brief introduction of xingkai lake - unece€¦ · russia and china have regular exchange visits,...

Sub-Regional Workshop On Transboundary Water Resources Management In Central Asia For The Second Assessment Of

Transboundary Waters Under The Water Convention

Brief Introduction of Xingkai Lake

Li Jiao

Beijing Forestry University, P. R. China

2010.10.14

My GroupBeijing Forestry University is the only higher institution in China which has the college that cultivates professionals specialized on nature reserve protection and management .

Wetland Research Group is made up of a leader—Professor Lei Guangchun, 2 assistants, 2 Ph. D. students, and 11 Master students.

Wetland Research Group focus on hydrology , carbon sink, birds, amphibians and other aspects of important wetland sites, as well as zoning, monitoring, assessing the Nature Reserve.

Contents

1.Description of the Lake

2.Description of Nature Reserve

3.Main problems in the Basin

4.Transboundary Cooperation


• Name:

― Xingkai Lake (China)

― Lake Khanka (Russia)

• Location:

― on the border of the People’s

Republic of China and the

Russian Federation

• Type:

― Fresh Permanent Natural

• Trophic State:

― EutrophicFigure 1 Satellite map of Lake

China

Russia

• Water Surface Area:

– 4,380km2,

– China: 1,240km2 & Russia :3,140km2

• Volume：：：：

– 18.30km3

• Depth:

– Ave.=4.5m Max=10.6m

• Catchment :

– 16,890km2

• Inflowing rivers

– 8-China；15-Russia


Figure 2 Birds of the Xingkai Lake

• Xingkai Lake Nature Reserve ：Xingkai Lake + 4 Agriculture Farms + 1 Fish Farm

• Ramsar Site

• Population: 88,160

• Density≈40 person/km2

Land Use Type Area(ha) Percent(%)

Lake Area 124,667 56

Swamp Area 46,364 20.8

Forest Area 8,583 4

Agriculture Land 42,697 19.2

Total 222311 100%


Table 1 Land Use Type of Xingkai Lake Nature Reserve

2.1 Plants

• Xingkai Lake, China part, has 691 vascular species, among which 10 species are endangered plants.

• Pinus ussruiensis is the endemic species in the zone.


Figure 3 Pinus ussruiensis

ORDERS FAMILIES SPECIES

FISHES 7 15 68

AMPHIBIANS 2 4 7

CRAWLS 1 3 7

BIRDS 16 40 361

MAMMALS 6 14 39

TOTAL 32 76 482

47 endangered animals


In Xingkai Lake Nature Reserve：2.2 Animals

Table 2 Animals List in the Xingkai Lake Nature Reserve

•One of the highest level of bird diversity in Eurasian temperate zone.

•Home to 361 migratory, nesting, and wintering birds.


2.2.1 Birds

Figure 4: East Asian-Australasian Flyway Source: Maki Koyama © 2008 Partnership for EAAF.

Xingkai Lake


2.2.1 Birds

Grus japonensis Egretta alba Ciconia nigra

Ciconia boyciana Anser cygnoides

Figure 5-1 Birds


2.2.1 Birds

Phalacrocorax carbo

Mergellus alb

Anas penelope Tadorna ferruginea

Anas formosa

Anas crecca

Anas platyrhynchos & Anas acuta

Anas falcata

Anas querquedula Anas clypeata

Mergus merganserTadorna tadorna

Aix galericulata

Figure 5-2 Birds


2.2.2 Fishes

Huso dauricus

Erythroculter ilishaeformisHimeculter bleekerilucidus

Erythroculter dabryi

Figure 6 Fishes


2.2.3 Mammals

Ursus thibetanus Lepus timidus

Prionailurusbengalensis

Cervus elaphusLutra lutra

Figure 7 Mammals

2.3 Uses & Functions

Irrigation

Fishery Industry


Figure 8 Irrigation

Figure 9 Fishery Industry

Rice Paddy

Straw

Xingkai Lake


3.1 Waste, especially agricultural wastewater discharged to the lake�eutrophic�raising COD

Figure 10 Agricultural Wastewater

caused:


3.2 Overfishing

Figure 11 Overfishing

4.1 History

Yr History Evolution

1986 Xingkai Lake National Nature Reserve(China)

1990 Khanka Lake National Nature Reserve(Russia)

1996 Agreement on Lake Xingkai/Khanka

1997 Transboundary International Nature Reserve

North-East Asia Crane Network

2002 Ramsar Site of International Importance

2006 Biosphere Reserve

Sino-Russian Joint Monitoring Program on Water Quality of Transboundary Water Bodies


Table 3 History between China and Russia


Head of China's environmental agency Zhou Shengxian and Minister of Natural Resources and Ecology ТрутневЮрийПетрович attended the 5th meeting of the Environmental Sub-Committee between China and Russia

A Russian research staff collected water samples together with Chinese research staff

2rd meeting of Sino-Russian Joint Committee of Wise use and Protection of the Transboundary Water

Russia and China have regular exchange visits, joint monitoring of the water quality, environment protection cooperation , and birds survey every year.

• Sign :2006, begin :2007.

• Monitoring time: May and Sep. every year

Flow SS PH DO Oil COD BOD5 TP

Pb Nitrite Cu Zn NO2--N As Hg Cd

Cr6+ IPB Ar-OH DDT DDE PCB Fe Mn

2,4-dichloro-

phenol

Trichlorop

henol

Atrazine Temperature 2，4-d Lindane Benzene Toluene

Ethylbenzene Dimethylb

enzene

Ammonia

nitrogen

Permanganate

index

Ethylami

ne

Hexachloro

benzene

Fecal

coliforms

Chlorofor

m


4.2 Sino-Russian Joint Monitoring Program on Water Quality of Transboundary Water Bodies

Table 4 Monitoring contents

• Monitoring sections are located at the interchange of Xingkai Lake and Songacha River, from which monitoring results represent the overall Lake.

• According to the results of 2009, water quality is generally good. Compared to the results of 2007 and 2008, no significant change and seasonal change is found in the water quality.

————Summary Report 2009, Water Monitoring And Protection Team, Environmental Cooperation Sub-Committee,

Regular Meeting Between Chinese Premier And Russian Prime Minister


4.2 Sino-Russian Joint Monitoring Program on Water Quality of Transboundary Water Bodies

• Making watershed protection plans and carrying out ecological environmental constructions between China and Russia

• Developing eco-agriculture, through reducing the utilization of pesticides and fertilizes

• Protecting the present lake wetland and converting cultivated land to wetland

• Restoring Xingkai Lake fishery resource


4.3 Future Recommendations and Planned Response Measures

For More Information…

College of Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry University No. 159 mailbox, 35 Tsinghua East Road,Beijing, China

Fax/Tel: +86-010-6233-6935

[email protected]

brief introduction of xingkai lake - unece€¦ · russia and china have regular exchange visits,...

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