broadcast equipment - alcad electronics · 2010. 2. 16. · broadcast equipment 917 series...

B R O A D C A S T E Q U I P M E N T

917S E R I E S

T E C H N I C A L M A N U A L

Specifications subject to modifications withoutprior notice.

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Technical manual - 917 Series - 1

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1. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS1.1 Introduction1.2 AC line hazards1.3 RF hazards1.4 Risk of fire1.5 Safety standards when handling beryllium oxide ceramics1.5.1 Measures to be taken in the event of leakage or dispersion of BeO

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE TV TRANSMITTER/RE-EMITER EQUIPMENT2.1 19” Rack Cabinet 2.1.1 RK-200 Cabinet2.2 Processing of the terrestrial TV signal2.2.1 AS-326 power supply unit 2.2.2 PC-404 channel processors 2.2.3 AS-125 power supply unit2.2.4 ZP-431 Monochannel amplifiers2.3 Generation of TV signals2.3.1 FA-310 power supply unit 2.3.2 MS-901 Modulator2.4 Amplification of the TV signal 2.4.1 Power supply unit AS-125 2.4.2 Power amplifier AX-204 2.5 Multiplexing of the TV signal2.5.1 FX-400 Multiplexer 2.6 Combining and splitting the TV signal (optional)2.6.1 Hybrid combiner/splitter CX-202/CX-204 2.7 Radiating system2.7.1 AN-412 panel antenna 2.7.2 AP-369 panel antenna 2.8 Installation and electrical protection of RK-902

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE BLOCK DIAGRAMS OF THE TRANSMITTER/RE-EMITTER EQUIPMENT

4. ASSEMBLY4.1 RK-200 cabinet 4.2 Processing of the TV signal or generation of TV channels4.2.1 Installing the channel processors4.2.2 Installing the TV modulators4.3 Installing the multiplexers and connecting to the panel antennas4.4 Installing the combiner/splitter (optional) and connecting to the panel antennas4.5 Installing the panel antennas4.6 Installing the electrical panelboard and earthing the equipment

5. INSTALLATION

6. ADJUSTING THE TV TRANSMITTER/RE-EMITTER EQUIPMENT6.1 Necessary instruments6.2 Adjusting the TV Re-emitter6.3 Adjusting the TV Transmitter6.4 Programming of the PC processors and of the MS modulators 6.4.1 Description of the programmer: 905-PC Series6.4.1.1 Sending data to the PC processor6.4.1.1.1 Programming mode

CONTENTS

2 - 917 Series - Technical manual

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6.4.1.1.2 Data transmission6.4.1.1.3 Choosing the language of the PS programmer6.4.1.2 Frequency plan6.4.1.2.1 Digital channels6.4.1.2.2 Analogue channels6.4.1.3 Reading data with the PS programmer6.4.1.4 Updating the PC processor6.4.2 Description of the programmer6.4.2.1 Sending data6.4.2.1.1 Programming mode6.4.2.1.2 Transmitting data6.4.2.1.3 Selecting the output channel or frequency6.4.2.2 Copying data6.4.2.3 Reading data6.4.2.4 Adjusting the video input level

7. TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS7.1 General technical data of the complete equipment7.2 Technical data of each block of the equipment7.2.1 Channel processors7.2.2 Monochannel amplifiers7.2.3 TV Modulators7.2.4 Power amplifiers7.2.5 Multiplexer filter 7.2.6 Hybrid combiner/splitter7.2.7 Antennas

8. TROUBLE SHOOTING8.1 TV Re-emitter8.2 TV Transmitter

9. CALCULATION OF FIXED RADIO LINKS9.1 Power in antenna (PANTENNA)9.2 Effective radiated power (ERP)9.3 Attenuation in free space (α0)9.4 Field Strength (Field Strength)9.5 Range of a re-emitter (d)9.6 Fresnel ellipsoids (RF)9.7 Calculation of feedback isolation in a re-emitter (Feedback Isolation)9.8 Example of calculation of the coverage of an AM-TV transmitter9.9 Example of calculation of the isolation of a Re-emitter

10. TYPICAL CONFIGURATIONS OF THE TRANSMITTER/RE-EMITTER10.1 Re-emitter of 8 DVB-T/AM-TV channels 10.2 Transmitter of 4 DVB-T/AM-TV channels 10.3 Transmitter of 8 AM-TV channels 10.4 Re-emitter of 4 DVB-T/AM-TV channels and transmitter of 2 AM-TV channels

11. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS1.1 IntroductionThe following safety instructions must be read prior to making the installation and using the TV transmitter.

If in any doubt whatsoever regarding the installation, operation or safety requirements of the TV transmitter, contact yoursupplier.

The installation, adjustment, maintenance and repair of the TV transmitter must be performed by qualified technicianswho are familiar with the various hazards which may exist when working with this type of equipment and who therefo-re take adequate precautions for their personal safety.

These safety standards and regulations do not guarantee total protection of unqualified personnel who perform work onthe TV transmitter when it is not functioning normally.

The following safety standards must be complied with:

IEC 60364VDE 0100DIN 57100

The aim of these instructions is to define appropriate protective measures against:

- Dangerous electrical discharges- Radiofrequency burns- High temperatures, fire and other hazards- Dangerous radiations- Hazards associated with confined spaces.

Symbols used in this manual:

Risk of electric discharge Earth

1.2 AC line hazardsAny voltage greater than 30Vac is dangerous. Appropriate measures must therefore be taken to avoid any type of acci-dent when working with such high voltages. As a general rule, never work with live equipment connected to the mainssupply, except when performing specific adjustments and tuning.

To protect the TV transmitter, a differential switch and a bipolar power-surge protection device must be installed.

Before connecting the power supply units, the technician must ensure that the nominal mains voltage matches the tech-nical characteristics described in this manual.

The protective fuses, which can be easily accessed by the installer, must, if broken, be replaced while the TV transmitteris disconnected from the mains supply. The characteristics of the fuses must be the same as those shown in this manual.

1.3 RF hazardsThe user must instruct his staff on how to work with the TV transmitter so as to comply with the EN 60125 (IEC 215)standard.


If the RF lines or modules are transporting high power levels, the connection point or the whole module mustdisplay a danger warning sign.

WARNING- Do not disconnect the RF connections when the transmitter is in operation.- Before working on or opening the equipment, it must be disconnected from the mains supply.- Wait 5 minutes to ensure that the electrolytic capacitors have been discharged.

If the RF connections are disconnected while in operation, electric arcs may be produced.

These can cause burns and eye injuries.The antenna or its power supply line must also be disconnected from the outputterminals to prevent the introduction of dangerously high voltages. If this is not possible, several metallic points shouldbe earthed to establish the absence of voltage.

If it is necessary to manipulate the TV transmitter to measure voltages or power levels, this should be done as indicatedin section 5 of the present manual.

1.4 Risk of fireAny type of live electrical equipment is a potential fire hazard.

Personnel must be made familiar (through training and drills in accordance with the regulations in force in each country)with the correct procedures for extinguishing fires in electrical systems.

Preventive measures at the site or location of the TV transmitter can reduce the risk of fire and, if need be, stop the firefrom spreading, thereby limiting material damage and possible injury to personnel.

WARNING, When installing the TV transmitter, the user must ensure that no combustible material is stored nearby orlocated around, under or on top of the equipment or the mains cables. Passages to adjacent rooms must be sealed toprevent a fire from spreading.

Any fire-fighting action should be conducted using the appropriate equipment (extinguishers, breathing apparatus, etc.)even though it may be only a matter of putting out a few flames.

On contact with heat or with naked flames, the materials contained in a TV transmitter can produce toxic dusts andfumes (sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, dioxins, hydrofluoric acid and beryllium oxide).

These materials may be:- Rubber in the cables and cable-plugs- PVC in the cables- Teflon in the cables, insulating and PCBs- Beryllium oxide ceramics in the transistors and power resistors.

Generally speaking, the danger represented by toxic substances produced in small fires and in fires with combustion isequally serious.

1.5 Safety standards when handling beryllium oxide ceramicsThe parts which contain BeO ceramics do not constitute a health hazard if the proper safety standards are respected.

WARNING, Components made of BeO ceramics must not be scratched, squeezed, broken, filed, drilled, buried or sub-jected to high temperatures. BeO dust can pass through all common filtering systems, including conventional ventilationfilters. No technical procedures exist for eliminating BeO dust which has been released into the environment.

BeO dust causes chronic pulmonary illnesses (e.g. acute pneumonitis). Inhalation at high levels over a long period cancause poisoning with respiratory paralysis and death.

All parts which contain BeO ceramics are:

Model AX-204


BFQ-68BLF1822-10

1.5.1 Measures to be taken in the event of leakage or dispersion of BeOIf BeO dust has formed as the result of fracturing or any other destructive mechanical or electrical process, dampen thedust to prevent it from being dispersed and inhaled. Using a damp cloth and wearing protective gloves, carefully collector sweep up the spilled substance and put it into an unbreakable bag or container; then put this container itself insidean unbreakable, sealed and labelled receptacle and remove it to a safe place.

The unbreakable and hermetically-sealed containers must clearly display a danger sign accompanied by the warningtext:

Beryllium oxide dust

The containers must be treated as hazardous waste in accordance with the regulations in force.

For more information, please consult the site of the International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre at:

http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc13/icsc1325.htm


2. DESCRIPTION OF THE TV TRANSMITTER/RE-EMITER EQUIPMENTTransmitter/re-emitter of TV channels (DVB-T/AM-TV) in 19" Rack format, which provides a power of 2W PS (Peak Sync)for analogue signals (AM-TV) and 500mW RMS for digital signals (DVB-T), to meet the coverage requirements of smalltowns. Enables the transmission of DVB-T or AM-TV television signals in the UHF band (470 to 862 MHz) of the radio-electric spectrum and can transmit up to 8 non-adjacent channels to a distance of 2 to 5 km, depending on the numberof antennas used in the transmission.

The analogue signals can be channels captured within the radioelectric spectrum or baseband video and audio provi-ded by an individual receiver, satellite or terrestrial, modulated with an analogue modulator.

The digital signals can be channels captured within the radioelectric spectrum, converted to another channel.

Thanks to its modularity, the TV transmitter/re-emitter can be adapted to the specifications of each individual project.

2.1 19” Rack Cabinet

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Fig 1 - RK-200 cabinet and accessories

2.1.1 RK-200 Cabinet1- External chassis 2- RK-904 Ventilation system 3- MR-100 support for 19” Rack4- RK-900 combiner/splitter support (optional) 5- RK -901 lower panel for 19” Rack6- RK-902 electric panelboard7- Perforated cover through which coaxial cables can be passed to the antennas 8- Perforated cover through which cables from outside and from the mains supply can be passed9- RK-905 set of 4 wheels

2.2 Processing of the terrestrial TV signal2.2.1 AS-326 power supply unit 10- Earth connection11- Indicator that equipment is functioning correctly 12- Power output / control connector13- Fuse 14- Cable for connection to electric mains 15- Power / control cable

2.2.2 PC-404 channel processors 16- Earth connection17- F connector for signal input from the previous processor or from the antenna18- F connector for signal output to the following processor19- Infrared transmitter20- Programming indicator21- Programming mode switch22- Indicator that channel is connected / input level is correct23- Power / control connector24- Infrared receiver25- Text boxes in which to note the input and output frequencies/channels26- F connector for signal output to the monochannel amplifier ZP-43127- Upper connection bridge (38 mm)28- Isolated load to load the end of the diplexing29- Length of RG6 coaxial cable with F connectors (0.22 m)

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Fig 2- Channel processor

2.2.3 AS-125 power supply unit30- Earth connection 31- Indicator that equipment is functioning correctly 32- Power output / control connector33- Fuse34- Cable for connection to electric mains35- Power / control cable

2.2.4 ZP-431 Monochannel amplifiers36- Earth connection37- F connector for input of signal loaded with isolated load38- F connector for input of signal from the channel processor39- Indicator that preamplifiers are being powered40- Power supply switch of preamplifiers41- Output level control42- Indicator that equipment is functioning correctly 43- Power supply connector44- Text box in which to note the input/output channel45- F connector for output of signal to the power amplifier AX-20446- F connector for output of signal loaded with isolated load47- Isolated load to load the connectors 37 and 4548- Length of coaxial cable RG6 with F connectors (1.2 m)


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Fig 3 - Monochannel amplifier

2.3 Generation of TV signals2.3.1 FA-310 power supply unit 49- Earth connection 50- Indicator that equipment is functioning correctly 51- Overload indicator 52- Power output / control connector53- Cable for connection to electric mains54- Power supply /control cable

2.3.2 MS-901 Modulator55- Earth connection 56- Infrared receiver 57- Programming indicator 58- Programming switch 59- Infrared transmitter60- Indicator that channel is connected / input level is correct61- MiniDIN connector for audio and video input 62- Power supply connectors 63- Output channel level control 64- F connector for output of RF signal to the amplifier 65- Length of coaxial cable with F connectors (1.2 m)


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Fig 4 - TV modulator

2.4 Amplification of the TV signal

Fig 5 - Power amplifier

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2.4.1 Power supply unit AS-125 66- Earth connection 67- Indicator that equipment is functioning correctly 68- Power output / control connector69- Fuse 70- Cable for connection to electric mains 71- Power supply / control cable

2.4.2 Power amplifier AX-204 72- Earth connection 73- BNC connector for signal output to the FX-400 multiplexer 74- Power supply / control cable75- F connector for input of signal from the monochannel amplifier ZP-43176- Length of coaxial cable RG6 with BNC connectors (0.65 m)

2.5 Multiplexing of the TV signal2.5.1 FX-400 Multiplexer 77- Earth connection 78- BNC connectors for signal input from the power amplifiers

AX-204 79- N-type connector for signal output to the antennas or the

hybrid combiner/splitter CX-202/204 80- Length of coaxial cable with N-type connectors (500 mm)

Fig 6 - Multiplexer

2.6 Combining and splitting the TV signal (optional)2.6.1 Hybrid combiner/splitter CX-202/CX-204 81- N-type connectors for signal input from the multiplexer FX-

40082- N-type connectors for signal output to the antennas 83- Male N-type connector for crimping, 50Ω84- Coaxial cable, 50Ω 13dB/100m 862MHz

Fig 7 - Hybrid combiner/splitter

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2.7 Radiating system2.7.1 AN-412 panel antenna 85- Anchor of the antenna86- Screw-terminal connection

Fig 8 - 2000W panel antenna

2.7.2 AP-369 panel antenna 87 - Anchor of the antenna88 - Female N-type connection

Fig 9 - Panel antenna,10 W

2.8 Installation and electrical protection of RK-902 / RK-903In order to protect the TV transmitter/re-emitter, an automatic magnetothermic switch must be installed: Curve C, 6kAbreaking capacity, 1P+N, 16A nominal current.

If the differential switch is activated, it must not be cancelled. It is advised that a thorough check of the installation beperformed.

It is also recommended that bipolar protection against transitory surges be installed.

Fig 10 - Electrical panelboard

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3. DESCRIPTION OF THE BLOCK DIAGRAMS OF THE TRANSMITTER/RE-EMITTER EQUIPMENT

Fig 11 – Block diagram of the TV re-emitter

The terrestrial signal processing block, which consists of:

UHF channel processor equipment (PC-404), each module of which selects a digital or analogue channel and applies afilter (FOS) which eliminates the other channels, including those which are adjacent. Its main characteristics are:

- Selectivity 80 dB (FOS filters)- High stability in frequency- Automatic gain control (AGC)

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- Channel conversion- Input and output channels programmable either by channel or by frequency.

Adjacent monochannel amplifier equipment (ZP-431), for analogue and digital channels, which amplify and filter theoutput signal of each channel processor. Their main characteristics are:

- Gain: 40 dB- High selectivity- Reduced intermodulation- Highly stable filters- System of temperature compensation- 3-pole input filter- 3-pole output filter.

Fig 12 - Block diagram of the TV transmitter

The TV signal generation block, which consists of:

Broadband, B/G-standard modulator equipment (MS-901) which processes the baseband video and audio signalobtained from an individual receiver, terrestrial or satellite, and inserts it in a channel of the UHF band, in mono audioformat. Its main characteristics are:

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- Low level of spurious signals at output- High stability of the output frequency- Audio and video treated separately- High C/N ratio - Programming of the output channel, input audio, audio level, programming depth and V/A relation.

The common blocks of the TV transmitter/re-emitter are described below.

Amplification block, consisting of: UHF power stage equipment (AX-204) of 2W PS (Peak Sync) for analogue signals,or 500mW RMS for digital signals; the equipment amplifies the output level of the monochannel amplifier or of the mod-ulator. One amplifier is used for each channel to be transmitted in order to obtain maximum performance. The maincharacteristics are:

- High power yield, thanks to the use of class-AB LDMOS transistors- High stability of output level with temperature, thanks to the heat dissipation system- Amplification in broadband- High linearity- Ease of installation.

Signal multiplexing block, consisting of: one or two channel coupler filters (FX-400), with low losses, which combine 4channels with a separation channel (For example: C/26-28-32-34 and C/38-40-45-47), composed of:

- Filters with 4 cavities, with factory-set band pass of 8 MHz, which eliminate the intermodulations and spurious sig-nals of each channel.

- A rejection (notch) filter, with one cavity, factory set to -5.5 MHz of the video carrier, which eliminates the inter-modulation caused by the power stage in the lower adjacent channel.

As an option, it is possible to use:

A signal combining/splitting block, consisting of: a combiner/splitter with 2 inputs, for 4 + 4 amplified channels, whichin turn divide the signal into 2 outputs (CX-202) or 4 outputs (CX-204), using one output per antenna.

Note: The use of combiners/splitters dephases the signal 90° in the outputs. For the signals to be in phase when theyreach the antenna, one of the connecting cables must be approximately 1 meter longer than the other.

The radiating system block, consisting of:One or two panel antennas (AN-412 or AP-369), depending on the number of channels, when transmission in a sin-gle direction is desired (45° to 60° beam width).

The typical configuration will be:

- One antenna for every 4 channels- Two antennas for 8 channels, without combiner/splitter CX-202 (each antenna transmits 4 channels) - Two antennas for 8 channels, with combiner/splitter CX-202 (each antenna transmits 8 channels and greater direc-

tivity is obtained in the radiating system)

The radiating system block, consisting of 2 panel antennas (AN-412 or AN-412), installed:

- In line (BAY) to obtain greater directivity of the system.

Fig 13 - Radiating system installed in BAY

- In parallel with different orientation angle (FACE), to increase the beam width of the system.


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Fig 14 - Radiating system installed in FACE

Note: An increased angle of coverage entails a reduction in the distance covered when the antenna gain is reduced.


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4. ASSEMBLYThe steps which must be taken to assemble the TV transmitter/re-emitter are described below.

4.1 RK-200 cabinet 1- Before doing anything else, you have the option of attaching the set of 4

wheels in order to give the RK-200 cabinet greater mobility.

2- Remove the glass door, side covers and back cover of the RK-200 cabi-net so that you can assemble the components of the TV transmitter/re-emitter easily.

3- Install the RK-901 panel in the lower external part of the RK-200 cabi-net.

4- Install the MR-100 support for 19” Rack.

Fig 15 - MR-100 support

5- Install the ventilation system on the inside face of the upper coverof the RK-200

Fig 16 - Ventilation system of the RK-200 cabinet

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6- Install the electrical panelboard at the back, as shown in the illustra-tion.

Fig 17 - Installing the electrical panelboard

7- Connect the earth of the MR-100 frame to the earth of the locationwhere the TV transmitter/re-emitter is to be installed.

CAUTION: It is extremely important to perform Step 6 of the assemblycorrectly since it guarantees the safety of the installer.

Fig 18 - Earthing

4.2 Processing of the TV signal or generation of TV channels4.2.1 Installing the channel processors1- Install the modules which comprise the TV re-emitter in the front part of the MR-100 support as shown in Fig 19.

2- Connect the PZ-010 diplexing bridges of the PC-404 processor equipment with the RC-110 final load.

3- Connect the RC-110 loads in the ZP-431 monochannel amplifier equipment as shown in the illustration (Fig 19).

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4- Connect the LT-107 and LX-800 power cables and the LX-000, LX-001 and LX-005 connection strips between thedifferent blocks of the TV re-emitter.

Fig 19 – Frontal view of the assembly of the TV re-emitter

4.2.2 Installing the TV modulators1- Install the modules that compose the transmitter in the front part of the MR-100 support as shown in Fig 20.

2- Connect the LS-207 and LX-800 power cables and the LX-000, LX-001 and LX-005 connection strips between thedifferent blocks of the TV transmitter.

Fig 20 – Frontal view of the assembly of the TV transmitter


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Note: The miniDIN connector located on the front of the modulator has audio/video inputs. To connect the audio andvideo source, use either the stereo cable CD-003 (code 9120098) with euroconnector to miniDIN connection or themono cable CD-011 (code 9120079) with RCA to miniDIN connection.

Fig 21 - Wiring of the miniDIN connection

4.3 Installing the multiplexers and connecting to the panel antennas1- Through the back part of the MR-100, install the FX-400

multiplexers and connect the LX-001 connection strips.

2- Install the MC-414 connectors with the CL-210 coaxial cableand connect one end of the cable to the FX-400 multiplexerand the other end to the panel antennas.

Fig 22 - Back view of the assembly with FX-400

4.4 Installing the combiner/splitter (optional) and connecting to the panel antennasThe following steps are performed when installing the hybrid combiner/splitter in the TV transmitter/re-emitter,

1- Mount the CX-202 or CX-204 on this support; then install the RK-900 support in the RK-200 cabinet.

2- Connect the LX-002 connection strips joining the FX-400 multiplexers with the hybrid combiner/splitter.

3- Install the MC-414 connectors with the CL-210 coaxial cable and connect one end of the cable to the multiplexerCX-202 or CX-204 and the other end to the panel antennas.


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Fig 23 - Back view of the assembly with FX-400 and CX-202

4.5 Installing the panel antennasInstall the panel antennas at the desired heightand with the desired beam width, depending onthe area you wish to cover with the TV transmit-ter/re-emitter. Then connect the coaxial cables(CL-120) which link the multiplexers or thehybrid combiners/splitters with the antennas.

Fig 24 - Example of assembly of a radiatingpanel

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4.6 Installing the electrical panelboard and earthing the equipment Once all the RF and power connections have been made (with the equipment previously earthed as described in sec-tion 4.1 of this manual), proceed to the connection of all the power supply units and of the ventilation system.

Fig 25 - Connections of the electrical panelboard

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5. INSTALLATIONPlace the completely assembled TV transmitter/re-emitter in the chosen location and check that:

- the equipment is correctly and securely placed in its location (Make sure that the equipment does not wobble orrock. Do not position it where it is likely to be exposed to water or dust.)

- the location has an earth installed and a differential device on the main electricity line.

Disconnect the main differential from the electric mains to make the connection. Then make the RF and the electrical con-nections. Ensure that the earth of the MR-100 frame has been connected to the earth where the equipment is located.Check that the differential switch of the installation is adjusted to the characteristics of the equipment.

The mains voltage must lie within the values defined in the characteristics of the TV transmitter/re-emitter. Do not con-nect the system to a mains supply that exceeds the tolerance values of the system unless you use a voltage stabiliser.

The installation of isolating transformers or gas discharge arrestors is highly recommended for the protection of theequipment against surges in current generated by electromechanical or atmospheric causes.

It is recommended that the equipment be kept under lock and key to prevent tampering by unauthorised personnel andpossible damage to the material or injury to personnel. Keep the key to the glass door in a safe place.

Never remove the covers of the RK-200 cabinet while it is connected to the electrical mains. In the event of replacementof a module or power supply unit, the differential switch of the installation must first be disconnected. All repairs mustbe carried out by qualified technical personnel. Internal manipulation of the equipment composing the TV transmitter/re-emitter will void all guarantees.

Check the ventilation of the equipment at regular intervals. To ensure that the TV transmitter/re-emitter functions properly,periodically clean away any dust which has accumulated on the fans. The equipment is designed to operate within atemperature range of -10°C to 45°C. Any equipment working outside this temperature range may be irremediablydamaged. It is recommended that a thermometric probe or a thermometer be installed in order to check the temperatu-re inside.

Fig 26 - Range of operating temperatures

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Do not block the air outlets of the equipment. Failure to comply with this instruction will void all guarantees.

Fig 27 - Cooling the TV re-emitter

All TV transmitter/re-emitter equipment must be connected in compliance with the electrical and telecommunicationssafety norms in force in the country where the installation is being performed.

6. ADJUSTING THE TV TRANSMITTER/RE-EMITTER EQUIPMENTAdjustment can be made either in the workshop, for ease of handling, or in the place where the equipment will be locat-ed.

6.1 Necessary instruments1- Spectrum analyser or field meter. Pay particular attention to the impedances.2- Attenuator/transition of 50Ω to 75Ω, 30dB attenuation, 10 W.3- PS-003 programmer.4- TV channel generator (not necessary if the installation is performed at the place where the TV transmitter/re-emitter

is to be located).

6.2 Adjusting the TV Re-emitter

Fig 28 - Adjusting the TV re-emitter

1- Using the magnetothermal switch, disconnect the overall power supply of the TV re-emitter.2- Connect the measurement equipment as shown in the illustration.3- Disconnect all the short lengths of power cable from the AX-204 amplifiers.4- Adjust the level of attenuation of the ZP-431 monochannel amplifiers to the minimum level.5- Connect the TV channel generator to the antenna input of the PC-404 processors if the adjustment is being made in

the workshop; or to the appropriate antennas if the adjustment is being made at the place where the TV re-emitteris to be located.

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6- Using the magnetothermal switch, connect the overall power supply of the TV re-emitter. All the PC-404 processorindicators should be blinking.

7- Program the PC-404 processors, as indicated in section 6.4.1, to analogue or digital channel mode, input and out-put channels, and other data necessary for the equipment to function correctly.

8- If the adjustment is performed in the workshop, program the TV generator to the input channel of the first PC-404on the left, and check that the green OK indicator remains fixed. The indicators of the other processors will blink.

If the adjustment is performed where the TV re-emitter will be located, check that none of the green OK indicators of thePC-404 processors are blinking (input level indicator and programming indicator OK).

9- Connect the first amplifier on the left. With the output level control of the first ZP-431 monochannel amplifier, adjustthe power level of the TV re-emitter with the spectrum analyser or the field meter to the level shown (dBm) in the tableof technical characteristics, selecting the mode in the appropriate signal (analogue/digital).

10- Measure the main parameters of the signal that are indicated in table 7.1 of technical characteristics.11- Disconnect the power amplifier.12- Repeat this operation from step 1 onwards until all the amplifiers have been covered.

Once the system has been adjusted:

13- Using the magnetothermal switch, disconnect the overall power supply of the TV re-emitter.14- Connect the short power cables of all the amplifiers.15- If in the place where the TV re-emitter is to be located, connect the coaxial cables of the radiating panels to the out-

puts of the filters or of the combiner/splitter, if this is included in the re-emitter.16- Connect the overall power supply of the TV re-emitter.

Once the TV re-emitter is functioning, check the signal level and the quality of the re-emitted signal, using the field meter,in the most unfavourable reception points, with an antenna at a height of 10 meters from the ground and directedtowards the radiating panels of the TV re-emitter.

6.3 Adjusting the TV Transmitter

Fig 29 - Adjustment of the TV transmitter

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1- Using the magnetothermal switch, disconnect the overall power supply of the TV transmitter.2- Connect the measuring equipment and adjust it as shown in the illustration.3- Disconnect all the short power cables of the AX-204 amplifiers.4- Adjust the output level of the MS-901 modulators to the minimum level.5- Connect the signal generator to the A/V input of the first MS-901 modulator on the left if the adjustment is being

performed in the workshop; or the appropriate individual receivers if it is being performed in the place where theTV transmitter is to be located.

6- Connect the overall power supply of the TV transmitter using the magnetothermal switch.7- Program the MS-901 modulators as described in section 6.4.2: output channel, input audio, audio level, depth of

modulation and V/A relation.8- If the adjustment is taking place in the workshop, program the A/V generator so as to inject signal at the input of

first MS-901 modulator on the left.

If the adjustment is taking place where the TV transmitter is to be located, tune the individual receivers to the programsthat are to be transmitted.

9- Connect the first amplifier on the left. With the output level control of first MS-901 modulator, adjust the power levelof the TV transmitter with the spectrum analyser or field meter to the level shown (dBm) in the table of technical char-acteristics.

10- Measure the main parameters of the signal that are indicated in table 7.1 of technical characteristics.11- Disconnect the power amplifier.12- Repeat this operation from step 1 onwards until all the amplifiers have been covered.

Once the system has been adjusted:

13- Using the magnetothermal switch, disconnect the overall power supply of the TV transmitter.14- Connect the short power cables of all the amplifiers.15- If in the place where the TV transmitter is to be installed, connect the coaxial cables of the radiating panels to the

outputs of the filters or of the combiner/splitter, if this is included in the transmitter.16- Connect the overall power supply of the TV transmitter.

Once the TV transmitter is functioning, check the signal level and the quality of the transmitted signal, using the fieldmeter, in the most unfavourable reception points, with an antenna at a height of 10 meters from the ground and direct-ed towards the radiating panels of the TV transmitter.

6.4 Programming of the PC processors and of the MS modulators

Fig. 30 - The PS-003 Programmer


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6.4.1 Description of the programmer: 905-PC SeriesSelect the SERIE 905-PC in the PS programmer.

Tab. 1 - Data

Tab. 2 - Functions

Tab. 3 - Range of values

Tab. 4 - Warnings


DATA VALUE DESCRIPTIONMode Analogue/Digital Analogue or digital mode.Output channel - Values according to CHANNELS

TABLE.Output frequency 474..862 MHz Output frequency (UHF band).Input channel - Values according to CHANNELS

TABLE.Input frequency 474..862 MHz Input frequency (UHF band).Output offset -3/6, -2/6, -1/6, 0, Offset of output frequency.

+1/6, +2/6, +3/6 MHzInput offset -3/6, -2/6, -1/6, 0, Offset of input frequency.

+1/6, +2/6, +3/6 MHzTable of B/G CCIR UHF channels for different channel, channels I UK SM8 standards. Programming by channel

D/K OIRT or by frequency.L FRANCEFrequency

SCREEN DESCRIPTIONData error The data selected does not belong to the range of

values indicated in table 3.Reading error An error occurred during the READ function.

FUNC. SCREEN DESCRIPTION�� Analogue Adjust the CAG according to whether you are

processing an analogue or digital channel.�� Output channel Selects the C/21 output channel in the table

OUTPUT B/G CCIR C21 of channels B/G CCIR.�� Output frequency Select the frequency of the video carrier

OUTPUT 471.25 MHz output in analogue mode or central frequency in digital mode.

�� Input channel Selects the C/21 input channel in the table.INPUT B/G CCIR C21 of channels B/G CCIR.�� Input frequency Select the frequency of the video carrier

INPUT 471.25 MHz input in analogue mode or central frequency in digital mode.

�� Input offset Select the offset adjustment of the channel or I OFFSET 0 MHz input frequency in digital mode.�� Output offset Select the offset adjustment of the channel or

O FFSET 0 MHz output frequency in digital mode.�� Table channels Different tables of channels or frequency

TABLA B/G CCIR mode.T Transmission Transmit data to the processor.

COPYF READ Read... Read all the data of a processor.READ

Mode DigitalOutput channel B/G CCIR C21Output frequency 474 MHzInput channel B/G CCIR C21Input frequency 474 MHzInput offset +1/6 MHzOutput offset +1/6 MHzTable channels B/G CCIR

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6.4.1.1 Sending data to the PC processor6.4.1.1.1 Programming modeTo program the channel processor, place the programming switch in the ON position (13). From the moment you do so,the programming indicator will light up. While the programming indicator remains lit, the channel processor is ready toreceive data from the PS programmer. When the channel processor has been programmed, programming mode shouldbe deactivated by placing the switch in the OFF position. The programming indicator light will go out.

Fig. 31 - Programming mode

6.4.1.1.2 Data transmissionSelect the desired function on the screen of the PS programmer and set the value of the function as required.

To transmit this data, press the T key. The programming indicator (12) will blink, thereby indicating that the channel pro-cessor has received the data. Moreover, the data transmitted is memorised in the PS programmer.

6.4.1.1.3 Choosing the language of the PS programmerSelect the desired language in the PS programmer by pressing F LANG. Confirm the choice by pressing F.

6.4.1.2 Frequency plan6.4.1.2.1 Digital channelsTo work with digital channels, we select Mode: Digital in the programmer.

When the selection has been made, the processor can be programmed by channel or by frequency, either input or out-put. If we choose to program by Frequency, the central frequency of the channel can be entered directly.

Alternatively, it can be selected by adjusting the frequency in steps of ±1 MHz. If we choose to program by channel,standard channels can be chosen when the words Output channel B/G CCIR C appear on the screen of thePS programmer.

If we know that the centre broadcasting the signal is transmitting the channel with a particular offset, we can adjust theprocessor with an input offset (Input offset) and an output offset (Output offset) equal to or different fromthe one received, in steps of 166KHz.

6.4.1.2.2 Analogue channelsTo work with analogue channels, we select Mode: Analogue in the programmer.

When the selection has been made, the processor can be programmed by channel or by frequency, either input or out-put.

If we choose to program by Frequency, the frequency carrying the video of the channel can be entered directly.Alternatively, it can be selected by adjusting the frequency in steps of ±250KHz.

If we choose to program by channel, standard channels can be chosen when the words Output channel B/GCCIR C appear on the screen of the PS programmer.


Fig. 32 - Frequency plan

For output frequencies, it is recommended that a standard frequency be used, ranging from 470MHz to 862MHz, with8MHz separating each analogue or digital channel.

The channel processor can also be used as a UHF-UHF channel converter.

6.4.1.3 Reading data with the PS programmerWhile pointing at the receiver, press the F and READ keys: the word Reading... will appear on the screen. All thedata programmed in the channel processor is read.

While the data is being read, the programming indicator flashes continuously; during this period the channel proces-sor should not receive transmissions.

The PS programmer must remain pointed at the receiver until the message Reading... disappears from the scre-en.

To consult the data received, select the appropriate function with the � and � keys: the data will appear on the scre-en of the PS programmer.

6.4.1.4 Updating the PC processorIt is possible to update the PC Processor (firmware). For instruction on how to download the necessary programs anddirections to update the module, please consult the ALCAD website:

www.alcad.net

If you do not have an internet connection, you can also contact Alcad's distributors or agents or contact Alcad directlyto request the update programs. The channel processor is updated using the IP-001 programmer interface and a PCcomputer.

6.4.2 Description of the programmerSelect the SERIE 912-MS on the PS-003 programmer.

Table 5 - Entering data


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Output channel BG CCIR C21Output frequency 471.25MHzAudio StereoAudio levelVideo levelA/V ratio 12dBTable channeles B/G CCIR

Table 6 - Functions

Table 7 - Range of values

Table 8 - Warnings

6.4.2.1 Sending data6.4.2.1.1 Programming modeTo program a modulator, set the programming switch program mode to the ON position. The programming indicatorwill immediately light up. It is recommended that only one modulator be programmed at a time.

Fig. 33 - Programming mode


SCREEN DESCRIPTIONData error The data selected does not belong to the range of

values indicated in table 3.Reading error An error occurred during the READ function.

DATA VALUE DESCRIPTIONOutput channel - Values according to TABLEOutput frequency 47..894 MHz Output frequencyInput frequency 920..2150 MHz IF band for input frequencyAudioAudio Stereo/Mono/ Stereophonic, mono or dual sound

DualAudio level 1..4 Audio sub-carrier deviationVideo level 1..8 Video levelA/V ratio 12-16 dB Difference between the levels of

the video and audio carriers.Table channels B/G CCIR Permits programming the output, using

I UK SM8 channels from the selected table orD/K OIRT frequenciesL FRANCEFrequency

FUNC. SCREEN DESCRIPTION�� Output channel Selects the C/21 output channel in the table.

B/G CCIR C21 of channels B/G CCIR�� Output frequency Selects the output signal frequency.

471.25 MHz

�� Audio: Select mono, stereophonic or dual sound.Stereo For MODELS, see enclosed chart.

�� Audio level Selects the right audio level. Except fot models:•••_ MS-501/502/601/602.

�� V�deo level Selects the correct video level. Except in models:•••••••_ MS-501/502/601/602/521/511/512/

513/514.�� A/V ratio Selects the ratio between the levels of the

12dB video and audio carriers. Except in models:MS-501/502/601/602/521/511/512/513/514.

�� Tableofchannels Different tables of channels or frequency B/G CCIR mode.

F COPY Copy... Transmits all the data of a modulator, exceptthe RF output channel..

F READ Read... Reads all the data in a modulator.

While the programming indicator remains lit, the modulator is ready to receive data from the PS programmer.Once the modulator has been programmed, the programming mode must be deactivated by setting the switch to theOFF position. The programming indicator light will then go out.

6.4.2.1.2 Transmitting dataSelect the desired function on the screen of the PS programmer and choose the correct value of this function.To transmitthe data, press the T key. The programming indicator will blink, indicating that the modulator has received the data.

6.4.2.1.3 Selecting the output channel or frequencyWARNING, The modulators leave the factory pre-set to the appropriate channel, depending on the configuration of theTV transmitter.

It is recommended that, before programming, a plan be established of the output channels, thereby avoiding selectingchannels which are already assigned. Make sure that the output channels are not already being used in the distribu-tion. To test the output channel programmed in the MS modulators, used the READ function of the programmer.

When the words Output channel B/G CCIR C are displayed on the screen, standard channels can be cho-sen. The words Output channel B/G CCIR S mean that S band channels can be selected.

Press the C/S key to toggle between standard and S band channels.

When the words Output frequency appear on the screen, it is possible to select the output frequency in steps of0.25 MHz.

6.4.2.2 Copying dataMake sure that the values of all functions, except that of the output channel, correspond to the values desired for youinstallation. Pointing the programmer at the modulator, press the F and COPY keys. The PS programmer must remain pointed at thereceiver until the Copy... message is no longer displayed on the screen.

6.4.2.3 Reading dataPointing the programmer at the modulator, press the F and READ keys. The message Read... will appear on thescreen.While the data is being read, the programming indicator of the modulator will blink continuously. During thisperiod, the modulator must not receive other transmissions.Also, is necessary to keep the PS programmer pointed at the modulator until the message Read... is no longer dis-played on the screen.

6.4.2.4 Adjusting the video input levelThe Video level function allows you to control the depth of modulation. The 8 video levels correspond to typicaldepths of modulation, namely of 65/70/75/80/85/ 90/95/100%, for a video input level of 1Vpp. For other videoinput levels, use the PS programmer to select the correct level so that the TV image is neither too bright nor too dark.


7. TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS7.1 General technical data of the complete equipment

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8. TROUBLE SHOOTING

Some problems that may arise during the installation of the TV transmitter/re-emitter equipment are described below.

WARNING, before carrying out any operation on the TV transmitter, disconnect it from the mainssupply.

8.1 TV Re-emitterP. Problem, C. Cause, S. Solution

P. No processor is working.C. The AS-326 power supply unit is damaged.S. Replace the power supply unit.

P. A processor is not transmitting the corresponding channel and the OK indicator (21) is blinking.C. The processor is not correctly programmed.S. Revise the programming of the processor.

P. The processors transmit the channels, but the OK indicator (21) is blinking slowly.C. The level of the input signal of the programmed channel is lower than that shown in the table of technical characte-

ristics.S. Ensure that the input signal level lies within the range specified in the data table.

P. The processors transmit the channels, but the OK indicator (21) is blinking quickly.C. The level of the input signal of the programmed channel is higher than that shown in the table of technical charac-

teristics.S. Ensure that the input signal level lies within the range specified in the data table.

P. The channel processor does not give the output level specified in the data table.C. The channel processor is working in analogue mode when the selected channel is digital, or vice versa.S. Make sure that the channel processor is working in analogue mode if the channel selected at the input is analogue;

or in digital mode if the channel selected at the input is digital.

P. The ventilation system does not work.C. The ventilation system is turned off or is not connected.S. Check that the switch of the ventilation system is in the ON position and that its cable is connected to the power strip.

P. The TV re-emitter does not emit any channels and the indicators that the equipment is working correctly are unlit.C. The TV re-emitter is not being powered.S. The differential switch has been activated, cutting off the current. Revise the installation.

P. A channel which is correctly programmed and connected is not detected at the output of the TV re-emitter when it ispowered correctly.

C. The AX-204 amplifier is damaged.S. Replace the damaged equipment.

P. A channel which is correctly programmed and connected is not detected at the output of AX-204 amplifier.C. The AS-125 power supply unit is damaged.

8


S. Check whether the power supply units are functioning correctly; if they are not, replace any which are damaged.

P. One or several correctly programmed channels are not detected at the output of the TV re-emitter.C. The modules of the different stages are not properly connected.S. Check the connecting strips of the different stages of the TV re-emitter.

8.2 TV TransmitterP. Problem, C. Cause, S. Solution

P. The TV transmitter is not broadcasting any channel and the LEDs indicating that the equipment is functioningcorrectly have not lit up.

C. The TV transmitter is not receiving power.S. The differential switch has been activated; review the installation.

P. The screen is black or shows only "snow".C. No video signal is reaching the modulator.S. Check that the video source is correctly connected.

P. The image can be seen but there is no sound.C. No audio signal is reaching the modulator.S. Check that the audio source is correctly connected.

P. The sound level is weak.C. Stereo audio is selected in the modulator when the input is mono.S. Select mono audio in the modulator or change the input to stereo.

P. The sound level is different from that of the other channels.C. The audio level selected in the modulator is incorrect.S. Change the audio level of the modulator with the PS programmer.

P. The image is insufficiently bright.C. The level of the video signal from the modulator is very low.S. Increase the video level with the PS programmer until a bright image can be seen.

P. The image is too bright.C. The level of the video signal from the modulator is very high.S. Reduce the video level with the PS programmer until the brightness of the image is correct.

P. Image synchronisation is lost.C. The level of the video signal from the modulator is very high.S. Use the PS programmer to reduce the video level until the image can be seen correctly.

P. No channel can be received from the receiver point.C. The AS-125 power supply unit is damaged.S. Check that the power supply units are functioning correctly. If one has broken down, replace it.

P. No channel can be received from the receiver point.C. The outputs of the amplifiers do not correspond correctly to the inputs of the multiplexors.S. Ensure that the connections between the amplifiers and the multiplexors are correct.

P. A channel which is correctly programmed and connected is not detected at the output of AX-204 amplifier.C. The AS-125 power supply unit is damaged.S. Check whether the power supply units are functioning correctly; if they are not, replace any which are damaged.

P. One or several correctly programmed channels are not detected at the output of the TV re-emitter.C. The modules of the different stages are not properly connected.S. Check the connecting strips of the different stages of the TV re-emitter.


9. CALCULATION OF FIXED RADIO LINKS9.1 Power in antenna (PANTENNA)Between the power amplifier and the antenna, there can be a series of devices (filters, multiplexers, splitters, coaxialcables, etc) which have losses. The real power in the antenna is the power provided by the amplifier minus the lossesfrom these devices; it is calculated by applying the equation:

Pantenna(dBm) = Ptransmitter(dBm)-ILmultiplexer devices(dB)

9.2 Effective radiated power (ERP)This is the power radiated in a given direction, due to the gain of the antenna. It is expressed as:

erp(W) = pantenna(W) x gantenna(Isotropic ratio)

ERP(dBm) = Pantenna(dBm) + Gantenna(dBi)

and

Gantenna(dBi) = 10 x log[gantenna (Isotropic ratio)]

9.3 Attenuation in free space (α0)This is the attenuation which the signal undergoes, depending on distance and frequency, as it travels through the air.It is expressed as:

α0 (dB) = 32,5 + 20 x log[d(km)] + 20 x log[f(MHz)]

9.4 Field Strength (Field Strength)This is the electromagnetic field at a specific point in a spherical-type propagation. It is related to the effective radiatedpower by the equation:

FieldStrength (dBμV/m) = ERP(dBm) - 20 x log[d(km)] + 38,7

When the electromagnetic field acts on an antenna, it gives rise to a potential which depends on the gain of theantenna (in dBd) and on the frequency. The expression of this potential (receiver signal) is:

Receiver signal (dBμV) = FieldStrength (dBμV/m) + G(dBd) - 20 x log[f(MHz)] + 33,6

The antenna gain in dBd is the relation between the radiation of a directive antenna compared with a dipole antenna.The gain of the antenna can also be expressed using the relation between the power radiated by a directive antennacompared with an isotropic antenna.

In transmission, the antenna gain which must be used to calculate the ERP is the gain in dBi.

In reception, the antenna gain which must be used to calculate the signal is the gain in dBd.

The relationship between gain in dBi and gain in dBd is expressed as follows:

G(dBi) = G(dBd) + 2,2

9


9.5 Range of a re-emitter (d)The effective range of a re-emitter, following the criterion for propagation in free space, can be calculated using theexpression:

d(km) = 10

9.6 Fresnel ellipsoids (RF)Propagation in free space is a model defined without obstacles. Obstacles in the propagation cause reflections in thebroadcast signal. A reflection which exceeds a complete distance of λ/2 can give rise to interference that cancels orreduces the level of the signal in reception. The radii of the Fresnel ellipsoids are the limits within which a signal must befree of reflections in order to avoid interference. They can be calculated using the equations:

RF(m) = 547,723 x

where:

n= Number of the Fresnel zone (n x λ/2)d1= Distance from the transmitter to the obstacle (km).d2= Distance from the receiver to the obstacle (km).d= Total distance between the transmitter and the receiver (km).f= Frequency (MHz).

9.7 Calculation of feedback isolation in a re-emitter (Feedback Isolation)A re-emitter which works in isofrequency mode must have an isolation between the connection of the broadcasting anten-na and the receiving antenna. This isolation must be 10dB greater than the gain required by the re-emitter to avoid osci-llations. The expression used to calculate this isolation is:

Feedback Isolation(dB) = FRradiant(dB) - Gradiant(dBi) + FRreceiver(dB) - Greceiver(dBd) + 20 x log[d(m)] + 20 x log[f(MHz)]-27,5

where:

FRradiant is the radiation pattern from the transmitting antenna aimed in the direction of the receiving antenna.FRreceiver is the radiation pattern of the receiving antenna aimed in the direction of the transmitting antenna.Gradiant is the gain, in dBi, of the transmitting antenna.Greceiver is the gain, in dBd, of the receiving antenna.d[m] is the distance between antennas, in meters.f[MHz] is the frequency at which the isolation is to be calculated.

9.8 Example of calculation of the coverage of an AM-TV transmitterThe aim is to calculate the coverage of an AM-TV transmitter of 2W PS (Peak Sync), operating at 658MHz, broadcas-ting through a panel antenna of 13dBi, connected through a coaxial cable of 11.4dB/100m at this frequency. The dis-tance between the transmitter and the antenna is 15 meters. The analogue signal is captured by a yagi antenna with14dBd gain, the minimum acceptable level being 50dBμV.

With the minimum acceptable level, we can calculate the field strength at that point:

FieldStrength (dBμV/m) = Receiver signal (dBμV) - G(dBd) + 20 x log[f(MHz)] - 33,6 =

= 50 - 14 + 20 x log(658) - 33,6 = 58,77 dBμV/m

The power in dBm of the transmitter is 33dBm; the power reaching the antenna is calculated thus:

Pantenna(dBm) = Ptransmitter(dBm)-ILmultiplexer devices(dB) =

= 33 - (11,4 x 15) / 100 = 31,29 dBm

and with this value, we calculate the ERP, which is:

ERP(dBm) = Pantenna(dBm) + Gantenna(dBi) =

ERP(dBm) + 38,7 - FieldStrength (dBμV/m)20

n x d1(km) x d2(km)f(MHz) x d(km)


= 31,29 + 13 = 44,29 dBm

In watts, it is being broadcast with an ERP of 26.85W.

To calculate the range, we apply the equation:

d(km) = 10

= 10 = 16,26 km

9.9 Example of calculation of the isolation of a Re-emitterFor a re-emitter working in isofrequency mode, two panel antennas are used (for transmission and reception); thesehave a gain of 13dBi and the broadcast pattern shown below:

Fig 34 - Characteristic graphs of the manufacturer

The antennas are 15 meters apart (from centre to centre), in vertical position, with their dipoles forming an angle of60° with respect to the main beam. Calculate the isolation of the antenna in channel 46 (fC=674MHz).

First, it is necessary to look for the radiation ratio of both antennas. At 60° there is a lobe of 18dB, so that will be thevalue of both ratios..

Second, determine the gain of the antennas. For transmission, the gain is 13dBi; for reception, the gain is reduced by2.2dB, so that the gain in reception is 10.8dBd.

With these data, we apply the equation, which gives the following:

Feedback Isolation(dB) =

= FRradiant(dB) - Gradiant(dBi) + FRreceiver(dB) - Greceiver(dBd) + 20 x log[d(m)] + 20 x log[f(MHz)]-27,5 =

= 18 - 13 +18 -10,8 + 20 x log(15) + 20 x log(674) - 27,5 = 64,8 dB

ERP(dBm) + 38,7 - FieldStrength (dBμV/m)20

44,29 + 38,7 - 58,7720


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10. TYPICAL CONFIGURATIONS OF THE TRANSMITTER/RE-EMITTERBelow are some typical configuration diagrams.

10.1 Re-emitter of 8 DVB-T/AM-TV channels Re-emitter of 8 terrestrial TV channels which can bedigital, analogue or digital and analogue.

Fig 35 - Typical Example

10.2 Transmitter of 4 DVB-T/AM-TV channels Transmitter of 4 terrestrial TV channels which can bedigital, analogue or digital and analogue.


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10.3 Transmitter of 8 AM-TV channels Transmitter of 8 analogue terrestrial TV channels.


10.4 Re-emitter of 4 DVB-T/AM-TV channels and transmitter of 2 AM-TV channels Re-emitter of 4 terrestrial TV channels which can be digital, analogue or digital and analogue, and transmitter of 2analogue TV channels.


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