAQ 1000

OO X X O O

X XX X

OO

OO X XX X

X X OO

OO

O OO OXX

OO

RHIC LuminosityRHIC Luminosity O OO O X XX X O OO O OO

X upgrade critical for successO upgrade significantly enhances program

A. Drees

RHIC Upgrade: overviewRHIC Upgrade: overviewRHIC Upgrade: overviewRHIC Upgrade: overview



FY 2006FY 2006 FY 2007FY 2007 FY 2008FY 2008 FY 2009FY 2009 FY 2010FY 2010 FY 2011FY 2011 FY 2012FY 2012

TOF and VTX construction; Muon trigger+ “Small” upgrades: HBD, FMS, DAQ

STAR HFT & PHENIX FVTX

Next Generation Detector UpgradesSTAR Forward/Inner Tracker SystemPHENIX Inner Tracker and Nosecone CalOther approaches?

RHIC Accelerator & Detector R&D

LHC Heavy Ion Program

Detector Upgrades TimelineDetector Upgrades TimelineDetector Upgrades TimelineDetector Upgrades Timeline

EBIS construction RHIC II: construction

operation

Strawman schedule: depends on funding (TBD)*

*Target for presenting a plan to DOE: January 2006



RHIC vs. LHCRHIC vs. LHCRHIC vs. LHCRHIC vs. LHCLHC is not a replacement for RHIC - they complement each otherLHC is not a replacement for RHIC - they complement each other

► Collision EnergyCollision Energy RHIC probes high energy density at y~0. The initial state (CGC) is probed at RHIC probes high energy density at y~0. The initial state (CGC) is probed at

forward rapidity (low x)forward rapidity (low x) LHC’s higher energies make high pLHC’s higher energies make high pTT jets and heavy quarks more accessible. jets and heavy quarks more accessible.

CGC is accessible at all rapiditiesCGC is accessible at all rapidities► Dedicated, flexible facilityDedicated, flexible facility

RHIC provides exploration vs. system size and energy, in hot and cold nuclear RHIC provides exploration vs. system size and energy, in hot and cold nuclear matter + p-p in the same detector. EBIS will expand the A-range and extend matter + p-p in the same detector. EBIS will expand the A-range and extend to Uto U

At RHICAt RHIC QCD is the prime objective QCD is the prime objective► Unique capabilities with a futureUnique capabilities with a future

Unique spin programUnique spin program aimed at some of the biggest hadron physics aimed at some of the biggest hadron physics problems. There is a path forward leading to a polarized DIS collider facility problems. There is a path forward leading to a polarized DIS collider facility (eRHIC)(eRHIC)

► Issues for the US in the LHC eraIssues for the US in the LHC era The US program has great momentum and excellent teams to do the physics The US program has great momentum and excellent teams to do the physics

and train the next generation and train the next generation Just beginning to reap the benefits of a massive investment (people & Just beginning to reap the benefits of a massive investment (people &

equipment)equipment) The US RHI community will also work at LHCThe US RHI community will also work at LHC

LHC is not a replacement for RHIC - they complement each otherLHC is not a replacement for RHIC - they complement each other► Collision EnergyCollision Energy

RHIC probes high energy density at y~0. The initial state (CGC) is probed at RHIC probes high energy density at y~0. The initial state (CGC) is probed at forward rapidity (low x)forward rapidity (low x)

LHC’s higher energies make high pLHC’s higher energies make high pTT jets and heavy quarks more accessible. jets and heavy quarks more accessible. CGC is accessible at all rapiditiesCGC is accessible at all rapidities

► Dedicated, flexible facilityDedicated, flexible facility RHIC provides exploration vs. system size and energy, in hot and cold nuclear RHIC provides exploration vs. system size and energy, in hot and cold nuclear

matter + p-p in the same detector. EBIS will expand the A-range and extend matter + p-p in the same detector. EBIS will expand the A-range and extend to Uto U

At RHICAt RHIC QCD is the prime objective QCD is the prime objective► Unique capabilities with a futureUnique capabilities with a future

Unique spin programUnique spin program aimed at some of the biggest hadron physics aimed at some of the biggest hadron physics problems. There is a path forward leading to a polarized DIS collider facility problems. There is a path forward leading to a polarized DIS collider facility (eRHIC)(eRHIC)

► Issues for the US in the LHC eraIssues for the US in the LHC era The US program has great momentum and excellent teams to do the physics The US program has great momentum and excellent teams to do the physics

and train the next generation and train the next generation Just beginning to reap the benefits of a massive investment (people & Just beginning to reap the benefits of a massive investment (people &

equipment)equipment) The US RHI community will also work at LHCThe US RHI community will also work at LHC

& &

& &



Long term: 2013-2020Long term: 2013-2020Long term: 2013-2020Long term: 2013-2020

►eRHICeRHIC Added e+A and polarized e+p capabilitiesAdded e+A and polarized e+p capabilities New detector, augmented user New detector, augmented user

communitycommunity A+A, p+A, polarized p+p still availableA+A, p+A, polarized p+p still available Construction possible 2012-2014Construction possible 2012-2014

►eRHICeRHIC Added e+A and polarized e+p capabilitiesAdded e+A and polarized e+p capabilities New detector, augmented user New detector, augmented user

communitycommunity A+A, p+A, polarized p+p still availableA+A, p+A, polarized p+p still available Construction possible 2012-2014Construction possible 2012-2014



Scientific Frontiers for eRHICScientific Frontiers for eRHICScientific Frontiers for eRHICScientific Frontiers for eRHIC► Partonic matter under Partonic matter under

extreme conditions extreme conditions Large “A” at RHIC : very high Large “A” at RHIC : very high gluon gluon

densitiesdensities Saturation/Color Glass CondensateSaturation/Color Glass Condensate

► Role of partons in nuclei Role of partons in nuclei Confinement in nucleiConfinement in nuclei Hadronization in nuclear mediaHadronization in nuclear media

► Nucleon structure and spinNucleon structure and spin Role of quarks & gluons in nucleonsRole of quarks & gluons in nucleons Issues of confinement, low-x & DVCS…Issues of confinement, low-x & DVCS…

► Partonic matter under Partonic matter under extreme conditions extreme conditions Large “A” at RHIC : very high Large “A” at RHIC : very high gluon gluon

densitiesdensities Saturation/Color Glass CondensateSaturation/Color Glass Condensate

► Role of partons in nuclei Role of partons in nuclei Confinement in nucleiConfinement in nuclei Hadronization in nuclear mediaHadronization in nuclear media

► Nucleon structure and spinNucleon structure and spin Role of quarks & gluons in nucleonsRole of quarks & gluons in nucleons Issues of confinement, low-x & DVCS…Issues of confinement, low-x & DVCS…



eRHIC at BNLeRHIC at BNLeRHIC at BNLeRHIC at BNLHigh energy, high intensity High energy, high intensity polarizedpolarized e e (and (and ee++) beams to collide with existing heavy ion ) beams to collide with existing heavy ion and polarized proton beamsand polarized proton beams

+ A new detector for e-p & e-A physics+ A new detector for e-p & e-A physics

= Precision tool to probe fundamental and = Precision tool to probe fundamental and universal aspects of QCDuniversal aspects of QCD

High energy, high intensity High energy, high intensity polarizedpolarized e e (and (and ee++) beams to collide with existing heavy ion ) beams to collide with existing heavy ion and polarized proton beamsand polarized proton beams

+ A new detector for e-p & e-A physics+ A new detector for e-p & e-A physics

= Precision tool to probe fundamental and = Precision tool to probe fundamental and universal aspects of QCDuniversal aspects of QCD

Ee = 10 GeV (~5-10 GeV) TO BE BUILT

Ep = 250 GeV (~50-250 GeV) EXISTSEA = 100 GeV/A (~ 10-100 GeV/A) EXISTS

Ee = 10 GeV (~5-10 GeV) TO BE BUILT

Ep = 250 GeV (~50-250 GeV) EXISTSEA = 100 GeV/A (~ 10-100 GeV/A) EXISTS



eRHIC & Other DIS FacilitieseRHIC & Other DIS FacilitieseRHIC & Other DIS FacilitieseRHIC & Other DIS Facilities

► First polarized DIS collider – new kinematic regionFirst polarized DIS collider – new kinematic region► Variable energy, high luminosity: LVariable energy, high luminosity: Lepep ~10 ~1033-3433-34 cm cm-2-2

secsec-1-1

► Polarization of e,p and light ion beams Polarization of e,p and light ion beams ~~ 70% 70%► Ion species from p to U Ion species from p to U high gluon densities high gluon densities

► First polarized DIS collider – new kinematic regionFirst polarized DIS collider – new kinematic region► Variable energy, high luminosity: LVariable energy, high luminosity: Lepep ~10 ~1033-3433-34 cm cm-2-2

secsec-1-1

► Polarization of e,p and light ion beams Polarization of e,p and light ion beams ~~ 70% 70%► Ion species from p to U Ion species from p to U high gluon densities high gluon densities

TESLA-N

eRHIC

Jlab12GeV



eRHIC design conceptseRHIC design conceptseRHIC design conceptseRHIC design concepts

simpler IR design multiple IRs possible

Ee ~ 20 GeV possible

more expensive

simpler IR design multiple IRs possible

Ee ~ 20 GeV possible

more expensive

Standard ring-ring design Alternative linac-ring design

Standard ring-ring design Alternative linac-ring design

Schematic HERA-III type detector concept



RHIC priorities and RHIC priorities and challengeschallenges

RHIC priorities and RHIC priorities and challengeschallenges

► e-cooling – enabling technology for the RHIC e-cooling – enabling technology for the RHIC luminosity upgrade and for eRHICluminosity upgrade and for eRHIC R&D getting funding from a variety of sourcesR&D getting funding from a variety of sources New opportunities to make it cheaper and New opportunities to make it cheaper and

simplersimpler► Some major hurdles for QCD LabSome major hurdles for QCD Lab

Convince the community and NSAC LRP of Convince the community and NSAC LRP of sciencescience

Establish priority relative to other future NP Establish priority relative to other future NP facilitiesfacilities

Funding – construction & operating are not cheapFunding – construction & operating are not cheap► Great opportunity, but will require a lot of Great opportunity, but will require a lot of

work on many frontswork on many fronts

► e-cooling – enabling technology for the RHIC e-cooling – enabling technology for the RHIC luminosity upgrade and for eRHICluminosity upgrade and for eRHIC R&D getting funding from a variety of sourcesR&D getting funding from a variety of sources New opportunities to make it cheaper and New opportunities to make it cheaper and

simplersimpler► Some major hurdles for QCD LabSome major hurdles for QCD Lab

Convince the community and NSAC LRP of Convince the community and NSAC LRP of sciencescience

Establish priority relative to other future NP Establish priority relative to other future NP facilitiesfacilities

Funding – construction & operating are not cheapFunding – construction & operating are not cheap► Great opportunity, but will require a lot of Great opportunity, but will require a lot of

work on many frontswork on many fronts



QCD LabQCD LabQCD LabQCD Lab

A. Drees, A. Deshpande

brookhaven science associates the future of rhic quark matter 2005, budapest samuel aronson, bnl...

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