brinkley, american history: a survey, 11/e chapter twenty-four: the new era
TRANSCRIPT
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Brinkley, AMERICAN HISTORY: A SURVEY, 11/e
Chapter Twenty-Four:
The New Era
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It was called the “New Era” because American popular culture reshaped itself to reflect urban, industrial, and consumer orientated culture.
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The New Economy Economic Growth
Sources of the Boom Explosion in manufacturing No challenge from Europe Mass production lowered costs
Radio Trains and Aviation Early Computers
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The New Economy Labor in the New Era
“Welfare Capitalism” Provide Fringe benefits, shorter work weeks,
pensions. This was to prevent union growth. Hard Times for Organized Labor
Better times gave less incentive to join a union
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The New Economy The “American Plan”
Protecting the Open Shop Decrease in Union Membership A Philip Randolph-Brotherhood of Sleeping Car
Porters. AFL excluded African Americans
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The New Culture Consumerism buying things for pleasure
Growing Mass Consumption Social Impact of the Automobile
Breaking Down Rural Isolation: The Expansion of Travel Horizons in Oregon, Illinois
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The New Culture The Movies and Broadcasting
Hollywood- Jazz singer Al Jolson. 1st Talkie Radio – Most important communication
innovation in the New Era.
Gretta Garbo
Douglas Fairbanks
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The New Culture The Harlem Renaissance
African-American Pride
Langston Hughes “I am a negro and beautiful”
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A Conflict of Cultures Prohibition
Failure of Prohibition Alcohol and Organized Crime Rural Protestants continued to defend
prohibition. Lost support of some middle class
progressives.
Anti-Saloon League at Washington, D.C., Dec. 8, 1921 (Library of Congress)
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A Conflict of Cultures Nativism and the Klan
National Origins Act
of 1924 –Banned immigration from East Asia
Many Felt the Ban would promote productive operation of society.
Sources of Immigration, 1920-1960
Total Immigration, 1920-1960
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• The New Klan opposed• Protestants not living pure lives• Blacks and Jews• Anyone against “traditional values”• Catholics and foreigners
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A Conflict of Cultures Religious Fundamentalism
Creationism Scopes Monkey Trial
Modernists won a victory when
Clarence Darrow made Bryan
Admit that not all religious doctrine
Was subject to a single interpretation.
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A Conflict of Cultures The Democrats’ Ordeal
Election of 1924 Al Smith and 1928 Democrats could not win
Because of tensions
Between the rural and
Urban wings.Election of 1928
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Republican Government Harding and Coolidge
Teapot Dome Calvin Coolidge
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•The Harding Administration•Could not grasp presidential responsibility
•Gambling, alcohol and women•Loyalty to the “Ohio Gang”•Lack of Self Confidence.
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The Coolidge Administration•Gov of Mass•Reputation for being honest•Puritanical-believed that government should not interfere with the life of the nation.
•Lower Taxes.
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Republican Government Government and Business During the 20’s Sec. of the Treas. And
Herbert Hooves Sec. of Commerce were most active in using government policy to help business and industry.
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Herbert Hoover• Most important member of the Harding and Coolidge
adm.• One of the more progressive republicans of the 1920’s• Believed in business “associationalism” – companies
should work together• He was seen as a personification of the modern,
prosperous business class.• His presidency would see the demise of the “New
Era” as the United States entered its longest and most severe economic crisis.