Bring a #2 pencil to class tomorrow

Benchmark # 1 Benchmark # 1 Review Review

John LockeRepresentative governmentConsent of governedNatural “unalienable” rightsU.S. declaration of independence

• Life, liberty, property

• Ideas followed by Thomas Jefferson

EnlightenmentTruth vs. faith

• Caused people to question traditional authorityo Monarchy & Religion

Constitution and Bill of Rights The great compromise

Brought equal representation by combining two plans for government that small and large states agreed with

Checks and balances Flexible, can change Supreme law of land

Above all other laws

1st 10 amendments (BofR)Protect personal freedoms

Supreme court, civil war, reconstruction Supreme Court under John Marshal

SC could review constitutionality of state and federal laws

Because of CWNorthern economy expanded and became

more prosperous than ever

ReconstructionLed to disenfranchisement of most AA in the

south, their rights are taken away through poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clause

The JungleHelped pass meat inspection act

FactoriesDangerous difficult jobs

Factor that limited growth of labor unionsEmployers were hostile efforts to organizeSherman Anti trust to limit labor activities

Majority of early immigrants settled in citiesJobs

• Irish immigrants were persecuted because they were catholic

Mormons and Jews also persecuted because of religion

Indust. Rev.More people settled in NE & midwest

• Factories built near waterways

• North had more factories because they had a short agricultural season

Anti-immigration (nativism)Competition for jobsAmericanization movement to make them

more American

Political MachinesCorrupt, election fraud, graft, friend of

immigrants

MuckrakersExposed corruption of U.S. society

MonopoliesTake away competition, bad for consumers

Gov’t stance on economy of late 1800sLaissez-faire capitalism- no gov’t interference

Assembly LineFord, increased efficiency in production

International tradeBecause U.S. had surplus of goods because IR

• New markets to sell to and get raw materials from

Gov’t placed tariffs on imports to protect U.S. business

Social DarwinismOvercome and eliminate weaker competition

Reform movementInspired settlement houses

• Jane Adams’ Hull House

Social GospelReconstruct U.S. society

• Along with social Darwinismo Tried to address social conditions of an industrial

society

Populist PartyFarmers & workers

• Supported public ownership of RR to help small farmers

Opposed switching to gold standard• It would tighten money, and limit access to money

for farmers and workers

Goal:• For gov’t to be more efficient and responsive to

public needs

Suffrage- Women’s right to voteSuffragettes- women who wanted the right o

vote

Interstate Commerce CommissionDuring Roosevelt’s term, power to regulate

RR rates

Puritan views and attitudes, hard work for common goals

Religious Revivals Revival meetings were held outside, lasted for days, and included emotional sermons.

1st Great Awakening- spread through colonies, led to questioning of traditional authority

2nd Great Awakening- inspire people to try to reform society

Establishment clause of 1st amendmentProhibits the gov’t from establishing a state

religion

2nd GA and Social Gospel were similarBoth were concerned with improving society

Reason 1st amendment was added to constitutionTo protect citizens from gov’t interference in

religion

Many different religions exist in U.S. because of immigration and religious freedom…as a result more people are members of non-Christian religions now