broadband access technology
TRANSCRIPT
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INTRODUCTION
Broadband is defned byTelecom RegulatoryAuthority o IndiaTRAI!"
Broadband is an al#ays$on data connection that isable to su%%ort interacti&e ser&ices"
It has the ca%ability o minimum do#nload s%eedo '()*b%s"
Broadband is designed to %ro&ide Digital+ubscriber ,in*D+,! ser&ices
across the entirecountry"
It %ro&ides ser&ices utili-ing the e.isting
underground cable resources"
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It is a cost e/ecti&e technology"
It %ro&ides high s%eed internet ser&ices to theusers"
Transmission o digital inormation rom onede&ice to another is the basic unction"
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BROADBAND ACC0++
Broadband access connects indi&idual com%uterterminals and com%uter net#or*sto the Internet"
It enables the users to access Internet ser&ices"
Internet ser&ice %ro&iders I+1s! o/er Internetaccess to the %ublic through &arious technologiesthat o/er a #ide range o data signaling ratess%eeds!"
In modern #orld %eo%le demand greater s%eed"
+o I+1s %ro&ide tools to measure the s%eed ointernet access"
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BROADBAND ACC0++T0C2NO,O3I0+
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DI3ITA, +UB+CRIB0R4+ ,IN0 D+,!
Digital +ubscriber ,ine D+,! is a technology that%ro&ides digital data transmission o&er the e.isting#ires o local tele%hone net#or*"
Digital +ubscriber ,ine D+,! is a broadband high$
s%eedInternet technology that brings high$band#idth inormation to home and o5ces o&erordinary co%%er tele%hone lines"
D+, ta*es ad&antage o the unused band#idth ine.isting tele%hone cable lines"
D+, o%erates abo&e the 6"7 *2- since thesere9uencies are allocated or &oice transmission"
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:0ATUR0+O: D+,;
Distance$ sensiti&e technology"
Internet connection is al#ays ON" +imultaneous use o the %hone line or &oice
as #ell as data tra5c" Internet Connection is highly reliable and
secure" 2igh +%eed
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BA+IC D+, N0T>OR=
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T?10+ O: D+,
AD+,Asymmetric Digital +ubscriber ,ine!
@D+,@ery high$bit$rate Digital +ubscriber ,ine!
+D+,+ymmetric Digital +ubscriber ,ine !
RAD+,Rate Ada%ti&e Digital +ubscriber ,ine!
2D+,2igh bitdata rate Digital +ubscriber ,ine!
I+DN D+,Integrated +er&ice Digital Net#or*!
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Asymmetric Digital +ubscriber ,ine AD+,!;
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@D+,!;
@ery 2igh Bit Rate Digital +ubscriber ,ine"
1ro&ides high s%eed internet connection" >or*s only o&er a short distance"
+ymmetric Digital +ubscriber ,ine +D+,!;
+ymmetrical Digital +ubscriber ,ine" Does not allo#s to use the %hone at the sametime" Internet s%eed o u%stream and do#nstream aresame"
Rate Ada%ti&e Digital +ubscriber ,ine RAD+,!;
Rate Ada%ti&e Digital +ubscriber ,ine"
This ser&ice is a &ariation o AD+, " 2ere the modem can adEust the internet s%eed "
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2D+,!;
2igh bitdata rate Digital +ubscriber ,ine" It #as the frst D+, technology that used a higherre9uency s%ectrumo co%%er t#isted %air cables"
I+DN D+,!;
Integrated +er&ice Digital Net#or* Digital+ubscriber ,ine"
+ymmetric data rates o u%to77 *b%s can be
accessed using e.isting %hone lines" Ca%able o using the same modem or terminalada%tor used or I+DNand is al#ays a&ailable"
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AD@ANTA30+
D+, ser&ice is al#ays ON and #e can still use the%hone or &oice calls" Broadband s%eed is much aster than dial u%ser&ice" :i.ed monthly billing regardless o time usage"
Digital data is directly transmitted to com%uteras digital data #hich uses much #ider band#idthor transmitting"
DI+AD@ANTA30+
As you mo&e a#ay rom the central o5ce theconnection becomes slo#er"This results is distortion o signal"
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CAB,0
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Cable connecti&ity
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CONN0CTI@IT?
0thernet HBaseT is the most %redominantmethod"
?our Cable Com%any su%%lies you #ith aconnection to your home #hich in turn is connectedto a s%litter bo."
One s%ur rom the s%litter bo. is connected toyourT@ through a T@ Ada%ter"
The other being connected to your Cable
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AD@ANTA30+
2igh$+%eed Internet Access
2igh A&ailability
2igh band#idth to lo# cost
No ne# sot#are is re9uired
Al#ays on Connecti&ity
No reconstruction o cable system is re9uired
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DI+AD@ANTA30+
Tra5c congestion on the net
2igher security ris* than dialu% connections
Al#ays on Connecti&ity
Usually tied #ith cable T@ subscri%tion
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O1TICA, :IBR0 T0C2NO,O3?
Communications systems that carry inormationthrough a guided fber cableare called fber o%ticsystems"
It can unction as a #a&eguide or light %i%eJ totransmit lightbet#een the t#o ends o the fber"
:ibers are used instead o metal #ires becausesignals tra&el along them #ith less loss"
O%tical fbers are also immune to electromagneticintererence"
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>OR=IN3
Total Internal ReKection;Total internal reKection is a %henomenon thatha%%ens #hen a %ro%agating #a&e stri*es a mediumboundary at an angle larger than a %articular critical
angle#ith res%ect to the normal to the surace"
I the reracti&e inde. is lo#er on the other side othe boundary and the incident angle is greaterthanthe critical angle the #a&e cannot %ass through and
is entirely reKected"
The critical angle is the angle o incidence abo&e#hich the total internal reKectance occurs"
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>hen a #a&e crosses a boundary bet#een
materials #ith di/erent *inds o reracti&e indicesthe #a&e #ill be %artially reracted at the boundarysurace and %artially reKected"
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T?10+ O: O1TICA, :IB0R
+ingle
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AD@ANTA30+
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1O>0R ,IN0 CO
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1,C +?+T0i$:i Net#or* connect com%uters to each otherto the internet and to the #ired net#or*"
The %ur%ose o >i$:i is to hide com%le.ity byenabling #ireless accessto a%%lications and datamedia and streams"
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The main aims o >i$:i are;
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0,0I$:I
Access 1oint A1!;
The A1 is a #ireless ,AN transcei&er or base
station"J
They can connect one or many #ireless de&ices
simultaneously to the Internet"
>i$:i cards;
They acce%t the #ireless signal and relay
inormation"
They can be internal and e.ternal"
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+aeguards;
:ire#alls and anti$&irus sot#are %rotect
net#or*s rom unin&ited users and *ee%
inormation secure"
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TO1O,O3I0+
A1 BA+0D TO1O,O3?;The client communicate through Access 1oint" B+A$R: co&erage %ro&ided by an A1" 0+A$It consists o ' or more B+A"
0+A cell includes H$( o&erla% to allo#roaming"
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100R TO 100R TO1O,O3?;
A1 is not re9uired"
Client de&ices #ithin a cell can communicatedirectly#ith each other" It is useul or setting u% o a #ireless net#or*9uic*ly and easily"
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1OINT TO
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AD@ANTA30+
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DI+AD@ANTA30+
Intererence
Degradation in %erormance
2igh %o#er consum%tion
,imited range
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:R00 +1AC0 O1TIC+
:ree +%ace O%tics communications also called
:ree +%ace 1hotonics :+1! or O%tical >ireless
reers to the transmission o &isible and inrared IR!
beams through the atmos%here to obtain o%tical
communications"
,i*e fber :ree +%ace O%tics uses lasers and ,0D
to transmit data but instead o enclosing the data
stream in a glass fber it is transmitted through the
air"
:ree s%ace o%tical communication is an e/ecti&e
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0,0
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After undergoing the influences of the time-
dispersive channel and ambient light, the optical signal
is directly translated into a photocurrent at the
detector.
The electrical SNR in optical links depends on the
suare of the optical power, which has a deep impact
on both design and performance of !" systems.
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AD@ANTA30+
#nlimited use of spectrum by individual networks
$uge bandwidth
$igh speed with ine%pensive components
&ess power loss
Reusable
&ow power consumption
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DI+AD@ANTA30+
$igh &aunch 'ower represents eye ha(ard.
&ight )nterference negatively affects system
performance.
&ow 'ower Source reuires high sensitive
receivers.
Signal Scattering results in multipath impairment.
Alignment &eads to more operation constraints.
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+AT0,,IT0 T0C2NO,O3?
A satellite is basically a self-contained
communications system with the ability to receive
signals from *arthand to retransmitthose signals backwith the use of a transponder+an integrated
receiver and transmitter of radio signals.
They can operate at a very high reliability of more
than . percent in the vacuum of space
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T20 ORBIT+
&ow *arth !rbit &*! /00 to1/00km
2edium *arth !rbit 2*!100003m
4eostationary *arth !rbit 4*!
56,700 kmA satellite in a geostationary orbita%%ears rom earth to be in a f.ed%osition"
This is because it re&ol&es around theearth at the earthMs o#n angular
&elocity6)H degrees e&ery '7 hours in an
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AD@ANTA30+
Can reach o&er large geogra%hical area
:le.ible
0asy to install ne# circuits
Broadcast %ossibilities 1ro&ision o ser&ice to remote or Under$de&elo%ed areas
User has control o&er o#n net#or*
,ess distortion and intererence 0asy to regenerate ,o# error rates
+ecurity
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DI+AD@ANTA30+
,arge u% ront ca%ital costs s%ace
segment and launch! Intererence and %ro%agation delay
Congestion o re9uencies and orbits
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A11,ICATION+
Tele%hone +atellite tele&ision
Direct broadcast satellite
Digital cinema