brookfield dv3t - viscositeit · the equivalent units of measurement in the si system are...

SPECIALISTS IN THE

MEASUREMENT AND

CONTROL OF VISCOSITY

TEL 508-946-6200FAX 508-946-6262

or 800-628-8139 (USA excluding MA)INTERNET http://www .brookfieldengineering.com

BROOKFIELD ENGINEERING LABORATORIES, INC.11 Commerce Boulevard, Middleboro, MA 02346 USA

with offices in: Boston • Chicago • London • Stuttgart • Guangzhou

BROOKFIELD DV3T

Rheometer

Operating Instructions

Manual No. M13-2100

Table of ContentsI. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 5

I.1 Components ...............................................................................................................................6 I.2 Utilities ......................................................................................................................................8 I.3Specifications .............................................................................................................................8 I.4 Installation .................................................................................................................................9 I.5 Safety Symbols and Precautions ..............................................................................................11 I.6 Key Functions ..........................................................................................................................11 I.7 Cleaning ...................................................................................................................................12

II. GETTING STARTED ....................................................................................... 13 II.1 Power Up ................................................................................................................................13 II.2 AutoZero .................................................................................................................................13 II.3 Status Bar ...............................................................................................................................14 II.4 Navigation ..............................................................................................................................15 II.5 Home Screen ..........................................................................................................................16 II.5.1ConfigureViscosityTest ............................................................................................16 II.5.2ConfigureYieldTest ..................................................................................................18 II.5.3LoadTest ...................................................................................................................19 II.5.4ViewResults .............................................................................................................19 II.5.5 Manage Files .............................................................................................................19 II.5.6 External Mode ...........................................................................................................22 II.6Range ......................................................................................................................................22 II.7OutofRange ..........................................................................................................................23 II.8 Printing ...................................................................................................................................24

III. MAKING VISCOSITY MEASUREMENTS................................................. 26 III.1 Quick Start ............................................................................................................................26 III.2 Preparations for Making Measurements ...............................................................................26 III.3 Programming .........................................................................................................................27 III.4 Selecting a Spindle/Speed .....................................................................................................28 III.5TemperatureControl .............................................................................................................30 III.6 Multiple Data Points .............................................................................................................31 III.7 Selecting Data Collection .....................................................................................................32 III.8 End Condition .......................................................................................................................34 III.9AdditionalTestParameters ...................................................................................................35 III.10RunningaTest ....................................................................................................................38 III.11Results .................................................................................................................................40 III.12 Data Averaging ....................................................................................................................44

IV. MAKING YIELD MEASUREMENTS........................................................... 47 IV.1QuickStart ............................................................................................................................47 IV.2PreparationsforMakingMeasurements ...............................................................................47 IV.3SelectingaSpindle/Speed .....................................................................................................48 IV.4TemperatureControl..............................................................................................................49

IV.5TestParameters......................................................................................................................51 IV.6RunningaYieldTest .............................................................................................................54 IV.7Results ...................................................................................................................................56

V. SETTINGS .......................................................................................................... 59 V.1DeviceSetup ...........................................................................................................................59 V.2UserSettings ...........................................................................................................................64 V.3GlobalSettings .......................................................................................................................65 V.4AdminFunctions ....................................................................................................................71 V.4.1LogInandLogOut .................................................................................................71 V.4.2UsersandAccess .....................................................................................................72 V.4.3SetTimeandDate ....................................................................................................75 V.4.4BackupandImport ..................................................................................................75 V.4.5DefaultPath .............................................................................................................76 V.4.6SettingsReset ..........................................................................................................76 V.4.7DeviceReset ............................................................................................................76 V.4.8CalibrationReminder ..............................................................................................77 V.4.9SaveAuditTrail .......................................................................................................78

VI. PG FLASH SOFTWARE ................................................................................. 79

VII. MATH MODELS ............................................................................................ 83 VII.1ThePowerLaw(Ostwald)Model .......................................................................................83 VII.2TheHerschel-BulkleyModel ..............................................................................................85 VII.3TheBinghamModel ............................................................................................................87 VII.4TheCassonModel ...............................................................................................................89 VII.5OtherRheologicalModels ...................................................................................................91

Appendix A: Cone/PlateRheometerSetup ...................................................................................93Appendix B: ViscosityRanges .....................................................................................................97Appendix C: VariablesinViscosityMeasurement .....................................................................101Appendix D: Spindle and Model Codes .....................................................................................103Appendix E: Calibration Procedures ..........................................................................................106Appendix F: TheBrookfieldGuardleg .......................................................................................113Appendix G: Speed Selection .....................................................................................................115Appendix H: Laboratory Stand ..................................................................................................116Appendix I: DVE-50AProbeClip ..............................................................................................119Appendix J: FaultDiagnosisandTroubleshooting ....................................................................120Appendix K: Instrument Dimensions .........................................................................................122Appendix L: OnlineHelpandAdditionalResources .................................................................123Appendix M: WarrantyRepairandService ...............................................................................124ViscosityTestReport ....................................................................................................... Tearoutpage

Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Manual No. M13-2100

I. INTRODUCTION

TheBrookfieldDV-IIIRheometerserieshasbeentheleadingindustrialrheometersinceitwasfirstintroducedin1989.BrookfieldhascontinuedtodevelopandimprovetheDV-IIItoprovidethebestvalueinthemarketforbothqualitycontrolandresearchcustomers.TheBrookfieldDV3TRheometercontinuesinthistraditionofinnovation,qualityandvalue.TheincorporationofafullcolorgraphicaltouchscreendisplayhasallowedforanewandimproveduserinterfacewhichpreservesthesinglespeeddatacollectionmethodswhilemakingalloftheadvancedfeaturesoftheDV3Treadilyavailable.

TheBrookfieldDV3TRheometermeasuresfluidviscosityatgivenshearrates.Viscosityisameasureofafluid’sresistancetoflow.YouwillfindadetaileddescriptionofthescienceofviscosityintheBrookfieldpublication“More Solutions to Sticky Problems”,acopyofwhichwasincludedwithyourDV3T.

ThismanualcoverstheDV3TRheometerandtheDV3TExtraRheometer.TheDV3TExtraisaspecialpackagethatincludesseveraloptionalfeaturestomaximizetheutilityoftheDV3T.TheDV3TExtraincludes:BallBearingSuspension(notincludedinLVversions),EZ-Lockspindleconnection,ModelQLabStand,andRheocalcTSoftware.ThesedifferencesaredetailedintheComponentssectionofthemanual.AllreferencestotherheometerinthismanualwillbemadeasDV3T.AlloftheoptionalfeaturesoftheDV3TExtramaybeaddedindividuallytotheDV3TRheometer.

TheDV3Toffersexceptionalversatilityinmodesofcontrol,allowingchoiceoftraditionalstandaloneoperationandautomaticoperationthroughprogramsdownloadedfromthePCorwithcompletecontrolbyPCusingBrookfieldRheocalcTSoftware.

• TheDV3TcanbeusedasatraditionalBrookfieldrheometerforcollectionofsinglespeedviscositydatathroughtheeasytousetouchscreen;justselectthespindleandspeedandreadthevaluefromthedisplay. [See Section II: Getting Started]

• TheDV3Tcancollectmultipledatapoints throughprogramscreateddirectlyon thetouchscreendisplay.

• TheDV3Tcanmakeadirectmeasurementofyieldstresswhenusingoptionalvanespindles. • TheBrookfieldPGFlashSoftwarecanbeusedtoprogramtheDV3Ttocontrolallaspectsof

thetestanddatacollectionwithouttheneedfortheoperatortomonitortheinstrument;juststarttheprogramandreturntotheprintedtestdata(printerisoptional).[See Section V: PG Flash Software]

• TheBrookfieldRheocalcTSoftwarewillperformallcontrolanddatacollectionfunctionsoftheDV3TfromthePCwhilealsoprovidingaplatformforadvanceddatacollectionandanalysis.

Inanyofthesemodesofcontrol,theDV3Twillprovidethebestinviscositymeasurementandcontrol.

Theprincipalofoperationof theDV3T is todriveaspindle (which is immersed in the testfluid)throughacalibratedspring.Theviscousdragofthefluidagainstthespindleismeasuredbythespringdeflection.Springdeflectionismeasuredwitharotarytransducer.ThemeasurementrangeofaDV3T(incentipoiseormilliPascal•seconds)isdeterminedbytherotationalspeedofthespindle,thesizeandshapeofthespindle,thecontainerthespindleisrotatingin,andthefullscaletorqueofthecalibratedspring.

TherearefourbasicspringtorqueseriesofferedbyBrookfield:

Spring TorqueModel dyne•cm milliNewton•m

DV3TLV 673.7 0.0673DV3TRV 7,187.0 0.7187DV3THA 14,374.0 1.4374DV3THB 57,496.0 5.7496

Thehigherthetorquecalibration,thehigherthemeasurementrange.ThemeasurementrangeforeachtorquecalibrationmaybefoundinAppendixB.


All units of measurement are displayed according to either the CGS system or the SI system. 1. Viscosityappearsinunitsofcentipoise(cP),Poise(P),milliPascal-seconds(mPa•s)orPascal-

seconds(Pa•s)ontheDV3TRheometerdisplayorcentistokes(cSt)ormillimetersquaredpersecond(mm2/sec).

2. ShearStressappears inunitsofdynes/squarecentimeter(D/cm2)orNewtons/squaremeter(N/m2)/orPascals(Pa).

3. ShearRateappearsinunitsofreciprocalseconds(1/sec). 4. Torqueappearsinunitsofdyne-centimetersorNewton-meters(shownaspercent“%”in

bothcases)ontheDV3TRheometerdisplay. 5. Densityappearsinunitsofgrams/cubiccentimeter(g/cm3)orkilograms/cubicmeter

(kg/m3).

Note:TochangeCGStoSIunitsonthedisplay(seeSectionIV.3:GlobalSettings).

TheequivalentunitsofmeasurementintheSIsystemarecalculatedusingthefollowingconversions:

SI CGSViscosity: 1mPa•s = 1cPShearStress: 1Newton/m2 = 10dyne/cm2

Torque: 1Newton•m = 107dyne•cm

ReferencestoviscositythroughoutthismanualaredoneinCGSunits.TheDV3TRheometerprovidesequivalentinformationinSIunits.

I.1 Components

Pleasechecktobesurethatyouhavereceivedallcomponents,andthatthereisnodamage.Ifyouaremissinganyparts,pleasenotifyBrookfieldEngineeringoryourlocalBrookfieldagentimmediately.Anyshippingdamagemustbereportedtothecarrier.

Components Part Number Quantity

DV3T DV3T Extra

DV3TRheometer varies 1 1

ModelGLaboratoryStandModel Q Laboratory Stand

MODELGMODEL Q

1ø

ø1

SpindleSetwithCaseDV3TLVsetoffourspindlesDV3TRVsetofsixspindles(#2-#7)DV3THA/HBsetofsixspindles(#2-#7)

variesSSLSSRSSH

1oror

1

For Cone/Plate versions: a spindle wrench (SP-23), one cone spindle (CPA-XXZ), a sample cup (CPA-44YZ) replace the spindle set.

Power CordDVP-65for115DVP-66for230

DVP-65DVP-66

1or

1

RTDTemperatureProbe DVP-94Y 1 1GuardLeg

DV3TLVDV3TRV

B-20YB-21Y

1or

1

Carrying CasePGFlashSoftwareRheocalcTSoftwareUSBFlashDriveScreenClothw/caseStylusOperating ManualShippingCap

DVE-7YCD ProgAGV-3003GV-1044GV-1045GV-1043M13-167

N/A

11ø11111

11111111


Leveling Screw

COMPONENT DIAGRAM

Cone/Plate Option Temperature Probe

Spindle Set

Cone Spindle

Wrench

Sample Cup

Temperature Probe Clip

Temperature Probe

Toggle Switch for Electronic Gap

Tension Bar

ShippingCap

Guard Leg

DV3T Rheometer

Model GLaboratory Stand

LV Spindle Setshown above

Bubble Level

Figure I-1


I.2 Utilities

InputVoltage: 115VACor230VACInputFrequency: 50/60HzPowerConsumption: 150VA Power Cord Color Code:

United States Outside United StatesHot(live) Black BrownNeutral White BlueGround(earth) Green Green/Yellow

Mainsupplyvoltagefluctuationsarenottoexceed±10%ofthenominalsupplyvoltage.

I.3 Specifications

Speeds: 0.01 - 250 RPM

Weight: GrossWeight 23 lbs. 10.5kg. NetWeight 20 lbs. 9kg. CartonVolume 1.65 cu.ft. 0.05m3

CartonDimensions22in.(56cm)Wx11in.(28cm)Lx22in.(56cm)H

Temperature Sensing Range: -100˚Cto300˚C(-148˚Fto572˚F)

USB A Port for use with an attached PC. USB B Port (x3) for use with a USB Flash Drive.

Viscosity Accuracy: ±1.0%offullscalerange Theuseofaccessoryitemswillhaveaneffectonthe measurement accuracy. See Appendix B.

Viscosity Repeatability: ±0.2%ofFullScaleRange Temperature Accuracy: ±1°C|-100°Cto+149°C

±2°C|+150°Cto+300°C

Operating Environment: 0°Cto40°Ctemperaturerange(32°Fto104°F) 20%-80%R.H.:non-condensingatmosphere

Ball Bearing Option: Ifyouorderedtheballbearingsuspensionsystemwithyournewinstrumentpleasenotethefollowing:

1) TheballbearingsuspensioninyourBrookfieldinstrumentisnotedontheserialtagonthebackoftheheadbytheletter“B”inthepartnumber(theninthdigit;forexample:XDV3THBTB00U00.

2) Whenattachinganddetachingthespindle,itisnotnecessarytoliftthecouplingwherethespindleconnectstotheinstrument.

3) TheOscillationCheck,explainedinSectionIV.1:DeviceSetup,doesnotpertaintothisinstrument.


ElectricalCertifications: Conforms to CE Standards:BSEN61326: Electricalequipmentformeasurement,controlandlaboratoryuse-EMC

requirements.BSEN61010-1: Safetyrequirementsforelectricalequipment,formeasurement,control

and laboratory use.Notice to customers:

Thissymbolindicatesthatthisproductistoberecycledatanappropriatecollectioncenter.

Users within the European Union:Pleasecontactyourdealerorthelocalauthoritiesinchargeofwastemanagementonhowtodisposeofthisproductproperly.AllBrookfieldofficesandournetworkofrepresentativesanddealerscanbefoundonourwebsite:www.brookfieldengineering.com.

Users outside of the European Union:Pleasedisposeofthisproductaccordingtoyourlocallaws.

I.4 Installation

Note: “IQ,OQ,PQ”,anabbreviatedguidelinedocument for installation,operationandperformancevalidationforyourDV3Tdigitalrheometer,canbedownloadedfromourwebsitewww.brookfieldengineering.com.AmoredetailedIQ,OQ,PQprocedureisavailableforpurchasefromBrookfieldoryourauthorizeddealer.

1) AssembletheModelGLaboratoryStand(refertoassemblyinstructionsinAppendixH).

2) Puttherheometeronthestand. 3) ConnecttheRTDprobetothesocketontherearpaneloftheDV3T.

4) TheRheometermustbeleveled.Thelevelisadjustedusingthetwolevelingscrewsonthebase.AdjustsothatthebubblelevelonthefrontoftheDV3T iscenteredwithinthecircle.

Note: Checklevelperiodicallyduringuse.

5) RemovetheshippingcapwhichsecuresthecouplingnutontheRheometertothepivotcup.ForCone/PlateModels,holdtheSampleCupandswingthetensionbarawayfromthebottomofthecup.Lowerthecupandremovethefoaminsert.(Saveforfutureshipments.)

6) MakesurethattheACpowerswitchattherearoftheDV3TisintheOFFposition.ConnectthepowercordtothesocketonthebackpaneloftheinstrumentandplugitintotheappropriateACline.ForCone/PlateModels,besurethatthetoggleswitch,usedtoactivatetheelectronicgap,istotheleftposition.(Leftwhenfacingtherheometer.)

TheACinputvoltageandfrequencymustbewithintheappropriaterangeasshownonthenameplateoftherheometer.(SeeSectionI.2.)


Note: TheDV3Tmustbeearthgroundedtoensureagainstelectronicfailure!!

7) TurnthepowerswitchtotheONpositionandallowtherheometertowarmupfor10minutesbeforeperformingautozero.

8) ForCone/Platemodels,refertoAppendixA.

9) Ifappropriate,connectUSBcable(DVP-202)toUSBportforconnectionofDV3TtoPC or printer.

10)ReviewReadMefile.TheReadMefilecontainsnotesontheDV2TFirmware.ThisfilecanbefoundontheCDthatcontainsthePGFlashSoftware.

Temperature Probe

USB B

USB A

On/Off Switch

Ethernet(Future Use) Power Input

Temperature Controller

Figure I-2


I.5 Safety Symbols and Precautions

Safety SymbolsThefollowingexplainssafetysymbolswhichmaybefoundinthisoperatingmanual.

Indicateshazardousvoltagesmaybepresent.

Refertothemanualforspecificwarningorcautioninformationtoavoidpersonalinjuryordamagetotheinstrument.

Precautions Ifthisinstrumentisusedinamannernotspecifiedbythemanufacturer,theprotection

providedbytheinstrumentmaybeimpaired.

Thisinstrumentisnotintendedforuseinapotentiallyhazardousenvironment.

Incaseofemergency,turnofftheinstrumentandthendisconnecttheelectricalcordfromthewalloutlet.

Theusershouldensurethatthesubstancesplacedundertestdonotreleasepoisonous,toxicorflammablegasesatthetemperatureswhichtheyaresubjectedtoduringthetesting.

I.6 Key Functions

TheDV3TRheometerutilizesatouchscreendisplayandinterface.Theuserwillprovideallinputtotherheometerthroughthetouchscreen.FigureI-3detailsthedifferenttypesofinformationandactions available.

More/Less Bar

Command Keys

Status Bar

Title Bar

Data Fields

Test Name

Figure I-3


Status Bar: TheStatusBarprovidesinformationrelatingtothedateandtime(asconfiguredbytheuser)andvariousconnectionstotheDV3TRheometer.

Test Name: TheTestNameidentifiesthenameofthecurrentlyloadedtest.

Title Bar: TheTitleBaridentifiestheactivitytobeconductedinthecurrentviewandincludesanynavigationiconsthatarerelevant.

Data Fields: TheDataFieldsincludemeasurementresultsandtestparameters.

More/Less Bar: TheMore/LessBarinformstheuserwhenmoreDataFieldsareavailableandwhenthenumberofDataFieldscanbereduced.

Command Keys: TheCommandKeysindicateactionthatcanbetaken.Thesekeyswillvaryfromviewtoviewdependingonwhatactionsarerelevant.

I.7 Cleaning

Makesurethattheinstrumentisinaclean,dryworkingenvironment(dust-free,moderatetemperature,lowhumidity,etc.).

Makesuretheinstrumentisonalevelsurface.

Hands/fingersmustbecleanandfreeofsampleresidue.Notdoingsomayresultindepositbuildupontheupperpartoftheshaftandcauseinterferencebetweentheshaftandthepivotcup.

Besuretoremovethespindlefromtheinstrumentpriortocleaning.Noteleft-handedthread.Severeinstrumentdamagemayresultifthespindleiscleanedinplace.

InstrumentandDisplay: Cleanwith a dry, non-abrasive cloth. Donot use solventsor cleaners. The instrumenthousing ismanufactured frompolycarbonateABS.Cleaninstrumenthousingwithmildsoapand water. Do not apply solvent to the instrument!

ImmersedComponents(spindles): Spindlesaremadeofstainlesssteel. Cleanwithanon-abrasiveclothandsolventappropriateforsamplematerial.

Whencleaning,donotapplyexcessiveforce,whichmayresultinbendingspindles.


II. GETTING STARTED

II.1 Power Up

TheDV3TwillgothroughaPowerUpsequencewhenthepoweristurnedon.TheRheometerwillissueabeep,presentabluescreen,andfinallyshowtheDV3TAboutscreenfor5seconds.TheAboutscreenisshownbelowandincludesseveralcriticalparametersabout therheometerincluding;rheometertorque(LV,RV,HA,HB,orother),firmwareversionnumber,modelnumber(DV3TLVforexample)andtheserialnumber.

Figure II-1

TheAboutscreencanalsobeaccessedthroughtheSettingsMenu (seeSectionV.1).

TheDV3TRheometerwillautomaticallytransitionfromtheAboutscreentotheAutoZeroscreen.

TIP:WhencontactingBrookfieldoryourauthorizedBrookfielddealerfortechnicalsupportorrepairservices,pleaserecordtheinformationontheAboutscreenandincludethisdetailin your email.

II.2 AutoZero

TheDV3TRheometermustperformanAutoZeropriortomakingviscositymeasurements.Thisprocesssetsthezeroreadingforthemeasurementsystem.TheAutoZerowillbeperformedeverytimetheinstrumentisturnedon.Additionally,youmayperformanAutoZeroatanytimethroughtheSettingsMenu (seeSectionV.1).

TheAutoZeroscreenwillbepresentedautomatically,aftertheAboutscreen,duringapowerup.


Figure II-2

Theoperatormustensurethattherheometerislevel(seeSectionI.4)andremoveanyattachedspindleorcoupling.WhentheNextbuttonispressed,therheometerwilloperateforapproximately13seconds.AftertheAutoZeroiscompleteandtheoperatorpressestheNextbutton,therheometerwilltransitiontotheConfigureViscosityTestscreen.IftheAutoZerowasperformedfromtheSettingsMenu,thentherheometerwillreturntotheSettingsMenu.

TIP:DonottouchtherheometerduringtheAutoZeroprocesstoensurethebestzerovalue.

II.3 Status Bar

TheDV3TRheometerwilldisplayastatusbaratthetopofthescreenatalltimes.

Thisstatusbarwillindicate:timeofday,date,andconnectionstatusforavarietyofconnectiondevices.Thestatusiconsaredefinedas:

USBIcon1,2,3: TheDV3TRheometercanstoredataandteststoUSBstoragedevice(USBB)suchasaUSBFlashDrive.TherearethreeUSBports.Theseportsarerepresentedas1,2and3basedontheorderofconnection.

Printer Icon: TheDV3TRheometercancommunicatetoalabelprinterforprintingtestresults(seeSectionII.8).

Computer Icon: The DV3T Rheometer can communicate with a computerthroughtheUSBAport. CommunicationissupportedwithBrookfieldRheocalcTsoftware.

BathIcon: TheDV3TRheometer can communicatewith a BrookfieldThermosel(HT-106Controller)orTemperatureBath(SDorAPControllers)tocontrolsampletemperature.


II.4 Navigation TheDV3TRheometerusesatouchscreendisplay.Navigationoftheinstrumentfeaturesisdone

usingavarietyofDataFields,Arrows,CommandKeysandNavigationIcons.Theoperatingsystemhasbeendesignedforintuitiveoperationandemployscolortoassisttheuserinidentifyingoptions.

DataFieldsrequirethattheusertouchthescreentoinitiatethedataentry/selectionprocess.Thesefieldsarenormallyoutlined inblack. Theymayalso include a blue arrow.

BlueArrowsindicatethatoptionsexistforaDataField.TheusermayberequiredtopressanywhereintheDataFieldortheymayhavetopresstheBlueArrowspecifically.

CommandKeysarebuttonswhichdirecttheDV3TtoperformaspecificactionsuchasSAVEadatasetorSTOPaprogram.CommandKeysarepresentedinavarietyofcolors.Thesekeysarenormallyfoundatthebottomofthescreen.

NavigationIconsarenormallyfoundintheTitleBartotheleftandright.Thesebuttonswilltakeyoutospecificareasoftheoperatingsystem.

NavigationIconsareshownbelow.

Home Menu Perform data entry from a scroll list

Log In (will only be available iftheadministratorhasactivateduserlogin)

Sortfilesaccordingtocreatedate

Settings MenuSortfilesaccordingtoalphabet

ServiceMenu (only available forauthorized Brookfield servicecenters)

Choosefromadditionaloptions

LockOut(duringatest)Back(returntopreviousscreen)

RemoveLock(duringatest)Up(returntopreviouslevelinthefilestructure)

Perform data entry using a number pad


II.5 Home Screen

TheDV3THomescreencanbeaccessedbyusingtheHomeIcon .TheHomescreenshowstheMainMenufunctionsandprovidesaccesstoUserLogInandSettings(seeSectionV.4).

Figure II-3

Configure Viscosity Test:CreateandRunviscositytests.Configure Yield Test:CreateandRunyieldtests.Load Test:LoadatestthathaspreviouslybeensavedorcreatedwithPGFlashsoftware.TestsmaybeloadedfrominternalmemoryoraUSBFlashDrive.View Results:LoadResults(savedtestdata)thathavepreviouslybeensaved.ResultsmaybeloadedfrominternalmemoryoraUSBFlashDrive.Manage Files: ManagethefilesystemintheinternalmemoryoronaUSBFlashDrivefortestprogramsandsaveddata.Createnewfolderstructures,deletefiles,renamefilesandmovefiles.External Mode: DirecttheDV3TtocommunicatewithBrookfieldRheocalcTSoftwareforcompleterheometercontrol.

EachoftheMainMenuitemsaredetailedinthefollowingsectionsofthemanual.

II.5.1 ConfigureViscosityTest

ViscositymeasurementsaremadeontheDV3TRheometerthroughtheConfigureViscosityTestfunction.TheuserispresentedwithConfigureViscosityTestattheconclusionoftheAutoZerofunctionorbyselectionontheHomeMenu .

All elements related to the measurement of viscosity are selected within ConfigureViscosityTest.TeststhatarecreatedcanbesavedtotheinternalmemoryoftheDV3TRheometerorontoaconnectedUSBFlashDrive.TestscanbeloadedfrommemorybyselectingLoadTestfromtheHome Screen .

TIP:ManyaspectsofConfigureViscosityTestcanbelimitedwhenUserIDandLogInfunctionsareimplemented(seeSectionV.4.2).


ThebasicConfigureViscosityTestviewisshowninFigureII-4.ThisviewincludestheStatusBar(SectionII.3),TitleBar(whichincludestheHomeandSettingsicons),testname,testparameters,theMore/Lessbar,andCommandKeys(seeSectionII.4).

More/Less Bar

Command Keys

Status BarTitle Bar

Test Parameters

Test Name

Figure II-4

TheusercanseethenameofanytestthathasbeenloadedthroughtheLoadTestfunction.InFigureII-4,thefilenameislistedasUnsavedTest,indicatingthatthecurrenttesthasnotbeensaved.

TheMore/Less bar is seen just below the test parameters. In Figure II-4, this bar includes adownarrow,whichindicatesthatmoreinformationisavailable.FigureII-5showstheadditionalinformationthatcanbeaccessed.TheMore/Lessbar,inthisview,nowhasanuparrowindicatingthattheadditionalinformationcanbehidden.

More/Less Bar

Command Keys

Status BarTitle Bar

Data Fields

Figure II-5


TheCommandKeysincludeClear,SaveandRun.Clear: Clearalldatathathasbeenenteredintothetestparameters

andrestorethevaluestothefactorydefault.

Save: Savethecurrenttest.

Run: Runthecurrenttest.

TheTestParameterareaincludesmanyelementsoftheviscositytestaswellaslivemeasurementsofTorque%andTemperature.TemperaturedatawillonlybedisplayedifaBrookfieldtemperatureprobeisconnectedtotheDV3TRheometer.

Torque: Alivesignalfromtherheometer.

Spindle: Thecurrentlyselectedspindle.Allviscosity,shearrate,andshearstresscalculationswillbemadebasedonthisspindle.Thespindlenumbermaybechangedbypressingthebluearrow.

Speed: The currently selected speed of rotation. TherheometerwilloperateatthisspeedoncetheRUNcommandkeyispressed.Thespeedmaybechangedbypressingthebluearrow.

Temperature: Alivesignalfromtherheometerwhenatemperatureprobeisattached(BrookfieldpartnumberDVP-94YorSC4-61Y).

End Condition: Specifytheconditionthatwillendthetest.

Data Collection: Specify the amount of data to be collectedduringthetest.

Instructions: Createamessagethattheuserwillseewhenthetestbegins.

Reports: Definehowthedatawillbeviewedwhenthetestiscomplete.

QC Limits: Definethelimitsforacceptablemeasurementdata.

Density: Definethedensityofthetestsample.Thisinformationwill be used when kinematic viscosity units areselectedfordisplay(seeSectionV.4.2)

II.5.2 ConfigureYieldTest

YieldmeasurementsaremadeontheDV3TRheometerthroughtheConfigureYieldTestfunction.TheusercanselectConfigureYieldTestfromtheHomeMenu .


AllelementsrelatedtothemeasurementofyieldareselectedwithinConfigureYieldTest.TeststhatarecreatedcanbesavedtotheinternalmemoryoftheDV3TRheometerorontoaconnectedUSBFlashDrive.TestscanbeloadedfrommemorybyselectingLoadTestfromtheHomeScreen .

TIP:ManyaspectsofconfigureYieldTestcanbelimitedwhenUserIDandLogInfunctionsareimplemented(seeSectionV.4.2).

ThebasicConfigureYieldTestviewisshowninFigureII-6.ThisviewincludestheStatusBar(SectionII.3),TitleBar(whichincludestheHomeandSettingsicons),testname,testparameters,theMore/Lessbar,andCommandKeys(seeSectionII.4).

More/Less Bar

Command Keys

Status BarTitle Bar

Test Parameters

Test Name

Figure II-6

TheusercanseethenameofanytestthathasbeenloadedthoroughtheLoadTestfunction.InFigureII-6,thefilenameislistedasUnsavedTest,indicatingthatthecurrenttesthasnotbeensaved.TheMore/Less bar is seen just below the test parameters. In Figure II-6, the bar includes adownarrow,whichindicatesthatmoreinformationisavailable.FigureII-7showstheadditionalinformationthatcanbeaccessed.TheMore/Lessbarinthisviewnowhasanuparrowindicatingthattheadditionalinformationcanbehidden.

More/Less BarCommand Keys

Status BarTitle Bar

Data Fields

Test Name

Figure II-7


ThecommandKeysincludeClear,SaveandRun.Clear: Clearalldatathathasbeenenteredintothetestparameters

andrestorethevaluestothefactorydefault.

Save: Savethecurrenttest.

Run: Runthecurrenttest.

Thetestparameterareaincludesmanyelementsoftheyieldtestaswellaslivemeasurementoftemperature.TemperaturedatawillonlybedisplayedifaBrookfieldtemperatureprobeisconnectedtotheDV3TRheometer.

Spindle: Thecurrentlyselectedspindle.AllYieldandStresscalculationswillbemadebasedontheSpindleselectionandtheImmersionMark.Spindlechoiceislimitedtovanespindlesoruserdefinedcustom spindles.

Immersion Mark: SpecifytheimmersionlocationoftheBrookfieldvanespindle.Primaryisattheimmersionmarkshownonthespindleshaft.Secondaryisatthemid-pointofthevanesurface(seeSectionIV.5).

Pre-ShearSpeed: Specifyaspedofrotationforpre-shearofthesample

Pre-ShearTime: SpecifythedurationofthePre-Shearstep.

Zero Speed: Specifythespeedofrotationusedtoreturnthe%Torquereadingtozerobeforestartingtheyieldmeasurement.

WaitTime: Specifythedurationofarestperiodpriortostartingtheyieldtest.

RunSpeed: Specifythespeedoftheyieldtest.

TorqueReduction: Specifytheendpointofthetest.Normallysetto100%.

Temperature: Alivesignalfromtherheometerwhenatemperatureprobeis attached (Brookfield Part No.DVP-94Y). Also shownis the set point used to control the attached temperaturecontroller(BrookfieldThermoselorTC-XX0SD/TC-XX0APTemperatureBaths).

YieldLimit: Definethelimitsforacceptablemeasurementdata.


SavePath: Definethememorylocationwherethedatawillbesaved.


II.5.3 Load Test

Testprogramsthatarecreated(ConfigureViscosityTest/ConfigureYieldTest)canbesavedtotheinternalmemoryoftheDV3TortoaUSBFlashDrive.ThesefilescanbereloadedintotheDV3TforimmediateusethroughtheLoadTestfunction.AfilethatisplacedontoaUSBFlashDrivecanbeloadedontoanyDV3TRheometer.

WithintheLoadTestfunction,theusercanaccesstheinternalmemoryoftherheometeroranyUSBFlashDrivethatisconnectedtoaUSBport .TherheometerwillpointtotheUSBFlashDrive accordingtotheorderinwhichitisconnected.ThefirstUSBFlashDrivethatisconnectedwill be referredtoas#1onboththeLoadTestscreensandtheStatusBar(seeSectionII.3).YoucanhaveasmanyasthreeUSBFlashDrivesconnectedtotheDV3Tatanytime.

Testfilesthataredisplayedonthescreencanbesortedbydateofcreationorbyalpha/numeric.ThissortingisselectedbypressingtheNavigationIcon or .

TIP: YoucanusetheManageFilesfunction tomoveTestfilesfrominternalmemorytoaUSBFlashDrive.

II.5.4 View Results

Testresults(datafiles)canbesavedtotheinternalmemoryoftheDV3TortoaUSBFlashDrive.ThesesfilescanbereloadedintotheDV3Tforreview,analysis,orprintingthroughtheViewResultsfunction.AfileofTestResultsthatissavedontoaUSBFlashDrivecanbeviewedonanyDV3TRheometer.

WithintheViewResultsfunction,theusercanaccesstheinternalmemoryoftheDV3TRheometeroranyUSBFlashDrivethatisconnectedtoaUSBport .TherheometerwillpointtotheUSB FlashDriveaccordingtotheorderinwhichitisconnected.ThefirstUSBFlashDrivethatis connected will bereferredtoas#1onboththeViewResultsscreenandtheStatusBar.YoucanhaveasmanyasthreeUSBFlashDrivesconnectedtotheDV3Tatanytime.

Resultsfilesthataredisplayedonthescreencanbesortedbydateofcreationorbyalpha/numeric.ThissortingisselectedbypressingtheNavigationIcon or .

TIP: YoucanusetheManageFilesfunction tomoveResultsfilesfrominternalmemorytoaUSBFlashDrive.

II.5.5 Manage Files

ResultFilesandTestFilescanbemanagedintheinternalmemoryoronUSBFlashDrivesfromtheManageFilesfunction.Folderstructurescanbeaddedorchangedtoassistwithdatamanagement.Filesmaybecopied,moved,renamedordeleted.AccesstothisfunctioncanbelimitedwhenUserIDandLogInfunctionsareimplemented(seeSectionV.4.2).

Filesthataredisplayedonthescreencanbesortedbydateofcreationorbyalpha/numeric.ThissortingisselectedbypressingtheNavigationIcon or .


II.5.6 External Mode

TheDV3TRheometercanbecontrolledfromacomputerthroughtheuseofoptionalBrookfieldSoftwareRheocalcT.TherheometermustbeplacedintoexternalcontrolmodefromtheMainMenu .TherheometermustbeconnectedtothecomputerwithaUSBAcable(DVP-202).

TIP: TheStatusBarwillindicateaproperconnectiontothecomputerbydisplayingtheComputerIcon .

TheDV3TwilldisplayExternalModewhenconfiguredforoperationwiththecomputer. ThisdisplayincludesaReturnbuttonthatwillresettherheometertostandaloneoperation.

II.6 Range

TheDV3T Rheometer will calculate themeasurement range for a specific spindle and speedcombination.ThisinformationisdisplayedonthescreenwhileselectingthespindlenumberasshowninFigureII-6. TheRangeisalsoshownintheRunningViscosityTestviewduringthemeasurement.ViscositywillbedisplayedintheunitofmeasurespecifiedinSettings and is settocentipoise(cP)fromthefactory.

Range

Figure II-6

TIP: TheRangevalueisthesameastheAutoRangeavailableonearlierBrookfieldrheometermodels.


II.7 Out of Range

TheDV3TRheometerwillgiveonscreenindicationswhenthemeasurementisoutofrangeoftheinstrument.Whenthe%Torquereadingexceeds100%(overrange),thedisplayof%Torque,Viscosity,andShearStresswillbeEEEE(seeFigureII-7).Ifthe%Torquevalueisbetween0-9.9%,thedatafieldlabelwillflash.Whenthe%Torqueisbelowzero(negativevalues),thedisplayofViscosityandShearStresswillbe----.

TIP: Brookfieldrecommendscollectingdataonlywhenthe%Torquereadingisbetween10-100%.

Figure II-7

Measurementdatashouldnotbecollectedwhenthe%Torquereadingisoutofrange.Theoutofrangeconditioncanberesolvedbyeitherchangingthespeed(reducespeedwhenreadingisoutofrange:high)orchangingthespindle(increasethespindlesizewhenthereadingisoutofrange:low).

TIP: Whencomparingdata,thetestmethodiscritical.Besurethatyouknowtheproperspindleandspeedrequiredforthetestmethod.Ifreadingsareoutofrange,thisconditionshouldbereportedasthetestresult.


II.8 Printing

TheDV3TRheometercancommunicatetoaDymoLabelWriter450Turbolabelprinter.ThisprintercanbepurchasedfromBrookfield(PartNo.GV-1046).ThecommunicationtotheprinterisbyUSB(cableprovidedwiththeprinter).WhentheprinterisconnectedtotheDV3T,theprintericonwillbevisibleinthestatusbar.

TheDV3TRheometercanconfiguretheprintoutforseveralformatsofpaper/labels.Thesevariouspaper/labelstocksareavailablefromBrookfield.

1. GV-1048ADDRESSLABEL1.13X3.5IN.350P/ROLL2. GV-1049SHIPPINGLABEL2.31X4IN.300P/ROLL)3. GV-1047CONTINUOUSPAPER2.25IN.WD.X300FT.LG

Figure II-8

Printer formats are detailed below:

Data Label (Small)


Data Label (Large)

TIP: Whenprintingtoalabel,ifthedatasetincludesmorethanonepoint,onlythelastpointwill be printed.

Data Continuous


III. MAKING VISCOSITY MEASUREMENTS

III.1 Quick Start

TheDV3TRheometerusesthesamemethodologyforviscositymeasurementsastheBrookfieldDialReadingViscometersandDVseriesofDigitalViscometers. IfyouhaveexperiencewithotherBrookfieldequipment,thissectionwillgiveyouquickstepsfortakingaviscosityreading.IfyouhavenotusedaBrookfieldRheometerbefore,skipthissectionandgotoSectionIII.2foradetailed description.

A) AssembleandleveltheDV3TRheometer(SectionI.4).B) Turnpoweron.C) Autozerotherheometer(SectionII.2).D) TheDV3TwilldisplaytheConfigureViscosityTestScreen.Inthisscreen,select

spindleandspeed.ConfirmthatDataCollectionissettoSinglePointandthatEndConditionissettoTime00:00:00.

E) Introducethespindleintothesampleandattachthespindletothecouplingnut.NOTE: Left-hand thread. IfequippedwithEZ-Lock,usetheappropriateproceduretoconnectthespindle(seeSectionIII.3).

F) PresstheRunbutton.ThescreenwillchangetotheRunningViscosityTestScreen.G) Whenyouarereadytorecordthemeasurementresult,presstheStopTestbutton.The

screenwillchangetotheResultsTable.H) Recordthe%torqueandviscosity.I) Torunanothertest,pressConfigureTest.ToreturntotheHomeScreen,pressthe

Home Icon.

III.2 Preparations for Making Measurements

A) RHEOMETER:TheDV3Tshouldbeturnedon,leveledandautozeroed.Thelevelisadjustedusingthetwofeetonthebottomofthebaseandconfirmedusingthebubblelevelonthefrontofthehead.Adjustthefeetuntilthebubbleisinsidethecentertarget.Setthelevelpriortoautozeroandcheckthelevelpriortoeachmeasurement.

The proper level is essential for correct operation of the DV3T.

B) SAMPLE:Thefluidtobemeasured(sample)mustbeinacontainer.ThestandardspindlessuppliedwiththeDV3T[LV(1-4),RV(2-7),orHA/HB(2-7)]aredesignedtobeusedwitha600mLlowformGriffinbeaker(orequivalentcontainerwithadiameterof8.25cm).ThesameappliestotheoptionalRV1,HA/HB1,andVanespindles.ManyotherspindlesystemsaresuppliedfromBrookfieldwithspecificsamplechamberssuchastheSmallSampleAdapter,ULAdapterandThermosel.

Brookfieldrecommendsthatyouusetheappropriatecontainerfortheselectedspindle.Youmaychoosetouseanalternatecontainerforconvenience,however,thismayhaveaneffectonthemeasuredviscosity.TheDV3Tiscalibratedconsideringthespecifiedcontainer.Alternatecontainerswillprovideresultsthatarerepeatablebutmaynotbe“true”.

TheLV(1-4)andRV(1-7)aredesignedtobeusedwiththeguardlegattached.Measurementsmadewithouttheguardlegwillproviderepeatableresultsbutmaynotprovide“true”results.

When comparing data with others, be sure to specify the sample container and presence/absence of the guardleg.


Manysamplesmustbecontrolledtoaspecifictemperatureforviscositymeasurement.Whenconditioningasamplefortemperature,besuretotemperaturecontrolthecontainerandspindleaswellasthesample.

Pleaseseeourpublication,“MoreSolutionstoStickyProblems”,formoredetailrelatingtosample preparation.

III.3 Programming

TheDV3TRheometerprovidesapowerfulprogrammingcapabilityfordatacollection.TheinterfaceinConfigureViscosityTestallowsforcontrolofallinstrumentparametersincludingSpindle,Speed,Temperature(optional),EndCondition,DataCollection,Instructions,Reports,Density,andQCLimits(describedinthenextsectionsofthischapter).AnycollectionoftheseparametersisconsideredaTestStep.TheDV3Tallowsyoutocreatemultiplestepstobetterevaluateyoursamplematerial.SeveralparametersareonlyactiveinthefirststepincludingSpindleandInstructions.

MultiplestepsinaTestcanbeusefultoevaluatetherheologyofasampleortosimplyaidindatacollection.AmultistepTestthathasachangeinspeedineachstepcanshowNewtonianornonNewtonianflowbehavior.AfirststepwithNoDatacanbeusefulwhenpreshearingisrequired.AstepwithNoDatacanbeusefulwhenatemperaturechangeiseffectedandsometimeisrequiredforthermalequilibrium.

TheConfigureViscosityTestscreen(seeFigureIII-1)includesseveraltoolsforcreatingTestswithmultiple steps.

Figure III-1

Navigation / Add: Usethe toaddanewstepattheendofthe Test.Usethe to navigate to previous steps.

Delete: Deletethecurrentstep.

Insert: Insertanewstepafterthecurrentstep.


TwomultistepTestsareshownbelow.Thefirsttestshowsathreesteptestwhereeachstephasadifferentspeedwithasingledatapointcollection.Theresultswillincludethreeviscositypoints,oneforeachspeed.Thesecondtestshowsatwosteptestwherethefirststepisapreshearstep.Thepreshearisconductedat200rpmforoneminuteandnodataiscollected.Thesecondstepgenerates a single data point. ThreeStepTest:

Figure III-2a: Step 1 Figure III-2b: Step 2 Figure III-2c: Step 3

TwoStepTest:

Figure III-3a: Step 1 Figure III-3b: Step 2

III.4 Selecting a Spindle/Speed

TheDV3Thasthecapabilityofmeasuringviscosityoveranextremelywiderange.Forexample,theDV3TRVcanmeasurefluidswithintherangeof100-40,000,000cP.Thisrangeisachievedthroughtheuseofseveralspindlesovermanyspeeds.SeeAppendixBfordetails.


Theprocessofselectingaspindleandspeedforanunknownfluidisnormallytrialanderror. An appropriate selection will result in measurements made between 10-100 on the instrument % torque scale.Therearetwogeneralruleswillhelpinthetrialanderrorprocess:

1)Viscosityrangeisinverselyproportionaltothesizeofthespindle. 2)Viscosityrangeisinverselyproportionaltotherotationalspeed.

Inotherwords:tomeasurehighviscosity,chooseasmallspindleand/oraslowspeed.Ifthechosenspindle/speedresultsinareadingabove100%,thenreducethespeedorchooseasmallerspindle.

Experimentationmayrevealthatseveralspindle/speedcombinationswill produce satisfactory results between 10-100%. When thiscircumstanceoccurs,anyofthespindlesmaybeselected.

Non-Newtonianfluidbehaviorcanresultinthemeasuredviscosityandyieldstresschangingifthespindleand/orspeedischanged.Seeourpublication,“MoreSolutionstoStickyProblems”,formoredetails.

When viscosity data must be compared, be sure to use the same test methodology: namely the same instrument, spindle, speed, container, temperature and test time.

DV3TLVRheometersareprovidedwithasetoffourspindlesanda narrowguardleg;DV3TRVRheometers comewith a set of sixspindlesandawiderguardleg;DV3THAandDV3THBRheometerscomewithasetofsixspindlesandno guardleg.(SeeAppendixFformoreinformationontheguardleg.)

Thespindlesareattachedtotherheometerbyscrewingthemontothecouplingnutonthelowershaft(seeFigureIII-4).Notethatthespindleshavealeft-handthread.Thelowershaftshouldbesecuredandslightlyliftedwithonehandwhilescrewingthespindletotheleft. Thefaceof thespindlenutand thematchingsurfaceon thelowershaftshouldbesmoothandcleantopreventeccentricrotationofthespindle.Spindlescanbeidentifiedbythenumberonthesideofthespindlecouplingnut.

Themotor should beOFFwheneverspindlesarebeingremovedorattached.

IfyourinstrumenthastheEZ-Locksystem,thespindlesareattachedas follows:

Withonehandhold thespindle,whilegently raising thespring-loadedoutersleevetoitshighestpositionwiththeotherhand,asshown inFigure III-5. Insert theEZ-LockSpindleCoupling sothatthebottomofthecouplingisflushwiththebottomoftheshaft,andlowerthesleeve.Thesleeveshouldeasilyslidebackdowntoholdthespindle/couplingassemblyinplaceforuse.[Spindlescanbeidentifiedbyentrycode;lookforthenumberonthesideoftheEZ-Lockspindlecoupling.]


Note: KeeptheEZ-LockSpindleCouplingandouter sleeve as clean as possible and free fromdebris that could become lodgedinsidetheadapter. Figure III-5

Figure III-4


III.5 Temperature Control

TheDV3TRheometerprovidestheabilitytocontrolthetemperatureofaconnectedBrookfieldtemperaturecontroldevicesuchastheThermosel(HT-106controller)andwaterbathswithSDorAPcontrollers(forexample:TC-550SD).TheThermoselorwaterbathcanthenbeusedtocontrolthetemperatureofthesampleundertest.

TheDV3Tconnectstothetemperaturecontroldevicethroughadedicatedcommunicationcable.TheThermoselrequirescableDVP-141.ThewaterbathsrequirecableDVP-207.ThesecablesareavailablefromBrookfield.

Whenconfiguredforcontrolofatemperaturecontroldevice,theDV3Tmayhavetwotemperatureinputs;

1)thetemperatureprobesuppliedwiththeDV3T(DVP-94Y,CPA-44PYZ,orSC4-13RPY)and 2)thetemperatureprobesuppliedwiththetemperaturecontroldevice(waterbathorThermosel).

Onlyonetemperatureprobecanbeusedfordisplayoflivetemperature,control,anddatacollection.SelecttheprobetobeusedintheTemperaturemenu(seeFigureIII-6).

TIP:EmbeddedtemperatureprobesusedwiththeCone/PlateandSmallSampleAdaptercanbeusedforsetpointcontrolofawaterbath.Makingthisselectioncanimprovethetemperaturecontrolofthesamplebyoffsettingthetemperaturebathtoaccountforanyheatlossinthetubingorwaterjacket.Tousetheembeddedtemperatureprobe,selectProbeintheTemperaturemenu.

TemperaturecontrolmustbeinitiatedeachtimetheDV3Tispoweredon.Besurethatthetemperaturecontroldeviceispoweredonpriortoinitiatingcommunication.ChoseDeviceSetupintheSettingsmenu.ChoseTemperatureandyouwillbepresentedwiththeTemperaturemenu(seeFigureIII-6).TemperatureOffsetisdescribedinSectionIV.1.

Figure III-6

SelectTemperatureControllerandyouwillbepresentedwiththeDefaultTemperaturemenu(seeFigureIII-7).Thismenuallowstheuserto1)initiatecommunicationwiththetemperaturecontrollerand2)setadefaulttemperature.


Figure III-7

InitiatetemperaturecontrolbypressingtheTestConnection.Theconnectionstatuswillbeconfirmedwithamessageboxandtheappearanceofthebathiconinthestatusbar(seeSectionII.3).

TheDefaultTemperature is the temperature value that the control devicewill return to at theconclusionofaTest.Thisvalueissetonlyifthecheckboxischecked.Whenthecheckboxisunchecked,thetemperaturecontrollerwillholdatthelastsetpointusedintheTest.

TIP:Whenatestinvolvesseveraltemperaturesetpoints,settheDefaultTemperaturetothefirstsetpointusedintheTest.ThiswillreducethetransitiontimefromoneTestruntothenextTestrun.

III.6 Multiple Data Points

Themajorityofviscosityandyieldstressmeasurementsaremadeatthequalitycontrollevelandoftenconsistofasingledatapoint.Thetestisconductedwithonespindleatonespeed.Thedatapointisausefulbenchmarkforthego/no-godecisioninaproductionsetting.TheDV3Tcanbeused for single point measurement.

Manyfluidsexhibitacharacteristicchangeinviscosityandyieldstresswithachangeinappliedforce.Thisnon-Newtonianflowbehavioriscommonlyseeninpaints,coatingsandfoodproductsasadecreaseinviscosityasshearrateincreasesoranincreaseinyieldstressasarotationalspeedincreases.Thisbehaviorcannotbedetectedorevaluatedwiththesinglepointmeasurement.

Non-Newtonianflowisanalyzedthroughthecollectionofviscositydataoverarangeofshearratesandthegenerationofagraphofviscosityversusshearrate(arheogram).Thisinformationwillallowforamorecompletecharacterizationofafluidandmayhelpinformulationandproductionofaproduct.TheDV3Tiscapableofcollectingmultipledatapointsforcomprehensiveanalysisofflowbehavior. Moreinformationonflowbehavior,shearrateandrheogramsisavailableinourpublication,“MoreSolutionstoStickyProblems”.


III.7 Selecting Data Collection

TheDV3TRheometeroffersseveraloptionsfordatacollection.TheDataCollectionsettingisshowninConfigureViscosityTestdirectlyundertheTemperaturedisplay.ThefactorysettingisSinglePoint(seeFigureIII-8).Pressingthebluearrow,inthisfield,willpresenttheDataCollectionscreen(seeFigureIII-9).

Figure III-8

Figure III-9

Single Point:CollectonlyasingledatapointwhentheEndConditionismet.


Single Point Averaging:Specifyanamountoftimeoverwhichtoaveragemeasureddata.CollectasingledatapointwhentheEndConditionismet. Thisdatapointisanaveragedvalue.Ifthetimeforaveragingisshorterthanthetotaltimeforthestep,thentheaveragewillbeperformedforthespecifiedtimeattheendofthetest.

Example1:TheEndConditionisTimewithavalueof1minuteand30seconds,theSinglePointAveragingDurationis30seconds,thesingledatapointcollectedfromthisstepwillbeanaverageofthedatameasuredfrom1minuteto1minute30seconds.

Multi Point:Collectmultipledatapointsbasedon time. TheData Interval is specified inHours:Mins:Secs.IftheEndConditionissettoTime,thenthetotalnumberofpointswillbecalculatedanddisplayedintheDataCollectionscreen.IftheEndConditionisnotbasedontimethenitispossiblethatthestepwillconcludepriortoadatapointbeingcollected.Ifyouwantadatapointattheconclusionofthestepregardlessof the time interval,youcancheck thecheckbox in theDataInterval screen.

Example2:EndConditionisTime=2minutes,MultiPointDataIntervalis10seconds.Totalpointscollectedwillbe12withthelastdatapointtakeninthelastsecondofthestep.

Example3:EndConditionissettoViscosity=200cP,MultiPointDataIntervalis10seconds.Duringthetestthetotaltimerequiredtoreach200cPis65seconds.Totalpointscollectedwillbe6withthelastdatapointtakenat60seconds,5secondsbeforethetestisfinished.

Example4:EndConditionissettoViscosity=200cP,MultiPointDataIntervalis10seconds.CheckthecheckboxtoAlsoCollectSinglePointatStepEnd.Duringthetest,thetotaltimerequiredtoreach200cPis65seconds.Totalpointscollectedwillbe7withthelastdatapointtakenat65seconds,5secondsafterpoint#6takenat60seconds.

Multi Point Averaging:Specify an amount of time overwhich to averagemeasured data.CollectmultipledatapointsbasedontimeuntiltheEndConditionismet.Eachdatapointisanaveragedvalue.IftheAveragingDurationisshorterthantheDataIntervalforthestep,thentheaveragewillbeperformedforthespecifiedtimeattheendoftheDataInterval.Thetotalnumberofpoints tobecollectedwillbedisplayed if theEndConditionissettoTime.IftheEndConditionisnotbasedontime,then it ispossible that the stepwill concludeprior to adatapointbeingcollected.Ifyouwantadatapointattheconclusionofthestepregardlessofthetimeinterval,youcancheckthecheckboxintheData Interval screen.

Example 5: EndCondition isTime = 2minutes,Multi PointData Interval is 10 seconds.AveragingDurationis5seconds.Totalpointscollectedwillbe12withthelastdatapointtakeninthelastsecondofthestep.Eachdatapointwillbeanaverageofthedatameasuredinthelast5secondsofeachDataInterval.

Example6:EndConditionissettoViscosity=200cP,MultiPointDataIntervalis10seconds.AveragingDurationis5seconds.Duringthetest,thetotaltimerequiredtoreach200cPis63seconds.Totalpointscollectedwillbe6withthelastdatapointtakenat60seconds,3secondsbeforethetest isfinished. Eachdatapointwillbeanaverageofthedatameasuredinthelast5secondsofeachDataInterval.

Example7:EndConditionissettoViscosity=200cP,MultiPointDataIntervalis10seconds.AveragingDurationis5seconds.CheckthecheckboxtoAlsoCollectSinglePoint


atStepEnd.Duringthetest,thetotaltimerequiredtoreach200cPis65seconds.Totalpointscollectedwillbe7with the lastdatapoint takenat65seconds,anaverageofthe5secondsafterpoint#6.

Example8:EndConditionissettoViscosity=200cP,MultiPointDataIntervalis1minute.AveragingDurationis20seconds.CheckthecheckboxtoAlsoCollectSinglePointatStepEnd.Duringthetest,thetotaltimerequiredtoreach200cPis10minutes40seconds.Totalpointscollectedwillbe11withthelastdatapointtakenat10minutes40seconds,anaverageofthelast20secondsofthestep.

No Data: End Condition is met and no data is collected.

III.8 End Condition

Thecompletionofa test isdefinedbytheEndCondition. EachtimethatyouenterConfigureViscosityTest,theEndConditionwillbesettothelastvalueused.TheEndConditionparameterorvaluescanbechangedbypressingtheEndConditionbutton.

WithintheEndConditionscreen,thecurrentlyselectedEndConditionparameterandvaluesaredisplayed.TheEndConditioncanbechangedbypressingthebluedownarrowwithintheparameterfield.SixEndConditionsareavailable:Time,#ofPoints,#ofRevolutions,Torque,Viscosity,Temperature(seeFigureIII-10).

Figure III-10

Time:Thetestwillcompletewhenthespecifiedamountoftimehaselapsed.TimeisenteredinHours,Minutes,andSeconds.

Hours: 0-99Minutes: 0-59Seconds: 0-59

Atimeofzerohours,minutesandsecondsmaybeselected.WiththisEndCondition,theDV3TwilloperateattheselectedspeeduntiltheoperatorselectsStopTest.DatawillbecollectedaccordingtotheDataCollectionsetting(seeSectionIII.7).


TIP:AnEndConditionofzeroTimecanbeusefulwhenmeasuringanewmaterial.Duringthetest,thespeedcanbechangedwithoutendingandthenrerunningthetest(seeSectionIII.10).Thismethodcanallowyoutoquicklyevaluatethespindleselectiontodeterminethebestspeedsfortesting.

# of Points:Thetestwillcompletewhenthespecifiednumberofdatapointshasbeencollected.DataiscollectedaccordingtotheDataCollectionsetting(seeSectionIII.6).Therangeofdatapointsis:1–9,999.

# of Revolutions:Thetestwillcompletewhenthespecifiednumberofrevolutionsofthespindlehasoccurred.DataiscollectedaccordingtotheDataCollectionsetting(seeSectionIII.6).Therangefornumberofrevolutionsis:1–9,999.

Torque:ThetestwillcompletewhenthespecifiedTorquevalueismeasured.DataiscollectedaccordingtotheDataCollectionsetting(seeSectionIII.6).TherangeofvaluesforthemeasuredTorqueis:-10.0–100.0.

Viscosity: ThetestwillcompletewhenthespecifiedViscosityvalue ismeasured. Data iscollectedaccordingtotheDataCollectionsetting(seeSectionIII.6).TherangeofmeasuredViscosityis0–10,000,000,000cP.

Note:TheViscosityEndConditionshouldbeselectedinconsiderationoftheRangeprovidedbythespindleandspeedselected.ChecktheRangevaluebyselectingSpindle inConfigureViscosityTest. If you choose aViscosityEndConditiongreaterthantheRangeofthespindleandspeedsettings,thenthevalueshownintheEndConditionfieldwillbeEEEE.Inthiscase,theendconditionwillneverbeachieved.

Temperature: ThetestwillcompletewhenthespecifiedTemperaturevalueismeasuredtowithintheindicatedTolerance.TheTolerancespecifieshowclosethemeasuredtemperatureshouldbetothespecifiedtemperaturevaluetoconsiderthetargetreached.TemperatureismeasuredthroughtheuseofaconnectedBrookfieldtemperatureprobe(DVP-94Y,CPA-44ZPYcup,SC4-XXRPYchamber).DataiscollectedaccordingtotheDataCollectionsetting(seeSectionIII.6).

Temperature:-100–300CTolerance:0.0–9.9C

TIP: AsmalltolerancevaluewillrequireamuchlongertimetoreachtheEnd Condition.

TIP: ConsiderusingalargerTolerancevaluefortheEndConditionandthenuseasecondstepforthermalequilibrium(EndConditionTime).Thistwostepmethodcanreducethevariabilityintesttimecausedbyvariations in temperature sensors.

III.9 Additional Test Parameters

TheConfigureViscosityTestscreenincludesaMore/LessBar.Whenpressed,theMoreBarwillpresentseveraladditionalTestParametersincluding:QCLimits,Instructions,Reports,andDensity.TheseparametersarealwaysavailableandactiveregardlessofthepositionoftheMore/LessBar.

QC Limits:Selectanacceptablerangeformeasurementresults.TherangemaybedefinedbyViscosity,Torque,Time,Temperature,orShearStress.ThepossiblerangeforViscosityandShearStresswillbedefinedbythespindleandspeedselected.QCLimitsareavisualandaudiblesignaltotheoperatorduringthetest.Thedatasetdoes not include an indication of QC Limits violation.


AviolationoftheQCLimitsduringthetestwillbeindicatedbyaflashingyellowboxaroundthedisplayforthespecifiedparameter.NotethatTimedoesnothaveadedicateddisplay.Aviolationwillalsoresultinanaudiblebeepandaonetimewarningmessage(seeFigureIII-11).Datawillcontinuetobecollectedwhilethewarningmessageisdisplayed.

Figure III-11

WhenViscosityorTorquearetheselectedQCLimitsparameter,QCLimitswillbeshownduringthetestontheRealTimeGraphifthatparameterisselectedfordisplay(seeFigureIII-12).TheQCLimitsarerepresentedbythedashedlines.

TIP:AudiblealarmsmaybeturnedoffintheUserSettings .

TIP: AnindicationofaQCLimitviolationisnotpartofthedataset.TheusercanrecordaviolationbyusingtheNotesavailablewhenviewingtestResults(seeSectionIII.11).

Trend Bar

Figure III-12


Instructions:Recordspecificinstructionstotheoperator.ThisinformationwillbepresentedimmediatelywhentheprogramisRun(seeFigureIII-13).Theoperatorisrequiredtoacknowledgethemessagebeforetheprogramwillcontinue.

Figure III-13

TIP: If the operator selects “Do not show thismessage again”within theInstructionsmessagebox,thenInstructionswillnolongerbedisplayedforanytest.ThisconditioncanberesettoallowInstructionstobedisplayedintheDisplaysectionofUserSettings .

TIP:Instructionscanbeviewedduringthetestbyselectinginstructions(more/lessbar)intheViewTestscreen.

Reports:Definehowdatawillbepresentedattheconclusionofthetestandspecifythepathforsavingdatafiles.Upontheconclusionofatest,theusercanbepresentedwitheither:aGraph,Table,MathModel,oranAverageofcollecteddatapoints.OnceintheResultssection,thedownarrow canbeusedtochangetheview.

PostTestAveragingcanbespecifiedaseitherTestAveragingorStepAveraging.TestAveragingallowsyoutoselectwhichstepfromtheprogram(createdwithPGFlash)istobeaveragedanddisplayed.StepAveragingisusedwhenthereisasingleteststep.See Section III.10 for more detail relating to Data Averaging.

Thedatapathforsavingdatacanbepreselectedaspartofthetestreport.

TIP: SelectingadatapathcanhelptoorganizedatastorageintheinternalmemoryofDV3T.Bypreselectingthedatapath,operatorsaredirectedtoputdatafromspecifictestsintospecificareas.

TIP: IfyouselectadatapaththatincludesaUSBFlashDrivelocationandtheUSBFlashDrivehasbeenremoved,anerrormessagewillbedisplayed.

Density: Inputadensityvalueforthesampletobetested.Thisvaluewillbeusedtocalculateviscositywhenkinematicviscosityunits havebeen chosen for display (seeSectionV.4.2).


III.10 Running a Test

AviscositytestisstartedbypressingtheRunbuttonontheConfigureViscosityTestscreen.WhenRunispressed,thedisplaywillchangetotheRunningViscosityTestscreen(seeFigureIII-14).

Real Time Graph

Command Keys

Status BarTitle BarTest Name

Measurement Data

Figure III-14

TheRunningViscosityTestscreenprovidesinformationonthecurrentmeasurementincluding:Torque,Viscosity,ShearStress,ShearRate,TemperatureandSpeed.

TorqueisthedeflectionoftheRheometertorquesensor.Itisdescribedasapercent(%)andhasarangeof0–100%.TheDV3TwillprovidemeasurementresultswithinthestatedaccuracyprovidedtheTorquereadingisbetween10and100%.IftheTorquereadingfallsbelow10%thelabelsinthedatafieldswillflashtoindicateanerrorcondition.Brookfielddoesnotrecommendthatdatabecollectedbelow10%Torque;however,datacollectionisnotrestricted.

TIP: TorqueontheDV3TisequivalenttothedialreadingfromtheBrookfieldDialReadingViscometeror the%reading fromBrookfieldDigitalViscometers (DV-E,DV-I,DV-II,DV-III).

ViscosityiscalculatedfromthemeasuredTorquebasedontheselectedspindleandspeedofrotation.TheunitsofviscosityaredefinedintheGlobalSettingssectionoftheSettingsMenu

.IftheTorquereadingfallsbelow10%,thelabelsinthedatafieldswillflashtoindicatean error condition.

Shear StressiscalculatedfromthemeasuredTorquebasedontheselectedspindle.TheunitsofshearstressaredefinedintheGlobalSettingssectionoftheSettingsMenu .IftheTorquereadingfallsbelow10%,thelabelsinthedatafieldswillflashtoindicateanerrorcondition.

TIP:ShearStresswillbedisplayedaszeroforspindlesthatdonothaveSRCvalues.

Shear Rateiscalculatedfromtheselectedspeedbasedontheselectedspindle.

TIP:ShearRatewillbedisplayedaszeroforspindlesthatdonothaveSRCvalues.


TemperatureistheinputvaluefromaconnectedBrookfieldtemperatureprobe.TheDV3TisprovidedwithaDVP-94Yprobethatcanbeinsertedintothetestsampleorawaterbath.TheCone/PlateversionoftheDV3Tcanbeutilizedwithasamplecupthatincludesanembeddedtemperatureprobe.SomeBrookfieldaccessoriesincludetemperatureprobes(Thermosel)oroptionalchamberswithembeddedtemperatureprobes(SmallSampleAdapter).TheunitsoftemperaturearedefinedintheGlobalSettingssectionoftheSettingsMenu .

Thetemperaturedisplaywillbe----whennotemperatureprobeisconnected.

SpeedistheselectedspeedfromtheConfigureViscosityTestscreen.

TIP:SpeedcanbechangedbyswitchingfromtheRunningViscosityTestscreentotheViewTestscreenusingthecommandkeyatthebottomofthescreen.

TIP:WhenSpeedischangedintheViewTestscreen,theTestNamewillbechangedtounsaved.

Thestatusofthetestconfigurationisindicatedinthegreybarabovethedatafields.Aconfigurationthathasbeensavedwillbeindicatedbyadisplayofthetestfilename.AconfigurationthatisnotsavedwillbeindicatedbyadisplayofUnsavedTest.

TheReal Time GraphisdisplayedatthebottomoftheRunningViscosityTestscreen.Thisgraphshowsallmeasurementsduringthelifeofthetest.TheY-axiscanrepresentanydatafield.Thedatafieldrepresentedonthegraphisshownbythebluedot;forexample,inFigureIII-14,Torqueisshownonthegraph.Anydatafieldcanbeselectedbytouchingthescreen.

TheRealTimeGraphwillindicatedatapointscollectedaspartofthetestwithabluedotonthedataline.Attheconclusionofthetest,theRealTimeGraphisdisplayedforreview.OncetheOKbuttonispressed,onlythedatapointscollectedaspartofthetestwillbeavailableforreview/save.TheRealTimeGraphcannotbeseenagainoncetheResultspageisinview.

QCLimitswillbeindicatedontheRealTimeGraphwhentheselectionforY-AxisisthesameastheselectionforQCLimits(seeSectionIII.9).

TwoCommandKeysareavailableontheRunningViscosityTestscreen:StopTestandViewTest.

Stop Test:Immediatelystopsthecurrenttest.Theuserwillbepresentedwithaconfirmationbox.ThetestwillcontinuetorununtilYesisselectedintheConfirmationbox.Ifanydatahadbeencollectedduringthetest,theuserwillbepresentedwiththeResultsscreen(seeSectionIII.11).Ifdatawasnotcollected,theuserwillbereturnedtotheConfigureViscosityTestscreen.

TIP: If the operator selects “Do not show this message again” within theConfirmationbox,thentheConfirmationboxwillnolongerbedisplayedwhenStopTestispressed.ThisconditioncanberesetintheDisplaysectionofUserSettings .

View Test: Changetheviewfrommeasurementtotestparametersincluding:Spindle,Speed,Temperature,EndCondition,DataCollection,QCLimits,Instructions,andDensity.TheViewTestscreenincludesalivedisplayofTorqueandaTimeparameterthatshowsthetotalelapsedtimeforthetest(seeFigureIII-15).


Figure III-15TheMore/LessBarcanbeusedtoreducethenumberofparametersshowninthedisplay.

TheSpeedparameterisactiveinthisview. TheoperatorcanchangethespeedoftestwithoutreturningtotheConfigureViscosityTestscreen.

TIP: If thespeedischangedduringtheexecutionofasavedtest, thentheteststatuswillbechangedto“UnsavedTest”.Thiswillalsobereflectedifthecollecteddataissaved.

ViewTestincludestheStopTestcommandkeyandaBackArrownavigationkey.TheBackArrowisusedtoreturnthedisplaytotheRunningViscosityTestview.

III.11 Results

MeasurementdataisviewedintheResultsscreen.ThisscreenispresentedattheconclusionofatestorwhendataisloadedthroughtheViewResultsselectionfromtheHomeMenu.

TheDV3Tutilizesacomprehensivedataformat.Datafilesincludethecompletesetofmeasurementresultsandcalculatedvaluesalongwiththetestprotocol.AllelementsofthetestcanbeviewedintheResultsscreen.

TheDV3TRheometerallowsfor5000totaldatapointsperfile.Whenviewinglargedatafiles,additionaltimeisrequiredwhenmovingfromthevariousResultsoptionslistedbelow.TheremaybesomedelayonthescreenwhiletheDV3Tpreparesthedata.


TheResultsscreenincludesseveralNavigationIconsandCommandKeys.

Home: ReturntotheHomeMenu.

Down Arrow: SelectResultsOptions.

Blue Arrow: SelectPageofResultsTable.

Print: Print Data to USB printer.

Save: Save data.

ConfigureTest: ReturntoConfigureViscosityTestscreen.

Scroll Bar: Moveup/downthroughapageofdata.

TheResultsscreenoffersseveraloptionsforviewingtestdata.TheseoptionsareaccessedviatheDownArrowintheNavigationBaratthetopofthescreen(seeFigureIII-16).

Figure III-16


Table:Displayalldatapoints.Datawillbeshowninascrolllistwhereeachpagecanholdamaximumof50points.Ifthedatasethasmorethan50points,thenadditionalpageswillbeindicatedatthebottomofthescreen.AdditionalpagesofdatacanbeaccessedthroughtheuseoftheBlueArrows

Eachdatapointincludes:Viscosity,Torque,Speed,Temperature,Time,ShearStress(SS),ShearRate(SR),Density,andAccuracy.

Post Test Averaging : Average and Standard Deviation are calculated for measured and calculated parametersincluding:Viscosity,Torque,ShearStress,andTemperature.

PostTestAveragingiscalculatedregardlessoftheDataCollectionsetting.IfDataCollectionwasset toMultipointAveraging, thenthePostTestAveragingwillcalculateanaverageoftheaverageddata.

Whenusingmultiplestepprograms,theteststeputilizedforPostTestAveragingisspecifiedintheReportsetting(seeSectionIII.9).

Test Used:Displaythetestelementsusedtogeneratethedataset.Inthisview,theConfigureTestbuttonisavailable.SelectingConfigureTestwillprogramtheDV3TtorunthesametestutilizedtocollectthedatasetbeingviewedandpresenttheConfigureViscosityTestscreen.

Notes:Documentanyrelevantinformationaboutthetestordata. Thisinformationwillbestoredwiththedatasetoncesaved.

Compare Results: Load two data sets and view side by side.

Figure III-17

Device Info:DisplaybasicinformationaboutthedatafileandthespecificDV3TRheometerusedtocollectthedataincluding:dateandtimetheteststarted,completedandwassaved;ifuseraccountsareactive,whichusersavedthedata;rheometerserialnumber,firmwareversion,rheometerTorquerange(LV,RV,HA,HB,other).


Graph:Displayagraphofthecollecteddata.TheaxiswilldefaulttothevaluesselectedintheReportsectionoftheTest.Thevaluedisplayedoneachaxiscanbechangedbyselectingfromthebluedropdownarrowineachfield.IndividualdatapointscanbeselectedandtheX/Ycoordinatevalueswillbedisplayed.Theselectedpointisrepresentedbyabluedot(otherpointsareshownasgreydots).

TIP:Somespindleselectionsdonotallowforthecalculationofshearstressandshearrate.ShearStressandShearratewillberepresentedaszeroforalldatapointsforthistypeofspindle.

TIP:IfthetemperatureprobeisnotconnectedtotheDV3T,thenthetemperaturefieldwillnotcontainanydata.TheGraphwillnotdisplaytemperatureunderthiscondition.

TheGraphcanbeprintedifthereisanattachedprinter.Thebuttonsatthebottomofthegraphareforzoomingin,zoomingout,andresetting.

Figure III-18

Math Model: Analyzecollecteddatathroughseveraldefinedequations.TheselectedmathmodelwilldefaulttotheselectionfromtheReportsectionoftheTest.Youcanchangetheselectedmodelbypressingthebluedropdownarrow.

MathModelsavailableon theDV3TRheometer includeBingham,Casson,NCA/CMACasson,PowerLaw,IPCPaste,andThixIndex.EachMathModelwillbedisplayedinequationformwithparametervaluesandconfidenceoffitcalculationsshown.Additionally,agraphofthemodelwillbeshownwhenavailable(nographisavailableforThixIndex).Thegraphisavisualaidonlyandwillnotbeincludedwithaprint.


FigureIII-19showsthePowerLawequationforatypicalsetofdata.Abriefdefinitionoftheequationwillbeshownifthei(information)buttonispressed.

Figure III-19 DetailedinformationaboutMathModelsispresentedinSectionVII.

III.12 Data Averaging

TheDV3TRheometerofferstwotechniquestoaveragedata,LiveAveragingandPostTestAveraging.Dataaveragingcanbeusefulwhenmeasuringsampleswithentrainedairorsuspendedparticlesthatcasesomevariationinmeasurementresults.Dataaveragingmaynotbeusefulwhenchangesinmeasurementresultsarecausedbytherheologicalpropertiesofthetestsamplesuchasthixotropyorpseudoplasticity(shearthinning).Materialsthatexhibitthixotropywillshowasteadilydecreasingmeasuredviscosityovertime.Materialsthatexhibitpseudoplasticitywillshowachangingviscosityasthespindlespeedchanges.

TIP: Whenaveragingdata fora thixotropicmaterial,begin theAveragingDurationafter theperiodofmostsignificantchangeinmeasuredviscosity.Thiswillreducethevariabilityintheaveragedvalue.

TIP: Whenaveragingdataforapseudoplasticmaterial,donotaveragetogether(TestAveraging)datacollectedatdifferentspeeds(orshearrates).

Live Averaging of data occurs during actual testing of a sample. Data can be collected as an average ofreadingsoveraspecifictimeinterval;eachdatapointsavedinthefileisanaveragedvalue.ThisaveragingisdefinedintheDataCollectionsectionofConfigureViscosityTest.

Single Point AveragingrequiresadefinitionofAveragingDuration,theamountoftimeforwhichreadingswillbeaveraged.ThistimeparameterwillbeappliedattheendoftheEndCondition.Inthiscaseasingledatapointwillbecollectedwhichrepresentstheaverageofalldatameasuredduringthespecifiedtimeperiod(AveragingDuration).


Multi Point Averagingrequiresadefinitionof1)DataInterval,thefrequencyofdatacollectionand2)AveragingDuration,theamountoftimeforwhichreadingswillbeaveraged.ThesetwoparameterswillworkinconjunctiontogeneratemultipledatapointseachofwhichrepresenttheaverageofalldatameasuredduringtheaveragedurationwithinthespecifiedDataInterval.

PostTestAveragingofdataoccursafterthetestiscomplete,throughtheResultsscreen.Averagesand standard deviation values can be generated for data collected in a single step or across several steps.IfthetestusedtocollectdatautilizedLiveAveraging(describedabove),thenthePostTestAveraging will produce an average value of averaged data points.

PostTestAveragingcanbespecifiedintheReportsectionofConfigureViscosityTest(seeSectionIII.9). Whenconfiguredaspartofthetest,theaveragevalueswillbedisplayedimmediatelyupontestconclusion.IfnotspecifiedinReport,PostTestAveragingcanbeselectedfromtheDownArrowintheResultsscreen(seeSectionIII.11).

PostTestAveragingofferstwooptions:StepAveragingandTestAveraging(seeFigureIII-20).

Figure III-20


Step Averaging:CalculateAverageandStandardDeviationforalldatacollectedwithinasinglesteptest.StepAverageswillbedisplayedasshownbelowinFigureIII-21.

Figure III-21

Test Averaging:CalculateAverageandStandardDeviationforalldatacollectedwithinstepspecified.TestAverageswillbedisplayedasshownbelowinFigureIII-22.

Figure III-22


IV. MAKING YIELD MEASUREMENTS

IV.1 Quick Start

TheDV3TRheometerusesthesamemethodologyforyieldmeasurementsastheBrookfieldYR-1andDV-IIIUltraRheometers.IfyouhaveexperiencewithotherBrookfieldequipment,thissectionwillgiveyouquickstepsformakingayieldmeasurement. IfyouhavenotusedaBrookfieldRheometerbefore,skipthissectionandgotoSectionIV.2foradetaileddescription.

A) AssembleandleveltheDV3TRheometer(SectionI.4).B) Turnpoweron.C) Autozerotherheometer(SectionII.2).D) TheDV3TwilldisplaytheConfigureViscosityTestScreen.PresstheHomeIconin

theNavigationBar.FromtheHomeMenu,selectConfigureYieldTest.E) Select:Spindle,ImmersionMark,andRunSpeed.F) AttachthevanespindletotheDV3T.

NOTE: Left-hand thread. IfequippedwithEZ-Lock,usetheappropriateproceduretoconnectthespindle(seeSectionIII.3).ImmersethespindlegentlyintothetestsamplebyloweringtheDV3TontheModelGlaboratorystand.

G) PresstheRunbutton.ThescreenwillchangetotheRunningYieldTestScreen.H) When theYieldTest is complete, theDV3Twillpresent theYieldTestComplete

screen.RecordtheStress(yieldstress),Torque,andTemperature.I) Torunanothertest,pressConfigureTest. ToreturntotheHomeMenu,pressthe

Home Icon.

IV.2 Preparations for Making Measurements

A) RHEOMETER:TheDV3Tshouldbeturnedon,leveledandautozeroed.Thelevelisadjustedusingthetwofeetonthebottomofthebaseandconfirmedusingthebubblelevelonthefrontofthehead.Adjustthefeetuntilthebubbleisinsidethecentertarget.Setthelevelpriortoautozeroandcheckthelevelpriortoeachmeasurement.

The proper level is essential for correct operation of the DV3T.

B) Sample:Themeasuredyieldvalueisverydependentonhowthesampleishandledpriortothemeasurement.Thesampleshouldbedisturbedaslittleaspossiblepriortoinsertingthevanespindle.Brookfieldrecommendstestingthesampleinthecontainerinwhichitisprovidedwhenpossible.Ifitisnecessarytotransferthesampletoanewcontainer,thenitisrecommendedtoincludeapre-shearand/orwaittimeintheYieldTest.Thispre-shearandwait-timewillprovideacommonhistorytoeachsampletoaidinsampletosamplecomparison.

Brookfieldrecommendstheuseofvanespindlesformeasuringyieldvalue.Thevanespindleprovidesauniquegeometrythatminimizesdisturbanceofthesampleduringspindleinsertion.

Many samplesmustbe controlled to a specific temperature for yieldmeasurement. Whenconditioningasamplefortemperature,besuretotemperaturecontrolthecontainerandspindleaswellasthesample.


IV.3 Selecting a Spindle/Speed

TheDV3Thasthecapabilityofmeasuringyieldstressoveranextremelywiderange.Forexample,theDV3TRVcanmeasurefluidswithintherangeof0.5-400Pa.Thisrangeisachievedthroughtheuseofseveralvanespindlesovermanyspeeds.SeeAppendixBfordetails.

Theprocessofselectingaspindleandspeedforanunknownfluidisnormallytrialanderror. An appropriate selection will result in measurements made between 10-100 on the instrument % torque scale.Therearetwogeneralruleswillhelpinthetrialanderrorprocess:

1)Viscosityrangeisinverselyproportionaltothesizeofthespindle. 2)Viscosityrangeisinverselyproportionaltotherotationalspeed.

Inotherwords:tomeasurehighyield,chooseasmallspindleand/oraslowspeed.Ifthechosenspindle/speedresultsinareadingabove100%,thenreducethespeedorchooseasmallerspindle.

Experimentationmay reveal that several spindle/speed combinationswill produce satisfactoryresultsbetween10-100%.Whenthiscircumstanceoccurs,anyofthespindlesmaybeselected.

When yield data must be compared, be sure to use the same test methodology: namely the same instrument, spindle, speed, container, temperature and test time.

VanespindlesareoptionalequipmentandarenotpartofthestandardDV3Tpackage.DV3TLVRheometersareprovidedwithasetoffourspindlesandanarrowguardleg;DV3TRVRheometerscomewithasetofsixspindlesandawiderguardleg;DV3THAandDV3THBRheometerscomewithasetofsixspindlesandno guardleg.(SeeAppendixFformoreinformationontheguardleg.)Do not use the guard leg with vane spindles.

Thespindlesareattachedtotherheometerbyscrewingthemontothecouplingnutonthelowershaft(seeFigureIV-1).Notethatthespindleshavealeft-handthread.Thelowershaftshouldbesecuredandslightlyliftedwithonehandwhilescrewingthespindletotheleft.Thefaceofthespindlenutandthematchingsurfaceonthelowershaftshouldbesmoothandcleantopreventeccentricrotationofthespindle.Spindlescanbeidentifiedbythenumberonthesideofthespindlecouplingnut.


Figure IV-1


IfyourinstrumenthastheEZ-Locksystem,thespindlesareattachedas follows:

Withonehandhold thespindle,whilegently raising thespring-loadedoutersleevetoitshighestpositionwiththeotherhand,asshown inFigure IV-2. Insert theEZ-LockSpindleCoupling sothatthebottomofthecouplingisflushwiththebottomoftheshaft,andlowerthesleeve.Thesleeveshouldeasilyslidebackdowntoholdthespindle/couplingassemblyinplaceforuse.[Spindlescanbeidentifiedbyentrycode;lookforthenumberonthesideoftheEZ-Lockspindlecoupling.]


Note: KeeptheEZ-LockSpindleCouplingandouter sleeve as clean as possible and free fromdebris that could become lodgedinsidetheadapter.

IV.4 Temperature Control

TheDV3TRheometerprovidestheabilitytocontrolthetemperatureofaconnectedBrookfieldtemperaturecontroldevicesuchastheThermosel(HT-106controller)andwaterbathswithSDorAPcontrollers(forexample:TC-550SD).TheThermoselorwaterbathcanthenbeusedtocontrolthetemperatureofthesampleundertest.

TheDV3Tconnectstothetemperaturecontroldevicethroughadedicatedcommunicationcable.TheThermoselrequirescableDVP-141.ThewaterbathsrequirecableDVP-207.ThesecablesareavailablefromBrookfield.

Whenconfiguredforcontrolofatemperaturecontroldevice,theDV3Tmayhavetwotemperatureinputs:

1)thetemperatureprobesuppliedwiththeDV3T(DVP-94Y,CPA-44PYZ,orSC4-13RPY)and

2)thetemperatureprobesuppliedwiththetemperaturecontroldevice(waterbathorThermosel).

Onlyonetemperatureprobecanbeusedfordisplayoflivetemperature,control,anddatacollection.SelecttheprobetobeusedintheTemperaturemenu(seeFigureIV-3).

TIP:EmbeddedtemperatureprobesusedwiththeCone/PlateandSmallSampleAdaptercanbeusedforsetpointcontrolofawaterbath.Makingthisselectioncanimprovethetemperaturecontrolofthesamplebyoffsettingthetemperaturebathtoaccountforanyheatlossinthe tubingorwater jacket. Touse theembeddedtemperatureprobeselectProbe in theTemperaturemenu.

Temperature control must be initiated each time the DV3T is powered on. Be sure that thetemperaturecontroldeviceispoweredonpriortoinitiatingcommunication.ChooseDeviceSetupintheSettingsmenu.ChooseTemperatureandyouwillbepresentedwiththeTemperaturemenu(seeFigureIV-3).TemperatureOffsetisdescribedinSectionIV.1.

Figure IV-2


Figure IV-3

SelectTemperatureControllerandyouwillbepresentedwiththeDefaultTemperaturemenu(seeFigureIV-4).Thismenuallowstheuserto1)initiatecommunicationwiththetemperaturecontrollerand2)setadefaulttemperature.

Figure IV-4

InitiatetemperaturecontrolbypressingtheTestConnection.Theconnectionstatuswillbeconfirmedwithamessagebox.


TheDefaultTemperature is the temperature value that the control devicewill return to at theconclusionoftheTest.Thisvalueissetonlyifthecheckboxischecked.WhenthecheckboxisuncheckedthetemperaturecontrollerwillholdatthelastsetpointusedintheTest.

TIP:Whenatestinvolvesseveraltemperaturesetpoints,settheDefaultTemperaturetothefirstsetpointusedintheTest.ThiswillreducethetransitiontimefromoneTestruntothenextTestrun.

IV.5 Test Parameters

TheConfigureYieldTestscreenincludesseveralparameterstospecifythetestmethod;Spindle,ImmersionMark,Pre-ShearSpeed,Pre-ShearTime,ZeroSpeed,WaitTime,RunSpeed,TorqueReduction,andTemperature.TherequiredparametersareSpindle,ImmersionMark,RunSpeedandTorqueReduction.AllotherparametersareoptionalincludingthoseshownbelowtheMore/Lessbar;YieldLimit,Instructions,SavePath. Spindle

Spindle NumberAtwo(2)digitcoderepresentingthespindlenumberusedforthetestmustbeselected.SeeAppendixAformoreinformationregardingspindlesforusewiththeDV3TRheometer.Selectionoftheappropriatespindlecodeisimportanttoensurecorrectstresscalculations.Brookfieldrecommendstheuseofvanespindlesforyieldmeasurements.Immersion MarkEachvanespindlehastwo(2)immersionmarks.Theprimaryimmersionmarkislocatedonthe spindle shaft. Normally, the spindle shouldbe insertedso that the sample reaches thismark.Ifthesamplecontaineristoosmalltoallowthespindletobeinsertedtothismark,thesecondaryimmersionmarkmaybeused.Thismarkappearshalfwaydownthebladesofthevane spindles. See Appendix D for more information regarding spindles and immersion marks.

PrimaryImmersion Mark

SecondaryImmersion Mark

Figure IV-5

Note: Selection of the appropriate immersionmark is important to ensurecorrect stress calculations.


Pre-Shear Speed and TimeAnoptionalPre-Shearstepcanbeincludedinthetestparameters.Theusermustsupplythepre-shearspeed(0.01-250rpm)andpre-sheartime(1second-5minutes59seconds).

Pre-shearing is theshearingof samplebeforemeasuring itsyieldproperties. Thisprocessbreaksdownthesample’sstructure.Itisparticularlyusefuliftheinvestigatorwantstoeliminatepreviousshearhistory(e.g.,bumping,transferring)ofthesamplebeforetestingandobservethestructuralrebuildingofthesample.Thismaysimulatethefollowing:ketchuppumpedoutofabottlewillrebuildafteritcomestorestontheFrenchFries.Therearematerialswhosemeasuredyieldstresswillbelowerafterpre-shearingthaniftestedwithoutpre-shearing.Thismaybeusedtocomparetherateatwhichdifferentmaterialsrebuild.Theyieldstressmeasuredinapre-shearedsampleisthe“dynamicyield”,whiletheyieldstressmeasuredforanoriginallyundisturbedmaterialisthe“staticyield”.Zeroingafterpre-shearingisperformedonthesampleishighlyrecommendedforeverytest.Thenextsectionexplainshowtodothis.

TIP:SetPre-ShearSpeedandPre-ShearTimetozeroifnoPre-Shearisrequired.

ZeroAnoptional,buthighlyrecommended,torqueZerostepcanbeincludedinthetestparameters.Azerospeedwillcausetherheometertorotatethemotorintheappropriatedirectionuntil0%torqueisachieved.

Thismaybenecessarybecausethespindlesometimestwistsasmallamountduringinsertionintothesample.Thisresultsinasmall,althoughpossiblysignificant,torqueappliedtothesample.Slowzeroingspeedsareusedtoeliminatethisinitialtorqueandminimizeeffectsonthesample’sstructurebeforethetestisstarted.

Zeroingisanessentialstepafterpre-shearing.

Azerostepensuresaconsistentstartingpointforeachtest.Aspeedforthestepmustbesuppliedintheappropriatebox(0.01-0.50).Fasterspeedsachievea“zero”quickerbutmaycauseamorevariablestartingpoint.TheDV3Twillresetzerospeedto0.01rpmwhenthe%Torquevaluereaches0.20%Torque.

Wait TimeAnoptionalWaitTimestepcanbeincludedinthetestparameters.WaitTimecreatesatimedelayafterzeroingbeforetheactualtestrunbegins.Duringthisdelay,themotorshaftwillbeatzero(0)RPM.

Wait Time isthetimethesampleisallowedtorestbetweenthecompletionofzeroingandthestartoftheyieldmeasurement.Somesamplesrebuildstructuremoreslowlythanothersaftershearing,suchasduringhandling,pouringsampleintoabeaker,etc.Certainlow-viscositypaintsmayalsohavealowyieldstress.Waiting30seconds,forexample,afterimmersingthespindlemayallowthesampletorebuild,producingamoreconsistenttestmethod.

Run SpeedRun SpeedisthemotorspeedfortheDV3Tatwhichthematerialistested.Itiscommonformaterialstoappearstifferwhentestedathigherspeeds.Thatis,theslopeofthestress-vs.-straincurveincreaseswithincreasingspeed.Thisisbecausethematerialstructurehaslesstimeinwhichtoreacttodissipatetheappliedstress.Increasingthespeedwill,inmostcases,increasetheyieldstressmeasuredbytheinstrument.Mostyieldtestsareconductedatrelativelylowspeeds(<1rpm)tominimizeanyinertialeffectswhenusingvanespindles.Therangeofacceptablerunspeedsis0.01-5.0RPM.


Torque ReductionTorque Reductionispercentagechangeintorquevaluebetweensuccessivedatapoints.Thatis,thematerialyieldsorbeginstobreakdownand,asaresult,themeasuredincrementaltorquebeginstodecrease.Avalueof100%forthisparametercausesthetesttostopassoonastherearenotorqueincreasesduringabasetimeincrement.Someusersmaywishtoseeadropintorqueaftertheyieldpoint.Settingthisparametertovaluesgreaterthan100%allowsdatatobecollectedaftertheyieldpointbytheEZ-YieldTMsoftwaresothedecreaseintorquemaybemoreeasilyvisualized.However,thiswillalsoaffectthecalculatedyieldstressvalue.TIP:Brookfieldrecommendsatorquereductionvalueof100%.

Yield LimitsThesestressvaluescanbeusedasaQualityControltool.Iftheresultingyieldstressfromatestfallsoutsidetheselimits,anappropriatemessageisdisplayedandprintedwiththeresults.Enteringzero(0)forboththeseparametersdisablesthisQCfeature.

InstructionsRecordspecificinstructionstotheoperator.ThisinformationwillbepresentedimmediatelywhentheprogramisRun(seeFigureIV-6).Theoperatorisrequiredtoacknowledgethemessagebeforetheprogramwillcontinue.

Figure IV-6

TIP:Iftheoperatorselects“Donotshowthismessageagain”withintheInstructionsmessagebox,thenInstructionswillnolongerbedisplayedforanytest.ThisconditioncanberesettoallowInstructionstobedisplayedintheDisplaysectionofUserSettings .

TIP:Instructionscanbeviewedduringthetestbyselectinginstructions(more/lessbar)in

theViewTestscreen.


Save PathDefinethememorylocation(internalorUSBFlashDrive)wheretheTestResultswillbesaved.

TIP:SelectingadatapathcanhelptoorganizedatastorageintheinternalmemoryoftheDV3T.Bypreselectingthedatapath,operatorsaredirectedtoputthedatafromspecifictestsintospecificareas.

TIP:IfyouselectadatapaththatincludesaUSBFlashDrivelocationandtheFlashDrivehasbeenremoved,anerrormessagewillbedisplayed.

IV.6 Running a Yield Test

AYieldTestisstartedbypressingtheRunbuttonontheConfigureYieldTestscreen.WhenRunispressed,thedisplaywillchangetotheRunningYieldTestscreen(seeFigureIV-7).

Real Time Graph

Command Keys

Status BarTitle BarTest Name

Measurement Data

Figure IV-7

TheRunningYieldTestscreenprovidesinformationonthecurrentmeasurementincluding:DeltaTorque,Torque,Stress,Strain,Temperature,andSpeed.

Delta Torqueisthedifferencebetweenthecurrent%Torquevalueandtheprevious%Torquevalue.Asthesampleapproachesitsyieldpoint,theDeltaTorquepercentageshoulddecrease.IftheTorqueReductionforthetestis100%,theyieldpointoccurswhenthe%decreaseinTorque=100.

TorqueisthedeflectionoftheRheometertorquesensor.Itisdescribedaspercent(%)andhasarangeof0–100%.TheDV3TwillprovidemeasurementresultswithinthestatedaccuracyprovidedtheTorquereadingisbetween10and100%.Ifthetorquereadingfallsbelow10%thelabelsinthedatafieldswillflashtoindicateanerrorcondition.Brookfielddoesnotrecommendthatdatabecollectedbelow10%Torquehoweverdatacollectionisnotrestricted.


TIP:TorqueontheDV3Tisequivalenttothe%readingfromtheDV-IIIUltraandtheYR-1Rheometer.

StressisthecalculatedstressbasedontheSpeed,Torque,andSpindle.

StrainistheApparentStrainplacedonthesample.TheApparentStrainistheangulardistancethatthespindlerotatesinthesample.

TemperatureistheinputvaluefromaconnectedBrookfieldtemperatureprobe.TheDV3TisprovidedwithaDVP-94Yprobethatcanbeinsertedintothetestsampleorawaterbath.TheCone/PlateversionoftheDV3Tcanbeutilizedwithasamplecupthatincludesanembeddedtemperatureprobe.SomeBrookfieldaccessoriesincludetemperatureprobes(Thermosel)oroptionalchamberswithembeddedtemperatureprobes(SmallSampleAdapter).TheunitsoftemperaturearedefinedintheGlobalSettingssectionoftheSettingsMenu .

Thetemperaturedisplaywillbe----whennotemperatureprobeisconnected.

SpeedistheselectedspeedfromtheConfigureYieldTestscreen.

Thestatusofthetestconfigurationisindicatedinthegreybarabovethedatafields.Aconfigurationthathasbeensavedwillbeindicatedbyadisplayofthetestfilename.AconfigurationthatisnotsavedwillbeindicatedbyadisplayofUnsavedTest.

TheReal Time GraphisdisplayedatthebottomoftheRunningYieldTest.Thisgraphshowsallmeasurementsduringthelifeofthetest.TheY-Axiscanrepresentanydatafield.Thedatafieldrepresentedonthegraphisshownbythebluedot;forexample,inFigureIV-7,Torqueisshownonthegraph.Anydatafieldcanbeselectedbytouchingthescreen.

TheRealTimeGraphwillindicatedatapointscollectedaspartoftheTestwithabluedotindicatingthefinalpoint.Attheconclusionofthetest,theRealTimeGraphisdisplayedforreview.OncetheOKbuttonispressed,thescreenwilltransitiontoResults.

QCLimitswillbeindicatedontheRealTimeGraphwhentheselectionforY-AxisisthesameastheselectionforQCLimits(seeSectionIII.9).

TwoCommandKeysareavailableontheRunningYieldTestScreen:StopTestandViewTest.

StopTest:Immediatelystopthecurrenttest.Theuserwillbepresentedwithaconfirmationbox.ThetestwillcontinuetorununtilYesisselectedintheConfirmationbox.TheuserwillbepresentedwiththeResultsscreenwithanydatathatwascollected.

ViewTest:Changetheviewfrommeasurementtothetestparameters.TheViewTestscreenincludesalivedisplayoftemperature.ViewTestincludestheStopTestcommandkeyandaBackArrowintheNavigationBar.TheBackArrowisusedtoreturnthedisplaytotheRunningYieldTestview.


IV.7 Results

MeasurementdataisviewedintheResultsscreen.ThisscreenispresentedattheconclusionofatestorwhendataisloadedthroughtheViewResultsselectionfromtheHomeMenu .

TheDV3Tutilizesacomprehensivedataformat.Datafilesincludethecompletesetofmeasurementresultsandcalculatedvaluesalongwiththetestprotocol.AllelementsofthetestcanbeviewedintheResultsscreen.

TheDV3TRheometerallowsfor5000totaldatapointsperfile.Whenviewinglargedatafiles,additionaltimeisrequiredwhenmovingfromthevariousResultsoptionslistedbelow.TheremaybesomedelayonthescreenwhiletheDV3Tpreparesthedata.

TheresultsscreenincludesseveralNavigationIconsandCommandKeys.

Home: ReturntotheHomeMenu.

Down Arrow: SelectResultsOptions.

Blue Arrow: SelectPageofResultsTable.

Print: Print Data to USB printer.

Save: Save data.

ConfigureTest: ReturntoConfigureViscosityTestscreen.

Scroll Bar: Moveup/downthroughapageofdata.


TheResultsscreenoffersseveraloptionsforviewingtestdata.TheseoptionsareaccessedviatheDownArrowintheNavigationBaratthetopofthescreen(seeFigureIV-8).

Figure IV-8

Table:Displayalldatapoints.Datawillbeshowninascrolllistwhereeachpagecanholdamaximumof50points.Ifthedatasethasmorethan50points,thenadditionalpageswillbeindicatedatthebottomofthescreen.AdditionalpagesofdatacanbeaccessedthroughtheuseoftheBlueArrows

Eachdatapointincludes:Viscosity,Torque,Speed,Temperature,Time,ShearStress(SS),ShearRate(SR),Density,andAccuracy.

Test Used:Displaythetestelementsusedtogeneratethedataset.Inthisview,theConfigureTestbuttonisavailable.SelectingConfigureTestwillprogramtheDV3TtorunthesametestutilizedtocollectthedatasetbeingviewedandpresenttheConfigureViscosityTestscreen.

Notes:Documentanyrelevantinformationaboutthetestordata. Thisinformationwillbestoredwiththedatasetoncesaved.


Compare Results: Load two data sets and view side by side.

Figure IV-9

Device Info:DisplaybasicinformationaboutthedatafileandthespecificDV3TRheometerusedtocollectthedataincluding:dateandtimetheteststarted,completedandwassaved;ifuseraccountsareactive,whichusersavedthedata;rheometerserialnumber,firmwareversion,rheometerTorquerange(LV,RV,HA,HB,other).

Graph:Displaythefinaldatapointandgraph.Thegraphaxis(XandY)canbechangedbyselectingthebluedropdownarrowintheappropriatedatafield.ZoomandresetcontrolsareindicatedundertheX-Axis.

Figure IV-10


V. SETTINGS

TheSettingsmenuprovidesaccesstothemanycontrolsandfeaturesoftheDV3TRheometer.ThismenucanbeaccessedthroughtheSettingsNavigationIcon whichisoftenpresentintheTitleBar.FigureV-1showstheSettingsMenuwhichisdividedinto:DeviceSetup,UserSettings,GlobalSettings,andAdminFunctions.GlobalSettingsincludeitemsthataffectthecompleterangeoffeatureswithintheDV3T.AdminFunctionsincludeitemsrelatedtoadministratorlevelcontrols.

Figure V-1

V.1 Device Setup

TheDeviceSetupmenuincludessettingsrelatedtothemechanicalsystemsandconnectionsoftheDV3T.Sixsettingsareavailableincluding:

Temperature - Createoffsetstobeusedwithspecifictemperatureprobes,initiatecontroloftheBrookfieldThermoselorTemperatureBath.

Printer Setup - DefinetheprintformattobeusedwiththeDymo450Printer.AutoZero - ForcetheDV3TtoperformanAutoZeroasisdoneatstartup.

OscillationCheck - EvaluatetheperformanceoftheDV3Tlowerbearings.TechnicalSupportInfo - InformationthatmayberequestedbyBrookfieldTechnicalSupport

stafftoassistwithtroubleshooting.About - PresentbasicinformationabouttheDV3Tasisdoneatstartup.


Thetemperaturemenuprovidesaccesstothreefunctions:TemperatureOffset,TemperatureControllerAccess,andTemperatureDisplay/Settings.

Figure V-2

Temperature:TheTemperatureOffset setting allows the user to create up to 10 temperatureoffsetvaluesforconnectedtemperatureprobes.BrookfieldoffersseveraltypesoftemperatureprobesforusewiththeDV3Tincluding:DVP-94Yimmersionprobe(suppliedwiththeDV3T),CPA-44PYZembeddedprobe(optionalwithCone/PlateDV3TRheometers),andSC4-13RPembeddedprobe(optionalwithSmallSampleAdapter).Anyoftheseprobescanbecalibratedlocallyagainstastandardreferencethermometertodetermineanoffset(howfarfromtheactualtemperaturedoestheproberead).ThisoffsetcanbeenteredintotheDV3TRheometerandidentifiedwithanamedefinedbytheuser.

WhenTemperatureisselectedintheDeviceSetupmenu,theTemperatureOffsetmenuispresented(seeFigureV-3).FromthismenuyoucancreatenewoffsetvaluesbypressingtheAddProbeOffsetcommandkeyatthebottomofthescreenandyoucanselectwhichoffsettoutilizewiththeDV3Tbypressingthecirclebesidethename.InFigureIV-3,theoffsetDVP-94Y3hasbeenselectedasindicatedbythebluecircle.


Figure V-3

ThecreationofaTemperatureOffsetrequiresinputoftheoffsetvalueandaname.Theoffsetvaluemustbeintherangeof-9.9to9.9˚C.TheNamecanbeupto14characterslong.TodeleteanexistingTemperatureOffset,firstselecttheoffsetfromthelist,thenpresstheDeletecommandkeyatthebottomofthescreen.

TheuseofaTemperatureOffsetwillbeindicatedintheTemperaturefielddisplayedintheConfigureViscosityTestscreenwitha(o)besidetheLiveindication.

TheTemperaturemenualsoallowstheusertoinitiatecontroloveraconnectedtemperaturecontroldevicesuchastheBrookfieldThermosel(HT-106controller)orWaterBath(modelTC-XX0SDorTC-XX0AP).SeeSectionII.4forfurtherdetails.EstablishcontrolovertheexternaltemperaturecontrollerbyselectingTemperatureControllerintheTemperaturemenu(seeFigureV-4).

Figure V-4


CommunicationisestablishedwhentheTestConnectioncommandbuttonispressed.YoumustpressthisbuttoneverytimetheDV3TRheometerispoweredon.BesurethatthetemperaturecontrolleristurnedonpriortopressingtheTestConnectionbutton.

TheDefaultTemperaturescreenalsoallowstheusertosetaDefaultTemperature.TheDefaultTemperatureisthesetpointvaluethatwillbeusedbytheDV3Twhenatest(ViscosityTestorYieldTest)isnotinuse.TosettheDefaultTemperaturefirst,enteratemperaturevalueandsecondchecktheDefaultBetweenTestscheckbox.

TIP:UseaDefaultTemperaturewhenthetestprogramincludesachangeintemperatureandsetthevalueequaltothefirsttemperaturecontrolpointinthetest.Attheconclusionofthetest,thecontroldevicewillberesettothefirsttemperaturesetpointwhichwillminimizethetimerequiredbetweentests.

TheTemperaturescreenalsoallowsyoutochoosewhichtemperatureprobewillbeusedfordatacollectionandtemperaturecontrol.WhentheDV3Tiscontrollingtemperaturethroughanexternaldevice,theremaybetwotemperatureprobesavailablefordatacollection:1)thetemperatureprobeconnected to theDV3T (Probe) and 2) the temperature probe associatedwith the temperaturecontroldevice(Controller).PresseitherProbeorControllerintheTemperaturemenu,figurethefirstoneabove.

Printer Setup:TheDV3TisconfiguredforusewiththeDymo450printer.Nootherprinterscanbeutilizedwiththerheometer.PrinterSetupallowstheusertochoosefromthreedifferentconfigurationsforprintout.

LabelSmall:Asmalllabel(1.13inchx3.5inch)thatallowsforprintingoflimiteddata for a single data point. The label stock is available fromBrookfield;partnumberGV-1048.

LabelLarge: A large label (2.31inch x 4.0inch) that allows for printing of acompletesetofparametersforasingledatapoint.ThelabelstockisavailablefromBrookfield;partnumberGV-1049.

Receipt: Acontinuousrollofpaperthatallowsforprintingofmultipledatapoints.ThepaperstockisavailablefromBrookfield;partnumberGV-1047.

ThePrinterSetup is selectedby touching thedesiredconfiguration,whichwillresultinabluecircletoappeartotheleftoftheitem.TheOKcommandkeymustbeselectedtoconfirmthesetting.

AutoZero: AutoZero isanoperationperformedby theDV3TRheometerautomaticallyduringthepowerupsequence.Thisoperationsetstheinstrumenttransducertoacorrectzerovalue.Thezerovalueshouldnotshiftovertime,however,iftheuserdeterminesthatthezeroisnotcorrect,youcanforceanAutoZerotobeperformedwithoutpoweringdowntherheometer.WhentheAutoZerofunctionisselected,theDV3TisimmediatelysetstoAutoZeromodeandtheuserispresentedwiththeAutoZeroscreen(FigureII-2).Uponcompletion,theuserwillbereturnedtotheDeviceSetupmenu.

Oscillation Check: TheOscillationCheckisacheckoftheperformanceofthelowerbearingoftheDV3TRheometer.ThislowerbearingiseitherPointandJewelorBallBearing.Correctperformanceofthelowerbearingisessentialforproperoperationoftherheometer.Afailedlowerbearingwillnormallycauseviscositymeasurementstobelowerthanexpected.

AnOscillationCheckisperformedasfollows:• RemovethespindleandleveltheDV3TRheometer• Gentlypushupontherheometercoupling.


• Turnthecouplinguntilthe%Torquereadingis10–15%.• Gentlyletgoofthecoupling.• Watchthereading.The%Torquereadingshoulddecreasesmoothly

andoscillateabout0.0%.

SelectingOscillationCheckintheDeviceSetupmenuwillpresenttheuserfirstwithascreeninstructingtoleveltherheometerandremovethespindle.Confirmation of level and spindle removal will present the user with theOscillationCheckscreenasshownbelow.

Figure V-5

AsuccessfulOscillationCheckwillshowaverysmoothdecreaseof%Torquewithafinalvaluewithin+/-0.2of0.0.Anyvalueabove0.2%orbelow-0.2%indicatesthatacalibrationcheckshouldbeperformed(seeAppendixE).

TIP:HigherTorqueranges(HAandHB)willquicklyreturntothezerovaluewithoutdisplayingmuchoscillation.Thisisnormalbehavior.

TheOscillationCheckisnotaguaranteeofpropercalibration.Itisonlyanindicationoftheperformanceofthelowerbearingoftherheometer.CalibrationcanonlybeverifiedthroughtheuseofacalibrationstandardsuchasBrookfieldSilicone and Mineral Oil standards.

Technical Support Info: TheinformationcontainedintheTechnicalSupportInfomenuisdesignedtosupportBrookfieldforproblemresolution.WhencontactingBrookfieldforsupport,youmaybeaskedtoprovideinformationcontainedinoneofthemenuchoiceswithinTechnicalSupportInfo.TherearenosettingswithinthissectionandtheperformanceoftheDV3TRheometercannotbeaffectedbyaccessingthissection.

About:TheAboutscreenisshownduringthestartupsequenceoftheDV3TRheometer.SelectingAboutintheDeviceSetupmenuwillshowthesameinformation(seeFigureV-6).InformationintheAboutscreenincludes:TorqueRange(LV,RV,HA,HB),ModelNumber,FirmwareVersion,RheometerSerialNumber,TKversion(torquetable),Spindleversion(spindletable).


Figure V-6

TIP:TheinformationontheAboutscreenwillbeneededwhencontactingBrookfieldfor support.

ToreturnfromtheAboutscreen,presstheLeftArrownavigationbuttonintheTitleBar.

V.2 User Settings

TheUserSettingsmenuincludessettingsrelatedtospecificusers.TheDV3Tmaybesetupforasingleusersetting(usedbyoneormoreoperators)orformultipleuserswhoaccessthroughaLogIn and Password.

ThreeUsersettingsareavailableincluding:Sound - Adjust the volume of the DV3T sounds and select which

sounds to silence.Display - Adjust the brightness, select language and restore Pop-Up

messages.ChangePassword - ChangethepasswordfortheLogInaccountusedtoaccess

theDV3TRheometer.

TIP:EachUsercansettheirownpreferencesforSoundandDisplay.

Sound:TheSoundmenuprovidesadjustmentofthevolumeforthesoundsutilizedbytheDV3T.Additionally,specificsoundscanbetoggledon/offincluding:ButtonClick,TestEndAlarm,QCLimitsAlarm,GlobalAlarm,andPop-Up.

TIP:SoundsettingscanbereturnedtoFactorySettingthroughSettingsResetfoundintheAdminFunctionSettingsmenu.

Display: TheDisplaymenuprovidesadjustmentofScreenBrightness,LanguageSelection,andPop-UpMessagemanagement.TheScreenBrightnessadjustmentappliestoallscreenviewswithintheDV3T.

Note:Thescreenbrightnessisdimmedautomaticallyafter5minutesofnotouchscreenactivity.Thebrightnesswillbedimmedtothelowestvalue.Asingletouchofthetouchscreenwillreturnthedisplaytothesetbrightnessvalue.


TheLanguageSettingisselectedbypressingtheLanguagefieldandchoosingtheappropriatelanguagefromthelist.Theselectedlanguagewillbeimplementedimmediately.

Pop-UpMessagescanbetoggledon/offthroughthecheckbox(seeFigureV-7).ThischeckboxappliestoallPop-UpMessages.Pop-UpMessagescanbetoggledoffindividuallythroughthecheckboxthatappearswithinthemessagebox.OncethePop-Upisturnedoff,itwillnotbeshownagain.Pop-UpMessagescanberestoredthroughtheuseoftheRestoreHiddenPop-UpscommandkeyatthebottomoftheDisplaySettingsscreen.ThiscommandkeywillrestoreallPop-Ups.

Figure V-7

Change Password:Aspecificusercanchangetheirownpasswordatanytime.Theusermustfirstenterthecurrentpassword.Thentheuserwillbepromptedtoenterandconfirmthenewpassword.

TIP:Iftheadministratorpasswordislost,itcanbereset.PleasecontactBrookfieldoryourBrookfieldrepresentative.RemembertohavetheinformationfoundintheAboutscreenavailable(seeSectionV.1).

V.3 Global Settings

TheGlobalSettingsmenuincludessettingsthataffecttheoperationoftheDV3Tacrossallusersandmenus.Thesesettingsareindependentofuserlogin.ThefiveGlobalSettingsinclude:

Measurement Units - Selecttheunitofmeasureforseveralparameters.RegionalSettings - Specifylanguage,number,time,anddateformats.

GlobalAlarm - Select a single measurement parameter for alarm status.Spindle List - Configurethedisplayofavailablespindles;createaspecialspindle.

Speed List - Configurethedisplayofavailablespeeds;createanewspeed.


Measurement Units:TheMeasurementUnitsmenudisplaysthecurrentselectionsformeasurementunits. Each unit can be changed by pressing the blue down arrow andselectingthedesiredvalue.MeasurementUnitsarepartofthedatafileforsaved results. Available units include:

Viscosity cP centipoiseP PoisemPa•s milliPascal secondsPa•s Pascal secondscSt centistokesmm2/s millimeterssquaredpersecond

1000cP=10P=1000mPa•s=1Pa•s1cSt=1mm2/s

TIP: WhencStunitsarechosenforviscosity,adensityvaluemustbeenteredintheDensityfieldinConfigureViscosityTest.

Speed RPM revolutions per minute1/s reciprocal seconds

TherelationshipbetweenRPMand1/sisdefinedbytheSCRvalueoftheselectedspindle.SeeAppendixDfordetails.

Temperature C CentigradeF Fahrenheit

100C=5/9*(212F–32)

Stress(Shear) Dyne/cm2 DynepersquarecentimeterN/m2 Newton/squaremeterPa Pascal

10 dyne/cm2=1N/m2=1Pa

Density g/cm3 gram / cubic centimeterkg/m3 kilogram / cubic meter

1 g/cm3=1000kg/m3

TIP: Density and viscosity are both sensitive totemperature. When using a density value inConfigureViscosityTest,besuretoenteradensityvaluethatwasdeterminedatthesametemperatureasthatoftheviscositymeasurement.


Regional Settings: TheRegionalSettingsmenudisplays thecurrentselectionsfor thedefaultlanguage,numberformat,dateformatanddayseparator.Eachsettingcanbechangedbypressingthebluedownarrowandselectingthedesiredvalue.RegionalSettingsarepartofthedatafileforsavedresults.

TheLanguagesettingestablishedthedefaultlanguagefortheDV3T.Individualuserscanchooseadifferentlanguageforusewiththeirspecificlogin(seeSectionV.2).

TheformatsforNumber,Time,DaySeparatorandDateofferseveraloptions.

Number Format 9,999,999.00 USA decimal convention9.999.999,00 Europe comma convention9999999,00 SI/ISO space convention

TimeFormat 13:59:59 24 Hour Format1:59:59 PM 12 Hour Format

Day Separator / ForwardSlash- Dash. Period

Date Format Year/Month/Day ISO StandardMonth/Day/Year USA StandardDay/Month/Year International Standard

Global Alarm: TheGlobalAlarmestablishesasinglemeasurementparameterwitharangeofacceptance. Whenever themeasuredvalueexceeds this rangeofacceptance,anaudibleandvisualalarmwillbeissued.TheGlobalAlarmwillapplytoanytestthatisrun.TheQCLimitalsoestablishesameasurementparameterwitharangeofacceptance;however,theQCLimitisappliedonlytothetestinwhichitisdefined.

TheGlobalAlarmcanbesetforanyofthefourmeasurementparametersincluding;ShearStress,Temperature,TorqueandViscosity.Onceaparameterisselected,bothlowandhighlimitsmustbeentered.Theselimitsareindependentofthespindleandspeedselected.Whentheglobalalarmistriggered,theDV3TwillprovideanaudiblealarmandaWarningmessageonthescreen(seeFigureV-8).Theerrormessagewillprovidesomedetailaboutthealarmcondition.ThetestanddatacollectionwillcontinuewhiletheWarningmessageisdisplayed.TheaudiblealarmwillcontinuetosounduntiltheoperatortouchestheOKbuttonwithintheWarningbox.


Figure V-8

TheRunningViscosityTestdisplaywill showacoloredboxaround thedataparameterassociatedwiththeGlobalAlarm.Whenthealarmconditionisfirstmet,thecoloredboxwillbeyellow.Ifthemeasurementparameterreturnstotheacceptablerange,thenthecoloredboxwillberemoved.Whenthealarmconditionismetasecondtime,thecoloredboxwillbered(seeFigureV-9).Theaudiblealarm will only sound once.

Figure V-9

TIP: TheGlobalAlarmsoundcanbeturnedoffintheSoundsmenuofUserSettings.

TheGlobalAlarm is deactivated by choosingNone in the drop down list ofavailablemeasurementparameters.YoumustpressOKtoconfirmyourGlobalAlarmchoice.


Spindle List:TheselectionofSpindleinConfigureViscosityTestcanbedonebyusingeitheranumberpadorascrolllist.(ThischoiceisselectedthroughthenavigationbuttonintheSetSpindlescreen.)ThecontentsofthescrolllistaredefinedintheSpindleListmenu.Eachspindlecanbeindividuallyselectedordeselectedthroughtheuseofacheckbox.Spindles,shownwithboththeirnameandtheirnumber,arelistednumericallyaccordingtotheirspindleentrynumber.

TherestrictedspindlewillnotappearonthescrolllistofavailablespindleswhenchoosingSpindleinConfigureViscosityTest.Iftheuserselectstoenterthespindleby number, then the choice of a restricted spindlewill present an Invalid Inputmessageandpreventtheselectionofthespindle(seeFigureV-10).

List Button

Figure V-10

TIP: Toensurethatthecorrectspindlecodeisalwaysentered,createatestthatissavedtotheDV3Tmemory.

TIP:TheselectionofspindlecanberestrictedbyUserLogIn.Usethisrestrictioncombinedwithasavedtestconfigurationtoensurethatthecorrectspindleisalwaysusedforcriticaltests.SeeSectionV.4.2fordetailsofUsersandAccess.

ASpecialSpindlecanbecreatedwhentheuserhasdevelopedanewspindlegeometryorwhenusingastandardBrookfieldspindleinanonstandardmeasurementcontainer.TheSpecialSpindle,oncecreated,willbeavailabletousersthroughtheSpindleselectioninConfigureViscosityTest.

ASpecialSpindleiscreatedbyselectingtheSpecialSpindlecommandbuttonintheEditSpindleListmenu.ASpecialSpindlerequiresacode,aname,andanSMCvalue.OptionalvaluesincludeSRCandYMC.


Code Thecodeisthenumericalvalueusedtoselectthespindle.ThisvaluemustbeuniqueandcannotbethesameasastandardBrookfieldspindle.TheacceptablerangeforCodeis100-199.

Name TheNameisauniquevaluetodescribethespindle.TheNamewillbedisplayedintheSpindlefield.TheNamecanbecomprisedofalphaandnumericcharacters.

SMC TheSMC(SpindleMultiplierConstant)isusedtoconvertthemeasured torquetoviscosity.TheacceptablerangeofSMCis0.001–500.The SMC value can be determined through the use of theRangeequationfoundinappendixD.Someexperimentationwiththespindleandacalibratedviscositystandardisrequired.Range(cP)=TK*SMC*10,000/RPMTheTorqueConstant(TK)canbefoundinTableD-2inAppendixD.

SRC TheSRC(ShearRateConstant)isusedtoconvertthesetRPM to shearrateandcalculateShearStress.TheacceptablerangeofSRCis 0.001 – 500.TheSRCvaluecanbedeterminediftheshearratecharacteristicsof thespindlegeometryareknown.ConsulttheBrookfieldpublication,“MoreSolutionstoStickyProblems”,foradiscussionaboutshearrateandsomerecommendedequations.ShearRate(1/s)=SRC*RPM

YMC TheYMC(YieldMultiplierConstant)isusedtoconvertthemeasured torquetoyieldstress.

Speed List: TheselectionofSpeedinConfigureViscosityTestcanbedonebyusingeitheranumberpadorascrolllist.(ThischoiceisselectedthroughthenavigationbuttonintheSetSpindlescreen.)Whenscrolllistisselected,thespeedentryisrestrictedtotheclassicBrookfieldspeedsetsfortheLVandRV/HA/HBrheometers.ThecontentsofthescrolllistaredefinedintheSpeedListmenu.Eachspeedcanbeindividuallyselectedordeselectedthroughtheuseofacheckbox.SelectordeselectallspeedsbyusingtheSelectAllcheckbox.SelectordeselectallLV(orRV/HA/HB)speedsbyusingtheSelectAllLVcheckbox.TheclassicBrookfieldspeedsetsaredefinedbelow.

LV: 0.3,0.6,1.5,3,6,12,30,60RV/HA/HB: 0.5,1.0,2.0,2.5,4,5,10,20,50,100

Additionally,anewspeedcanbeaddedtothelistbyselectingtheNewSpeedcommandkeyatthebottomofthedisplay.TheNewSpeedmustbeselectedwithintherangeofavailablespeedsontheDV3T:0.0–250RPM.

Speedentrythroughthenumberpadisneverrestricted.

TIP: Toensurethatthecorrectspeedisalwaysentered,createatestthatissavedtotheDV3Tmemory.

TIP: TheselectionofspeedcanberestrictedbyUserLogIn.Usethisrestrictioncombinedwithasavedtestconfigurationtoensurethatthecorrectspeedisalwaysusedforcriticaltests.SeeSectionV.4.2fordetailsofUsersandAccess.


V.4 Admin Functions

TheAdminFunctionsmenuincludessettingsrelatedtoaccessandbasicinstrumentmanagementoftheDV3T.TheAdminFunctionsmenuisonlyavailabletotheAdministratorwhenLogInisrequired.UsersandPowerUsersdonothaveaccessrightstotheAdminFunctions.Ninesettingsare available including:

Log In and Lock Out - RequireUserIDandPassword.DefineLockOutparameters.Users and Access - DefineUserID,Password,Usercapabilities.AddUser.SetTimeandDate - Setthetimeanddate.Backup and Import - UpdateInstrumentFirmware,addLanguagefile,BackUp

data and settings.DefaultPath - DefinethelogicfortheDefaultPathforsavingdataandtests.SettingsReset - ResetbasicsettingstoDV3Tfactorydefault.DeviceReset - ResettheentireDV3Ttofactorydefault.CalibrationReminder - Establishuseandfrequencyofcalibrationreminder.SaveAuditTrail - ExporttheAudittrailtoassistBrookfieldwhentroubleshooting

DV3Toperation.

V.4.1 Log In and Lock Out

TheLogInandLockOutmenuallowstheusertodefinetheLogInrequirementandtoggletheLockOutfeaturewithinRunningViscosityTest(seeFigureV-11).

Figure V-11

TheLogIncheckboxcontrolstheLogInrequirement.WhenLogInischecked,theDV3TwillrequireaUserIDandPasswordpriortoallowinganyactivity.TheLogInscreenispresentedonpoweruporwhentheUserIcon isselectedfromtheHomeMenu.Theusermustselecttheir


UserIDfromthedropdownlistandthenentertheirpassword.TheLogInrequirementisremovedwhenthecheckboxisunchecked.

TheAllowLockOut checkboxcontrols theRunningViscosityTestLockOut function. ThisfunctionisonlyavailablewhenUserLoginisrequired.WhenAllowLockOutischecked,theusermaylocktheDV3Tduringatest.TheLockOutissetbypressingtheLockIcon found in theNavigationBarofRunningViscosityTest.AnytouchofthescreenduringtheLockOutwillshowtheuseraLogInscreen.NoactioncanbetakenontheDV3Tuntiltheproperpasswordisentered.OnlytheUserIDthatwasineffectwhentheLockOutwasinitiatedcanunlocktheDV3T.ThetestwillcontinuetocollectdataduringtheLockOut.

TheAllowTimedLockOutcheckboxcontrolstheautomaticfeatureofLockOut.SettheTimedLockOuttimevaluefrom1–99minutes.TheDV3TwillLockautomatically(withouttouchingtheLockIcon)afterthetestisinitiated(pressRun)whenthescreenhasnotbeentouchedforthetimespecified.Forexample:TimedLockOutissetto1minute;30secondsafterthetesthasbegun,theoperatorreviewsthetestparametersbytouchingViewsTest;theDV3Twilllockautomatically1minuteafterthatkeypress(90secondsafterthetestbeganrunning).

TIP:TheLockOutfeaturecanbeusefuliftheoperatormustleavetheDV3Tunattendedduringa test.

TheLockOutAfterparameterdefineshowmanyfailedLogInattemptsareallowedbeforetheUserIDislocked.TherangeforLockOutAfteris1–20.OnceaUserIDislocked,theadministratormustresetthepassword.

V.4.2 Users and Access

TheDV3TcanbesetupwithUseraccountstorestrictaccessandenhancedatatracking.TwouserlevelsareavailablewithintheDV3TandeachcanbecustomizedbytheAdministrator.AlluseraccountsrequireapasswordforaccesstotheDV3T.

TheUser Settings are divided into four categories: General Settings,DataAccess Functions,ViscosityTestSetupandYieldTestSetup.TableV-1showsthefactorydefaultusersettingsforPowerUserandUser.TheadministratorcancustomizeboththePowerUserandUserthroughthePowerUserLevelAccessandUserLevelAccessintheUsersandAccessMenu.Placeacheckmarkbesideanattributethatisavailabletotheuserandremovethecheckmarkfromanattributethatwillbeunavailabletotheuser.

TIP: UsersandUserAccesssettingscanbeexportedtoaFlashUSBdrive. ThisfilecanbeuploadedtoanotherDV3TorDV3TtoquicklyduplicateUsersettings.

TheUserIDutilizedatLogInwillbereflectedinasaveddataset.ThisparameterisviewableintheResultsscreenbyselectingDeviceInfo.

TIP:TheUserIDinformationisonlyvisibleonceadatasetisloadedfrommemory.AnunsaveddatasetwillnotshowtheUserID.

UseraccountscanbemanagedwithintheUsersandAccessmenuthroughEditUsers,AddUserand Delete User.


Table V-1: Factory Default User Settings (continued on following page)

Administrator Power User UserGeneralSettings Set DefaultTemperatureSetPoint N/A N/A N/A

TemperatureProbeOffset • •Allow TestDoneAlarm • • •

QC Alarm • • •GlobalAlarm • • •Pop-UpWarnings • • •DismissPop-UpWarnings • •CustomizeSpindle List • •Speed List • •RegionalSettings • • •Measurement Units • • •Language • • •

Data Access Functions LoadATest Instrument • • •USB • •

SaveaTest Instrument • • •USB • •

Load Data Instrument • • •USB • •

Save Data Instrument • • •USB • •

OtherOptions DeleteTest&Data • •MoveTest&Data • •CopyTest&Data • •RenameTest&Data • •OverwriteTest&Data • •Print Data • • •

ViscosityTestSetup ChangeSpeedDuringaTest • •Set Spindle • •

Speed • •TemperatureSetpoint • •Step End Condition • •Data Collection Mode • •QC Limits • •Density • •GraphAxes • •MathModel • •DefaultResultsScreen • •PostTestAveraging • •Instructions • •SavePath • •


Administrator Power User UserYieldTestSetup Set Spindle • •

Immersion Mark • •Pre-ShearSpeed • •Pre-ShearTime • •WaitTime • •RunSpeed • •Zero Speed • •TorqueReduction • •YieldLimits • •TemperatureSetpoint • •GraphAxes • •Instructions • •SavePath • •

Table V-1: Factory Default User Settings (continued from previous page)


V.4.3 Set Time and Date

TheTimeandDateisdisplayedontheStatusBaratthetopofeveryscreen.TheseparametersaresetwithintheSetTimeandDatemenu.TheformatforsettingTimeandDatewillbebasedontheRegionalSettings(seeSectionV.3).ChangefromSetTimetoSetDatebypressingthecommandkeyatthebottomofthescreen.WhenbothDateandTimearesetcorrectlyforyourlocation,pressOKtoacceptthechange.

V.4.4 Backup and Import

TheDV3TRheometerprovidesseveraloptionsrelatingtostorageofResults,TestsandUserSettings.BackupandImportmenuoptionsrelatetocreatingbackupfiles,updatinginstrumentsoftware,andupdatinglanguagefiles.

Backup:CreateabackupfilefromtheDV3Tinternalmemoryincluding:Settings,UserProfiles,Results,andTests.ThisbackupfileissavedtoaUSBFlashDriveandcanbeuploaded(Restore)toanyDV3TRheometer.

ChoosethelocationwithinaUSBFlashDrivewheretheBackupfileistobesaved.AnewfoldercanbecreatedbyusingtheNewFolderbutton.PresstheBackupbuttontocreatetheBackupfile.

Restore:UploadapreviouslysavedBackupfile.TheinformationfromtheBackupfileincludes:Settings,UserProfiles,Results,andTests.ExistingUserprofileswillnotbeoverwritten.UserprofilesfromtheBackupfilewillbeaddedtotheuserprofilesthatalreadyexistontheDV3T.

LocatetheBackupfileontheattachedUSBFlashDrive.PresstheRestorebuttontouploadtheBackupfile.

Automatic Backup:CreateBackupfilesaccordingtoaschedule.ThefrequencyissettoDaily,WeeklyorMonthlyincrements.ThePathmustbespecifiedandrequirestheuseofaUSBFlashDrive.ChecktheAllowAutomaticBackupcheckboxtoinitiatethisfeature.ThecurrentBackupfilewilloverwritethepreviousBackupfilelocatedinthepathlocation.

TIP:YoucanpreservehistoricalbackupfilesbyusingmultipleUSBFlashDrives.

Import:UploadSettingsfromaBackupfile.Userprofiles,ResultsandTestsarenotincluded.

LocatetheBackupfileontheUSBFlashDrive.PresstheImportbuttontouploadSettingsfromtheBackupfile.

Add Language:LanguagefilescanbeaddedtotheDV3TastheybecomeavailablefromBrookfield.InsertaUSBFlashDriveintotheDV3Tthatcontainsthelanguagefile.SelectAddLanguagefromtheBackupandImportmenuandselecttheappropriatepath.PresstheImportcommandbuttontobringthenewlanguagefileintotheDV3T.SelectthelanguageintheDisplaysectionoftheUserSettings menu.

Update Software:TheinternaloperatingsoftwareoftheBrookfieldDV3TcanbeupdatedfromaUSBFlashDriveasnewversionsbecomeavailablefromBrookfield.InsertaUSBFlashDriveintotheDV3Tthatcontainstheoperatingsoftwarefile.SelectUpdateSoftwarefromtheBackupandImportmenuandselecttheappropriatepath.PresstheUpdatecommandbuttontobringthenewsoftwarefileintotheDV3T.


V.4.5 Default Path

ThePathisthelocationwheredataortestsarestored.TheDV3TwillallowforstoragetotheInternalMemoryortoanattachedUSBFlashdrive.Thepathwillalsoincludeanyfilestructurethathasbeencreated.

TheDefaultPathidentifieswhatlocationwillbeusedastheinitiallocationwhenResultsaresaved.TheDefaultPathdefinedinReports-ConfigureViscosityTest(savedtestorunsavedtest)willtakepriorityovertheDefaultPath.

TheDV3TcancreatefilestructurebasedonUserIDandTestName.TheoptionsprovidedfortheDefaultPathspecifywhatformatthedatapathshouldutilize.Forexample:settheDefaultPathtoOperator->TestName.TheUserisloggedinasDAVIDandthetesttorunisINK5.ThedatapathwillbedefaultedasshowninFigureV-12.

Figure V-12

TIP:TheDefaultPathcanbeoverwrittenatthetimethatdataissaved.

V.4.6 Settings Reset

SettingsResetwill return theDV3Tsettings (Device,User andGlobal) to the factorydefault.Internal memory will not be affected. User accounts will not be affected.

V.4.7 Device Reset

DATA LOSS POSSIBLE!

DeviceResetwillreturntheDV3Ttothefactorydefaultcondition.Alldata,testsandAuditTrailswill be deleted from internal memory. All User accounts will be deleted.

TIP:MovedatafilesandtestfilestoaUSBFlashDrivepriortoselectingDeviceReset.


V.4.8 Calibration Reminder

TheDV3Tcanbeprogrammedtoprovidetheuserwithareminderthatcalibrationisdue.Twoparametersmustbeset:FrequencyinMonthsandStartDate.Whenbothparametersareentered,theCalibrationReminderscreen(seeFigureV-13)willcalculateanddisplaythedaywhenthereminder will be presented.ChecktheCalibrationReminderOncheckboxtoactivatethisfeature.

Figure V-13TheCalibrationReminderwillbepresentedduringthefirstpoweruponorafterthespecifiedday.Themessagebox(seeFigureV-14)requiresthattheuserpressOKbeforetheAutoZerowillbeperformed.

Figure IV-14

ThecalibrationreminderwillberesetbyBrookfieldoryourauthorizedBrookfielddealerwhentheunit is returned for calibration.


V.4.9 Save Audit Trail

TheAuditTrailisacollectionofinstrumentcheckvaluesthatcanassistBrookfieldwithtroubleshootingactivities.YoumaybeaskedtoprovidetheAuditTrailfiles.UseSaveAuditTrailtocreateanAuditTrailfileonaUSBstick.Twofileswillbecreated:Users.binandService.bin.


VI. PG FLASH SOFTWARE

ViscosityTestprogramsfortheDV3TcanbecreatedonacomputerthroughtheuseofPGFlashsoftware.PGFlashisprovidedwithallDV3TRheometersonaCDthatcontainsseveraldifferentBrookfieldutilitysoftwareprograms.PGFlashisdesignedtooperateontheWindowsplatformXPorhigher.

PGFlashsoftwareprovidesallViscosityTestcontrolsthatareavailableontheDV3T.Additionally,multiplestepViscosityTestprogramscanbecreatedforuseonDV3T.TeststhatarecreatedandsavedonthecomputercanbeloadedontoaUSBFlashDriveandthenloadedintotheDV3TthroughtheLoadTestfunction

.

PGFlashoffers:• ConvenientViscosityTestcreationthroughaPCinterface• ConvenientYieldTestcreationthroughaPCinterface.• StorageofTestsonaPCorUSBFlashDrive• CreationofsinglestepViscosityTests• CreationofmultiplestepViscosityTests

WindowsRequirementsforPGFlash:• Windows™ 2000 or above• 500MHzprocessor• 256MBRAM• USB Port• 1280x768 resolution display

ThePGFlashinterfaceisshowninFigureVI-1.Thisscreenisdividedintofourareas:InstrumentBar,GeneralParameters,TestParameters,andtheProgramGrid.

InstrumentBar

ProgramGrid

General Parameters

TestParameters

Figure VI-1

TheInstrumentBarincludesthesettingforDV3TorDV2T.PGFlashcanbeusedtocreateprogramsforboththeDV3TandDV2T.TheDV3ThasadditionalcontrolparameterswhicharenotavailableonDV2T.PGFlashshouldbesettoDV3TwhencreatingprogramsfortheDV3T.WhensettoDV3T,theyieldtesttabbecomesavailable.TheInstrumentBaralsoincludestheLoadTestkeyandResetKey.LoadTestallowstheusertoloadteststhathavepreviouslybeensavedtothePCoraFlashUSBFlashDrive.ResetAllclearsalldatawithinthePGFlashinterfaceincluding:GeneralParameters,TestParameters,andtheProgramGrid.


TheGeneral ParameterssectionincludesallViscosityTestprogramcontrolsthatwillapplytoeverystepoftheprogram.

Spindle: The spindle to be used with this ViscosityTest. All calculationswillbebasedon thisspindle number.

ReportScreen: Select the view to be presented upon theconclusionoftheViscosityTest.

SaveResultsPath: Selectifapathforsavingdataistobedefined.Definethesavepath.

PostTestAveraging: Selectthetypeofaveragingtoperformattheendofthetest.

Instructions: Document the instructions to present to theoperatorwhenthetestisrun.

TheTest ParameterssectionincludesallViscosityTestprogramcontrolsthatmayvaryifthereismorethanoneteststep.

Speed: Speedofrotationofthespindle.

Data Collection: DataCollectionmethod.TimeInterval: TimeintervalusedforDataCollectionmethods

thatincludeaveraging.Density: Density value to be used if kinematic viscosity

unitsareselected(cSt,mm2/s).

End Condition: ConditionwhichsetstheendoftheViscosityTest.

EndConditionValue: ParameterbasedonchosenEndCondition.

QC Limits: Parameter to be used for QC limit indicators.

QCHigh/QCLowLimit ParameterbasedonthechosenQCLimits.

Collect Single Point at Step End: DuringaMultiPointdatacollection,forcetheDV2Ttocollectadatapointattheendofthestep(whentheEndConditionisachieved).

IncludeThisStepintoAverageCalculation: Data from this step will be included in theaveragecalculationindicatedbytheselectioninPostTestAveraging.

Add,Insert,DeleteStepButtons

Save Button

TheProgram GridshowsallTestParametersforeachstepinalineview.

AllmeasurementunitscanbesetthroughtheUnitsSetupbutton(seeFigureVI-2).Thismenucanbepinnedtothescreen.Ifthemenuisnotpinned,thenitwillminimizewhenthemouseismovedoutsideofthewindow.


Units Setup

Figure VI-2

SampleViscosityTestprogramscanbeseeninthefollowingfigures.FigureVI-3demonstratesatypicalsinglesteptest.FigureVI-4demonstratesamultiplesteptest.

Figure VI-3

Figure VI-4


YieldTestparametersareshowninasingleareawithinPGFlashwithoutaProgramGrid(onlyasinglestepforYieldTests).AllyieldparametersareavailableincludingSpindleSettings,TestSettingsandTestInstructions&PathSettings.

Spindle: Thecurrentlyselectedspindle.AllYieldandStresscalculationswillbemadebasedontheSpindleselectionandtheImmersionMark.Spindlechoiceislimitedtovanespindlesoruserdefinedcustomspindles.

Immersion Mark: SpecifytheimmersionlocationoftheBrookfieldvanespindle.Primaryisattheimmersionmarkshownonthespindleshaft.Secondaryisatthemid-pointofthevanesurface.

Pre-ShearSpeed: Specifyaspedofrotationforpre-shearofthesample

Pre-ShearTime: SpecifythedurationofthePre-Shearstep.Zero Speed: Specifythespeedofrotationusedtoreturnthe%Torquereadingtozerobefore

startingtheyieldmeasurement.

WaitTime: Specifythedurationofarestperiodpriortostartingtheyieldtest.

TestRunSpeed: Specifythespeedoftheyieldtest.

TorqueReduction: Specifytheendpointofthetest.Normallysetto100%.TemperatureSetPoint: Alivesignalfromtherheometerwhenatemperatureprobeisattached(Brookfield

PartNo.DVP-94Y).Alsoshownisthesetpointusedtocontroltheattachedtemperaturecontroller (BrookfieldThermoselorTC-XX0SD /TC-XX0APTemperatureBaths).

YieldLowLimit: ParameterbasedonthechosenQCLimits.YieldHighLimit: ParameterbasedonthechosenQCLimits.SaveResultsPath: Definethememorylocationwherethedatawillbesaved.


Figure VI-5


VII. MATH MODELS

VII.1 The Power Law (Ostwald) Model

(τ=shearstress,k=consistencyindex, =shearrate,andn=flowindex)

What does it tell you?

ThePowerLawmodelprovidesaconsistencyindex,k,whichisaproduct’sviscosityatonereciprocalsecond. (Reciprocalsecondsare theunitsofmeasurement forshear rate.) Italsoprovidesaflowindex,n,whichindicatesthedegreewithwhichamaterialexhibitsnon-Newtonianflowbehavior.SinceNewtonianmaterialshavelinearshearstressvs.shearratebehaviorandndescribesthedegreeofnon-Newtonianflow,theflowindexessentiallyindicateshow“non-linear”amaterialis.

Figure VII-1

Whenn<1theproductisshear-thinningorPseudoplastic.Thismeanstheapparentviscositydecreasesasshearrateincreases.Theclosernisto0,themoreshearthinningthematerialis.

Whenn>1theproductisshear-thickeningorDilatant.Theirapparentviscosityincreasesasshearrateincreases.

When should you use it?

Thismodelshouldbeusedwithnon-Newtonian,time-independentfluidsthatdonothaveayieldstress.Thesefluidswillbegintoflowunderanyamountofshearstress.Graphsofsuchmaterialgenerallyintersectthey-axisat0.


An Example of the Power Law Model at Work

Formulators at a personal care company would like to use a substitute ingredient to decrease cost. They use the Power Law model to evaluate the effect the new ingredient will have on the behavior of their shampoo. They need to know how it will behave during processing and how it will behave when it is being used be the consumer

With the new ingredient the shampoo has a flow index (n) of 0.08. This indicates that the shampoo is shear-thinning enough to flow properly during processing and that it will flow properly for the end-user. The consistency index, k, indicates how the shampoo behaves when it experiences low shear rates. The power law values show that the shampoo becomes quite thin at process shear rates and therefore it can be easily pumped into filling equipment, hold tanks, etc. The consistency index of 91,071 cP shows that the shampoo is very viscous at low shear rates, and as a result, it will appear to customers to be “rich and creamy” while still being easy to apply.

Shampoo

Flow Index (n) = 0.08Consistency Index (k) = 91071 cP


VII.2 The Herschel-Bulkley Model

(τ =shearstress, τo =yieldstress,k=consistencyindex, =shearrate,andn=flowindex)


TheHerschel-BulkleymodelissimplythePowerLawmodelwiththeadditionofτo for yield stress.Yieldstress,τo,denoteshowmuchshearstressisrequiredtoinitiateflow.Thismodelalsoprovidesaconsistencyindex,k,whichisaproduct’sviscosityat1reciprocalsecond,andaflowindex,n,whichindicatesthedegreewithwhichamaterialexhibitsnon-Newtonianflowbehavior.SinceNewtonianmaterialshavelinearshearstressvs.shearratebehaviorandndescribesthedegreeofnon-Newtonianflow,theflowindexessentiallyindicateshow“non-linear”amaterialis.ForHerschel-Bulkleyfluids,nwillalwaysbegreaterthanorlessthan1.

Whenn<1theproductisshear-thinningorPseudoplastic.Thismeanstheapparentviscositydecreasesasshearrateincreases.Theclosernisto0,themoreshearthinningthematerialis.

Whenn>1theproductisshear-thickeningorDilatant.It’sapparentviscosityincreasesasshearrate increases.

VII-2



TheHerschel-Bulkleymodelshouldbeusedwithnon-Newtonian,time-dependentmaterialsthathaveayieldstress.Productswithayieldstressonlybegintoflowafteracertainamountofshearstressisapplied.Asaresult,theflowcurveintersectsthey-axisatapointgreaterthan0.Afteryielding,theproductcreatesaflowcurveandbehavesasaPowerLawfluidsothatnindicateswherethereisashear-thinningorshear-thickeningtendency.(Inthiscase,ifn=1,thematerialisbehavingasaBinghamfluid,whichisdiscussednext.)

An Example of the Herschel-Bulkley Model at Work

A company uses a gel-like substance as part of their production process. Upon arrival they test the material and apply the Herschel-Bulkley model to ensure it will perform correctly during process. The results in Figure VII-2 show that the consistency index is 8,550 cP, the flow index is 0.66, and the yield stress is 51.0 dynes/cm2. These results indicate that this batch of gel does not quite meet specification. While the consistency index is within spec, the yield value is higher than normal so the fluid will not begin to flow as easily. With a flow index of 0.66, this batch is also less shear thinning than normal. Pump and mixer speeds must be adjusted before using this material.

Gel-Like Substance

n = 0.66τo = 51.0 dynes/cm2

k = 8550 cP


VII.3 The Bingham Model

τ = τo + hD (τ =shearstress, τo =yieldstress,h =plasticviscosity,and D =shearrate)


TheBinghammodelindicatesaproduct’syieldstress,τo,whichistheamountofshearstressrequiredtoinitiateflow.Italsoprovidestheplasticviscosity,h,whichistheviscosityafteraproduct yields.

Figure VII-3


Thismodelshouldbeusedwithnon-NewtonianmaterialsthathaveayieldstressandthenbehaveinaNewtonianfashiononcetheybegintoflow.Asaresult,theshearstress-shearrateplotformsastraightlineafteryielding.(Productsthathaveayieldstressonlybegintoflowafteracertainamountofshearstressisapplied.Theyarealsocalled“viscoplastic”.Theirshearstressvs.shearrategraphsintersectthey-axisatapointgreaterthan0.)


An Example of the Bingham Model at Work

A manufacturer of drilling fluid applies the Bingham Model to ensure the quality of their product. Results from a recent batch, shown in Figure VII-3, showed that the yield stress and plastic viscosity were both below the pass/fail criteria, which would cause the fluid to insufficiently hold-up the cuttings. The shipment was cancelled and the root-cause of the problem was identified.

Drilling Fluid

Plastic Viscosity (h) = 6621 cP Yield Stress (τo) = 166.4 dynes/cm2


VII.4 The Casson Model

√hD√τ = √τo + (τ =shearstress, τo =yieldstress,h =plasticviscosity,and D =shearrate)


TheCassonmodelprovidesparameterssimilartothatoftheBinghammodel.However,unliketheBinghammodel,itwasdevelopedformaterialsthatexhibitnon-Newtonianflowafteryielding.TheCassonmodelindicatestheproduct’syieldstress(τo)whichistheamountofshearstressrequiredtoinitiateflow,andtheproduct’splasticviscosity,h,whichistheviscosityoftheproductafter it yields.

Figure VII-4

When should you use it?TheCassonmodelshouldbeusedwithnon-Newtonianmaterialsthathaveayieldstressandthatdo notexhibita“Newtonian-like”behavioroncetheybegintoflow.ThismodelismostsuitableforfluidsthatexhibitPseudoplasticorshearthinning,flowbehaviorafteryielding.

Thesefluidshaveanon-linearflowcurve.Thepointatwhichitcrossesthey-axisistheproduct’syieldstress(τo).Toprotectthepointatwhichthecurvewillintersectwiththey-axis,theCassonmodellinearizesorstraightenstheplotbytakingthesquarerootofthedata.Toensureaccurateextrapolationtoyieldstressitisbesttotakesomedataatlowshearrates.


AnExampleoftheCassonModelatWork

Beforereleasinganewoverthecountergel,apharmaceuticalcompanyneedstolearnhowitwillbehavewhichit isbeingusedbytheendconsumer.TheyperformafullviscosityprofileandapplytheCassonmodel.Fromtheresults,showninFigureVII-4,theylearnthattheirointmenthasahigheryieldstress,τo,andlowerplasticviscosity,h,thantheyoriginallyintended.Asaresultitisdifficultordispensefromitscontainer(duetothehighyieldstress)anditdoesnotholditshapeverywell(duetothelowplasticviscosity),makingitdifficulttoapplyasmallamounttotheaffectedareaoftheskin.Basedonthisdata,formulatorsareabletomodifytheingredientsaccordingly.Onceaformulationisestablished,multi-pointtestsandtheCassonmodelareperformedasaQCtooltocheckbatchesbeforeandafterprocessing.

Pharmaceutical Gel

Plastic Viscosity (h) = 329.8 cP Yield Stress (τo) = 325.8 dynes/cm2


VII.5 Other Rheological Models

The NCA/CMA Casson Model

(1+a) √τ = 2√ τo + (1+a) √hD (τ =shearstress, τo =yieldstress, h =plasticviscosity,and =shearrate)

TheNCA/CMACassonmodelisdesignedbytheNationalConfectionersAssociationandtheChocolateManufacturersAssociationasthestandardrheologicalmodelfortheindustry.Thismodeldeterminesyieldandflowpropertiesunderspecifiedconditionsandcloselyapproximatestheplasticbehaviorofchocolatebeforefinalprocessing.

Figure VII-5

Whenchocolateisusedforenrobing,itmusthaveayieldstresshighenoughtostayinplaceonceitenrobesthefilling.Inthecaseofdecoratingchocolate,theyieldstressmustbehighenoughsoitcankeepitsshapeonceithasbeensqueezedintoplacethroughanozzle.Formoldingchocolate,theplasticviscositymustbelowenoughtocompletelyfillthemold.

(TheNCA/CMAlistsBrookfield’sHA-springrangeviscometerwithaSmallSampleAdapter,SC4-27spindleandSC4-13Rsamplechamberastheapprovedapparatus.)

The IPC Paste Model

h=kRn

TheIPCPasteModelwasdevelopedforsolderpastes.Itcalculatestheviscosityofsolderpastesat10rpm. The IPCPasteModel requires that theproductbe testedwithaBrookfieldSpiralAdapteratmultiplespeeds.MoredetailscanbefoundintheIPC-TM-650TestMethodsManual(methods2.4.34.2and2.4.3).


ThismodelisavariationofthePowerLawModel.UnlikethePowerLawModel,whichrelatesapparentviscosity toshearrate, theIPCPasteModelrelatesapparentviscosity to the testingspeed(rpm).

Figure VII-6

Figure VII-7


Appendix A - Cone/Plate Rheometer Set-Up

ThisCone/Plateversionof theDV3Tuses the sameoperating instructionproceduresasdescribedinthismanual.However,the“gap”betweentheconeandtheplatemustbeverified/adjustedbeforemeasurementsaremade.Thisisdonebymovingtheplate(builtintothesamplecup)uptowardstheconeuntilthepininthecenteroftheconetouchesthesurfaceoftheplate,andthenbyseparating(lowering)theplate0.0005inch(0.013mm).

WhenoperatingtheCone/Plateatelevatedtemperature,thegapmustbesetwiththecupandspindleequilibratedatthetemperaturerecommended.MaximumtemperatureforCone/Plateoperationis80ºC.Maximum operational temperature of sample cup is 100ºC.Personalprotectionisrecommendedwhencontrollingtotemperaturesabove80ºC.

Note: MicrometerAdjustmentRingwillbecomehotwhencontrollingsamplecupattemperaturesabove50ºC.

ProgrammableDV3TCone/PlateRheometers,S/N50969andhigher,haveanElectronicGapSettingfeature.Thisfeatureenablestheusertoeasilyfindthe0.0005inchgapsettingthatwasestablishedatBrookfieldpriortoshipment.

ThefollowinginformationexplainshowtosettheElectronicGapandverifycalibrationoftheDV3TRheometer.

A.1 Electronic Gap Setting Features

TOGGLE SWITCH allows you to enable/disable theElectronicGapSettingFeature:leftpositionisOFF(disabled),rightpositionisON(enabled).

PILOT LIGHT isthered(LED)light;whenilluminated,itmeanstheElectronicSettingFunctionissensing(enabled).

Note: Be sure the light is off beforeintroducingthetestsample.

CONTACT LIGHTistheyellow(LED)light;whenitfirstturnson,the“hitpoint”hasbeenfound.

SLIDING REFERENCE MARKERisusedafterfindingthe“hit point;” it is the reference for establishing the0.0005inchgap.

MICROMETER ADJUSTMENT RINGisusedtomovethecupupordowninrelationtotheconespindle.Turningtheringleft(clockwise)lowersthecup;turningitright(counterclockwise)raisesthecup.Eachlineontheringrepresentsonescaledivisionandisequivalentto0.0005inchmovementoftheplaterelativetothecone.

Pilot Light(red)

Toggle Swtich

Contact Light(yellow)

Sliding ReferenceMarker

MicrometerAdjustment Ring

Figure A-1


A.2 Setup

1. BesurethattheRheometerissecurelymountedtotheLaboratoryStand,leveledandzeroedwithnoconeorcupattachedand0%torqueisdisplayed.

2. Figure A-2showsatypicalwaterbathsetup.Con-nectthesamplecupinlet/outletportstothewaterbathinletandoutletandsetthebathtothedesiredtesttemperature.Allowsufficienttimeforthebathtoreachthetesttemperature.

3. TheRheometerhasbeensuppliedwithaspecialcone spindle(s) which contains the ElectronicGapSettingfeature.The“CPE”or“CPA”partnumberdesignationontheconespindleverifiestheElectronicGapSettingfeature.

Note: The“CPE”or“CPA”coneorcupcannotbeusedwithearlierDV3Tcone/plate Rheometers (belowS/N50969)whichdonothavetheelectronic gap setting feature.

4. With themotor off, thread the cone spindleby

usingthespindlewrenchtosecuretherheometercouplingnut(seeFigure A-3);gentlypushuponthecouplingnutandholdthissecurelywiththewrench.Threadtheconespindlebyhand.

Note: LeftHandThreads.

5. Attach the cup, taking care not to hit the conewiththecup(Figure A-4),bypositioningthecupagainstthemicringandswingingthetensionbarunderthecup.Thetensionbarshouldhaveplastictubing in place.

Bath/Circulator

BathInlet

BathOutlet

SampleCup

CupOutlet

CupInlet

Figure A-3

SpindleWrench

Cone Spindle

These surfacesmust be clean!

Coupling Nut

MicrometerAdjustment

Ring

Do Not hit theCONE with the CUP!

Tension Bar

Figure A-2

Figure A-4


A.3 Setting the Gap

1. Movethetoggleswitchtotheright;thiswillturnon(enable)theGapSettingFeature.ThePilot(red)lightwillbeilluminated.

Note: The motor should be OFF.

2. Ifthecontactlight(yellow)isilluminated,turnthemicrometeradjustmentringclockwise(asyoulookdownontheinstrument)untilthelightisnolongerilluminated(seeFigure A-5).

3. Iftheyellowcontactlightisnotilluminated,slowly turn the micrometer adjustment ring in smallincrements (one or two scale divisions) counter-clockwise.

Continuemoving themicrometeradjustmentringslowly counter-clockwise until the contact light(yellow) first turns on. THIS IS THE “HIT POINT.”

4. Adjust theslidingreferencemarker,rightorleft,totheclosestfullscaledivisionmark(see Figure A-6).

5. Turn the micrometer adjustment ring one scaledivisiontothelefttomeetthelineontheslidingreference marker. THE YELLOW CONTACT LIGHT SHOULD GO OFF.

6. You have established the gap space needed formeasurement. Now turn the toggle switchOFF(left);theredpilotlightshouldgooff.

TheviscosityofelectricallyconductivefluidsmaybeaffectedifreadingsaretakenwiththeElectronicGapSettingfeature“on”.Besuretoshutthefeature“off”beforetakingreadings!

7. Carefullyremovethesamplecup.

Note: 1. The cupmaybe removed and replacedwithout resetting the gap if themicrometer

adjustmentringhasnotbeenmoved.2. Removethespindlefromtherheometerwhencleaning.3. Re-establishthehitpointeverytimethespindleisattached/detached.

Moves Awayfrom Hit Point

(clockwise) LEFTx

Moves Towards Hit Point

(counter-clockwise) RIGHT

Full Scale Division Marks

SlidingReference

Marker

Figure A-5

Figure A-6


A.4 Verifying Calibration

1. Determinetheappropriatesamplevolume.RefertoTableA-1todeterminethecorrectsamplevolumerequiredforthespindletobeutilized.

2. SelectaBrookfieldViscosityStandardfluidthatwillgiveviscosityreadingsbetween10%and100%offullscalerange.RefertoAppendix B for viscosity ranges of cone spindles.

BrookfieldusesmineraloilviscositystandardfluidstocalibrateWellsBrookfieldCone/PlateRheometersat thefactory. Brookfieldrecommends thatcustomersusemineraloilviscositystandardfluidswhenyouperformacalibrationcheck.

Ifyoudecidetouseasiliconeviscositystandardfluid,donotuseafluidwithaviscosityvaluegreaterthan5000cPwithaCone/Plate.BrookfieldoffersacompleterangeofmineraloilviscositystandardssuitableforusewithCone/Platesforviscositiesabove5,000cPorshearratesabove500 sec-1;seeTableE-2inAppendixEforalistofavailablefluids.

Itisbesttouseaviscositystandardfluidthatwillbeclosetothemaximumviscosityforagivencone spindle/speed combination.

Example: DV3TLVRheometer,ConeSpindleCPA-42Z,BrookfieldSiliconeViscosityStandardhavingaviscosityof9.7cPat25°C

At60RPM,thefullscaleviscosityrangeis10.0cP.Thus,theRheometerreadingshouldbe97%torqueand9.7cPviscosity±0.197cP.Theallowableerror(±0.197cP)isacombinationofRheometeraccuracyandfluidtolerance(refertoInterpretation of Calibration Test Results inAppendixE).

3. Withthemotoroff,removethesamplecupandplacetheviscositystandardfluidintothecup.

Table A-1

Cone Part No.

CPA-40Z, CPE-40, CP-40CPA-41Z, CPE-41, CP-41CPA-42Z, CPE-42, CP-42CPA-51Z, CPE-51, CP-51CPA-52Z, CPE-52, CP-52

Sample Volume

0.5 mL2.0 mL1.0 mL0.5 mL0.5 mL

4. AttachthesamplecuptotheRheometerandallowsufficienttimeforthesample,cupandconetoreachtemperatureequilibrium.

5. Turnthemotoron.Setthedesiredspeed(s).Measuretheviscosityandrecordthereadinginboth%torqueandcentipoise(cP).

6. Verifythattheviscosityreadingiswithintheallowable1%deviation,asexplainedearlier,forthespecificviscositystandardfluid(s)thatyouareusing.

TheCPEorCPAdesignationontheconespindleindicatesusewithElectronicGapSettingCone/PlateRheometers/Rheometersonly.


Appendix B - Viscosity Ranges

Viscosity Range TablesViscosityrangesshownareforoperationalspeeds0.1through200rpm.

LV Rheometer with LV spindles #1-4 and RV/HA/HB Rheometers with spindles #1-7

Viscosity Range (cP)

Rheometer Minimum Maximum

DV3TLV 15 6,000,000

DV3TRV 100 40,000,000

DV3THA 200 80,000,000

DV3THB 800 320,000,000

Small Sample Adapter and Thermosel

SSA and Thermosel Spindle

Viscosity (cP) Shear Rate sec-1 Å

DV3TLV DV3TRV DV3THA DV3THB

S SC4-14 58.6 - 1,171.00 625 - 12,500,000 1,250 - 25,000,000 5,000 - 100,000,000 .40N

S SC4-15 23.4 - 468,650 250 - 5,000,000 500 - 10,000,000 2,000 - 40,000,000 .48N

S SC4-16 60 - 1,199,700 640 - 12,800,000 1,280 - 25,600,000 5,120 - 102,400,000 .29N

SC4-18 1.5 - 30,000 16 - 320,000 32 - 640,000 128 - 2,560,000 1.32N

SC4-21 2.4 - 46,865 25 - 500,000 50 - 1,000,000 200 - 4,000,000 .93N

SC4-25 240 - 4,790,000 2,560 - 51,200,000 5,120 - 102,400,000 20,480 - 409,600,000 .22N

SC4-27 11.7 - 234,325 125 - 2,500,000 250 - 5,000,000 1,000 - 20,000.000 .34N

SC4-28 23.4 - 468,650 250 - 5,000,000 500 - 10,000,000 2,000 - 40,000,000 .28N

SC4-29 46.9 - 937,300 500 - 10,000,000 1,000 - 20,000,000 4,000 - 80,000,000 .25N

SC4-31 15 - 300,000 160 - 3,200,000 320 - 6,400,000 1,280 - 25,600,000 .34N

SC4-34 30 - 600,000 320 - 6,400,000 640 - 12,800,000 2,560 - 51,200,000 .28N

T HT-DIN-81 3.4 - 10,000 36.5 - 10,000 73 - 10,000 292 - 10,000 1.29N

S SC4-DIN-82 3.4 - 10,000 36.5 - 10,000 73 - 10,000 292 - 10,000 1.29N

S SC4-DIN-83 11.3 - 37,898 121.3 - 50,000 242.6 - 50,000 970.4 - 50,000 1.29N

T ThisspindleusedwithThermoselonlyS ThisspindleusedwithSmallSampleAdapteronlyÅ NrepresentsspeedinRPM.Forexample,spindleSC4-14operatedat5rpmhasashearrate of0.40x5=2.0sec-1


UL Adapter

UL SpindleViscosity (cP) Shear Rate

sec-1DV3TLV DV3TRV DV3THA DV3THBYULA-15 or 15Z 1 - 2,000 3.2 - 2,000 6.4 - 2,000 25.6 - 2,000 1.22N

DIN Adapter Accessory

DAA Spindle

Viscosity (cP) Shear Rate sec-1DV3TLV DV3TRV DV3THA DV3THB

85 0.6 - 5,000 6.1 - 5,000 12.2 - 5,000 48.8 - 5,000 1.29N

86 1.8 - 10,000 18.2 - 10,000 36.5 - 10,000 146 - 10,000 1.29N

87 5.7 - 50,000 61 - 50,000 121 - 50,000 485 - 50,000 1.29N

Spiral Adapter

Spiral Spindle

Viscosity (cP) Shear Rate sec-1


SA-70 98 - 98,500 1,050 - 1,050,000 2,100 - 2,100,000 8,400 - 8,400,000 0.667N

Cone/Plate Rheometer

Cone Spindle

Viscosity (cP) Shear Rate sec-1


CPA-40Z .15 - 3,065 1.7 - 32,700 3.3 - 65,400 13.1 - 261,000 7.5N

CPA-41Z .58 - 11,510 6.2 - 122,800 12.3 - 245,600 49.1 - 982,400 2.0N

CPA-42Z .3 - 6,000 3.2 - 64,000 6.4 - 128,000 25.6 - 512,000 3.84N

CPA-51Z 2.4 - 47,990 25.6 - 512,000 51.7 - 1,024,000 205 - 4,096,000 3.84N

CPA-52Z 4.6 - 92,130 49.2 - 983,000 99.2 - 1,966,000 393 - 7,864,000 2.0N

Helipath with T-Bar Spindle

T-Bar Spindle

Viscosity (cP)


T-A 156 - 187,460 2,000 - 2,000,000 4,000 - 4,000,000 16,000 - 16,000,000

T-B 312 - 374,920 4,000 - 4,000,000 8,000 - 8,000,000 32,000 - 32,000,000

T-C 780 - 937,300 10,000 - 10,000,000 20,000 - 20,000,000 80,000 - 80,000,000

T-D 1,560 - 1,874,600 20,000 - 20,000,000 40,000 - 40,000,000 160,000 - 160,000,000

T-E 3,900 - 4,686,500 50,000 - 50,000,000 100,000 - 100,000,000 400,000 - 400,000,000

T-F 7,800 - 9,373,000 100,000 - 100,000000 200,000 - 200,000,000 800,000 - 800,000,000


Vane Spindles

Spindle Torque Range

Shear Stress Range (Pa)

Viscosity Range cP (mPa·s)

V-71 NOT RECOMMENDED FOR USE ON LV TORQUE

V-72 LV .188-1.88 104.04-1.04K

V-73 LV .938-9.38 502-5.02K

V-74 LV 9.38-93.8 5.09K-50.9K

V-75 LV 3.75-37.5 1.996K-19.96K

V-71 RV .5-5 262-2.62K

V-72 RV 2-20 1.11K-11.1K

V-73 RV 10-100 5.35K-53.5K

V-74 RV 100-1K 54.3K-543K

V-75 RV 40-400 21.3K-213K

V-71 HA 1-10 524-5.24K

V-72 HA 4-40 2.22K-22.2K

V-73 HA 20-200 10.7K-107K

V-74 HA 200-2K 108.6K-1.086M

V-75 HA 80-800 42.6K-426K

V-71 HB 4-40 2.096K-20.96K

V-72 HB 16-160 8.88K-88.8K

V-73 HB 80-800 42.8K-428K

V-74 HB 800-8K 434.4K-4.344M

V-75 HB 320-3.2K 170.4K-1.704M

V-71 5XHB 20-200 10.48K-104.8K

V-72 5xHB 80-800 44.4K-444K

V-73 5XHB 400-4000 214K-2.14M

V-74 5xHB 4K-40K 2.172M-21.72M

V-75 5xHB 1.6K-16K 852K-8.52M

Note: 1.1Pa=10dyne/cm2 2.ViscosityRangeisgivenatrotationalspeedof10RPM 3.5xHBisthehighesttorquerangeavailable 4.NotforusewithDV-EViscometers

M=1millionK=1thousandPa=PascalcP=CentipoisemPa•s=Millipascal•seconds


Special ConsiderationsIn takingviscositymeasurementswith theDV3TRheometer, thereare twoconsiderationswhichpertaintothelowviscositylimitofeffectivemeasurement.

1) Viscositymeasurementsshouldbeacceptedwithintheequivalent%TorqueRangefrom10%to100%foranycombinationofspindle/speedrotation.

2) Viscositymeasurementsshouldbetakenunderlaminarflowconditions,notunderturbulentflowconditions.

Thefirstconsiderationhastodowiththeprecisionoftheinstrument.AllDV3TRheometershaveanaccuracyof+/-1%oftherangeinuseforanystandardspindleorcone/platespindle.(Notethataccuracyvaluesmaybehigherthan1%whenusingaccessorydeviceswiththeDV3T).Wediscouragetakingreadingsbelow10%ofrangebecausethepotentialviscosityerrorof+/-1%isarelativelyhighnumbercomparedtotheinstrumentreading.

Thesecondconsiderationinvolves themechanicsoffluidflow. Allrheologicalmeasurementsoffluidflowpropertiesshouldbemadeunderlaminarflowconditions.Laminarflowisflowwhereinallparticlemovementisinlayersdirectedbytheshearingforce.Forrotationalsystems,thismeansallfluidmovementmustbecircumferential.Whentheinertialforcesonthefluidbecometoogreat,thefluidcanbreak into turbulentflowwherein themovementoffluidparticlesbecomes randomandtheflowcannotbeanalyzedwithstandardmathmodels.Thisturbulencecreatesafalselyhighrheometerreadingwiththedegreeofnon-linearincreaseinreadingbeingdirectlyrelatedtothedegreeofturbulenceinthefluid.

Forthefollowinggeometries,wehavefoundthatanapproximatetransitionpointtoturbulentflowoccurs:

1) No.1LVSpindle: 15cPat60RPM2) No.2LVSpindle: 100cPat200RPM3) No.1RVSpindle: 100cPat50RPM4) ULAdapter: 0.85cPat60RPM

Turbulentconditionswillexist in thesesituationswhenever theRPM/cPratioexceeds thevalueslisted above.

Effect on accuracy when using accessory devicesTheBrookfieldrheometerhasastatedaccuracyof+/-1%oftherangeinuse.Thisstatedaccuracyapplieswhen the rheometer is used in accordancewith theoperating instructionsdetailed in theinstrumentinstructionmanualandthecalibrationtestfluidisusedinaccordancewiththeinstructionsprovidedbythefluidsupplier(includingthecriticalparametersoftemperaturecontrolandstatedfluidaccuracy).Brookfield’saccuracystatementof+/-1%oftherangeinuseappliestotheBrookfieldrotationalrheometerwhenusedwiththestandardspindlessuppliedwiththeinstrument,includingLVspindles1through4(suppliedwithLVseriesrheometers),RVspindles2through7(suppliedwithRVseriesrheometers),andHVseriesspindles2through7(suppliedwithHAseriesrheometersandHBseriesrheometers)ina600mLlowformGriffinbeaker.

Brookfield offers a range of accessories for usewith theBrookfield rheometer to accommodatespecialmeasurementcircumstances.Theseaccessories,whileofferingaddedcapabilitytotheuser,alsocontributetoanexpandedmeasurementtolerancebeyondtheinstrumentaccuracyof+/-1%oftherangeinuse.Thisexpandedmeasurementtoleranceisafunctionofmanyparametersincludingspindlegeometry,accessoryalignmentaccuracy,samplevolumerequirement,andsampleintroductiontechniques. The effect of these elements on measurement tolerance must be considered whenverifyingthecalibrationofyourBrookfieldrheometer.Sampletemperatureinalltestcircumstancesisveryimportant,andwillalsoaddanadditionalexpandedtolerancedependingonthetemperaturecontrolsystemandthecalibrationverificationtestsbeginwiththestandardrheometerspindlesasdetailedabove.Oncethecalibrationoftherheometeritselfisconfirmed,theexpandedtoleranceofthemeasurementsystemmaybedeterminedusingaccessorydevices.Inmanycases,thisadditionaltolerancewillbeveryminimal,butasageneralstatement,theadditionof+/-1%oftherangeinuseis reasonable for accessories.


Appendix C - Variables in Viscosity Measurements

Aswithanyinstrumentmeasurement,therearevariablesthatcanaffectaRheometermeasurement.Thesevariablesmayberelatedtotheinstrument(Rheometer),orthetestfluid.Variablesrelatedtothetestfluiddealwiththerheologicalpropertiesofthefluid,whileinstrumentvariableswouldincludetheRheometerdesignandthespindlegeometrysystemutilized.

Rheological Properties FluidshavedifferentrheologicalcharacteristicsthatcanbedescribedbyRheometermeasurements.Wecanthenworkwiththesefluidstosuitourlaborprocessconditions.

Therearetwocategoriesoffluids:

Newtonian - ThesefluidshavethesameviscosityatdifferentShearRates(differentRPMs)andarecalledNewtonianovertheShearRaterangetheyaremeasured.

Non-Newtonian - These fluids have different viscosities at different shear rates (differentRPMs).Theyfallintotwogroups:

1) TimeIndependentnon-Newtonian2) TimeDependentnon-Newtonian

Time Independent

Pseudoplastic - Apseudoplasticmaterialdisplaysadecreaseinviscositywithanincreaseinshearrate,andisalsoknownas“shearthinning”.IfyoutakeRheometerreadingsfromalowtoahighRPMandthenbacktothelowRPM,andthereadingsfalluponthemselves,thematerialistimeindependentpseudoplastic(shearthinning).

Time Dependent

Thixotropic - Athixotropicmaterialhasdecreasingviscosityunderconstantshearrate.IfyousetaRheometerataconstantspeedrecordingcPvaluesovertimeandfindthatthecPvaluesdecreasewithtime,thematerialisthixotropic.

- IfyoutakerheometerreadingsfromalowRPMtoahighRPMandthenbacktothelowRPM,andthereadingsarelowerforthedescendingstep,thematerialistimedependant,thixotropic.

Brookfieldpublication,“More Solutions to Sticky Problems”,includesamoredetaileddiscussionofrheologicalpropertiesandnon-Newtonianbehavior.


Rheometer Related Variables

Mostfluidviscositiesarefoundtobenon-Newtonian.TheyaredependentonShearRate,timeoftestandthespindlegeometryconditions.ThespecificationsoftheRheometerspindleandchambergeometrywillaffecttheviscosityreadings.Ifonereadingistakenat2.5RPM,andasecondat50RPM,thetwocPvaluesproducedwillbedifferentbecausethereadingsweremadeatdifferentshearrates.Thefasterthespindlespeed,thehighertheshearrate.

Theshearrateofagivenmeasurementisdeterminedby:therotationalspeedofthespindle,thesizeandshapeofthespindle,thesizeandshapeofthecontainerusedandthereforethedistancebetweenthecontainerwallandthespindlesurface.

Arepeatableviscositytestshouldcontrolorspecifythefollowing:

1) Testtemperature 2) Samplecontainersize(orspindle/chambergeometry) 3) Samplevolume 4) Rheometermodel 5) Spindleused 6) Whetherornottoattachtheguardleg 7) Testspeedorspeeds(ortheshearrate) 8) Lengthoftimeornumberofspindlerevolutionstorecordviscosity 9) Howthesamplewaspreparedand/orloadedintothecontainer


Appendix D - Spindle and Model Codes

EachspindlehasatwodigitentrycodewhichisenteredviathekeypadontheDV3T.TheentrycodeallowstheDV3TtocalculateViscosity,ShearRateandShearStressvalues.

Eachspindlehas twoconstantswhichareusedin thesecalculations. TheSpindleMultiplierConstant(SMC)usedforviscosityandshearstresscalculations,andtheShearRateConstant(SRC),usedforshearrateandshearstresscalculations.NotethatwhereSRC=0,noshearrate/shearstresscalculationsaredoneandthedatadisplayediszero(0)forthesefunctions.

Table D-1 (Continued on following page)

SPINDLE ENTRY CODE SMC SRC

RV1 01 1 0

RV2 02 4 0

RV3 03 10 0

RV4 04 20 0

RV5 05 40 0

RV6 06 100 0

RV7 07 400 0

HA1 01 1 0

HA2 02 4 0

HA3 03 10 0

HA4 04 20 0

HA5 05 40 0

HA6 06 100 0

HA7 07 400 0

HB1 01 1 0

HB2 02 4 0

HB3 03 10 0

HB4 04 20 0

HB5 05 40 0

HB6 06 100 0

HB7 07 400 0

LV1 61 6.4 0

LV2 62 32 0

LV3 63 128 0

LV4 or 4B2 64 640 0

LV5 65 1280 0

LV-2C 66 32 0.212

LV-3C 67 128 0.210

Spiral 70 105 0.677


SPINDLE ENTRY CODE SMC SRC

T-A 91 20 0

T-B 92 40 0

T-C 93 100 0

T-D 94 200 0

T-E 95 500 0

T-F 96 1000 0

ULA 00 0.64 1.223

DIN-81 81 3.7 1.29

DIN-82 82 3.75 1.29

DIN-83 83 12.09 1.29

DIN-85 85 1.22 1.29

DIN-86 86 3.65 1.29

DIN-87 87 12.13 1.29

SC4-14 14 125 0.4

SC4-15 15 50 0.48

SC4-16 16 128 0.29

SC4-18 18 3.2 1.32

SC4-21 21 5 0.93

SC4-25 25 512 0.22

SC4-27 27 25 0.34

SC4-28 28 50 0.28

SC4-29 29 100 0.25

SC4-31 31 32 0.34

SC4-34 34 64 0.28

CPE-40 or CPA-40Z 40 0.327 7.5

CPE-41 or CPA-41Z 41 1.228 2

CPE-42 or CPA-42Z 42 0.64 3.8

CPE-51 or CPA-51Z 51 5.178 3.84

CPE-52 or CPA-52Z 52 9.922 2

V-71 71 2.62 0

V-72 72 11.1 0

V-73 73 53.5 0

V-74 74 543 0

V-75 75 213 0

Table D-1(continued from previous page)


TableD-2liststhemodelcodesandspringtorqueconstantsforeachRheometermodel.

Table D-2

MODEL TK MODEL CODE ON DV3T SCREEN

DV3TLV 0.09373 LV

2.5DV3TLV 0.2343 L3

5DV3TLV 0.4686 L5

1/4 DV3TRV 0.25 RQ

1/2 DV3TRV 0.5 RH

DV3TRV 1 RV

DV3THA 2 HA

2DV3THA 4 A2

2.5DV3THA 5 A3

DV3THB 8 HB

2DV3THB 16 B3

2.5DV3THB 20 B5

ThefullscaleviscosityrangeforanyDV3Tmodelandspindlemaybecalculatedusingtheequation:

Full Scale Viscosity Range [cP] = TK * SMC * 10,000 RPM

where:TK=DV3TTorqueConstantfromTableD-2SMC=SpindleMultiplierConstantfromTableD-1

TheShearRatecalculationis:

(ShearStress(D/cm2))=Viscosity(P)*ShearRate(1/sec) =TK*SMC*SRC*TORQ


Appendix E - Calibration Procedures

TheaccuracyoftheDV3TisverifiedusingviscositystandardfluidswhichareavailablefromBrookfieldEngineeringLaboratoriesor your localBrookfield agent. Viscosity standards areNewtonian, andtherefore,have the sameviscosity regardlessof spindle speed (or shear rate).Viscosity standards,calibrated at 25°C,areshowninTable E-1(SiliconeOils)andTable E-2 (MineralOils).

Formorehelpyoucangotothewebsite, www.brookfieldengineering.com,anddownloadthevideo.

Container size: ForViscosityStandards<30,000cP,usea600mLLowFormGriffinBeaker

havingaworkingvolumeof500mL. ForViscosityStandards≥30,000cP,usethefluidcontainer. InsideDiameter: 3.25”(8.25cm) Height: 4.75”(12.1cm) Note:Containermaybelarger,butmaynotbesmaller.

Temperature: Asstatedonthefluidstandardlabel:(+/-)0.1°C

Conditions: TheDV3Tshouldbesetaccordingtotheoperatinginstructions.Thewaterbathmustbestabilizedattesttemperature.Rheometerswiththeletters“LV”or“RV”inthemodeldesignationmusthavetheguardlegattached(seeAppendixFformoreinformationontheguardleg).

Normal 25ºC Standard Fluids Viscosity (cP) Viscosity (cP)

High Temperature Standard Fluids Three Viscosity/Temperatures**

5 5,000 HT-30,000

10 12,500 HT-60,000

50 30,000 HT-100,000

100 60,000

500 100,000 **25ºC, 93.3ºC, 149ºC

1,000 Refer to Brookfield catalog for more informationTable E-1

MINERAL OIL VISCOSITY STANDARD FLUIDS BEL Part No. Viscosity (cP) 25ºC

B29 29

B200 200

B600 600

B1060 1,060

B2000 2,000

B10200 10,200

B21000 21,000

B73000 73,000

B200000 200,000

B360000 360,000

Table E-2


BrookfieldViscosityStandardFluidGeneralInformation

We recommendthatBrookfieldViscosityStandardFluidsbereplacedonanannualbasis,oneyearfromdateofinitialuse.Thesefluidsarepuresiliconeandarenotsubjecttochangeovertime.However,exposuretooutsidecontaminantsthroughnormaluserequiresreplacementonanannualbasis.Contaminationmayoccurbytheintroductionofsolvent,standardofdifferentviscosityorotherforeignmaterial.

ViscosityStandardFluidsmaybestoredundernormallaboratoryconditions.Disposalshouldbeinaccordancewithstate,localandfederalregulationsasspecifiedonthematerialsafetydatasheet.

BrookfieldEngineeringLaboratoriesdoesnotrecertifyViscosityStandardFluids.WewillissueduplicatecopiesoftheCertificateofCalibrationforanyfluidwithintwoyearsofthepurchasedate. BrookfieldViscosityStandardFluidsare reusableprovided theyarenotcontaminated.Normalpracticeforusageina600mLbeakeristoreturnthematerialfromthebeakerbackintothebottle.WhenusingsmallervolumesinaccessoriessuchasSmallSampleAdapter,ULAdapterorThermosel,thefluidisnormallydiscarded.

CalibrationProcedureforLV#1-3(#61-63)andRV,HA,HB#1-6BrookfieldSpindles

Please note that the LV #4 (64) and RV, HA, HB #7 (07) spindles have been omitted from this procedure.Brookfielddoesnotrecommendtheuseofthesespindlestoperformacalibrationcheck on your instrument. Reasons pertain to the small amount of spindle surface that makescontactwiththeviscositystandard,thedifficultyofestablishingtheimmersionmarkprecisely and the need for precise temperature control at 25°C in the immediate vicinity of the spindle.

Followthesestepsusingoneoftherecommendedspindlestoverifycalibrationonyourinstrument:

1) Placetheviscositystandardfluid(inthepropercontainer)intothewaterbath.2) LowertheDV3Tintomeasurementposition(withguardlegifLVorRVseriesRheometer

isused).3) AttachthespindletotheRheometer.Ifyouareusingadisk-shapedspindle,avoidtrapping

airbubblesbeneaththediskbyfirstimmersingthespindleatanangle,andthenconnectingittotheRheometer.

4) Theviscositystandardfluid,togetherwiththespindle,shouldbeimmersedinthebathforaminimumof1hour,stirringthefluidperiodically,priortotakingmeasurements.

5) After 1 hour, check the temperature of the viscosity standard fluid with an accuratethermometer.

6) Ifthefluidisattesttemperature(±0.1°Cofthespecifiedtemperature,normally25°C),measuretheviscosityandrecordtheRheometerreading.Note: The spindle must rotate at least five (5) times before readings are taken.

7) TheviscosityreadingshouldequalthecPvalueonthefluidstandardtowithinthecombinedaccuraciesoftheRheometerandtheviscositystandard(asdiscussedinthesection,attheendofthisAppendix,entitledInterpretationofCalibrationTestResults)whichappearslaterinthissection.


Calibration Procedure for a Small Sample Adapter Brookfieldrecommendsatwostepcheck.First,verifythecalibrationoftherheometerusingthestandardrheometerspindles(LV#1-3,RV#2-6,HA#2-6andHB#2-6orcone/platespindles)asdetailedinthisappendix.Second,verifythecalibrationoftherheometerusingtheSmallSampleAdapter.TheuseofanaccessorydevicemayincreasetheaccuracyofmeasurementassociatedwiththeDV3T.

WhenaSmallSampleAdapterisused,thewaterjacketisconnectedtothewaterbathandthewaterisstabilizedatthepropertemperature:

1) Puttheproperamountofviscositystandardfluidintothesamplechamber.Theamountvaries with each spindle/chamber combination (refer to the Small SampleAdapterinstructionmanual).

2) Placethesamplechamberintothewaterjacket.3) Putthespindleintothetestfluidandattachtheextensionlink,couplingnutandfree

hangingspindle(ordirectlyattachthesolidshaftspindle)totheDV3T.4) Allow30minutesfortheviscositystandard,samplechamberandspindletoreachtest

temperature.5) MeasuretheviscosityandrecordtheRheometerreading.Note: The spindle must rotate

at least five (5) times before readings are taken.

Calibration Procedure for a Thermosel System

Brookfieldrecommendsatwostepcheck.Firstverifythecalibrationoftherheometerusingthestandardrheometerspindles(LV#1-3,RV#2-6,HA#2-6andHB#2-6orcone/platespindles)asdetailedinthisappendix.SecondverifythecalibrationoftherheometerusingtheThermosel.TheuseofanaccessorydevicemayincreasetheaccuracyofmeasurementassociatedwiththeDV3T.

WhenaThermoselSystem isused, thecontroller stabilizes theThermoContainerat the testtemperature.

1) PuttheproperamountofHTviscositystandardfluidintotheHT-2samplechamber.Theamountvarieswiththespindleused(refertotheThermoselinstructionmanual).

2) PlacethesamplechamberintotheThermoContainer.3) Putthespindleintothetestfluidandattachtheextensionlink,couplingnutandfree

hangingspindle(ordirectlyattachthesolidshaftspindle)totheDV3T.4) Allow30minutesfortheviscositystandard,samplechamberandspindletoreachtest



Calibration Procedure using UL or DIN Adapters

Brookfieldrecommendsatwostepcheck.First,verifythecalibrationoftherheometerusingthestandardrheometerspindles(LV#1-3,RV#2-6,HA#2-6andHB#2-6orcone/platespindles)asdetailedinthisappendix.Second,verifythecalibrationoftherheometerusingtheULorDINAdapters.TheuseofanaccessorydevicemayincreasetheaccuracyofmeasurementassociatedwiththeDV3T.


WhenaULorDINULAdapterisused,thewaterbathisstabilizedatthepropertemperature:1) Put theproperamountofviscositystandardfluidintotheULTube(refer to theUL

Adapterinstructionmanual).2) Attachthespindle(withextensionlinkandcouplingnut)ontotheDV3T.3) Attachthetubetothemountingchannel.4) Lowerthetubeintothewaterbathreservoir,orifusingtheULA-40Ywaterjacket,

connecttheinlet/outletstothebathexternalcirculatingpump.5) Allow30minutesfortheviscositystandard,samplechamberandspindletoreachtest



Calibration Procedure using a Helipath Stand and T-Bar Spindles WhenaHelipathStandandT-Barspindlesareused:

1) RemovetheT-barspindleandselectastandardLV(#1-3)orRV,HA,HB(#1-6)spindle.FollowtheproceduresforLV(#1-3)andRV,HA,HB(#1-6)Brookfieldspindlesoutlinedabove.

2) T-Bar spindles should not be used for verifying calibration of the DV3T Rheometer.

Calibration Procedure for Spiral Adapter

Brookfieldrecommendsatwostepcheck.First,verifythecalibrationoftherheometerusingthestandardrheometerspindles(LV#1-3,RV#2-6,HA#2-6andHB#2-6orcone/platespindles)asdetailedin thisappendix. Second,verify thecalibrationof therheometerusingtheSpiralAdapter.TheuseofanaccessorydevicemayincreasetheaccuracyofmeasurementassociatedwiththeDV3T.

1) Placetheviscositystandardfluid(inthepropercontainer)intothewaterbath(refertotheSpiralAdapterinstructionmanual).

2) Attachthespindletotherheometer.Attachchamber(SA-1Y)andclamptotherheometer.

3) LowertheDV3Tintomeasurementposition.Operatetherheometerat50or60RPMuntilthechamberisfullyflooded.

4) The viscosity standard fluid, together with the spindle, should be immersed in thebathforaminimumof1hour,stirringthefluidperiodically(operateat50or60RPMperiodically),priortotakingmeasurements.

5) After1hour,check the temperatureof theviscositystandardfluidwithanaccuratethermometer.

6) Ifthefluidisattesttemperature(+/-0.1°Cofthespecifiedtemperature,normally25°C),measuretheviscosityandrecordtherheometerreading. Note: The spindle must rotate at least five (5) times for one minute, whichever is greater before readings are taken.

7) TheviscosityreadingshouldequalthecPvalueontheviscosityfluidstandardtowithinthecombinedaccuraciesoftherheometerandthestandard(asdiscussedinthesectionentitled,InterpretationofCalibrationTestResults).However,instrumentaccuracyis±2%ofthemaximumviscosityrangeandnotthestandard1%.


Calibration Procedure for Cone/Plate Rheometers 1) Followtheaboveproceduresformechanicallyadjustingthesettingoftheconespindletothe

plate.2) RefertoAppendixA;TableA-1,anddeterminethecorrectsamplevolumerequiredforthe

selected spindle.3) Selectaviscositystandardfluidthatwillgiveviscosityreadingsbetween10%and100%of

fullscalerange.RefertoAppendixBforviscosityrangesofconespindles.ConsultwithBrookfieldoranauthorizeddealertodeterminewhichfluidisappropriate.

Itisbesttouseaviscositystandardfluidthatwillbeclosetothemaximumviscosityforagiven cone spindle/speed combination.

Example: DV3TLVRheometer,ConeCP-42,Fluid10 Havingaviscosityof9.7cPat25°C

At60RPM,thefullscaleviscosityrangeis10.0cP.Thus,theRheometerreadingshouldbe97%torqueand9.7cPviscosity±0.197cP(0.1cPfortherheometerplus0.097cPforthefluid).TheaccuracyisacombinationofRheometerandfluidtolerance(refertoInterpretationofCalibrationTestResults).

4) Withtherheometerstopped,removethesamplecupandplacetheviscositystandardfluidintothecup,waiting10minutesfortemperatureequilibrium.

5) Connect thesamplecup to theRheometer. Allowsufficient timefor temperature to reachequilibrium.Typically15minutes is themaximum time thatyoumustwait. Less time isrequiredifspindleandcuparealreadyattesttemperature.

6) MeasuretheviscosityandrecordtheRheometerreadinginboth%torqueandcentipoise(cP). Notes: 1) Thespindlemustrotateatleastfive(5)timesbeforeaviscosityreadingis

taken. 2) TheuseofBrookfieldViscosityStandardfluidsintherangeof5cPto5000cPis

recommendedforcone/plateinstruments.PleasecontactBrookfieldEngineeringLaboratoriesoranauthorizeddealerifyourcalibrationprocedurerequiresmoreviscous standards.

3) Selectaviscositystandardfluidthatwillgiveviscosityreadingsbetween10%and 100%of full scale range. Refer toAppendixB for viscosity ranges ofconespindles.Donotuseasiliconeviscositystandardfluidwithaviscosityvaluegreaterthan5000cPwithaCone/PlateRheometer.BrookfieldoffersacompleterangeofmineraloilviscositystandardssuitableforusewithCone/PlateRheometersasshowninTableE-2.ConsultwithBrookfieldoranauthorizeddealertodeterminewhichfluidisappropriate.

Interpretation of Calibration Test Results: WhenverifyingthecalibrationoftheDV3T,theinstrumentandviscositystandardfluiderrormustbecombinedtocalculatethetotalallowableerror.

TheDV3Tisaccurateto(+/-)1%oftherangeinusewhenusingspindlesLV#1-3,RV#2-6,HA#2-6andHB#2-6.WhenusinganaccessorydevicewiththeDV3TsuchasSmallSampleAdapter,ULAdapter,Thermosel,SpiralAdapter,andDINAdaptertheaccuracyvaluemaybeincreased.Ingeneraltheincreaseinaccuracywillbeminimal,however,itcouldbeasmuchas1%foratotalaccuracyof+/-2%oftherangeinuse.


BrookfieldViscosityStandardsFluidsareaccurateto(+/-)1%oftheirstatedvalue.

Example: CalculatetheacceptablerangeofviscosityusingDV3TRVwithRV-3Spindleat2RPM;BrookfieldStandardFluid12,500withaviscosityof12,257cPat25°C:

1) Calculatefullscaleviscosityrangeusingtheequation:

Full Scale Viscosity Range [cP] = TK * SMC * 10,000 RPM

Where:TK-1.0fromTable D-2SMC=10fromTable D-1

Full Scale Viscosity Range 1* 10 * 10,000 = 50,000 cP 2

Theviscosityisaccurateto(+/-)500cP(whichis1%of50,000)

2) Theviscositystandardfluidis12,257cP.Itsaccuracyis(+/-)1%of12,257or (+/-)122.57cP.

3) Totalallowableerroris(122.57+500)cP=(+/-)622.57cP.

4) Therefore,anyviscosityreadingbetween11,634.4and12,879.6cPindicatesthattheRheometerisoperatingcorrectly.AnyreadingoutsidetheselimitsmayindicateaRheometerproblem.ContacttheBrookfieldtechnicalsalesdepartmentoryourlocalBrookfielddealer/distributorwithtestresultstodeterminethenatureoftheproblem.

Example: Calculate the acceptable accuracy for viscositymeasurement usingDV3TLV

withSC4-21spindleinSmallSampleAdapterat6,12,and30RPM.Brookfieldviscositystandardfluid100cPshasanactualvalueof101.5cPat25ºC.

1) Calculate the full scaleviscosity rangeeitherbyusing theSpindleRangeCoefficient inAppendixBofMoreSolutionstoStickyProblemsorbyusingtheAutoRangebuttononyourrheometer.

TheSpindleRangeCoefficientforthe21spindleonanLVTorqueinstrumentis4,688.

At6RPM,theFullScaleRange(FSR)viscosityis781cP.Allow+/-1%fortherheometerand+/-1%fortheSmallSampleAdapter.Totalallowableaccuracyis:

+/-2%x781cP=+/-15.6cP

Asimilarcalculationat12RPMgivesFSR=391cP:+/-2%x391cP=+/-7.8cP Asimilarcalculationat30RPMgivesFSR=156cP:+/-2%x156cP=+/-3.1cP

2) TheViscosityStandardFluidis101.5cP.Itsaccuracyis:

+/-1%x101.5cP=+/-1.015cPorroughly+/-1.0cPforfurthercalculations.


3) Totalaccuracyisthesumofthevaluesn(1)and(2):

At6RPM,accuracyis:15.6cP+1.0cP=+/-16.6cP At12RPM,accuracyis:7.8cP+1.0cP=+/-9.8cP At30RPM,accuracyis:3.1cP=1.0cP=+/-4.1cP

4) Therefore,ateachspeed,theacceptablewindowswithinwhichthemeasuredviscosityvaluemustlieiscalculatedrelativetotheviscosityvalueofthestandard:

At6RPM:84.9cPto118.1cP At12RPM:91.7cPto111.3cP At30RPM:97.4cPto105.6cP

Ifyourmeasuredvaluesfalloutsideofthesewindows,contactBrookfieldoryourauthorizeddealertodiscussyourresultsanddeterminewhetheryourinstrumentisoutofcalibration.


Appendix F - The Brookfield Guardleg

Theguardlegwasoriginallydesignedtoprotectthespindleduringuse.ThefirstapplicationsoftheBrookfieldRheometerincludedhandheldoperationwhilemeasuringfluidsina55-gallondrum.Itisclearthatunderthoseconditionsthepotentialfordamagetothespindlewasgreat.Originalconstructionincludedasleevethatprotectedthespindlefromsideimpact.EarlyRVguardlegsattachedtothedialhousingandLVguardlegsattachedtothebottomofthepivotcupwithatwistandlockmechanism.

ThecurrentguardlegisabandofmetalintheshapeoftheletterUwithabracketatthetopthatattachestothepivotcupofaBrookfieldViscometer/Rheometer.Becauseitmustattachtothepivotcup,theguardlegcannotbeusedwithaCone/Plateinstrument.AguardlegissuppliedwithallLVandRVseriesinstruments,butnotwiththeHAorHBseries.It’sshape(showninFigureF-1andF-2)isdesignedtoaccommodatethespindlesoftheappropriatespindleset;therefore,theRVguardlegiswiderthantheLVduetothelargediameteroftheRV#2spindle.Theyarenotinterchangeable.

ThecalibrationoftheBrookfieldViscometer/Rheometerisdeterminedusinga600mLLowFormGriffinBeaker.ThecalibrationofLVandRVseriesinstrumentsincludestheguardleg.Thebeakerwall(forHA/HBinstruments)ortheguardleg(forLV/RVinstruments)definewhatiscalledthe“outerboundary”ofthemeasurement.ThespindlefactorsfortheLV,RV,andHA/HBspindlesweredevelopedwiththeaboveboundaryconditions.Thespindlefactorsareusedtoconverttheinstrumenttorque(expressedasthedialreadingor%Torquevalue)intocentipoise.Theoretically,ifmeasurementsaremadewithdifferentboundaryconditions,e.g.,withouttheguardlegorinacontainerotherthan600mLbeaker,thenthespindlefactorsfoundontheFactorFindercannotbeusedtoaccuratelycalculateanabsoluteviscosity.Changingtheboundaryconditionsdoesnotchangetheviscosityofthefluid,butitdoeschangehowtheinstrumenttorqueisconvertedtocentipoise.Withoutchangingthespindlefactortosuitthenewboundaryconditions,thecalculationfrominstrumenttorquetoviscositywillbeincorrect.

Practicallyspeaking,theguardleghasthegreatesteffectwhenusedwiththe#1&#2spindlesoftheLVandRVspindlesets(Note:RV/HA/HB#1spindleisnotincludedinstandardspindleset).AnyotherLV(#3&#4)orRV(#3-#7)spindlecanbeusedina600mLbeakerwithorwithouttheguardlegtoproducecorrectresults.TheHAandHBseriesViscometers/Rheometersarenotsuppliedwithguardlegsinordertoreducethepotentialproblemswhenmeasuringhighviscositymaterials.HA/HBspindles#3through#7areidenticaltothosespindlenumbersintheRVspindleset.TheHA/HB#1&#2haveslightlydifferentdimensionsthanthecorrespondingRVspindles. ThisdimensionaldifferenceallowsthefactorsbetweentheRVandHA/HB#1&#2spindlestofollowthesameratiosastheinstrumenttorqueeventhoughtheboundaryconditionsaredifferent.

Therecommendedproceduresofusinga600mLbeakerandtheguardlegaredifficultforsomecustomerstofollow.Theguardlegisonemoreitemtoclean.Insomeapplicationsthe500mLoftestfluidrequiredtoimmersethespindlesina600mLbeakerisnotavailable.Inpractice,asmallervesselmaybeusedandtheguardlegisremoved.TheBrookfieldViscometer/Rheometerwillproduceanaccurateandrepeatabletorquereadingunderanymeasurementcircumstance.However,theconversionofthistorquereadingtocentipoisewillonlybecorrectifthefactorusedwasdevelopedforthosespecificconditions.Brookfieldhasoutlinedamethodforre-calibratingaBrookfieldViscometer/RheometertoanymeasurementcircumstanceinMoreSolutionstoStickyProblems.Itisimportanttonotethatformanyrheometerusers,thetrueviscosityisnotasimportantasarepeatabledaytodayvalue.Thisrepeatablevaluecanbeobtainedwithoutanyspecialeffortforanymeasurementcircumstance.But,it


shouldbeknownthatthistypeoftorquereadingwillnotconvertintoacorrectcentipoisevaluewhenusingaBrookfieldfactoriftheboundaryconditionsarenotthosespecifiedbyBrookfield.

The guard leg is a part of the calibration check of theBrookfield LV andRV seriesViscometer/Rheometer.Ourcustomersshouldbeawareofitsexistence,itspurposeandtheeffectthatitmayhaveondata.Withthisknowledge,therheometerusermaymakemodificationstotherecommendedmethodofoperationtosuittheirneeds.

4 11/16

1 7/163 3/16

5 9/32

B-21YGuardLeg

ForRVTorque

B-20YGuardLeg

ForLVTorque

Figure F-1 - Brookfield Guard Leg

B-21KYGuardLeg

ForRVTorque

B-20KYGuardLeg

ForLVTorque

5 7/8 5 5/32

3 3/16 1 7/16

Figure F-2 - Brookfield EZ-Lock Guard Leg


Appendix G - Speed Selection

BrookfieldRheometersofferavarietyofspeedstoprovideforawiderangeofviscositymeasurementcapabilities.BrookfieldhastraditionallysuppliedadefinedsetofspeedswithspecificTorqueranges:

LV 0.3,0.6,1.5,3.0,6.0,12,30,60RV 0.5,1.0,2.0,2.5,4.0,5.0,10,20,50,100

TheDV3TandearlierBrookfieldDV-IIISeriesRheometersofferadditionalspeedstoenhancemeasurementcapabilities.TheDV3Toffersspeedsfrom0.01-250RPMwithtwooptionsforspeedselection:numerickeypadfordirectentry;ScrollList.TheusercanchoosefromthesetwoentryoptionsbyusingtheNavigationBar(seeSectionIV.3:GlobalSettings).TheScrollLististheformatusedwithpreviousversionsoftheDV-IIIrheometer.YoumaychoosetheScrollListtoprovidetherheometeruserwithafamiliarmethodforspeedselection.TheScrollListcanbecustomizedtolimittheavailablespeedsandtoaddnewspeedstothelistofstandardspeeds.


Appendix H - Laboratory Stands

ModelGisthestandardlaboratorystandwhichcomeswiththeDV3TRheometer.

Item Part No. Description Qty1 VS-CRA-14S UprightRodandClampAssembly 1

VS-CRA-18S UprightRodandClampAssembly Optional2 GV-1201 Base,includes2GV-1203levelingscrews 13 GV-1203 Leveling Screws available separately or in assembly above 24 502028071S33B FlatWasher5/16X7/8X.071 15 50S311832S01B Screw,5/16-18X1”HexHead 1

1

2

3

4

5

Figure H-1: Model G Laboratory Stand


ModelQisanoptionallaboratorystandwhichcanbeorderedforusewiththeDV3TRheometer.Theadvantageistherapidspeedofmovementforloweringandraisingtherheometerhead.

Actuation lever forup/down movement

Item Part No. Description Qty1 VSQA-001Y UprightRodandClampAssembly 12 GV-1201 Base,includes2GV-1203levelingscrews 13 GV-1203 Leveling Screws available separately or in assembly above 24 502028071S33B FlatWasher5/16X7/8X.071 15 50S311832S01B Screw,5/16-18X1”HexHead 1

1

23

4

5

Figure H-2: Model Q Laboratory Stand


Unpacking

Checkcarefullytoseethatallthecomponentsarereceivedwithnoconcealeddamage.

1 Base,GV-1201,with2LevelingScrews,GV-1203,packedinacardboardcarton1 UprightRodwithattachedClampAssemblyintheinstrumentcase

Assembly (Refer to Figures H-1 or H-2)

1. Removethebaseassemblyfromthecarton.2. Removethescrewandwasherfromtheuprightrod.Placetherodandclampassemblyinto

theholeinthetopofthebase.

Note: The “Front” designation on the clamp assembly should face toward you.

3. Rotatetherod/clampassemblyslightlyuntiltheslotonthebottomoftherodintersectsthepinlocatedinthebase.

4. Whileholdingtherodandbasetogether,inserttheslottedscrewandwasherasshownandtightensecurely.

5. Adjustthetensionscrewsothattheclampassemblyisnotlooseontheuprightrod.

Rheometer Mounting

InserttheRheometermountingrodintothehole(withthecut-awayslot)intheclampassembly.Adjusttheinstrumentleveluntilthebubbleiscenteredfromrighttoleftandtightentheclampknob(clockwise).Usethelevelingscrewsto“fine”adjusttherheometerlevel.

Note: IftheDigitalRheometercannotbeleveled,checktoinsurethattherodisinstalledwiththegearrackfacingforward.

Caution: Do not tighten the clamp knob unless the rheometer mounting rod is inserted in the clamp assembly.

Caution: Do not use the DV3T Rheometer with any laboratory stand that does not utilize the GV-1201 base. This large base is necessary for stability of the DV3T Rheometer during use. Earlier versions of the BrookfieldLaboratoryStandincludingtheModelAandModelSshould not be used with the DV3T.

Operation

RotatetheUP/DOWNknobtoraiseorlowertherheometer.AdjustthetensionscrewiftheUP/DOWNmovementoftherheometerheadisnotacceptable,i.e.tooeasyortoodifficult.


Appendix I - DVE-50A Probe Clip

ProbeClipDVE-50AissuppliedwithallmodelDV3TRheometers,DV-IIIRheometers,andDigitalTemperatureIndicators.ItisusedtoattachtheRTDtemperatureprobetotheLVGuardLeg(PartNo.B-20Y)or600mLlowformGriffinbeaker.FigureI-1isaviewoftheProbeClip,showingtheholeintowhichtheRTDprobeisinserted,andtheslotwhichfitsontotheLVguardleg.WheninsertingtheRTDprobeintotheProbeClip,theupperpartoftheClipiscompressedbysqueezingthepointsshowninFigureI-1.

Note: AllViscometer/Rheometermodels—exceptLV—usetheProbeClipasshowninFigureI-3.

RTD ProbeHole

Squeeze Here when installing RTD

Temperature probe

Figure I-1

Figure I-2shows theProbeClip (withRTDtemperatureprobe installed)mountedon theLVguard leg.

FigureI-3showstheProbeClipmountedina600mLlowformGriffinbeaker.ThismountingmaybeusedwithLV,RV,HAandHBseriesinstruments.

Caution: Temperature probe must not contact the spindle duringmeasurement.

Note: TheRTDprobemustbeparalleltothebeakerwallsoasnottointerferewiththeviscositymeasurement.

Figure I-2 Figure I-3

Brookfield 600 mL Low FormGriffin Beaker

DVE–50Probe Clip

RTD Temperature ProbeLV Guard LegAssembly B-20KY

Probe ClipDVE-50R TD Temperatur e

Probe


Appendix J - Fault Diagnosis and Troubleshooting

ListedaresomeofthemorecommonproblemsthatyoumayencounterwhileusingyourRheometer.

❏ Spindle Does Not Rotate ✓Makesuretherheometerispluggedin. ✓Checkthevoltageratingonyourrheometer(115,220V);itmustmatchthewallvoltage. ✓MakesurethemotorisONandthedesiredrpmisselected.

❏ Spindle Wobbles When Rotating or Looks Bent ✓Makesurethespindleistightenedsecurelytotherheometercoupling. ✓Checkthestraightnessofallotherspindles;replaceifbent. ✓ Inspectrheometercouplingandspindlecouplingmatingareasandthreadsfordirt;cleanthreads

onspindlecouplingwitha3/56left-handtap.

✓ Inspectthreadsforwear;ifthethreadsareworn,theunitneedsservice(seeAppendixM).Checktoseeifspindlesrotateeccentricallyorwobble.Thereisanallowablerunoutof1/32-inchineachdirection(1/16-inchtotal)whenmeasuredfromthebottomofthespindlerotatinginair.

✓Checktoseeiftherheometercouplingappearsbent;ifso,theunitisinneedofservice(seeAppendixM:WarrantyRepairandService).

❏ Inaccurate Readings ✓Verifyspindle,speedandmodelselection. ✓VerifyspindleselectioniscorrectonDV3T.

✓ If%readingsareunder-range(lessthan10%),thedisplaywillflash;changespindle and/or speed.

✓ “EEEE”onthedigitaldisplaymeanstheunitisover-range(greaterthan100%);reducespeedand/orchangespindle.

✓ Verifytestparameters:temperature,container,volume,method.Referto: • “MoreSolutionstoStickyProblems”,SectionIII • “DV3TRheometerOperatingInstructions”,AppendixC:VariablesinViscosityMeasurements

✓Performacalibrationcheck;followtheinstructionsinAppendixE. ✓Verifytolerancesarecalculatedcorrectly. ✓Verifythecalibrationcheckprocedureswerefollowedexactly.

Iftheunitisfoundtobeoutoftolerance,theunitmaybeinneedofservice.SeeAppendixMfordetailsonWarrantyRepairandService.


❏ Rheometer Will Not Return to Zero ✓ Rheometerisnotlevel • Checkwithspindleoutofthesample. • Adjustthelaboratorystand.

✓ Pivotpointorjewelbearingfaulty • PerformanOscillationCheck*

✓RemovethespindleandturnthemotorOFF;selectdisplayto%torquemode.✓ Gentlypushupontherheometercoupling.✓ Turnthecouplinguntilthedigitaldisplayreads10-15onthe%display.✓ Gentlyletgoofthecoupling.✓ Watchthedigitaldisplay;youshouldseea“run”ofnumbersnexttothe%;the“run”ofnumbersshouldultimatelystopat0.0(+/-0.1).

IfthedigitaldisplaydoesnotreturntoZERO,theunitmostlikelyisinneedofservice.

• Performcalibrationcheck(seeAppendixE). • ContactBrookfieldEngineeringLaboratories,Inc.oryourBrookfielddealerforrepair(see

AppendixM).

*Thisproceduredoesnotapplytoinstrumentswithballbearingsuspension(seeSectionI.3).

❏ Display Reading Will Not Stabilize

✓ Specialcharacteristicofsamplefluid.Thereisnoproblemwiththerheometer. • RefertoAppendixC.

✓ Checkforerraticspindlerotation. • Verifypowersupply • ContactBrookfieldEngineeringLaboratories,Inc.oryourBrookfielddealerforrepair.

✓ Bent spindle or spindle coupling. • ContactBrookfieldEngineeringLaboratories,Inc.oryourBrookfielddealerforrepair.

✓ Temperaturefluctuationinsamplefluid. • Usetemperaturebathforcontrol.


Appendix K - Instrument Dimensions


Appendix L - Online Help and Additional Resources

www.brookfieldengineering.com**The Brookfield website is a good resource for additional and self-help whenever you need it. Our website offers a selection of “how-to” videos, application notes, conversion tables, instructional manuals, material safety data sheets, calibration templates and other technical resources.

http://www.youtube.com/user/BrookfieldEngBrookfield has its own YouTube channel. Videos posted to our website can be found here as well as other “home-made” videos made by our own technical sales group.

ViscosityJournal.comBrookfield is involved with a satellite website that should be your first stop in viscosity research. This site serves as a library of interviews with experts in the viscosity field as well as Brookfield technical articles and conversion charts. Registration is required, so that you can be notified of upcoming interviews and events, however, this information will not be shared with other vendors, institutions, etc..

Article Reprints - Available in Print Only - Brookfield has an extensive library of published articles relating to viscosity, texture and

powder testing. Due to copyright restrictions, these articles cannot be emailed. Please request your hardcopy of articles by calling our customer service department directly or by emailing: [email protected].

- Available Online - Brookfield has a growing number of published articles that can be downloaded directly from

the Brookfield website. These articles can be found on our main site by following this path: http://www.brookfieldengineering.com/support/documentation/article reprints.

More Solutions to Sticky ProblemsLearn more about viscosity and rheology with our most popular publication. This informative booklet will provide you with measurement techniques, advice and much more. It’s a must-have for any Brookfield Viscometer or Rheometer operator. More Solutions is available in print and also as a downloadable PDF on the Brookfield website by following this path: http://www.brookfieldengineering.com/support/documentation.

Training/CoursesWhether it is instrument-specific courses, training to help you better prepare for auditing concerns, or just a better understanding of your methods, who better to learn from than the worldwide leaders of viscosity measuring equipment? Visit our Services section on our website to learn more about training.

** Downloads will require you to register your name, company and email address. We respect your privacy and will not share this information outside of Brookfield.


Appendix M - Warranty Repair and Service

Warranty

BrookfieldViscometers/Rheometersareguaranteedforoneyearfromdateofpurchaseagainstdefectsinmaterialsandworkmanship.TheyarecertifiedagainstprimaryviscositystandardstraceabletotheNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(N.I.S.T.).TheRheometermustbe returned to BrookfieldEngineeringLaboratories,Inc.ortheBrookfielddealerfromwhomitwaspurchasedfornochargewarrantyservice.Transportationisatthepurchaser’sexpense.TheRheometershouldbeshippedinitscarryingcasetogetherwithallspindlesoriginallyprovidedwiththeinstrument.IfreturningtoBrookfieldpleasecontactusforareturnauthorizationnumberpriortoshipping.

ForacopyoftheRepairReturnForm,gototheBrookfieldwebsite, www.brookfieldengineering.com

ForrepairorserviceintheUnited States return to:BrookfieldEngineeringLaboratories,Inc.

11 Commerce BoulevardMiddleboro,MA02346U.S.A.

Telephone:(508)946-6200FAX:(508)946-6262www.brookfieldengineering.com

ForrepairorserviceoutsidetheUnitedStates,consultBrookfieldEngineeringLaboratories,Inc.orthedealerfromwhomyoupurchasedtheinstrument.

ForrepairorserviceintheUnited Kingdom return to:BrookfieldViscometersLimitedBrookfieldTechnicalCentre

Stadium Way Harlow,EssexCM195GX,England

Telephone:(44)1279/451774FAX:(44)1279/451775www.brookfield.co.uk

For repair or service in Germany return to:BrookfieldEngineeringLaboratoriesVertriebsGmbH

Hauptstrasse 18D-73547Lorch,Germany

Telephone:(49)7172/927100FAX:(49)7172/927105www.brookfield-gmbh.de

For repair or service in China return to:GuangzhouBrookfieldViscometersandTextureInstrumentsServiceCompanyLtd.

Suite905,SouthTower,XindachengPlaza193GuangzhouDaDaoBei,YuexiuDistrict

Guangzhou,510075P.R.ChinaTelephone:(86)20/3760-0548FAX:(86)20/3760-0548

www.brookfield.com.cn

On-site service at your facility is also available from Brookfield. Please contact our Service Department in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany or China for details.

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