British Isles

WesternIsles

Europe

Africa IndianOcean

Madagascar

MauritiusBourbon Island

Cape ofGood Hope

King George’sSound

Hobart

Sydney

Australia

NewZealand

FriendlyIslands

PhilippineIslands

Equator

North PacificOcean

Asia

North AtlanticOcean

Cape VerdeIslands

Marquesas

GalápagosIslands

Valparaiso

SocietyIslands

Straits of Magellan

Tierra del FuegoCape Horn

FalklandIslands

Port DesireSouth AtlanticOcean

MontevideoBuenos Aires

Rio de JaneiroSt. Helena

Ascension

North America

CanaryIslands

KeelingIslands

SouthAmerica

Bahia

Fig. 1.6(TE Art) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Figure 14.03a

Figure 14.04

Greater rhea

Lesser rhea

British Isles

WesternIsles

Europe

Africa IndianOcean

Madagascar

MauritiusBourbon Island

Cape ofGood Hope

King George’sSound

Hobart

Sydney

Australia

NewZealand

FriendlyIslands

PhilippineIslands

Equator

North PacificOcean

Asia

North AtlanticOcean

Cape VerdeIslands

Marquesas

GalápagosIslands

Valparaiso

SocietyIslands

Straits of Magellan

Tierra del FuegoCape Horn

FalklandIslands

Port DesireSouth AtlanticOcean

MontevideoBuenos Aires

Rio de JaneiroSt. Helena

Ascension

North America

CanaryIslands

KeelingIslands

SouthAmerica

Bahia

Fig. 1.6(TE Art) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Figure 14.06

Figure 14.08

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Millions of years ago

Eukaryotes

Vertebrates

Colonizationof land

by animals

Reptiles

Insects andamphibians

Mammalsand

dinosaurs

Floweringplants

and firstbirds First

hominids

1002003004005006001500

Extinctionof the

dinosaurs

Plants

Fig. 22.11(TE Art)

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

G. arcuataobliquata

G. arcuataincurva G. mecullochii G. gigantea

Fig. 22.13(TE Art)

Figure 14.12

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Niche Placental Mammals Australian Marsupials

BurrowerMole

Lesseranteater

Grass-hoppermouse

Lemur

Flyingsquirrel

Ocelot

Wolf Tasmanian“wolf”

Tasmanian“tiger cat”

Flying phalanger

Spotted cuscus

Numbat

Marsupial mole

Marsupial mouse

Anteater

Nocturnalinsectivore

Climber

Glider

Stalkingpredator

Chasingpredator

                                                            

Figure 14.14

Figure 14.16

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Greyhound Mastiff

Dachshund Chihuahua

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Human Cat Bat Porpoise Horse

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Modern toothed whales

Ambulocetus natansprobably walked on land (as do modern sea lions) and swam by flexing its backbone and paddling with its hind limbs (as do modern otters)

Pakicetus attockilived on land, but its skull had already evolved whale characteristics

Rodhocetus kasrani'sreduced hind limbs could not have aided it in walking or swimming. Rodhocetus swam with an up-and-down motion, as do modern whales

Fig. 22.12(TE Art)