brochure tecnico jun-ing
DESCRIPTION
EASTERN CORDILERA WESTERN CORDILERA GUAPORE SHIELD BENI • Cochabamba MADRE DE DIOS • Santa Cruz SGM • Trinidad • La Paz SSM CPQ SAD • Sucre • Cobija VLQ BYA • Tarija • Potosí 84 57 60 58 17 IVG 48 TUI • Oruro ISB LJY 1 5TRANSCRIPT
GeologicalFramework
Bolivia is composed by eleven geologic provinces. The provinces of oil interests relate to: Madre de Dios Basin, Beni Plain, Chaco Plain, Northern Subandean, Southern Subandean, Foothills and Altiplano.The existences of abundant seeps, good sources, reservoirs, and seals as well as significant structural deformation, have undoubtedly created numerous traps. Stratigraphic units have given evidences of hydrocarbons production from the top levels of the upper Silurian to lower Tertiary (Upper Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian-Triassic, Cretaceous and lower Tertiary).
The sequences as a whole are promissory, depending on the location and/or coincidences of basins. Bolivia production history combined with geological terms is propitious to invest in. The information presented in this brochure is intended to provide private companies and institutions, a general overview of exploration potential in Bolivia. As such, it represents a portion of an integrated e�ort by YPFB to encourage and enhance exploration opportunities within Bolivia.
• Trinidad
• Cochabamba
• Santa Cruz
• Sucre
• Tarija
• Potosí
• Oruro
• La Paz
• Cobija
BRAZIL
BRAZIL
PERÚ
CHILE
ARGENTINA
PARAGUAY
MADRE DE DIOS
GUAPORE SHIELD
CHACOSUBANDEAN
ALTIPLANO
BENI
EASTERNCORDILERA
WESTERNCORDILERA
TUI
BYA
ISB
IVG
VLRSNT
SSM
SAD
LJY
CPQ
SGM
VLQ
157
60
58
63 8564
5
17
18 12
84
2779
48
Potencial of BoliviaHydrocarbon
This zone coincides with the geological province of the same name and foreland basin Madre de Dios, which is the eastern extension of its Peruvian counterpart.In the southern part, is separated from the exploration area Beni by Alto de Madidi.It comprises an area of 69,000 km2. There are important studies of aeromagnetic, geochemical and seismic surveying. The network seismic lines cover 60% of the area. Four structures (five wells) have been drilled, they had good hydrocarbon evidence (31 º API), in the Upper Devonian (Tomachi Formation) and Lower Carboniferous (Toregua Formation), according to the results of Pando-X1.Morphologically this zone corresponds to an exploratory low-lying alluvial plain and structurally is characterized by northwest-southeast regional slope, generated by moderate distensive fault reactivation in the pre-Andean basement.
Through seismic stratigraphic interpretation in Madre de Dios, is inferred the presence of reef and stratigraphic traps.The stratigraphic sequences prevailing in this area, includes Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Cretaceous, Paleogene and Neogene systems. The Ordovician-Neogene sequence mentioned, represents a wedge from the western sector, overlaping the basement, towards the basin edge and erosion at di�erent levels.The characteristics of a closed basin in three directions and, gentle tectonism, added to a good development of stratigraphic sequence, define this area as favorable for hydrocarbon exploration.
2D Seismic and Wells
Cross Section Madre de DiosGeneral Stratigraphy Madre de Dios
Madre de Dios Basin
TUTUMO
CHARQUI
QUENDEQUE
MIO
CE
NE
OLIG. BALA
FLORA
BOPI
TEQUEJE
ESLABON
SUP.
PE
RM
IAN
TOMACHI
CA
RB
ON
IFE
RO
US
RE
TAM
A
COPACABANA
KAKA
TOREGUA
LOW
ER
UPPER
BEU
MA
AS
TRIC
H
CR
ET.
JU
RA
S.
UPPER
LOW
ER
UPPER
TARENE
OR
DO
VIC
.
ENADERE
SIL.
DE
VO
NIA
N
MED.
LOWER
SUP.
>250
>1400
>850
>200
>80
>500
>200
>600
>200
>500
>350
>750
>400
>400
>100
NE
OG
EN
E
PG
.
PLIOC.
!"
AGE FORMATION THICK.m.
LITOLOGY SOURCEROCK
RESERVOIR
Basament
Ordoviacian
Devonian
PermianCretaceous
Terciary
D D’
Pand
o-X1
Los
Am
igos
-2
Puer
to P
rimo-
2
Perú Bolivia
Sea LevelMobil MobilYPFB
REFERENCES
Towns
Wells
Seismic Lines
Madre de Dios Blocks
Reserved Blocks YPFB
Boundaries
Capitals
Cross Section Boomerang - Llanura Beniana
General Stratigraphy Boomerang - Llanura Beniana
Boomerang - Beni Plain
Litoral and El Chore Blocks belongs to Beni plain. Nevertheless, its stratigraphy is related and also encompasses the region of Boomerang Hills. Seismic sections in the southern portion of Beni, extends north from the Boomerang Hills to the Eva Eva thrust, exhibit pronounced thrusted structures lying beneath a prominent unconformity.It is a�ected by an ancient orogenic front (Paleozoic) along the Andean orogenic front (Miocene-Pliocene) of "Boomerang Hills." It is characterized by the transfer area of Boomerang-Chapare, is interpreted as an oblique ramp, which structure has been controlled by the northern edge of the Paleozoic sedimentary wedge, oblique in relation to regional direction of shortening.Most of the structures in Llanura Beniana are defined as minor anticlinal folds, oriented indirection that varies slightly between northwest-southeast and west-east. Originated during Andean orogeny.Source rock shales located in the deepest basin parts, are constitute by Silurian shales from
Formation El Carmen as well as Devonian Roboré Formation, they have a (1-3%) TOC, however are thermally mature > (0.7% Ro). The Devonian sandstones (Limoncito), Cretaceous (Cajones) and Tertiary (Petaca) have high porosity and permeability, therefore are suitable to be good reservoir rocks. Devonian and Tertiary (Yecua Formation) shales constitute good seals. Towards the basin edge, is possible that normal faults may act similar to e�ective seals, putting together Devonian sandstones with finer sediments. The Devonian sandstones (Limoncito), Cretaceous (Cajones) and Tertiary (Petaca) have high porosity and permeability, therefore are suitable to be good reservoir rocks. As the basin corresponds to a Foreland type, the main traps are: stratigraphic / structural or combined.
2D Seismic and Wells
TARIQUIA
YECUA
MIO
CE
NE
PETACA
OLIG. UPP.
LOW.
MA
AS
TRIC
H
CR
ET.
JU
RA
SS
IC
UPP.
SIL
UR
IAN
D
EV
ON
IAN
LOW
ER
NE
ÓG
EN
E
PALE
Ó
GE
NO
AGE FORMATION
CAJONES
YANTATA
ICHOA
NOT DEFINEDWESTP.
IQUIRI
MED.
KIRUSILLAS LUD
LOV
N.
SAN BENITO
1800-3000
250 - 400
70 - 200
100 - 200
5 - 150
200 - 300
50 - 100
700 - 1100
480
350
300-600
N/D
Thk (m) FORMATION SOURCEROCK
RESERVOIR
EL CARMEN
OR
DO
V.
CA
RB
ON
IF.
SEAL
LIMONCITO
ROBORE
300-600
CANCAÑIRI 0-30
BASEMENT
REFERENCES
Towns
Wells
Seismic Lines
Beni Plain Blocks
Reserved Blocks YPFB
Boundaries
Capitals
Southern Subandean
The Southern Subandean zone has 73 630.87 km2, extends to south Rio Grande, and is surrounded for the Eastern Cordillera (tectonic and geomorphologic boundary). The drainage is controlled for steep flanks, sinclinal valleys and old rivers (Río Grande, Parapeti, Pilcomayo and Bermejo).This zone has several geological prospection jobs of surface, seismic and subsoil. The north part highlights for its favorable geological conditions and Ituyuro structural lineament (Camiri field).Morphologically this zone is part of subandean belt with hills (elevations of 1000-2000m) associated to asymmetric folds, all sequence was deformed, folded and greatly a�ected by Andean Orogeny. The anticlines change of highly compressed to slightly compressed in Miocene-Pliocene age. In the same way the structures are open in Carboniferous lower and Devonian upper.The stratigraphic sequence with high potential covers the systems Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Paleogene and Neogene. About the Petroleum Potential, this zone covers basin west of Silurian-Devonian age where Devonian shales were principal source rocks in the Miocene and Pliocene age (including shales formation sand).
These shales present a big organic matter portion, with TCO content of 0.5% and > 1.5%.During Devonian sedimentation the Icla and Los Monos formations alternated with progradation episodes of deltas related to sand formations (Santa Rosa, Huamampampa e iquiri). These formations present moderate to good secondary porosity. The Huamampampa formation contain depth potential reservoir Tha Devonian reservoirs have porosities between 8% y 14% and the clays intercalate are good seals rocks.
2D Seismic and Wells
General Stratigraphy Southern SubandeanSouthern Subandean – Cross Section
ORDV. > 1000
EMBOROZU
GUANDACAY
MIO
CE
NE
PETACA
MA
CH
AR
ETI
OLIG. UPP.
TAIGUATI
CA
RB
ON
IFE
RO
US
MA
ND
IY.
JURS.
UPP.
SIL
UR
.
ICLA
SANTA ROSA
DE
VO
NIA
N
LOW
ER
> 1.000
> 1.000
500
600
NE
OG
EN
E
PG
. 300
ICHOA
CASTELLON
TAPECUA > 50
VITIACUA 180
PE
RM
.
SAN TELMO 200
CANGAPI
CHORRO
250
ESCARPMENT > 500
TARIJA
TUPAMBI ITACUA
> 300
> 800
> 200 200
TOU
RN
AIS
IAN
- V
ISE
AN
IQUIRI
MED. LOS MONOS
HUAMAMPAMPA
LLAND.
TARABUCO
KIRUSILLAS LUD
LV.
> 1.500
TARIQUIA
YECUA 200
300
UP
PE
R
MED. BASALTO ENTRE RIOS
LOW IPAGUAZU
TRIA
SS
IC
260 UPP.LOW.
WESTP. STEPH.
200
ITACUAMI 100
> 400
600
> 600
600
600 > 600
> 700 CANCAÑIRI > 50
TAC
UR
U
ORDV.
AGE FORMATION THICK.m.
LITOLOGY SOURCEROCK
RESERVOIR
0 20
PRP-X1MGD-X1HUACARETA
CAM-X1IÑA-X1INCAHUASI CAIPIPENDI
W E
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
Upper Paleogene - Neogene
Carboniferous - Jurassic
Devonian
Silurian
Leyend1
2
3
4
About the petroleum potential, this zone extends in southern Silurian-Devonian marine basin, where Devonian finer sediments formations and shales intercalated, were principal sources hydrocarbon in Miocene and Pliocene age. These shales present low organic contain (< 0.5%) to moderate (0.5% - 1%), these parameter is enhanced for its big thickness and large extension.
Foothills
The Foothills basin has 33 794.97 km2, is limited for Southern Subandean and Chaco plains, presenting tectonic and geomorphologic contact.This zone has high petroleum relevance, so it has several studies (geological, geophysics, subsoil and geochemical). From the standpoint exploratory this basin is considered as mature zone. In the same way, it was found 22 potential structures were drilled with good production result. The basin presents lower hills, with lower tectonic deformation correspondent the last Andean Orogen. Where there are amplitude structures fault with lower dip slip forming structural tramps open in Neogene .Morphologically the north part corresponds to plain same the Chaco Plain, are di�erent subsoil tectonic characteristic.The stratigraphic sequence consists of Silurian, Devonian, Permian, Jurassic, Triassic, Paleogene and Neogene sediments.
General Stratigraphy Foothills
2D Seismic and Wells
Foothills - Cross Section
ORDV. > 1000
EMBOROZU
GUANDACAY
MIO
CE
NE
PETACA
MA
CH
AR
ETI
OLIG. UPP.
TAIGUATI
CA
RB
ON
IFE
RO
US
MA
ND
IY.
JURS.
UPP.
SIL
UR
.
ICLA
SANTA ROSA
DE
VO
NIA
N
LOW
ER
> 1.000
> 1.000
500
600
NE
OG
EN
E
PG
. 300
ICHOA
CASTELLON
TAPECUA > 50
VITIACUA 180
PE
RM
.
SAN TELMO 200
CANGAPI
CHORRO
250
ESCARPMENT > 500
TARIJA
TUPAMBI ITACUA
> 300
> 800
> 200 200
TOU
RN
AIS
IAN
- V
ISE
AN
IQUIRI
MED. LOS MONOS
HUAMAMPAMPA
LLAND.
TARABUCO
KIRUSILLAS LUD
LV.
> 1.500
TARIQUIA YECUA
200
300
UP
PE
R
MED. BASALTO ENTRE RIOS
LOW IPAGUAZU
TRIA
SS
IC
260 UPP.LOW.
WESTP. STEPH.
200
ITACUAMI 100
> 400
600
> 600
600
600 > 600
> 700 CANCAÑIRI > 50
TAC
UR
U
ORDV.
AGE FORMATION THICK.m.
LITOLOGY SOURCEROCK
RESERVOIRVGR-X1
ESipuati Lineament
Carandaiti - SimbolarLineament
Bordo-AltoLineamentCaipipendi FaultW
0 10 Km
1
2
4
3
5
Upper Paleogene - Neogene
Triassic - Jurassic
Carboniferous - Permian
Silurian - Devonian
Ordovician
Leyend1
2
3
4
5
Altiplano
The Bolivian Altiplano is an extensive exploratory play located between the Eastern and Western Cordilleres. It has an extension of 60.000 km2. Since 1960, both YPFB and private companies carried out a great deal of exploratory activity related to the geology, geophysics, geochemistry, and exploratory drilling. The latter refers to eight scattered drilled wells in the whole region, which provided valuable information to make a better evaluation of the region’s hydrocarbon system parameters. Structurally, the Altiplano can be divided lengthwise into two parts: the eastern and western parts. The former features Neogene hemigrabens formed along the N-S trend transcurrent sinistral faults that formed structures by tectonic inversion during the Andean compression, with good structural conditions for entrapment.The stratigraphic sequence comprises the Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Cretaceous, Paleogene and Neogene (the Devonian-Triassic in the Titicaca lake zone). The Cretaceous is well developed and exposed to the west and south of the Poopó Lake. For the continental and Jurassic-Cretaceous-Paleocene marine sequence, in the whole area, a complex tectonic-stratigraphic model is defined, including the development of rift systems bedded over old extensional or shear faults.
The presence of source rock in the western part of the area is uncertain. Meanwhile, good source rocks have been determined to be present in the El Molino Formation (TOC 2%.) and Chaunaca Formation (TOC 2.8 % and thickness of 2.5 m). During the Neogene, the Cretaceous source rocks were at di�erent stades within the oil window. In the above-mentioned stratigraphic sequences, there are plenty reservoir and seal rocks. Cretaceous- Cenozoic reservoir rocks have good porosities among 3% to 26%. The exploratory potential of the Pampa Colorada zone is incremented by good structural conditions of the anticlines, with the complete development of the cretaceous targets in medium depths. Although this region is not currently productive, there are two important references of associated productions, such as the depleted oil field of Pirín, in the Peruvian part of Lake Titicaca, and others in northern Argentina, where the Yacoraite Formation, equivalent to the Cretaceous El Molino Formation is the producer. These references maintain the exploratory interest in the area.
2D Seismic and Wells
General Stratigraphy Altiplano
Altiplano - Cross Section
10 Km.
OLLERIA
VLQ-X1
INES1
2
34
6
1
55
4
3
W E
2
3
1 4
5
LeyendMiocene - Pliocene
Silurian-DevonianCretaceous
Oligocene - MioceneEocene - Oligocene 6 Cambrian -Ordovician
AGE FORMATION THICK.m.
LITOLOGY SOURCEROCK
RESERVOIR
POTOCO
OLI
GC
.
SANTA LUCIA
MAURI / LOS FRAILES
NE
OG
N.
U P
P E
R
200 - 500
MIO
CN
.
EL MOLINO
10 - 100
DE
VO
N.
TARAPAYA
CONDO
P A
L E
O G
E N
E
> 100
10 - 200
EO
CE
NE
SIL
UR
IAN
O
RD
. N
OT
DE
F.C
R E
T A
C E
O U
S
LOW
ER
250 - 1.000
SU
P.
CAYARA
500 - 2.800
150 - 500
200 PALC.
CHAUNACA
300
350
300
AROIFILLA
MIRAFLORES
LOW
ER
> 900
LLA
ND
OV.
LU
DLO
VN
.
S. VICENTE-TAMBILLO
BELEN
ICLA
VILA VILA
NOT DEFINED
NOT DEFINED
SEAL
100
200
>100
>400
BENI
CHACO
ALTIPLANO
MADRE DE DIOS
SUBANDINO SUR
PIE DE MONTE
SUBANDINONORTE
PANTANAL
BENI
SANTA CRUZ
LA PAZ
POTOSI
PANDO
ORURO
TARIJA
CHUQUISACA
COCHABAMBA
Seismic InformationBOLIVIA
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000
-360
0-3
200
-280
0-2
400
-200
0-1
600
-120
0-8
00-4
00
-3600-3200
-2800-2400
-2000-1600
-1200-800
-400
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000m
1:25600
SAN VICENTE
POTOCOEL MOLINO
RIFT
PRE-RIFT BASEMENT
FOREDEEP
TRANSITION
4000 8000 12000 16000 20000 24000 28000 32000 36000 40000 44000 48000 52000 56000 60000 64000
4000 8000 12000 16000 20000 24000 28000 32000 36000 40000 44000 48000 52000 56000 60000 64000
-480
0-4
000
-320
0-2
400
-160
0-8
00
-4800-4000
-3200-2400
-1600-800
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000m
1:50000
PETACA
CAJONESYANTATA
ICHOA
SILURIAN-ORDOVICIAN
CAMBRIAN
BASEMENT
YECUA
Pando-X1400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4600 4800 5000 5200 5400 5600 5800 6000 6200 6400 6600 6800 7000 7200 7400 7600 7800 8000 8200 8400 8600 8800 9000 9200 9400 9600 9800 10000 10200 10400 10600 10800 11000 11200 11400 11600 11800 12000 12200 12400 12600 12800 13000 13200 13400 13600 13800 14000 14200 14400 14600 14800 15000 15200 15400 15600 15800 16000 16200 16400 16600 16800 17000 17200
400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4600 4800 5000 5200 5400 5600 5800 6000 6200 6400 6600 6800 7000 7200 7400 7600 7800 8000 8200 8400 8600 8800 9000 9200 9400 9600 9800 10000 10200 10400 10600 10800 11000 11200 11400 11600 11800 12000 12200 12400 12600 12800 13000 13200 13400 13600 13800 14000 14200 14400 14600 14800 15000 15200 15400 15600 15800 16000 16200 16400 16600 16800 17000 17200-228
0-2
240
-220
0-2
160
-212
0-2
080
-204
0-2
000
-196
0-1
920
-188
0-1
840
-180
0-1
760
-172
0-1
680
-164
0-1
600
-156
0-1
520
-148
0-1
440
-140
0-1
360
-132
0-1
280
-124
0-1
200
-116
0-1
120
-108
0-1
040
-100
0-9
60-9
20-8
80-8
40-8
00-7
60-7
20-6
80-6
40-6
00-5
60-5
20-4
80-4
40-4
00-3
60-3
20
-2280-2240
-2200-2160
-2120-2080
-2040-2000
-1960-1920
-1880-1840
-1800-1760
-1720-1680
-1640-1600
-1560-1520
-1480-1440
-1400-1360
-1320-1280
-1240-1200
-1160-1120
-1080-1040
-1000-960
-920-880
-840-800
-760-720
-680-640
-600-560
-520-480
-440-400
-360-320
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000m
1:12534
Base K
Top Devonian
Base Upper Devonian
Basement
SW NE
4000 8000 12000 16000 20000 24000 28000 32000 36000 40000 44000 48000
4000 8000 12000 16000 20000 24000 28000 32000 36000 40000 44000 48000
-450
0-4
000
-350
0-3
000
-250
0-2
000
-150
0-1
000
-500
-4500-4000
-3500-3000
-2500-2000
-1500-1000
-500
TERTIARY
CRETACEOUS
CARBONIFEROUS
DEVONIAN
SILURIAN ORDOVICIAN
BASEMENT
TERTIARY
CARBONIFEROUS
DEVONIAN
SILURIAN ORDOVICIAN
BASEMENT
CRETACEOUS
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000 30000 32000 34000 36000 38000 40000 42000 44000 46000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000 30000 32000 34000 36000 38000 40000 42000 44000 46000
-400
0-3
600
-320
0-2
800
-240
0-2
000
-160
0-1
200
-800
-400
-4000-3600
-3200-2800
-2400-2000
-1600-1200
-800-400TERTIARY
CRETACEOUS
PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS
IQUIRI
LOS MONOS
HUAMAMPAMPA
ICLA
SANTA ROSA
SILURIAN
BASEMENT
CRETACEOUS
PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS
IQUIRI
LOS MONOS
HUAMAMPAMPA
ICLA
SILURIAN
SANTA ROSA
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