briefing on hydrogeology national center for remote sensing
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SMART-Lebanon. Briefing on Hydrogeology National Center for Remote Sensing. Amin Shaban. Location of the study area. Water Resources. 1. Precipitation *It ranges between 600-1000mm - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Briefing on Hydrogeology
National Center for Remote Sensing
Amin Shaban
Location of the study area
Water ResourcesWater Resources
1. Precipitation*It ranges between 600-1000mm*According to Thiessen and Isohyts methods,
the average PPt.=830mm. This is equivalent to a volume of 285 Mm3/years
*25-35% of this volume is derived from snowmelt
2. Surface water * Only one permanent river is located : Abou
Ali River, and there are a treble number of intermittent streams
* Springs (on-land): Thee are around 75 issuing springs, with average discharge of about 20l/sec. This is equivalent to 50 Mm3/year
* Springs (submarine): a common phenomenon along the Lebanese coastal line. There are ten of this type (littoral & off-shore), with total volume of 300 Mm3/year
Physical and hydrological properties of a major rivers in/nearby the Physical and hydrological properties of a major rivers in/nearby the SMART areaSMART area
River Average annual
discharge (Mm3/yr)
Length
(km)
Area
(km2)
Relief gradient
(m/km)
Drainage density
(km/km2)
Major sources of replenishment
Al-Bared 168 37 284 25 1.05 Nabaa Essoukar and the snowmelt
Abou Ali 369 42 482 46 1.20 Nabaa Kadisha, N. Mar Sarkis, N. Rachaaine
and snowmelt
Al-Jouz 82 33 196 42 0.92 Nabaa El-Jouz, N. Dalle and snowmelt
Volume of precipitated and evapotranspirated water from watersheds in SMART areaVolume of precipitated and evapotranspirated water from watersheds in SMART area
Major watersheds Intermediate watersheds
Minor watersheds
No. Volume of precipitated
water
(Mm3/yr)
Volume of evapotranspir
atedated water
(Mm3/yr)
No. Volume of precipitated
water
(Mm3/yr)
Volume of evapotranspir
atedated water
(Mm3/yr)
No. Volume of precipitated
water
(Mm3/yr)
Volume of evapotranspir
atedated water
(Mm3/yr)
1 113 55 1 29 16.5 1 12 6.5
2 146 73 2 34 21 2 11.5 6
3 105 58 3 69 7 3 2 1.5
4 224 148 4 4 1.5 4 11.5 6
5 504 265 5 5 2 5 36 17
6 64 50 6 8.5 3.5 6 5.5 2.5
7 122 117 7 9 4 7 11 5
8 34.5 15 8 5 2.5
9 14 6.5
Major issuing springs in SMART areaMajor issuing springs in SMART area
No Spring Discharge
(m3/sec)
Source rock formation
Spring type
1 El-Jouz 2.20 C4Karstic
2 Dalle 1.93 C1-J6Overflow
3 Kadisha 1.50 C4Fault
4 Mar Sarkis
0.5 C4Fault
5 Essoukar 0.3 C3-C4overflow
Major submarine springs in the SMART areaMajor submarine springs in the SMART area
No Locality Coordinates(longitude & latitude)
Main flow featuring Estimated yield
(l/sec)
1 Hai El-Maqateh 35º 54‘ 46“
34º 28‘ 30"
Apparent surface water seepages that lie parallel to the coast with a spreading of
about 10-15m
60
2 El-Bahssas 35º 44‘ 10“
34º 25‘ 20"
Water seeps among rocky islets extending about 100m into the sea
200
3 El-Bahssas-Abou Halaqa
35º 48‘ 58“
34º 25‘ 10"
As above, but with 700m extending 600
4 Chekka-1 35º 43‘ 35“
34º 20‘ 35"
Artesian spring of 25m off-shore and 5-10m diameter
500
5 Chekka-2 35º 43‘ 06“
34º 20‘ 28"
As above (700m off-shore & 55-60m diameter)
2000
6 Chekka-3 35º 43‘ 26“
34º 20‘ 11"
As above (300m off-shore & 15-20m diameter)
1500
7 Chekka-4 35º 39‘ 11“
34º 20‘ 10"
As above (300m off-shore & 10-15m diameter)
1000
8 Fadouss 35º 39‘ 11“
34º 13‘29"
Water seeps parallel to the coast by a width ranges between 50-250m
60
9 Madfoun-1 35º 538‘ 54 “
34º 12‘ 29"
Irredgular water seepage lateral and linear 50-300m
120
10 Madfoun-2 35º 38‘ 58“
34º 12‘ 26"
Linear flow into the sea by a 50-150m 60
Water ResourcesWater Resources
3. Groundwater
* The area of study is almost covered by impervious rocks and thick alluvial deposits. However, the recharge into subsurface strata is relatively low. So far, the located aquifers are fed from the neighboring areas along the tilted bedding planes
* These aquifers are mostly characterized the secondary porosity, which is attributed to fracturing and karstification.
Hydrostratigraphic characteristics of major aquifers in theHydrostratigraphic characteristics of major aquifers in the SMART area SMART area
Aquifer Sannine-Ghazir limestone (C4)
Bikfaya limestone
(J6)
Lithology
Moderate to thick bedded and massive, highly fractured, jointed, chertified and well karstified dolomitic limestone and limestone with some thin marly beds
Thick bedded to massive, highly fissured, jointed and well karstified dolomitic limestone and limestone
Transmissivity
(m3/sec)
2.3 x 10-6
to 3.2 x 10-6
2.5 x 10-6
to 3.5 x 10-6
Storage capacity
(m3/hr/1m)
1.17 x 10-6 1.20 x 10-6
Thickness
(m)
700 200
Infiltration rate
(%)
35-40 40-45
Run-off
(%)
5-10 5-10
Degree of karstification Slightly high to high Locally high
