british imperialism in india
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British Imperialism in India. Unit 3 – India Ms. Doyle. European Imperialism 1500-1900. Portuguese Discovery. 1499- Vasco da Gama arrives back in Portugal from a voyage to Calicut, on the Malabar Coast of India. His cargo of spices-pepper, nutmeg, and cloves-fascinate the people - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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British Imperialism in India
Unit 3 – IndiaMs. Doyle
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European Imperialism1500-1900
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Portuguese Discovery
• 1499- Vasco da Gama arrives back in Portugal from a voyage to Calicut, on the Malabar Coast of India.
• His cargo of spices-pepper, nutmeg, and cloves-fascinate the people
• The trade in spices was the most important reason for European interest in the East.
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Trade• Europe and Asia were separated by deserts, mountains, and by the
powerful Ottoman Empire, which was Muslim in religion and not on friendly terms with Christian Europe.
• The journey was long and dangerous. Ships had to sail down the coast of Africa, around the Cape of Good Hope and into the Indian Ocean.
• The trip lasted several years, if the ship made it at all.
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Other products
• Brought back beautiful fabrics and gems• Spices and pepper were still the most
intriguing• The Europeans now saw how good food could
taste
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Portuguese Control• 1505- Portuguese ships sailed into the Indian Ocean
and quickly overpowered Arab resistance
• Alphonso de Albuquerque established the first European settlement at Goa on India’s west coast
• Portugal controlled the spice trade, and Portuguese trading posts were established in India, in Malaya, and in the Spice Islands
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Dutch Control
• The Dutch, expert seamen, and perceptive merchants wasted no time challenging Portugal’s control
• By 1600 there were several Dutch trading posts in India.
• The Dutch eventually pushed the Portuguese out of the spice trade
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British Control• In 1587, English merchants captured a Portuguese ship filled
with spices • Merchants formed the British East India Company to trade in
spices• First British settlement was called St. George and was
established in 1639 • 1661- the British gained control of Bombay, which is now
India’s second largest city and a great seaport. • 1690- a trading post was created at Calcutta, then only a small
village, now a city of 12,000,000 people.
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Competition
• British were too busy fighting the Portuguese to establish many trading posts
• 1612 and 1614, Portuguese navy was defeated and the Dutch became too involved in the islands of Indonesia to compete with the British in India.
• England and Holland fought over America and the East. Portugal was stuck with much less influential position in the East.
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British Resistance
• 1746-1761, the British army defeated several Indian armies and the French who were gaining power
• 1814-1818 fought against the Gurkhas in northern India
• 1840- suppressed the Sikhs, who were fierce Indian warriors
• After the Sikhs were defeated, all of India came under the power of the East India Company
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British Change
• Social reforms were made and cruel customs of Indian society were abolished. ~Suttee, the drowning of unwanted girl babies, slavery
• Built new roads, harbors, and railways trade extended • Established a telegraph system, built schools and colleges, and
established uniform law. • Thought of eventually giving India her independence • India was the “jewel in the Empire’s crown”. • Brought peace to parts of India which had suffered turmoil.
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“The Indian Mutiny”• India welcomed the British as traders not rulers led
to revolt in 1857 • Resulted in a mutiny among Indian soldiers who had
joined the British army • N.India was in revolt for over a year and cruel and
bloody battles were fought • Led by princes and rulers who had lost their
kingdoms to the British and wanted to win them back
• Attempts failed and the British were more strongly established in India than ever before