britain leads the way chapter 5 section 2. key terms 1.capital 2.enterprise 3.entrepreneur...
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Britain Leads Britain Leads the Waythe Way
Chapter 5
Section 2
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Key Terms1. capital2. enterprise3. entrepreneur4. putting-out system5. Eli Whitney6. turnpike7. Liverpool8. Manchester
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Why Britain?What characteristics of 18th century Britain
made it ripe for Industrialization?
Britain Takesthe Lead
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The Textile Industry Advances Textile machines were constructed to increase
cotton production. The Industrial Revolution first took hold in
Britain’s largest industry-textiles. Cotton cloth, imported from India had become
popular. British merchants developed the putting-out
system, where raw cotton was distributed to peasant families who spun it into thread and then wove the thread into cloth.
Skilled artisans then finished & dyed the cloth.
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John Kay’s flying shuttle, 1733 The flying shuttle sped up weaving.
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James Hargreaves’ spinning jenny, 1764
The spinning jenny increased the speed of spinning thread.
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Richard Arkwright’s water frame, 1769
The water frame increased the speed of spinning thread.
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Eli Whitney’s cotton gin, 1793 The cotton gin separated the seeds from
the raw cotton at a fast rate.
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The Transportation Revolution As production increased, entrepreneurs
needed faster and cheaper methods of moving goods from place to place. They invested in funding and building:
Turnpikes Canals Railroads
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Turnpikes Turnpikes, or private roads, linked every part of
Britain and goods also traveled faster.
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Canals Canals, or waterways, were dug to connect rivers together or to connect inland towns with coastal ports.
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Railroads Railroad tracks did not have to follow the course of a river. This meant that tracks could go places where rivers did not,
allowing factory owners and merchants to ship goods swiftly and cheaply over land.