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British jl

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SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES

BRITISHHISTORY NOTES

m

THF F.nUCAT; 'ni-ISHlNO CO.

_u, by C.

at the \)

PREFACE

mnavKin/u

BK[T\.E YIELDS

J

BRITISH HISTORY NOTES.

THE ROMAN PERIOD.

86 B.C.-410 A.D

03WirtM<^rM.'i'-4.—The Introduction of tne ann (It I'cace;

the opening up of Ihe country ; and the main-

taining of law and order.

I~^^ * -^ ^ "tons wwrr tli« j»t««>|ii«j wjio

Ini calletl Britain, before the

b«-.""

' '•^«

ui >a was CHii" 1

Dr M Druids,w. They wor-

. . nature aa the

\ their Teneratioa.

A, •,

—To pnniah ihe

Tlkiii^j. \vifti «^ i«M« u«

f BKinSB HIiTORT KOTKt.

where his noMe b*>arin{r "•••^'^•'' *'5'>' « »".-'^-^v. It Utail] that li<»a<lic»'.i to - 61, tofvswipf ti^lliu^ into (lie iiHiiu- <n tiif

3. Roman Influence—The R. -ned uptry, built roa<is ' ht thelio Rrt« of p<>arf> .w and

"Ui. r I PictS aiiU Scots, who• i-.v.-'' i':

_of thn is!:;T.,l, t!iPV hnilt

^ fruiu sea to sea. heI ) prevent their rising ii ua

the country became dependent on the I nis

t"<^r protection. Daring the Roman peii .-. v,...i.st

ty was introduced by some missionaries, and in

~n of time both firitons and ^' ' ine

In 410, the lioman so: h-

Urasva to defend their provinces nearer liumc

wi

THE EARLY ENGLISH PERIOD.

449-1017.

Chan^ -Constant strife, and the imrduucxionof Mlf-governinK institutions.

I. The Coming of the English.—After the^h.lrawal of the Romans, the Bi ' ' rhe

English, who lived around the m< ^e,

ro assist them in driving 1 " r^.

The first of th«ni. under H< me'

^•"'' in e back t t^, and' '" -•'' land. .inpany

•id took p -,i n of the country,r»3 to the \\i:^t and north. There

were three tribe* of the English,—Jutes, Angles

TBB BABLT BKflLIBB PERIOD.

And Ss" -ifvprai Kingdomt.

At one \fh are known aa

the "H' ^ . . ay. ' ihc->e war

with or: "T tintJ!, in " g of

w*^- '

•

;.

2. H. _ -.stitutions.—TheEnglish were gi

with them to i< •,

'

local self-government. The township, the hundred,

and the shire, each had its own " moot " to manageits affairs. The national council, which met three

times a year to give advice to the king, vas calle<i

the Witan. On the death of the king, a newone was elected by the Witan, the son of the late

king being generally chosen, although in time of

danger he was sometimes passed over to secure a

military leader. This was the case when Alfred waschosen.

3. Christianity.—St. Alban introduced Christ-

ianity into Britain during the Roman period, but

it was driven from the land before the heath'" J^n-ir.'"

inradera. Again it was introduced by Anin 697, and gradually spread its influence < • 1 i i"

land, and most of the men of England became free-

men.'''

ries also came from Ii ' ' '"

norther of the i<5land, but y'

finally t

asoendui <

most cultured churches and natioi. pe.

4. The Danish Invasions ad barely

been crowned king of ai 1 when he had to

defend his kingdom agaiii^v ...-. . 'anes. These werefierce, heathen BeaHX)vers, who were closely akin to

the English. Throughout the whole of the Early

Bnglish Period, during which there were fifteen

¥ kAKi.t cxiUiMi i'KKiuD.

ED

of

D

inroads upon th«

iy mi^'wl n tax calleii

brought titoto

ad a manacreDay, 1002. The

-..;:- was among the

inoe, and at la«t the coantrj

(871-901) was the irreatMt

forces,

ton.agreed u>

•aRtTn p-

A

Eding-uthrum,

finit •

talMiiEnpli-

II.

He w«8 a 7

niD6 yeart

Charoh.

10 BmmSB BISTORT NOTB8.

THE DANISH PERIOD.

1017-1(H2.

Ooat or Cantit if»i7-io^\

Harold—son.

HarthAcnat—imn "I'-Kier.

I. Cnut.—Oil the death of Edmund Ironsidea,

son of ! the Unready, Cnut, the Danishleader, v.... ...,>(;n king of all England by the

Witan. Although a I)ane, he tried to rule as anEnglish king. He governed by K^^ ' ' ' •

'

married the \vidow of Ethelred. H'into four earldoms and .

rule over them, the most i

of Wessex. He also li!-;:.. I'.,.,,.. ;;....j.,

and tried to stop the ...^v ; i.ui.-, vviiub .*;*„-> tli<-ii

carried on between Ireland and the west of England.

THE LATER ENGLISH PERIOD.

1042-1066.

Edward luK v^uiiieaflor '''f_-ivruii.

Harold—son of Godwii 1066.

Ohmrctcterisiic*.—The introduction of Nomun-FrencbInfluence.

I. Edward the Confessor.—On the death of

Cnut's two sons, i he Confessor, son of Ethel-

red the Unread}, -...^ king. He had lived in

Normandy during the time of Danish rule, and after

becoming king he displeased lh« English by the favor

TBI LATm K50U8H PimOD. U

be abcwad to a

weat Vine an>- »«! v-arned ua by

h i-law, anil hv

V. lied wit:

•' tho c.^..^

vos ckosen

He had

i..

peiied to «

chiliii f'l "d

•n his refusal,

N 1

1 dFS A

known •• ihm

Kn:

NORMAN PERIOD.

10t><>-ll.'".i

William I. (The Conqueror) ini.t, loty.

William II. -»^»n - - lusTlUlO.

Henry I -I

Stephen

—

u>i

CharacteriMicji.—The Introduction of AbMlute rioa-

archy and of the Feudal System.

WILLIAM L— 1066-1087.

1. William the Conqueror claimed t>i° ^rr.«-n

by inheritance and by conquest. He was

and a statesman, and ruled with great iniiu'

Rep'at.ed rel>pllinns Ifid him to deal very cru« i.

wi'

at

of Iniui 111 iiorilK'i ii il«i 1

Feudal System ji' Curfew.New Forest «s a royal

severe game laws, and comj _'_— ^^ -^

Book. Hia chief adviser was LanfranC| Arch

bishop of Canterburv'-

2. The Feudal' System.—By the Feudal 8ys

fcem, which William I. introduced into ^' ''

all th« land hohmaoil to the king. He ^

gr"

ani-

yeomen. In ea ii t <>£ li

money, corn or aid for

holder of the land was rhliged, w:

to »erye in •»«' without pay. ^12

mxtmMAM raatook 19

mumr fealty to him m well m to his own feudal

IokL In Uiis way, all were «i on andg^^^; . .. . . .1 . I-;,,, Tm /.r.l.T to ^.^ the great

Qci' > power, their estates

Wfmqueror was pas*

siouui-

tract . :

theori^iutti

he made '^'

a deer

4- T.th»- I

oc;

lUi - I'Ut out. It I

tKi* waA to prutccL pn>perty, but the law was naren.

14 BRITIBR BISTOBT KOTIB.

Ihe Turks, so as to enable pilgrims to risit the

Hm-, •'

". •' ' "•

cn<

natiuu to which li< U^ii

crusados in all ; of ti t>s

were tlio first, whi.h Robert of Normthe third, of which Richard L wasspirit; and the last, of which Edward I. *'»* *

leader. The crusades failed iu their object, !>"'' *^''v

did good by

—

(n C ^ r- ^ - 1.-1— ^. ,, „^

) ], is lived.(2)

(3) Opeiutig up the i^a^t tu commerce.

HENRY I.—1100-1135.

Henry I.—On the death of ^

brother Henry seized the crown. 1

govern well if he would retain it. He imprisoned

William's ad^nser, Flambard, recalled Anselro,

issued a charter of liberties, and pleastnl the English

by marrying Edith, the daughter of Malcolm of

Scotland. Rolx'rt returned from the Holy Landand claimed the throne, but w.

prisoner nt Tenchebrai, i" 1

put out

'

ruled w.

granted charters to many t«(

clergy to select their own Vji

were required to do homage for their lands. Henry s

son, William, was drowned in nnO so he left hu

crown to his daughter, Maiu3.

STEPHEN—1135-1154.

Slaphen, a nephew of Henry I., became king

vouuif rnuoa *6

bec»q»p 'i to hare a wo-

man t^> war heiran, and

Da fiut

wi rd,"

: bjr the

. the war,

At la«t, onIt was arrangitl

succeed Stephea.

THE PLANTAG^'^"^'' .^ERIOaiii>i . ..

Hwrr n.—/?r4nHi»oii of Henry 1. 1154-1180.

K ' !!«.

J, "fi.

Henry Hi.-

Edward I.—

"

Edwivrd n.—Soil ViT.

Edward III.—Sou _,-i377.

Richard IL—Grandsoi i77-1399.

0haracierutif4.—The growth of < it and of Lim-ited Monarchy ; the F-eud.-ii ti in its prime.

HENRY II.—1154-1189.

I. Henry II., though alwolute, v.-is om- of the

greatest of Koghsh kings, and f li- il to i i • '

, t • .; !<*

well. He restored order, anto t«ar down the castles built iu . >t j.w^,!^ .^ ,, .u,,,. j..,o

ju<li<-ial system he organized was the model of our

own; ;r ' ''

'

' d. Trial byJury "• ished to have

the.!.-'_ "

chu' •

bis

in ^so bitterly thao he had to Hee from England. On hi<

return he was murdered. During this reign the

eastern pirt of Ireland was conquered by the Eng-

lish. !' — " ' •— • powerful king, bm he n:'»'<!

oTer m- es, as well as over Eng'

and pan or jrei^ini. i ne last years of bis reign were

saddened by family discord.

IS

TBB r&ANTAOKinrr pfluon. If

16 B&inSH HI8TOBT ITOTBS.

2.'^' " ' ' "' .. -r

. 1 allowedthfl • ;iii had

•he

to

vy.

i id served the king well, butTm 1164, the"^'^"='^'tu-

iiwn up, ije

11^. -\ii — i^>en!• in ; but ! was as

.- he reLunu'U ; t .it

, and in 1170 L ur

knights.

X The Conauest of Ireland.—For c*^ntunes' .3 had 1 itly at

.'. T,. r.f the

I id

''1 I ill w, ^ iir: i jiii I \jL X ^li\ii -K^^

bow," went over with an li«

fuH'- ceutui'ie^a luter.

uf Ire»

reign

—

RICHAKD I.—1189-1199.

KiChaxd I. spent only a few month* of his ten

years' reign i"" ' ' " Mr,

and was snrn uf

evant of .c, ot ishich

Richard v, .aade failed,

\

TBI PLAJrrAonrBT ruuotx 19

MMl on IliB WftV h<~^">'^ 17ii>TiAriri vena «Tiin«rr<M>lcQ(l &ndtaken prisoner. ransomhe was relen td. Hedied of A wo<. ranoe.

JOHN—1199-1216.

I- John VM the womt kin^ that ever sat rm the'

.«^Kv .1 a' • Oil

12.

the

in

pended; uo^th)' ibd cborchM^ and

JO IBITian HIPTOBT WOtlBS.

(i)

people, DUtWt LUaue no ^i-uviaiun

1 1 !....> IV 1 in.— 1^1' -i.( —

'TT ri-nv: ^^^^t n i-1:"'} (if <<»» w!lOIl V

(1

AM the kiu|; wouid not aoreo to tii

TBI PLAMTAOurrr psmioD. 31

Mc riflonerft"

SHi^' l 1H1>-V1 111-' »••. ii^'^ »_\J<',

ha'. S clergy an<! he sameyear ii" 'wi-s slaia at '^ re-

gained hU tiirone. ami -'72.

2 - •-

fvthe»> of

I t wrs, 1264, • ken

[

. r Afiil P- . . him*

i. : , and in 1265 htf

AW w. 18 were called notrons, aa of old, but two(1 two bargesaes or citizens

-tlj after. Prince Edwardienng an armj, defeate 1 and slew

... ham.

EDWARD L—1 272-1307.

X. Edward I. was abaent on the la«t Qramdewhen bia father died. He waa a general, a ctatea*

man, anH « l-!- r. Ho callod r'"'-l''"'>"nt« regularly,

and in <^ called on> in many re-

spcctj*, N^ I < • same aa Moiiiti>ri.<«. InthodedaysparliamMtt (iui not make law* bat merely irranted

taxes. Edward'r great desire wai i<

island under one rule. He oooqunrartjf conquered Scotland. EdwiuU uiaiitt guuUlawn and eittabUihed • oourcs where justice waa ed*

mi » ail. 1

'

« rmgn thr Jcws were

exi--i • M 1 • - -'1.1 were not allowed to ^

torn fur iK-i I red ves>rs.

33 BRITISH BISTORT ITOTia.

2. The Connuest of Wales. ^Mion E'lw,ir<! T.

called onmage, he i

him. At !

and his bivMu-i x'.i.m n «-iii.i ,l^^llll. »

was slain, DaWd wiis put to death, and ^

CO I I'. 1282. A few years aff

8< (1, was made Prince of \siuco borae by the eldest 3on of the Diiu^ii tSover-

eign.

3. The Wr -ce.—The King .f his

crown to h

Norway, fc;......^ , . ., ,

ants for the throne came forward. John I

and Robert Bruce were the chief. Tf

asked Edward I. to decide, but he refused

a ho becni

sal. '. .lul liod

Edwai 'vcr to cment, li«? i i

placed an ; ,

rule led Sir William Wallace, the *'f

but ^'•

r 11 l.U\AJ IjUO lUhW^r

ot th.

xooert Bruce, a grandsonri, and ia 1^06 Bruce was

inuuluut, and lilli«;

castle. At last, to - .^

ward II. marched north with one of the greatest and

TBI PLAKTAGC7KT PKRIOD. 29

(h-graiMi

B< lii-i, which Mcured the indepea<d. 1

EDWAKD II.— 1307-1327.

Edw--'' " ''' '' ' - 1 of badioiU). ' war ai;

SooUsHe all

Battle of -'

of

*»"^. ...

He wa4 afterwards mardered.

EDWARD III.—1S2M377.

I. Edward III. became kinx when a mere boj,

fa

s.w'*

1

ol!

nn

u

Cresuv.

p.

Oi

IV BRITISH BirroRT ivona.

Bdward gi^ rreturn for

brokemost (•;

called the "Black Death," swept o%

1348. So many people died of it tli

great scarcity of laborers. For many \

s struggle between landowners and i.i.i«.ni», dtm

harsh laws were paased to keep the latter down.This reign is notabi-

'

the most noted writ*

and Chaucer, the IVmj;

2. John \Vycliffe forrrnnnfr of thn

Reformation in i

into English, ai^ ^

ference with English afiairs. Hia :

known as LoUards, and in after year

were put to death as heretics. Wywa« safe, as he enjoyed the friendship imu ^mwi. ..<..

of John of Gaunt, the third son of Edward III.

RICHARD XL—1377-1399.

I. Richard II. was the son of the BUrk Pnnc<>

As he was only a boy when be ascen-

a council was appointed to rule. Inants of England revolted under Wat 1

Jack Straw, and marched to London. Ti _

(1) For the abolition erf the poll-tax, which ^^ad

been first levied in the reign of Edward ITT

(2) Th^t villeinage should be alx»lished.

(3) That the peasants should be allowed to pu^ un i;

rent in money instead of giving part in labor.

The revolt was crushed and the leaders were put V>

death. In the end, however, the people got what

-!n- ViAuUfKT FBBIOD Nfor Mveral jmnh*' becfan to rule

Infolk

an< John of Gaunt. Uichard in-

t« r ; both. The next year Henryhis father's estates, which

The king was in Ireland at theirn he was dethroned by the

inr.i r ry was inad« king. Hichardwas 800 iurderad.

LANCASTRIAN PERIOD.law— 1461.

Henry IV.—GrandBoa of E«L IIL 13"'

Henry v.—Son - 141

Henry VL—Son U22-i46i.

THE YORKIST PERIOD.

1461—1485.

Edw&rd lY.—Son of Duke of York I46I.l*d£.

2dward V.—Son • 1483.

Richard IIL—Unci. 148S.1485.

C%aracterM<»c«.—Growth of Parliament for a time;

gradual abolition of Villeinajce ; destruction of

Keudal System ; founding of the •• New Mon-archy."

HENRY i > — i .)i7;,'-it 1 o.

Hsnry IV. received his crown frf>m Parlia-

teent^ and to secure his position he hii in

favor with the Parliament and 1* The

House of Commons trained the boI > grant• '

' Ul-'he

tirbl per&ou put Uj di'iilh lur Iic^ nd.

Henry had mtif'Vi trni;}>!o with t) 'he

Earl of^

Scots anathem pli, the : at Homiidon Hill

LAJICAtmiA3l PBEIOD.

HpnfV V. \v.»s 11 vorr iKumKir kiiii:. Earlr in

the

vere

Ito

1 in this reiccn.

Ived theinnl for

war.

vict'irv

wa.

DuDa

1 Henry• tho

the

ul Uic ± [\iucii king. 1 wo;

r iienry

iii.-NjiV VI.—l4-'>i4ol

I11^.,^. \ri ..

f'lf ter,

98 BRITISH BISTORT NOTBI.

forofp, a'i'I raised the siege. S' 'orie*

over lilt" ICnglish, hut, Ixjing t i was

bnmed as a witch in 1431. Suon .

and the English rapidly lostgrounu. . - ^ ..

orer to the side of France again. In 1445, Henry V I.

married Margaret of AnjOU and gave ^^

province of Anjou to his father-in-law. >was reonnqaered by the French in 1449. Ai

war came to an end in 1453, and Calaisonly French possession left to ' "" ish.

In 1450, there waa a . under JackCftde, the people demanding :

—

( 1) Free elections.

(2) That the foreign favorites should l)e S'

(3) That there should be a change in ti. „ .>

advisers.

The rebellion was put down and Cade was killed.

The last event of the reign was the beginning of

the Wars of the Roses. Henry was deposed in

1461, and was inurderod tfn years later.

2. The Hundred Years' War.-F ' ' III.

claimed tlie crown of Franrp mv] wont en-

force his claim. The clr

of the struggle were a n

battle of Cressy, the siege of Calais, ami •

of Poitiers. The Treaty of Bretign^an end to the war for a time. Soon it

and before the death of E<iward tli ' ii,«w i. ,i

nearly all their French possessions . the warcontinued into the reign of Richara li. %Henry V. revived the claim to the Pr©«jch

throne, and after a few years* war, in ^•"

'

"

principal event was the battle of AgincoTreaty of Troyes, in 1420, brought about a Uju>^

porary peace. After Henry's death the Freaob was

29

w** loreased.

Je . Rpainst

v on,

o ended, Calais alone

3. The \ the Roses (1455—1486).—Tlw. ni,U/. ; ,1 , ;..».. 1..;... ... .1...

I 1.,

ird

a rtxl n)fM?

1 naii" w itM

n laat hattU

90 BRITISB BISTORT VOTES.

Results of t^~ vr-" -'"the Ros—of the creat jk l were

king;. ' —r; (:i; liie I'wxdaJ

Systej . ly.

j>.'M .vKD IV.— If -J 1-1 483.

1. Edward IV. cirricd on tho war a<rainst t!ie

I.

in

lowers wenrich. The f,".>' ..iuj".,v_, ... n^- ,i.

slain in the Wars of the Roses ; tl

ah---'^^' ...„,

mC"

a:

ri

n.

01. and thus was able to rule ^

ot :_nt. Thus rose what is c

Monarchy, which lasted until the

1688. An important event of this n-igu »

introduction of printing into England by Wi.Caxton.

2. William Caxton, who had he«n on the oon-tii

..---.th

tl:-

OI

ijitlueiiC'j uu tli.j I'.ii 1: :' .: liierurv ..-^

was patronized by k lobles. 1 avedthe way for the Rti.,i;w.Awv>u, as the i/ivic »<*« on*of the earliest books printeo.

uuroAsnuAN pxriod. SI

EDWARD v.— 14831

A^dward V. rvii^iu'd oi»ly a ftrtr vwka. Hisr,.].. OiVViciri-^ 1 1 .. ,

,•'( .', ,11.-. .•# >!• Iipcame Pro-

Duke ofIs were

ee " as

RICH^UII> (83-1485.

veil, bat s

In 1 y

d.^nii t<if>. ! th Field, Um i*st

ijAttle of

TUDOR PERIOD.

Henry TIL, desoeodAot of 3i>ir.

The Reformation in IZnKlanU.

HENR^ i 485-1609.

I. Htnry VII. married Elizabeth of Yawl so '.ini'"'' ''"^ -i-,;,,.. ..r »;... i...

Yorkists.

and was ahie ; <. >

broke the laws

Henrygi-ew V'

r?the throne,

the second ;

the form< '

b<-iiea/k-<j. >, I .>.. .-.7i..> .m:ii ^^^.. -

Aithur Wit i to Catharine of /but aft-

' . • ,

Pope, ;

MargaMarywe see the miroducuou of tJie New Learaiog* »*

31

TVDOR PVUfOD 3S

it WHA eallwi; &nd the discoveries of Columbus, the

Cah''^^ ' "^T^^rT,(ji Garni, commenced "•

em f tlio World.

2.'" ''

." l"s g;iv(-

thf ,. The'" earth

of the

54 BRITUH HlfTORT ITOXM.

in their serrioe many Hv* , who formedA little army ready to do ; their masf'^r.

To letisfn the power of tl iry VII, ui i

aahed this system uf mainieiiancc.

HENRY VIII.—1509-1647.

I. Henry VIII. ^as hrtndv>m«', pny, and vrtA\

educut-

He wacame very i

bitious, aiiu _.

foreign wars. ^

this reign ; in 15

1

.'. J ttiuts. iv.'^'m im.iju">i

Dobility were slain at Flodden, and in

James V. ^- - -

chief atlvi

Cranmer. Woisey, t.i:.i;jg lu Secure t

divoT-of, !o>-t fM'n-pr, nn*! flipfi in 15Wfa'

Crmation, and placing the i

Church. Bui lie, i<«i-

iiif earlier %

and replied l., j.v.lw... i.. .*< i.

this he received the title of *'i

„ 1• 1 _ _ 1 .111wl

nv

Roiuan L'^i

two of wh<

ati'

tin

ter uf and then to Kuzabeth,the dai_

T'r'rw^B nwTAft ]f

i at last gre^

e« V. of 0«r-

thf kinjjV >eciT»-

•^ DniTi?!

pi..

til.

Protestant i i Germany. irranged,

was distasti •• king, ana < i waa ac-

cused of treason by his enemies and was bxecuted.

4. Thomas Cranmer gained the favor of

Henry VIII. by saying that the divorce should bereferred to the Universities of Euro: )

'

Ijeiujr left to the Pope. He was madeOr.

di

and had thu i

churches. Hfni'

K(i

Articles of Religion and the Book <

mon Prayer. In Mary's reign he wit*^ "

burned at the stake as a heretic.

5. Marriages oi Henry VIIIsix wive.s :

^T'le first wa-s Catharine of Aihe mother of Mary 1 f^h*-. wa-

1 he second was . , a, tlic luotL-

Elizabeth. She \n

The third was Jane Seymour, mother of

ward VI. i^he died at the time of F/Iwrmi^

The fourth, Anne of Cleves, was >

The tiftli, Catharine Howard, w;i,^ >,. .„«..^«.

The si^th, Cathanne Parr, survived ner hrs

V>and.

6 The Reformation.—Wycliffo had stronjrly

TUDOB rSBIOD. 37

hj Heaiyi diroroe. Laws were paased forbidding

appftals to Rome, and tip

S8 BRITISH BISTORT N0TB8.

Mary Oueen of Scots. Tli.« Scots were d«f ' d

at PinThe c

TuooR rsaioix. II

OAom a.— iooo-io(i

a:

Tl

Aa: , and war a

al

J

!•

Ktl

a-

I

"fn nf ^rr>f

t '>7 Lord

• i

tfO BRiTita iri(fr»BT noniL

her way of worshipping;. Many of the latter wUhedI. ''i>rm of V ' <c«me known at

S. Thej; and th^ir devo-

tiuu to ; blioiig poiuU ill 'cr,

and th(\ i some of the nol< vi.ai

grace the page of history.

3. William Cecil. Lord Burleigh, had heldoffice during y VIII., Edward VI.and Mary. \ ume to tb*' t(itrm« hebecame Secretary of State, and served 1 :lly

during the rest of his life. He was cauwii.^, and,

like the queen, waa anxious to avoid foreif;n wars.

He aided in 1' ' idi

of the glory use

counsels and iicU of Cecil, lie ciicd lu iCt'JS.

4 Mary Queen of Scots was the most b^anti-

\.n of her time, in Europe. Si

I up in France, where she had :

J'^uj 1 II, afterwards Francis II. She waa soon left

a widuw, and returned to Scotland in 1561. Hersecond husband, Lord Damley, was murdered,

and Mary married the man who was regaided as

the murderer. The Scots, in horror, drove her from

the throne, and she fled t^ '"(1 in 1568. She

was a dangerous rival of ' havinfi^ claimed

the English crown, and so for

nineteen years. Her rpli: -^od

plotting to gain 1 • Jiiiza-

beth. At last, in

5 The Spanish Armada an-

ish vessels had been captured L^ ^ ,' <ra

and thousands of English had aided ttie Dutch in

their struggle for liberty against Philip of Spain-Eager for revenge, Philip fitted out a great fleet

•f 130 ships, tiiiXf manned and comma" '*-' ^ t tb»

TCDOB PSaiOD. 41

fl* "i i'Ui 80 small ships liie

^ 'i Lord Howard of Effmcbani. »iiu wn.iiT bim s^Tv-t-d Drake, Kand Frobisher. A mrining tight w.i

along md nt <

land -TJ.e Trlsli u>>V

At jft.

rcwe ir

Ef

I.

^'

li i>e whoi* of IraUad has beenf

^ Poets.—Tim«8 ol great

of iiio ^vniiri'ia iiir.

ni^ ia 000 ol the It

4S

tur K:espean

p.-

stU'. _:_- .

_ , : r

is one of tiie greatest ot our poeta, hit cbiet workbeing "The Faerie nn^i^ne."

8. Progress in th's Reign.—WhenElizabeth cauie to tiiu imvue she fo '

«— -i- i

weak and divided ; at her death the

btrong and united. Under her w'

Ix'came very prosperoua. Improvnin-

mi

in

of

and colonies wei

Virginia. Eac;. , ,

own poor ; and oomfort and even luxury were found

inr'- '•' ' '' " ' '

bo.

tended. 1

.

. tu be one of l! j

most gitjrioi. tor*

STUART PERIOD.

br

M.ba

Gunp' thf5 Tr< i of theBible

.'t events • ig"-

2. The Gunpowder Plot ( 1 6uo i was a plot bysome liom^n Catholics to blow up both King '""'

Parliament at the opening of the session. Aunder the building was stored with powder, — '

'

Fawkes was to light the fuse at the pi

The plot was discovered and many sufT.

it, and very harsh laws were passes.

Roman Catholics.

3- Translation of the Bible— T>un'n;; the

Tudor Period severn^

made. James I. ca

was fill i 611, after several years' work, 'ihis,

under i of the Authorized Ver«''^" "•

King James' Version, is the one still in o«>

4- Sir Walter Raleigh was a noted cuum. • .a

Elizabeth's reign. He tried to found a colony in

America, ^' ' ' ' ''.":: "'

Elarly in J ^

put Arabella Stuart, a cuumu ut Jv

the throne. For this he was sent i

where he remained for twelve yeai-s, fJlling -,

by writing a History of the World.h« was released on tlie promise that he would i

a gold mine in South America; but T^il.I '^i"s

was to bring alx>ut a quarrel wi

break oflf the Spanish match. 11^ .i^ - " .» wt»

at once got into a fight with the s, and re-

taming without gold, he was behea<ieu on the old

oharge of ^reanoii, but really to pleaae Spain.

gtVAKT PIftlOD. i5

S The Thirty Years' War (161S-1648)

wagwi betwttixi the Koui ' 'ica and Prot«etanta

of Gennany. The l»a > Protafltanto wasJaiD«9' "ector of the Rh" ' ^

6»H p^ Stuart H**^^*"* ^

of

K! r in li

Massacnusctt-w«re diaaaiiBfit

ij ofM f>,,.

New Ei -^

rites - ' V arr. Earlset, a wicl(ed atid diasoiule tnaxi. }

'

' tifd in a mur<!«r. and w;i.s obliged

'. The wn<. Viliiers,

-J Duke .-in^ IT.. w.L-*

'tscman, and waa ^

• :i He wafl nninlprtvi

'

8. Sir Francis Bai

f

thoogfa a I

durinf( th<

)r, but wa* r

offices a

. k'uw i>««v UOlt

•y

d

»s

i to pajr a

^j Lha kiof.

«6 BRirum BISTORT HCfTBL

CHARLES i.— 1UW.1649.

X Charles I. was

likb nis father, he wa-*

thf

16l.'l' ; ' 1' lO he ruled wi

chiof a. ivi . rs were Straffo. _

to force bishops on the Scuts 1(

ing of th'-' M'jfir.M^i Covenaa.. . ^.^ -,

Charles us Long Parliament Aitor

two V' i: -:,a civil war broke •* •" -^ ' ^

the i.!>,' >• r i. He was tried :<

in lOiy. .

2. The Petition of Right (1 628>.~Ch*rlw I. ^^t

into de'

called a_

him any .suppliea ui, the Petition ofRight. The chief pr .—

N'o taxes were to be levied without the ooasent

I ison was to be imprisoned unjustly.

{^o} oonii'-cs were not to ' ' -"i' * •' • *' • i -

(4) There was not to be '

3.SirThford, had 1.

ingham lived, but u;.

once awunf;^ over to

1640 b< ! as Lord-Lieutenant iiis

system, > rule with the assistance of a

standing army, he called Thorough. He wm bb'

headed in 1641 on the charge of treason.

47

4- /"*: 1 charge

IftSrA. . and nc

ided.

Oi irl<'5 trxik manv

ii'Vi-u II on every coiUi i-^ i)ujfcu"*i lo uw

' ing had no sutlionty to lery the tax-

•viu A time of peace.

(3) loknd, M well aa coast coantiea, had to pay the

rax.

ot a fleal.

. hut the

...;.g

\irlirimpnt - Tn It^tO. Charlee

-aoM.1],.A

.1, .ADH H. Jill, vtitll CWl •

•!«a yean. Aisoaf ite

4S BHinSH RI810RT VOTU.

no'. r --

CiH: 111 WtiltJ

wa ' ;;a1. Innp the Grand Remonstrance, a statement of aii

Charles' niis- ov.Tiii.irnt. Tn 1G18, tho^f mfml, is

who were f. were ex

Pride. (Tliio i.t> -^ i. < i uut .^^"•""'

der, nicknamed the Rump,of ." -

' '

exi

General i meuiberaordered! a t

8. T

tTTMUiT nouoe. 49

foor otb«n.

mf BRITIBH HIITORT MOTM.

! -ntin- I-CLILlUll UI Kl^ilt \^'<l'^

J"f

the L«.*ng Parliament in 1640. vr

broke out he became the I Sides,and then o? the whole Fj" Hetook ft pt f

,

and was it. .r*

Commonwealth. He put down the J: 'f

IrdAnd and Scotland in 1649 1651. In 1' i

! the Rump and socm was made Protector..n v.-.nr« 't... imI..,! t. I f > , ..,,..,-,,„ .,,wl ..,,...,.., Ifp,

.11

lll.~i 1.1J1U-, KliU i lS

brilliant. Th- il

battle ' * '

II

from M

from I'min France

4. The ation. - ion ofRichard ^ , General . 1 flm

Rump, and in 1660, after ordering a new ol

the Long Parliament dissolved. The Conveiinwij,an the new parliament was called, M'as composedmainly of Royalists. The House of Lords againassembled and Prince Charles was invited over fromHolland to be king. This event^ knowc «• the

Restoration.

CHARLES 1^.-1660-1686.

X. Charles IL had everything in his favor atfirst, but he was too fond of pleasure to make a goodruler. He never ceased to aim at absolute power,imt be was too much afraid of losing his throne !•

ITUART PERIOD. Bl

the matter f»r. England soon lost the high

pUoeabehadwo ^' ' * ' *'t> Dutcheeoilj defeaterl lea wasMcrvily

•o got t:

the tiat-

ToriesClaxenitheTn-

nee, mndi we find

.igS andEarl of

ri aa

_ 1 law

i;^ was the Habeas Corpus Act

t-EJasue *' '>p«.

'i>'' 11 vi said that over i w,vvv ^)«uple

i

it

f..r

were laid oat

War'I .

.

rly yi>ara of

the

rH

iUica and burufU tue

of •

Of.^Uier

4- octrci iicai^ <ji uovci 'iu70).-

B» BRITISH BISTORT NOTM.

xnent wished an alliance of European nKtions tocheck the {xjwer of Louis XIV. ("'

sold himself to Louis by the Secret Tr^.-.^ ^. .,„.i..

.

Ita t<?rm9 were

:

'' '^'"Harles agreed to declan ^ - " - ^»

C 1 aid Louis in all his h

Louis was to pay Charles ;e300,000 a year andturniih an army to put down the English should theyrebel.

5. The Cabal.king's a/lvisf;ra wcf 2-

ingham, Ashley and Lauderdale. Their initials

make the word Cabal. These niinictirv mlr..! «n

badly that ever since, tlje term 1

any secret union of persons who iuimn vnc-

interests by dishonest means.6. The Popish Plot.—In K"

low character, TitUS Oates bv i

with ti of a Uoithe ki;

The story

lievfd it,

C

up a i;

laws were passed«:r<*i)t i^« r)uke ol

')f Parlia-York, being excluded from bothment. These laws were in fr>- "

'.

7. Whigs and Tories- arose inthe latter part * >

•

jj jheWhig^S were o: 'ork, andwished t« k". ,ll ilic Liirune.

"

n

favored hi- Mary, ^^hn h-

Prince of Orangeof the Duke of M-

.

Charles. The Tories were in favor of the iHike <ȣ

vrCART riRIODk h$

Y*rk. and in :vft»T vonr^ of liis Bon, the PrCtCndcr.Th • Exclusion Bill to' • • »o tho throne but

ig cities loet th«ir

8 The Rye House Plot—TTie chief tnembenof

•••

• . •

111'

ionoA iii^i ttangs their own wnj tor the rest of

Char!.-' - •.

9 1thfa '

*iU. Ill,

'. Sir \

bhing w< a

Act (1661).—All persons

(• lo inj oMinbers of the Church of

il were afUtf*

3. The DecUration of Indulgence wm ia*u«i

54 BRITIBH BISTORT ITOTIS.

hj Charlea II. in 1672. He wished to give Catholics

iraedom of '' ' <1 Diasentera, bnt

Parliament f Declftr»tion

4. The Test Act (U.7J;.—^Ul pe-

office, civil or military, were to tntr

they did not believe the dCatholic Church, and were i\i

according to the Church of EnglanA

JAMES XL—1685-1688.

I. James II. was a Boman Catholic, bat he tookan oath to respect the laws and support the Cli

of England. Thf> Duke of Monmouth nt

made an effort (<

at Scdgemoorthe height of h

away with the i 1

army, and to have the l&y

removed. He attacked l. ^...... v

of England and the Universities, and turned •

the Tories against hira. Although warned of

daiiger by the Pope and by Louis XIV., he '

blindly on. His Declaration of T "

brought about the Trial of the 1

which ended in a defeat for the king. ^'

Orange was then invitod ovr to drive Januchrone. He landed i id in 1688, and J a

Ending everyone aga , fled to France. J . ,

:

•vant is known as the Revolution.2- Monmouth's Rebellion.—In \C'^^' fii- nii!,-«»

of Monmouth landed in England to i

In the battle of Scdgemoor he was (leican^i. m :

being taken prisoner, was beheaded. Judg^eJeffries was th«n stnt down to the seane of the ris

rtVAtn PKKIOB. 5S

iac to if. 1 thf

Bloody A ' 'van

bnitai , i tr'icl

•entenoM. H <i the rebels were put to

death ''• ^"'^''i "-• f"'- :> f'li'i of jeara, while

other cl or torturecL"

ui LJic ocvcii ui:>iiopS —In loot',

•d a Declaration of Indulgence, and

orucr- '' ' '"'S. Tho king

had ft iimf>nt, and bo

h-• of

ck

foriooA. The " SevenV^k t riiwl it ,r '

t* I ., Ill

4

.Tthi

"K !!»•

IC RRtTISB HI9T0BT NOTM.

itruggle had g(<: 'rough four reigns, and endedin rictory for t:

^s<p> WILLIAM III. (1689-1703)aC^x ' AND

<^y MARY XL (1689-1694).

1. William was quiet and distant in his manner,and was not liked by the English, but he ruled

according to law, and that was all that ww*- "^

pected of him. James II. landed in Ii

and wade an effort to regain the throne, uu

he was defeated in the "Battle of the Boyne.'

1690. The Jacobites, or followers of .1

were put down, Kut they continue<l to plot n

William's nt. W;life was to r power <•

most of his reign was taken up witli

Queen Mary died of small-pxjx in i

important acts were pa.«?Red in William's reign, the

most nuted being the Bill of Rights and the Actof Settlement.

2. The Jacobites in Scotland wei„ led by

Graham of Claverhouse. N'iscount Dundee, a

ii. •; la^t/ L>'

\v. After Ii

went home and p^ace was restored.

-2 THf Mn<^c;,Trr<^ of Glencoe.—The Highland

ti (1 pardun if they to<jk tli'*

o<ii,.w. ....^,<v.,.. w^„,., Jan. Ist, 1692. Ma^^^":"'^'

of Glencoe was a little late. William

formed about the circumstances, and soluu-ia »t:i

Mat %o Gleoooe to puiiish Maodonald. For several

TDABT PUUOa or

dmjm Ihe soldiers were hotpitablj trMtfld bj the oUu;

lh«none ni^ht uianj of the people were treacheruusly

mardered • •'— guesU. Thi" ^ wliich wmeaoaed by tjetween the ' ^ and the

M«odouii' : :t a stain <>n NV m.

4- James in Ireland— In I'^' . cltheLord-Li''!;'' i,.t'.; ot' it.' 1 :

aoda \'::^'' .':-•

lege t -17 '^-^

flk^ of the tormer, and ac

were defeaUnl at N**"^*'^" ^

•Dera. In 1 1>^0, Wwon the battle

France. The -

next jear

being the

crick. II -ii^ iruii

Koman Cn- liiom went

off t4> •

I>.ui>. XiV. 1,

Alliance of .

F'r«ii'-e. En>{l .

William waa nt

Kri^lith fleet wC«^>e La Vwar wan ( -.

onoe Williatu -

fullJ repairMl K

of iiiM eoemiee. A-William aa king, t^

Rjrswick, 1697. 1

( 1 ) Fnuiott gave Uj. -.

ioiia twvatj Jtmn.

ri C«M 697).—The power of

• at thai a Grand.-. formed to humble(*f iheee nationit, and

>'--• - 1'>)0

ir

til'* coniuieui uie

landa Mora than.kil

.< ImmI

- iiuwledge

ircaty ofwrre :

—

„., .^uquaete ol lb« p«^

was AokaftvteilMd Klac of

t) Umk XIV. promiMdTo MM« «irt^ lid UJhdm IL Ir kb eflbna to rBooT«r lb* IfeNoad The BlU of Richtt (lM»).~Iit

(1) Th* kiaf MMl Ml Wy lam wftkovl t^ coa-

Mnl of ParliAizMBl •

(I) Tko peopU maj MtiHoa Iho king Md iAMi—nhofi lo ParHamftfr—ly.(I) P^"Hi—al mmj d«Ulo vilkovl Cmt «( p«»-

lihmenl.

(4) Tho adtnlniBtmHoa of jm«H— lh» mImJ trf-

lag ol PMM in ooart—moil not bo lamporod wilL

(6) T«97 koarj fine* and oruel and vnumuU paakik-

Boalf woro not to b« Infliotod.^

(!) AnjoM who ii a Romaa OalhoUo, or wW bKATfiodi lo • Bonan QalhoUo, oaa aot bo

7. The Act of Set (1701) was paaaedbecause William li*td n :i and Anin-'s ohiltJr^-n

were all dead. The pDvisioiis were :

—

(1) After Anne's death the crown w;., ^^ ^.. ^.

Sophia of Hanover, grand-daughter of James I.,

and her heirs if Protestant.

(2) The Sovereign of England must belong to theChu' ' "' ' 1.

/ to hold office for tife, or during, as formerly, at the royal pleasure.

r-S-

. Ut

< i no odioem the armj, the navy, or the

(ii) The Mutiny Act (1G89) provided for the payof the army for one ytar, and arrac^^ Ihat thio

VrUABT FBIUOD. Moffif. '

""

:ij oouris to try

offi-; , Thb Act mustbe paA34

(3) Ti Act (1 694) enacted that a gen-

oral eleotiua wma to be held at least every three yean.

V>iNE— 1702-1714.

I. Anne was a dull, but well-meaning woman, who-

' ' ' - ' -• '' ' ' - ' ing the

The.'h-

Of

v.t

I7o7 ! '<T

i 1 1 1

n won 4i ini

in

- ia

00 BuruiH HiaroBT Noraa

1709. Th« wmr waa carried on in Spuin aiao, tb«

•hifsf ev«nt being the capture of Gibraltar in 1704.

Tbe Peace of Utrecht closed the war, the ohiel

terms being :

—

(i) England received Gibraltar, Newfoundland,Aoadia, and Hudson Bay Territory.

(2) The Pretender was to leave France.

(3) The Sover<-- *" ' •-' ' as proTid«d by law,

were to be ackti

(4) The crowns or r ranee atiu .Spain were to be for-

ever kept separata.

-^ (1) Scotland waa to have 45 members in the House

<rf Commons at London, and 1 6 members in the Houseof Ix)rds.

(" T'l.-re waa to be freedom of trade between the

I .... . ..i.;,', ilea.

(3) The Scots were to have their own form of

church government (Presbyterian), and their ownlaws and law courts.

(4) One sovereign was to rule over the whole

country, which waa now called Great Britain.

BRUNSWICK PERIOD.1714—u. F>r.

( -C.rt^i- Grandson < '1-1727760

Mfl V.>0

n37IV .: i'H)l

i'"ii I'tlO

>«.•« r^c \ .—:>- n VJlit-

(Edward VII. really betan a new dynasty.)

Okmn tttrutie*.—DTtloptnent in civil and religlotu Uk-

«rty ; in colonization and comnMrca ; in inven-

tion and maimfnctiirinc.

OEOROE L—1714 1727.

' orgt I. wM a son of Sophia of Hanovsr.]v f;iv,,r.«1 ill., TTIiura^ an th«j had sup-

ined in power dor-- - Tlji* isealied

ofWh •• In 1716, the"

tie Preiendar oad «T«Bt of thkwhich waa, fird thntiwiaiaadii

yaan*. s w»?r« the.r,,] tV Liaorga died

'^ -•- * ok place in

. Edward.cr, fjut the Liaiti'.>« vi i^reston andended the rebellion. Several ooblea

<1

62 BRITISH BI8T0BT yOTU.

and ot

'

SOT degree were pat to death for their

share i;. rising*.

3. The Riot Act (1716) enacted that any u>iUw-(,A . MHibly of '—"" that did not disperse on the

rjd of a t« became guilty of felony

JUKI might be t,'' i'les this, the r~ !

or mob could I" iers.

4. The Septenmai Act ( i /

!

genTal plfv^tion wh« to !>*» )>«^)d .i

v< f every t

iu rrp. T!

unwilling i • l-ii-

t^en," and ^ ry

afl. In 1720, the Company en;

nient with thf'' . 1

-., ^^^,.y „,.n; i^,

pay off the K t, the Govern-

V

1

_ca

Shares rose from\vt>nf, wild with (v

> the ground and

ert Walpole had^>oheme, and as h^

ii he was made Pr, • •

]i

k <u> very j'

oi i.'ib no ot! .1

ehouid bo in the Government. Hi-} " > >' •' ^"

keen Eni/Iand out of war, and tht- 'uiiuy h<-^airje

misnuui>

upelled to

resign i ^oived a paaeion, and wmm

T

fit.

is*»<I

CiLOUOE U.— 17 27- 17GO

awn into the War of the AustrianTn 171." Plinrlf'c, Pd\A.'nr(! (}>«

V . r.- ?-i.-.-.- ' ut

t !•' war by \ >'.

2. Waroltiic A "^

th«» Emperor Cha'

..f A;:

UrtLeii. i iit- 1 t-««iy ot Aix-la-•jwd tb* war. Th« ohiaf Unna

64 BftlTUB HMTOET HOTM.

(1) The rarious n--»-

with the exct'ptiun of

(2) Maria Theresa I

,- . j

3. The Forty-five. es Edward,

the Young Pretender, landed in >

pushed on to Edinburgh. With an at ^

landers, he defeated the royal army at Preston-

pans.but ?**t'

. . \V I )M <» .-lilt""

utterly rout-vic;

ed at CuUoden Moor, lu ur The royal

army, un.l, , tho Duke of Ci. -d, r'»fc down

the reb. grwt cruelty.

waahuu u place to place f"

when he managed to escape to France, tor aev* lul

years the Highlanders were forbidden to wear their

Highland dress ; but when Pitt became Secretary of

Stp -ed several regiment* of them to fight, in

thf wars, and permitted them to wear

jj

;

ne. Since thea the HighUndere l.« .

«

bt" *^-

4.T ^s'War'^'-

pules thand J

America and ii. htona war. It wascarned

on by Britain in irt«d way at first, nnd there

were many misfortunes. This led to a 'the

Ministry. WilUam Pitt, "The L. ^^om-

tnoner " was made SecreUry of State, and he set to

work vigorously. Soon there were British succeesea

in all parts. Canada was conquered inJ-^e

years

17r)H-1760, the British being ' ' ' " "-"Is W^Olfe

an.l Amherst Tn Europe, ^

u*.!', »

victory in Quiberon Bay, and also tne battle of

Mindea By the great battle of PlasSCJT, 1707,

,„.-w ^ PIRIOD 65

Ciivuf '

clo-'-M ;... ..

''

'"'" " • ida andp%

-- ,_ .on-

*in gare up Minorca ami Florida to th*

5- Clive. was Mnt oat as a cl«rk

of

at

Gr

!iat

in all pa;

X. Georf^ III. was a grandson of G< . HaWas Terv with all cliwea, but ha wiabad »•

0« RITI8B BI8T0BT VOTM.

SOTern in nls own way, and this brought nothing Vmtisa^ter in

^' ' '' '' ' '- 1775, tho

thirteen < and wonti„

-

Ctra.i.. lijpiie. > reigu

w;i y n in' '-anoa,

wh lown.

Fruiii i _ uit*d

States. Under Warren Hastings and his suc-

cessors the British power '" T,,,] a n^rew fast. G*"*'-"'^

was insane during the years of bis

and his son Gcorge, Pi lacc of Wales, acte^j H.N

Regent2. The American F

To aid in paying the oo:>

was proposed to tax th^ Uiiit««n BiitiUi c<

south of Canada. The colonists objected, a.*^

were not represent^" British Parliament

Stamp Act of K^ vd that all lagal '

ments in the colonies should have stamp* placed on

them, but strong opposition to this led to it« rapeal

the next year. Other taxes, howerer, were imposed

on such articles as tea^ lead and elaSS, and at last,

in 1778, the colonists rebwlled. An attack was at

onoe made upon Canada, but it failed^ and the

Ajnericans were driven out the next year. On the

4th of July, 1776, the ooloniee declared their inde-

pendence. The principal erents of the war were (1)

the battle of Bunker I the surrender

of a British anny unfi> _ at Saratoga1777, and (8) the surrender of another British armyunder Comwallis at YorktOWn, 1781. The Americans, under their great leader, George Washing-ton, were entirely suooesaful Towards tlM UHer

vere &t war ^t

•mI th«

lies, aud rr^pain re-

3. Wiiiian.~

--."wMa r.-'T-l ^•-i'<' r and

;^ made .' in

»?.

'*•

iu

(1

Me<r

m

4. William Pitt, "the rnnnj^r," n wm of the

'It Gunmouer," -y.

• rr\rijf Prinir ?.' "3,

J IB

.1

but hia

MUTMNi murwomi v

his grOAt r-

'

,«•;! •') Itl*

6. ii were losing

thill .. .. , ...,j were gainingvast tr.'iots of l.iiid in the East. Captain Cook•' ' tliroo voyagp'^ *' '"» Pacific Ocean. He ex-

1 part of and discovered many"

' 'H of Australia and1. In 1779. he wa«

• •-

• U_

a

[KJUitl Co it

Botany ^-1-

.'>\v among the most

7. Union of the British and Irish P'"'^"tS (1801).-!- i'^^2 to ISO" '>'•• '

Home RuK Irish all

iii!^ ccjutrol of the insn I finiament.

loatler was Grattan. The Irish Ca»

»>

legar Hill the <

i^- va"^ put down t

cruelty. m

• «i the J

f .:v' on Jan. 1st, 1801. 1 velOO

; -in the Imperial ii'ms.- <ji vom; n, and.pa and twenty-four lords in the Hwu>«.' ,.t

Lur li. •8. The French Revolution^—The people of

iM '-en

united

t ofV

TO BBi..n

of Mos'in mid-

evf i at

Lei. to

Hlba. i li 1^ i ', i't'

aud wa'^ ' • i.i

battle <•: ho was

by StHeieiid., ~>''"ii> '• II*' 111''" "1 '

'- '

•

11. The Peninsular War (1808-18U) wucaused by '' "

plac* hi"* b'

Th'- i Hi

18< ikc

of Wellington ; waa soul Uj

victory at vimiero. He V.

Sir John Moore, who s

at Corunna iu lt<oy, in v.

lesley was again sont out and con'

the end. H^) won battles at Oporiu - '" i

iu 1809. Busaco in 1810. Salamanca in l

Vif • 1813. 1

of 1 were ti:

18U.12. The War of 1812 n«12.181.i .-i

by

tra

" Right of Search." The Americans ina-i

deteruii"-'' •'' .',c tn COnqU*'?' Panar^a

were u: The war ^1 on by

BOA, oarii rtifit' (.ainu! "" Trf^r^-ty

of Ghent in 1814tli<! iiritt>r3 in dispute. }traiu:« (^ aiiaaut

BRUKSWIOX PIRIOD Tl

—1820-1830.

I. George IV. li^l l^' n Regent daring the" is very

il, and," ne,

he

••*i, andnaval

in

. _. mII were

Acts,nAct.

iwa ji^jainsl i »i.si«nii«»rs ana

Ailianct' ' union

f Ru a, nnd

j in-

Lord Castle-

nia.nc:paiiun /\'

Corporation A'

.1-

t4> ialt* Ilia *•

7t BRITIBH BirrORT NOTM.

WILLIAM IV.—1830-1887.

1. William IV., a brother of G«orffe TV., wmliar on account Theof l»is reign was ; .i,')o for

] entary Reform, wiu.h eii<l«.-«i in the pasa-

First Reform Bill in lv.",2. This wasut tht*

! , , ... iiiuni-

m. A notable event of tl. le

Lu. .-i.^ of the first steam railway hj .jt;^..^^ .i^ph-

euson in 18S0.

2. The First Reform Bill a832).—The Houseof Commons did not fairlv represent the people." ...... .

.^^

a

.b.

mBill .re :—

I 1 - .^!it to send a rrn-

)w, ......J .^ ^ ^ud one instead

as formerly.

(3) Many laig*- towns, formerly not representea,

were to have a member. ^(4) Some counties had their number of representa-

tives increaflwl.

ff) 'o those paying£10 '» to those pay-

Tl *_' classes, but not the lab-

oring people.

3. Other Important Acts :—The Act for the Abolition of Slavery (1833),

provided for the emancipation of all slavet in the

BKUITflWICK PBBIOD.

^ritbh ooloniM, nor* particnlftrlr in th« Wwt Tn-

les, where they were most r -s

vsiv..! £20,000,000 M ooii

;

^n

>erforce were the chief agiiators for this

The Poor-Law (1834) ordered the building. .. ' • lus^ mid all persons unable to support

• were to bo sent to these j)lace«.

'V Uie ou(uu}u« every year.

VICTORIA—1837-1901

.

Victoria war, tho <! the Duke of Kent.

I nc irirti i»iUj, ana iru i.<ii

74 BSmSB BWrOBT NOTM.

2. Xh^ T?ArkAal nfthf- Cnrn T aw* nF4flV—Fofmany >•• '

igland

t ' I- 1 cc i » <»n»-

1 .tl>ehaii fl«der«

i -K

'1.

;aa

i -P

Robert Peef waa able t Lawe,

..i,,i rl,.. linti,'-, i.ri ifi-nin . 'ished.

1,

llUa HM« Tlir. ['!«»<. CI\^CH J''•

country.

3. The Chanists w. re a body mthe early yf*»r8 nf Vict^)ria's reign, le

atlov'tion ' ^nar-

ter."" T,,

(i) Vote Ir

(2) That a 1 ember of Parliament

without having land of Ins own.

(3) That the country should he divided into equal

electoral districtA.

(4) That all men ahould have ...u.

.

(5) That there should be a general elecfeion overy

I That members of Parliament should be paid

I,, .

- • • ' ' .w.

In 1

«'"

i,ro<- <j Parluimeiit. ^-

4. The ^f the

uioet nott . ^ -»twon

fame in India. Then ho was uaade leader of tha

nnt-watrfCTS t>Bui(M 7^

rehe

it' > lie wa :er, l^ut

watf ^^ful poll was 80

much (X)poMd lo reform that i -ly

muxirnilfir. AflCr his r*«ii'ii7iti _ . _ ^ litO

•? peopl' ved to call hina the

1 . . wu.v'' *Iero of a HundredFights." I -.

^ 71 - ' - '-"I ^^'-'^ '^^ - Em-^•f--: I . >! ur-

k' V shoulu L- ' Ik*

'•' '-«! of t\' .sh,

ut Tur-

-i. Th«

ata ot tno war were the :ia,

in and Balaklava^ muI Se-

laat wa^ in

,,,) M..- . lit

al

«" »<>iiiii'r'-.

tnen oame a«

tTerings or ih>j w

4^ tha war. It

•t of t?w Ptiltan, Wong^nif to A^

Sea was to bn ckwed to tla* Hnwiao

rit-

.(I. .-.1 .» li. " - of

oartridyi ai ml-

76 BaiTItB HIVTOBT VOTU.

didi'i of India, *<>•"•'- '^-^ thiswM meant %• inter-

fere with their > cause them to loM casta.

In 1857, t' " '''^ - - - --

petrated )

upper part oi India 1 j;

noted leader was Nan.were the eiege of Delhi, ilui bio^ d

the massacre at Cawnpore I -r

Gencr&l Hav rched to the assist-

ance of the ^ „ ^ i!i, and Sir Colin

Campbell followed with another army. In 1858,

the rel)el« were put down, and the government

of India was taken out of the hands of the East

India Company, and transferred to the Orown.

7. Important Acts :—The Second Reform Bill, (1867), was passed

throuph PHr'inm^-nt by Mr. Disraeli (afterwards

Lore' In lx)n 10 paid

£10 ! "S, those - rate*,

had the right to vote.

The Irish Church Di«?estahHshment Act,

(1869), was brought air tone. The

Irish Church was disf — v- i^i, it ceased

to be a State church— i [it of its rev^ues was

applied t. i*r ' O .ryof that church, and

part to n - !• wid.

The Iristi i-and Act, (it^70), and similar

since, have piven th« Irish t«>nant6 a more sec

Mutof their holdi

»cii^^H

I any improvem(

they may have made.

The Educational Act, (1870), enacted tli^

wherever there were not enough schools to educate

all the children, schools were to be built at the ex-

pense of tb'' whole people. Siaoe then, oompulsory

BRryirnCK PKRJOO. ft

i'Ti» ,,,^1 ,,. t .

.»,',.<( ni ] tiiiiiv a/^lifwiiu art*

a halt 111

wl. .'..

BftmtB BnvoRT vows.

Quell-

';^cs ,'1.

deal of<^'. and ii .

10. Minor Wars.

]srw» As a result, Re\ u-

Afghanistan, in 1839.1842, and in

h Burmah, in 1852, and in 1885. In tht

the country was conquered and joined t«

J

(4) With Scinde, in 1848, and the Punjaub, in^^ '" " >th were conquered and added * -^ -

^

ire.

{!j) \\ nil Abyssinia, in"

'^.

(6) Witj, Ashantee. in i again in 1896,

(8; With the B(^9') In Pp^vnt.

(10) In the ', to put downthe Arabs umlir ui. 1

u,i: t„ .v...

war General GordonII. Thr -^

story '•f '

.^iug auj' contaiiied

i ik; Locomotive 1

y-:r.\ .-r and speed, hasj

Hn,i ti... f?<y»f Ocean Steamers nijUte th« mont di»-

ail sones are

. llH"n, nil'

•^'f ag:rirri!ti of

t4l

••a

VI-

M Miirua umtomt voni.

pa'^^' >" % rvfpilftr riaitor to •'^'wy

pr ress luppliM DombcrloM bookcM i

a) With all tbeae ttdr^nUfM^ tb« fWafg< should be qoAlifiad to •• lb* inaMmana i.)6 \M>rthy to hmr% a voiM in Ibt dlrtftioB «l tktaffairs of so great a nftlion.

all theM fMn iIm Brhfah BajpAra hMf> ns: in exton% and inflaenoa, «nlu to-dbfet, hoat a pear—imeqiialled ia faktarf.

ii . hare been exploring all parto of toeworld, and " Darkest Airioa," ae weU a« •• the klee oi

th*" ^f>i " hfts been

er -1 and bl

od Iawbal improv

ArDiiraiu.is arlmini-t

"I

for

I .^ Kw ^i^r commercUU*; lionary spirit

/ reforming old

<f the people.

'ui oi war, and jtutioe

Tnily we areentorifeg

It r o be seenill phow . es worthy

1 liown, onim-

.ge.

the Extension of theThe movementFranchise -- i^---'- '-'- i i. "" ^--i

tlie land-owners, ii.^n r.

burgers or citizens of cci

ami C'

T , ;}if First Reform Bill, the Dfiri-

counties. ;)resenta-

)nf! "Rffnrm Rill. _ ^ , .

the rental to

I Reform Bill ndooted the•

' -le

ir

cd as citizens ot our great

a in Egypt. When the Suez Canal was:

" ^cnhe

' 5«

aai KcpL open lo li

82

The Transvaal <

Cape of (^TOfxl H'

dui

hated Britain and British rule an heabolition of slavery in all British as,

many of them treked north, across ngeand the Vaal rivers, drove ' ' ormade slaves of them, and •

ats.

In 1852, Britain ; dgcd the indepen-dence of these sett

In 1856, they formed the South African Re-public in the hope of establishing a centralgovernment and law and order ; but the taskbecame impossible. The settlers refused topay taxes, the public debt grew year by year ;

and, added to this, 1

'

with the natives, v

pre 1^7 7. withof I , Britain a:

country, and assumed the public debt.

In 1879, the Boers, taking advantage of

the Zulu War, rose in arms and the British

forces suffered reverses at Majuba Hill andelsewhere. The Gladstone Government thencame to terms and, in 1881, granted self-

government to the Transvaal Republic, butunder British j 'If-

government, bu. _ ^_ : herforeign relations as a means of protecting herother interests in South Africa.

In 1883, Kniger became Presidelimited franchise had been adopted requiring a

BSriMWICK PEBIOO 88

^ in the colony. This was' -''- -'- to

• or

all

al

in

^ . ;on

by the LondonJ.owned the most of

I three-quarters of the- ^'^ey

y-

uuforiuuate

^ preparing forf fornuT eX-

m to ti . es in-' '

••i c Lo drive

1 become the

ir fHlAw Boers in the^pe

ud• werefrom

e of 8upi)lirs. iJritaiii d the'- ' ' " ^ • ' -ner.

•n

- rs

• o-

of this policy

84 BRUNSWICK rEUOO

EDWARD VTT—1901-1910.

When Hdward VII.<:ani' at the concltiMon

I)ublic and social functions of the1 .. I

all his encr

alliances oi .

<>i Kn^^land, and Rv.'

.1 balance «

induc<! the

natiu;-; .

GEURGE v.—1910.

V711 Lui- (KMiii of his elder brothr- '

Clarence, Qeorge, Duke of York, I

C„-<_rr^r V,.

iiis l';r i, reign.

Intci ;he navy, (. j, ....

from the position of midsliipman

;

ihe spirit >'

' ' Britain, )

'

a thorough I . In all t

BIUNSWICK PBUOD S')

f the luUinn, King Georpe, ss well ««* Q«e«i Mar\', tb.-

lon of all his ^

1 1.

.11,1

•mplcio defeat and culiapsc of the Central

at number of nations involved, the marvetlon

;

t the Br I

Uu: n-udwm uf liriUui';; Mudcru U^Iuuiol I'ulicy.

THE GREAT WARThe Great War which l>^ i^ • '

19 1 4, has been so namedall other wars in the stupendous scaie on wnicnit was carried on :

1. Intlof the ba;

tude of the ci ought.2. In the I : _ . - of life—combatants;

and non-combatants—men, women anddren—on land and sea and in the air. I

been estimated that ten million lives havelost.

3. In the amount of money spent and thegreat is wrought—say twohundr

4. In the variety of means—invented or

perfected—that were used for both de^'^i' ''-

and defensive operations.

5. In the variety and destructive pu.vLi vi

the engines of war.6. In t*

•

it was C(

confident of ;

possible that .

for their crimes.

7. In the terrible massacrco ^i^i ^..^ v..^^-

rages on the weak and helpless civilians—oldmen, women and children, the sick and thewounded.

8. In the v

tions of the \

TBB GBBAT WAR

he complete defeat of the enemy as shown byterms which it has been com-

' of S9,ooo men, half^Ti.f ii,.. Ait,s

; whenwith an

, the con-i

; btit in

n

the fabulous sum of a

BRITISH HISTORY VOTKS

1 1 lus war, -

ence. The

—each had its

- II operati.'!!^ <.r

rtance.

The M^^^'^'He of the Battles .apalling. .such as that of t:

one side or the other was worn out and(•(1 or rcfircf'!. Fiti.'ilK- in imS. tli<-» \\.ur

allied ar- f

t^ ^^ 7

s abalilc-line w ;.

ized ; and, i e

asking for peace on any terms.

i'rmany

;ht, all c )

a conspiracy to . i-

tarv fr>rce. All (

r.nd on every public occasion they drank to' ,^or T?,'.'" •••''f-" 1 ii.-Jr rir.cV,..- x,T.,,]A u^ ^"-Jized.

TBS GREAT WAR 9.'i

''. the Man of *' blood and iron,"

. the father of this great con-

in

.-, he set to• "ie in Pr

, with 1^ ' .

but

K BftlTISB HISTORY NOTES

^ ork ofJ

"

for*' the' - .> • cly on- ..w.,...a, Italy, i^-vu-

niania, i, and Turkey being brought

into line i^n uic co—- ' "^ " o,

the Dual Alliance w; in

, the Dreibund \ is

'it in 1800. nr. f

i-

l'.

Thus a Mitteleuropa ext< hsea to the Persian Gulf v-u:! ..^ v;Mci..ii

The German Preparations for the Com in e

War were treachery i "-d. (i) It (

ized its man-pf<\vfr'

anding arm-

on of devices for war—guns, ex-. -i gases. (3) Its devotion to the

perfecting of the Zeppelin was that they michthave a means of reachin;- ''- '—

' '"" ";-'

military necessity as theis of transportation i ylod. (4) Vast supplies <

<- for the day when Diey would^'

.. the trap. (5) A spy systemwas organized and maintained that sujthe fullest knowledge of what wp " '"'^

and most minute maps were preconduct of the war. Even t

'

paigns were planned to the•rid liav'

13 I TJi.

horrible as to be considered mithinkable.

The Outbrtak of the War.—Thinking all wasm-of

:iOt

,ied

' an in um to> fo dec... ... ..cr. To

\ so powerful an enemy,ny

, it

cd'y-

'1 ngir:' ;ce

ris

. I . I. i w I s of

! front andlie wased to

m-;Ot

in. iJri-

n her1)1 iLuiii entered

t)

02 BRITISH HISTORY NOTES

Liiui£> 111 the German Calculation :

I. Britain did not hold alootfrom the strug-Oerman fleet was checkmated from

l)Ut, : le

Austrians.

3. Bclf^uni V..V. ... .^...w. .^ ...V, ,-^JIaLion

of her neutrality.

4. The French and British had time to pre-

jiare. Paris was defended and the Germanswere

5. ' not take so long

to mobilize, but ; 0.

6. The insurrc... - -,, - , _ -:ia

and South Africa did not take place, and the'" h and labor difficulties v^'-- -'•' « i-^* '>

ance in Britain.

7.^' '

; and the other ^Tcai overseas

Doir. itered heartily into the sinic^He.

8. The "c little I'

became a m< ie part > f

the Allies.

4). The mines it scattered on ,..^ , „a

and its U-boat operations were not so com-pelling as it thought they would be.

10. It was unable to capture the coast of

The Germa» Advance.

—

dinto Belgium, the German b: din the form of a great arm from Strassburg toKf.\-/-^T|(J BrU*^'^''^^ onri l->r.<mn itc /->v f i-.tl 1 1 1 ti f r ''^id

ft3

nnd hy sheeras,

.. of

i forces

•rent

re-

to

e.

f\n ihf Wpcifprn Prnnt in rnr.i J^\'

u. . 1 '-a

Joflfre ish

Ill,'

to

04 BMTin BISTOtV NO-n^s

Calais, from which they mi!-' - ^ ri\orn.

against England. <;

»i ic fought, culrp"""" ',f

Ypres in which t e

Antwerp fell into uic Jianas ol l.

The Campaign of 1915, onfront, was one for p-

suits. The Allies wilack of ammunition and high explosives, whilethe enemy was well su'>"l^'<'^i TT,,- Fr..Ti,>ii

carried on operations in '

...;.,-.^j^^j tried to take inu v->i.

-ut success. In April, the J 1

tnc S-• - ' -

-

of th< ]

poisonous gas.

first to cx])cricnc'

held the line for four days and were able toblock the way to CaUis for a second time.In July, the enemy had another surprise—in

using liquid fire. "> Each of these dcablcd them to gain some temporary a^

In 1916, the Crown Prince made a iiiosl

desperate effort to»break the French linr* andcapture Verdun, but he was unsthe loss of life on both sides w: ^

,

To relieve the pressure at Verdun, a coi;

offensive was launched on the Somme in j u. ,

.

This battle lasted on into November and it

was here that the B^' ' ' '^ ' "-' "

The loss of men in 1

nearly f\ million and a hall o[ men.. Laicr n\

the year. General Neville was made Com-

»5

France.... _

, ,.,-- of 19x7 was a succession of

ttrnK'lo bailr, : ly won by the Allies..( «U.. A1!

Ui«im. The very fruit

s. The Fi

Uaiiadiuxi^i.

of the

:uk.cu aii-i :..«. u.'ic was iiui muLca uniu ixic

^X' BRITISH HISTORY NOTES

enemy w. .. on therailway )i , _

_^ , ....:.;, Gen-eral Foch was then put in supreme command ofthe forces of the Allies.

In April, the second oflfensive. the Battle ofLys, V ' ' in Fland .

'" h

the I' > an<l < ^

loss in hlc V. ,;

grimly paid a

the third great oiicnsive was i, inChampagne, and was not halted till ^ "^^

had again reached the Mame. But all i

victories had been* bought at a great cost mlife.

Ti T '' fourth ;.''"

attle of t

1' ready andfo: attle were r*.

forces were called into action atThierry. ' The advance was held, ti.^.. ...v.

enemy was compelled to retire and was drivenback as far as the Aisne.The Battle of the Last Hundred Days.—Th^

of' '

a:

delivered, now here, now iherc, bii

Under the command of Foch. d

being gained and manycaptured, while the loss in «>.ii^ .i ..ii^^

was demoralizing to the foe.

In August, the first of t''

gun, in Picardy, and wasI he Canadians particularly di^imgiuihiag thcia-

THK OtEAT WAR 97

•Tvi*<i. It w.-i; on! HI! that then the- 'he

::L.urg

The

y- an armistice, which v. nr ,•]. :.• ,1 • • • •. - . e.

:<t

;t

e

:g by.. but

Augustovo aud had lo retire

.1

OS BRITISH BISTOKY KOTBS

tmtinpj Fp*<^«^ force at selected points, he\v

cJ

and supplies, wcre.dr n' taken, Poland r-

ed far into Ru la

andIn ans remained on the de-

fcnsi\c iiii;ii ji, o,

under Brussilof,^ s-

sure at Verdun. Lutsk was i i andGalida a^'^ T^"Vowina ovemi" ' ^-^-er

358,000 -, while of c II

loss was \l; y iicuvy. Lack ui ^ i-

tions brought the offensive to a o-

cember. •In 1917, the mismanaj::ement in the supplies

and munitions caus-ed c 1,

the revolution broke ou . dand the nnembers of the royal famil;

prisoned and afterwards murH' '- -^y,

for a time, rose to power ai •-

,._ ,

ublic. F" " >ios of ( r.

The Ku ,1-

i:andn v.- _ anry, 1918,

- - -, but therewas no ' The Treaty ofBrest-Liiw^ ,^ ,>,i,, o^tiivvi. by which Russiagave up Kurland, Poland and Lithuania, and

THB GUUT WAX 99

I and Ukraine, and the Bol-

le of the

i

icli had been

1916, >t

.ll

ricted U-boat

100 Bkiri^n ni'^TORv notes

p.— , ; ., . .r.^^^ u;^g

'le

.L-

n,

.1.

ch

and supplies, i d the...... .,..v.iit of neutral couii.. .. . ...--"- - "-m andled both Italy and United States to enter thewar.German Atrocities included air raids, the

, ..... ...^^j

sd•1-

. of

, the t 4 of hospital

. i,.v ccw. ving away . v. wJians to forced' r, the outraging of women and girls, the; f • - ,: , . The

1 and' ia

an<i] ss of the Russian

, Roumania entered the war in 1916.

'x,i^ iviii^', who ''- '.'"-•'''••-'-'' •^ +'--' r.f Oer-

many, had died r

\ ' ''

>)-

,ie

i a1 ui

1 their i

1 ; n I o I 7 . ,iS

THE CRSAT WAK 101

rti5hc(1 and it^ rich resotirces of oil and otherdisposal of the enemy to

Var.—In 1915 Italy joined the

1J auJ llic AudlhaiLs

02 BRITISH HI9TOKV

was asked for, and r^mnf '^nis whichshut Austria < ar—the

third of the encm . .1 .i^ w ^i^<„ m.Serbia and the War. At first Serbia was

mr'i

wngn;

the-

was defeated ; and wi

strujiglein 19 15 the con,,... .

Seibia .was completed, withoutrages. Her army was *'^-

in ships and transferred to

The Gair ' -^

force tlie 1

and sever tiic ^

East. Delay .

enemy had time tostrt.

almost impregnable. ^ ...

lost and 100,000 of our fin

tor -" - "'' - ''

to

op.

jet

Grfro:,

enemy's ranks when Bulgaria ;

W^-en T'^-key entered the We to British in

ai: ' - - ''-

to

Caa 1-

THE CKBAT WAk

was sent to the Caucasus, where the'"

' ' '^^e

al

as

aud acknuwiedgcd as an indepen-

3. and Palestine, Tur-^ Aciiii^/iC of Bulgaria and sentid to ask for peace terms

—

mc enemy powers to drop out of

ry and

agdad I

' > J,-

104 BRITISB HISTORY KOTBS

firnt rotintn'. Thrn, in tot 7. thr rrftec<»^ of

:cr

. ..., ..^^. ..^. id

n, and, in 1918. ( ig

lii 1 uildsh troops at ^'' ngDamascus. Palestine v, m

ihle Tuil ' !ce

Cn for 1 cir

font •

I ! a y.ood slice of Serbia nnd oer-

le its old rival, Bui is

icJ l>y /.........ad. "the fox of tlw

to join the enemy, in 19 15, ani! ic

ia.

The " aar:ainst ^n

r si. In I se

_ . . _ n frr.nt, cr

y, became active. 1 ie

ci.i .-Li.iuner till, in SeptemLv., .... .....K-.-an

army was completely routed and Bulgaria'

(1 for peace, sr ' •- *"^ - li-

-lly into the bn st

link to break in a. .

The United St r.—Very early

in the war friction be^an ii d

States and Germanv .itkI \^

1915 and 1916—the '<.-

ade zone around the i^im.-.i x^iv.^ of

AnKn( an lives in the sinking of vc ^le

ng of the Lusitania— t' n of

IS to the Allies—the i nee of

rut" i.ktlAT WA» 105

1 war \

to the Allies. A

n

nr.

c

:\T. and in the

ion of all

^JttV-l \.'.Ji^^\. i'

v«4v.v> uii ail

106 BKITISB I9VOIT KOTW

conspiracy against civilization thus came to a'all

The final terms of peace with Ati<?tr?a, Bul-Karia and Turkey arc not (July,

1919). but the Terms of Pe. rmanyinclude :

(a) Tl

(b) T ifg.

(v

(d) Ti

(e) Tk. - _ war.

(f) The abolishing ot compulsory military service in

Germany.

(g) The reduction of its army and navy,

(h) The razing of the fortificaiions alon- *

(east and west.)

(i) Th^ !t of a large ir ' =••

(j ) Tl . ton for ton, c;' ng destroyed.

(k) Tl. -f the baare VaUey—the coal

mines to

(1) Tl ntrol of Germany'sfinances,

(m) The in ' '^.

(n) The an ...ian

treaties.

(o) Germany recognizes the League of Nations, butis not admitted. C•(p) Germany surrenders, for trial, those responsible

for the war and the outrages committed in carrying it on.

MISCELLANEOUS.; is the whole body— . -sions which define

th t. It is different from tha*''

't '.^-v iw u> uot contained in one formal

z. 1 nc British Government oonauta of Ihreebraiicli*- :

-

The Sovcreig:n ' y).

The House of L (iditary and appointed).Th»? House of Coinmons (•U-ctive).

X A RcDresentative Government i« oneeleo-

n«;i'hl#» nr>v»»r"rn^nf we mean that

a majority of

u^ Go '^practice

-iiigall t). ;

',e

a party.

T.

I** Ministerial Party i-' th«» party in power.in Parliament

It watches•4 each act, and aims to seoare the reiua

ter, Premier, or Leader^'•f' T" •! Uj whom the

lit of theaflairs

let or Ministrv ia the body of aian> •therwiM carry on the>aM ohargt ci ooa branch

vi«parteMii> ^ lsit*t«k

107

108 BRITISH H15TOBT NOTES

10. A Coalition Ministry Is on© wiiose memberaare drawn * ore than one of the partiea in Par-

liament.

11. Win n a new Parliament i« v - ' -' '^ ,^.

«r<»i^n iRsups "writs" to each com ng'>r8 to choose a repreeentuUvc at a cor-

for the ol'^ftion.

12. A * 18

a part of i^ ^ ro-

aentatives to Parliament.

13. The Electors are those who ar.. .m/illflf,! to

vote for a repre.sentative. This qua, te

is called the Franchise. Manhoou : segives a vote to all men over the age of le

years. The vote is now '' ' \- Ballot, ihe

elector is thus fr**« to vot^ ' lif> pU^uies.

14. The Ca' ! flavor-

ing to secure 1 nfnt

;

the one who n .:.- inaiority, or >t

number of vot^s, l^ d- iar-jt ci'-cted. TJn te

who has no one to oppose him is returned by accla-

mation.15. A General Election is one in which erery

constituency must ch<x>se a representative.

16. A By-Election is one in which a single con-

s'

'

a representative. It i" ' ' i)<>-

t ons, when on a<'connt

'

o-

' of a mei :t,,

I without ;

17. To convene or summon Parliament is to call

the members together to discuss the afiEairs of the

"^ation.

18. A Session is that part of the year daring

which Parliament deli):>erates over the afiEairs oC tha

nation and frames its laws.

maCBLLAKEOCS 109

19. T) er u the person choMo bj th«

'lation, a'

kre to be 1.—

^

Seasion.

led biuimcti^ im it tliere ixad booQ

•he

• or

r BesHion must be taken up aa if nothing

tnent is to <iifnniiw the

!i and dia-

• ui ; out ranmiiKMai/ ruijoums at ite

rk

'>lie

• which< — lag the

— t by a p~-*~ ' Tt«

lay. &i i»

1 Hit- wuoie policy is tri« ^lat-

M the plan' •fte of rai»>

the ftnanoial italenMnt madeif the Elzcheqver al eaeh

Estimates we mean the statwMOltaoMat of the expected reeeipte aod

BRtnSR mSTOKT NOTES

expcnditur« of the GoTerament for the eusuing jear.

29. Hxcise ui a tax levied on certain articles of

domestic or b<iiii.< manufacture, aa tobacct* '*<><'^

liquors.

30. C"''*"'^*ns i--^ u. v.uty levied on goods ouiuui^

into <

'

1 1 of a country.

31. hree irade iathefc '' >

•

without paying duty) of

countries.

32. Protection is a system hr trhirh hif^h dwti^are lev jiorts of .

pose of^

iiiio incli^ ^

to some extent : xxis.

33. A Tariff l or table of goods with a

statement of the amount of customs or duties to bepaid on the same when imj)orted or exported.

34. A Revenue Tariff is one in which the

customs or' '

' ''

supply arflvenuft t-n '

dubtriee. Such a tariti' is, u£ course, higher than arevenue tariff.

36. The Journals of the House (Hansard)are the books in which are kept tli* n.irmtp^, or

records, of the work done each day b_\ >*>

37- A Bill is a st-' *^ of a pro}>w...i jrt^>.

38. Au Act of 1 nt is a Bill that has

passed both Houses oi 1 * and hsu- I

the signature of thf 8< )r repre.'

It is t!

39. one who proposes or intro-

duces a Biii in Parliament.

40. The Seconder is the one who supports the

mover in his proposal

MISCBLLANBOCS 111

41. Tb« Bill most pMs itc First, Second ud"^

*'^ ''ng in*»H ' '

: >re it i* preMQ^.^turA of

• coUcc X-^'inHt« ill ive

vif iJuuauuo*. AU otiivr BiUs luay origioMe la eitbar

cil is a regulation made byT ^ has th« eflect of law

nt.

^— - «-^--- in.

io

lie

d,

.rs'«

•?rs wiio are appointed by tbeboversign

i

'. '^ money required to meet

iJjorn ro«,

•yw uMi be traaaacted. lu «titiier lluuae of

HoQM ol CommoM 40 raembecs oonrtitote

( Insure or Cloture b tb« pwwtiee adopttd> loaing the defaato on a qocitMf

.- .^^ .^^ived a r—oaaMe aanrmnl of dk-•n.

. v3:n .r * --ifndCT fa » ilrtato hf whioh ««M>n ia ooadwnned to daath

. opertj iamad ol b«ui« iriod

BRITISB HJSTOBT NOTES

lu tti< f law. T "" " '^

ford , Lauddeath

49. nt i?* t^ift practir«» of tryin p^ a ^ij?h

pi:

ons. Tho moet noted uent in Britisb

ly M that of Warren Ix^o^w^s.

Tb« Kdneatloaal Pabllshint Co.. LlMit*4

3a Khator Str*«(. Toroolo

Supplementary ExercisesFor all S ' ^ In all (irades

Everything Sent f-uii raid on Receipt of Price

COMPOSITION

LITERATUREA Year la LHrfnturo.

mod X."

SUPPLEMENTARY READINGChri-'*n:i< Carol

—

MISCELLANEOUti

I . I .' I i- ^

^(^^^m^sts^^

Supplementary ExercisesFor All Subjects.1n All Grades

Everytbing Sent Post Paid on Receipt of Price

GEOGRGeopraphy T^otes for nh am;

^i,. : V ::,

•

AstifCi

Twer.(i (-

CaiCar:

fewFu'

Wall M^-Map'

C

-• JV

RomCaii.i

How

Exer

Har

LY<vm.

G!7AIVir/IAR

bocoatl

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