brick laying
TRANSCRIPT
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 1/184
1
Bricklaying
Bonds and Techniques
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 2/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 3/184
3
Header and Stretcher
• The brick laidacross thewall is calleda header
• If the brick islaid in a long
way it iscalled astretcher
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 4/184
4
General Rule
• Never allow a vertical joint on top of another
Half stoneoverlapping
Half
stonestarter
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 5/184
5
Minimum overlapping :
A quarter stone
This is the header bond
The joints are centred
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 6/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 7/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 8/184
8
Hand Made Bricks
• Hand made bricks do not conform to thesestandards
• They vary in size and are out of proportion17.8cm
19cm
9cm4.7cm
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 9/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 10/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 11/184
11
Wrong
• This results in too little overlapping andmore mortar to fill the space
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 12/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 13/184
13
Filling up Headers is bad!
• This isnot a
correctstandardSideView
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 14/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 15/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 16/184
Mortar Is More Expensive ThanBricks
• Sand and cement aremuch more
expensive than bricks
• Keeping large gaps
between bricksmakes the brickworkexpensive
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 17/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 18/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 19/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 20/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 21/184
21
Header Bondfor Hand Made Bricks
• Centre the brick always on the joint below
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 22/184
22Header
¾ Stretcher
Close the gap ifstones are too wideand leave them dry without mortar. Theheaders below andon top bond thesestretchers.
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 23/184
23
Bonding
Apply mortar correctly and see to
good bonding
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 24/184
24
Trowels
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 25/184
25
Use a large Trowel
• You can handle more mortar at once
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 26/184
26
Mortar must be soft and not dry !
• When you put themortar use a very softone to allow the brickto sink into the mortar
• Press the brick until itlevels correctly withthe others and thestring guide
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 27/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 28/184
28
Put mortar on the side first andthen turn it
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 29/184
29
And then press the brick into position
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 30/184
30
Level the brick along the guideline
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 31/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 32/184
32
This Method will ensure fastBrick Laying
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 33/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 34/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 35/184
35
Corners with hand made bricks
• Start with two ¾ stones at the corner
3/4 3/4
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 36/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 37/184
37
Corners with hand made bricks
3/4 3/4
• Continue with headers
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 38/184
38
The second Course
• Start again with ¾ stretchers but in theother direction!
3/4
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 39/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 40/184
40
The second Course
• Continue with headers
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 41/184
41
Half-Stone Corner
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 42/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 43/184
43
1/2
Half-Stone T-Joint with HeaderBond
Half-Stone
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 44/184
Bonds for Wire Cut Bricks
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 45/184
45
Corners with wire cut bricks
• Start with ¾ stretchers and continue withheaders like the header bond
3/4 3/4
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 46/184
46
Corners with wire cut bricks
• Start with ¾ stretchers and continue withheaders like the header bond
3/43/4
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 47/184
47
Second Course
• Start with ¾ stretchers
3/4
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 48/184
48
Second Course
• and continue with stretchers in bothdirections
3/4
3/4
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 49/184
49
Second Course
• and continue with stretchers in bothdirections
3/4
3/4
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 50/184
How to apply Mortar
Always put mortar first on the brickand then lay it. Never the other way
about!
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 51/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 52/184
52
Do not put mortar between thestretchers. It would press them in
outward direction .
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 53/184
53
They get filled when you lay the next
course
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 54/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 55/184
55
Guide Lines
• The guide lineis a string
that is fixedin the level of the upper
outer edge of the brick wall.outside
Guide
line
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 56/184
56
Guide
• Build first the corners accurately• Then draw the guide line from one corner to the o
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 57/184
57
• Next the bricks are laid between the
corners along the guide line
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 58/184
58
Verticality
• Theverticalityof cornersare checkedwith thehelp of a
plum bob
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 59/184
59
Take always thelowest brick as
reference to alignthe top
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 60/184
60
Junctions
For Wire Cut Bricks and HandmadeOnes
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 61/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 62/184
62
Header Bond T-Junction
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 63/184
63
Second Course
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 64/184
64
Second Course
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 65/184
65
Bonding Material: Mortar
Mortar is usually a mixture of• Sand• Cement• Lime• Water
But clay can be used as well !
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 66/184
• Sand is the basic material to fill thespace between the bricks.
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 67/184
• Sand is broken from stones by friction inthe river.• Do not use sand from the beach since the
salt content destroys the cement.
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 68/184
Clay
• Clay bonds very well with bricks.
• Both lime and cement protect the clayfrom being washed away by rain.
• Clay insulates very well and creates a
good living climate in the house.
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 69/184
Lime
• Lime is a good bonding material• It dries slowly which is useful for brick
laying and plastering• It reacts well with sand and clay• It makes the mortar much smoother and
softer and easier to handle than a sand-
cement mixture
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 70/184
70
Mortar Mixture Ratio 1:1:6:2
Cement
Sand
Water
Lime
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 71/184
71
How does Cement bond with Sand ?
• See how cement particles grow• Water has just been added
C t g dl i ll
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 72/184
72
Cement grows needles in alldirections
The first stage ofgrowth Final stage with
needlesinterlocked
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 73/184
73
Estimation of Quantities
Calculate how much materials youneed
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 74/184
7410
5.5
First we calculate the head area
including mortar joint1
sq.m
How many bricks are needed for aheader bond wall ?
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 75/184
75
Area = 10x5.5= 55 sq.cm
Calculate the header area
10
5.5
How many bricks go in to
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 76/184
76
How many bricks go in to1 sq. m ?
= 1 sq.m / area= 100cm x100cm / 55sq.cm
= 181.8 brickssay 182 bricks
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 77/184
77
How much mortar is needed for1 sq.m of header bond brick
work ?Estimate mortar
What is the volume of 182
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 78/184
78
What is the volume of 182 bricks without mortar ?
Brick volume = 17.5 x 9 x 4.5
= 708.75 cu.Cm
182 bricks = 0.1289925 cu.M
Mortar is the difference between
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 79/184
79
Mortar is the difference betweentwo volumes
Volume of bricks with mortar – volume of bricks
= Volume of mortarVolume of mortar in 1 sq. M brick wall
= 0.060277m 3
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 80/184
80
How much sand is required for
mortar ?• Assumption:
Sand volume is approximately equal tothe volume of mortar .
• Mortar = cement + sand + water.• Cement particles go into the voids of
sand and fills them.
How much sand is required for a
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 81/184
81
How much sand is required for asq. m brick wall ?
Volume of MortarVolume of Sand
0.060m 3
How many cement bags are
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 82/184
82
How many cement bags arerequired ?
By volume cement is 1/6 th of the sandvolume
= 0.06 m 3 / 6= 0.01 x 28 bags(Because 1m 3=28 bags)
= 0.28 bags
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 83/184
83
Cement, Lime, Sand Ratio
We can add lime to cement
Recommended Ratio 1:1:6
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 84/184
84
How much lime is required ?
The same volume as cement !
= 0.01m 3
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 85/184
85
• Density of Cement = 1440 Kg/m3
• Density of Lime = 864 Kg/m3
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 86/184
86
How much lime is required ?
By weight :
Volume x density of lime
= 0.01x 864 kg
= 8.64 kg
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 87/184
MATERIAL ORDER LIST
for 1 sq.m header bond brick work • 182 Bricks
• 0.060 cu.m Sand• 0.28 bags Cement• 0.01 cu.m or 8.64 Kg Lime
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 88/184
88
Material for a Half-Stone Wall
Estimate your requirements
How many Bricks are needed for
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 89/184
89
How many Bricks are needed fora 4 ½’’ wall ?
Surface area of a brick withmortar = 18.5 x 5.5 sq.cm
18.5 cm
5.5 cm
stretcher
=101.75 sq.cm
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 90/184
90
No. of bricks per 1 sq.m
area of one square metre (sq.cm)
stretcher area with mortar100cm x100cm101.75
= 99 say 100 bricks
=
=
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 91/184
91
How much mortar is required ?
= 0.0289m 3
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 92/184
92
How much sand is required ?
It is equal to the volume of mortar
That is = 0.0289m 3
How many Cement bags are
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 93/184
93
How many Cement bags arerequired for 1sq.m brickwork?
By volume it is 1/6 th of the sand volume
= 0.029/6 m 3
= 0.00483 x 28 bags
= 0.135 bags
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 94/184
94
How much Lime is required ?
Since it is equal to the cement volume
= 0.00483 m 3
By weight = 0.00483 x 864 kg
= 4.17 kg
Material Order List
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 95/184
Material Order Listfor 1 sq.m half-stone brick wall
100 Bricks
0.0289 cu.m Sand0.135 bags of Cement0.00483 cu.m or 4.17 Kg Lime
Quantity of Mortar required for
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 96/184
96
Quantity of Mortar required for5000 bricks:
Sand 3cu.MLime 9 bagsCement 14 bags
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 97/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 98/184
98
Make yourself a tray
80
100
42
140
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 99/184
99
You need two boards
Thickness 20 mm
d f h ll
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 100/184
100
You need two of this as well
42
60
40
Thickness 20 mm
d d
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 101/184
101
And a Bottom Board
76
36
Thickness 20 mm
A d
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 102/184
102
And prepare your mortar…
D O i
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 103/184
103
Door Openings
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 104/184
Wi d Sill
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 105/184
105
Window Sills
• Prevent the rain from seeping into theroom
G i Sill
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 106/184
106
Granite Sills
Stone plate
Siliconsealer
B i k Sill
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 107/184
107
Brick Sills
A nice sill can bemade of bricks ifthey are placedvertically.
Cut the brick to
shape
B i k Sill
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 108/184
108
Brick Sills
The outer sill is slanted forthe rainwater to drain off.
A h
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 109/184
109
Arches
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 110/184
Make a Temporary Arch
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 111/184
111
p ySupport
• Use thick timber for the weight will be heavy
B ild S i i l F
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 112/184
112
Build a Semicircular Form
• Use clay and bricks to build the form and fill thecorners
• Draw the semicircle withstring and nail into theclay front and scrape theform until the top surface
is evenly shaped
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 113/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 114/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 115/184
Wooden Formwork for Arches ?
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 116/184
116
Wooden Formwork for Arches ?
• Instead of thetemporary clay-brickformwork you canmake a wooden one ifthere are more archesto be made over along period of time
• But if it cannot bereused later thetimber is wasted
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 117/184
A Simple One
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 118/184
118
A Simple One
• Do not put heavy loads on this.• It is just for decoration..
First Course
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 119/184
119
First Course
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 120/184
Watch the verticality
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 121/184
121
else it may collapse…
If there is a load
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 122/184
122
If there is a load…
• Reinforced brickwork is better• It can take a load• and it can withstand lateral forces
like wind that puts a pressure onone side of a roof
Start with lean concrete
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 123/184
123
Start with lean concrete
Then a Footing with starter bars
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 124/184
124
Then a Footing with starter bars
Here is the First Course
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 125/184
125
Here is the First Course
Bond
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 126/184
126
Bond
And Concrete
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 127/184
127
And Concrete
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 128/184
128
Horizontal Levelling
Water in Tubes
Water levels equal in connected
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 129/184
129
tubes
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 130/184
Close the ends with your thumbs
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 131/184
131
when you carry it around
Wait until the level settles.
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 132/184
132
It may first jump up and down
Hold the hose against the wall
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 133/184
133
Hold the hose against the wall
If the mark is higher raise the
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 134/184
134
ends
And the water level will follow
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 135/184
135
And the water level will follow
Repeat
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 136/184
136
Repeat
Until the water levels with the
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 137/184
137
mark
Then mark the other column
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 138/184
138
Then mark the other column
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 139/184
139
Portable Scaffolding
Be a professional
Make yourself a Donkey
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 140/184
140
Make yourself a Donkey
130
150
50
12
30
75o
Draw the Shape on the Floor
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 141/184
141
aw t e S ape o t e oo
130
150
50
12
30
75o
Put the Planks in Position
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 142/184
142130
153.5
50
30
75o
Mark the lengths and angle
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 143/184
143
g g
130
150
50
12
30
75o
Cut the planks and position them
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 144/184
144
p p
130
150
50
12
30
75o
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 145/184
Nail all gussets on the frame
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 146/184
146
g
130
150
50
12
30
75o
Make another Frame but ofdiff t Si
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 147/184
147
different Size
130
150
50
1875
o
12
Cut the Pieces
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 148/184
148130
153.5
50
1875
o
12
Nail the gussets on one side only
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 149/184
149
g y
130
150
50
1875
o
12
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 150/184
Add the other leg
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 151/184
151
g
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 152/184
Secure it with another crossbrace
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 153/184
153
brace
See how the two frames areinterlocked
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 154/184
154
interlocked
1
2
As next we need the braces
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 155/184
155
150
90
30
34cm
58cm
80cm
Length
Cut the braces 45 o
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 156/184
156
34cm
58cm
80cmLength
You need 4 Nos. of each length
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 157/184
Braces and Legs form a LegFrame
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 158/184
158
50X50
Frame
The innercrossbraces are
not shown
With 2 Donkeys and a Plank
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 159/184
159
40mm Plank
It will be safe to climb…
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 160/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 161/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 162/184
• Fill the space in between with mortar
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 163/184
163
• Level the mortar accurately
• Remove the strips and you will have aneven layer of mortar to place the bricks on
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 164/184
164
even layer of mortar to place the bricks on
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 165/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 166/184
• Level the vertical spaces with a 1 mm narrow trow
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 167/184
167
Do not fill the spaces. They fill up when you dothe next layer and some air is good as well: it
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 168/184
168
insulates!
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 169/184
However, there is one
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 170/184
170
detail one has to giveattention to:
Electrical conduits andwater pipes need to beburied in the wallinvisibly.
There is one way to do it:
The cavity wall.
Cavity Wall
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 171/184
171
3…5cm
Conduits
Wall plug
point
The void works as ainsulation. Water andheat is kept in theouter wall.
The two half stone wallsare joint with mildsteel bars every 50cm.
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 172/184
172
Sewerage Brickwork
Septic Tank and Soakage Pit
Septic Tank Construction
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 173/184
173
Lid MarkingBricks
GroundLevel
3m
1.50 1.50
Manho
leConcrete slab
2nd Sedimen
tation
1 st
Sedime
ntation
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 174/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 175/184
Two Chamber Construction
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 176/184
176
First Course
Interlinked by aquarter
Two Chamber Construction
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 177/184
177
Second Course
Soakage Pit
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 178/184
178
• The soakage pit is designed to disperse the
sewage in the soil• It must therefore provide ample openings
to enter the soil from all sides
Sewage dispersed in soil
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 179/184
179
Sewage from SepticTank
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 180/184
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 181/184
Open spaces allow the sewage toseep through
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 182/184
182
p gNo
Mortar!!
Sewage
Soakage through the Floor Soil
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 183/184
183
Mortar
OpenSpaces
Soil
Ventilation Pipe Methanol Gas
8/12/2019 Brick Laying
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/brick-laying 184/184
FromsepticTank
ol Gas
andPressur e
releasefor
incoming
sewage