brigitte nixdorf, jacqueline rücker, ingo henschke, ronny hämmerling btucottbus, 1 igb berlin,...
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Brigitte Nixdorf, Jacqueline Rücker, Ingo Henschke, Ronny
Hämmerling
BTUCottbus, 1IGB Berlin,
Water quality and biodiversity in Lake Scharmützelsee from 1993 to 2005
Lakepromo October 2005
1. Since 1990 a drastic reduction of the external P load was calculated and measured
2. The current external P load of lake Scharmützelsee with 0.8 t a-1 P, estimated by the MONERIS model, is very low compared with the internal P release with 6.75 t a-1 P.
3. L. Scharmützelsee shows the tendency to better ecological quality.
Is this observation confirmed by ecological water quality components (phytoplankton biomass and diversity, macrophytes, fish)?
Results from April 2005/ Question in Oct. 2005:
Biological components Present state (April 2005)
Composition and
abundance
(Biomass) of
water plants
Final report in Aug.2005( LAWA, Nixdorf et al.
BTUC/LBH) Final report (BLW Schaumburg et al.) January
2004 (BMBF, LAWA)
Composition and
abundance of
benthic
invertebrates
Final report 2/2005 (BÖHMER et al., December
2004, LAWA)
Composition,
abundance and
age structure of
fish
Phytoplankton,
Makrophytes,
Aufwuchs
Makrozoo-
benthos
Fish
Final report 2/2005 (Mehner et al., IGB, BMBF)
1.1 Quality elements for the evaluation of lakes and ecological status – present state in Germany – Practical tests in 2005/2006
Lake Scharmützelsee region :
Urban areas 15.8 %
Agricultural crop land 13.7 %
Grassland 3.8 %
Surface waters 10.6 %Wetlands 2.1 %
External phosphorus inputs into the lake Scharmützelsee by point sources (sewage effluent, military hospital) and diffuse sources 1969 and 2001
No further reduction of external loads!
0,00
0,10
0,20
0,30
0,40
0,50
0,60T
P [
t a-1
]
Erosio
n
Grund
wasse
r
Input of phosphorous (TP) from different sources into lake Scharmützelsee from 1996 to 2000 calculated by MONERIS-model
Groundwater TP-concentration
between 20...140 µg/L
Dynamics of phosphorus: Decreasing trend in TP, but high internal P-release
Precipitation of P?
94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 040
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
P [
µg
l-1]
TP DIP
Phytoplankton
JOJA JOJ A JOJ A JOJ A JOJA JOJ A JOJ A JOJ A JOJA JOJ A JOJ A JOJ A0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
HPLC
Bio
volu
me
[m
m-3 L
-1]
Cyano Bacill Crypto Dino others
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004HPLC
ICE
Phytoplankton dynamics in lake Scharmützelsee 1993-2005Data: Zippel, Hoehn – LBH)
Good ecological status for lake Scharmützelsees (Phytoplankton Report (/2005)
Biovolume [mm3 L-1] *: 0.5 – 2Chl a [µg L-1] *: 2.5 – 10
Considering the trophic state from good ecol. state means:
• Reduction of phytoplankton biomass by at least 50%• Increase in Secchi depth by more than 100% to more than 2 m during the vegetation period
Assessment of ecological state of lake Scharmützelsee acc. to LAWA (1999) and WFD (2000)
19941995 - 1999
2000 2001 2002 2003
LAWA (1999)
Reference state (morphometry)
mesotroph
Natural nutrient input
mesotroph
Present state e2 e1 m e1 e2 m*
Assessment 3 2 1 2 3 1#
WFD (2000) - Phytoplankton
Biovolume (BV) [mm3 L-1]*
3,4 5,3 – 8,6 1,1 6,3 9,9 1,4#
Assessment acc. to BV
3 4 - 5 2 4 5 2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Sep.
93
Feb.
94
Jul.
94
Apr.
95
Aug.
95
Jan.
96
Jul.
96
Jun.
98
Sep.
98
Feb.
99
Apr.
99Ju
l. 99
Sep.
99
Dez.
99
Feb.
00
Mai
. 00
Jul.
00Se
p. 0
0
Dez.
00
Apr.
01
Aug.
01
Jan.
02
Jun.
02
Okt
. 02
Apr.
03
Aug.
03
Jan.
04
Apr.
04
Sep.
04
Feb.
05
Num
ber o
f tax
a &
Chl
a [µ
g/L]
AnzahlvonTaxon 9 11 Chla (µg/l) Polynomisch (AnzahlvonTaxon 9 11)
Number of phytoplankton taxa in L. Scharmützelsee and trendline from 1993 to 2005 (between 30...60 per sample)
Person APerson C/D
Person B
Person B
Macrophytes
Distribution of species groups (macrophytes) within one lake type across a degradation
gradient
Index/MelzerIndex/TKg1994 2005Ceratophyllum demersum 5 B x xMyriophyllum spicatum 3 B x xPotamogeton perfoliatus 3 B x xPotamogeton pectinatus 4 B x xPotamogeton lucens 3,5 B x xNittellopsis obtusa 2,5 A xUtricularia vulgaris 3 A xElodea canadensis 4,5 C xFontinalis antipyretica xStratiotes aloides 1,5 A xRanunculus trichophyllus 4,5 C xNajas marina B x
Species number 5 12
Dominant species of macrophytes in L. Scharmützelsee 1994 and 2005
Increase in dominant species number from 5 to 12, „good“ species (Nittellopsis, Stratiotes, Najas) as well as „bad“ species (Elodea, Ranunculus)
Fish (z.B. Gründling, Steinbeißer im Litoral des Müggelsees)
Scharmützelsee Periode
Art wissenschaftlicher Name Refe-renz
histo-risch
1945-1990
aktuell
Aal
Anguilla anguilla
H + + + Aland
Leuciscus idus
E Barsch
Perca fluviatilis
H + + + Bitterling
Rhodeus amarus
E Blei
Abramis brama
H + + + Döbel
Leuciscus cephalus
A + Dreistachliger Stichling
Gasterosteus aculeatus
H + + Giebel
Carassius gibelio
+ Graskarpfen
Ctenopharyngodon idella
+ + Gründling
Gobio gobio
A + Güster
Abramis bjoerkna
H + + Hecht
Esox lucius
H + + + Karausche
Carassius carassius
H + + + Karpfen
Cyprinus carpio
+ + + Kaulbarsch
Gymnocephalus cernuus
H + + Kleine Maräne
Coregonus albula
H + + Marmorkarpfen
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
+ nein Moderlieschen
Leucaspius delineatus
E Plötze
Rutilus rutilus
H + + + Quappe
Lota Iota
E Rapfen
Aspius aspius
A + Regenbogenforelle
Oncorhynchus mykiss
+ + Rotfeder
Scardinius erythrophthalmus
H + + Schlammpeitzger
Misgurnus fossilis
A + Schleie
Tinca tinca
H + + + Silberkarpfen
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
+ + nein Steinbeißer
Cobitis taenia
A + Stint
Osmerus eperlanus
A + Störhybriden
Acipenser spec.
+ Ukelei
Alburnus alburnus
H + + Wels
Silurus glanis
H + + + Zander
Sander lucioperca
H + + + Zwergwels
Ameiurus nebulosus
+ Gesamt 25 16 14 28
Number of fish taxa in L. Scharmützelsee (historical reports and before 1990 and now):
Increase from about 15 to 28 (acc. to the reference state)
External nutrient inputs (TP) have been reduced during the last 15 years by more than 90 %
Main nutrient pathways are internal P-release from the sediments and input from the groundwater as well as atmospheric deposition.
Species numbers for macrophytes and fish increased, diversity for phytoplankton depends on taxonomic knowledge
L. Scharmützelsee reached a threshold for TP – reduction in phytoplankton biomass and composition – but shows annual fluctuations mainly due to:
Climatic influences, Biological food web interaction, Low silica concentrations favouring cyanobacteria
Summary
Kenngrößen Phytoplankton
nach trophiebasierter Voreinstufung und typspezifischen ReferenzzuständenBiomassesindex
Indikatortaxa
Chlorophyll a
Gesamt-biovolumen
„Algenklassen“Einzelmetrics gelten für ausgewählte Seen-Typen und Bewertungszeiträume
Phytoplankton-Taxa-Seen-Index
- 1 -
- 2a - - 2b - - 2c -
- 3 -
Taxonomische Zusammensetzung - Bewertung
Summe Indices 1-3(4)/(Summe Fx) = Trophischer
Index
Indices GFBiomasse- Bewertung
planktische Diatomeen
Profundal
nur für Tieflandseen, wennDiatomeenanalyse Plankton fehlt und/oderweniger als 4 Indikatortaxa
( 4 )
x F1
x F2
x F4
Mittelwert aus Einzelmetrics 2
x F3
Klassengrenzen für Gesamtbiovolumen
Tabelle 1: Klassengrenzen des Phytoplanktonbiovolumens [in mm³/l] für die Seetypen (Spalte 3 -6) Hartwasserseen der Alpen & Voralpen (Typ 1 – 4 in Kopfzeile) sowie der Tieflandseen (Typ 10 – 14, Kopfzeile) mit den dazugehörenden Bewertungsstufen mit dem Bewertungswert (B-Wert, Spalte 2).
B-Wert 1 2+3 und 4 13 14
Very good 1 <1,5 <0,6 <0,8 <1,3
good 2 1,5-<2,5 0,6-<1,2 0,8-<2,5 1,3-<5,5
moderate 3 2,5-<7,0 1,2-<3,0 2,5-<5,0 5,5-<9,0
unbefried. 4 7,0-<11,0 3,0-<8,0 5,0-<10,0 9,0-<17,0
bad 5 >11 >8,0 >10 >17
B-Wert 10 11.1 11.2 12
sehr gut 1 <3,0 <5,0 <10,0 <5,0
gut 2 3,0-<7,0 5,0-<10,0 10,0-<18 5,0-<10,0
mäßig 3 7,0-<12,0 10,0-<14,0 18,0-<28,0 10,0-<15,0
unbefried. 4 12,0-<20,0 14,0-<30,0 28,0-<40,0 15,0-<25,0
schlecht 5 >20 >30 >40 >25
Lake types in the German lowlands and phytoplankton biomass
LAWA-See-Typ-Nr:
Einzugsgebiet zu Seefläche
VQ VQ >1,5 VQ >1,5 Flussseen
VQ >1,5 VQ <1,5 VQ <1,5Schichtung geschichtet polymiktisch polymiktisch polymiktisch geschichtet polymiktisch
Degradations- stufe
Biovolu- men= BV Chl a BV Chl a BV Chl a BV Chl a BV Chl a BV Chl a
sehr gut <4,0 5,0 <5,0 ,0 <5,0 ,0 <5,0 ,0 <0,6 <1,3 gut 4,0-<8,5 >5-15 5,0-<10,0 >15-30 5,0-<13 >15-45 5,0-<10,0 >15-30 0,6-<3,5 >3-10 1,3-<5,5 >5-20
moderat 8,5-<13,0 >15-30 10,0-<14,0 >30-38 13-<18,0 >45-60 10,0-<15,0 >30-40 3,5-<5,0 >10-20 5,5-<12,0 >20-40unbefried. 13,0-<20,0 >30-50 14,0-<30,0 >38-80 18,0-<35,0 >60-100 15,0-<25,0 >40-60 5,0-<15,0 20-45 12,0-<20,0 40-60
schlecht >20 >50 >30 >80 >35 >100 >25 >60 >15 >45 >20 >60Anzahl
Saisonmittel85 80 28 37 102 45
10sehr flache Seen (<3m mittl. Tiefe)
VQ >1,5
Tieflandseen
1411.1 11.2 12 13
Degradation of lakes in Germany acc. to the lake types (phytoplankton biomass)
51 0 1 0 0 2
103 0
72 0
11
17 4
0 01
10
5
21
50
4
4
4 5
1 10
18
18
4
14
5
1
1
0
1 0
0 1 0
10
19
13
6
5
0
0
0
00
0 0 0
5
12
2
2
1
1
21
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Typ
1
Typ
2
Typ
3
Typ
4
Typ
6
Typ
7
Typ
9
Typ
10
Typ
11
Typ
12
Typ
13
Typ
14
Str
an
dse
e
schlecht
unbefried.
moderat
gut
sehr gut
Nu
mb
er o
f la
kes