FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE DEPARTMENT

24 September 2013Presentation by Árni M. Mathiesen

Assistant Director-GeneralFisheries & Aquaculture Department

Briefing for Ms. Maria Helena Semedo

Global Fisheries and Aquaculture:

Opportunities and Challenges

Seoul, Korea

Global Contribution of Fisheries and

Aquaculture to Food Security

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

0

20000000

40000000

60000000

80000000

100000000

120000000

140000000

160000000

180000000 CaptureAquaculture

World fish production (1950 – 2010)

Top 10 aquaculture producing countriesCountry Production World rankChina 35,074,560 1India 3,791,920 2Viet Nam 2,556,200 3Indonesia 1,749,291 4Thailand 1,396,020 5Bangladesh 1,064,285 6Norway 961,840 7Chile 792,891 8Myanmar 778,096 9Philippines 737,397 10

Major source of animal proteins and micronutrients for many coastal populations

Unique source of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (DHA, EPA) for optimal brain development and the prevention of coronary heart disease

Unique & complete source of micronutrients (calcium, iodine, zinc, iron, selenium,...)

Source of vitamins (A, D, B group)generally scarce in rural diets

A complete nutrient packageFish: Information

Examples of the importance of micronutrientsMicronutrient

deficiencyLevel of micronutrient

in 100 g edible part Recommend

ed daily intake for children:

250 million preschool children are vitamin A deficient

Small sized fish eaten whole, good source;

> 2 500 µg RAE in 100 g Mola (Amblypharyngodon mola)

500 µg RAE

54 countries are still iodine-deficient

Seafood nearly the only natural food source of iodine;

250 µg iodine in 100 g Cod (Gadhus morhua)

120 µg

Iron deficiency affects about 2 billion people

Small sized fish eaten whole, good source;

45 mg iron in 100 g Chanwa pileng (Esomus longimanus)

8.9 mg

800 000 child deaths per year are attributable to zinc deficiency

Small sized fish eaten whole, good source;

20 mg zinc in 100 g Chanwa pileng (Esomus longimanus)

3.7 mg

Fish: Information

Asia

Africa

Europe

Oceania

Northern America

Latin America & Caribbean

LIFDC's

WORLD

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0

22.6

19.3

11.6

11.0

7.4

7.0

24.2

16.5

Fish as percentage of total animal protein intake

Contribution of fish to human diet (2009)

Global Contribution of Fisheries and

Aquaculture to Social and Economic Development

54.8 million total employment (2010)◦ 90% small scale◦ 38.2 million capture◦ 16.6 million aquaculture

Employment & Livelihoods

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1961 1967 1973 1979 1985 1991 1997 2003 2008

Million tonnes (live weight)

Utilization of world fisheries production (1961-2008)

Non-food purposes

Canning

Curing

Freezing

Marketing as fresh produce

14

Socio-Economic importance of the fish and seafood value chain

Estimated Total Value 818 US $ billion in 2008

FisheriesUS $ 100 billion

Primary processing

US $ 90 billion

Secondary processing

US $ 180 billion

Distribution

US $ 350 billion Aquaculture

US $ 98 billion

Employment in fisheries and aquaculture: -52 million persons in fisheries and aquaculture 2008

- 195 million along the value chain- -660 - 880 million persons (12%) depend on the sector for their livelihoods

Enabling Trade and Wealth Extraction

1976197719781979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012

0

20000000

40000000

60000000

80000000

100000000

120000000

140000000

Developed countries Developing countries

Export of fish and seafood: 1976 – 2012 (US $ billion)

Source: GTIS ® (2012)

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Fish Coffee Rubber Bananas Cocoa Meat Tea Sugar Tobacco Rice

US$ billions

Net trade income of developing countries from various agricultural commodities

1987

1997

2007

Shrimp 3,450

Tilapia 2,500

Salmon 1,540

Pangasius 1,375

Channel catfish 350

Trout 320

Seabream 160

Seabass 150

Other flatfish 125

Barramundi 45

Cobia 40

Atlantic cod 23

Oysters 4,320

Clams, cockles, arkshells 1,62

Mussels 1,620

  Production

  2008 (1000 t)

Shrimp 3,450

Tilapia 2,500

Salmon 1,540

Pangasius 1,375

Channel catfish 350

Trout 320

Seabream 160

Seabass 150

Other flatfish 125

Barramundi 45

Cobia 40

Atlantic cod 23

Oysters 4,320

Clams, cockles, arkshells 1,62

Mussels 1,620

Main aquaculture species in international trade (2008)

Future Challenges

Stock Status of Marine Fishery Resources

• % of non-fully exploited stocks continuously decreased

• 30% of stocks overexploited in 2009

• Fully exploited stocks at around 50%

• An increasing trend in fully exploited stocks from 1990 to present

Year

%

1980 1990 2000 2010

020

4060

Fully exploited

Non-fully fished

Overfished

Fish Stock Status by Region

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

77678171

48,58&886121578751273741473431

Non-fully exploited Fully exploited Overexploited

Fish supply (mt)2010

(baseline)

2020/2030 projection

Aquaculture 59 95/123

Capture fisheries 88 88/88

Total supply 147 168/211

% of aquaculture:

40 (48 for human

consumption)

57/58 (65/65 for human

consumption)

Source: Estimation of FI Department

Perspectives of fish supply

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Mill

ions

ton

nes

World Fish Production

Capture fisheries

Aquaculture

Source: FAO FISHSTAT

Challenges

Increasing demand:1. Population increase2. Economic development3. Increased consumption

Decreasing resource base:1. Overexploited fish stocks2. IUU fishing3. Overcapacity in fishing fleets4. Degraded environment and

ecosystems5. Climate Changes6. Post harvest losses

Thank you!

Vision: A world in which responsible and sustainable use of fisheries and aquaculture resources make an optimal contribution to human well being, food security and poverty alleviation

Mission: To strengthen global governance, the managerial and technical capacities of Members and RFBs, and lead consensus building towards improved conservation and utilization of aquatic resources

Values: Sustainability, Universality, Excellence, Objectivity, Equity

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Fisheries and Aquaculture Department

Fisheries and AquaculturePolicy and Economics Division

Policy,Economics

andInstitutions

FIPI

Products,Trade andMarketing

FIPM

Statistics and

Information

FIPS

Fisheries and AquacultureResources Use and Conservation Division

Marine andInland

Fisheries

FIRF

FishingOperations

andTechnology

FIRO

Aquaculture

FIRA

Programme Coordination UnitFishCode Programme

AssistantDirector-General

Conference Council COFI, COFI Bureau Sc. Trade Sc. Aquaculture FI

Director General (ODG)

Deputy Director General Natural Resources(DDN)

FI (FI ADG)

FI position in FAO Structure

Regional offices

Sub-regional offices

Liaison Offices

Country Offices

Headquarter Departments

FI relates to other FAO Units

FID

FIP

FIR

FishCode

Sustainable management and utilization of natural resources

Global GoalsEradicate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition

Elimination of poverty through economic and social progress for all

SO1: Contribute to the eradication of hunger, foodinsecurity and malnutrition

SO 4: Enable more inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems at local, national andinternational levels

SO 3: Reduce rural poverty SO 5: Increase the resilience of livelihoods to threatsand crises

SO 2: Increase and improve provision of goods and services from agriculture, forestry and fisheries in a sustainable manner

Organizational Outcomes

Organizational Outcomes

Organizational Outcomes

Organizational Outcomes

Organizational Outcomes

Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs

FAO Enabling Environment

Development outcome indicators for monitoring progress, which measure the long term effects to which OOs contribute

Organizational Outcome indicators to measure changes produced from the use of FAO outputs, among others

Enabling functions for improved corporate performance monitored by key performance indicators

Output indicators for monitoring FAO deliverables

Outreach

Efficient and effective administration

Information Technology

FAO Governance, oversight and

direction

Objective on technical quality, knowledge and services, including the cross-cutting themes: gender and

governance

FI staffRegular Programme staff 129Project staff 55Technical Officers in the field 18

Programme of Work and Budget PWB 2012-13Regular Programme USD 66 millionVoluntary contributions USD 86 million

FI KEY INFORMATION

International regulatory framework for fisheries Governance

1995 Code of Conduct forResponsible Fisheries

1993 Com

pliance Agreem

ent

IPOAs• Seabirds 1999• Sharks 1999• Capacity 1999• IUU 2001•[Kyoto POA ’95]

Port State Measures: Model Scheme 2005 + 2009 AgreementFlag State Performance

Strategies:•Status & Trends on Capture Fisheries 2003• Status & Trends on Aquaculture 2007

InternationalGuidelines:• Sea-Turtles2009• Ecolabelling 2009 • Deep sea fisheries 2009• By-catch management & discards reduction 2010

1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea

1995 UNFSA

1992 UNCED:Rio Declaration +Agenda 21

Ecosystem approach to fisheries:Reykjavík 2001

2002 WSSDJohannesburgPlan of Implementation

Rio + 20U. N Conference on Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development Goals Post 2015

The Regional Fisheries Bodies

Sustainable Development of Fisheries

Maintaining biodiversity & ecosystem services

Maximizing contribution to food security

Optimizing social-economic benefits

Three Pillars

Challenges

Increasing demand:1. Population increase2. Economic development3. Increased consumption

Decreasing resource base:1. Overexploited fish stocks2. IUU fishing3. Overcapacity in fishing fleets4. Degraded environment and

ecosystems5. Climate Changes6. Post harvest losses

“The Future We Want” Un-Oceans Oceans Compact GPO GEF- ABNJ RFMOs-Regional Seas GEF 6- Sig.

Programmes Blue Economy

Process

The Hague Summit EC Capacity

Conference SCs. and COFI Flag State

Performance Small Scale Fisheries GAAP Oceans SDG FAO Global Blue Economy

Initiative

Major Goings-On

Participate on behalf of FAO in global Oceans related activities Lead FAO Global Blue Economy Initiative/Project Participate/lead in other FAO global initiatives/projects Support and participate in Decentralised Offices, regional

priorities, CPFs on regional, sub-regional and country level. Organise and support the activities of COFI, COFI Bureau, COFI

SCs, produce SOFIA flagship publication and operate, organise and support corporate activities including article XIV and article XI bodies, liaise with other RFBs/RFMOs and host the Regional Secretariats Network.

Create and run a technical network based on our existing regional focal groups.

Advocate for CCRF. ADG role, CCRF evaluation report.

Major Categories of Work

Takk Fyrir!Obrigado!

Thank you!

FIP is responsible for programs and activities related to fisheries and aquaculture dealing with:

economic, social, institutional, governance and policy aspects

Post harvest utilization, marketing and trade

Statistics and information

Fisheries and Aquaculture Policy and Economics Division

Fisheries and AquaculturePolicy and Economics Division

Policy,Economics

andInstitutions

FIPI

Products,Trade andMarketing

FIPM

Statistics and

Information

FIPS

FI staffRegular Programme staff: 64

Project staff: 31

Programme of Work and Budget PWB 2012-13Regular Programme USD 21,178,000

millionVoluntary contributions USD 5,486,000

million

FIP KEY INFORMATION

HOW DO WE GETTHE JOB DONE?

Putting information within reach:

SOFIA, TP, Statistics, FIRMS,...

Sharing policy

expertise: CCRF,

Guidelines, Agreements

Providing a

meeting place for nations:

COFI, COFI:FT, EC, TC

Bringing knowledge to the

field: Technical

assistance, capacity building,

policy advice

International regulatory framework for fisheries Governance

1995 Code of Conduct forResponsible Fisheries

1993 Com

pliance Agreem

ent

IPOAs• Seabirds 1999• Sharks 1999• Capacity 1999• IUU 2001•[Kyoto POA ’95]

Port State Measures: Model Scheme 2005 + 2009 AgreementFlag State Performance

Strategies:•Status & Trends on Capture Fisheries 2003• Status & Trends on Aquaculture 2007

InternationalGuidelines:• Sea-Turtles2009• Ecolabelling 2009 • Deep sea fisheries 2009• By-catch management & discards reduction 2010

1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea

1995 UNFSA

1992 UNCED:Rio Declaration +Agenda 21

Ecosystem approach to fisheries:Reykjavík 2001

2002 WSSDJohannesburgPlan of Implementation

Rio + 20U. N Conference on Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development Goals Post 2015

Regional Fisheries Bodies

Humanitarian emergencies

Bringing knowledge to

the field

Sustainable management and utilization of natural resources

Global GoalsEradicate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition

Elimination of poverty through economic and social progress for all

SO1: Contribute to the eradication of hunger, foodinsecurity and malnutrition

SO 4: Enable more inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems at local, national andinternational levels

SO 3: Reduce rural poverty SO 5: Increase the resilience of livelihoods to threatsand crises

SO 2: Increase and improve provision of goods and services from agriculture, forestry and fisheries in a sustainable manner

Organizational Outcomes

Organizational Outcomes

Organizational Outcomes

Organizational Outcomes

Organizational Outcomes

Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs

FAO Enabling Environment

Development outcome indicators for monitoring progress, which measure the long term effects to which OOs contribute

Organizational Outcome indicators to measure changes produced from the use of FAO outputs, among others

Enabling functions for improved corporate performance monitored by key performance indicators

Output indicators for monitoring FAO deliverables

Outreach

Efficient and effective administration

Information Technology

FAO Governance, oversight and

direction

Objective on technical quality, knowledge and services, including the cross-cutting themes: gender and

governance

شكراً !

谢谢 !

Thank you!

Merci!

Gracias!

Спасибо!

FIRFISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE

RESOURCES USE AND CONSERVATON

DIVISION

FIR ResponsibilitiesAll programmes and activities related to:- Conservation of the living aquatic

resources used by fisheries and aquaculture- Development & management of

responsible fisheries and aquaculture- Development of fisheries and aquaculture

technology

The Place of the FIR Division

Fisheries and AquaculturePolicy and Economics Division

(FIP)

Fisheries and AquacultureResources Use and Conservation Division

(FIR)

Policy,Economics

andInstitutions

Branch(FIPI)

Products,Trade andMarketing

Branch(FIPM)

Marine andInland

FisheriesBranch(FIRF)

FishingOperations

andTechnology

Branch(FIRO)

Statistics andInformation

Branch(FIPS)

AquacultureBranch(FIRA)

AssistantDirector-General

FishCode Programme(FIDF)

AssistantDirector-General

Programme Coordination Unit

(FIDP)

DDG-NR

FIR StructureDirector__________

Deputy DirectorFIRA

Branch Chief: Jiansan Jia

4 teams led by Team Leaders

FIRF Branch Chief:

Yimin Ye

4 teams led byTeam

Leaders

Project Operation

sGroup

FIRO Branch Chief: Frank Chopin

2 teams led byTeam Leaders

FIR Staffing and RP Resources (2012-2013)

FIRXRP Posts: 5 (D-2, D-1, G-6, G-5 x

2)EBF Posts: 0

Total: 5Total RP Fund: $ 1,069,000

FIRORP Posts: 11 (8 P + 3

G)EBF Posts: 0

Total: 11Total RP Fund: $

4,840,067

Key FIR-Led ActivitiesEF NansenGlobal Record of Fishing VesselsMediterranean Sea ProjectsCapacity Building under South-South

and Triangular CooperationsEcosystem Approach for FisheriesEcosystem Approach for AquacultureSmall Scale FisheriesNormative and field-based efforts to

combat illegal fishing (GR, VMS, etc.)By Catch Programs (CTI & LAC)

Surveyed Areas of the Nansen Vessel

27WWW.FAO.ORG

FAO in The Mediterranean Sea and The Black Sea

Common forum for management discussions and agreementsFormal meeting point

Focus on trust and cooperationLevel Playing field

Identify Common Interests/Issues

Centre points for cooperation

Take into account differences in capacity

and culture:Sub-regional

Approach

Capacity Development for National/Local Institutions

Teach HOW TO FISH

FAO Conference

COFI / COFI Sub Committee /

Regional Conferences

FAO Technical Meeting

FAO Expert Group

MeetingFAO Experts & Partners

CONTRIBUTION OF FIR EXPERTS IN THE FAO DECISION MAKING PROCESSES

FIR EXPERTS CAN OFFER:

- Technical Guidance

- Global reviews on special topics

- Resource status reviews & biological

descriptions

Policy Implementation

Pilot Project Implementati

on

FIR IN THE NEW FAO STRATEGIC FRAME WORK

List of FIR Products

and Services

FIR In the SO1, SO2, SO3, SO4,

SO5

SOs Outcomes

and Outputs

Resource Mobilizations, Partnerships

Decentralized Offices

Fisheries & Aquaculture under South-South and Triangular Cooperation Schemes (FI, NR, AG, TC), Preparation for the implementation of Blue Economy in the Targeted Countries (FI, NR, TC, AG, FO), Global Program on Decent Work for Food Security and Sustainable Rural Development to be implemented in Targeted Countries (FI, AG,NR, TC) Global Aquaculture Advancement Program (GAAP) to be implemented in targeted countries. TUNA – ABNJ (FI, NR, TC) Climate Change, Conservation and Livelihood in the Aquatic, Marine and Coastal Areas (FI, FO, AG, NR, TC)

FIR Key Activities in the New Strategic Framework

a

FIR PRESENT AND FUTURE PARTNERS

Norway SpainJapan

PR China

USA Indonesia

IDBEuropean Union Brazil

PR China

Thank you!