breeding of pajnted hatagur terrapin · 6.610.1 cm in length, respectively. hatching time was 88-99...
TRANSCRIPT
Technical lalC no 1912003
BREEDING OF PAJNTED HATAGUR TERRAPIN
Calagar bomeoemis (Schlegel and M nileI 1844)
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111anlJtIUliltllllllYi 42-42-2-15-73-111-1-482-028
2003
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Painted Batagur Terrapin J A
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ABSTRACT
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BREEDING OF PAINTED BATAGUR TERRAPIN
Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844)
Wonnat Hirunchulha Chaiyaphum Inland Fisheries Station Chaturat Chaiyaphum Province 36130
Chaiwat Ratanadadas Phattalung Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center Muang Phattalung
Province 93000 Sovakhon Roungrung
Chortip Jaroonsak Satun Inland Fisheries Station La-ngu Satun Province 91110
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study was done to evaluate effect of vitamin E on breeding on Painted Batagur Terrapin Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844) Experiment was conducted in two 20x30 m ponds at Satun Inland Fisheries station From August 1998 to September 1999 Broodstocks were stocked (14 pairspond) and fed with minced trash fish Amblygaster clupeoides mixed with Ipomea aquatica (1 1 by weight) at 2 of body weight daily Vitamin E at the rate of 200 mg per kilogram of food was supplemented to the animals for one pond while the other was not
Results revealed that wild broodstocks collected around the mouth of La-ngu canal La-ngu Satun Province female turtle was normally bigger than male Mating season started from October to early December Egg laying was at night from December to January Eight female spawned for vitamin E-fed group while only 6 female spawned in control group Average agg numbers were 88plusmn29 and 104plusmn 43 eggsfemale and size of 524plusmn21 and 529plusmn36 gm in weight 40plusmn01 and 40plusmn01 cm in width and 67plusmn01 and 66101 cm in length respectively Hatching time was 88-99 days at 268-318 degc of sand temperature Young cub had average weight of 281126 and 308plusmn32 gm with 415 and 458 hatching rate respectively Both survival rate were 100 No significant differences between adding and non adding vitamin E on feed
8
Key words Painted Batagur Terrapin Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844) breeding
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lIlI OJ lI D Jt I d I YltII QI
1IJ1mVflIJlm1IJ1lJllJ~VflflH11IJ~ -rr1IJlflilf111V1li1nV~VIl-rr1lJ11i11lJlJV 11vm1 200 lJnnmlJm1111 1
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
8
inllf1ilJ w~mflIJ~l1i~Yi 2 ll~I1Ui~~1h rillVilIlllJlWliJUIIlllJ flllflfl~ltrl1-mn-lIllhJlr~lfhj n6uqtlfllltll~ili 3 Ji1lU
bull i U ~ ~rh~ fl1 ~Y1l ll1l~I11fll~ il~lflW~qigt1m ~ lJfll~ IItflJ~Uil~ ili 1JUnflWlJlt11llll
lIlJI1U nll~1umn~11~ i Ii d1l1lilIli111~ ilitf~ I1U~1~~IigtlWllJl~1lIj1 i lilJ lflmnamJ(I fi~Jl1tlfl $i1mfl~6~fi~Y1i1iJmJ 1 il11U1ti~11lhmiJuflilJ 1JU11$iVn1l1djlJlnhmiJullfU~llJm 1lll~tlIJ ~lU1U Wli~ J1fltlU~~l~ i Iii11U IlllJlliUI~lJ 1111ll~~fltJ(I~I~rnftIJViiIi1l1lflllfl1ltil~llnA~~U
bull bull i JI
1111iriJl1 1iiliii1 m6IJunt~~~Iij(J1li6lJliJU fl 1lflyj1lil1l~ftUiJ1-HlItil~ 1h6UII1i1ii~lJ 1l1fltlIIi1~ bull
11~601-Hi litlliliil flllllJ jjn lJln igt1lII)111 2(111lJiJlIll~tnllJlIUillJ~Y11Ill 1l11 fllHll 1I 1l~ n1lUii~ ii111UgtI
~m~lYlfl61lml1fllIiHmm~JJ~IIU1lt11flfl~1~ 8 ih irill1Phi11lJfWfllwtJl-Ht11flflll~1l~ltflJ1lftIJ f Jti1 ltVd A 1 ~ wI wdVlmIUlVW l1flVllI11111111~lJ1IJUY1m~VI1ll1iilfl II llJ-)gflVllilm1JUVlll~nm1lJlJ1lJl1~IIU1Vi
11I~1h11lrfllU111h i1l1l~IJ1111utitlfl-)UfliVlfllllJIIU1 rKuphuuuifflllH 2 IlJm 1igt1111htl~ 5
llfUigt1llJW~ lIluti1ll1lU~l-H~I~tJl-Hllmllil~UlJl~fl fl~ 1~rrl~1l6fliJIljq~ i jltl~IJi11(1 ri11 ~6~ Illi~llflQ~ IitI1~~1Ji4inlll11~lllJl(l 5-7 11 ii~ 1r1l1111llgtrf1J~llWh~1I1Ill1~~IUtJ1illJftll~fl~~ 11
)wn 11 lutlilJlw~lJlflnuVlt1
-0 jI
bull L3 fl1~llfl~1~Illl6f bull
Il16W~ltnl1Jil1J~Ijmh~mllJfl~1~mIl1l~ ml1Jm1m1l~Ull~Illl1UflJtl~ Y JI JI JI
9hIlIli1l I iI~1Ji1~ml1JillJ~Uj~wh~ Ii111 tlfl jj li1t1UflllfllrhlIllll111UfllllMui i ifilfl111
1IIJ simple linear regression lVio1thllfl~lJthl~llll systat version 50 allnfl1n1~j tiwnilfl
6V1lWO~ ImtllJI-viVIJl~oH T-test
9
Illlfl1jflillll
bull bull yen
fmffmlli1IJ-na~tl1~(1 V1Ul~lfll(l~huiJ~alff(lfJYUlfl~a(lllnwtl1flfllla~a~ um
JJ ~ I1l1~1i11h~~lfltl1flih hhf1IJ 1 0 f11nllJli1~If~ 1~1lJfJVIllVla~lflUlJIJ -Il~ V1lllJ1IlWrlJlJhi~lla~ih
bull fJ) II t
~ltla~-nilUliimiflgtlWUl1IJ Ul11i~-nihl1111SltfllflJlJ1I1W lJlJlii1a ~lfl ihtj GYlJlla lmfll~ tllffU tI ~ J II vl
a dllllJVi IJ VIfJ~U1UiI j lIU111-1 cl ~jflUll1J1m lIi ~ll II ihll1 ~IIlJI1l1lfUli1il111lYl1l1m II GYU lUll yen bull
lJ111l11J JIIJ ~hiiI1lJU1lili1
fllSllwim~luUa~~hillll~llll1i1 lli~1111i1GYIlIlVllJl~II1~ fIilfH1l~ tJIl~ dillih Y sJ bull
fIilfJ~UlllllimliilJlllul~lfli~1111i11l1~lmimiddotm1Ii1liVI1l~ j1m1lJl~I1~iillhll1ll ISPi1 V1lJ-nrilll1l bull
1l~lIllihlJaihlll~ ~1ll1ll II ~ UIlvi1lJlllhflUl tJ11f)fJll~ ~lll1ll 4 Pi1 1iJUIVlff~~lll1ll 7 Pi1
lllffliltJ~1U1IJ 8 ~ 1l1l~illlgl~lJ~lUU 41 Pi iJUV1ff~~lll1IJ 21 ii1 IVifftiluhIJ1IJ 20 ii1 al~ bull 1h1J1W 15-30 11 j~lflllnm~lIllUmjIJmli1tJ~
~ ~
12 IlflgtlWV1WI111V101
121 l5flgtlwihl tI
IlIili11tJ~iJlil1i111U9hJliIi1UUlfl l1i1l ~V1llllIJ1111i11~lJililJmrfl 202
~1 QiI 91 ~Ililfl amlJ mllJfl11IflSlla~ 484 1IfUllllJflS fl11lJJ11mli1a~ 505 IfUfll1JfI mli1a~I-lIl~llJ ll 1J
iiflgtlW1l10Vl1lJ011ll fJ~ lhii 3 wn lJ111W flal1l1li ~iJUiJ~llallm~ ll~1i11lJlIU1~hii1 ltii~ilUI~jf1i1 q ~ ~I x 1 l lUlI11VtJtJU1I1l 1114 m 1l llJllJlllJtl1~lJ1flUU m li1ll4nUllU GYYI1 mli1a4fllUVIll Iffll11f1S lJ iJ~llV
1 = 1 ~ 1 =yenlJ lflllll j lJ ll tJlllJ 1 flff mll a lJ UIl flll W IlJ Uti I-IUfllJ flIl1UU Il a 0 GY 1U IIfJI iJ fl j (IlllJm1l1i1i1 UU
dy OJd ltd1 Q ~ I Ylt$dll IllflUaVllllIJfllf1Hfl1lHffIi11t1fJmall1i111J1~GYU11tlfl 1 tlli11J1lJU ~1i11Ul~la ll111U llJlIlm lU1U 5
Igll Ul11n4iJl~1J~1U1U 4 ~ll illl11111lilala~1111~if~afiUtln1(Ji1~~ 4~1Jflmiddotht~11l1VfillliJ1i1 l5flllwmli1a~ ilmIi1M11l54 (shield) 37 UNU tI~flall~0mta~fla1~~ (neural shield) 5
IINll mli1al~lIJl1n~ (costal shield) oi1~1l 4 IINll mmmSllIJMlil (marginal shield) ffl~tl
II Nll m~s~mila1lUl1N (supracaudal shield) ffHIlt I IINll mli1tHrl1U~fili1fill1i1 (nuchal
shield) iJlllllillgfl mli1a~~lUllUl1lljll~fl 1 (keel) ifmiia~tlaUllllali1ull1flIlHII1 rl1UmilS~
~luVla~ (plastron) lhflall~vmiI6~rlU~filln1Jtla (gular shield) ilUU1ilI~fl 2 IINU mils~ ll1nwUll1Ul (humeral shield) 2 IlNIJ mils~ri1IJ~fili1nllll111Ul (inguinal shield) 2 mlU
mli1a~ri1Uafl (pectoral shield) 2 lINll mila4ri1uVla~ (abdominal shield) 2 UNU mila~lll
bull bull
c
(keel shield)
m~~fl~i1Ul1~
(costal shield)
(neural shield)
mltllmmJBlflU111~
(supracaudal shield)
10
I1ill] (axillary shield) 2 lUlu m~IINl]~1t11iJl11li~ (femeral shield) 2 miu m~IMihuiIJ
(anal shield) 2 Uf1U 1I1fI~lWpJ~ 2
ltl~ 2 5fl1JtII~~tlll~lHWm~Il~hIJl11i1uNum~1l1ff1Ufill~la~5fl1JtII~lfi1iJ1l1~htlltl iWI~1
122 R111l91fl~11II1I
R11111191 fl~11mh~ IIlll~II lt1 ~1Ilf1nmll1lt11 VIii IJ 1l91 Ill] h 1111 l~lJ1tJ I Illl~n
IJWll Igflfl11ll1In tJI15~n5fljjtllSft~11J2tl1lill11WIiIl IJfl11 IIl1l10J ) Idflll11 alJ fl1l Illlln tJ 1Il1l~~ Ild1W1Jil~t)JViWiilllfllJff1WI151m1I1l1~1W1U 3 Ill] ~Hfllt111 I 1IflIJ tY1W-iHm91IHltlil1lt1 1
UflIJ Ua~lJIlIJm~1l1illlmJ9I1lJlIW11A1IJ1l1m~1l11I1mllIJaflSlJlrlJI1tJJmJafh flllJ11fli1I1l1l
I IV (4 wlOI t ltV 44 IV I d ~ )8IlJ ~ IJ 1 tl N1flIll W1jlJW tW~1tJ tl1WI11lJ1flflJlJlI011 lt1fllltll UUnlJm1 lfflIJ1Utlfltl Il tI tllm fl lt11 IflO1
vi-i~Iilti thlll1nfls11 I11~6U tI11flhllllllilv tI~i11I111~1l11imheJfil] Ifltll111mflfl11IlIliltJ
bull UHtlnl11t1IWflIHtIm~1J1-i iJIJ ff1t1Illlln ~mO1Il1Mlti1fhl114hlifllWfltl1l1nl11t1 lli~ i1iiihh
$I S4 I _~ ~ dV I I Iq 1lt5 bull ~1Cl I11l1-r 11 lJ IIHU ll1l1U IlllflmIJ NU Ilflllt1fltlIltJ m fI 1l1191ClIIHIJ tlJlJl11f1l11t1UtlflIlHtI mftll1
~ihlItlI1jjlltlhlJtlmh~tnfiti IlllliltJ~)j1~iiIJtllA 111qJfl11tllll~ mi~ lA11l1flfli1 ~flihu
IIIltYtlfl11 iiiYJ111~~1U1tltllIlG ff1UI111gmfti ~tJt1mwh~l~jlJti1lJfi1J IflUI11~IilltJflill1lff
~ tlft~1t11tl~ 3 Itll 4
(nuchal shield) (gular shield)
mIIt)~U1I11I11IJ111111
(hurneralshield)
(in~inalshield)
(pectoral shield)
(axillary shield)
m~fl~lhufia~ (abdominal shield)
n~~elU1tuUltt6~
(remeral shield)
m~IINri1u~u (anal shield)
11
IHlil ~ III1~ v
ltl1i 4 iTn~~UlliltlIII1il~Ill~ilJW1lu~mYU III1~IINiiJW1iltllmlioll
12
123 fl11lJnlJWjn1Wi1~fl11lJfr)1~mfIHUtlI1111rfl f111lJVl1mflU~IUI1111rfl
lhtl1JillJL1l~lmlllfl~ihfl11rf111rmil~V 63plusmn14 fntlflflJ mllJfl1l~mOlU~ l11~tJ 312plusmn211lfUilll1fl~ fl1111Vl1fll~J~il~V 343plusmn261lfU~lJfl1 f111mYlJl~Un111h~fI11lJfl11~ m~U~UtlI11lfrflUtl~IltlilJi CW = 14226W+2216 R2 = 07295 l1lf11111fflJiun~wh~
fI11lJll1mf1~NUllUl11rflU1l~Iluiui CL = 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 lfffl~1lJ~tlVl 5
CL= 16962W 23474
R ~ 06247
60
50
40
30
~ 20 CW = 14226W 2216iij
RZ = 0729510
o
0 5 10 15 20 llnninlltnI i(nn
IILWmJJviiUl11rflmnV 154plusmn17 1111lflflJ f111lJfl11~mOlU~illlJ 432plusmn22
lIIUilLlJfl~ fI11lJV11mf1U~III~V 467plusmn17 IIU~lJfl~ tl11lJnlJiu1i~11h~fI11lJfl1NmOltHUll h1rflUNlli~ui CW = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 1I11mllJfflJiut1111h~f111lJVl1
w w 2 q _-ltmOllNUllUl11UflUNlllJIIUlj CL = 07377W+35368 R = 05489 lffOl~ Ullll16
ON 07377x +3536860
R~ 05489
- 50 ~8 ~ 40 ~
~
30 ~
05974 c 20 ~ 10
0
250 5 10 15 20
13
Vlqiim11J f) 11 Nifllfil-liU1lf) 1 n1~ Ii
I AS ~ d ltV j-v a I~ 11l1et~I-I nm Il I~~
d ll1tJ NifllVll-l Ij f)I-I Il~ f) 11H11-1U1l ~ f) 1114111-1 j If114IHJUIImfllJ
d fH
ijI-Iiii61-1nl-l11f1ll1~tJNiflJfiWifiu1uU1limiddotmllJU1i1f) 30-40 l1WiilllW lY1IVli~11tJ11n1-6lJ lt] 1i1 -= _I I 0 q I l ltV J 0 aI I IVli1llJIJHcrlUl1lJlf)VlWI-I 11fflVlillltJ lJNfl1461lf1 1l111111lJf) 1~64IJH1I1~1U1lmII64if11-1 f)UlJ6~ a~1 $ ~ li i w1
l~lVlIflJlJ ll1111lJlJll 30 U11lil4IJI-IfI6lJIVlIflJlI lIIJlIH 4 IINfllf)jilIHtI1I~IJHIII1VlIfIJJII
HlIlHy1 2 ltilmllJ~lJalJ f)j11 a4~l1-1r11l164IVllfliiIJUt11~I6f)IIlJ1ntll1hm16IJ64~mw ff11-1111i iii ~ bull
lilIJ611iJ 4 i 1-1 U 1 Hlti4 ~ 1mlIUllIf~ifV gt111 1l 11JH NIy 1 MH NIVllflilmYi JifJ~611J1ltilNiflJW inULVli
MA ltv d f t 11 ltQ
IlJlJ IlJJ if61lJ11J1lI1ifl-ll1INIllVlIflJJJ~1I1lJ1tl1 5middot10 W1Yl ~lf)I-I WVl1lVll-lllL1lUlJVlUIj If 1-1
tI lti4lti11f 1flW 1M~J111 VliV4i16~iiillnl-l J1111 lJltl1 5 mli4UIJt11l6t1i)1 t1nU61tl1i1~ii timltll111 W vi1lltlJ1l4111l II 1111-11I1l1JUNf) ~14 fit 1 tJ~iilllcenthIi1mh4lI64J1Jil~4~ t1 lt] Jggt1H
bull JJ
t1m4 2 ~4 VllJ11i1Ul~1l iflll1~1-1 IIf1lJJf)lJl il1f)ff11-11JIf ti~ilt1NfflJI-lifil-llff~ il )rtJ1Vli9i1~H ljgt1
66t1 ~lfla1111 IVl If~uiJ IJ fft1 fIi4If gt1lhjh I1I6yi1-1 li64IJ1l41hl-lt1 NIH iJ6W~lJ lI W 111IJJ 461tJ1tf1f
JI w dr dIJ11111lJltll 5-8 ll1UIlUlJm t11NlhlJ1tl1 8-10 ll1UllllJ~1 t11141)1f)NiflJIIW~1gt11111j1llJtIiJlf)lJI-I1 ~ ~ w d ~w w ltI d J w ltlw
llfU nmet I-IIVl6Nilllt1lJ IIJ UllIAll 11l1lJfll1NiflJVll-lljU1lt1lJU11l1lIJUr11iJ IlJNiflJIil-lljf1tMllllii
iQ J w ~ w ltI aK 1 bull 9 ~ ~~6f) If 1t1ill1t11 IfIjV4illtHfl1~NfflJVlUlj1lmllJt~1 ~f11ll1-11UlJU blJ6~lJW111ftVlnJVl1 ~ t1 111 1111 IlJ
ff1lJ11(lNfflJU~fltUutifi11 yj1lui~U4H1Ltiuihhlll-l~V4hll~flJfl11NiflJuili41lNfflJ lui1l111
a III I~I i1 4t OJ dl fit ai~1 I 1 ti d
H lti4 ~ 1fl1ltili 1 I IiflJt111IlUlJuill~ lJltll 1 1~1)lj Utili 11~lJ~UlJ1dn 1~11lilll11J 11flH 111H114114 I lIu 1 lJltll gt11-1 1gt16 W litl11f1lJ fl4ll m 1 rllJ1JI-I l14Yl H tI H Ijll illf) IlJ 1ft 111lllJfl1111 Yl 1J
111111t11 gt1 Vlnetui1i114 I Ii mit~11lfI llltljtllJl11~1 lilJUH 1ft Yl11t11U~UVi lllfl1iR1luolNWI-IU1l
v bullbull bull
1~lJlJff4lJ t~II9imn 2100 bull 0400 1-1 li1~IlIUq~I1i~1114 Iili14IilU4IViJ4IliU 1~lii1ltl1l1tJql11~Ii 1U11il11411il1n4iitl4flW lii6111hi1ii6f)~~114Ili1~UtJ1-11IJ111 n411~ 2 ~-NI~~tIIltJillfl111~lU
t1lti4 iimjtllfffiJ1~f)1llJl1N~1t1lh9i1111lJ11ll 3-5 LlJill m1lliit11l6~HllJlIlJlll 3060 1l11-~llJm ~ ~ ~J l ~ 1 I 1 ~r111llt1JN 20-40 lfU~llJVl1 Illllilllt1WifUIIU1l41fllllCl114lI fttJJt1tltlIJUlllflU6t1U1l1u1lWIl
II
6l t1lJl IJ IllvhN 11i I~11)iiUU1Iii U f166 t1ll lHri61~ IHIYi1llhfJH ril iiUinrIiill f1 lJl tlIfitI 11 llJ
w ~ ~_ ~~I i w1lf)lJtlII~lJ~UUrllJ1lIDIJ~ Ii6ill6~fl1 11IUUIIllt1lJtltlll1t)lJ ~1 ~4mlJl UfI11i1f1lIUil1
lJfi~tl Illi 1 litfi1H1Ii lif~ iJUU-iliJ1~lJmli4~tlYl11J1I~f11llJ1I1t111llJJum T4iJfl II~mJflU 1-Nmt iI bull
Ufl muIf)1I1t111ljll 1tl~1JIlUiJfttl1t11flll J1fltiWUtili1iJI~rl1lJ111111 lt] tlt1f1f~1~Uin~ihfl~6t1 II JI
fl1~t1 lJ 1 H Ii l1il~ J 1fltiuUUlh~fl1I1U 1l ~Ul 111 Illt1N1lt1l1 VI ill1lfi4VllJ11UUI~h1141lin4iYU
~11l1t1 14 gt11
bull bull bull
14
I lt14 d ltaJ jI d ff1UlyenllUJ1JllUTWUfl1HW 158plusmn17 f11nmll ml11f111~f11~ilfJ~tmW 433plusmn2A 1lfUillllil~ Wl111Vl1
m~ilfJ~m~J 469plusmn15 llfU~tuil~ UlivtUlj1Ht 8 ijlFl 14 tilInFlTm~tli 571 lltlfo1u~ ii
~Ii~1U1U 83 vlfJ~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jm~U lOAplusmn43 vlfJ~I1llnJlfil~tltl1111illijUti lyenlff~ihilWiJfl~~J
lIUiiilJl lllffiilJlhhl1ilFl~liu 15Ot17 filnflill ml11f1~mmiltl~mli1J 431plusmn21 lf1J~llJil~
mllJm1m~ilfJ~m~1J 466plusmn19 IfUlIllJII1 llliwUim11i 6 ) IllFl 14 11 tiil~1f11111~H 429
lltlflltUli mli~1U1U 53 vltl~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jIil~1J 88plusmn29 vltl~I1tlltl 8ilnFl1~VlFlllUIi1tm~8nFl1gt 9 ~ W 1 wi0ltlilllJ ~f111tfllJ~Fl1JmlW 458 lfl~ 415 1JtllllfU9l 1l1lJ1IlillJ Ui1iH U1lln~Il I IfI~ 2
lt lti j0
IV V I Illr I II t ~ ~IV M ~ IV I o1i d JJ 2 1l11Htl1 UlllUn frlmn114 m~fi11~lJnm~~J~IJJ~WJUtlWU~ lI1~1mml111 Il ~lU1U lJUll~J1l11m~1lf1lIUil1IJJ~9111nIJllUlI~VII11tl1111t1
1ltV1111111lllJlllmUJ
~ ~
W3WUi UJWUi UltIUI1 fI~l~ ~1l 1l111un fI~l~ 61l l1~~Ii 11ufi3ull ~lU1U llmiluii1 tmllfl 1u~1Ju1J 1~lJLlf1 ~lUll
(l1fl) (lIlJ) (Ji1l) (11fl) (lIlJ) (Jill) ~l1~1i Ii (WtH) (iil) () ~llfl (1u) ll1ii3nl~
iluiil (iil)
90 348 370 170 451 485 1112141 15 10 667 191342 98 10
84 340 370 155 425 460 II 1312141 5 5 1000 201342 97 5
54 292 316 158 428 464 22112141 9 4 444 28342 96 4
40 272 300 160 440 465 II 22112141 7 0 0
42 284 300 160 445 475 X ~
50 300 320 165 446 482 II 2411241 10 2 200 28342 94 2 (J1
70 338 364 132 390 444 X
52 308 328 145 420 463 X
62 316 346 140 392 468 X
54 294 320 202 484 505 II 3012141 18 10 555 21442 93 10
62 320 368 146 422 457 X
86 330 389 162 439 470 II 61142 8 0 0
72 320 361 150 430 450 X
54 301 324 164 450 475 121142 11 7 636 10442 88 7
62plusmn16 31plusmn23 341plusmn29 158plusmn7 433plusmn24 469plusmnJ5 lOAplusmn43 458 943plusmn36
1llJ 8 iil 83 wtH 38ii1 38 iil
c ~ ~
1ij1i1N 2 Jli1iln mllJf1~N Uflm1lJU11m~~ll~lJll~rlmlJI1lJi Jb~nfl1f1U1Ni~~llJ1lJ~Itfl69111f111V1ntlllJ~1IJ1l111mU~lJdl~~Miu1~middotm 1llHlJbJn~1J1miJlJfl
~ ~ Il~IlU~ ttlll1Ull
bull11lH1Jn n~l~ nll Jnnlfl 111~ ~ll 11~H 1u1~U1J ~U1U YlnJilu~1 iJil1JQf1 1UI~U1J jtJn~l ~U1U
(1m) (Ill) (lflJ) (lflJ) (lflJ) ~H1~ l~ (IN) (~1) () ~Ylf1 (1U) 1i~lJ16~
lriU111 (~1)
90 358 380 164 432 469 91214 7 2 286 1813142 99 2
76 326 354 122 390 441 x 73 324 355 160 453 490 13112141 6 4 667 201342 97 4
46 283 300 170 445 475 18112141 11 5 455 2313142 95 5
46 280 308 170 458 497 25112141 10 5 500 2913142 94 5 ~
50 300 320 144 417 445 x 70 328 370 142 44S 475 x 62 314 350 172 440 488 211142 13 6 462 114142 89 6
54 301 330 130 410 453 X
50 296 304 156 446 460 X
67 320 352 164 420 455 911142 6 o o o ~
66 325 366 132 404 442 x 74 320 360 144 434 449 X
66 299 367 130 450 480 X
64plusmn13 313plusmn20 344plusmn26 IS0plusmn17 43lplusmn2i 466plusmn19 S8plusmn29 41S 948plusmn38
11lJ 6111 5314H 22)l 22)1
bull bull
bull bullbull
17
mliWl1llJ1N1j~~W1IJVi 9 iIJ11fllJ 2541 ~lJg~1IJVi 12 lJml1llJ 2542 1j1~1ltn1J
~IJ 1lfl1J11iI lb flIJ ltfllWJ flyj ~H ffll11fllilUj l~flUWiilllJ1flgflfl hlifhJf11jlJ1~11iijllflMru tniSlJlfl
fl111liillWlfllgflflh 1jdlfl IJ~flfl1~VIflmHVi 1 1m 2 IIlJlf)11illltnlflliIlV 529plusmn36 flilJ fl11lJ
fl1HmgJ 4QplusmnO1 l1IJilllJltfll fl11lJtJ11mgu 66plusmnO11l1IJilllJltfl1 1lJll11iflli~V 524plusmn21 flllJ fl1111
fl1l~Ii~V 40plusmnO1 1l1IJ~lJfll ml11Ul1m~1J 67plusmn01 l1IJ~lJltfl1lI1lJ-i1~U lJtjVJflyjl)~IlZiJyjl)~ 1)1f11ft1lI)IJI)~UIllJI)~lI1f11fl1vlIJ1lllltlilJl1~ rll)~~ iJli1mru 24 ~i1l~ IIMll1f11Il1VlJIl~~W1 IflfllIJ ~ timiii~i1rll)IJ ~iUfl11IlfflJvflilflfl1Jllifhlflj liitnl1lJliwliatlfl jiflJ qUl11~1IJh~lgfl
ltlJ jll11 hjlt~~~1fhIJlifl~~~(raquo1gfllI)fJilui11~lJtiI)WflliltJli1~1IVIl)fl iIJ Ilflfl1JVIfllltN~ 1
mjl~h liVlmlTll1IJ 2 UU 1IJ~flfl11V1fl1ll~~ 2 UUIWlUYlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 UU 1IJllflfl11V1flIHI~~ 1 Uti11i1 tiYlfl~TIl1IJ 2uU 1IJ~flfl11V1flntNVi 2 util~huVlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 uti Illl11iflllI)~HI~l (y) Vi)~1f1fl11
1Hjlll~til1IJili~ 2 lflfl11V101ntl~ ~11l1IJ 14 mi 5111 136 vltN il111111fflJI1mlilllJltflHfltlthmXfI
4 ltl 2 i _I dIJl~llJIIW1j (x) 0l1lJfflJfl11fltJ y = L8773x+21682 R = 06008 IIffVil~ lJllJrl 7 unOll1HVI 34
80
60 ~ ~ -~ c 40
r y ~ 1amp113x + 2l682
~i 20 R =06008
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IllH IlmhlIJl(nn)
ltili 7 fl11lJUlJI1m11wiwihmrfl Ii I~ lflIJIllt11ifllUMlJtlfil11ltJ~hHlJfl
ltC lt
I ll
(11m~J 3 U11~1lit~mftUU1~lm~lliwml)0illO1li U)~Ull~uiYil1l1ft)~~J~~w~mmlll~lJ1nlJU~ tllq 1 1U
~ UlJI1tl1j 1li1~1 f1l1ll1
bullbull ~ bullbull ~ bullbull ~ tllWWO O~H em Ul11Ufl O~l~ 1111 IllllUfl fl1H fin
(00) ( lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ)
170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
OJ
164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
IllftfJ 167plusmn15 445plusmn18 476plusmn15 529plusmn36 40plusmn01 66plusmn01 308plusmn32 49+02 53+02
~
eo ~
bull JO
mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
~ UlJWWl i~~l )111911bull
~bull bullbull bull~
Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
iliVJft
48+02
1liVJft
5lplusmnO3
co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
~lU1llilh (y) ~i~mf1fl1j1Nl~IJJ~1iilfli~ 2 l~flWIlIltJ~ tllflUlli91l 14 u1i bull
11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
()
E
20
~ ~ gt ~
i ~
15
10
5
0
y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
~tlll 8 f11111fflJilJlhI1h~hlJ1U 1lil~ ltiull1In1flu1iilJ (WiTiltlftlJl1l1l
jmlhi1flVJfl~lflllii~I~1lJil18 jjUlfllJ 10 lJlIlJlJ 2542 l~lmiddotn 88-99 llJ iI Q A IV ltI Iq
flrulUl1l 268-318 J~flWllmlflff f1111lIJUirlJIfIl1l 802-903 I1JVWlIlJllI (911jl~Il 5)
~ln~1l5 Jml1tliJIIv~IlnJ (Oe) lif111lJnfl 30 lIil~llJ91j 1l1lf1111JiilJirlJill1i() ilJUJYiflill~l ~
I J tV ~ lVitll llml1JlJ
~
(0C) f111lJlfIJ 1JIlllll()
Iifl 268 903
lJfl 282 830
fl Il 305 850 d
1111 306 802
Ill 318 894
llUlI) 296 plusmn20 856 plusmn43
bull bull bull
21
I II Q 4s T r t II I gt1 ~I ltltftill fl1WVIl~lJtJ~ IJUIltYtlHlllVWWVlfllJ1lgiraquo1Hm~tHVIl~HffjVI 3 Ill 4 UlJ1tl1 5-10 1W tJIi~~UI11Jtl tmt1lJOWllTI111 ~f1~hiiWf1~U~1imJ ] mi1IlltliMHhllgtlll ~luwifii~uj
(keel) gt~ll~uU11tf~ iltllim~l~mitlFluulfliim~llHn~uNuIll~lJ mIll~U~nmmiii bull
ll1vihllllltjjlJ~lU1U 3 ItfJU f1lUU1flllHraquoltl~ IllfJU tU11l1l ]ll 1 UfJU Ul1Im1l6l~WllUii laquo4 I I 013 II d II d d QIe l d J 1n14 d ll~1~fl11ll1Uraquo1ltltl flUl IJ tltlUUI1ltllJ1lJ VItHllUl1f1llJ U1HUltmmHU il1tl1tHUl tltlllUU t lJlItflltlgt
t~ml1l(J HlllJl11J-lJlm 08 tlfU9IllJl1Ii
I bull ltII II dl II ltto laquo4 At ltII d ~ fl1111 ill fllJllt Ill fill 1j Il VI1ltlJ I111 Vll M 1 l ttY j lJ 1i111lJ Ul lJ IIU 111 llH II IlLUltl1l
ltV v d ltr d 3R8plusmn32 flilJ fl11lJfl11lm1l6tUltlIJ 49plusmnO2 llUl1ItlJIl Ull1J11lJIJ11mI1lltUlllJ 53plusmnO2
bull tI bull
1IfW~tlJi1Ij 1i1WI1VitnJl~1(J61H1i littYllJ1i111iiugiiIJU 11llllMtlflIIInJ 281plusmn26 fl~lJ f111lJfl ~H d lo cl ltV
milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
Itlv191W~hl 2 1gt1fl1HlltlltH 1i1WU1Htlfllfll~h (y) ~lU1W 60 ii iUU111tlflIJtHluJ~h (x) iiflllJ
~ ~ ~ 2 i oJlllJflUfiIgt1ltYlJflli y= L5452x+40918 R = 05058 ttY U~lJ1l9
40
35
30 TI S 25 rsect c 20 j 15
F 10
5
0
0
rbull y~ LS4S2+40918
R~ OSOSS 6
255 15 201deg - m ~ U1~lifitU 11 (nn)
22
_I 11 1 Iflln1J1UHu1~fl11U0~lm1l11J11IUlu~
- r QJ r
1l [)tll6~61flU1l~m~IVlim~illl bull bull Sf
ntlVi6gmffl1II11l1U~tl1l~01ffJil~lJ1mlllhfd6UlhfUUhhl1l~hiT~Il1l6~lI~S VllJ
1J~1ruthtllti~IJ6~lhflll6~Viihiliif)i1f)Wru~U11tl ihmmJflJlJ lftl ~UlJiii6 illfl t1113 l1lJlIlI~ f bulllfl~flH )j61J61ffl6~ltlU1llllJYltI~6~U lUlId1UU11m~lJflIJtllJ1111Vl~lJtlrll1h 1161JntJ~mlll ~Vi
~I d ~ I ok d de x l q IIGI
lIlllJIJ1 Im~f)tl1JlI1IJln~mf) IJ~ 11ilfJ l 1mllUl~mfnJtl 1 lJtllJ1lJtlVltJ~tlIilVl11l11llll~milfI~
1IgtIgtllIlI1tlqt1f1lll11~ lilll1Jtl1uVl1J11lmtlmlltnil~u lJ1~U 11 fl6~fl~il~timhwf)~ltltIlJ flf1~16fllt1f)WtUII6~)j1~ (2543) i1V~ltlhIll1ml9itldlfll1ltl1II1Vi61fffJ6yitlU1niillJ Umli~VllJhv
tl1~1lJ1ltlutiuliim~llllitlutlftUillffVilrJltlll1~fl ImNutaphand (1979) 11l~ltjhlllll11fJ 9i tl1l fl11 tltfll1Vi111l1fll flqtyWtl i fllfll1J1nru111fUuihu1l11ti~1lll6~U1iTflVi~fllt1f)W ru~1 flll1J
nh1lfl
mUVljmlfJIJ6~(lhll1l~lu1Jgtlltli~111gt1t1~lI Vl1JlUvn~ f1l16~lIJ ltllI~~ lit6~ ~ 1flflll6~ ll~ ~ djltlflll6~YiiiIJtl1ll 11t)) ii~tlU1j) lflij~111llgtl1~lIl1~i~111~WV1~tll~iimlllll11lJ1flflh
A d lt) a a lt) ~ I A 5ff 0 d 1lll6~6t1 1 VllJUVl1llllllJlIlI~ ll11JJlf1lItVl~m~llllJlIu1fltll tl6~1l1m1JtIllllJlIYI6~llflllm tI6fl
f1~6~fllJ11 IlU (2533) i 1l~1tlhtl Il ~1JtlVlU1II1l11l~ tll1JflVllJltVl1m iI1lllIflJ1l1tllJ11101IllflUl
_I ~I J I I d d d d I
f1M~Jl~~ lI~lJlf)tllf1l16~1Jlf)1Jl11 CJHl1JtJtIlIJ1l6lll6~f1l1lNlI~ illI~ l tlllll IVlJ~llfll1CJr~1l6~
bull q ~ t q gt ~ q ~ 1 =~ ~ltl1t1t1llVlJ1fl IUlliilJII1ll I1l~llltl1 Itlllll~lI~ 1fl~~qtyVltl1j Itliltl1fllll IIl1 IVl iiltl1llllU
y
(2525) ~d1nilWtl~1II1U1~ltlflll6~lI~~ 6Jl~ il tI~lI tl11Jl~mlmllJWtl~llli1lllU~tll1J~ 1~Ilftl
fltI f11i ~11II1llUlii11 tia 6 d~f1 Jl )~ Jl ~ 6l ~lii6~1J 1~1fl lJ I 101filla~ lI ~~~I1JUl11 ci~ 61flVIJ 6~ 11111 VI j1
)jij~ih lWtJ~I tlVluiiUtlOafl14YU lBffll11J iUlJ11tlfllit6IillIlilUfltl 611 1m1~lrii6 dtifl1l6~lI~
~lIll1I lf~1nm1lJ~61111111ilUtfll1~n61~iiU~~i1Jl1ll111lV~tll1l 1~1Il(t1ci6lm~~flll6~1l~Ih I riiilllJiiu~l1JIlfUflU
~ ~ J2 llflllruYIWlfllVIU1
~flllru~l111 bull
~1f) f111 VI fl 1l 6~VllJ1111i llll uliitll1l~ l1ltllIll1lh~fl fl1 ~ 6~ II~~ (terrapin)
IItl1llltltj) lt1f)llrul~lnlt)1111Nl~6fltl~lm~11l 11111Ulijl~lJ~ltl1tl 5 ~lJ ff1UlJ111lt1~ii 4 y
~lJ IVlflliifJIlJlJtJ1fl illqiViqflii1i111Ufl 202 fill1fl1lJ fI11lJfl~1~mflN 484 CJrtl~lJm m111U11
bull bull
bull bull
23
~llll1lltl~(Jl~hlllJflmHlJIJ(Jliiu1 ihrfllJmIhhJtiltJ lJlhtltlfl 17 il1tlflilJ fl11lJJl1mIlB~~6~ 58
lIlligtilJ~1 fl11lJm1m~B~mj~ 60 lIll~llJm fl1~1I6~l1a~lJilnlibull fl11lJll~fl~H1Vlfl
mllJl~fl~l~~ 11h~lllfl~ lmJ~lldJlI 9l11~lJ1JlllfllJliiUIl1111l1flhllff~ mi~ ~ ~ ~ P I~middot ~ middot1 1fl~~llltltI1ll1fl11llflrjn flll m1 fltllJfl111l1lJ I U m1I6~11n~mmll lJtlllllJnfl] IJUUNU m IlIH
~ P _f d ~ 131 ltjI d P 1 l I II 4
U (J UlJ lfl m lltH Ill U 1l6~jjfl ~ lJ UNll Vl6~l U66fllJlU 1~ll6fllI flU 61lliN 11 mIlB~UYIn W-IU IlJ lJmll y
lJfl Ulffnlltf1Ul1 1lJlhhnn tJlmmjlJU1lIJtJlfllJffll1ii6~61lU iJff1l 1li~11JlliUIllff~ tf1jJ111~I~fl (Vlt$ltu j1 4 1$1
jjUfl11llfl~ Yl11lJ1lIllfllmII(J~mNlJlIflIJ1l1ll1ll 3 llflIJ ~flltl1~ 1 UOIJ lY1UUl~mII1l~Ul~tl ~ 1 n -l1 lflIJ ltllU1lIJm1i16~lJllflIJltllJllU1 fl~U1l~mliljH 1il1l16IJ lJUUllillllflfl111VlflllW lllJflll1l1
lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
mIl(J~l1n~iiltl1lJrmilllthU111~~IWlJl1fl111l1flliitJ 1lJnh~1I1iwli6~rUthlJflUlfljJ111~lJlflflh bull
lllflllJfJ
11 tiII~flUthtlfl~lUlt1jlJ lt111~16flaflll mUltJ ~l1~ (2543) mi1111111~lJe~ lYi1lllfl~ 11 lvi111 lI11JUiJfllJ
IJUllilfJTlflil ii1flUI11~il1tYfl111lnillYI111e~i U 91111l1ti ~tleU1tJ m~111~lJ lflfl111YillllflliJlJ li~il~
lYlBlt1fl1fliUfl11NlYlJliili mllJfflJIiU11iHfl11lJfr)11mIIBltlUnlll11UflIJltJ~vl61iUi CW =
VI(J ~fffl1lJ I HUVIB~l[JIJllYlJ6flU il tl Bli1li~lH U fl1 fl6~lJtllJUIJ flllHU fl1 flltJ~rllll1 U
bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
IiUi cw = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 Utlfl11lJfflJlitJ1111lt1fl11lJ[Jl1m1i16~ltllill1t1fl
~ ~ VIq~fl1j lJmHlfflJI1tJ1j
YiltllfJ~U~~flfflJlitJiflU~~mm1Ultl~mmfiU j~I11HliieUlmfllJii~~Utieu
itJ11fllJ NfflJliuititJUJ1~jiiIJJliifl 300 lllU~lJ~j lYilI1fl~jUl~~ 4 -1i1~lmm~fHI1iltI IJ ll~1111llflljj fJ I~hnllJ~U~ IillllU lli1~ iJiifflJtlltJ U lt1I1lt1)e 11)11li fI fflJlitJiflU111fliilff IJ~ j IJfl1U 11 tl~ ~lflfllt1lJIiU(1111llflljjfJlI~IJJlI461~mfJ1UI~eNlYlJ flU1Ii Ulil11~1~fIJ fl1~NtlJliuin~I~IJJl 14e1~l1ti1~hiNfflJIiUifllJlYi1Vlfl~ fl lilIi1fllllUlIil~U1tJBdIJllUfll~m16~ titJ tilVlvleliUiHlt1lJ
J1Vfl tB~fltiltJ~fllJfiffiJJltlflm (2529) fl~11h11NtlJIiUiflU~1I1Hlii6UflUlJ1fJuii~KtJl~ltJU
bullbull bull
bull bull
24
VId1ulUfhj~tJ1Fl1f1fitJui11t1hmll~~JlJl11J ~1ullinlll 2100 - 0400 U1Wf11 Mti~~lmfutlljlllil1 flmUll~lh1I ~1U1111iii~~ulli 5-18 VItJ1 ~lflf11~VIllllfl11iiJulljVluiIIli11nJ9iUlnll~1tJtJ1M11ltfl
f111V1fllfl1~ 1 il-iJ91gt1f1111HIi 571111tl11oilU~ UIIdjjli~lU1U 83 WN ilfl1Ilillltl1~ 2 iiall~l fll1mW 429 11ltl11oiluli lll~ii~lU111Ii 53 VItl~ U1JlilijjjJlm1fl 470-588 flill fl11lJfl~H 38shy
42 llfU~lJ91 fl111Wl1 65-68 lfU~llJfll
l1fl1lWUtl1 Ii
fl1lW~ lilllilll1lJ91UI1lil1l1111IhtiuIllll flllVItH ffUl1fltlltJIinlll1lfttlf1 Ii ~1UU 111
~ d~ j dy UUfl1911ll1IJlllllJllllflf111 II1l1f)1 ~ fJ11J1I1fl1ltJJ
69111flU1lBtYUii1IllflllVlfl
Iillilll1tJ9iunilVlmnU~1~nll1 88-99111 ~tjwMSJil268-318 HfIlllfllllli1l1j IIll
11 Jj ~ _ ~ 1 ~ f 7 fl11lJlIU lt1 lJj VI I 802-903 1JtllllfUIII UlllllV1 ~lflUlJjU1jll1llJ1~nltllM1lflflllV1fllltlUl 1 1Ill
lflflllV1fllltl1~ 2 iiall11flllVlmlJulll 458 1Ill~ 415 l1Ifllollu1 1II1lJlh~lJ tUflflWllfllltl1~ 1 mj
I1li11llYlfl~1111U 2 all illflflllV1lllfl1~ 2 Illl9hiJJVlfl~lU1U 1 ull tl1~Iatl~~lflflllhililJli11fl 1fllJiJ1Iilfl11111ilm111hh~fllJ1$iilJfl11mVIlJm~ltlflu Jm~liiU1J1i1111lIl1flllliitJ 308plusmn32
flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
VIilllfl~ lliI~11tJ1MllVi1HllflllllVluilllilll11J~Ulnilli~ 2 WI iliiifllllitl6111llflllVlmnllIll1I1liVllli
WllllltJ~ 111l1l viii1J~~1IJfl lM11141flYlllfiflJt1I1lJIl ~~jj11ll1illJ6~lfl11 iiallll1 fl11 Vl fll1]lJ ~11fltllfltJ1
Qt teldQ
fllJtl1M 11 VIlJ 111l1lJllfl l~fl11
fl11V1fllltJ1fffl1l1flll lJN11ll1ilu illiafll 1 11 ~ ulJ fl~11li11l1119iU l1lfl j1Jli1fl 1M 11~1IIllflullVlui bull
IlliltlllJfilllilfl1 2 lflf11~Illll~1 itliillllllifla91l1f111111 i uUll69111fll7Vlfl
1 rmfffl1l1fl-J~ihilu f1111jlVlU 1i~ii ~IlH1J1J7lnlJ 111m ullilVlfllu UtlflU fl11iif1Ufffllol1 ~ _ i 1middotmiddot 4 -l ~ ~ JiIf111U1U 1Jnfl Ufl1lllJ~flU L~U flll~1 nlJ M1mmfl~nfl UVIifllJ1Hlm1JiJlJ~WMlJlJllmllJ~Il
11
25
~ p ~ ~ ~ ~ bullbull ~ ~ ~ 111111111 U mtl~ulfJll 2539 fltlll1Jltlfl1lmfl~Un6pflll IlU ~1nVllnlltHu Vll 1VlV fl1N1Iljl flll
I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
rIUU lyj~I ljtJIli1t1 lIl1UVll nlllti Ilfl1lflW1Ul11 Itti nl1iJ Itfl~ti~U 2529 flllffml1lifv~ jIJ ~ I ~I
1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
lily ~ tI 4 It ltvIt t1IJlI lt111lJlJTUlII1 un 1lm vgWUIJ1t1 2525 l4tim1dl11IJUtiffVlJrl111l4UljlfllU1IJfI U
flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
1L1ilU ljfloWU( 2533 vhM111f1~ ~Tillt1~Ui1f1ifvl1Jll1iJflllitl~rl1U~11J1JlflUVllnfl ffl1llUIJ
i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
d tI~ ltI ~ 11gt ~ 1i(1lJti rllllt11~f VUUIlI rJllmiddotHlI~f 1i(Iln lllJUJllI1lI un mlln JfllJflW1U1Vl 2533 fllll1fllll
I
fl111J li1u1 U 1 ~1J flll1fi11ll1iiu61~Vlri1Jfl111J1lIflllfll 11lvhun61ll111ltlfl IIfl~1fl~lmm1J
11U~11Jfllff1J1JU11Jjlfl11Ugt~ltl2533 m1JU11H mYl 739-745~ hUfl~lUlrI~1Jflfl~flfllimjrullv~lfl~ 2543 lhiuumVlI1VlU dlUflllUtI~1Jfffl~IVmiflpoundjrullltl~ =OIV 4 d $1
lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
~ bull ~ q 1Iffl1UU tn1J1Vl1l~ 1Iti fll1il 1ilfj1JllI 2537 flIJIJ1I1UflII111tiIIIl1mlllIJ tU1JlVlf Vl(J 1Urll
~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
iI 11111ltJill Illfi
Painted Batagur Terrapin J A
jftlll1JllIlllllli Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844)
j
ABSTRACT
fi11l1 wI1l1l1~1I~fl
_I ltI =do l1Jmmll11liIl1llUf11~
N1lf11~flmn
~ 1I~lJUll1ilTjmNI1
~el1liWUU
1
3
4
5
5
9
22
24
25
ii
IIl1UUY9l11H
d IllljHI1
2
3
bull1hmrfl 1I111lfl1H mlmllJlll1mlra~Uij~vlijlluiIJi ll1~l1mfllnl~1IiiilIJ1IJIll
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BREEDING OF PAINTED BATAGUR TERRAPIN
Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844)
Wonnat Hirunchulha Chaiyaphum Inland Fisheries Station Chaturat Chaiyaphum Province 36130
Chaiwat Ratanadadas Phattalung Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center Muang Phattalung
Province 93000 Sovakhon Roungrung
Chortip Jaroonsak Satun Inland Fisheries Station La-ngu Satun Province 91110
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study was done to evaluate effect of vitamin E on breeding on Painted Batagur Terrapin Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844) Experiment was conducted in two 20x30 m ponds at Satun Inland Fisheries station From August 1998 to September 1999 Broodstocks were stocked (14 pairspond) and fed with minced trash fish Amblygaster clupeoides mixed with Ipomea aquatica (1 1 by weight) at 2 of body weight daily Vitamin E at the rate of 200 mg per kilogram of food was supplemented to the animals for one pond while the other was not
Results revealed that wild broodstocks collected around the mouth of La-ngu canal La-ngu Satun Province female turtle was normally bigger than male Mating season started from October to early December Egg laying was at night from December to January Eight female spawned for vitamin E-fed group while only 6 female spawned in control group Average agg numbers were 88plusmn29 and 104plusmn 43 eggsfemale and size of 524plusmn21 and 529plusmn36 gm in weight 40plusmn01 and 40plusmn01 cm in width and 67plusmn01 and 66101 cm in length respectively Hatching time was 88-99 days at 268-318 degc of sand temperature Young cub had average weight of 281126 and 308plusmn32 gm with 415 and 458 hatching rate respectively Both survival rate were 100 No significant differences between adding and non adding vitamin E on feed
8
Key words Painted Batagur Terrapin Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844) breeding
4
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11~601-Hi litlliliil flllllJ jjn lJln igt1lII)111 2(111lJiJlIll~tnllJlIUillJ~Y11Ill 1l11 fllHll 1I 1l~ n1lUii~ ii111UgtI
~m~lYlfl61lml1fllIiHmm~JJ~IIU1lt11flfl~1~ 8 ih irill1Phi11lJfWfllwtJl-Ht11flflll~1l~ltflJ1lftIJ f Jti1 ltVd A 1 ~ wI wdVlmIUlVW l1flVllI11111111~lJ1IJUY1m~VI1ll1iilfl II llJ-)gflVllilm1JUVlll~nm1lJlJ1lJl1~IIU1Vi
11I~1h11lrfllU111h i1l1l~IJ1111utitlfl-)UfliVlfllllJIIU1 rKuphuuuifflllH 2 IlJm 1igt1111htl~ 5
llfUigt1llJW~ lIluti1ll1lU~l-H~I~tJl-Hllmllil~UlJl~fl fl~ 1~rrl~1l6fliJIljq~ i jltl~IJi11(1 ri11 ~6~ Illi~llflQ~ IitI1~~1Ji4inlll11~lllJl(l 5-7 11 ii~ 1r1l1111llgtrf1J~llWh~1I1Ill1~~IUtJ1illJftll~fl~~ 11
)wn 11 lutlilJlw~lJlflnuVlt1
-0 jI
bull L3 fl1~llfl~1~Illl6f bull
Il16W~ltnl1Jil1J~Ijmh~mllJfl~1~mIl1l~ ml1Jm1m1l~Ull~Illl1UflJtl~ Y JI JI JI
9hIlIli1l I iI~1Ji1~ml1JillJ~Uj~wh~ Ii111 tlfl jj li1t1UflllfllrhlIllll111UfllllMui i ifilfl111
1IIJ simple linear regression lVio1thllfl~lJthl~llll systat version 50 allnfl1n1~j tiwnilfl
6V1lWO~ ImtllJI-viVIJl~oH T-test
9
Illlfl1jflillll
bull bull yen
fmffmlli1IJ-na~tl1~(1 V1Ul~lfll(l~huiJ~alff(lfJYUlfl~a(lllnwtl1flfllla~a~ um
JJ ~ I1l1~1i11h~~lfltl1flih hhf1IJ 1 0 f11nllJli1~If~ 1~1lJfJVIllVla~lflUlJIJ -Il~ V1lllJ1IlWrlJlJhi~lla~ih
bull fJ) II t
~ltla~-nilUliimiflgtlWUl1IJ Ul11i~-nihl1111SltfllflJlJ1I1W lJlJlii1a ~lfl ihtj GYlJlla lmfll~ tllffU tI ~ J II vl
a dllllJVi IJ VIfJ~U1UiI j lIU111-1 cl ~jflUll1J1m lIi ~ll II ihll1 ~IIlJI1l1lfUli1il111lYl1l1m II GYU lUll yen bull
lJ111l11J JIIJ ~hiiI1lJU1lili1
fllSllwim~luUa~~hillll~llll1i1 lli~1111i1GYIlIlVllJl~II1~ fIilfH1l~ tJIl~ dillih Y sJ bull
fIilfJ~UlllllimliilJlllul~lfli~1111i11l1~lmimiddotm1Ii1liVI1l~ j1m1lJl~I1~iillhll1ll ISPi1 V1lJ-nrilll1l bull
1l~lIllihlJaihlll~ ~1ll1ll II ~ UIlvi1lJlllhflUl tJ11f)fJll~ ~lll1ll 4 Pi1 1iJUIVlff~~lll1ll 7 Pi1
lllffliltJ~1U1IJ 8 ~ 1l1l~illlgl~lJ~lUU 41 Pi iJUV1ff~~lll1IJ 21 ii1 IVifftiluhIJ1IJ 20 ii1 al~ bull 1h1J1W 15-30 11 j~lflllnm~lIllUmjIJmli1tJ~
~ ~
12 IlflgtlWV1WI111V101
121 l5flgtlwihl tI
IlIili11tJ~iJlil1i111U9hJliIi1UUlfl l1i1l ~V1llllIJ1111i11~lJililJmrfl 202
~1 QiI 91 ~Ililfl amlJ mllJfl11IflSlla~ 484 1IfUllllJflS fl11lJJ11mli1a~ 505 IfUfll1JfI mli1a~I-lIl~llJ ll 1J
iiflgtlW1l10Vl1lJ011ll fJ~ lhii 3 wn lJ111W flal1l1li ~iJUiJ~llallm~ ll~1i11lJlIU1~hii1 ltii~ilUI~jf1i1 q ~ ~I x 1 l lUlI11VtJtJU1I1l 1114 m 1l llJllJlllJtl1~lJ1flUU m li1ll4nUllU GYYI1 mli1a4fllUVIll Iffll11f1S lJ iJ~llV
1 = 1 ~ 1 =yenlJ lflllll j lJ ll tJlllJ 1 flff mll a lJ UIl flll W IlJ Uti I-IUfllJ flIl1UU Il a 0 GY 1U IIfJI iJ fl j (IlllJm1l1i1i1 UU
dy OJd ltd1 Q ~ I Ylt$dll IllflUaVllllIJfllf1Hfl1lHffIi11t1fJmall1i111J1~GYU11tlfl 1 tlli11J1lJU ~1i11Ul~la ll111U llJlIlm lU1U 5
Igll Ul11n4iJl~1J~1U1U 4 ~ll illl11111lilala~1111~if~afiUtln1(Ji1~~ 4~1Jflmiddotht~11l1VfillliJ1i1 l5flllwmli1a~ ilmIi1M11l54 (shield) 37 UNU tI~flall~0mta~fla1~~ (neural shield) 5
IINll mli1al~lIJl1n~ (costal shield) oi1~1l 4 IINll mmmSllIJMlil (marginal shield) ffl~tl
II Nll m~s~mila1lUl1N (supracaudal shield) ffHIlt I IINll mli1tHrl1U~fili1fill1i1 (nuchal
shield) iJlllllillgfl mli1a~~lUllUl1lljll~fl 1 (keel) ifmiia~tlaUllllali1ull1flIlHII1 rl1UmilS~
~luVla~ (plastron) lhflall~vmiI6~rlU~filln1Jtla (gular shield) ilUU1ilI~fl 2 IINU mils~ ll1nwUll1Ul (humeral shield) 2 IlNIJ mils~ri1IJ~fili1nllll111Ul (inguinal shield) 2 mlU
mli1a~ri1Uafl (pectoral shield) 2 lINll mila4ri1uVla~ (abdominal shield) 2 UNU mila~lll
bull bull
c
(keel shield)
m~~fl~i1Ul1~
(costal shield)
(neural shield)
mltllmmJBlflU111~
(supracaudal shield)
10
I1ill] (axillary shield) 2 lUlu m~IINl]~1t11iJl11li~ (femeral shield) 2 miu m~IMihuiIJ
(anal shield) 2 Uf1U 1I1fI~lWpJ~ 2
ltl~ 2 5fl1JtII~~tlll~lHWm~Il~hIJl11i1uNum~1l1ff1Ufill~la~5fl1JtII~lfi1iJ1l1~htlltl iWI~1
122 R111l91fl~11II1I
R11111191 fl~11mh~ IIlll~II lt1 ~1Ilf1nmll1lt11 VIii IJ 1l91 Ill] h 1111 l~lJ1tJ I Illl~n
IJWll Igflfl11ll1In tJI15~n5fljjtllSft~11J2tl1lill11WIiIl IJfl11 IIl1l10J ) Idflll11 alJ fl1l Illlln tJ 1Il1l~~ Ild1W1Jil~t)JViWiilllfllJff1WI151m1I1l1~1W1U 3 Ill] ~Hfllt111 I 1IflIJ tY1W-iHm91IHltlil1lt1 1
UflIJ Ua~lJIlIJm~1l1illlmJ9I1lJlIW11A1IJ1l1m~1l11I1mllIJaflSlJlrlJI1tJJmJafh flllJ11fli1I1l1l
I IV (4 wlOI t ltV 44 IV I d ~ )8IlJ ~ IJ 1 tl N1flIll W1jlJW tW~1tJ tl1WI11lJ1flflJlJlI011 lt1fllltll UUnlJm1 lfflIJ1Utlfltl Il tI tllm fl lt11 IflO1
vi-i~Iilti thlll1nfls11 I11~6U tI11flhllllllilv tI~i11I111~1l11imheJfil] Ifltll111mflfl11IlIliltJ
bull UHtlnl11t1IWflIHtIm~1J1-i iJIJ ff1t1Illlln ~mO1Il1Mlti1fhl114hlifllWfltl1l1nl11t1 lli~ i1iiihh
$I S4 I _~ ~ dV I I Iq 1lt5 bull ~1Cl I11l1-r 11 lJ IIHU ll1l1U IlllflmIJ NU Ilflllt1fltlIltJ m fI 1l1191ClIIHIJ tlJlJl11f1l11t1UtlflIlHtI mftll1
~ihlItlI1jjlltlhlJtlmh~tnfiti IlllliltJ~)j1~iiIJtllA 111qJfl11tllll~ mi~ lA11l1flfli1 ~flihu
IIIltYtlfl11 iiiYJ111~~1U1tltllIlG ff1UI111gmfti ~tJt1mwh~l~jlJti1lJfi1J IflUI11~IilltJflill1lff
~ tlft~1t11tl~ 3 Itll 4
(nuchal shield) (gular shield)
mIIt)~U1I11I11IJ111111
(hurneralshield)
(in~inalshield)
(pectoral shield)
(axillary shield)
m~fl~lhufia~ (abdominal shield)
n~~elU1tuUltt6~
(remeral shield)
m~IINri1u~u (anal shield)
11
IHlil ~ III1~ v
ltl1i 4 iTn~~UlliltlIII1il~Ill~ilJW1lu~mYU III1~IINiiJW1iltllmlioll
12
123 fl11lJnlJWjn1Wi1~fl11lJfr)1~mfIHUtlI1111rfl f111lJVl1mflU~IUI1111rfl
lhtl1JillJL1l~lmlllfl~ihfl11rf111rmil~V 63plusmn14 fntlflflJ mllJfl1l~mOlU~ l11~tJ 312plusmn211lfUilll1fl~ fl1111Vl1fll~J~il~V 343plusmn261lfU~lJfl1 f111mYlJl~Un111h~fI11lJfl11~ m~U~UtlI11lfrflUtl~IltlilJi CW = 14226W+2216 R2 = 07295 l1lf11111fflJiun~wh~
fI11lJll1mf1~NUllUl11rflU1l~Iluiui CL = 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 lfffl~1lJ~tlVl 5
CL= 16962W 23474
R ~ 06247
60
50
40
30
~ 20 CW = 14226W 2216iij
RZ = 0729510
o
0 5 10 15 20 llnninlltnI i(nn
IILWmJJviiUl11rflmnV 154plusmn17 1111lflflJ f111lJfl11~mOlU~illlJ 432plusmn22
lIIUilLlJfl~ fI11lJV11mf1U~III~V 467plusmn17 IIU~lJfl~ tl11lJnlJiu1i~11h~fI11lJfl1NmOltHUll h1rflUNlli~ui CW = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 1I11mllJfflJiut1111h~f111lJVl1
w w 2 q _-ltmOllNUllUl11UflUNlllJIIUlj CL = 07377W+35368 R = 05489 lffOl~ Ullll16
ON 07377x +3536860
R~ 05489
- 50 ~8 ~ 40 ~
~
30 ~
05974 c 20 ~ 10
0
250 5 10 15 20
13
Vlqiim11J f) 11 Nifllfil-liU1lf) 1 n1~ Ii
I AS ~ d ltV j-v a I~ 11l1et~I-I nm Il I~~
d ll1tJ NifllVll-l Ij f)I-I Il~ f) 11H11-1U1l ~ f) 1114111-1 j If114IHJUIImfllJ
d fH
ijI-Iiii61-1nl-l11f1ll1~tJNiflJfiWifiu1uU1limiddotmllJU1i1f) 30-40 l1WiilllW lY1IVli~11tJ11n1-6lJ lt] 1i1 -= _I I 0 q I l ltV J 0 aI I IVli1llJIJHcrlUl1lJlf)VlWI-I 11fflVlillltJ lJNfl1461lf1 1l111111lJf) 1~64IJH1I1~1U1lmII64if11-1 f)UlJ6~ a~1 $ ~ li i w1
l~lVlIflJlJ ll1111lJlJll 30 U11lil4IJI-IfI6lJIVlIflJlI lIIJlIH 4 IINfllf)jilIHtI1I~IJHIII1VlIfIJJII
HlIlHy1 2 ltilmllJ~lJalJ f)j11 a4~l1-1r11l164IVllfliiIJUt11~I6f)IIlJ1ntll1hm16IJ64~mw ff11-1111i iii ~ bull
lilIJ611iJ 4 i 1-1 U 1 Hlti4 ~ 1mlIUllIf~ifV gt111 1l 11JH NIy 1 MH NIVllflilmYi JifJ~611J1ltilNiflJW inULVli
MA ltv d f t 11 ltQ
IlJlJ IlJJ if61lJ11J1lI1ifl-ll1INIllVlIflJJJ~1I1lJ1tl1 5middot10 W1Yl ~lf)I-I WVl1lVll-lllL1lUlJVlUIj If 1-1
tI lti4lti11f 1flW 1M~J111 VliV4i16~iiillnl-l J1111 lJltl1 5 mli4UIJt11l6t1i)1 t1nU61tl1i1~ii timltll111 W vi1lltlJ1l4111l II 1111-11I1l1JUNf) ~14 fit 1 tJ~iilllcenthIi1mh4lI64J1Jil~4~ t1 lt] Jggt1H
bull JJ
t1m4 2 ~4 VllJ11i1Ul~1l iflll1~1-1 IIf1lJJf)lJl il1f)ff11-11JIf ti~ilt1NfflJI-lifil-llff~ il )rtJ1Vli9i1~H ljgt1
66t1 ~lfla1111 IVl If~uiJ IJ fft1 fIi4If gt1lhjh I1I6yi1-1 li64IJ1l41hl-lt1 NIH iJ6W~lJ lI W 111IJJ 461tJ1tf1f
JI w dr dIJ11111lJltll 5-8 ll1UIlUlJm t11NlhlJ1tl1 8-10 ll1UllllJ~1 t11141)1f)NiflJIIW~1gt11111j1llJtIiJlf)lJI-I1 ~ ~ w d ~w w ltI d J w ltlw
llfU nmet I-IIVl6Nilllt1lJ IIJ UllIAll 11l1lJfll1NiflJVll-lljU1lt1lJU11l1lIJUr11iJ IlJNiflJIil-lljf1tMllllii
iQ J w ~ w ltI aK 1 bull 9 ~ ~~6f) If 1t1ill1t11 IfIjV4illtHfl1~NfflJVlUlj1lmllJt~1 ~f11ll1-11UlJU blJ6~lJW111ftVlnJVl1 ~ t1 111 1111 IlJ
ff1lJ11(lNfflJU~fltUutifi11 yj1lui~U4H1Ltiuihhlll-l~V4hll~flJfl11NiflJuili41lNfflJ lui1l111
a III I~I i1 4t OJ dl fit ai~1 I 1 ti d
H lti4 ~ 1fl1ltili 1 I IiflJt111IlUlJuill~ lJltll 1 1~1)lj Utili 11~lJ~UlJ1dn 1~11lilll11J 11flH 111H114114 I lIu 1 lJltll gt11-1 1gt16 W litl11f1lJ fl4ll m 1 rllJ1JI-I l14Yl H tI H Ijll illf) IlJ 1ft 111lllJfl1111 Yl 1J
111111t11 gt1 Vlnetui1i114 I Ii mit~11lfI llltljtllJl11~1 lilJUH 1ft Yl11t11U~UVi lllfl1iR1luolNWI-IU1l
v bullbull bull
1~lJlJff4lJ t~II9imn 2100 bull 0400 1-1 li1~IlIUq~I1i~1114 Iili14IilU4IViJ4IliU 1~lii1ltl1l1tJql11~Ii 1U11il11411il1n4iitl4flW lii6111hi1ii6f)~~114Ili1~UtJ1-11IJ111 n411~ 2 ~-NI~~tIIltJillfl111~lU
t1lti4 iimjtllfffiJ1~f)1llJl1N~1t1lh9i1111lJ11ll 3-5 LlJill m1lliit11l6~HllJlIlJlll 3060 1l11-~llJm ~ ~ ~J l ~ 1 I 1 ~r111llt1JN 20-40 lfU~llJVl1 Illllilllt1WifUIIU1l41fllllCl114lI fttJJt1tltlIJUlllflU6t1U1l1u1lWIl
II
6l t1lJl IJ IllvhN 11i I~11)iiUU1Iii U f166 t1ll lHri61~ IHIYi1llhfJH ril iiUinrIiill f1 lJl tlIfitI 11 llJ
w ~ ~_ ~~I i w1lf)lJtlII~lJ~UUrllJ1lIDIJ~ Ii6ill6~fl1 11IUUIIllt1lJtltlll1t)lJ ~1 ~4mlJl UfI11i1f1lIUil1
lJfi~tl Illi 1 litfi1H1Ii lif~ iJUU-iliJ1~lJmli4~tlYl11J1I~f11llJ1I1t111llJJum T4iJfl II~mJflU 1-Nmt iI bull
Ufl muIf)1I1t111ljll 1tl~1JIlUiJfttl1t11flll J1fltiWUtili1iJI~rl1lJ111111 lt] tlt1f1f~1~Uin~ihfl~6t1 II JI
fl1~t1 lJ 1 H Ii l1il~ J 1fltiuUUlh~fl1I1U 1l ~Ul 111 Illt1N1lt1l1 VI ill1lfi4VllJ11UUI~h1141lin4iYU
~11l1t1 14 gt11
bull bull bull
14
I lt14 d ltaJ jI d ff1UlyenllUJ1JllUTWUfl1HW 158plusmn17 f11nmll ml11f111~f11~ilfJ~tmW 433plusmn2A 1lfUillllil~ Wl111Vl1
m~ilfJ~m~J 469plusmn15 llfU~tuil~ UlivtUlj1Ht 8 ijlFl 14 tilInFlTm~tli 571 lltlfo1u~ ii
~Ii~1U1U 83 vlfJ~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jm~U lOAplusmn43 vlfJ~I1llnJlfil~tltl1111illijUti lyenlff~ihilWiJfl~~J
lIUiiilJl lllffiilJlhhl1ilFl~liu 15Ot17 filnflill ml11f1~mmiltl~mli1J 431plusmn21 lf1J~llJil~
mllJm1m~ilfJ~m~1J 466plusmn19 IfUlIllJII1 llliwUim11i 6 ) IllFl 14 11 tiil~1f11111~H 429
lltlflltUli mli~1U1U 53 vltl~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jIil~1J 88plusmn29 vltl~I1tlltl 8ilnFl1~VlFlllUIi1tm~8nFl1gt 9 ~ W 1 wi0ltlilllJ ~f111tfllJ~Fl1JmlW 458 lfl~ 415 1JtllllfU9l 1l1lJ1IlillJ Ui1iH U1lln~Il I IfI~ 2
lt lti j0
IV V I Illr I II t ~ ~IV M ~ IV I o1i d JJ 2 1l11Htl1 UlllUn frlmn114 m~fi11~lJnm~~J~IJJ~WJUtlWU~ lI1~1mml111 Il ~lU1U lJUll~J1l11m~1lf1lIUil1IJJ~9111nIJllUlI~VII11tl1111t1
1ltV1111111lllJlllmUJ
~ ~
W3WUi UJWUi UltIUI1 fI~l~ ~1l 1l111un fI~l~ 61l l1~~Ii 11ufi3ull ~lU1U llmiluii1 tmllfl 1u~1Ju1J 1~lJLlf1 ~lUll
(l1fl) (lIlJ) (Ji1l) (11fl) (lIlJ) (Jill) ~l1~1i Ii (WtH) (iil) () ~llfl (1u) ll1ii3nl~
iluiil (iil)
90 348 370 170 451 485 1112141 15 10 667 191342 98 10
84 340 370 155 425 460 II 1312141 5 5 1000 201342 97 5
54 292 316 158 428 464 22112141 9 4 444 28342 96 4
40 272 300 160 440 465 II 22112141 7 0 0
42 284 300 160 445 475 X ~
50 300 320 165 446 482 II 2411241 10 2 200 28342 94 2 (J1
70 338 364 132 390 444 X
52 308 328 145 420 463 X
62 316 346 140 392 468 X
54 294 320 202 484 505 II 3012141 18 10 555 21442 93 10
62 320 368 146 422 457 X
86 330 389 162 439 470 II 61142 8 0 0
72 320 361 150 430 450 X
54 301 324 164 450 475 121142 11 7 636 10442 88 7
62plusmn16 31plusmn23 341plusmn29 158plusmn7 433plusmn24 469plusmnJ5 lOAplusmn43 458 943plusmn36
1llJ 8 iil 83 wtH 38ii1 38 iil
c ~ ~
1ij1i1N 2 Jli1iln mllJf1~N Uflm1lJU11m~~ll~lJll~rlmlJI1lJi Jb~nfl1f1U1Ni~~llJ1lJ~Itfl69111f111V1ntlllJ~1IJ1l111mU~lJdl~~Miu1~middotm 1llHlJbJn~1J1miJlJfl
~ ~ Il~IlU~ ttlll1Ull
bull11lH1Jn n~l~ nll Jnnlfl 111~ ~ll 11~H 1u1~U1J ~U1U YlnJilu~1 iJil1JQf1 1UI~U1J jtJn~l ~U1U
(1m) (Ill) (lflJ) (lflJ) (lflJ) ~H1~ l~ (IN) (~1) () ~Ylf1 (1U) 1i~lJ16~
lriU111 (~1)
90 358 380 164 432 469 91214 7 2 286 1813142 99 2
76 326 354 122 390 441 x 73 324 355 160 453 490 13112141 6 4 667 201342 97 4
46 283 300 170 445 475 18112141 11 5 455 2313142 95 5
46 280 308 170 458 497 25112141 10 5 500 2913142 94 5 ~
50 300 320 144 417 445 x 70 328 370 142 44S 475 x 62 314 350 172 440 488 211142 13 6 462 114142 89 6
54 301 330 130 410 453 X
50 296 304 156 446 460 X
67 320 352 164 420 455 911142 6 o o o ~
66 325 366 132 404 442 x 74 320 360 144 434 449 X
66 299 367 130 450 480 X
64plusmn13 313plusmn20 344plusmn26 IS0plusmn17 43lplusmn2i 466plusmn19 S8plusmn29 41S 948plusmn38
11lJ 6111 5314H 22)l 22)1
bull bull
bull bullbull
17
mliWl1llJ1N1j~~W1IJVi 9 iIJ11fllJ 2541 ~lJg~1IJVi 12 lJml1llJ 2542 1j1~1ltn1J
~IJ 1lfl1J11iI lb flIJ ltfllWJ flyj ~H ffll11fllilUj l~flUWiilllJ1flgflfl hlifhJf11jlJ1~11iijllflMru tniSlJlfl
fl111liillWlfllgflflh 1jdlfl IJ~flfl1~VIflmHVi 1 1m 2 IIlJlf)11illltnlflliIlV 529plusmn36 flilJ fl11lJ
fl1HmgJ 4QplusmnO1 l1IJilllJltfll fl11lJtJ11mgu 66plusmnO11l1IJilllJltfl1 1lJll11iflli~V 524plusmn21 flllJ fl1111
fl1l~Ii~V 40plusmnO1 1l1IJ~lJfll ml11Ul1m~1J 67plusmn01 l1IJ~lJltfl1lI1lJ-i1~U lJtjVJflyjl)~IlZiJyjl)~ 1)1f11ft1lI)IJI)~UIllJI)~lI1f11fl1vlIJ1lllltlilJl1~ rll)~~ iJli1mru 24 ~i1l~ IIMll1f11Il1VlJIl~~W1 IflfllIJ ~ timiii~i1rll)IJ ~iUfl11IlfflJvflilflfl1Jllifhlflj liitnl1lJliwliatlfl jiflJ qUl11~1IJh~lgfl
ltlJ jll11 hjlt~~~1fhIJlifl~~~(raquo1gfllI)fJilui11~lJtiI)WflliltJli1~1IVIl)fl iIJ Ilflfl1JVIfllltN~ 1
mjl~h liVlmlTll1IJ 2 UU 1IJ~flfl11V1fl1ll~~ 2 UUIWlUYlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 UU 1IJllflfl11V1flIHI~~ 1 Uti11i1 tiYlfl~TIl1IJ 2uU 1IJ~flfl11V1flntNVi 2 util~huVlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 uti Illl11iflllI)~HI~l (y) Vi)~1f1fl11
1Hjlll~til1IJili~ 2 lflfl11V101ntl~ ~11l1IJ 14 mi 5111 136 vltN il111111fflJI1mlilllJltflHfltlthmXfI
4 ltl 2 i _I dIJl~llJIIW1j (x) 0l1lJfflJfl11fltJ y = L8773x+21682 R = 06008 IIffVil~ lJllJrl 7 unOll1HVI 34
80
60 ~ ~ -~ c 40
r y ~ 1amp113x + 2l682
~i 20 R =06008
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IllH IlmhlIJl(nn)
ltili 7 fl11lJUlJI1m11wiwihmrfl Ii I~ lflIJIllt11ifllUMlJtlfil11ltJ~hHlJfl
ltC lt
I ll
(11m~J 3 U11~1lit~mftUU1~lm~lliwml)0illO1li U)~Ull~uiYil1l1ft)~~J~~w~mmlll~lJ1nlJU~ tllq 1 1U
~ UlJI1tl1j 1li1~1 f1l1ll1
bullbull ~ bullbull ~ bullbull ~ tllWWO O~H em Ul11Ufl O~l~ 1111 IllllUfl fl1H fin
(00) ( lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ)
170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
OJ
164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
IllftfJ 167plusmn15 445plusmn18 476plusmn15 529plusmn36 40plusmn01 66plusmn01 308plusmn32 49+02 53+02
~
eo ~
bull JO
mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
~ UlJWWl i~~l )111911bull
~bull bullbull bull~
Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
iliVJft
48+02
1liVJft
5lplusmnO3
co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
~lU1llilh (y) ~i~mf1fl1j1Nl~IJJ~1iilfli~ 2 l~flWIlIltJ~ tllflUlli91l 14 u1i bull
11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
()
E
20
~ ~ gt ~
i ~
15
10
5
0
y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
~tlll 8 f11111fflJilJlhI1h~hlJ1U 1lil~ ltiull1In1flu1iilJ (WiTiltlftlJl1l1l
jmlhi1flVJfl~lflllii~I~1lJil18 jjUlfllJ 10 lJlIlJlJ 2542 l~lmiddotn 88-99 llJ iI Q A IV ltI Iq
flrulUl1l 268-318 J~flWllmlflff f1111lIJUirlJIfIl1l 802-903 I1JVWlIlJllI (911jl~Il 5)
~ln~1l5 Jml1tliJIIv~IlnJ (Oe) lif111lJnfl 30 lIil~llJ91j 1l1lf1111JiilJirlJill1i() ilJUJYiflill~l ~
I J tV ~ lVitll llml1JlJ
~
(0C) f111lJlfIJ 1JIlllll()
Iifl 268 903
lJfl 282 830
fl Il 305 850 d
1111 306 802
Ill 318 894
llUlI) 296 plusmn20 856 plusmn43
bull bull bull
21
I II Q 4s T r t II I gt1 ~I ltltftill fl1WVIl~lJtJ~ IJUIltYtlHlllVWWVlfllJ1lgiraquo1Hm~tHVIl~HffjVI 3 Ill 4 UlJ1tl1 5-10 1W tJIi~~UI11Jtl tmt1lJOWllTI111 ~f1~hiiWf1~U~1imJ ] mi1IlltliMHhllgtlll ~luwifii~uj
(keel) gt~ll~uU11tf~ iltllim~l~mitlFluulfliim~llHn~uNuIll~lJ mIll~U~nmmiii bull
ll1vihllllltjjlJ~lU1U 3 ItfJU f1lUU1flllHraquoltl~ IllfJU tU11l1l ]ll 1 UfJU Ul1Im1l6l~WllUii laquo4 I I 013 II d II d d QIe l d J 1n14 d ll~1~fl11ll1Uraquo1ltltl flUl IJ tltlUUI1ltllJ1lJ VItHllUl1f1llJ U1HUltmmHU il1tl1tHUl tltlllUU t lJlItflltlgt
t~ml1l(J HlllJl11J-lJlm 08 tlfU9IllJl1Ii
I bull ltII II dl II ltto laquo4 At ltII d ~ fl1111 ill fllJllt Ill fill 1j Il VI1ltlJ I111 Vll M 1 l ttY j lJ 1i111lJ Ul lJ IIU 111 llH II IlLUltl1l
ltV v d ltr d 3R8plusmn32 flilJ fl11lJfl11lm1l6tUltlIJ 49plusmnO2 llUl1ItlJIl Ull1J11lJIJ11mI1lltUlllJ 53plusmnO2
bull tI bull
1IfW~tlJi1Ij 1i1WI1VitnJl~1(J61H1i littYllJ1i111iiugiiIJU 11llllMtlflIIInJ 281plusmn26 fl~lJ f111lJfl ~H d lo cl ltV
milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
Itlv191W~hl 2 1gt1fl1HlltlltH 1i1WU1Htlfllfll~h (y) ~lU1W 60 ii iUU111tlflIJtHluJ~h (x) iiflllJ
~ ~ ~ 2 i oJlllJflUfiIgt1ltYlJflli y= L5452x+40918 R = 05058 ttY U~lJ1l9
40
35
30 TI S 25 rsect c 20 j 15
F 10
5
0
0
rbull y~ LS4S2+40918
R~ OSOSS 6
255 15 201deg - m ~ U1~lifitU 11 (nn)
22
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- r QJ r
1l [)tll6~61flU1l~m~IVlim~illl bull bull Sf
ntlVi6gmffl1II11l1U~tl1l~01ffJil~lJ1mlllhfd6UlhfUUhhl1l~hiT~Il1l6~lI~S VllJ
1J~1ruthtllti~IJ6~lhflll6~Viihiliif)i1f)Wru~U11tl ihmmJflJlJ lftl ~UlJiii6 illfl t1113 l1lJlIlI~ f bulllfl~flH )j61J61ffl6~ltlU1llllJYltI~6~U lUlId1UU11m~lJflIJtllJ1111Vl~lJtlrll1h 1161JntJ~mlll ~Vi
~I d ~ I ok d de x l q IIGI
lIlllJIJ1 Im~f)tl1JlI1IJln~mf) IJ~ 11ilfJ l 1mllUl~mfnJtl 1 lJtllJ1lJtlVltJ~tlIilVl11l11llll~milfI~
1IgtIgtllIlI1tlqt1f1lll11~ lilll1Jtl1uVl1J11lmtlmlltnil~u lJ1~U 11 fl6~fl~il~timhwf)~ltltIlJ flf1~16fllt1f)WtUII6~)j1~ (2543) i1V~ltlhIll1ml9itldlfll1ltl1II1Vi61fffJ6yitlU1niillJ Umli~VllJhv
tl1~1lJ1ltlutiuliim~llllitlutlftUillffVilrJltlll1~fl ImNutaphand (1979) 11l~ltjhlllll11fJ 9i tl1l fl11 tltfll1Vi111l1fll flqtyWtl i fllfll1J1nru111fUuihu1l11ti~1lll6~U1iTflVi~fllt1f)W ru~1 flll1J
nh1lfl
mUVljmlfJIJ6~(lhll1l~lu1Jgtlltli~111gt1t1~lI Vl1JlUvn~ f1l16~lIJ ltllI~~ lit6~ ~ 1flflll6~ ll~ ~ djltlflll6~YiiiIJtl1ll 11t)) ii~tlU1j) lflij~111llgtl1~lIl1~i~111~WV1~tll~iimlllll11lJ1flflh
A d lt) a a lt) ~ I A 5ff 0 d 1lll6~6t1 1 VllJUVl1llllllJlIlI~ ll11JJlf1lItVl~m~llllJlIu1fltll tl6~1l1m1JtIllllJlIYI6~llflllm tI6fl
f1~6~fllJ11 IlU (2533) i 1l~1tlhtl Il ~1JtlVlU1II1l11l~ tll1JflVllJltVl1m iI1lllIflJ1l1tllJ11101IllflUl
_I ~I J I I d d d d I
f1M~Jl~~ lI~lJlf)tllf1l16~1Jlf)1Jl11 CJHl1JtJtIlIJ1l6lll6~f1l1lNlI~ illI~ l tlllll IVlJ~llfll1CJr~1l6~
bull q ~ t q gt ~ q ~ 1 =~ ~ltl1t1t1llVlJ1fl IUlliilJII1ll I1l~llltl1 Itlllll~lI~ 1fl~~qtyVltl1j Itliltl1fllll IIl1 IVl iiltl1llllU
y
(2525) ~d1nilWtl~1II1U1~ltlflll6~lI~~ 6Jl~ il tI~lI tl11Jl~mlmllJWtl~llli1lllU~tll1J~ 1~Ilftl
fltI f11i ~11II1llUlii11 tia 6 d~f1 Jl )~ Jl ~ 6l ~lii6~1J 1~1fl lJ I 101filla~ lI ~~~I1JUl11 ci~ 61flVIJ 6~ 11111 VI j1
)jij~ih lWtJ~I tlVluiiUtlOafl14YU lBffll11J iUlJ11tlfllit6IillIlilUfltl 611 1m1~lrii6 dtifl1l6~lI~
~lIll1I lf~1nm1lJ~61111111ilUtfll1~n61~iiU~~i1Jl1ll111lV~tll1l 1~1Il(t1ci6lm~~flll6~1l~Ih I riiilllJiiu~l1JIlfUflU
~ ~ J2 llflllruYIWlfllVIU1
~flllru~l111 bull
~1f) f111 VI fl 1l 6~VllJ1111i llll uliitll1l~ l1ltllIll1lh~fl fl1 ~ 6~ II~~ (terrapin)
IItl1llltltj) lt1f)llrul~lnlt)1111Nl~6fltl~lm~11l 11111Ulijl~lJ~ltl1tl 5 ~lJ ff1UlJ111lt1~ii 4 y
~lJ IVlflliifJIlJlJtJ1fl illqiViqflii1i111Ufl 202 fill1fl1lJ fI11lJfl~1~mflN 484 CJrtl~lJm m111U11
bull bull
bull bull
23
~llll1lltl~(Jl~hlllJflmHlJIJ(Jliiu1 ihrfllJmIhhJtiltJ lJlhtltlfl 17 il1tlflilJ fl11lJJl1mIlB~~6~ 58
lIlligtilJ~1 fl11lJm1m~B~mj~ 60 lIll~llJm fl1~1I6~l1a~lJilnlibull fl11lJll~fl~H1Vlfl
mllJl~fl~l~~ 11h~lllfl~ lmJ~lldJlI 9l11~lJ1JlllfllJliiUIl1111l1flhllff~ mi~ ~ ~ ~ P I~middot ~ middot1 1fl~~llltltI1ll1fl11llflrjn flll m1 fltllJfl111l1lJ I U m1I6~11n~mmll lJtlllllJnfl] IJUUNU m IlIH
~ P _f d ~ 131 ltjI d P 1 l I II 4
U (J UlJ lfl m lltH Ill U 1l6~jjfl ~ lJ UNll Vl6~l U66fllJlU 1~ll6fllI flU 61lliN 11 mIlB~UYIn W-IU IlJ lJmll y
lJfl Ulffnlltf1Ul1 1lJlhhnn tJlmmjlJU1lIJtJlfllJffll1ii6~61lU iJff1l 1li~11JlliUIllff~ tf1jJ111~I~fl (Vlt$ltu j1 4 1$1
jjUfl11llfl~ Yl11lJ1lIllfllmII(J~mNlJlIflIJ1l1ll1ll 3 llflIJ ~flltl1~ 1 UOIJ lY1UUl~mII1l~Ul~tl ~ 1 n -l1 lflIJ ltllU1lIJm1i16~lJllflIJltllJllU1 fl~U1l~mliljH 1il1l16IJ lJUUllillllflfl111VlflllW lllJflll1l1
lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
mIl(J~l1n~iiltl1lJrmilllthU111~~IWlJl1fl111l1flliitJ 1lJnh~1I1iwli6~rUthlJflUlfljJ111~lJlflflh bull
lllflllJfJ
11 tiII~flUthtlfl~lUlt1jlJ lt111~16flaflll mUltJ ~l1~ (2543) mi1111111~lJe~ lYi1lllfl~ 11 lvi111 lI11JUiJfllJ
IJUllilfJTlflil ii1flUI11~il1tYfl111lnillYI111e~i U 91111l1ti ~tleU1tJ m~111~lJ lflfl111YillllflliJlJ li~il~
lYlBlt1fl1fliUfl11NlYlJliili mllJfflJIiU11iHfl11lJfr)11mIIBltlUnlll11UflIJltJ~vl61iUi CW =
VI(J ~fffl1lJ I HUVIB~l[JIJllYlJ6flU il tl Bli1li~lH U fl1 fl6~lJtllJUIJ flllHU fl1 flltJ~rllll1 U
bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
IiUi cw = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 Utlfl11lJfflJlitJ1111lt1fl11lJ[Jl1m1i16~ltllill1t1fl
~ ~ VIq~fl1j lJmHlfflJI1tJ1j
YiltllfJ~U~~flfflJlitJiflU~~mm1Ultl~mmfiU j~I11HliieUlmfllJii~~Utieu
itJ11fllJ NfflJliuititJUJ1~jiiIJJliifl 300 lllU~lJ~j lYilI1fl~jUl~~ 4 -1i1~lmm~fHI1iltI IJ ll~1111llflljj fJ I~hnllJ~U~ IillllU lli1~ iJiifflJtlltJ U lt1I1lt1)e 11)11li fI fflJlitJiflU111fliilff IJ~ j IJfl1U 11 tl~ ~lflfllt1lJIiU(1111llflljjfJlI~IJJlI461~mfJ1UI~eNlYlJ flU1Ii Ulil11~1~fIJ fl1~NtlJliuin~I~IJJl 14e1~l1ti1~hiNfflJIiUifllJlYi1Vlfl~ fl lilIi1fllllUlIil~U1tJBdIJllUfll~m16~ titJ tilVlvleliUiHlt1lJ
J1Vfl tB~fltiltJ~fllJfiffiJJltlflm (2529) fl~11h11NtlJIiUiflU~1I1Hlii6UflUlJ1fJuii~KtJl~ltJU
bullbull bull
bull bull
24
VId1ulUfhj~tJ1Fl1f1fitJui11t1hmll~~JlJl11J ~1ullinlll 2100 - 0400 U1Wf11 Mti~~lmfutlljlllil1 flmUll~lh1I ~1U1111iii~~ulli 5-18 VItJ1 ~lflf11~VIllllfl11iiJulljVluiIIli11nJ9iUlnll~1tJtJ1M11ltfl
f111V1fllfl1~ 1 il-iJ91gt1f1111HIi 571111tl11oilU~ UIIdjjli~lU1U 83 WN ilfl1Ilillltl1~ 2 iiall~l fll1mW 429 11ltl11oiluli lll~ii~lU111Ii 53 VItl~ U1JlilijjjJlm1fl 470-588 flill fl11lJfl~H 38shy
42 llfU~lJ91 fl111Wl1 65-68 lfU~llJfll
l1fl1lWUtl1 Ii
fl1lW~ lilllilll1lJ91UI1lil1l1111IhtiuIllll flllVItH ffUl1fltlltJIinlll1lfttlf1 Ii ~1UU 111
~ d~ j dy UUfl1911ll1IJlllllJllllflf111 II1l1f)1 ~ fJ11J1I1fl1ltJJ
69111flU1lBtYUii1IllflllVlfl
Iillilll1tJ9iunilVlmnU~1~nll1 88-99111 ~tjwMSJil268-318 HfIlllfllllli1l1j IIll
11 Jj ~ _ ~ 1 ~ f 7 fl11lJlIU lt1 lJj VI I 802-903 1JtllllfUIII UlllllV1 ~lflUlJjU1jll1llJ1~nltllM1lflflllV1fllltlUl 1 1Ill
lflflllV1fllltl1~ 2 iiall11flllVlmlJulll 458 1Ill~ 415 l1Ifllollu1 1II1lJlh~lJ tUflflWllfllltl1~ 1 mj
I1li11llYlfl~1111U 2 all illflflllV1lllfl1~ 2 Illl9hiJJVlfl~lU1U 1 ull tl1~Iatl~~lflflllhililJli11fl 1fllJiJ1Iilfl11111ilm111hh~fllJ1$iilJfl11mVIlJm~ltlflu Jm~liiU1J1i1111lIl1flllliitJ 308plusmn32
flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
VIilllfl~ lliI~11tJ1MllVi1HllflllllVluilllilll11J~Ulnilli~ 2 WI iliiifllllitl6111llflllVlmnllIll1I1liVllli
WllllltJ~ 111l1l viii1J~~1IJfl lM11141flYlllfiflJt1I1lJIl ~~jj11ll1illJ6~lfl11 iiallll1 fl11 Vl fll1]lJ ~11fltllfltJ1
Qt teldQ
fllJtl1M 11 VIlJ 111l1lJllfl l~fl11
fl11V1fllltJ1fffl1l1flll lJN11ll1ilu illiafll 1 11 ~ ulJ fl~11li11l1119iU l1lfl j1Jli1fl 1M 11~1IIllflullVlui bull
IlliltlllJfilllilfl1 2 lflf11~Illll~1 itliillllllifla91l1f111111 i uUll69111fll7Vlfl
1 rmfffl1l1fl-J~ihilu f1111jlVlU 1i~ii ~IlH1J1J7lnlJ 111m ullilVlfllu UtlflU fl11iif1Ufffllol1 ~ _ i 1middotmiddot 4 -l ~ ~ JiIf111U1U 1Jnfl Ufl1lllJ~flU L~U flll~1 nlJ M1mmfl~nfl UVIifllJ1Hlm1JiJlJ~WMlJlJllmllJ~Il
11
25
~ p ~ ~ ~ ~ bullbull ~ ~ ~ 111111111 U mtl~ulfJll 2539 fltlll1Jltlfl1lmfl~Un6pflll IlU ~1nVllnlltHu Vll 1VlV fl1N1Iljl flll
I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
rIUU lyj~I ljtJIli1t1 lIl1UVll nlllti Ilfl1lflW1Ul11 Itti nl1iJ Itfl~ti~U 2529 flllffml1lifv~ jIJ ~ I ~I
1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
lily ~ tI 4 It ltvIt t1IJlI lt111lJlJTUlII1 un 1lm vgWUIJ1t1 2525 l4tim1dl11IJUtiffVlJrl111l4UljlfllU1IJfI U
flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
1L1ilU ljfloWU( 2533 vhM111f1~ ~Tillt1~Ui1f1ifvl1Jll1iJflllitl~rl1U~11J1JlflUVllnfl ffl1llUIJ
i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
d tI~ ltI ~ 11gt ~ 1i(1lJti rllllt11~f VUUIlI rJllmiddotHlI~f 1i(Iln lllJUJllI1lI un mlln JfllJflW1U1Vl 2533 fllll1fllll
I
fl111J li1u1 U 1 ~1J flll1fi11ll1iiu61~Vlri1Jfl111J1lIflllfll 11lvhun61ll111ltlfl IIfl~1fl~lmm1J
11U~11Jfllff1J1JU11Jjlfl11Ugt~ltl2533 m1JU11H mYl 739-745~ hUfl~lUlrI~1Jflfl~flfllimjrullv~lfl~ 2543 lhiuumVlI1VlU dlUflllUtI~1Jfffl~IVmiflpoundjrullltl~ =OIV 4 d $1
lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
~ bull ~ q 1Iffl1UU tn1J1Vl1l~ 1Iti fll1il 1ilfj1JllI 2537 flIJIJ1I1UflII111tiIIIl1mlllIJ tU1JlVlf Vl(J 1Urll
~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
ABSTRACT
fi11l1 wI1l1l1~1I~fl
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N1lf11~flmn
~ 1I~lJUll1ilTjmNI1
~el1liWUU
1
3
4
5
5
9
22
24
25
ii
IIl1UUY9l11H
d IllljHI1
2
3
bull1hmrfl 1I111lfl1H mlmllJlll1mlra~Uij~vlijlluiIJi ll1~l1mfllnl~1IiiilIJ1IJIll
bull bull 1ltllll 1 fllJilm il IJTIllij~lilmll9iIJI1l III 1 I1llij~ Iii a~~W U1111J Iff1lJ11ll1iJ IJ~ ~ 1 I ltI I 0 I
mmm fl11lJfl H 1I1lllfl11lJV11mllij~lJij~YlijlllJVlIJ1j lI1~1lfllj11~ U~1IJlIJ Ill
1tlfljlmjilm~IJT1UtNIilmv9iIJ1~ll~I1flU~liv~~1amllUlJlff~lJ11ll1ilIJ~ UIJ llll1lililllIlIJlJlllljf1lhliYiflUUflIl1fl1IiUu~ulJiIJi fil1llU~liiv~~1Vmltlj
IIIJ1
15
16
4
d lffjlJ1fllllIJij ijl~ 1 1IJ
UlJlll 1IlhmlllUIJ lllljf1l~lfiYifluUfl~lfl11lUltNIIliiIJ1 Iil1ll1lu~lliJ~~hJijnm11i
18
5
Q
11fj1l1Yl111IJJ mfJ 1 1IJ
bull bulllrulliJiiUU~l1jll (OC) iill1111afl 30 1lfIJ9illJllj IIn1I111l~lJffm~I1Ii() 1IJuuilfl 1 lilh
mtJ9iIJIillljItmiddoth~I~JlJ1iIJllflll 2541 ti~lllllleJIJ 2542
19
20
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2
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4
5
6
7
8
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iii
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Ilil111J~Ultlflltl1~[lhtiWIVfIiitJiiIJW1fllItJifri1VfI~ 11 bull
1-i1111JiliUltlfl[VffWtJm~iiIJU1fllgmfU Vff~lI1~llIJUlfl llltJitJl1 11
f I tJ Weifl11JJ dJJIIU Ii~Yl11~fl11JJnJ1~fl~IllN f111JJ J11mfl l~[llU1Y1 U flIJl~VnVu~ 12
41 v I 11 ow 141
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f111JJ dJJVlU Ji YIh~U1Y1 Iifl hl1hiimillllimraquorlu ilhtmJiliultifl 17 y
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3
BREEDING OF PAINTED BATAGUR TERRAPIN
Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844)
Wonnat Hirunchulha Chaiyaphum Inland Fisheries Station Chaturat Chaiyaphum Province 36130
Chaiwat Ratanadadas Phattalung Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center Muang Phattalung
Province 93000 Sovakhon Roungrung
Chortip Jaroonsak Satun Inland Fisheries Station La-ngu Satun Province 91110
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study was done to evaluate effect of vitamin E on breeding on Painted Batagur Terrapin Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844) Experiment was conducted in two 20x30 m ponds at Satun Inland Fisheries station From August 1998 to September 1999 Broodstocks were stocked (14 pairspond) and fed with minced trash fish Amblygaster clupeoides mixed with Ipomea aquatica (1 1 by weight) at 2 of body weight daily Vitamin E at the rate of 200 mg per kilogram of food was supplemented to the animals for one pond while the other was not
Results revealed that wild broodstocks collected around the mouth of La-ngu canal La-ngu Satun Province female turtle was normally bigger than male Mating season started from October to early December Egg laying was at night from December to January Eight female spawned for vitamin E-fed group while only 6 female spawned in control group Average agg numbers were 88plusmn29 and 104plusmn 43 eggsfemale and size of 524plusmn21 and 529plusmn36 gm in weight 40plusmn01 and 40plusmn01 cm in width and 67plusmn01 and 66101 cm in length respectively Hatching time was 88-99 days at 268-318 degc of sand temperature Young cub had average weight of 281126 and 308plusmn32 gm with 415 and 458 hatching rate respectively Both survival rate were 100 No significant differences between adding and non adding vitamin E on feed
8
Key words Painted Batagur Terrapin Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844) breeding
4
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a dllllJVi IJ VIfJ~U1UiI j lIU111-1 cl ~jflUll1J1m lIi ~ll II ihll1 ~IIlJI1l1lfUli1il111lYl1l1m II GYU lUll yen bull
lJ111l11J JIIJ ~hiiI1lJU1lili1
fllSllwim~luUa~~hillll~llll1i1 lli~1111i1GYIlIlVllJl~II1~ fIilfH1l~ tJIl~ dillih Y sJ bull
fIilfJ~UlllllimliilJlllul~lfli~1111i11l1~lmimiddotm1Ii1liVI1l~ j1m1lJl~I1~iillhll1ll ISPi1 V1lJ-nrilll1l bull
1l~lIllihlJaihlll~ ~1ll1ll II ~ UIlvi1lJlllhflUl tJ11f)fJll~ ~lll1ll 4 Pi1 1iJUIVlff~~lll1ll 7 Pi1
lllffliltJ~1U1IJ 8 ~ 1l1l~illlgl~lJ~lUU 41 Pi iJUV1ff~~lll1IJ 21 ii1 IVifftiluhIJ1IJ 20 ii1 al~ bull 1h1J1W 15-30 11 j~lflllnm~lIllUmjIJmli1tJ~
~ ~
12 IlflgtlWV1WI111V101
121 l5flgtlwihl tI
IlIili11tJ~iJlil1i111U9hJliIi1UUlfl l1i1l ~V1llllIJ1111i11~lJililJmrfl 202
~1 QiI 91 ~Ililfl amlJ mllJfl11IflSlla~ 484 1IfUllllJflS fl11lJJ11mli1a~ 505 IfUfll1JfI mli1a~I-lIl~llJ ll 1J
iiflgtlW1l10Vl1lJ011ll fJ~ lhii 3 wn lJ111W flal1l1li ~iJUiJ~llallm~ ll~1i11lJlIU1~hii1 ltii~ilUI~jf1i1 q ~ ~I x 1 l lUlI11VtJtJU1I1l 1114 m 1l llJllJlllJtl1~lJ1flUU m li1ll4nUllU GYYI1 mli1a4fllUVIll Iffll11f1S lJ iJ~llV
1 = 1 ~ 1 =yenlJ lflllll j lJ ll tJlllJ 1 flff mll a lJ UIl flll W IlJ Uti I-IUfllJ flIl1UU Il a 0 GY 1U IIfJI iJ fl j (IlllJm1l1i1i1 UU
dy OJd ltd1 Q ~ I Ylt$dll IllflUaVllllIJfllf1Hfl1lHffIi11t1fJmall1i111J1~GYU11tlfl 1 tlli11J1lJU ~1i11Ul~la ll111U llJlIlm lU1U 5
Igll Ul11n4iJl~1J~1U1U 4 ~ll illl11111lilala~1111~if~afiUtln1(Ji1~~ 4~1Jflmiddotht~11l1VfillliJ1i1 l5flllwmli1a~ ilmIi1M11l54 (shield) 37 UNU tI~flall~0mta~fla1~~ (neural shield) 5
IINll mli1al~lIJl1n~ (costal shield) oi1~1l 4 IINll mmmSllIJMlil (marginal shield) ffl~tl
II Nll m~s~mila1lUl1N (supracaudal shield) ffHIlt I IINll mli1tHrl1U~fili1fill1i1 (nuchal
shield) iJlllllillgfl mli1a~~lUllUl1lljll~fl 1 (keel) ifmiia~tlaUllllali1ull1flIlHII1 rl1UmilS~
~luVla~ (plastron) lhflall~vmiI6~rlU~filln1Jtla (gular shield) ilUU1ilI~fl 2 IINU mils~ ll1nwUll1Ul (humeral shield) 2 IlNIJ mils~ri1IJ~fili1nllll111Ul (inguinal shield) 2 mlU
mli1a~ri1Uafl (pectoral shield) 2 lINll mila4ri1uVla~ (abdominal shield) 2 UNU mila~lll
bull bull
c
(keel shield)
m~~fl~i1Ul1~
(costal shield)
(neural shield)
mltllmmJBlflU111~
(supracaudal shield)
10
I1ill] (axillary shield) 2 lUlu m~IINl]~1t11iJl11li~ (femeral shield) 2 miu m~IMihuiIJ
(anal shield) 2 Uf1U 1I1fI~lWpJ~ 2
ltl~ 2 5fl1JtII~~tlll~lHWm~Il~hIJl11i1uNum~1l1ff1Ufill~la~5fl1JtII~lfi1iJ1l1~htlltl iWI~1
122 R111l91fl~11II1I
R11111191 fl~11mh~ IIlll~II lt1 ~1Ilf1nmll1lt11 VIii IJ 1l91 Ill] h 1111 l~lJ1tJ I Illl~n
IJWll Igflfl11ll1In tJI15~n5fljjtllSft~11J2tl1lill11WIiIl IJfl11 IIl1l10J ) Idflll11 alJ fl1l Illlln tJ 1Il1l~~ Ild1W1Jil~t)JViWiilllfllJff1WI151m1I1l1~1W1U 3 Ill] ~Hfllt111 I 1IflIJ tY1W-iHm91IHltlil1lt1 1
UflIJ Ua~lJIlIJm~1l1illlmJ9I1lJlIW11A1IJ1l1m~1l11I1mllIJaflSlJlrlJI1tJJmJafh flllJ11fli1I1l1l
I IV (4 wlOI t ltV 44 IV I d ~ )8IlJ ~ IJ 1 tl N1flIll W1jlJW tW~1tJ tl1WI11lJ1flflJlJlI011 lt1fllltll UUnlJm1 lfflIJ1Utlfltl Il tI tllm fl lt11 IflO1
vi-i~Iilti thlll1nfls11 I11~6U tI11flhllllllilv tI~i11I111~1l11imheJfil] Ifltll111mflfl11IlIliltJ
bull UHtlnl11t1IWflIHtIm~1J1-i iJIJ ff1t1Illlln ~mO1Il1Mlti1fhl114hlifllWfltl1l1nl11t1 lli~ i1iiihh
$I S4 I _~ ~ dV I I Iq 1lt5 bull ~1Cl I11l1-r 11 lJ IIHU ll1l1U IlllflmIJ NU Ilflllt1fltlIltJ m fI 1l1191ClIIHIJ tlJlJl11f1l11t1UtlflIlHtI mftll1
~ihlItlI1jjlltlhlJtlmh~tnfiti IlllliltJ~)j1~iiIJtllA 111qJfl11tllll~ mi~ lA11l1flfli1 ~flihu
IIIltYtlfl11 iiiYJ111~~1U1tltllIlG ff1UI111gmfti ~tJt1mwh~l~jlJti1lJfi1J IflUI11~IilltJflill1lff
~ tlft~1t11tl~ 3 Itll 4
(nuchal shield) (gular shield)
mIIt)~U1I11I11IJ111111
(hurneralshield)
(in~inalshield)
(pectoral shield)
(axillary shield)
m~fl~lhufia~ (abdominal shield)
n~~elU1tuUltt6~
(remeral shield)
m~IINri1u~u (anal shield)
11
IHlil ~ III1~ v
ltl1i 4 iTn~~UlliltlIII1il~Ill~ilJW1lu~mYU III1~IINiiJW1iltllmlioll
12
123 fl11lJnlJWjn1Wi1~fl11lJfr)1~mfIHUtlI1111rfl f111lJVl1mflU~IUI1111rfl
lhtl1JillJL1l~lmlllfl~ihfl11rf111rmil~V 63plusmn14 fntlflflJ mllJfl1l~mOlU~ l11~tJ 312plusmn211lfUilll1fl~ fl1111Vl1fll~J~il~V 343plusmn261lfU~lJfl1 f111mYlJl~Un111h~fI11lJfl11~ m~U~UtlI11lfrflUtl~IltlilJi CW = 14226W+2216 R2 = 07295 l1lf11111fflJiun~wh~
fI11lJll1mf1~NUllUl11rflU1l~Iluiui CL = 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 lfffl~1lJ~tlVl 5
CL= 16962W 23474
R ~ 06247
60
50
40
30
~ 20 CW = 14226W 2216iij
RZ = 0729510
o
0 5 10 15 20 llnninlltnI i(nn
IILWmJJviiUl11rflmnV 154plusmn17 1111lflflJ f111lJfl11~mOlU~illlJ 432plusmn22
lIIUilLlJfl~ fI11lJV11mf1U~III~V 467plusmn17 IIU~lJfl~ tl11lJnlJiu1i~11h~fI11lJfl1NmOltHUll h1rflUNlli~ui CW = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 1I11mllJfflJiut1111h~f111lJVl1
w w 2 q _-ltmOllNUllUl11UflUNlllJIIUlj CL = 07377W+35368 R = 05489 lffOl~ Ullll16
ON 07377x +3536860
R~ 05489
- 50 ~8 ~ 40 ~
~
30 ~
05974 c 20 ~ 10
0
250 5 10 15 20
13
Vlqiim11J f) 11 Nifllfil-liU1lf) 1 n1~ Ii
I AS ~ d ltV j-v a I~ 11l1et~I-I nm Il I~~
d ll1tJ NifllVll-l Ij f)I-I Il~ f) 11H11-1U1l ~ f) 1114111-1 j If114IHJUIImfllJ
d fH
ijI-Iiii61-1nl-l11f1ll1~tJNiflJfiWifiu1uU1limiddotmllJU1i1f) 30-40 l1WiilllW lY1IVli~11tJ11n1-6lJ lt] 1i1 -= _I I 0 q I l ltV J 0 aI I IVli1llJIJHcrlUl1lJlf)VlWI-I 11fflVlillltJ lJNfl1461lf1 1l111111lJf) 1~64IJH1I1~1U1lmII64if11-1 f)UlJ6~ a~1 $ ~ li i w1
l~lVlIflJlJ ll1111lJlJll 30 U11lil4IJI-IfI6lJIVlIflJlI lIIJlIH 4 IINfllf)jilIHtI1I~IJHIII1VlIfIJJII
HlIlHy1 2 ltilmllJ~lJalJ f)j11 a4~l1-1r11l164IVllfliiIJUt11~I6f)IIlJ1ntll1hm16IJ64~mw ff11-1111i iii ~ bull
lilIJ611iJ 4 i 1-1 U 1 Hlti4 ~ 1mlIUllIf~ifV gt111 1l 11JH NIy 1 MH NIVllflilmYi JifJ~611J1ltilNiflJW inULVli
MA ltv d f t 11 ltQ
IlJlJ IlJJ if61lJ11J1lI1ifl-ll1INIllVlIflJJJ~1I1lJ1tl1 5middot10 W1Yl ~lf)I-I WVl1lVll-lllL1lUlJVlUIj If 1-1
tI lti4lti11f 1flW 1M~J111 VliV4i16~iiillnl-l J1111 lJltl1 5 mli4UIJt11l6t1i)1 t1nU61tl1i1~ii timltll111 W vi1lltlJ1l4111l II 1111-11I1l1JUNf) ~14 fit 1 tJ~iilllcenthIi1mh4lI64J1Jil~4~ t1 lt] Jggt1H
bull JJ
t1m4 2 ~4 VllJ11i1Ul~1l iflll1~1-1 IIf1lJJf)lJl il1f)ff11-11JIf ti~ilt1NfflJI-lifil-llff~ il )rtJ1Vli9i1~H ljgt1
66t1 ~lfla1111 IVl If~uiJ IJ fft1 fIi4If gt1lhjh I1I6yi1-1 li64IJ1l41hl-lt1 NIH iJ6W~lJ lI W 111IJJ 461tJ1tf1f
JI w dr dIJ11111lJltll 5-8 ll1UIlUlJm t11NlhlJ1tl1 8-10 ll1UllllJ~1 t11141)1f)NiflJIIW~1gt11111j1llJtIiJlf)lJI-I1 ~ ~ w d ~w w ltI d J w ltlw
llfU nmet I-IIVl6Nilllt1lJ IIJ UllIAll 11l1lJfll1NiflJVll-lljU1lt1lJU11l1lIJUr11iJ IlJNiflJIil-lljf1tMllllii
iQ J w ~ w ltI aK 1 bull 9 ~ ~~6f) If 1t1ill1t11 IfIjV4illtHfl1~NfflJVlUlj1lmllJt~1 ~f11ll1-11UlJU blJ6~lJW111ftVlnJVl1 ~ t1 111 1111 IlJ
ff1lJ11(lNfflJU~fltUutifi11 yj1lui~U4H1Ltiuihhlll-l~V4hll~flJfl11NiflJuili41lNfflJ lui1l111
a III I~I i1 4t OJ dl fit ai~1 I 1 ti d
H lti4 ~ 1fl1ltili 1 I IiflJt111IlUlJuill~ lJltll 1 1~1)lj Utili 11~lJ~UlJ1dn 1~11lilll11J 11flH 111H114114 I lIu 1 lJltll gt11-1 1gt16 W litl11f1lJ fl4ll m 1 rllJ1JI-I l14Yl H tI H Ijll illf) IlJ 1ft 111lllJfl1111 Yl 1J
111111t11 gt1 Vlnetui1i114 I Ii mit~11lfI llltljtllJl11~1 lilJUH 1ft Yl11t11U~UVi lllfl1iR1luolNWI-IU1l
v bullbull bull
1~lJlJff4lJ t~II9imn 2100 bull 0400 1-1 li1~IlIUq~I1i~1114 Iili14IilU4IViJ4IliU 1~lii1ltl1l1tJql11~Ii 1U11il11411il1n4iitl4flW lii6111hi1ii6f)~~114Ili1~UtJ1-11IJ111 n411~ 2 ~-NI~~tIIltJillfl111~lU
t1lti4 iimjtllfffiJ1~f)1llJl1N~1t1lh9i1111lJ11ll 3-5 LlJill m1lliit11l6~HllJlIlJlll 3060 1l11-~llJm ~ ~ ~J l ~ 1 I 1 ~r111llt1JN 20-40 lfU~llJVl1 Illllilllt1WifUIIU1l41fllllCl114lI fttJJt1tltlIJUlllflU6t1U1l1u1lWIl
II
6l t1lJl IJ IllvhN 11i I~11)iiUU1Iii U f166 t1ll lHri61~ IHIYi1llhfJH ril iiUinrIiill f1 lJl tlIfitI 11 llJ
w ~ ~_ ~~I i w1lf)lJtlII~lJ~UUrllJ1lIDIJ~ Ii6ill6~fl1 11IUUIIllt1lJtltlll1t)lJ ~1 ~4mlJl UfI11i1f1lIUil1
lJfi~tl Illi 1 litfi1H1Ii lif~ iJUU-iliJ1~lJmli4~tlYl11J1I~f11llJ1I1t111llJJum T4iJfl II~mJflU 1-Nmt iI bull
Ufl muIf)1I1t111ljll 1tl~1JIlUiJfttl1t11flll J1fltiWUtili1iJI~rl1lJ111111 lt] tlt1f1f~1~Uin~ihfl~6t1 II JI
fl1~t1 lJ 1 H Ii l1il~ J 1fltiuUUlh~fl1I1U 1l ~Ul 111 Illt1N1lt1l1 VI ill1lfi4VllJ11UUI~h1141lin4iYU
~11l1t1 14 gt11
bull bull bull
14
I lt14 d ltaJ jI d ff1UlyenllUJ1JllUTWUfl1HW 158plusmn17 f11nmll ml11f111~f11~ilfJ~tmW 433plusmn2A 1lfUillllil~ Wl111Vl1
m~ilfJ~m~J 469plusmn15 llfU~tuil~ UlivtUlj1Ht 8 ijlFl 14 tilInFlTm~tli 571 lltlfo1u~ ii
~Ii~1U1U 83 vlfJ~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jm~U lOAplusmn43 vlfJ~I1llnJlfil~tltl1111illijUti lyenlff~ihilWiJfl~~J
lIUiiilJl lllffiilJlhhl1ilFl~liu 15Ot17 filnflill ml11f1~mmiltl~mli1J 431plusmn21 lf1J~llJil~
mllJm1m~ilfJ~m~1J 466plusmn19 IfUlIllJII1 llliwUim11i 6 ) IllFl 14 11 tiil~1f11111~H 429
lltlflltUli mli~1U1U 53 vltl~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jIil~1J 88plusmn29 vltl~I1tlltl 8ilnFl1~VlFlllUIi1tm~8nFl1gt 9 ~ W 1 wi0ltlilllJ ~f111tfllJ~Fl1JmlW 458 lfl~ 415 1JtllllfU9l 1l1lJ1IlillJ Ui1iH U1lln~Il I IfI~ 2
lt lti j0
IV V I Illr I II t ~ ~IV M ~ IV I o1i d JJ 2 1l11Htl1 UlllUn frlmn114 m~fi11~lJnm~~J~IJJ~WJUtlWU~ lI1~1mml111 Il ~lU1U lJUll~J1l11m~1lf1lIUil1IJJ~9111nIJllUlI~VII11tl1111t1
1ltV1111111lllJlllmUJ
~ ~
W3WUi UJWUi UltIUI1 fI~l~ ~1l 1l111un fI~l~ 61l l1~~Ii 11ufi3ull ~lU1U llmiluii1 tmllfl 1u~1Ju1J 1~lJLlf1 ~lUll
(l1fl) (lIlJ) (Ji1l) (11fl) (lIlJ) (Jill) ~l1~1i Ii (WtH) (iil) () ~llfl (1u) ll1ii3nl~
iluiil (iil)
90 348 370 170 451 485 1112141 15 10 667 191342 98 10
84 340 370 155 425 460 II 1312141 5 5 1000 201342 97 5
54 292 316 158 428 464 22112141 9 4 444 28342 96 4
40 272 300 160 440 465 II 22112141 7 0 0
42 284 300 160 445 475 X ~
50 300 320 165 446 482 II 2411241 10 2 200 28342 94 2 (J1
70 338 364 132 390 444 X
52 308 328 145 420 463 X
62 316 346 140 392 468 X
54 294 320 202 484 505 II 3012141 18 10 555 21442 93 10
62 320 368 146 422 457 X
86 330 389 162 439 470 II 61142 8 0 0
72 320 361 150 430 450 X
54 301 324 164 450 475 121142 11 7 636 10442 88 7
62plusmn16 31plusmn23 341plusmn29 158plusmn7 433plusmn24 469plusmnJ5 lOAplusmn43 458 943plusmn36
1llJ 8 iil 83 wtH 38ii1 38 iil
c ~ ~
1ij1i1N 2 Jli1iln mllJf1~N Uflm1lJU11m~~ll~lJll~rlmlJI1lJi Jb~nfl1f1U1Ni~~llJ1lJ~Itfl69111f111V1ntlllJ~1IJ1l111mU~lJdl~~Miu1~middotm 1llHlJbJn~1J1miJlJfl
~ ~ Il~IlU~ ttlll1Ull
bull11lH1Jn n~l~ nll Jnnlfl 111~ ~ll 11~H 1u1~U1J ~U1U YlnJilu~1 iJil1JQf1 1UI~U1J jtJn~l ~U1U
(1m) (Ill) (lflJ) (lflJ) (lflJ) ~H1~ l~ (IN) (~1) () ~Ylf1 (1U) 1i~lJ16~
lriU111 (~1)
90 358 380 164 432 469 91214 7 2 286 1813142 99 2
76 326 354 122 390 441 x 73 324 355 160 453 490 13112141 6 4 667 201342 97 4
46 283 300 170 445 475 18112141 11 5 455 2313142 95 5
46 280 308 170 458 497 25112141 10 5 500 2913142 94 5 ~
50 300 320 144 417 445 x 70 328 370 142 44S 475 x 62 314 350 172 440 488 211142 13 6 462 114142 89 6
54 301 330 130 410 453 X
50 296 304 156 446 460 X
67 320 352 164 420 455 911142 6 o o o ~
66 325 366 132 404 442 x 74 320 360 144 434 449 X
66 299 367 130 450 480 X
64plusmn13 313plusmn20 344plusmn26 IS0plusmn17 43lplusmn2i 466plusmn19 S8plusmn29 41S 948plusmn38
11lJ 6111 5314H 22)l 22)1
bull bull
bull bullbull
17
mliWl1llJ1N1j~~W1IJVi 9 iIJ11fllJ 2541 ~lJg~1IJVi 12 lJml1llJ 2542 1j1~1ltn1J
~IJ 1lfl1J11iI lb flIJ ltfllWJ flyj ~H ffll11fllilUj l~flUWiilllJ1flgflfl hlifhJf11jlJ1~11iijllflMru tniSlJlfl
fl111liillWlfllgflflh 1jdlfl IJ~flfl1~VIflmHVi 1 1m 2 IIlJlf)11illltnlflliIlV 529plusmn36 flilJ fl11lJ
fl1HmgJ 4QplusmnO1 l1IJilllJltfll fl11lJtJ11mgu 66plusmnO11l1IJilllJltfl1 1lJll11iflli~V 524plusmn21 flllJ fl1111
fl1l~Ii~V 40plusmnO1 1l1IJ~lJfll ml11Ul1m~1J 67plusmn01 l1IJ~lJltfl1lI1lJ-i1~U lJtjVJflyjl)~IlZiJyjl)~ 1)1f11ft1lI)IJI)~UIllJI)~lI1f11fl1vlIJ1lllltlilJl1~ rll)~~ iJli1mru 24 ~i1l~ IIMll1f11Il1VlJIl~~W1 IflfllIJ ~ timiii~i1rll)IJ ~iUfl11IlfflJvflilflfl1Jllifhlflj liitnl1lJliwliatlfl jiflJ qUl11~1IJh~lgfl
ltlJ jll11 hjlt~~~1fhIJlifl~~~(raquo1gfllI)fJilui11~lJtiI)WflliltJli1~1IVIl)fl iIJ Ilflfl1JVIfllltN~ 1
mjl~h liVlmlTll1IJ 2 UU 1IJ~flfl11V1fl1ll~~ 2 UUIWlUYlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 UU 1IJllflfl11V1flIHI~~ 1 Uti11i1 tiYlfl~TIl1IJ 2uU 1IJ~flfl11V1flntNVi 2 util~huVlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 uti Illl11iflllI)~HI~l (y) Vi)~1f1fl11
1Hjlll~til1IJili~ 2 lflfl11V101ntl~ ~11l1IJ 14 mi 5111 136 vltN il111111fflJI1mlilllJltflHfltlthmXfI
4 ltl 2 i _I dIJl~llJIIW1j (x) 0l1lJfflJfl11fltJ y = L8773x+21682 R = 06008 IIffVil~ lJllJrl 7 unOll1HVI 34
80
60 ~ ~ -~ c 40
r y ~ 1amp113x + 2l682
~i 20 R =06008
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IllH IlmhlIJl(nn)
ltili 7 fl11lJUlJI1m11wiwihmrfl Ii I~ lflIJIllt11ifllUMlJtlfil11ltJ~hHlJfl
ltC lt
I ll
(11m~J 3 U11~1lit~mftUU1~lm~lliwml)0illO1li U)~Ull~uiYil1l1ft)~~J~~w~mmlll~lJ1nlJU~ tllq 1 1U
~ UlJI1tl1j 1li1~1 f1l1ll1
bullbull ~ bullbull ~ bullbull ~ tllWWO O~H em Ul11Ufl O~l~ 1111 IllllUfl fl1H fin
(00) ( lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ)
170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
OJ
164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
IllftfJ 167plusmn15 445plusmn18 476plusmn15 529plusmn36 40plusmn01 66plusmn01 308plusmn32 49+02 53+02
~
eo ~
bull JO
mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
~ UlJWWl i~~l )111911bull
~bull bullbull bull~
Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
iliVJft
48+02
1liVJft
5lplusmnO3
co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
~lU1llilh (y) ~i~mf1fl1j1Nl~IJJ~1iilfli~ 2 l~flWIlIltJ~ tllflUlli91l 14 u1i bull
11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
()
E
20
~ ~ gt ~
i ~
15
10
5
0
y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
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21
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23
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bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
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1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
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flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
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~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
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3
BREEDING OF PAINTED BATAGUR TERRAPIN
Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844)
Wonnat Hirunchulha Chaiyaphum Inland Fisheries Station Chaturat Chaiyaphum Province 36130
Chaiwat Ratanadadas Phattalung Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center Muang Phattalung
Province 93000 Sovakhon Roungrung
Chortip Jaroonsak Satun Inland Fisheries Station La-ngu Satun Province 91110
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study was done to evaluate effect of vitamin E on breeding on Painted Batagur Terrapin Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844) Experiment was conducted in two 20x30 m ponds at Satun Inland Fisheries station From August 1998 to September 1999 Broodstocks were stocked (14 pairspond) and fed with minced trash fish Amblygaster clupeoides mixed with Ipomea aquatica (1 1 by weight) at 2 of body weight daily Vitamin E at the rate of 200 mg per kilogram of food was supplemented to the animals for one pond while the other was not
Results revealed that wild broodstocks collected around the mouth of La-ngu canal La-ngu Satun Province female turtle was normally bigger than male Mating season started from October to early December Egg laying was at night from December to January Eight female spawned for vitamin E-fed group while only 6 female spawned in control group Average agg numbers were 88plusmn29 and 104plusmn 43 eggsfemale and size of 524plusmn21 and 529plusmn36 gm in weight 40plusmn01 and 40plusmn01 cm in width and 67plusmn01 and 66101 cm in length respectively Hatching time was 88-99 days at 268-318 degc of sand temperature Young cub had average weight of 281126 and 308plusmn32 gm with 415 and 458 hatching rate respectively Both survival rate were 100 No significant differences between adding and non adding vitamin E on feed
8
Key words Painted Batagur Terrapin Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844) breeding
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Igll Ul11n4iJl~1J~1U1U 4 ~ll illl11111lilala~1111~if~afiUtln1(Ji1~~ 4~1Jflmiddotht~11l1VfillliJ1i1 l5flllwmli1a~ ilmIi1M11l54 (shield) 37 UNU tI~flall~0mta~fla1~~ (neural shield) 5
IINll mli1al~lIJl1n~ (costal shield) oi1~1l 4 IINll mmmSllIJMlil (marginal shield) ffl~tl
II Nll m~s~mila1lUl1N (supracaudal shield) ffHIlt I IINll mli1tHrl1U~fili1fill1i1 (nuchal
shield) iJlllllillgfl mli1a~~lUllUl1lljll~fl 1 (keel) ifmiia~tlaUllllali1ull1flIlHII1 rl1UmilS~
~luVla~ (plastron) lhflall~vmiI6~rlU~filln1Jtla (gular shield) ilUU1ilI~fl 2 IINU mils~ ll1nwUll1Ul (humeral shield) 2 IlNIJ mils~ri1IJ~fili1nllll111Ul (inguinal shield) 2 mlU
mli1a~ri1Uafl (pectoral shield) 2 lINll mila4ri1uVla~ (abdominal shield) 2 UNU mila~lll
bull bull
c
(keel shield)
m~~fl~i1Ul1~
(costal shield)
(neural shield)
mltllmmJBlflU111~
(supracaudal shield)
10
I1ill] (axillary shield) 2 lUlu m~IINl]~1t11iJl11li~ (femeral shield) 2 miu m~IMihuiIJ
(anal shield) 2 Uf1U 1I1fI~lWpJ~ 2
ltl~ 2 5fl1JtII~~tlll~lHWm~Il~hIJl11i1uNum~1l1ff1Ufill~la~5fl1JtII~lfi1iJ1l1~htlltl iWI~1
122 R111l91fl~11II1I
R11111191 fl~11mh~ IIlll~II lt1 ~1Ilf1nmll1lt11 VIii IJ 1l91 Ill] h 1111 l~lJ1tJ I Illl~n
IJWll Igflfl11ll1In tJI15~n5fljjtllSft~11J2tl1lill11WIiIl IJfl11 IIl1l10J ) Idflll11 alJ fl1l Illlln tJ 1Il1l~~ Ild1W1Jil~t)JViWiilllfllJff1WI151m1I1l1~1W1U 3 Ill] ~Hfllt111 I 1IflIJ tY1W-iHm91IHltlil1lt1 1
UflIJ Ua~lJIlIJm~1l1illlmJ9I1lJlIW11A1IJ1l1m~1l11I1mllIJaflSlJlrlJI1tJJmJafh flllJ11fli1I1l1l
I IV (4 wlOI t ltV 44 IV I d ~ )8IlJ ~ IJ 1 tl N1flIll W1jlJW tW~1tJ tl1WI11lJ1flflJlJlI011 lt1fllltll UUnlJm1 lfflIJ1Utlfltl Il tI tllm fl lt11 IflO1
vi-i~Iilti thlll1nfls11 I11~6U tI11flhllllllilv tI~i11I111~1l11imheJfil] Ifltll111mflfl11IlIliltJ
bull UHtlnl11t1IWflIHtIm~1J1-i iJIJ ff1t1Illlln ~mO1Il1Mlti1fhl114hlifllWfltl1l1nl11t1 lli~ i1iiihh
$I S4 I _~ ~ dV I I Iq 1lt5 bull ~1Cl I11l1-r 11 lJ IIHU ll1l1U IlllflmIJ NU Ilflllt1fltlIltJ m fI 1l1191ClIIHIJ tlJlJl11f1l11t1UtlflIlHtI mftll1
~ihlItlI1jjlltlhlJtlmh~tnfiti IlllliltJ~)j1~iiIJtllA 111qJfl11tllll~ mi~ lA11l1flfli1 ~flihu
IIIltYtlfl11 iiiYJ111~~1U1tltllIlG ff1UI111gmfti ~tJt1mwh~l~jlJti1lJfi1J IflUI11~IilltJflill1lff
~ tlft~1t11tl~ 3 Itll 4
(nuchal shield) (gular shield)
mIIt)~U1I11I11IJ111111
(hurneralshield)
(in~inalshield)
(pectoral shield)
(axillary shield)
m~fl~lhufia~ (abdominal shield)
n~~elU1tuUltt6~
(remeral shield)
m~IINri1u~u (anal shield)
11
IHlil ~ III1~ v
ltl1i 4 iTn~~UlliltlIII1il~Ill~ilJW1lu~mYU III1~IINiiJW1iltllmlioll
12
123 fl11lJnlJWjn1Wi1~fl11lJfr)1~mfIHUtlI1111rfl f111lJVl1mflU~IUI1111rfl
lhtl1JillJL1l~lmlllfl~ihfl11rf111rmil~V 63plusmn14 fntlflflJ mllJfl1l~mOlU~ l11~tJ 312plusmn211lfUilll1fl~ fl1111Vl1fll~J~il~V 343plusmn261lfU~lJfl1 f111mYlJl~Un111h~fI11lJfl11~ m~U~UtlI11lfrflUtl~IltlilJi CW = 14226W+2216 R2 = 07295 l1lf11111fflJiun~wh~
fI11lJll1mf1~NUllUl11rflU1l~Iluiui CL = 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 lfffl~1lJ~tlVl 5
CL= 16962W 23474
R ~ 06247
60
50
40
30
~ 20 CW = 14226W 2216iij
RZ = 0729510
o
0 5 10 15 20 llnninlltnI i(nn
IILWmJJviiUl11rflmnV 154plusmn17 1111lflflJ f111lJfl11~mOlU~illlJ 432plusmn22
lIIUilLlJfl~ fI11lJV11mf1U~III~V 467plusmn17 IIU~lJfl~ tl11lJnlJiu1i~11h~fI11lJfl1NmOltHUll h1rflUNlli~ui CW = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 1I11mllJfflJiut1111h~f111lJVl1
w w 2 q _-ltmOllNUllUl11UflUNlllJIIUlj CL = 07377W+35368 R = 05489 lffOl~ Ullll16
ON 07377x +3536860
R~ 05489
- 50 ~8 ~ 40 ~
~
30 ~
05974 c 20 ~ 10
0
250 5 10 15 20
13
Vlqiim11J f) 11 Nifllfil-liU1lf) 1 n1~ Ii
I AS ~ d ltV j-v a I~ 11l1et~I-I nm Il I~~
d ll1tJ NifllVll-l Ij f)I-I Il~ f) 11H11-1U1l ~ f) 1114111-1 j If114IHJUIImfllJ
d fH
ijI-Iiii61-1nl-l11f1ll1~tJNiflJfiWifiu1uU1limiddotmllJU1i1f) 30-40 l1WiilllW lY1IVli~11tJ11n1-6lJ lt] 1i1 -= _I I 0 q I l ltV J 0 aI I IVli1llJIJHcrlUl1lJlf)VlWI-I 11fflVlillltJ lJNfl1461lf1 1l111111lJf) 1~64IJH1I1~1U1lmII64if11-1 f)UlJ6~ a~1 $ ~ li i w1
l~lVlIflJlJ ll1111lJlJll 30 U11lil4IJI-IfI6lJIVlIflJlI lIIJlIH 4 IINfllf)jilIHtI1I~IJHIII1VlIfIJJII
HlIlHy1 2 ltilmllJ~lJalJ f)j11 a4~l1-1r11l164IVllfliiIJUt11~I6f)IIlJ1ntll1hm16IJ64~mw ff11-1111i iii ~ bull
lilIJ611iJ 4 i 1-1 U 1 Hlti4 ~ 1mlIUllIf~ifV gt111 1l 11JH NIy 1 MH NIVllflilmYi JifJ~611J1ltilNiflJW inULVli
MA ltv d f t 11 ltQ
IlJlJ IlJJ if61lJ11J1lI1ifl-ll1INIllVlIflJJJ~1I1lJ1tl1 5middot10 W1Yl ~lf)I-I WVl1lVll-lllL1lUlJVlUIj If 1-1
tI lti4lti11f 1flW 1M~J111 VliV4i16~iiillnl-l J1111 lJltl1 5 mli4UIJt11l6t1i)1 t1nU61tl1i1~ii timltll111 W vi1lltlJ1l4111l II 1111-11I1l1JUNf) ~14 fit 1 tJ~iilllcenthIi1mh4lI64J1Jil~4~ t1 lt] Jggt1H
bull JJ
t1m4 2 ~4 VllJ11i1Ul~1l iflll1~1-1 IIf1lJJf)lJl il1f)ff11-11JIf ti~ilt1NfflJI-lifil-llff~ il )rtJ1Vli9i1~H ljgt1
66t1 ~lfla1111 IVl If~uiJ IJ fft1 fIi4If gt1lhjh I1I6yi1-1 li64IJ1l41hl-lt1 NIH iJ6W~lJ lI W 111IJJ 461tJ1tf1f
JI w dr dIJ11111lJltll 5-8 ll1UIlUlJm t11NlhlJ1tl1 8-10 ll1UllllJ~1 t11141)1f)NiflJIIW~1gt11111j1llJtIiJlf)lJI-I1 ~ ~ w d ~w w ltI d J w ltlw
llfU nmet I-IIVl6Nilllt1lJ IIJ UllIAll 11l1lJfll1NiflJVll-lljU1lt1lJU11l1lIJUr11iJ IlJNiflJIil-lljf1tMllllii
iQ J w ~ w ltI aK 1 bull 9 ~ ~~6f) If 1t1ill1t11 IfIjV4illtHfl1~NfflJVlUlj1lmllJt~1 ~f11ll1-11UlJU blJ6~lJW111ftVlnJVl1 ~ t1 111 1111 IlJ
ff1lJ11(lNfflJU~fltUutifi11 yj1lui~U4H1Ltiuihhlll-l~V4hll~flJfl11NiflJuili41lNfflJ lui1l111
a III I~I i1 4t OJ dl fit ai~1 I 1 ti d
H lti4 ~ 1fl1ltili 1 I IiflJt111IlUlJuill~ lJltll 1 1~1)lj Utili 11~lJ~UlJ1dn 1~11lilll11J 11flH 111H114114 I lIu 1 lJltll gt11-1 1gt16 W litl11f1lJ fl4ll m 1 rllJ1JI-I l14Yl H tI H Ijll illf) IlJ 1ft 111lllJfl1111 Yl 1J
111111t11 gt1 Vlnetui1i114 I Ii mit~11lfI llltljtllJl11~1 lilJUH 1ft Yl11t11U~UVi lllfl1iR1luolNWI-IU1l
v bullbull bull
1~lJlJff4lJ t~II9imn 2100 bull 0400 1-1 li1~IlIUq~I1i~1114 Iili14IilU4IViJ4IliU 1~lii1ltl1l1tJql11~Ii 1U11il11411il1n4iitl4flW lii6111hi1ii6f)~~114Ili1~UtJ1-11IJ111 n411~ 2 ~-NI~~tIIltJillfl111~lU
t1lti4 iimjtllfffiJ1~f)1llJl1N~1t1lh9i1111lJ11ll 3-5 LlJill m1lliit11l6~HllJlIlJlll 3060 1l11-~llJm ~ ~ ~J l ~ 1 I 1 ~r111llt1JN 20-40 lfU~llJVl1 Illllilllt1WifUIIU1l41fllllCl114lI fttJJt1tltlIJUlllflU6t1U1l1u1lWIl
II
6l t1lJl IJ IllvhN 11i I~11)iiUU1Iii U f166 t1ll lHri61~ IHIYi1llhfJH ril iiUinrIiill f1 lJl tlIfitI 11 llJ
w ~ ~_ ~~I i w1lf)lJtlII~lJ~UUrllJ1lIDIJ~ Ii6ill6~fl1 11IUUIIllt1lJtltlll1t)lJ ~1 ~4mlJl UfI11i1f1lIUil1
lJfi~tl Illi 1 litfi1H1Ii lif~ iJUU-iliJ1~lJmli4~tlYl11J1I~f11llJ1I1t111llJJum T4iJfl II~mJflU 1-Nmt iI bull
Ufl muIf)1I1t111ljll 1tl~1JIlUiJfttl1t11flll J1fltiWUtili1iJI~rl1lJ111111 lt] tlt1f1f~1~Uin~ihfl~6t1 II JI
fl1~t1 lJ 1 H Ii l1il~ J 1fltiuUUlh~fl1I1U 1l ~Ul 111 Illt1N1lt1l1 VI ill1lfi4VllJ11UUI~h1141lin4iYU
~11l1t1 14 gt11
bull bull bull
14
I lt14 d ltaJ jI d ff1UlyenllUJ1JllUTWUfl1HW 158plusmn17 f11nmll ml11f111~f11~ilfJ~tmW 433plusmn2A 1lfUillllil~ Wl111Vl1
m~ilfJ~m~J 469plusmn15 llfU~tuil~ UlivtUlj1Ht 8 ijlFl 14 tilInFlTm~tli 571 lltlfo1u~ ii
~Ii~1U1U 83 vlfJ~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jm~U lOAplusmn43 vlfJ~I1llnJlfil~tltl1111illijUti lyenlff~ihilWiJfl~~J
lIUiiilJl lllffiilJlhhl1ilFl~liu 15Ot17 filnflill ml11f1~mmiltl~mli1J 431plusmn21 lf1J~llJil~
mllJm1m~ilfJ~m~1J 466plusmn19 IfUlIllJII1 llliwUim11i 6 ) IllFl 14 11 tiil~1f11111~H 429
lltlflltUli mli~1U1U 53 vltl~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jIil~1J 88plusmn29 vltl~I1tlltl 8ilnFl1~VlFlllUIi1tm~8nFl1gt 9 ~ W 1 wi0ltlilllJ ~f111tfllJ~Fl1JmlW 458 lfl~ 415 1JtllllfU9l 1l1lJ1IlillJ Ui1iH U1lln~Il I IfI~ 2
lt lti j0
IV V I Illr I II t ~ ~IV M ~ IV I o1i d JJ 2 1l11Htl1 UlllUn frlmn114 m~fi11~lJnm~~J~IJJ~WJUtlWU~ lI1~1mml111 Il ~lU1U lJUll~J1l11m~1lf1lIUil1IJJ~9111nIJllUlI~VII11tl1111t1
1ltV1111111lllJlllmUJ
~ ~
W3WUi UJWUi UltIUI1 fI~l~ ~1l 1l111un fI~l~ 61l l1~~Ii 11ufi3ull ~lU1U llmiluii1 tmllfl 1u~1Ju1J 1~lJLlf1 ~lUll
(l1fl) (lIlJ) (Ji1l) (11fl) (lIlJ) (Jill) ~l1~1i Ii (WtH) (iil) () ~llfl (1u) ll1ii3nl~
iluiil (iil)
90 348 370 170 451 485 1112141 15 10 667 191342 98 10
84 340 370 155 425 460 II 1312141 5 5 1000 201342 97 5
54 292 316 158 428 464 22112141 9 4 444 28342 96 4
40 272 300 160 440 465 II 22112141 7 0 0
42 284 300 160 445 475 X ~
50 300 320 165 446 482 II 2411241 10 2 200 28342 94 2 (J1
70 338 364 132 390 444 X
52 308 328 145 420 463 X
62 316 346 140 392 468 X
54 294 320 202 484 505 II 3012141 18 10 555 21442 93 10
62 320 368 146 422 457 X
86 330 389 162 439 470 II 61142 8 0 0
72 320 361 150 430 450 X
54 301 324 164 450 475 121142 11 7 636 10442 88 7
62plusmn16 31plusmn23 341plusmn29 158plusmn7 433plusmn24 469plusmnJ5 lOAplusmn43 458 943plusmn36
1llJ 8 iil 83 wtH 38ii1 38 iil
c ~ ~
1ij1i1N 2 Jli1iln mllJf1~N Uflm1lJU11m~~ll~lJll~rlmlJI1lJi Jb~nfl1f1U1Ni~~llJ1lJ~Itfl69111f111V1ntlllJ~1IJ1l111mU~lJdl~~Miu1~middotm 1llHlJbJn~1J1miJlJfl
~ ~ Il~IlU~ ttlll1Ull
bull11lH1Jn n~l~ nll Jnnlfl 111~ ~ll 11~H 1u1~U1J ~U1U YlnJilu~1 iJil1JQf1 1UI~U1J jtJn~l ~U1U
(1m) (Ill) (lflJ) (lflJ) (lflJ) ~H1~ l~ (IN) (~1) () ~Ylf1 (1U) 1i~lJ16~
lriU111 (~1)
90 358 380 164 432 469 91214 7 2 286 1813142 99 2
76 326 354 122 390 441 x 73 324 355 160 453 490 13112141 6 4 667 201342 97 4
46 283 300 170 445 475 18112141 11 5 455 2313142 95 5
46 280 308 170 458 497 25112141 10 5 500 2913142 94 5 ~
50 300 320 144 417 445 x 70 328 370 142 44S 475 x 62 314 350 172 440 488 211142 13 6 462 114142 89 6
54 301 330 130 410 453 X
50 296 304 156 446 460 X
67 320 352 164 420 455 911142 6 o o o ~
66 325 366 132 404 442 x 74 320 360 144 434 449 X
66 299 367 130 450 480 X
64plusmn13 313plusmn20 344plusmn26 IS0plusmn17 43lplusmn2i 466plusmn19 S8plusmn29 41S 948plusmn38
11lJ 6111 5314H 22)l 22)1
bull bull
bull bullbull
17
mliWl1llJ1N1j~~W1IJVi 9 iIJ11fllJ 2541 ~lJg~1IJVi 12 lJml1llJ 2542 1j1~1ltn1J
~IJ 1lfl1J11iI lb flIJ ltfllWJ flyj ~H ffll11fllilUj l~flUWiilllJ1flgflfl hlifhJf11jlJ1~11iijllflMru tniSlJlfl
fl111liillWlfllgflflh 1jdlfl IJ~flfl1~VIflmHVi 1 1m 2 IIlJlf)11illltnlflliIlV 529plusmn36 flilJ fl11lJ
fl1HmgJ 4QplusmnO1 l1IJilllJltfll fl11lJtJ11mgu 66plusmnO11l1IJilllJltfl1 1lJll11iflli~V 524plusmn21 flllJ fl1111
fl1l~Ii~V 40plusmnO1 1l1IJ~lJfll ml11Ul1m~1J 67plusmn01 l1IJ~lJltfl1lI1lJ-i1~U lJtjVJflyjl)~IlZiJyjl)~ 1)1f11ft1lI)IJI)~UIllJI)~lI1f11fl1vlIJ1lllltlilJl1~ rll)~~ iJli1mru 24 ~i1l~ IIMll1f11Il1VlJIl~~W1 IflfllIJ ~ timiii~i1rll)IJ ~iUfl11IlfflJvflilflfl1Jllifhlflj liitnl1lJliwliatlfl jiflJ qUl11~1IJh~lgfl
ltlJ jll11 hjlt~~~1fhIJlifl~~~(raquo1gfllI)fJilui11~lJtiI)WflliltJli1~1IVIl)fl iIJ Ilflfl1JVIfllltN~ 1
mjl~h liVlmlTll1IJ 2 UU 1IJ~flfl11V1fl1ll~~ 2 UUIWlUYlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 UU 1IJllflfl11V1flIHI~~ 1 Uti11i1 tiYlfl~TIl1IJ 2uU 1IJ~flfl11V1flntNVi 2 util~huVlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 uti Illl11iflllI)~HI~l (y) Vi)~1f1fl11
1Hjlll~til1IJili~ 2 lflfl11V101ntl~ ~11l1IJ 14 mi 5111 136 vltN il111111fflJI1mlilllJltflHfltlthmXfI
4 ltl 2 i _I dIJl~llJIIW1j (x) 0l1lJfflJfl11fltJ y = L8773x+21682 R = 06008 IIffVil~ lJllJrl 7 unOll1HVI 34
80
60 ~ ~ -~ c 40
r y ~ 1amp113x + 2l682
~i 20 R =06008
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IllH IlmhlIJl(nn)
ltili 7 fl11lJUlJI1m11wiwihmrfl Ii I~ lflIJIllt11ifllUMlJtlfil11ltJ~hHlJfl
ltC lt
I ll
(11m~J 3 U11~1lit~mftUU1~lm~lliwml)0illO1li U)~Ull~uiYil1l1ft)~~J~~w~mmlll~lJ1nlJU~ tllq 1 1U
~ UlJI1tl1j 1li1~1 f1l1ll1
bullbull ~ bullbull ~ bullbull ~ tllWWO O~H em Ul11Ufl O~l~ 1111 IllllUfl fl1H fin
(00) ( lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ)
170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
OJ
164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
IllftfJ 167plusmn15 445plusmn18 476plusmn15 529plusmn36 40plusmn01 66plusmn01 308plusmn32 49+02 53+02
~
eo ~
bull JO
mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
~ UlJWWl i~~l )111911bull
~bull bullbull bull~
Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
iliVJft
48+02
1liVJft
5lplusmnO3
co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
~lU1llilh (y) ~i~mf1fl1j1Nl~IJJ~1iilfli~ 2 l~flWIlIltJ~ tllflUlli91l 14 u1i bull
11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
()
E
20
~ ~ gt ~
i ~
15
10
5
0
y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
~tlll 8 f11111fflJilJlhI1h~hlJ1U 1lil~ ltiull1In1flu1iilJ (WiTiltlftlJl1l1l
jmlhi1flVJfl~lflllii~I~1lJil18 jjUlfllJ 10 lJlIlJlJ 2542 l~lmiddotn 88-99 llJ iI Q A IV ltI Iq
flrulUl1l 268-318 J~flWllmlflff f1111lIJUirlJIfIl1l 802-903 I1JVWlIlJllI (911jl~Il 5)
~ln~1l5 Jml1tliJIIv~IlnJ (Oe) lif111lJnfl 30 lIil~llJ91j 1l1lf1111JiilJirlJill1i() ilJUJYiflill~l ~
I J tV ~ lVitll llml1JlJ
~
(0C) f111lJlfIJ 1JIlllll()
Iifl 268 903
lJfl 282 830
fl Il 305 850 d
1111 306 802
Ill 318 894
llUlI) 296 plusmn20 856 plusmn43
bull bull bull
21
I II Q 4s T r t II I gt1 ~I ltltftill fl1WVIl~lJtJ~ IJUIltYtlHlllVWWVlfllJ1lgiraquo1Hm~tHVIl~HffjVI 3 Ill 4 UlJ1tl1 5-10 1W tJIi~~UI11Jtl tmt1lJOWllTI111 ~f1~hiiWf1~U~1imJ ] mi1IlltliMHhllgtlll ~luwifii~uj
(keel) gt~ll~uU11tf~ iltllim~l~mitlFluulfliim~llHn~uNuIll~lJ mIll~U~nmmiii bull
ll1vihllllltjjlJ~lU1U 3 ItfJU f1lUU1flllHraquoltl~ IllfJU tU11l1l ]ll 1 UfJU Ul1Im1l6l~WllUii laquo4 I I 013 II d II d d QIe l d J 1n14 d ll~1~fl11ll1Uraquo1ltltl flUl IJ tltlUUI1ltllJ1lJ VItHllUl1f1llJ U1HUltmmHU il1tl1tHUl tltlllUU t lJlItflltlgt
t~ml1l(J HlllJl11J-lJlm 08 tlfU9IllJl1Ii
I bull ltII II dl II ltto laquo4 At ltII d ~ fl1111 ill fllJllt Ill fill 1j Il VI1ltlJ I111 Vll M 1 l ttY j lJ 1i111lJ Ul lJ IIU 111 llH II IlLUltl1l
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23
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bull bull
24
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42 llfU~lJ91 fl111Wl1 65-68 lfU~llJfll
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11 Jj ~ _ ~ 1 ~ f 7 fl11lJlIU lt1 lJj VI I 802-903 1JtllllfUIII UlllllV1 ~lflUlJjU1jll1llJ1~nltllM1lflflllV1fllltlUl 1 1Ill
lflflllV1fllltl1~ 2 iiall11flllVlmlJulll 458 1Ill~ 415 l1Ifllollu1 1II1lJlh~lJ tUflflWllfllltl1~ 1 mj
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flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
VIilllfl~ lliI~11tJ1MllVi1HllflllllVluilllilll11J~Ulnilli~ 2 WI iliiifllllitl6111llflllVlmnllIll1I1liVllli
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IlliltlllJfilllilfl1 2 lflf11~Illll~1 itliillllllifla91l1f111111 i uUll69111fll7Vlfl
1 rmfffl1l1fl-J~ihilu f1111jlVlU 1i~ii ~IlH1J1J7lnlJ 111m ullilVlfllu UtlflU fl11iif1Ufffllol1 ~ _ i 1middotmiddot 4 -l ~ ~ JiIf111U1U 1Jnfl Ufl1lllJ~flU L~U flll~1 nlJ M1mmfl~nfl UVIifllJ1Hlm1JiJlJ~WMlJlJllmllJ~Il
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1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
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flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
1L1ilU ljfloWU( 2533 vhM111f1~ ~Tillt1~Ui1f1ifvl1Jll1iJflllitl~rl1U~11J1JlflUVllnfl ffl1llUIJ
i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
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Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
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41 v I 11 ow 141
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fl 11JJdJJVlUJi1 Yl11~1l1YI Iiflf(fllhiiUU1ll IiflIn-iiu (I~lllltJiliU1Ifl 21
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tlilZl1flllt1li1mJlflllffUVltlf ~ri fI11lJlllfl~1~itrh~Wff Wq~f1JllJflllAlfllVltlfm IIi IItl
11Jl1tllflllYlfll flllIl Iltltl1WlVltl -1il1 fltJI~1J11i611~VllJiiilmlJ1Aillflil llJlJl~IiJflliit
fll111i li1lf1lillIlilfl~~ 1 1t1Itll11l1~11J1 (Amblygaster clupeoides) 1J1l At111Hmj~ (Ipomea
aquatica) 1J1l ilmtYlJ 11 11l1J1l111UmltflJ1nillJv 200 iltliifll1J1fll111l 1 filtlfli1I llflllI1lltlIH
ii 2 h~1Itll11li111JUIlAt111i1mj1U1l 1lflntY1tl 11 IllfJlhl1Ufl jtfll11111ueI1l1 2 1Iefc1lJfllJfl4 ~
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Q1Q1 J d11HW IS4plusmn17 fl tlm1l fI1111f11Hm-NlIltlIJ 432plusmn22 1lflJ1111111i 1111111JllflilltHI1tllJ 467plusmn17
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1Ifl11f11111ftl 2100 tllffil ~1l6~ 0400 11lWm ~ltl1tl 14 Ill] 1I~f11jl1fll1fl~~ 1 11~11i~llJ1tl 8 mi
t~1I1WliI~U 104plusmn43 yjtl~1ltlli UlJWl jihl1MUflNIIl~J 529plusmn36 fll11 flllJflJjl~IIl~6 40plusmnO
llflJiitllfli f1l1111J111l~1J 66plusmnOl lltlJ~11Iflj 1lf11jl1Ilfttl~~ 2 l1~ ~llJlU 6 I~ 11~lJ1t1l IIl~~
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~~ w ~ ~ of1J1111ll11J 67plusmnOIlftlflI1lf11 llfl1illY1f111Jtl~l1 88-99 1tl Ilflt1ll1J2l1 268-318 fl~ffllltflllt1Jt1 fI1111lU
2
bull bulliYlJ~VIil 802-903 1lJtlft~I~ ii~lnrmrlm~JlVh 458 Utl 415 nJtlMI~ ~fl~hlhh111rflmiiu
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3
BREEDING OF PAINTED BATAGUR TERRAPIN
Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844)
Wonnat Hirunchulha Chaiyaphum Inland Fisheries Station Chaturat Chaiyaphum Province 36130
Chaiwat Ratanadadas Phattalung Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center Muang Phattalung
Province 93000 Sovakhon Roungrung
Chortip Jaroonsak Satun Inland Fisheries Station La-ngu Satun Province 91110
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study was done to evaluate effect of vitamin E on breeding on Painted Batagur Terrapin Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844) Experiment was conducted in two 20x30 m ponds at Satun Inland Fisheries station From August 1998 to September 1999 Broodstocks were stocked (14 pairspond) and fed with minced trash fish Amblygaster clupeoides mixed with Ipomea aquatica (1 1 by weight) at 2 of body weight daily Vitamin E at the rate of 200 mg per kilogram of food was supplemented to the animals for one pond while the other was not
Results revealed that wild broodstocks collected around the mouth of La-ngu canal La-ngu Satun Province female turtle was normally bigger than male Mating season started from October to early December Egg laying was at night from December to January Eight female spawned for vitamin E-fed group while only 6 female spawned in control group Average agg numbers were 88plusmn29 and 104plusmn 43 eggsfemale and size of 524plusmn21 and 529plusmn36 gm in weight 40plusmn01 and 40plusmn01 cm in width and 67plusmn01 and 66101 cm in length respectively Hatching time was 88-99 days at 268-318 degc of sand temperature Young cub had average weight of 281126 and 308plusmn32 gm with 415 and 458 hatching rate respectively Both survival rate were 100 No significant differences between adding and non adding vitamin E on feed
8
Key words Painted Batagur Terrapin Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844) breeding
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8
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121 l5flgtlwihl tI
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II Nll m~s~mila1lUl1N (supracaudal shield) ffHIlt I IINll mli1tHrl1U~fili1fill1i1 (nuchal
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m~~fl~i1Ul1~
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(neural shield)
mltllmmJBlflU111~
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~ihlItlI1jjlltlhlJtlmh~tnfiti IlllliltJ~)j1~iiIJtllA 111qJfl11tllll~ mi~ lA11l1flfli1 ~flihu
IIIltYtlfl11 iiiYJ111~~1U1tltllIlG ff1UI111gmfti ~tJt1mwh~l~jlJti1lJfi1J IflUI11~IilltJflill1lff
~ tlft~1t11tl~ 3 Itll 4
(nuchal shield) (gular shield)
mIIt)~U1I11I11IJ111111
(hurneralshield)
(in~inalshield)
(pectoral shield)
(axillary shield)
m~fl~lhufia~ (abdominal shield)
n~~elU1tuUltt6~
(remeral shield)
m~IINri1u~u (anal shield)
11
IHlil ~ III1~ v
ltl1i 4 iTn~~UlliltlIII1il~Ill~ilJW1lu~mYU III1~IINiiJW1iltllmlioll
12
123 fl11lJnlJWjn1Wi1~fl11lJfr)1~mfIHUtlI1111rfl f111lJVl1mflU~IUI1111rfl
lhtl1JillJL1l~lmlllfl~ihfl11rf111rmil~V 63plusmn14 fntlflflJ mllJfl1l~mOlU~ l11~tJ 312plusmn211lfUilll1fl~ fl1111Vl1fll~J~il~V 343plusmn261lfU~lJfl1 f111mYlJl~Un111h~fI11lJfl11~ m~U~UtlI11lfrflUtl~IltlilJi CW = 14226W+2216 R2 = 07295 l1lf11111fflJiun~wh~
fI11lJll1mf1~NUllUl11rflU1l~Iluiui CL = 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 lfffl~1lJ~tlVl 5
CL= 16962W 23474
R ~ 06247
60
50
40
30
~ 20 CW = 14226W 2216iij
RZ = 0729510
o
0 5 10 15 20 llnninlltnI i(nn
IILWmJJviiUl11rflmnV 154plusmn17 1111lflflJ f111lJfl11~mOlU~illlJ 432plusmn22
lIIUilLlJfl~ fI11lJV11mf1U~III~V 467plusmn17 IIU~lJfl~ tl11lJnlJiu1i~11h~fI11lJfl1NmOltHUll h1rflUNlli~ui CW = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 1I11mllJfflJiut1111h~f111lJVl1
w w 2 q _-ltmOllNUllUl11UflUNlllJIIUlj CL = 07377W+35368 R = 05489 lffOl~ Ullll16
ON 07377x +3536860
R~ 05489
- 50 ~8 ~ 40 ~
~
30 ~
05974 c 20 ~ 10
0
250 5 10 15 20
13
Vlqiim11J f) 11 Nifllfil-liU1lf) 1 n1~ Ii
I AS ~ d ltV j-v a I~ 11l1et~I-I nm Il I~~
d ll1tJ NifllVll-l Ij f)I-I Il~ f) 11H11-1U1l ~ f) 1114111-1 j If114IHJUIImfllJ
d fH
ijI-Iiii61-1nl-l11f1ll1~tJNiflJfiWifiu1uU1limiddotmllJU1i1f) 30-40 l1WiilllW lY1IVli~11tJ11n1-6lJ lt] 1i1 -= _I I 0 q I l ltV J 0 aI I IVli1llJIJHcrlUl1lJlf)VlWI-I 11fflVlillltJ lJNfl1461lf1 1l111111lJf) 1~64IJH1I1~1U1lmII64if11-1 f)UlJ6~ a~1 $ ~ li i w1
l~lVlIflJlJ ll1111lJlJll 30 U11lil4IJI-IfI6lJIVlIflJlI lIIJlIH 4 IINfllf)jilIHtI1I~IJHIII1VlIfIJJII
HlIlHy1 2 ltilmllJ~lJalJ f)j11 a4~l1-1r11l164IVllfliiIJUt11~I6f)IIlJ1ntll1hm16IJ64~mw ff11-1111i iii ~ bull
lilIJ611iJ 4 i 1-1 U 1 Hlti4 ~ 1mlIUllIf~ifV gt111 1l 11JH NIy 1 MH NIVllflilmYi JifJ~611J1ltilNiflJW inULVli
MA ltv d f t 11 ltQ
IlJlJ IlJJ if61lJ11J1lI1ifl-ll1INIllVlIflJJJ~1I1lJ1tl1 5middot10 W1Yl ~lf)I-I WVl1lVll-lllL1lUlJVlUIj If 1-1
tI lti4lti11f 1flW 1M~J111 VliV4i16~iiillnl-l J1111 lJltl1 5 mli4UIJt11l6t1i)1 t1nU61tl1i1~ii timltll111 W vi1lltlJ1l4111l II 1111-11I1l1JUNf) ~14 fit 1 tJ~iilllcenthIi1mh4lI64J1Jil~4~ t1 lt] Jggt1H
bull JJ
t1m4 2 ~4 VllJ11i1Ul~1l iflll1~1-1 IIf1lJJf)lJl il1f)ff11-11JIf ti~ilt1NfflJI-lifil-llff~ il )rtJ1Vli9i1~H ljgt1
66t1 ~lfla1111 IVl If~uiJ IJ fft1 fIi4If gt1lhjh I1I6yi1-1 li64IJ1l41hl-lt1 NIH iJ6W~lJ lI W 111IJJ 461tJ1tf1f
JI w dr dIJ11111lJltll 5-8 ll1UIlUlJm t11NlhlJ1tl1 8-10 ll1UllllJ~1 t11141)1f)NiflJIIW~1gt11111j1llJtIiJlf)lJI-I1 ~ ~ w d ~w w ltI d J w ltlw
llfU nmet I-IIVl6Nilllt1lJ IIJ UllIAll 11l1lJfll1NiflJVll-lljU1lt1lJU11l1lIJUr11iJ IlJNiflJIil-lljf1tMllllii
iQ J w ~ w ltI aK 1 bull 9 ~ ~~6f) If 1t1ill1t11 IfIjV4illtHfl1~NfflJVlUlj1lmllJt~1 ~f11ll1-11UlJU blJ6~lJW111ftVlnJVl1 ~ t1 111 1111 IlJ
ff1lJ11(lNfflJU~fltUutifi11 yj1lui~U4H1Ltiuihhlll-l~V4hll~flJfl11NiflJuili41lNfflJ lui1l111
a III I~I i1 4t OJ dl fit ai~1 I 1 ti d
H lti4 ~ 1fl1ltili 1 I IiflJt111IlUlJuill~ lJltll 1 1~1)lj Utili 11~lJ~UlJ1dn 1~11lilll11J 11flH 111H114114 I lIu 1 lJltll gt11-1 1gt16 W litl11f1lJ fl4ll m 1 rllJ1JI-I l14Yl H tI H Ijll illf) IlJ 1ft 111lllJfl1111 Yl 1J
111111t11 gt1 Vlnetui1i114 I Ii mit~11lfI llltljtllJl11~1 lilJUH 1ft Yl11t11U~UVi lllfl1iR1luolNWI-IU1l
v bullbull bull
1~lJlJff4lJ t~II9imn 2100 bull 0400 1-1 li1~IlIUq~I1i~1114 Iili14IilU4IViJ4IliU 1~lii1ltl1l1tJql11~Ii 1U11il11411il1n4iitl4flW lii6111hi1ii6f)~~114Ili1~UtJ1-11IJ111 n411~ 2 ~-NI~~tIIltJillfl111~lU
t1lti4 iimjtllfffiJ1~f)1llJl1N~1t1lh9i1111lJ11ll 3-5 LlJill m1lliit11l6~HllJlIlJlll 3060 1l11-~llJm ~ ~ ~J l ~ 1 I 1 ~r111llt1JN 20-40 lfU~llJVl1 Illllilllt1WifUIIU1l41fllllCl114lI fttJJt1tltlIJUlllflU6t1U1l1u1lWIl
II
6l t1lJl IJ IllvhN 11i I~11)iiUU1Iii U f166 t1ll lHri61~ IHIYi1llhfJH ril iiUinrIiill f1 lJl tlIfitI 11 llJ
w ~ ~_ ~~I i w1lf)lJtlII~lJ~UUrllJ1lIDIJ~ Ii6ill6~fl1 11IUUIIllt1lJtltlll1t)lJ ~1 ~4mlJl UfI11i1f1lIUil1
lJfi~tl Illi 1 litfi1H1Ii lif~ iJUU-iliJ1~lJmli4~tlYl11J1I~f11llJ1I1t111llJJum T4iJfl II~mJflU 1-Nmt iI bull
Ufl muIf)1I1t111ljll 1tl~1JIlUiJfttl1t11flll J1fltiWUtili1iJI~rl1lJ111111 lt] tlt1f1f~1~Uin~ihfl~6t1 II JI
fl1~t1 lJ 1 H Ii l1il~ J 1fltiuUUlh~fl1I1U 1l ~Ul 111 Illt1N1lt1l1 VI ill1lfi4VllJ11UUI~h1141lin4iYU
~11l1t1 14 gt11
bull bull bull
14
I lt14 d ltaJ jI d ff1UlyenllUJ1JllUTWUfl1HW 158plusmn17 f11nmll ml11f111~f11~ilfJ~tmW 433plusmn2A 1lfUillllil~ Wl111Vl1
m~ilfJ~m~J 469plusmn15 llfU~tuil~ UlivtUlj1Ht 8 ijlFl 14 tilInFlTm~tli 571 lltlfo1u~ ii
~Ii~1U1U 83 vlfJ~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jm~U lOAplusmn43 vlfJ~I1llnJlfil~tltl1111illijUti lyenlff~ihilWiJfl~~J
lIUiiilJl lllffiilJlhhl1ilFl~liu 15Ot17 filnflill ml11f1~mmiltl~mli1J 431plusmn21 lf1J~llJil~
mllJm1m~ilfJ~m~1J 466plusmn19 IfUlIllJII1 llliwUim11i 6 ) IllFl 14 11 tiil~1f11111~H 429
lltlflltUli mli~1U1U 53 vltl~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jIil~1J 88plusmn29 vltl~I1tlltl 8ilnFl1~VlFlllUIi1tm~8nFl1gt 9 ~ W 1 wi0ltlilllJ ~f111tfllJ~Fl1JmlW 458 lfl~ 415 1JtllllfU9l 1l1lJ1IlillJ Ui1iH U1lln~Il I IfI~ 2
lt lti j0
IV V I Illr I II t ~ ~IV M ~ IV I o1i d JJ 2 1l11Htl1 UlllUn frlmn114 m~fi11~lJnm~~J~IJJ~WJUtlWU~ lI1~1mml111 Il ~lU1U lJUll~J1l11m~1lf1lIUil1IJJ~9111nIJllUlI~VII11tl1111t1
1ltV1111111lllJlllmUJ
~ ~
W3WUi UJWUi UltIUI1 fI~l~ ~1l 1l111un fI~l~ 61l l1~~Ii 11ufi3ull ~lU1U llmiluii1 tmllfl 1u~1Ju1J 1~lJLlf1 ~lUll
(l1fl) (lIlJ) (Ji1l) (11fl) (lIlJ) (Jill) ~l1~1i Ii (WtH) (iil) () ~llfl (1u) ll1ii3nl~
iluiil (iil)
90 348 370 170 451 485 1112141 15 10 667 191342 98 10
84 340 370 155 425 460 II 1312141 5 5 1000 201342 97 5
54 292 316 158 428 464 22112141 9 4 444 28342 96 4
40 272 300 160 440 465 II 22112141 7 0 0
42 284 300 160 445 475 X ~
50 300 320 165 446 482 II 2411241 10 2 200 28342 94 2 (J1
70 338 364 132 390 444 X
52 308 328 145 420 463 X
62 316 346 140 392 468 X
54 294 320 202 484 505 II 3012141 18 10 555 21442 93 10
62 320 368 146 422 457 X
86 330 389 162 439 470 II 61142 8 0 0
72 320 361 150 430 450 X
54 301 324 164 450 475 121142 11 7 636 10442 88 7
62plusmn16 31plusmn23 341plusmn29 158plusmn7 433plusmn24 469plusmnJ5 lOAplusmn43 458 943plusmn36
1llJ 8 iil 83 wtH 38ii1 38 iil
c ~ ~
1ij1i1N 2 Jli1iln mllJf1~N Uflm1lJU11m~~ll~lJll~rlmlJI1lJi Jb~nfl1f1U1Ni~~llJ1lJ~Itfl69111f111V1ntlllJ~1IJ1l111mU~lJdl~~Miu1~middotm 1llHlJbJn~1J1miJlJfl
~ ~ Il~IlU~ ttlll1Ull
bull11lH1Jn n~l~ nll Jnnlfl 111~ ~ll 11~H 1u1~U1J ~U1U YlnJilu~1 iJil1JQf1 1UI~U1J jtJn~l ~U1U
(1m) (Ill) (lflJ) (lflJ) (lflJ) ~H1~ l~ (IN) (~1) () ~Ylf1 (1U) 1i~lJ16~
lriU111 (~1)
90 358 380 164 432 469 91214 7 2 286 1813142 99 2
76 326 354 122 390 441 x 73 324 355 160 453 490 13112141 6 4 667 201342 97 4
46 283 300 170 445 475 18112141 11 5 455 2313142 95 5
46 280 308 170 458 497 25112141 10 5 500 2913142 94 5 ~
50 300 320 144 417 445 x 70 328 370 142 44S 475 x 62 314 350 172 440 488 211142 13 6 462 114142 89 6
54 301 330 130 410 453 X
50 296 304 156 446 460 X
67 320 352 164 420 455 911142 6 o o o ~
66 325 366 132 404 442 x 74 320 360 144 434 449 X
66 299 367 130 450 480 X
64plusmn13 313plusmn20 344plusmn26 IS0plusmn17 43lplusmn2i 466plusmn19 S8plusmn29 41S 948plusmn38
11lJ 6111 5314H 22)l 22)1
bull bull
bull bullbull
17
mliWl1llJ1N1j~~W1IJVi 9 iIJ11fllJ 2541 ~lJg~1IJVi 12 lJml1llJ 2542 1j1~1ltn1J
~IJ 1lfl1J11iI lb flIJ ltfllWJ flyj ~H ffll11fllilUj l~flUWiilllJ1flgflfl hlifhJf11jlJ1~11iijllflMru tniSlJlfl
fl111liillWlfllgflflh 1jdlfl IJ~flfl1~VIflmHVi 1 1m 2 IIlJlf)11illltnlflliIlV 529plusmn36 flilJ fl11lJ
fl1HmgJ 4QplusmnO1 l1IJilllJltfll fl11lJtJ11mgu 66plusmnO11l1IJilllJltfl1 1lJll11iflli~V 524plusmn21 flllJ fl1111
fl1l~Ii~V 40plusmnO1 1l1IJ~lJfll ml11Ul1m~1J 67plusmn01 l1IJ~lJltfl1lI1lJ-i1~U lJtjVJflyjl)~IlZiJyjl)~ 1)1f11ft1lI)IJI)~UIllJI)~lI1f11fl1vlIJ1lllltlilJl1~ rll)~~ iJli1mru 24 ~i1l~ IIMll1f11Il1VlJIl~~W1 IflfllIJ ~ timiii~i1rll)IJ ~iUfl11IlfflJvflilflfl1Jllifhlflj liitnl1lJliwliatlfl jiflJ qUl11~1IJh~lgfl
ltlJ jll11 hjlt~~~1fhIJlifl~~~(raquo1gfllI)fJilui11~lJtiI)WflliltJli1~1IVIl)fl iIJ Ilflfl1JVIfllltN~ 1
mjl~h liVlmlTll1IJ 2 UU 1IJ~flfl11V1fl1ll~~ 2 UUIWlUYlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 UU 1IJllflfl11V1flIHI~~ 1 Uti11i1 tiYlfl~TIl1IJ 2uU 1IJ~flfl11V1flntNVi 2 util~huVlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 uti Illl11iflllI)~HI~l (y) Vi)~1f1fl11
1Hjlll~til1IJili~ 2 lflfl11V101ntl~ ~11l1IJ 14 mi 5111 136 vltN il111111fflJI1mlilllJltflHfltlthmXfI
4 ltl 2 i _I dIJl~llJIIW1j (x) 0l1lJfflJfl11fltJ y = L8773x+21682 R = 06008 IIffVil~ lJllJrl 7 unOll1HVI 34
80
60 ~ ~ -~ c 40
r y ~ 1amp113x + 2l682
~i 20 R =06008
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IllH IlmhlIJl(nn)
ltili 7 fl11lJUlJI1m11wiwihmrfl Ii I~ lflIJIllt11ifllUMlJtlfil11ltJ~hHlJfl
ltC lt
I ll
(11m~J 3 U11~1lit~mftUU1~lm~lliwml)0illO1li U)~Ull~uiYil1l1ft)~~J~~w~mmlll~lJ1nlJU~ tllq 1 1U
~ UlJI1tl1j 1li1~1 f1l1ll1
bullbull ~ bullbull ~ bullbull ~ tllWWO O~H em Ul11Ufl O~l~ 1111 IllllUfl fl1H fin
(00) ( lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ)
170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
OJ
164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
IllftfJ 167plusmn15 445plusmn18 476plusmn15 529plusmn36 40plusmn01 66plusmn01 308plusmn32 49+02 53+02
~
eo ~
bull JO
mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
~ UlJWWl i~~l )111911bull
~bull bullbull bull~
Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
iliVJft
48+02
1liVJft
5lplusmnO3
co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
~lU1llilh (y) ~i~mf1fl1j1Nl~IJJ~1iilfli~ 2 l~flWIlIltJ~ tllflUlli91l 14 u1i bull
11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
()
E
20
~ ~ gt ~
i ~
15
10
5
0
y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
~tlll 8 f11111fflJilJlhI1h~hlJ1U 1lil~ ltiull1In1flu1iilJ (WiTiltlftlJl1l1l
jmlhi1flVJfl~lflllii~I~1lJil18 jjUlfllJ 10 lJlIlJlJ 2542 l~lmiddotn 88-99 llJ iI Q A IV ltI Iq
flrulUl1l 268-318 J~flWllmlflff f1111lIJUirlJIfIl1l 802-903 I1JVWlIlJllI (911jl~Il 5)
~ln~1l5 Jml1tliJIIv~IlnJ (Oe) lif111lJnfl 30 lIil~llJ91j 1l1lf1111JiilJirlJill1i() ilJUJYiflill~l ~
I J tV ~ lVitll llml1JlJ
~
(0C) f111lJlfIJ 1JIlllll()
Iifl 268 903
lJfl 282 830
fl Il 305 850 d
1111 306 802
Ill 318 894
llUlI) 296 plusmn20 856 plusmn43
bull bull bull
21
I II Q 4s T r t II I gt1 ~I ltltftill fl1WVIl~lJtJ~ IJUIltYtlHlllVWWVlfllJ1lgiraquo1Hm~tHVIl~HffjVI 3 Ill 4 UlJ1tl1 5-10 1W tJIi~~UI11Jtl tmt1lJOWllTI111 ~f1~hiiWf1~U~1imJ ] mi1IlltliMHhllgtlll ~luwifii~uj
(keel) gt~ll~uU11tf~ iltllim~l~mitlFluulfliim~llHn~uNuIll~lJ mIll~U~nmmiii bull
ll1vihllllltjjlJ~lU1U 3 ItfJU f1lUU1flllHraquoltl~ IllfJU tU11l1l ]ll 1 UfJU Ul1Im1l6l~WllUii laquo4 I I 013 II d II d d QIe l d J 1n14 d ll~1~fl11ll1Uraquo1ltltl flUl IJ tltlUUI1ltllJ1lJ VItHllUl1f1llJ U1HUltmmHU il1tl1tHUl tltlllUU t lJlItflltlgt
t~ml1l(J HlllJl11J-lJlm 08 tlfU9IllJl1Ii
I bull ltII II dl II ltto laquo4 At ltII d ~ fl1111 ill fllJllt Ill fill 1j Il VI1ltlJ I111 Vll M 1 l ttY j lJ 1i111lJ Ul lJ IIU 111 llH II IlLUltl1l
ltV v d ltr d 3R8plusmn32 flilJ fl11lJfl11lm1l6tUltlIJ 49plusmnO2 llUl1ItlJIl Ull1J11lJIJ11mI1lltUlllJ 53plusmnO2
bull tI bull
1IfW~tlJi1Ij 1i1WI1VitnJl~1(J61H1i littYllJ1i111iiugiiIJU 11llllMtlflIIInJ 281plusmn26 fl~lJ f111lJfl ~H d lo cl ltV
milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
Itlv191W~hl 2 1gt1fl1HlltlltH 1i1WU1Htlfllfll~h (y) ~lU1W 60 ii iUU111tlflIJtHluJ~h (x) iiflllJ
~ ~ ~ 2 i oJlllJflUfiIgt1ltYlJflli y= L5452x+40918 R = 05058 ttY U~lJ1l9
40
35
30 TI S 25 rsect c 20 j 15
F 10
5
0
0
rbull y~ LS4S2+40918
R~ OSOSS 6
255 15 201deg - m ~ U1~lifitU 11 (nn)
22
_I 11 1 Iflln1J1UHu1~fl11U0~lm1l11J11IUlu~
- r QJ r
1l [)tll6~61flU1l~m~IVlim~illl bull bull Sf
ntlVi6gmffl1II11l1U~tl1l~01ffJil~lJ1mlllhfd6UlhfUUhhl1l~hiT~Il1l6~lI~S VllJ
1J~1ruthtllti~IJ6~lhflll6~Viihiliif)i1f)Wru~U11tl ihmmJflJlJ lftl ~UlJiii6 illfl t1113 l1lJlIlI~ f bulllfl~flH )j61J61ffl6~ltlU1llllJYltI~6~U lUlId1UU11m~lJflIJtllJ1111Vl~lJtlrll1h 1161JntJ~mlll ~Vi
~I d ~ I ok d de x l q IIGI
lIlllJIJ1 Im~f)tl1JlI1IJln~mf) IJ~ 11ilfJ l 1mllUl~mfnJtl 1 lJtllJ1lJtlVltJ~tlIilVl11l11llll~milfI~
1IgtIgtllIlI1tlqt1f1lll11~ lilll1Jtl1uVl1J11lmtlmlltnil~u lJ1~U 11 fl6~fl~il~timhwf)~ltltIlJ flf1~16fllt1f)WtUII6~)j1~ (2543) i1V~ltlhIll1ml9itldlfll1ltl1II1Vi61fffJ6yitlU1niillJ Umli~VllJhv
tl1~1lJ1ltlutiuliim~llllitlutlftUillffVilrJltlll1~fl ImNutaphand (1979) 11l~ltjhlllll11fJ 9i tl1l fl11 tltfll1Vi111l1fll flqtyWtl i fllfll1J1nru111fUuihu1l11ti~1lll6~U1iTflVi~fllt1f)W ru~1 flll1J
nh1lfl
mUVljmlfJIJ6~(lhll1l~lu1Jgtlltli~111gt1t1~lI Vl1JlUvn~ f1l16~lIJ ltllI~~ lit6~ ~ 1flflll6~ ll~ ~ djltlflll6~YiiiIJtl1ll 11t)) ii~tlU1j) lflij~111llgtl1~lIl1~i~111~WV1~tll~iimlllll11lJ1flflh
A d lt) a a lt) ~ I A 5ff 0 d 1lll6~6t1 1 VllJUVl1llllllJlIlI~ ll11JJlf1lItVl~m~llllJlIu1fltll tl6~1l1m1JtIllllJlIYI6~llflllm tI6fl
f1~6~fllJ11 IlU (2533) i 1l~1tlhtl Il ~1JtlVlU1II1l11l~ tll1JflVllJltVl1m iI1lllIflJ1l1tllJ11101IllflUl
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23
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CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
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24
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11 Jj ~ _ ~ 1 ~ f 7 fl11lJlIU lt1 lJj VI I 802-903 1JtllllfUIII UlllllV1 ~lflUlJjU1jll1llJ1~nltllM1lflflllV1fllltlUl 1 1Ill
lflflllV1fllltl1~ 2 iiall11flllVlmlJulll 458 1Ill~ 415 l1Ifllollu1 1II1lJlh~lJ tUflflWllfllltl1~ 1 mj
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flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
VIilllfl~ lliI~11tJ1MllVi1HllflllllVluilllilll11J~Ulnilli~ 2 WI iliiifllllitl6111llflllVlmnllIll1I1liVllli
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1 rmfffl1l1fl-J~ihilu f1111jlVlU 1i~ii ~IlH1J1J7lnlJ 111m ullilVlfllu UtlflU fl11iif1Ufffllol1 ~ _ i 1middotmiddot 4 -l ~ ~ JiIf111U1U 1Jnfl Ufl1lllJ~flU L~U flll~1 nlJ M1mmfl~nfl UVIifllJ1Hlm1JiJlJ~WMlJlJllmllJ~Il
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1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
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flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
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i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
d tI~ ltI ~ 11gt ~ 1i(1lJti rllllt11~f VUUIlI rJllmiddotHlI~f 1i(Iln lllJUJllI1lI un mlln JfllJflW1U1Vl 2533 fllll1fllll
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lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
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~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
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tlilZl1flllt1li1mJlflllffUVltlf ~ri fI11lJlllfl~1~itrh~Wff Wq~f1JllJflllAlfllVltlfm IIi IItl
11Jl1tllflllYlfll flllIl Iltltl1WlVltl -1il1 fltJI~1J11i611~VllJiiilmlJ1Aillflil llJlJl~IiJflliit
fll111i li1lf1lillIlilfl~~ 1 1t1Itll11l1~11J1 (Amblygaster clupeoides) 1J1l At111Hmj~ (Ipomea
aquatica) 1J1l ilmtYlJ 11 11l1J1l111UmltflJ1nillJv 200 iltliifll1J1fll111l 1 filtlfli1I llflllI1lltlIH
ii 2 h~1Itll11li111JUIlAt111i1mj1U1l 1lflntY1tl 11 IllfJlhl1Ufl jtfll11111ueI1l1 2 1Iefc1lJfllJfl4 ~
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Q1Q1 J d11HW IS4plusmn17 fl tlm1l fI1111f11Hm-NlIltlIJ 432plusmn22 1lflJ1111111i 1111111JllflilltHI1tllJ 467plusmn17
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t~1I1WliI~U 104plusmn43 yjtl~1ltlli UlJWl jihl1MUflNIIl~J 529plusmn36 fll11 flllJflJjl~IIl~6 40plusmnO
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2
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3
BREEDING OF PAINTED BATAGUR TERRAPIN
Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844)
Wonnat Hirunchulha Chaiyaphum Inland Fisheries Station Chaturat Chaiyaphum Province 36130
Chaiwat Ratanadadas Phattalung Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center Muang Phattalung
Province 93000 Sovakhon Roungrung
Chortip Jaroonsak Satun Inland Fisheries Station La-ngu Satun Province 91110
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study was done to evaluate effect of vitamin E on breeding on Painted Batagur Terrapin Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844) Experiment was conducted in two 20x30 m ponds at Satun Inland Fisheries station From August 1998 to September 1999 Broodstocks were stocked (14 pairspond) and fed with minced trash fish Amblygaster clupeoides mixed with Ipomea aquatica (1 1 by weight) at 2 of body weight daily Vitamin E at the rate of 200 mg per kilogram of food was supplemented to the animals for one pond while the other was not
Results revealed that wild broodstocks collected around the mouth of La-ngu canal La-ngu Satun Province female turtle was normally bigger than male Mating season started from October to early December Egg laying was at night from December to January Eight female spawned for vitamin E-fed group while only 6 female spawned in control group Average agg numbers were 88plusmn29 and 104plusmn 43 eggsfemale and size of 524plusmn21 and 529plusmn36 gm in weight 40plusmn01 and 40plusmn01 cm in width and 67plusmn01 and 66101 cm in length respectively Hatching time was 88-99 days at 268-318 degc of sand temperature Young cub had average weight of 281126 and 308plusmn32 gm with 415 and 458 hatching rate respectively Both survival rate were 100 No significant differences between adding and non adding vitamin E on feed
8
Key words Painted Batagur Terrapin Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844) breeding
4
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6
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lJ1Uf11~1J1U IJ 3 01 ll~~ 6 ll~
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lJ1Ulllm~ IJ 5 gtllhfllJ1 6 ll~
112 ffllJlfl11IJiflJlill1ii1l-iHfl1IJfl~1~mflNflmh1lilfl Ull~flllJ1Jl1m~flN ~ 0 w fllJIJ1ll 11 fl
~ wlt1 I II wAvw nflHlfl11lJfflJiIIIlij~1l11~mllJfl11~mfl6~fllJU11nlfl~n mlIJ011fljfl6~
fllJlllll U fl ~1 IJ l~oilll11J~ IIllflU~llrliIl i fl 0i~lllllUfl(W) mbmllufii ll flflJ111fl1llJfl~1 ~
flj9Il~(CW) ll~191mllJJl1mfll~(CL) HIllll1flml1tJlihjIlrl-l~lJflj 1l1fl11lJiflJViuIi1iltJi~
1j9ljlYIJf11ji1Ugtlj~ (linear regression)
CW~a+bW ullCL~a+bW lfltJ
W ~ llTI1Ufl~lL~l (weight) 1llllfltllflflJ
CW fl11IJfl~1~m9Il~h (carapace width) dlutlfu9IllJm
CL ~ mllJtJllmfll~I~l (carapace length) IllUIlrI-l9ltIJgtlj
a till b Illufhfl~~
7
113 ffflll1f111lJUlilfWl1n1111~tliff
ffflll1f111lJUlilfli 1~111 h~tliff 1IiIVfffl1l1~1fl IJIJ1iii ilflllWfIlVIJ Vfl ilflllW
111~ ilflllWff unmVlJlJmlilv~
121 U~lJflWVllilnV~
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(Ipomea aquatica)lJliI 51i111ff1IJ 11 lli1VU111irfl ~-rrlJ
11i11iiIJV 200 iin~fl1lJlm1111 1 iHM1lJ
lflilf111V1li1nV~~ 2 lMJm11il~t~v1 (Amblygaster clupeoides)lJliI ~-rrlJHfl~~
(Ipomea aquatica)lJliI 51i111ff1IJ 11 lli1tJ1h11irfl
fl1tUIJ f111V1li1n v~-vi-rrll1ihhmU111i1 ~~1111i1-rrliln vi~ui t$1VIJ ff~111fllJ 2541 ti~t$1VIJbull
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nm 0900 lJ1Wf11 11il~~lflirIJ1il1fluvlMuM~trilJU11MtvimvilJt~lJllJlh~U1Vnn1 1300 lJ1Wf11 Ill
vi mtlh~IJ-vi11m1lJ llilJlllfllMiiIJ lln111il~ t~V1lJliI ~-rrlJ Hm1~lJliI 5Vl11ff1IJ 1 1 1 iiiVU111 irfltiVIJ
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51 lI bull lI ltII lt D lI lt d lI QIlIlts lI ltgt
UlJIJlJVVf111tliff~ 111-rrlJllil1n VIV~ -rrmlJIJ IJ v VfllJ1mflIJ vv 111~-rrIJ f111 tliff~lJIJIJl~f111~ 1-l2 IJ1 q qr bull q
ltgt A bull lIQ I lIlI lIt V11 2 -25 IJ1 un 1iI1iI tmv~11lJ1tJtlillVIflIil1 mV11if111t~1mIiIV~-rr1IJ flIJ ~1IJ IJ11 tm 11i11i1 tmV~11 lJ1V ~ ~ ~ I _I ~ ~ 9
U~IJ n11lI~ ~IiIVfl11lJ1VmIJ lJ~1iI1tJtlfVfl lJnvIJ un111lJn~lJnvv ~Vf111~lJlmfllJVn 14 tl 11
V11111IJfl1IJ 1 n 1 flf~ 51i111 2 tllv11ojIJ1 IJV~J111irflvi1 1~vlMllm11il~t~v1lJliI ~-rrlJHfl~~lJ~ 51i111ff1IJ 1 1 1~VU111irfl 1~Vf11mIilHm~~tiVlJltl11lJliIllmtlllii ~lflirIJi~~-rrlJHfllJliltilJllmtlllillJliI
lIlI OJ lI D Jt I d I YltII QI
1IJ1mVflIJlm1IJ1lJllJ~VflflH11IJ~ -rr1IJlflilf111V1li1nV~VIl-rr1lJ11i11lJlJV 11vm1 200 lJnnmlJm1111 1
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
8
inllf1ilJ w~mflIJ~l1i~Yi 2 ll~I1Ui~~1h rillVilIlllJlWliJUIIlllJ flllflfl~ltrl1-mn-lIllhJlr~lfhj n6uqtlfllltll~ili 3 Ji1lU
bull i U ~ ~rh~ fl1 ~Y1l ll1l~I11fll~ il~lflW~qigt1m ~ lJfll~ IItflJ~Uil~ ili 1JUnflWlJlt11llll
lIlJI1U nll~1umn~11~ i Ii d1l1lilIli111~ ilitf~ I1U~1~~IigtlWllJl~1lIj1 i lilJ lflmnamJ(I fi~Jl1tlfl $i1mfl~6~fi~Y1i1iJmJ 1 il11U1ti~11lhmiJuflilJ 1JU11$iVn1l1djlJlnhmiJullfU~llJm 1lll~tlIJ ~lU1U Wli~ J1fltlU~~l~ i Iii11U IlllJlliUI~lJ 1111ll~~fltJ(I~I~rnftIJViiIi1l1lflllfl1ltil~llnA~~U
bull bull i JI
1111iriJl1 1iiliii1 m6IJunt~~~Iij(J1li6lJliJU fl 1lflyj1lil1l~ftUiJ1-HlItil~ 1h6UII1i1ii~lJ 1l1fltlIIi1~ bull
11~601-Hi litlliliil flllllJ jjn lJln igt1lII)111 2(111lJiJlIll~tnllJlIUillJ~Y11Ill 1l11 fllHll 1I 1l~ n1lUii~ ii111UgtI
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11I~1h11lrfllU111h i1l1l~IJ1111utitlfl-)UfliVlfllllJIIU1 rKuphuuuifflllH 2 IlJm 1igt1111htl~ 5
llfUigt1llJW~ lIluti1ll1lU~l-H~I~tJl-Hllmllil~UlJl~fl fl~ 1~rrl~1l6fliJIljq~ i jltl~IJi11(1 ri11 ~6~ Illi~llflQ~ IitI1~~1Ji4inlll11~lllJl(l 5-7 11 ii~ 1r1l1111llgtrf1J~llWh~1I1Ill1~~IUtJ1illJftll~fl~~ 11
)wn 11 lutlilJlw~lJlflnuVlt1
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bull L3 fl1~llfl~1~Illl6f bull
Il16W~ltnl1Jil1J~Ijmh~mllJfl~1~mIl1l~ ml1Jm1m1l~Ull~Illl1UflJtl~ Y JI JI JI
9hIlIli1l I iI~1Ji1~ml1JillJ~Uj~wh~ Ii111 tlfl jj li1t1UflllfllrhlIllll111UfllllMui i ifilfl111
1IIJ simple linear regression lVio1thllfl~lJthl~llll systat version 50 allnfl1n1~j tiwnilfl
6V1lWO~ ImtllJI-viVIJl~oH T-test
9
Illlfl1jflillll
bull bull yen
fmffmlli1IJ-na~tl1~(1 V1Ul~lfll(l~huiJ~alff(lfJYUlfl~a(lllnwtl1flfllla~a~ um
JJ ~ I1l1~1i11h~~lfltl1flih hhf1IJ 1 0 f11nllJli1~If~ 1~1lJfJVIllVla~lflUlJIJ -Il~ V1lllJ1IlWrlJlJhi~lla~ih
bull fJ) II t
~ltla~-nilUliimiflgtlWUl1IJ Ul11i~-nihl1111SltfllflJlJ1I1W lJlJlii1a ~lfl ihtj GYlJlla lmfll~ tllffU tI ~ J II vl
a dllllJVi IJ VIfJ~U1UiI j lIU111-1 cl ~jflUll1J1m lIi ~ll II ihll1 ~IIlJI1l1lfUli1il111lYl1l1m II GYU lUll yen bull
lJ111l11J JIIJ ~hiiI1lJU1lili1
fllSllwim~luUa~~hillll~llll1i1 lli~1111i1GYIlIlVllJl~II1~ fIilfH1l~ tJIl~ dillih Y sJ bull
fIilfJ~UlllllimliilJlllul~lfli~1111i11l1~lmimiddotm1Ii1liVI1l~ j1m1lJl~I1~iillhll1ll ISPi1 V1lJ-nrilll1l bull
1l~lIllihlJaihlll~ ~1ll1ll II ~ UIlvi1lJlllhflUl tJ11f)fJll~ ~lll1ll 4 Pi1 1iJUIVlff~~lll1ll 7 Pi1
lllffliltJ~1U1IJ 8 ~ 1l1l~illlgl~lJ~lUU 41 Pi iJUV1ff~~lll1IJ 21 ii1 IVifftiluhIJ1IJ 20 ii1 al~ bull 1h1J1W 15-30 11 j~lflllnm~lIllUmjIJmli1tJ~
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12 IlflgtlWV1WI111V101
121 l5flgtlwihl tI
IlIili11tJ~iJlil1i111U9hJliIi1UUlfl l1i1l ~V1llllIJ1111i11~lJililJmrfl 202
~1 QiI 91 ~Ililfl amlJ mllJfl11IflSlla~ 484 1IfUllllJflS fl11lJJ11mli1a~ 505 IfUfll1JfI mli1a~I-lIl~llJ ll 1J
iiflgtlW1l10Vl1lJ011ll fJ~ lhii 3 wn lJ111W flal1l1li ~iJUiJ~llallm~ ll~1i11lJlIU1~hii1 ltii~ilUI~jf1i1 q ~ ~I x 1 l lUlI11VtJtJU1I1l 1114 m 1l llJllJlllJtl1~lJ1flUU m li1ll4nUllU GYYI1 mli1a4fllUVIll Iffll11f1S lJ iJ~llV
1 = 1 ~ 1 =yenlJ lflllll j lJ ll tJlllJ 1 flff mll a lJ UIl flll W IlJ Uti I-IUfllJ flIl1UU Il a 0 GY 1U IIfJI iJ fl j (IlllJm1l1i1i1 UU
dy OJd ltd1 Q ~ I Ylt$dll IllflUaVllllIJfllf1Hfl1lHffIi11t1fJmall1i111J1~GYU11tlfl 1 tlli11J1lJU ~1i11Ul~la ll111U llJlIlm lU1U 5
Igll Ul11n4iJl~1J~1U1U 4 ~ll illl11111lilala~1111~if~afiUtln1(Ji1~~ 4~1Jflmiddotht~11l1VfillliJ1i1 l5flllwmli1a~ ilmIi1M11l54 (shield) 37 UNU tI~flall~0mta~fla1~~ (neural shield) 5
IINll mli1al~lIJl1n~ (costal shield) oi1~1l 4 IINll mmmSllIJMlil (marginal shield) ffl~tl
II Nll m~s~mila1lUl1N (supracaudal shield) ffHIlt I IINll mli1tHrl1U~fili1fill1i1 (nuchal
shield) iJlllllillgfl mli1a~~lUllUl1lljll~fl 1 (keel) ifmiia~tlaUllllali1ull1flIlHII1 rl1UmilS~
~luVla~ (plastron) lhflall~vmiI6~rlU~filln1Jtla (gular shield) ilUU1ilI~fl 2 IINU mils~ ll1nwUll1Ul (humeral shield) 2 IlNIJ mils~ri1IJ~fili1nllll111Ul (inguinal shield) 2 mlU
mli1a~ri1Uafl (pectoral shield) 2 lINll mila4ri1uVla~ (abdominal shield) 2 UNU mila~lll
bull bull
c
(keel shield)
m~~fl~i1Ul1~
(costal shield)
(neural shield)
mltllmmJBlflU111~
(supracaudal shield)
10
I1ill] (axillary shield) 2 lUlu m~IINl]~1t11iJl11li~ (femeral shield) 2 miu m~IMihuiIJ
(anal shield) 2 Uf1U 1I1fI~lWpJ~ 2
ltl~ 2 5fl1JtII~~tlll~lHWm~Il~hIJl11i1uNum~1l1ff1Ufill~la~5fl1JtII~lfi1iJ1l1~htlltl iWI~1
122 R111l91fl~11II1I
R11111191 fl~11mh~ IIlll~II lt1 ~1Ilf1nmll1lt11 VIii IJ 1l91 Ill] h 1111 l~lJ1tJ I Illl~n
IJWll Igflfl11ll1In tJI15~n5fljjtllSft~11J2tl1lill11WIiIl IJfl11 IIl1l10J ) Idflll11 alJ fl1l Illlln tJ 1Il1l~~ Ild1W1Jil~t)JViWiilllfllJff1WI151m1I1l1~1W1U 3 Ill] ~Hfllt111 I 1IflIJ tY1W-iHm91IHltlil1lt1 1
UflIJ Ua~lJIlIJm~1l1illlmJ9I1lJlIW11A1IJ1l1m~1l11I1mllIJaflSlJlrlJI1tJJmJafh flllJ11fli1I1l1l
I IV (4 wlOI t ltV 44 IV I d ~ )8IlJ ~ IJ 1 tl N1flIll W1jlJW tW~1tJ tl1WI11lJ1flflJlJlI011 lt1fllltll UUnlJm1 lfflIJ1Utlfltl Il tI tllm fl lt11 IflO1
vi-i~Iilti thlll1nfls11 I11~6U tI11flhllllllilv tI~i11I111~1l11imheJfil] Ifltll111mflfl11IlIliltJ
bull UHtlnl11t1IWflIHtIm~1J1-i iJIJ ff1t1Illlln ~mO1Il1Mlti1fhl114hlifllWfltl1l1nl11t1 lli~ i1iiihh
$I S4 I _~ ~ dV I I Iq 1lt5 bull ~1Cl I11l1-r 11 lJ IIHU ll1l1U IlllflmIJ NU Ilflllt1fltlIltJ m fI 1l1191ClIIHIJ tlJlJl11f1l11t1UtlflIlHtI mftll1
~ihlItlI1jjlltlhlJtlmh~tnfiti IlllliltJ~)j1~iiIJtllA 111qJfl11tllll~ mi~ lA11l1flfli1 ~flihu
IIIltYtlfl11 iiiYJ111~~1U1tltllIlG ff1UI111gmfti ~tJt1mwh~l~jlJti1lJfi1J IflUI11~IilltJflill1lff
~ tlft~1t11tl~ 3 Itll 4
(nuchal shield) (gular shield)
mIIt)~U1I11I11IJ111111
(hurneralshield)
(in~inalshield)
(pectoral shield)
(axillary shield)
m~fl~lhufia~ (abdominal shield)
n~~elU1tuUltt6~
(remeral shield)
m~IINri1u~u (anal shield)
11
IHlil ~ III1~ v
ltl1i 4 iTn~~UlliltlIII1il~Ill~ilJW1lu~mYU III1~IINiiJW1iltllmlioll
12
123 fl11lJnlJWjn1Wi1~fl11lJfr)1~mfIHUtlI1111rfl f111lJVl1mflU~IUI1111rfl
lhtl1JillJL1l~lmlllfl~ihfl11rf111rmil~V 63plusmn14 fntlflflJ mllJfl1l~mOlU~ l11~tJ 312plusmn211lfUilll1fl~ fl1111Vl1fll~J~il~V 343plusmn261lfU~lJfl1 f111mYlJl~Un111h~fI11lJfl11~ m~U~UtlI11lfrflUtl~IltlilJi CW = 14226W+2216 R2 = 07295 l1lf11111fflJiun~wh~
fI11lJll1mf1~NUllUl11rflU1l~Iluiui CL = 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 lfffl~1lJ~tlVl 5
CL= 16962W 23474
R ~ 06247
60
50
40
30
~ 20 CW = 14226W 2216iij
RZ = 0729510
o
0 5 10 15 20 llnninlltnI i(nn
IILWmJJviiUl11rflmnV 154plusmn17 1111lflflJ f111lJfl11~mOlU~illlJ 432plusmn22
lIIUilLlJfl~ fI11lJV11mf1U~III~V 467plusmn17 IIU~lJfl~ tl11lJnlJiu1i~11h~fI11lJfl1NmOltHUll h1rflUNlli~ui CW = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 1I11mllJfflJiut1111h~f111lJVl1
w w 2 q _-ltmOllNUllUl11UflUNlllJIIUlj CL = 07377W+35368 R = 05489 lffOl~ Ullll16
ON 07377x +3536860
R~ 05489
- 50 ~8 ~ 40 ~
~
30 ~
05974 c 20 ~ 10
0
250 5 10 15 20
13
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d ll1tJ NifllVll-l Ij f)I-I Il~ f) 11H11-1U1l ~ f) 1114111-1 j If114IHJUIImfllJ
d fH
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l~lVlIflJlJ ll1111lJlJll 30 U11lil4IJI-IfI6lJIVlIflJlI lIIJlIH 4 IINfllf)jilIHtI1I~IJHIII1VlIfIJJII
HlIlHy1 2 ltilmllJ~lJalJ f)j11 a4~l1-1r11l164IVllfliiIJUt11~I6f)IIlJ1ntll1hm16IJ64~mw ff11-1111i iii ~ bull
lilIJ611iJ 4 i 1-1 U 1 Hlti4 ~ 1mlIUllIf~ifV gt111 1l 11JH NIy 1 MH NIVllflilmYi JifJ~611J1ltilNiflJW inULVli
MA ltv d f t 11 ltQ
IlJlJ IlJJ if61lJ11J1lI1ifl-ll1INIllVlIflJJJ~1I1lJ1tl1 5middot10 W1Yl ~lf)I-I WVl1lVll-lllL1lUlJVlUIj If 1-1
tI lti4lti11f 1flW 1M~J111 VliV4i16~iiillnl-l J1111 lJltl1 5 mli4UIJt11l6t1i)1 t1nU61tl1i1~ii timltll111 W vi1lltlJ1l4111l II 1111-11I1l1JUNf) ~14 fit 1 tJ~iilllcenthIi1mh4lI64J1Jil~4~ t1 lt] Jggt1H
bull JJ
t1m4 2 ~4 VllJ11i1Ul~1l iflll1~1-1 IIf1lJJf)lJl il1f)ff11-11JIf ti~ilt1NfflJI-lifil-llff~ il )rtJ1Vli9i1~H ljgt1
66t1 ~lfla1111 IVl If~uiJ IJ fft1 fIi4If gt1lhjh I1I6yi1-1 li64IJ1l41hl-lt1 NIH iJ6W~lJ lI W 111IJJ 461tJ1tf1f
JI w dr dIJ11111lJltll 5-8 ll1UIlUlJm t11NlhlJ1tl1 8-10 ll1UllllJ~1 t11141)1f)NiflJIIW~1gt11111j1llJtIiJlf)lJI-I1 ~ ~ w d ~w w ltI d J w ltlw
llfU nmet I-IIVl6Nilllt1lJ IIJ UllIAll 11l1lJfll1NiflJVll-lljU1lt1lJU11l1lIJUr11iJ IlJNiflJIil-lljf1tMllllii
iQ J w ~ w ltI aK 1 bull 9 ~ ~~6f) If 1t1ill1t11 IfIjV4illtHfl1~NfflJVlUlj1lmllJt~1 ~f11ll1-11UlJU blJ6~lJW111ftVlnJVl1 ~ t1 111 1111 IlJ
ff1lJ11(lNfflJU~fltUutifi11 yj1lui~U4H1Ltiuihhlll-l~V4hll~flJfl11NiflJuili41lNfflJ lui1l111
a III I~I i1 4t OJ dl fit ai~1 I 1 ti d
H lti4 ~ 1fl1ltili 1 I IiflJt111IlUlJuill~ lJltll 1 1~1)lj Utili 11~lJ~UlJ1dn 1~11lilll11J 11flH 111H114114 I lIu 1 lJltll gt11-1 1gt16 W litl11f1lJ fl4ll m 1 rllJ1JI-I l14Yl H tI H Ijll illf) IlJ 1ft 111lllJfl1111 Yl 1J
111111t11 gt1 Vlnetui1i114 I Ii mit~11lfI llltljtllJl11~1 lilJUH 1ft Yl11t11U~UVi lllfl1iR1luolNWI-IU1l
v bullbull bull
1~lJlJff4lJ t~II9imn 2100 bull 0400 1-1 li1~IlIUq~I1i~1114 Iili14IilU4IViJ4IliU 1~lii1ltl1l1tJql11~Ii 1U11il11411il1n4iitl4flW lii6111hi1ii6f)~~114Ili1~UtJ1-11IJ111 n411~ 2 ~-NI~~tIIltJillfl111~lU
t1lti4 iimjtllfffiJ1~f)1llJl1N~1t1lh9i1111lJ11ll 3-5 LlJill m1lliit11l6~HllJlIlJlll 3060 1l11-~llJm ~ ~ ~J l ~ 1 I 1 ~r111llt1JN 20-40 lfU~llJVl1 Illllilllt1WifUIIU1l41fllllCl114lI fttJJt1tltlIJUlllflU6t1U1l1u1lWIl
II
6l t1lJl IJ IllvhN 11i I~11)iiUU1Iii U f166 t1ll lHri61~ IHIYi1llhfJH ril iiUinrIiill f1 lJl tlIfitI 11 llJ
w ~ ~_ ~~I i w1lf)lJtlII~lJ~UUrllJ1lIDIJ~ Ii6ill6~fl1 11IUUIIllt1lJtltlll1t)lJ ~1 ~4mlJl UfI11i1f1lIUil1
lJfi~tl Illi 1 litfi1H1Ii lif~ iJUU-iliJ1~lJmli4~tlYl11J1I~f11llJ1I1t111llJJum T4iJfl II~mJflU 1-Nmt iI bull
Ufl muIf)1I1t111ljll 1tl~1JIlUiJfttl1t11flll J1fltiWUtili1iJI~rl1lJ111111 lt] tlt1f1f~1~Uin~ihfl~6t1 II JI
fl1~t1 lJ 1 H Ii l1il~ J 1fltiuUUlh~fl1I1U 1l ~Ul 111 Illt1N1lt1l1 VI ill1lfi4VllJ11UUI~h1141lin4iYU
~11l1t1 14 gt11
bull bull bull
14
I lt14 d ltaJ jI d ff1UlyenllUJ1JllUTWUfl1HW 158plusmn17 f11nmll ml11f111~f11~ilfJ~tmW 433plusmn2A 1lfUillllil~ Wl111Vl1
m~ilfJ~m~J 469plusmn15 llfU~tuil~ UlivtUlj1Ht 8 ijlFl 14 tilInFlTm~tli 571 lltlfo1u~ ii
~Ii~1U1U 83 vlfJ~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jm~U lOAplusmn43 vlfJ~I1llnJlfil~tltl1111illijUti lyenlff~ihilWiJfl~~J
lIUiiilJl lllffiilJlhhl1ilFl~liu 15Ot17 filnflill ml11f1~mmiltl~mli1J 431plusmn21 lf1J~llJil~
mllJm1m~ilfJ~m~1J 466plusmn19 IfUlIllJII1 llliwUim11i 6 ) IllFl 14 11 tiil~1f11111~H 429
lltlflltUli mli~1U1U 53 vltl~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jIil~1J 88plusmn29 vltl~I1tlltl 8ilnFl1~VlFlllUIi1tm~8nFl1gt 9 ~ W 1 wi0ltlilllJ ~f111tfllJ~Fl1JmlW 458 lfl~ 415 1JtllllfU9l 1l1lJ1IlillJ Ui1iH U1lln~Il I IfI~ 2
lt lti j0
IV V I Illr I II t ~ ~IV M ~ IV I o1i d JJ 2 1l11Htl1 UlllUn frlmn114 m~fi11~lJnm~~J~IJJ~WJUtlWU~ lI1~1mml111 Il ~lU1U lJUll~J1l11m~1lf1lIUil1IJJ~9111nIJllUlI~VII11tl1111t1
1ltV1111111lllJlllmUJ
~ ~
W3WUi UJWUi UltIUI1 fI~l~ ~1l 1l111un fI~l~ 61l l1~~Ii 11ufi3ull ~lU1U llmiluii1 tmllfl 1u~1Ju1J 1~lJLlf1 ~lUll
(l1fl) (lIlJ) (Ji1l) (11fl) (lIlJ) (Jill) ~l1~1i Ii (WtH) (iil) () ~llfl (1u) ll1ii3nl~
iluiil (iil)
90 348 370 170 451 485 1112141 15 10 667 191342 98 10
84 340 370 155 425 460 II 1312141 5 5 1000 201342 97 5
54 292 316 158 428 464 22112141 9 4 444 28342 96 4
40 272 300 160 440 465 II 22112141 7 0 0
42 284 300 160 445 475 X ~
50 300 320 165 446 482 II 2411241 10 2 200 28342 94 2 (J1
70 338 364 132 390 444 X
52 308 328 145 420 463 X
62 316 346 140 392 468 X
54 294 320 202 484 505 II 3012141 18 10 555 21442 93 10
62 320 368 146 422 457 X
86 330 389 162 439 470 II 61142 8 0 0
72 320 361 150 430 450 X
54 301 324 164 450 475 121142 11 7 636 10442 88 7
62plusmn16 31plusmn23 341plusmn29 158plusmn7 433plusmn24 469plusmnJ5 lOAplusmn43 458 943plusmn36
1llJ 8 iil 83 wtH 38ii1 38 iil
c ~ ~
1ij1i1N 2 Jli1iln mllJf1~N Uflm1lJU11m~~ll~lJll~rlmlJI1lJi Jb~nfl1f1U1Ni~~llJ1lJ~Itfl69111f111V1ntlllJ~1IJ1l111mU~lJdl~~Miu1~middotm 1llHlJbJn~1J1miJlJfl
~ ~ Il~IlU~ ttlll1Ull
bull11lH1Jn n~l~ nll Jnnlfl 111~ ~ll 11~H 1u1~U1J ~U1U YlnJilu~1 iJil1JQf1 1UI~U1J jtJn~l ~U1U
(1m) (Ill) (lflJ) (lflJ) (lflJ) ~H1~ l~ (IN) (~1) () ~Ylf1 (1U) 1i~lJ16~
lriU111 (~1)
90 358 380 164 432 469 91214 7 2 286 1813142 99 2
76 326 354 122 390 441 x 73 324 355 160 453 490 13112141 6 4 667 201342 97 4
46 283 300 170 445 475 18112141 11 5 455 2313142 95 5
46 280 308 170 458 497 25112141 10 5 500 2913142 94 5 ~
50 300 320 144 417 445 x 70 328 370 142 44S 475 x 62 314 350 172 440 488 211142 13 6 462 114142 89 6
54 301 330 130 410 453 X
50 296 304 156 446 460 X
67 320 352 164 420 455 911142 6 o o o ~
66 325 366 132 404 442 x 74 320 360 144 434 449 X
66 299 367 130 450 480 X
64plusmn13 313plusmn20 344plusmn26 IS0plusmn17 43lplusmn2i 466plusmn19 S8plusmn29 41S 948plusmn38
11lJ 6111 5314H 22)l 22)1
bull bull
bull bullbull
17
mliWl1llJ1N1j~~W1IJVi 9 iIJ11fllJ 2541 ~lJg~1IJVi 12 lJml1llJ 2542 1j1~1ltn1J
~IJ 1lfl1J11iI lb flIJ ltfllWJ flyj ~H ffll11fllilUj l~flUWiilllJ1flgflfl hlifhJf11jlJ1~11iijllflMru tniSlJlfl
fl111liillWlfllgflflh 1jdlfl IJ~flfl1~VIflmHVi 1 1m 2 IIlJlf)11illltnlflliIlV 529plusmn36 flilJ fl11lJ
fl1HmgJ 4QplusmnO1 l1IJilllJltfll fl11lJtJ11mgu 66plusmnO11l1IJilllJltfl1 1lJll11iflli~V 524plusmn21 flllJ fl1111
fl1l~Ii~V 40plusmnO1 1l1IJ~lJfll ml11Ul1m~1J 67plusmn01 l1IJ~lJltfl1lI1lJ-i1~U lJtjVJflyjl)~IlZiJyjl)~ 1)1f11ft1lI)IJI)~UIllJI)~lI1f11fl1vlIJ1lllltlilJl1~ rll)~~ iJli1mru 24 ~i1l~ IIMll1f11Il1VlJIl~~W1 IflfllIJ ~ timiii~i1rll)IJ ~iUfl11IlfflJvflilflfl1Jllifhlflj liitnl1lJliwliatlfl jiflJ qUl11~1IJh~lgfl
ltlJ jll11 hjlt~~~1fhIJlifl~~~(raquo1gfllI)fJilui11~lJtiI)WflliltJli1~1IVIl)fl iIJ Ilflfl1JVIfllltN~ 1
mjl~h liVlmlTll1IJ 2 UU 1IJ~flfl11V1fl1ll~~ 2 UUIWlUYlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 UU 1IJllflfl11V1flIHI~~ 1 Uti11i1 tiYlfl~TIl1IJ 2uU 1IJ~flfl11V1flntNVi 2 util~huVlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 uti Illl11iflllI)~HI~l (y) Vi)~1f1fl11
1Hjlll~til1IJili~ 2 lflfl11V101ntl~ ~11l1IJ 14 mi 5111 136 vltN il111111fflJI1mlilllJltflHfltlthmXfI
4 ltl 2 i _I dIJl~llJIIW1j (x) 0l1lJfflJfl11fltJ y = L8773x+21682 R = 06008 IIffVil~ lJllJrl 7 unOll1HVI 34
80
60 ~ ~ -~ c 40
r y ~ 1amp113x + 2l682
~i 20 R =06008
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IllH IlmhlIJl(nn)
ltili 7 fl11lJUlJI1m11wiwihmrfl Ii I~ lflIJIllt11ifllUMlJtlfil11ltJ~hHlJfl
ltC lt
I ll
(11m~J 3 U11~1lit~mftUU1~lm~lliwml)0illO1li U)~Ull~uiYil1l1ft)~~J~~w~mmlll~lJ1nlJU~ tllq 1 1U
~ UlJI1tl1j 1li1~1 f1l1ll1
bullbull ~ bullbull ~ bullbull ~ tllWWO O~H em Ul11Ufl O~l~ 1111 IllllUfl fl1H fin
(00) ( lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ)
170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
OJ
164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
IllftfJ 167plusmn15 445plusmn18 476plusmn15 529plusmn36 40plusmn01 66plusmn01 308plusmn32 49+02 53+02
~
eo ~
bull JO
mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
~ UlJWWl i~~l )111911bull
~bull bullbull bull~
Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
iliVJft
48+02
1liVJft
5lplusmnO3
co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
~lU1llilh (y) ~i~mf1fl1j1Nl~IJJ~1iilfli~ 2 l~flWIlIltJ~ tllflUlli91l 14 u1i bull
11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
()
E
20
~ ~ gt ~
i ~
15
10
5
0
y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
~tlll 8 f11111fflJilJlhI1h~hlJ1U 1lil~ ltiull1In1flu1iilJ (WiTiltlftlJl1l1l
jmlhi1flVJfl~lflllii~I~1lJil18 jjUlfllJ 10 lJlIlJlJ 2542 l~lmiddotn 88-99 llJ iI Q A IV ltI Iq
flrulUl1l 268-318 J~flWllmlflff f1111lIJUirlJIfIl1l 802-903 I1JVWlIlJllI (911jl~Il 5)
~ln~1l5 Jml1tliJIIv~IlnJ (Oe) lif111lJnfl 30 lIil~llJ91j 1l1lf1111JiilJirlJill1i() ilJUJYiflill~l ~
I J tV ~ lVitll llml1JlJ
~
(0C) f111lJlfIJ 1JIlllll()
Iifl 268 903
lJfl 282 830
fl Il 305 850 d
1111 306 802
Ill 318 894
llUlI) 296 plusmn20 856 plusmn43
bull bull bull
21
I II Q 4s T r t II I gt1 ~I ltltftill fl1WVIl~lJtJ~ IJUIltYtlHlllVWWVlfllJ1lgiraquo1Hm~tHVIl~HffjVI 3 Ill 4 UlJ1tl1 5-10 1W tJIi~~UI11Jtl tmt1lJOWllTI111 ~f1~hiiWf1~U~1imJ ] mi1IlltliMHhllgtlll ~luwifii~uj
(keel) gt~ll~uU11tf~ iltllim~l~mitlFluulfliim~llHn~uNuIll~lJ mIll~U~nmmiii bull
ll1vihllllltjjlJ~lU1U 3 ItfJU f1lUU1flllHraquoltl~ IllfJU tU11l1l ]ll 1 UfJU Ul1Im1l6l~WllUii laquo4 I I 013 II d II d d QIe l d J 1n14 d ll~1~fl11ll1Uraquo1ltltl flUl IJ tltlUUI1ltllJ1lJ VItHllUl1f1llJ U1HUltmmHU il1tl1tHUl tltlllUU t lJlItflltlgt
t~ml1l(J HlllJl11J-lJlm 08 tlfU9IllJl1Ii
I bull ltII II dl II ltto laquo4 At ltII d ~ fl1111 ill fllJllt Ill fill 1j Il VI1ltlJ I111 Vll M 1 l ttY j lJ 1i111lJ Ul lJ IIU 111 llH II IlLUltl1l
ltV v d ltr d 3R8plusmn32 flilJ fl11lJfl11lm1l6tUltlIJ 49plusmnO2 llUl1ItlJIl Ull1J11lJIJ11mI1lltUlllJ 53plusmnO2
bull tI bull
1IfW~tlJi1Ij 1i1WI1VitnJl~1(J61H1i littYllJ1i111iiugiiIJU 11llllMtlflIIInJ 281plusmn26 fl~lJ f111lJfl ~H d lo cl ltV
milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
Itlv191W~hl 2 1gt1fl1HlltlltH 1i1WU1Htlfllfll~h (y) ~lU1W 60 ii iUU111tlflIJtHluJ~h (x) iiflllJ
~ ~ ~ 2 i oJlllJflUfiIgt1ltYlJflli y= L5452x+40918 R = 05058 ttY U~lJ1l9
40
35
30 TI S 25 rsect c 20 j 15
F 10
5
0
0
rbull y~ LS4S2+40918
R~ OSOSS 6
255 15 201deg - m ~ U1~lifitU 11 (nn)
22
_I 11 1 Iflln1J1UHu1~fl11U0~lm1l11J11IUlu~
- r QJ r
1l [)tll6~61flU1l~m~IVlim~illl bull bull Sf
ntlVi6gmffl1II11l1U~tl1l~01ffJil~lJ1mlllhfd6UlhfUUhhl1l~hiT~Il1l6~lI~S VllJ
1J~1ruthtllti~IJ6~lhflll6~Viihiliif)i1f)Wru~U11tl ihmmJflJlJ lftl ~UlJiii6 illfl t1113 l1lJlIlI~ f bulllfl~flH )j61J61ffl6~ltlU1llllJYltI~6~U lUlId1UU11m~lJflIJtllJ1111Vl~lJtlrll1h 1161JntJ~mlll ~Vi
~I d ~ I ok d de x l q IIGI
lIlllJIJ1 Im~f)tl1JlI1IJln~mf) IJ~ 11ilfJ l 1mllUl~mfnJtl 1 lJtllJ1lJtlVltJ~tlIilVl11l11llll~milfI~
1IgtIgtllIlI1tlqt1f1lll11~ lilll1Jtl1uVl1J11lmtlmlltnil~u lJ1~U 11 fl6~fl~il~timhwf)~ltltIlJ flf1~16fllt1f)WtUII6~)j1~ (2543) i1V~ltlhIll1ml9itldlfll1ltl1II1Vi61fffJ6yitlU1niillJ Umli~VllJhv
tl1~1lJ1ltlutiuliim~llllitlutlftUillffVilrJltlll1~fl ImNutaphand (1979) 11l~ltjhlllll11fJ 9i tl1l fl11 tltfll1Vi111l1fll flqtyWtl i fllfll1J1nru111fUuihu1l11ti~1lll6~U1iTflVi~fllt1f)W ru~1 flll1J
nh1lfl
mUVljmlfJIJ6~(lhll1l~lu1Jgtlltli~111gt1t1~lI Vl1JlUvn~ f1l16~lIJ ltllI~~ lit6~ ~ 1flflll6~ ll~ ~ djltlflll6~YiiiIJtl1ll 11t)) ii~tlU1j) lflij~111llgtl1~lIl1~i~111~WV1~tll~iimlllll11lJ1flflh
A d lt) a a lt) ~ I A 5ff 0 d 1lll6~6t1 1 VllJUVl1llllllJlIlI~ ll11JJlf1lItVl~m~llllJlIu1fltll tl6~1l1m1JtIllllJlIYI6~llflllm tI6fl
f1~6~fllJ11 IlU (2533) i 1l~1tlhtl Il ~1JtlVlU1II1l11l~ tll1JflVllJltVl1m iI1lllIflJ1l1tllJ11101IllflUl
_I ~I J I I d d d d I
f1M~Jl~~ lI~lJlf)tllf1l16~1Jlf)1Jl11 CJHl1JtJtIlIJ1l6lll6~f1l1lNlI~ illI~ l tlllll IVlJ~llfll1CJr~1l6~
bull q ~ t q gt ~ q ~ 1 =~ ~ltl1t1t1llVlJ1fl IUlliilJII1ll I1l~llltl1 Itlllll~lI~ 1fl~~qtyVltl1j Itliltl1fllll IIl1 IVl iiltl1llllU
y
(2525) ~d1nilWtl~1II1U1~ltlflll6~lI~~ 6Jl~ il tI~lI tl11Jl~mlmllJWtl~llli1lllU~tll1J~ 1~Ilftl
fltI f11i ~11II1llUlii11 tia 6 d~f1 Jl )~ Jl ~ 6l ~lii6~1J 1~1fl lJ I 101filla~ lI ~~~I1JUl11 ci~ 61flVIJ 6~ 11111 VI j1
)jij~ih lWtJ~I tlVluiiUtlOafl14YU lBffll11J iUlJ11tlfllit6IillIlilUfltl 611 1m1~lrii6 dtifl1l6~lI~
~lIll1I lf~1nm1lJ~61111111ilUtfll1~n61~iiU~~i1Jl1ll111lV~tll1l 1~1Il(t1ci6lm~~flll6~1l~Ih I riiilllJiiu~l1JIlfUflU
~ ~ J2 llflllruYIWlfllVIU1
~flllru~l111 bull
~1f) f111 VI fl 1l 6~VllJ1111i llll uliitll1l~ l1ltllIll1lh~fl fl1 ~ 6~ II~~ (terrapin)
IItl1llltltj) lt1f)llrul~lnlt)1111Nl~6fltl~lm~11l 11111Ulijl~lJ~ltl1tl 5 ~lJ ff1UlJ111lt1~ii 4 y
~lJ IVlflliifJIlJlJtJ1fl illqiViqflii1i111Ufl 202 fill1fl1lJ fI11lJfl~1~mflN 484 CJrtl~lJm m111U11
bull bull
bull bull
23
~llll1lltl~(Jl~hlllJflmHlJIJ(Jliiu1 ihrfllJmIhhJtiltJ lJlhtltlfl 17 il1tlflilJ fl11lJJl1mIlB~~6~ 58
lIlligtilJ~1 fl11lJm1m~B~mj~ 60 lIll~llJm fl1~1I6~l1a~lJilnlibull fl11lJll~fl~H1Vlfl
mllJl~fl~l~~ 11h~lllfl~ lmJ~lldJlI 9l11~lJ1JlllfllJliiUIl1111l1flhllff~ mi~ ~ ~ ~ P I~middot ~ middot1 1fl~~llltltI1ll1fl11llflrjn flll m1 fltllJfl111l1lJ I U m1I6~11n~mmll lJtlllllJnfl] IJUUNU m IlIH
~ P _f d ~ 131 ltjI d P 1 l I II 4
U (J UlJ lfl m lltH Ill U 1l6~jjfl ~ lJ UNll Vl6~l U66fllJlU 1~ll6fllI flU 61lliN 11 mIlB~UYIn W-IU IlJ lJmll y
lJfl Ulffnlltf1Ul1 1lJlhhnn tJlmmjlJU1lIJtJlfllJffll1ii6~61lU iJff1l 1li~11JlliUIllff~ tf1jJ111~I~fl (Vlt$ltu j1 4 1$1
jjUfl11llfl~ Yl11lJ1lIllfllmII(J~mNlJlIflIJ1l1ll1ll 3 llflIJ ~flltl1~ 1 UOIJ lY1UUl~mII1l~Ul~tl ~ 1 n -l1 lflIJ ltllU1lIJm1i16~lJllflIJltllJllU1 fl~U1l~mliljH 1il1l16IJ lJUUllillllflfl111VlflllW lllJflll1l1
lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
mIl(J~l1n~iiltl1lJrmilllthU111~~IWlJl1fl111l1flliitJ 1lJnh~1I1iwli6~rUthlJflUlfljJ111~lJlflflh bull
lllflllJfJ
11 tiII~flUthtlfl~lUlt1jlJ lt111~16flaflll mUltJ ~l1~ (2543) mi1111111~lJe~ lYi1lllfl~ 11 lvi111 lI11JUiJfllJ
IJUllilfJTlflil ii1flUI11~il1tYfl111lnillYI111e~i U 91111l1ti ~tleU1tJ m~111~lJ lflfl111YillllflliJlJ li~il~
lYlBlt1fl1fliUfl11NlYlJliili mllJfflJIiU11iHfl11lJfr)11mIIBltlUnlll11UflIJltJ~vl61iUi CW =
VI(J ~fffl1lJ I HUVIB~l[JIJllYlJ6flU il tl Bli1li~lH U fl1 fl6~lJtllJUIJ flllHU fl1 flltJ~rllll1 U
bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
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Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
2
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3
BREEDING OF PAINTED BATAGUR TERRAPIN
Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844)
Wonnat Hirunchulha Chaiyaphum Inland Fisheries Station Chaturat Chaiyaphum Province 36130
Chaiwat Ratanadadas Phattalung Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center Muang Phattalung
Province 93000 Sovakhon Roungrung
Chortip Jaroonsak Satun Inland Fisheries Station La-ngu Satun Province 91110
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study was done to evaluate effect of vitamin E on breeding on Painted Batagur Terrapin Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844) Experiment was conducted in two 20x30 m ponds at Satun Inland Fisheries station From August 1998 to September 1999 Broodstocks were stocked (14 pairspond) and fed with minced trash fish Amblygaster clupeoides mixed with Ipomea aquatica (1 1 by weight) at 2 of body weight daily Vitamin E at the rate of 200 mg per kilogram of food was supplemented to the animals for one pond while the other was not
Results revealed that wild broodstocks collected around the mouth of La-ngu canal La-ngu Satun Province female turtle was normally bigger than male Mating season started from October to early December Egg laying was at night from December to January Eight female spawned for vitamin E-fed group while only 6 female spawned in control group Average agg numbers were 88plusmn29 and 104plusmn 43 eggsfemale and size of 524plusmn21 and 529plusmn36 gm in weight 40plusmn01 and 40plusmn01 cm in width and 67plusmn01 and 66101 cm in length respectively Hatching time was 88-99 days at 268-318 degc of sand temperature Young cub had average weight of 281126 and 308plusmn32 gm with 415 and 458 hatching rate respectively Both survival rate were 100 No significant differences between adding and non adding vitamin E on feed
8
Key words Painted Batagur Terrapin Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844) breeding
4
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lIlJI1U nll~1umn~11~ i Ii d1l1lilIli111~ ilitf~ I1U~1~~IigtlWllJl~1lIj1 i lilJ lflmnamJ(I fi~Jl1tlfl $i1mfl~6~fi~Y1i1iJmJ 1 il11U1ti~11lhmiJuflilJ 1JU11$iVn1l1djlJlnhmiJullfU~llJm 1lll~tlIJ ~lU1U Wli~ J1fltlU~~l~ i Iii11U IlllJlliUI~lJ 1111ll~~fltJ(I~I~rnftIJViiIi1l1lflllfl1ltil~llnA~~U
bull bull i JI
1111iriJl1 1iiliii1 m6IJunt~~~Iij(J1li6lJliJU fl 1lflyj1lil1l~ftUiJ1-HlItil~ 1h6UII1i1ii~lJ 1l1fltlIIi1~ bull
11~601-Hi litlliliil flllllJ jjn lJln igt1lII)111 2(111lJiJlIll~tnllJlIUillJ~Y11Ill 1l11 fllHll 1I 1l~ n1lUii~ ii111UgtI
~m~lYlfl61lml1fllIiHmm~JJ~IIU1lt11flfl~1~ 8 ih irill1Phi11lJfWfllwtJl-Ht11flflll~1l~ltflJ1lftIJ f Jti1 ltVd A 1 ~ wI wdVlmIUlVW l1flVllI11111111~lJ1IJUY1m~VI1ll1iilfl II llJ-)gflVllilm1JUVlll~nm1lJlJ1lJl1~IIU1Vi
11I~1h11lrfllU111h i1l1l~IJ1111utitlfl-)UfliVlfllllJIIU1 rKuphuuuifflllH 2 IlJm 1igt1111htl~ 5
llfUigt1llJW~ lIluti1ll1lU~l-H~I~tJl-Hllmllil~UlJl~fl fl~ 1~rrl~1l6fliJIljq~ i jltl~IJi11(1 ri11 ~6~ Illi~llflQ~ IitI1~~1Ji4inlll11~lllJl(l 5-7 11 ii~ 1r1l1111llgtrf1J~llWh~1I1Ill1~~IUtJ1illJftll~fl~~ 11
)wn 11 lutlilJlw~lJlflnuVlt1
-0 jI
bull L3 fl1~llfl~1~Illl6f bull
Il16W~ltnl1Jil1J~Ijmh~mllJfl~1~mIl1l~ ml1Jm1m1l~Ull~Illl1UflJtl~ Y JI JI JI
9hIlIli1l I iI~1Ji1~ml1JillJ~Uj~wh~ Ii111 tlfl jj li1t1UflllfllrhlIllll111UfllllMui i ifilfl111
1IIJ simple linear regression lVio1thllfl~lJthl~llll systat version 50 allnfl1n1~j tiwnilfl
6V1lWO~ ImtllJI-viVIJl~oH T-test
9
Illlfl1jflillll
bull bull yen
fmffmlli1IJ-na~tl1~(1 V1Ul~lfll(l~huiJ~alff(lfJYUlfl~a(lllnwtl1flfllla~a~ um
JJ ~ I1l1~1i11h~~lfltl1flih hhf1IJ 1 0 f11nllJli1~If~ 1~1lJfJVIllVla~lflUlJIJ -Il~ V1lllJ1IlWrlJlJhi~lla~ih
bull fJ) II t
~ltla~-nilUliimiflgtlWUl1IJ Ul11i~-nihl1111SltfllflJlJ1I1W lJlJlii1a ~lfl ihtj GYlJlla lmfll~ tllffU tI ~ J II vl
a dllllJVi IJ VIfJ~U1UiI j lIU111-1 cl ~jflUll1J1m lIi ~ll II ihll1 ~IIlJI1l1lfUli1il111lYl1l1m II GYU lUll yen bull
lJ111l11J JIIJ ~hiiI1lJU1lili1
fllSllwim~luUa~~hillll~llll1i1 lli~1111i1GYIlIlVllJl~II1~ fIilfH1l~ tJIl~ dillih Y sJ bull
fIilfJ~UlllllimliilJlllul~lfli~1111i11l1~lmimiddotm1Ii1liVI1l~ j1m1lJl~I1~iillhll1ll ISPi1 V1lJ-nrilll1l bull
1l~lIllihlJaihlll~ ~1ll1ll II ~ UIlvi1lJlllhflUl tJ11f)fJll~ ~lll1ll 4 Pi1 1iJUIVlff~~lll1ll 7 Pi1
lllffliltJ~1U1IJ 8 ~ 1l1l~illlgl~lJ~lUU 41 Pi iJUV1ff~~lll1IJ 21 ii1 IVifftiluhIJ1IJ 20 ii1 al~ bull 1h1J1W 15-30 11 j~lflllnm~lIllUmjIJmli1tJ~
~ ~
12 IlflgtlWV1WI111V101
121 l5flgtlwihl tI
IlIili11tJ~iJlil1i111U9hJliIi1UUlfl l1i1l ~V1llllIJ1111i11~lJililJmrfl 202
~1 QiI 91 ~Ililfl amlJ mllJfl11IflSlla~ 484 1IfUllllJflS fl11lJJ11mli1a~ 505 IfUfll1JfI mli1a~I-lIl~llJ ll 1J
iiflgtlW1l10Vl1lJ011ll fJ~ lhii 3 wn lJ111W flal1l1li ~iJUiJ~llallm~ ll~1i11lJlIU1~hii1 ltii~ilUI~jf1i1 q ~ ~I x 1 l lUlI11VtJtJU1I1l 1114 m 1l llJllJlllJtl1~lJ1flUU m li1ll4nUllU GYYI1 mli1a4fllUVIll Iffll11f1S lJ iJ~llV
1 = 1 ~ 1 =yenlJ lflllll j lJ ll tJlllJ 1 flff mll a lJ UIl flll W IlJ Uti I-IUfllJ flIl1UU Il a 0 GY 1U IIfJI iJ fl j (IlllJm1l1i1i1 UU
dy OJd ltd1 Q ~ I Ylt$dll IllflUaVllllIJfllf1Hfl1lHffIi11t1fJmall1i111J1~GYU11tlfl 1 tlli11J1lJU ~1i11Ul~la ll111U llJlIlm lU1U 5
Igll Ul11n4iJl~1J~1U1U 4 ~ll illl11111lilala~1111~if~afiUtln1(Ji1~~ 4~1Jflmiddotht~11l1VfillliJ1i1 l5flllwmli1a~ ilmIi1M11l54 (shield) 37 UNU tI~flall~0mta~fla1~~ (neural shield) 5
IINll mli1al~lIJl1n~ (costal shield) oi1~1l 4 IINll mmmSllIJMlil (marginal shield) ffl~tl
II Nll m~s~mila1lUl1N (supracaudal shield) ffHIlt I IINll mli1tHrl1U~fili1fill1i1 (nuchal
shield) iJlllllillgfl mli1a~~lUllUl1lljll~fl 1 (keel) ifmiia~tlaUllllali1ull1flIlHII1 rl1UmilS~
~luVla~ (plastron) lhflall~vmiI6~rlU~filln1Jtla (gular shield) ilUU1ilI~fl 2 IINU mils~ ll1nwUll1Ul (humeral shield) 2 IlNIJ mils~ri1IJ~fili1nllll111Ul (inguinal shield) 2 mlU
mli1a~ri1Uafl (pectoral shield) 2 lINll mila4ri1uVla~ (abdominal shield) 2 UNU mila~lll
bull bull
c
(keel shield)
m~~fl~i1Ul1~
(costal shield)
(neural shield)
mltllmmJBlflU111~
(supracaudal shield)
10
I1ill] (axillary shield) 2 lUlu m~IINl]~1t11iJl11li~ (femeral shield) 2 miu m~IMihuiIJ
(anal shield) 2 Uf1U 1I1fI~lWpJ~ 2
ltl~ 2 5fl1JtII~~tlll~lHWm~Il~hIJl11i1uNum~1l1ff1Ufill~la~5fl1JtII~lfi1iJ1l1~htlltl iWI~1
122 R111l91fl~11II1I
R11111191 fl~11mh~ IIlll~II lt1 ~1Ilf1nmll1lt11 VIii IJ 1l91 Ill] h 1111 l~lJ1tJ I Illl~n
IJWll Igflfl11ll1In tJI15~n5fljjtllSft~11J2tl1lill11WIiIl IJfl11 IIl1l10J ) Idflll11 alJ fl1l Illlln tJ 1Il1l~~ Ild1W1Jil~t)JViWiilllfllJff1WI151m1I1l1~1W1U 3 Ill] ~Hfllt111 I 1IflIJ tY1W-iHm91IHltlil1lt1 1
UflIJ Ua~lJIlIJm~1l1illlmJ9I1lJlIW11A1IJ1l1m~1l11I1mllIJaflSlJlrlJI1tJJmJafh flllJ11fli1I1l1l
I IV (4 wlOI t ltV 44 IV I d ~ )8IlJ ~ IJ 1 tl N1flIll W1jlJW tW~1tJ tl1WI11lJ1flflJlJlI011 lt1fllltll UUnlJm1 lfflIJ1Utlfltl Il tI tllm fl lt11 IflO1
vi-i~Iilti thlll1nfls11 I11~6U tI11flhllllllilv tI~i11I111~1l11imheJfil] Ifltll111mflfl11IlIliltJ
bull UHtlnl11t1IWflIHtIm~1J1-i iJIJ ff1t1Illlln ~mO1Il1Mlti1fhl114hlifllWfltl1l1nl11t1 lli~ i1iiihh
$I S4 I _~ ~ dV I I Iq 1lt5 bull ~1Cl I11l1-r 11 lJ IIHU ll1l1U IlllflmIJ NU Ilflllt1fltlIltJ m fI 1l1191ClIIHIJ tlJlJl11f1l11t1UtlflIlHtI mftll1
~ihlItlI1jjlltlhlJtlmh~tnfiti IlllliltJ~)j1~iiIJtllA 111qJfl11tllll~ mi~ lA11l1flfli1 ~flihu
IIIltYtlfl11 iiiYJ111~~1U1tltllIlG ff1UI111gmfti ~tJt1mwh~l~jlJti1lJfi1J IflUI11~IilltJflill1lff
~ tlft~1t11tl~ 3 Itll 4
(nuchal shield) (gular shield)
mIIt)~U1I11I11IJ111111
(hurneralshield)
(in~inalshield)
(pectoral shield)
(axillary shield)
m~fl~lhufia~ (abdominal shield)
n~~elU1tuUltt6~
(remeral shield)
m~IINri1u~u (anal shield)
11
IHlil ~ III1~ v
ltl1i 4 iTn~~UlliltlIII1il~Ill~ilJW1lu~mYU III1~IINiiJW1iltllmlioll
12
123 fl11lJnlJWjn1Wi1~fl11lJfr)1~mfIHUtlI1111rfl f111lJVl1mflU~IUI1111rfl
lhtl1JillJL1l~lmlllfl~ihfl11rf111rmil~V 63plusmn14 fntlflflJ mllJfl1l~mOlU~ l11~tJ 312plusmn211lfUilll1fl~ fl1111Vl1fll~J~il~V 343plusmn261lfU~lJfl1 f111mYlJl~Un111h~fI11lJfl11~ m~U~UtlI11lfrflUtl~IltlilJi CW = 14226W+2216 R2 = 07295 l1lf11111fflJiun~wh~
fI11lJll1mf1~NUllUl11rflU1l~Iluiui CL = 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 lfffl~1lJ~tlVl 5
CL= 16962W 23474
R ~ 06247
60
50
40
30
~ 20 CW = 14226W 2216iij
RZ = 0729510
o
0 5 10 15 20 llnninlltnI i(nn
IILWmJJviiUl11rflmnV 154plusmn17 1111lflflJ f111lJfl11~mOlU~illlJ 432plusmn22
lIIUilLlJfl~ fI11lJV11mf1U~III~V 467plusmn17 IIU~lJfl~ tl11lJnlJiu1i~11h~fI11lJfl1NmOltHUll h1rflUNlli~ui CW = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 1I11mllJfflJiut1111h~f111lJVl1
w w 2 q _-ltmOllNUllUl11UflUNlllJIIUlj CL = 07377W+35368 R = 05489 lffOl~ Ullll16
ON 07377x +3536860
R~ 05489
- 50 ~8 ~ 40 ~
~
30 ~
05974 c 20 ~ 10
0
250 5 10 15 20
13
Vlqiim11J f) 11 Nifllfil-liU1lf) 1 n1~ Ii
I AS ~ d ltV j-v a I~ 11l1et~I-I nm Il I~~
d ll1tJ NifllVll-l Ij f)I-I Il~ f) 11H11-1U1l ~ f) 1114111-1 j If114IHJUIImfllJ
d fH
ijI-Iiii61-1nl-l11f1ll1~tJNiflJfiWifiu1uU1limiddotmllJU1i1f) 30-40 l1WiilllW lY1IVli~11tJ11n1-6lJ lt] 1i1 -= _I I 0 q I l ltV J 0 aI I IVli1llJIJHcrlUl1lJlf)VlWI-I 11fflVlillltJ lJNfl1461lf1 1l111111lJf) 1~64IJH1I1~1U1lmII64if11-1 f)UlJ6~ a~1 $ ~ li i w1
l~lVlIflJlJ ll1111lJlJll 30 U11lil4IJI-IfI6lJIVlIflJlI lIIJlIH 4 IINfllf)jilIHtI1I~IJHIII1VlIfIJJII
HlIlHy1 2 ltilmllJ~lJalJ f)j11 a4~l1-1r11l164IVllfliiIJUt11~I6f)IIlJ1ntll1hm16IJ64~mw ff11-1111i iii ~ bull
lilIJ611iJ 4 i 1-1 U 1 Hlti4 ~ 1mlIUllIf~ifV gt111 1l 11JH NIy 1 MH NIVllflilmYi JifJ~611J1ltilNiflJW inULVli
MA ltv d f t 11 ltQ
IlJlJ IlJJ if61lJ11J1lI1ifl-ll1INIllVlIflJJJ~1I1lJ1tl1 5middot10 W1Yl ~lf)I-I WVl1lVll-lllL1lUlJVlUIj If 1-1
tI lti4lti11f 1flW 1M~J111 VliV4i16~iiillnl-l J1111 lJltl1 5 mli4UIJt11l6t1i)1 t1nU61tl1i1~ii timltll111 W vi1lltlJ1l4111l II 1111-11I1l1JUNf) ~14 fit 1 tJ~iilllcenthIi1mh4lI64J1Jil~4~ t1 lt] Jggt1H
bull JJ
t1m4 2 ~4 VllJ11i1Ul~1l iflll1~1-1 IIf1lJJf)lJl il1f)ff11-11JIf ti~ilt1NfflJI-lifil-llff~ il )rtJ1Vli9i1~H ljgt1
66t1 ~lfla1111 IVl If~uiJ IJ fft1 fIi4If gt1lhjh I1I6yi1-1 li64IJ1l41hl-lt1 NIH iJ6W~lJ lI W 111IJJ 461tJ1tf1f
JI w dr dIJ11111lJltll 5-8 ll1UIlUlJm t11NlhlJ1tl1 8-10 ll1UllllJ~1 t11141)1f)NiflJIIW~1gt11111j1llJtIiJlf)lJI-I1 ~ ~ w d ~w w ltI d J w ltlw
llfU nmet I-IIVl6Nilllt1lJ IIJ UllIAll 11l1lJfll1NiflJVll-lljU1lt1lJU11l1lIJUr11iJ IlJNiflJIil-lljf1tMllllii
iQ J w ~ w ltI aK 1 bull 9 ~ ~~6f) If 1t1ill1t11 IfIjV4illtHfl1~NfflJVlUlj1lmllJt~1 ~f11ll1-11UlJU blJ6~lJW111ftVlnJVl1 ~ t1 111 1111 IlJ
ff1lJ11(lNfflJU~fltUutifi11 yj1lui~U4H1Ltiuihhlll-l~V4hll~flJfl11NiflJuili41lNfflJ lui1l111
a III I~I i1 4t OJ dl fit ai~1 I 1 ti d
H lti4 ~ 1fl1ltili 1 I IiflJt111IlUlJuill~ lJltll 1 1~1)lj Utili 11~lJ~UlJ1dn 1~11lilll11J 11flH 111H114114 I lIu 1 lJltll gt11-1 1gt16 W litl11f1lJ fl4ll m 1 rllJ1JI-I l14Yl H tI H Ijll illf) IlJ 1ft 111lllJfl1111 Yl 1J
111111t11 gt1 Vlnetui1i114 I Ii mit~11lfI llltljtllJl11~1 lilJUH 1ft Yl11t11U~UVi lllfl1iR1luolNWI-IU1l
v bullbull bull
1~lJlJff4lJ t~II9imn 2100 bull 0400 1-1 li1~IlIUq~I1i~1114 Iili14IilU4IViJ4IliU 1~lii1ltl1l1tJql11~Ii 1U11il11411il1n4iitl4flW lii6111hi1ii6f)~~114Ili1~UtJ1-11IJ111 n411~ 2 ~-NI~~tIIltJillfl111~lU
t1lti4 iimjtllfffiJ1~f)1llJl1N~1t1lh9i1111lJ11ll 3-5 LlJill m1lliit11l6~HllJlIlJlll 3060 1l11-~llJm ~ ~ ~J l ~ 1 I 1 ~r111llt1JN 20-40 lfU~llJVl1 Illllilllt1WifUIIU1l41fllllCl114lI fttJJt1tltlIJUlllflU6t1U1l1u1lWIl
II
6l t1lJl IJ IllvhN 11i I~11)iiUU1Iii U f166 t1ll lHri61~ IHIYi1llhfJH ril iiUinrIiill f1 lJl tlIfitI 11 llJ
w ~ ~_ ~~I i w1lf)lJtlII~lJ~UUrllJ1lIDIJ~ Ii6ill6~fl1 11IUUIIllt1lJtltlll1t)lJ ~1 ~4mlJl UfI11i1f1lIUil1
lJfi~tl Illi 1 litfi1H1Ii lif~ iJUU-iliJ1~lJmli4~tlYl11J1I~f11llJ1I1t111llJJum T4iJfl II~mJflU 1-Nmt iI bull
Ufl muIf)1I1t111ljll 1tl~1JIlUiJfttl1t11flll J1fltiWUtili1iJI~rl1lJ111111 lt] tlt1f1f~1~Uin~ihfl~6t1 II JI
fl1~t1 lJ 1 H Ii l1il~ J 1fltiuUUlh~fl1I1U 1l ~Ul 111 Illt1N1lt1l1 VI ill1lfi4VllJ11UUI~h1141lin4iYU
~11l1t1 14 gt11
bull bull bull
14
I lt14 d ltaJ jI d ff1UlyenllUJ1JllUTWUfl1HW 158plusmn17 f11nmll ml11f111~f11~ilfJ~tmW 433plusmn2A 1lfUillllil~ Wl111Vl1
m~ilfJ~m~J 469plusmn15 llfU~tuil~ UlivtUlj1Ht 8 ijlFl 14 tilInFlTm~tli 571 lltlfo1u~ ii
~Ii~1U1U 83 vlfJ~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jm~U lOAplusmn43 vlfJ~I1llnJlfil~tltl1111illijUti lyenlff~ihilWiJfl~~J
lIUiiilJl lllffiilJlhhl1ilFl~liu 15Ot17 filnflill ml11f1~mmiltl~mli1J 431plusmn21 lf1J~llJil~
mllJm1m~ilfJ~m~1J 466plusmn19 IfUlIllJII1 llliwUim11i 6 ) IllFl 14 11 tiil~1f11111~H 429
lltlflltUli mli~1U1U 53 vltl~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jIil~1J 88plusmn29 vltl~I1tlltl 8ilnFl1~VlFlllUIi1tm~8nFl1gt 9 ~ W 1 wi0ltlilllJ ~f111tfllJ~Fl1JmlW 458 lfl~ 415 1JtllllfU9l 1l1lJ1IlillJ Ui1iH U1lln~Il I IfI~ 2
lt lti j0
IV V I Illr I II t ~ ~IV M ~ IV I o1i d JJ 2 1l11Htl1 UlllUn frlmn114 m~fi11~lJnm~~J~IJJ~WJUtlWU~ lI1~1mml111 Il ~lU1U lJUll~J1l11m~1lf1lIUil1IJJ~9111nIJllUlI~VII11tl1111t1
1ltV1111111lllJlllmUJ
~ ~
W3WUi UJWUi UltIUI1 fI~l~ ~1l 1l111un fI~l~ 61l l1~~Ii 11ufi3ull ~lU1U llmiluii1 tmllfl 1u~1Ju1J 1~lJLlf1 ~lUll
(l1fl) (lIlJ) (Ji1l) (11fl) (lIlJ) (Jill) ~l1~1i Ii (WtH) (iil) () ~llfl (1u) ll1ii3nl~
iluiil (iil)
90 348 370 170 451 485 1112141 15 10 667 191342 98 10
84 340 370 155 425 460 II 1312141 5 5 1000 201342 97 5
54 292 316 158 428 464 22112141 9 4 444 28342 96 4
40 272 300 160 440 465 II 22112141 7 0 0
42 284 300 160 445 475 X ~
50 300 320 165 446 482 II 2411241 10 2 200 28342 94 2 (J1
70 338 364 132 390 444 X
52 308 328 145 420 463 X
62 316 346 140 392 468 X
54 294 320 202 484 505 II 3012141 18 10 555 21442 93 10
62 320 368 146 422 457 X
86 330 389 162 439 470 II 61142 8 0 0
72 320 361 150 430 450 X
54 301 324 164 450 475 121142 11 7 636 10442 88 7
62plusmn16 31plusmn23 341plusmn29 158plusmn7 433plusmn24 469plusmnJ5 lOAplusmn43 458 943plusmn36
1llJ 8 iil 83 wtH 38ii1 38 iil
c ~ ~
1ij1i1N 2 Jli1iln mllJf1~N Uflm1lJU11m~~ll~lJll~rlmlJI1lJi Jb~nfl1f1U1Ni~~llJ1lJ~Itfl69111f111V1ntlllJ~1IJ1l111mU~lJdl~~Miu1~middotm 1llHlJbJn~1J1miJlJfl
~ ~ Il~IlU~ ttlll1Ull
bull11lH1Jn n~l~ nll Jnnlfl 111~ ~ll 11~H 1u1~U1J ~U1U YlnJilu~1 iJil1JQf1 1UI~U1J jtJn~l ~U1U
(1m) (Ill) (lflJ) (lflJ) (lflJ) ~H1~ l~ (IN) (~1) () ~Ylf1 (1U) 1i~lJ16~
lriU111 (~1)
90 358 380 164 432 469 91214 7 2 286 1813142 99 2
76 326 354 122 390 441 x 73 324 355 160 453 490 13112141 6 4 667 201342 97 4
46 283 300 170 445 475 18112141 11 5 455 2313142 95 5
46 280 308 170 458 497 25112141 10 5 500 2913142 94 5 ~
50 300 320 144 417 445 x 70 328 370 142 44S 475 x 62 314 350 172 440 488 211142 13 6 462 114142 89 6
54 301 330 130 410 453 X
50 296 304 156 446 460 X
67 320 352 164 420 455 911142 6 o o o ~
66 325 366 132 404 442 x 74 320 360 144 434 449 X
66 299 367 130 450 480 X
64plusmn13 313plusmn20 344plusmn26 IS0plusmn17 43lplusmn2i 466plusmn19 S8plusmn29 41S 948plusmn38
11lJ 6111 5314H 22)l 22)1
bull bull
bull bullbull
17
mliWl1llJ1N1j~~W1IJVi 9 iIJ11fllJ 2541 ~lJg~1IJVi 12 lJml1llJ 2542 1j1~1ltn1J
~IJ 1lfl1J11iI lb flIJ ltfllWJ flyj ~H ffll11fllilUj l~flUWiilllJ1flgflfl hlifhJf11jlJ1~11iijllflMru tniSlJlfl
fl111liillWlfllgflflh 1jdlfl IJ~flfl1~VIflmHVi 1 1m 2 IIlJlf)11illltnlflliIlV 529plusmn36 flilJ fl11lJ
fl1HmgJ 4QplusmnO1 l1IJilllJltfll fl11lJtJ11mgu 66plusmnO11l1IJilllJltfl1 1lJll11iflli~V 524plusmn21 flllJ fl1111
fl1l~Ii~V 40plusmnO1 1l1IJ~lJfll ml11Ul1m~1J 67plusmn01 l1IJ~lJltfl1lI1lJ-i1~U lJtjVJflyjl)~IlZiJyjl)~ 1)1f11ft1lI)IJI)~UIllJI)~lI1f11fl1vlIJ1lllltlilJl1~ rll)~~ iJli1mru 24 ~i1l~ IIMll1f11Il1VlJIl~~W1 IflfllIJ ~ timiii~i1rll)IJ ~iUfl11IlfflJvflilflfl1Jllifhlflj liitnl1lJliwliatlfl jiflJ qUl11~1IJh~lgfl
ltlJ jll11 hjlt~~~1fhIJlifl~~~(raquo1gfllI)fJilui11~lJtiI)WflliltJli1~1IVIl)fl iIJ Ilflfl1JVIfllltN~ 1
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4 ltl 2 i _I dIJl~llJIIW1j (x) 0l1lJfflJfl11fltJ y = L8773x+21682 R = 06008 IIffVil~ lJllJrl 7 unOll1HVI 34
80
60 ~ ~ -~ c 40
r y ~ 1amp113x + 2l682
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0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IllH IlmhlIJl(nn)
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170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
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164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
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(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
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66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
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48+02
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bull bull
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bull bull bull
20
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10
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0 5 10 15 20 25
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21
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bull tI bull
1IfW~tlJi1Ij 1i1WI1VitnJl~1(J61H1i littYllJ1i111iiugiiIJU 11llllMtlflIIInJ 281plusmn26 fl~lJ f111lJfl ~H d lo cl ltV
milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
Itlv191W~hl 2 1gt1fl1HlltlltH 1i1WU1Htlfllfll~h (y) ~lU1W 60 ii iUU111tlflIJtHluJ~h (x) iiflllJ
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40
35
30 TI S 25 rsect c 20 j 15
F 10
5
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0
rbull y~ LS4S2+40918
R~ OSOSS 6
255 15 201deg - m ~ U1~lifitU 11 (nn)
22
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nh1lfl
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f1~6~fllJ11 IlU (2533) i 1l~1tlhtl Il ~1JtlVlU1II1l11l~ tll1JflVllJltVl1m iI1lllIflJ1l1tllJ11101IllflUl
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bull q ~ t q gt ~ q ~ 1 =~ ~ltl1t1t1llVlJ1fl IUlliilJII1ll I1l~llltl1 Itlllll~lI~ 1fl~~qtyVltl1j Itliltl1fllll IIl1 IVl iiltl1llllU
y
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bull bull
bull bull
23
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lIlligtilJ~1 fl11lJm1m~B~mj~ 60 lIll~llJm fl1~1I6~l1a~lJilnlibull fl11lJll~fl~H1Vlfl
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~ P _f d ~ 131 ltjI d P 1 l I II 4
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lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
mIl(J~l1n~iiltl1lJrmilllthU111~~IWlJl1fl111l1flliitJ 1lJnh~1I1iwli6~rUthlJflUlfljJ111~lJlflflh bull
lllflllJfJ
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IJUllilfJTlflil ii1flUI11~il1tYfl111lnillYI111e~i U 91111l1ti ~tleU1tJ m~111~lJ lflfl111YillllflliJlJ li~il~
lYlBlt1fl1fliUfl11NlYlJliili mllJfflJIiU11iHfl11lJfr)11mIIBltlUnlll11UflIJltJ~vl61iUi CW =
VI(J ~fffl1lJ I HUVIB~l[JIJllYlJ6flU il tl Bli1li~lH U fl1 fl6~lJtllJUIJ flllHU fl1 flltJ~rllll1 U
bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
IiUi cw = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 Utlfl11lJfflJlitJ1111lt1fl11lJ[Jl1m1i16~ltllill1t1fl
~ ~ VIq~fl1j lJmHlfflJI1tJ1j
YiltllfJ~U~~flfflJlitJiflU~~mm1Ultl~mmfiU j~I11HliieUlmfllJii~~Utieu
itJ11fllJ NfflJliuititJUJ1~jiiIJJliifl 300 lllU~lJ~j lYilI1fl~jUl~~ 4 -1i1~lmm~fHI1iltI IJ ll~1111llflljj fJ I~hnllJ~U~ IillllU lli1~ iJiifflJtlltJ U lt1I1lt1)e 11)11li fI fflJlitJiflU111fliilff IJ~ j IJfl1U 11 tl~ ~lflfllt1lJIiU(1111llflljjfJlI~IJJlI461~mfJ1UI~eNlYlJ flU1Ii Ulil11~1~fIJ fl1~NtlJliuin~I~IJJl 14e1~l1ti1~hiNfflJIiUifllJlYi1Vlfl~ fl lilIi1fllllUlIil~U1tJBdIJllUfll~m16~ titJ tilVlvleliUiHlt1lJ
J1Vfl tB~fltiltJ~fllJfiffiJJltlflm (2529) fl~11h11NtlJIiUiflU~1I1Hlii6UflUlJ1fJuii~KtJl~ltJU
bullbull bull
bull bull
24
VId1ulUfhj~tJ1Fl1f1fitJui11t1hmll~~JlJl11J ~1ullinlll 2100 - 0400 U1Wf11 Mti~~lmfutlljlllil1 flmUll~lh1I ~1U1111iii~~ulli 5-18 VItJ1 ~lflf11~VIllllfl11iiJulljVluiIIli11nJ9iUlnll~1tJtJ1M11ltfl
f111V1fllfl1~ 1 il-iJ91gt1f1111HIi 571111tl11oilU~ UIIdjjli~lU1U 83 WN ilfl1Ilillltl1~ 2 iiall~l fll1mW 429 11ltl11oiluli lll~ii~lU111Ii 53 VItl~ U1JlilijjjJlm1fl 470-588 flill fl11lJfl~H 38shy
42 llfU~lJ91 fl111Wl1 65-68 lfU~llJfll
l1fl1lWUtl1 Ii
fl1lW~ lilllilll1lJ91UI1lil1l1111IhtiuIllll flllVItH ffUl1fltlltJIinlll1lfttlf1 Ii ~1UU 111
~ d~ j dy UUfl1911ll1IJlllllJllllflf111 II1l1f)1 ~ fJ11J1I1fl1ltJJ
69111flU1lBtYUii1IllflllVlfl
Iillilll1tJ9iunilVlmnU~1~nll1 88-99111 ~tjwMSJil268-318 HfIlllfllllli1l1j IIll
11 Jj ~ _ ~ 1 ~ f 7 fl11lJlIU lt1 lJj VI I 802-903 1JtllllfUIII UlllllV1 ~lflUlJjU1jll1llJ1~nltllM1lflflllV1fllltlUl 1 1Ill
lflflllV1fllltl1~ 2 iiall11flllVlmlJulll 458 1Ill~ 415 l1Ifllollu1 1II1lJlh~lJ tUflflWllfllltl1~ 1 mj
I1li11llYlfl~1111U 2 all illflflllV1lllfl1~ 2 Illl9hiJJVlfl~lU1U 1 ull tl1~Iatl~~lflflllhililJli11fl 1fllJiJ1Iilfl11111ilm111hh~fllJ1$iilJfl11mVIlJm~ltlflu Jm~liiU1J1i1111lIl1flllliitJ 308plusmn32
flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
VIilllfl~ lliI~11tJ1MllVi1HllflllllVluilllilll11J~Ulnilli~ 2 WI iliiifllllitl6111llflllVlmnllIll1I1liVllli
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Qt teldQ
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fl11V1fllltJ1fffl1l1flll lJN11ll1ilu illiafll 1 11 ~ ulJ fl~11li11l1119iU l1lfl j1Jli1fl 1M 11~1IIllflullVlui bull
IlliltlllJfilllilfl1 2 lflf11~Illll~1 itliillllllifla91l1f111111 i uUll69111fll7Vlfl
1 rmfffl1l1fl-J~ihilu f1111jlVlU 1i~ii ~IlH1J1J7lnlJ 111m ullilVlfllu UtlflU fl11iif1Ufffllol1 ~ _ i 1middotmiddot 4 -l ~ ~ JiIf111U1U 1Jnfl Ufl1lllJ~flU L~U flll~1 nlJ M1mmfl~nfl UVIifllJ1Hlm1JiJlJ~WMlJlJllmllJ~Il
11
25
~ p ~ ~ ~ ~ bullbull ~ ~ ~ 111111111 U mtl~ulfJll 2539 fltlll1Jltlfl1lmfl~Un6pflll IlU ~1nVllnlltHu Vll 1VlV fl1N1Iljl flll
I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
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1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
lily ~ tI 4 It ltvIt t1IJlI lt111lJlJTUlII1 un 1lm vgWUIJ1t1 2525 l4tim1dl11IJUtiffVlJrl111l4UljlfllU1IJfI U
flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
1L1ilU ljfloWU( 2533 vhM111f1~ ~Tillt1~Ui1f1ifvl1Jll1iJflllitl~rl1U~11J1JlflUVllnfl ffl1llUIJ
i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
d tI~ ltI ~ 11gt ~ 1i(1lJti rllllt11~f VUUIlI rJllmiddotHlI~f 1i(Iln lllJUJllI1lI un mlln JfllJflW1U1Vl 2533 fllll1fllll
I
fl111J li1u1 U 1 ~1J flll1fi11ll1iiu61~Vlri1Jfl111J1lIflllfll 11lvhun61ll111ltlfl IIfl~1fl~lmm1J
11U~11Jfllff1J1JU11Jjlfl11Ugt~ltl2533 m1JU11H mYl 739-745~ hUfl~lUlrI~1Jflfl~flfllimjrullv~lfl~ 2543 lhiuumVlI1VlU dlUflllUtI~1Jfffl~IVmiflpoundjrullltl~ =OIV 4 d $1
lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
~ bull ~ q 1Iffl1UU tn1J1Vl1l~ 1Iti fll1il 1ilfj1JllI 2537 flIJIJ1I1UflII111tiIIIl1mlllIJ tU1JlVlf Vl(J 1Urll
~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
3
BREEDING OF PAINTED BATAGUR TERRAPIN
Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844)
Wonnat Hirunchulha Chaiyaphum Inland Fisheries Station Chaturat Chaiyaphum Province 36130
Chaiwat Ratanadadas Phattalung Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center Muang Phattalung
Province 93000 Sovakhon Roungrung
Chortip Jaroonsak Satun Inland Fisheries Station La-ngu Satun Province 91110
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study was done to evaluate effect of vitamin E on breeding on Painted Batagur Terrapin Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844) Experiment was conducted in two 20x30 m ponds at Satun Inland Fisheries station From August 1998 to September 1999 Broodstocks were stocked (14 pairspond) and fed with minced trash fish Amblygaster clupeoides mixed with Ipomea aquatica (1 1 by weight) at 2 of body weight daily Vitamin E at the rate of 200 mg per kilogram of food was supplemented to the animals for one pond while the other was not
Results revealed that wild broodstocks collected around the mouth of La-ngu canal La-ngu Satun Province female turtle was normally bigger than male Mating season started from October to early December Egg laying was at night from December to January Eight female spawned for vitamin E-fed group while only 6 female spawned in control group Average agg numbers were 88plusmn29 and 104plusmn 43 eggsfemale and size of 524plusmn21 and 529plusmn36 gm in weight 40plusmn01 and 40plusmn01 cm in width and 67plusmn01 and 66101 cm in length respectively Hatching time was 88-99 days at 268-318 degc of sand temperature Young cub had average weight of 281126 and 308plusmn32 gm with 415 and 458 hatching rate respectively Both survival rate were 100 No significant differences between adding and non adding vitamin E on feed
8
Key words Painted Batagur Terrapin Callagar borneoensis (Schlegel and Muller 1844) breeding
4
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8
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121 l5flgtlwihl tI
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II Nll m~s~mila1lUl1N (supracaudal shield) ffHIlt I IINll mli1tHrl1U~fili1fill1i1 (nuchal
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m~~fl~i1Ul1~
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(neural shield)
mltllmmJBlflU111~
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~ihlItlI1jjlltlhlJtlmh~tnfiti IlllliltJ~)j1~iiIJtllA 111qJfl11tllll~ mi~ lA11l1flfli1 ~flihu
IIIltYtlfl11 iiiYJ111~~1U1tltllIlG ff1UI111gmfti ~tJt1mwh~l~jlJti1lJfi1J IflUI11~IilltJflill1lff
~ tlft~1t11tl~ 3 Itll 4
(nuchal shield) (gular shield)
mIIt)~U1I11I11IJ111111
(hurneralshield)
(in~inalshield)
(pectoral shield)
(axillary shield)
m~fl~lhufia~ (abdominal shield)
n~~elU1tuUltt6~
(remeral shield)
m~IINri1u~u (anal shield)
11
IHlil ~ III1~ v
ltl1i 4 iTn~~UlliltlIII1il~Ill~ilJW1lu~mYU III1~IINiiJW1iltllmlioll
12
123 fl11lJnlJWjn1Wi1~fl11lJfr)1~mfIHUtlI1111rfl f111lJVl1mflU~IUI1111rfl
lhtl1JillJL1l~lmlllfl~ihfl11rf111rmil~V 63plusmn14 fntlflflJ mllJfl1l~mOlU~ l11~tJ 312plusmn211lfUilll1fl~ fl1111Vl1fll~J~il~V 343plusmn261lfU~lJfl1 f111mYlJl~Un111h~fI11lJfl11~ m~U~UtlI11lfrflUtl~IltlilJi CW = 14226W+2216 R2 = 07295 l1lf11111fflJiun~wh~
fI11lJll1mf1~NUllUl11rflU1l~Iluiui CL = 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 lfffl~1lJ~tlVl 5
CL= 16962W 23474
R ~ 06247
60
50
40
30
~ 20 CW = 14226W 2216iij
RZ = 0729510
o
0 5 10 15 20 llnninlltnI i(nn
IILWmJJviiUl11rflmnV 154plusmn17 1111lflflJ f111lJfl11~mOlU~illlJ 432plusmn22
lIIUilLlJfl~ fI11lJV11mf1U~III~V 467plusmn17 IIU~lJfl~ tl11lJnlJiu1i~11h~fI11lJfl1NmOltHUll h1rflUNlli~ui CW = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 1I11mllJfflJiut1111h~f111lJVl1
w w 2 q _-ltmOllNUllUl11UflUNlllJIIUlj CL = 07377W+35368 R = 05489 lffOl~ Ullll16
ON 07377x +3536860
R~ 05489
- 50 ~8 ~ 40 ~
~
30 ~
05974 c 20 ~ 10
0
250 5 10 15 20
13
Vlqiim11J f) 11 Nifllfil-liU1lf) 1 n1~ Ii
I AS ~ d ltV j-v a I~ 11l1et~I-I nm Il I~~
d ll1tJ NifllVll-l Ij f)I-I Il~ f) 11H11-1U1l ~ f) 1114111-1 j If114IHJUIImfllJ
d fH
ijI-Iiii61-1nl-l11f1ll1~tJNiflJfiWifiu1uU1limiddotmllJU1i1f) 30-40 l1WiilllW lY1IVli~11tJ11n1-6lJ lt] 1i1 -= _I I 0 q I l ltV J 0 aI I IVli1llJIJHcrlUl1lJlf)VlWI-I 11fflVlillltJ lJNfl1461lf1 1l111111lJf) 1~64IJH1I1~1U1lmII64if11-1 f)UlJ6~ a~1 $ ~ li i w1
l~lVlIflJlJ ll1111lJlJll 30 U11lil4IJI-IfI6lJIVlIflJlI lIIJlIH 4 IINfllf)jilIHtI1I~IJHIII1VlIfIJJII
HlIlHy1 2 ltilmllJ~lJalJ f)j11 a4~l1-1r11l164IVllfliiIJUt11~I6f)IIlJ1ntll1hm16IJ64~mw ff11-1111i iii ~ bull
lilIJ611iJ 4 i 1-1 U 1 Hlti4 ~ 1mlIUllIf~ifV gt111 1l 11JH NIy 1 MH NIVllflilmYi JifJ~611J1ltilNiflJW inULVli
MA ltv d f t 11 ltQ
IlJlJ IlJJ if61lJ11J1lI1ifl-ll1INIllVlIflJJJ~1I1lJ1tl1 5middot10 W1Yl ~lf)I-I WVl1lVll-lllL1lUlJVlUIj If 1-1
tI lti4lti11f 1flW 1M~J111 VliV4i16~iiillnl-l J1111 lJltl1 5 mli4UIJt11l6t1i)1 t1nU61tl1i1~ii timltll111 W vi1lltlJ1l4111l II 1111-11I1l1JUNf) ~14 fit 1 tJ~iilllcenthIi1mh4lI64J1Jil~4~ t1 lt] Jggt1H
bull JJ
t1m4 2 ~4 VllJ11i1Ul~1l iflll1~1-1 IIf1lJJf)lJl il1f)ff11-11JIf ti~ilt1NfflJI-lifil-llff~ il )rtJ1Vli9i1~H ljgt1
66t1 ~lfla1111 IVl If~uiJ IJ fft1 fIi4If gt1lhjh I1I6yi1-1 li64IJ1l41hl-lt1 NIH iJ6W~lJ lI W 111IJJ 461tJ1tf1f
JI w dr dIJ11111lJltll 5-8 ll1UIlUlJm t11NlhlJ1tl1 8-10 ll1UllllJ~1 t11141)1f)NiflJIIW~1gt11111j1llJtIiJlf)lJI-I1 ~ ~ w d ~w w ltI d J w ltlw
llfU nmet I-IIVl6Nilllt1lJ IIJ UllIAll 11l1lJfll1NiflJVll-lljU1lt1lJU11l1lIJUr11iJ IlJNiflJIil-lljf1tMllllii
iQ J w ~ w ltI aK 1 bull 9 ~ ~~6f) If 1t1ill1t11 IfIjV4illtHfl1~NfflJVlUlj1lmllJt~1 ~f11ll1-11UlJU blJ6~lJW111ftVlnJVl1 ~ t1 111 1111 IlJ
ff1lJ11(lNfflJU~fltUutifi11 yj1lui~U4H1Ltiuihhlll-l~V4hll~flJfl11NiflJuili41lNfflJ lui1l111
a III I~I i1 4t OJ dl fit ai~1 I 1 ti d
H lti4 ~ 1fl1ltili 1 I IiflJt111IlUlJuill~ lJltll 1 1~1)lj Utili 11~lJ~UlJ1dn 1~11lilll11J 11flH 111H114114 I lIu 1 lJltll gt11-1 1gt16 W litl11f1lJ fl4ll m 1 rllJ1JI-I l14Yl H tI H Ijll illf) IlJ 1ft 111lllJfl1111 Yl 1J
111111t11 gt1 Vlnetui1i114 I Ii mit~11lfI llltljtllJl11~1 lilJUH 1ft Yl11t11U~UVi lllfl1iR1luolNWI-IU1l
v bullbull bull
1~lJlJff4lJ t~II9imn 2100 bull 0400 1-1 li1~IlIUq~I1i~1114 Iili14IilU4IViJ4IliU 1~lii1ltl1l1tJql11~Ii 1U11il11411il1n4iitl4flW lii6111hi1ii6f)~~114Ili1~UtJ1-11IJ111 n411~ 2 ~-NI~~tIIltJillfl111~lU
t1lti4 iimjtllfffiJ1~f)1llJl1N~1t1lh9i1111lJ11ll 3-5 LlJill m1lliit11l6~HllJlIlJlll 3060 1l11-~llJm ~ ~ ~J l ~ 1 I 1 ~r111llt1JN 20-40 lfU~llJVl1 Illllilllt1WifUIIU1l41fllllCl114lI fttJJt1tltlIJUlllflU6t1U1l1u1lWIl
II
6l t1lJl IJ IllvhN 11i I~11)iiUU1Iii U f166 t1ll lHri61~ IHIYi1llhfJH ril iiUinrIiill f1 lJl tlIfitI 11 llJ
w ~ ~_ ~~I i w1lf)lJtlII~lJ~UUrllJ1lIDIJ~ Ii6ill6~fl1 11IUUIIllt1lJtltlll1t)lJ ~1 ~4mlJl UfI11i1f1lIUil1
lJfi~tl Illi 1 litfi1H1Ii lif~ iJUU-iliJ1~lJmli4~tlYl11J1I~f11llJ1I1t111llJJum T4iJfl II~mJflU 1-Nmt iI bull
Ufl muIf)1I1t111ljll 1tl~1JIlUiJfttl1t11flll J1fltiWUtili1iJI~rl1lJ111111 lt] tlt1f1f~1~Uin~ihfl~6t1 II JI
fl1~t1 lJ 1 H Ii l1il~ J 1fltiuUUlh~fl1I1U 1l ~Ul 111 Illt1N1lt1l1 VI ill1lfi4VllJ11UUI~h1141lin4iYU
~11l1t1 14 gt11
bull bull bull
14
I lt14 d ltaJ jI d ff1UlyenllUJ1JllUTWUfl1HW 158plusmn17 f11nmll ml11f111~f11~ilfJ~tmW 433plusmn2A 1lfUillllil~ Wl111Vl1
m~ilfJ~m~J 469plusmn15 llfU~tuil~ UlivtUlj1Ht 8 ijlFl 14 tilInFlTm~tli 571 lltlfo1u~ ii
~Ii~1U1U 83 vlfJ~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jm~U lOAplusmn43 vlfJ~I1llnJlfil~tltl1111illijUti lyenlff~ihilWiJfl~~J
lIUiiilJl lllffiilJlhhl1ilFl~liu 15Ot17 filnflill ml11f1~mmiltl~mli1J 431plusmn21 lf1J~llJil~
mllJm1m~ilfJ~m~1J 466plusmn19 IfUlIllJII1 llliwUim11i 6 ) IllFl 14 11 tiil~1f11111~H 429
lltlflltUli mli~1U1U 53 vltl~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jIil~1J 88plusmn29 vltl~I1tlltl 8ilnFl1~VlFlllUIi1tm~8nFl1gt 9 ~ W 1 wi0ltlilllJ ~f111tfllJ~Fl1JmlW 458 lfl~ 415 1JtllllfU9l 1l1lJ1IlillJ Ui1iH U1lln~Il I IfI~ 2
lt lti j0
IV V I Illr I II t ~ ~IV M ~ IV I o1i d JJ 2 1l11Htl1 UlllUn frlmn114 m~fi11~lJnm~~J~IJJ~WJUtlWU~ lI1~1mml111 Il ~lU1U lJUll~J1l11m~1lf1lIUil1IJJ~9111nIJllUlI~VII11tl1111t1
1ltV1111111lllJlllmUJ
~ ~
W3WUi UJWUi UltIUI1 fI~l~ ~1l 1l111un fI~l~ 61l l1~~Ii 11ufi3ull ~lU1U llmiluii1 tmllfl 1u~1Ju1J 1~lJLlf1 ~lUll
(l1fl) (lIlJ) (Ji1l) (11fl) (lIlJ) (Jill) ~l1~1i Ii (WtH) (iil) () ~llfl (1u) ll1ii3nl~
iluiil (iil)
90 348 370 170 451 485 1112141 15 10 667 191342 98 10
84 340 370 155 425 460 II 1312141 5 5 1000 201342 97 5
54 292 316 158 428 464 22112141 9 4 444 28342 96 4
40 272 300 160 440 465 II 22112141 7 0 0
42 284 300 160 445 475 X ~
50 300 320 165 446 482 II 2411241 10 2 200 28342 94 2 (J1
70 338 364 132 390 444 X
52 308 328 145 420 463 X
62 316 346 140 392 468 X
54 294 320 202 484 505 II 3012141 18 10 555 21442 93 10
62 320 368 146 422 457 X
86 330 389 162 439 470 II 61142 8 0 0
72 320 361 150 430 450 X
54 301 324 164 450 475 121142 11 7 636 10442 88 7
62plusmn16 31plusmn23 341plusmn29 158plusmn7 433plusmn24 469plusmnJ5 lOAplusmn43 458 943plusmn36
1llJ 8 iil 83 wtH 38ii1 38 iil
c ~ ~
1ij1i1N 2 Jli1iln mllJf1~N Uflm1lJU11m~~ll~lJll~rlmlJI1lJi Jb~nfl1f1U1Ni~~llJ1lJ~Itfl69111f111V1ntlllJ~1IJ1l111mU~lJdl~~Miu1~middotm 1llHlJbJn~1J1miJlJfl
~ ~ Il~IlU~ ttlll1Ull
bull11lH1Jn n~l~ nll Jnnlfl 111~ ~ll 11~H 1u1~U1J ~U1U YlnJilu~1 iJil1JQf1 1UI~U1J jtJn~l ~U1U
(1m) (Ill) (lflJ) (lflJ) (lflJ) ~H1~ l~ (IN) (~1) () ~Ylf1 (1U) 1i~lJ16~
lriU111 (~1)
90 358 380 164 432 469 91214 7 2 286 1813142 99 2
76 326 354 122 390 441 x 73 324 355 160 453 490 13112141 6 4 667 201342 97 4
46 283 300 170 445 475 18112141 11 5 455 2313142 95 5
46 280 308 170 458 497 25112141 10 5 500 2913142 94 5 ~
50 300 320 144 417 445 x 70 328 370 142 44S 475 x 62 314 350 172 440 488 211142 13 6 462 114142 89 6
54 301 330 130 410 453 X
50 296 304 156 446 460 X
67 320 352 164 420 455 911142 6 o o o ~
66 325 366 132 404 442 x 74 320 360 144 434 449 X
66 299 367 130 450 480 X
64plusmn13 313plusmn20 344plusmn26 IS0plusmn17 43lplusmn2i 466plusmn19 S8plusmn29 41S 948plusmn38
11lJ 6111 5314H 22)l 22)1
bull bull
bull bullbull
17
mliWl1llJ1N1j~~W1IJVi 9 iIJ11fllJ 2541 ~lJg~1IJVi 12 lJml1llJ 2542 1j1~1ltn1J
~IJ 1lfl1J11iI lb flIJ ltfllWJ flyj ~H ffll11fllilUj l~flUWiilllJ1flgflfl hlifhJf11jlJ1~11iijllflMru tniSlJlfl
fl111liillWlfllgflflh 1jdlfl IJ~flfl1~VIflmHVi 1 1m 2 IIlJlf)11illltnlflliIlV 529plusmn36 flilJ fl11lJ
fl1HmgJ 4QplusmnO1 l1IJilllJltfll fl11lJtJ11mgu 66plusmnO11l1IJilllJltfl1 1lJll11iflli~V 524plusmn21 flllJ fl1111
fl1l~Ii~V 40plusmnO1 1l1IJ~lJfll ml11Ul1m~1J 67plusmn01 l1IJ~lJltfl1lI1lJ-i1~U lJtjVJflyjl)~IlZiJyjl)~ 1)1f11ft1lI)IJI)~UIllJI)~lI1f11fl1vlIJ1lllltlilJl1~ rll)~~ iJli1mru 24 ~i1l~ IIMll1f11Il1VlJIl~~W1 IflfllIJ ~ timiii~i1rll)IJ ~iUfl11IlfflJvflilflfl1Jllifhlflj liitnl1lJliwliatlfl jiflJ qUl11~1IJh~lgfl
ltlJ jll11 hjlt~~~1fhIJlifl~~~(raquo1gfllI)fJilui11~lJtiI)WflliltJli1~1IVIl)fl iIJ Ilflfl1JVIfllltN~ 1
mjl~h liVlmlTll1IJ 2 UU 1IJ~flfl11V1fl1ll~~ 2 UUIWlUYlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 UU 1IJllflfl11V1flIHI~~ 1 Uti11i1 tiYlfl~TIl1IJ 2uU 1IJ~flfl11V1flntNVi 2 util~huVlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 uti Illl11iflllI)~HI~l (y) Vi)~1f1fl11
1Hjlll~til1IJili~ 2 lflfl11V101ntl~ ~11l1IJ 14 mi 5111 136 vltN il111111fflJI1mlilllJltflHfltlthmXfI
4 ltl 2 i _I dIJl~llJIIW1j (x) 0l1lJfflJfl11fltJ y = L8773x+21682 R = 06008 IIffVil~ lJllJrl 7 unOll1HVI 34
80
60 ~ ~ -~ c 40
r y ~ 1amp113x + 2l682
~i 20 R =06008
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IllH IlmhlIJl(nn)
ltili 7 fl11lJUlJI1m11wiwihmrfl Ii I~ lflIJIllt11ifllUMlJtlfil11ltJ~hHlJfl
ltC lt
I ll
(11m~J 3 U11~1lit~mftUU1~lm~lliwml)0illO1li U)~Ull~uiYil1l1ft)~~J~~w~mmlll~lJ1nlJU~ tllq 1 1U
~ UlJI1tl1j 1li1~1 f1l1ll1
bullbull ~ bullbull ~ bullbull ~ tllWWO O~H em Ul11Ufl O~l~ 1111 IllllUfl fl1H fin
(00) ( lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ)
170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
OJ
164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
IllftfJ 167plusmn15 445plusmn18 476plusmn15 529plusmn36 40plusmn01 66plusmn01 308plusmn32 49+02 53+02
~
eo ~
bull JO
mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
~ UlJWWl i~~l )111911bull
~bull bullbull bull~
Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
iliVJft
48+02
1liVJft
5lplusmnO3
co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
~lU1llilh (y) ~i~mf1fl1j1Nl~IJJ~1iilfli~ 2 l~flWIlIltJ~ tllflUlli91l 14 u1i bull
11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
()
E
20
~ ~ gt ~
i ~
15
10
5
0
y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
~tlll 8 f11111fflJilJlhI1h~hlJ1U 1lil~ ltiull1In1flu1iilJ (WiTiltlftlJl1l1l
jmlhi1flVJfl~lflllii~I~1lJil18 jjUlfllJ 10 lJlIlJlJ 2542 l~lmiddotn 88-99 llJ iI Q A IV ltI Iq
flrulUl1l 268-318 J~flWllmlflff f1111lIJUirlJIfIl1l 802-903 I1JVWlIlJllI (911jl~Il 5)
~ln~1l5 Jml1tliJIIv~IlnJ (Oe) lif111lJnfl 30 lIil~llJ91j 1l1lf1111JiilJirlJill1i() ilJUJYiflill~l ~
I J tV ~ lVitll llml1JlJ
~
(0C) f111lJlfIJ 1JIlllll()
Iifl 268 903
lJfl 282 830
fl Il 305 850 d
1111 306 802
Ill 318 894
llUlI) 296 plusmn20 856 plusmn43
bull bull bull
21
I II Q 4s T r t II I gt1 ~I ltltftill fl1WVIl~lJtJ~ IJUIltYtlHlllVWWVlfllJ1lgiraquo1Hm~tHVIl~HffjVI 3 Ill 4 UlJ1tl1 5-10 1W tJIi~~UI11Jtl tmt1lJOWllTI111 ~f1~hiiWf1~U~1imJ ] mi1IlltliMHhllgtlll ~luwifii~uj
(keel) gt~ll~uU11tf~ iltllim~l~mitlFluulfliim~llHn~uNuIll~lJ mIll~U~nmmiii bull
ll1vihllllltjjlJ~lU1U 3 ItfJU f1lUU1flllHraquoltl~ IllfJU tU11l1l ]ll 1 UfJU Ul1Im1l6l~WllUii laquo4 I I 013 II d II d d QIe l d J 1n14 d ll~1~fl11ll1Uraquo1ltltl flUl IJ tltlUUI1ltllJ1lJ VItHllUl1f1llJ U1HUltmmHU il1tl1tHUl tltlllUU t lJlItflltlgt
t~ml1l(J HlllJl11J-lJlm 08 tlfU9IllJl1Ii
I bull ltII II dl II ltto laquo4 At ltII d ~ fl1111 ill fllJllt Ill fill 1j Il VI1ltlJ I111 Vll M 1 l ttY j lJ 1i111lJ Ul lJ IIU 111 llH II IlLUltl1l
ltV v d ltr d 3R8plusmn32 flilJ fl11lJfl11lm1l6tUltlIJ 49plusmnO2 llUl1ItlJIl Ull1J11lJIJ11mI1lltUlllJ 53plusmnO2
bull tI bull
1IfW~tlJi1Ij 1i1WI1VitnJl~1(J61H1i littYllJ1i111iiugiiIJU 11llllMtlflIIInJ 281plusmn26 fl~lJ f111lJfl ~H d lo cl ltV
milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
Itlv191W~hl 2 1gt1fl1HlltlltH 1i1WU1Htlfllfll~h (y) ~lU1W 60 ii iUU111tlflIJtHluJ~h (x) iiflllJ
~ ~ ~ 2 i oJlllJflUfiIgt1ltYlJflli y= L5452x+40918 R = 05058 ttY U~lJ1l9
40
35
30 TI S 25 rsect c 20 j 15
F 10
5
0
0
rbull y~ LS4S2+40918
R~ OSOSS 6
255 15 201deg - m ~ U1~lifitU 11 (nn)
22
_I 11 1 Iflln1J1UHu1~fl11U0~lm1l11J11IUlu~
- r QJ r
1l [)tll6~61flU1l~m~IVlim~illl bull bull Sf
ntlVi6gmffl1II11l1U~tl1l~01ffJil~lJ1mlllhfd6UlhfUUhhl1l~hiT~Il1l6~lI~S VllJ
1J~1ruthtllti~IJ6~lhflll6~Viihiliif)i1f)Wru~U11tl ihmmJflJlJ lftl ~UlJiii6 illfl t1113 l1lJlIlI~ f bulllfl~flH )j61J61ffl6~ltlU1llllJYltI~6~U lUlId1UU11m~lJflIJtllJ1111Vl~lJtlrll1h 1161JntJ~mlll ~Vi
~I d ~ I ok d de x l q IIGI
lIlllJIJ1 Im~f)tl1JlI1IJln~mf) IJ~ 11ilfJ l 1mllUl~mfnJtl 1 lJtllJ1lJtlVltJ~tlIilVl11l11llll~milfI~
1IgtIgtllIlI1tlqt1f1lll11~ lilll1Jtl1uVl1J11lmtlmlltnil~u lJ1~U 11 fl6~fl~il~timhwf)~ltltIlJ flf1~16fllt1f)WtUII6~)j1~ (2543) i1V~ltlhIll1ml9itldlfll1ltl1II1Vi61fffJ6yitlU1niillJ Umli~VllJhv
tl1~1lJ1ltlutiuliim~llllitlutlftUillffVilrJltlll1~fl ImNutaphand (1979) 11l~ltjhlllll11fJ 9i tl1l fl11 tltfll1Vi111l1fll flqtyWtl i fllfll1J1nru111fUuihu1l11ti~1lll6~U1iTflVi~fllt1f)W ru~1 flll1J
nh1lfl
mUVljmlfJIJ6~(lhll1l~lu1Jgtlltli~111gt1t1~lI Vl1JlUvn~ f1l16~lIJ ltllI~~ lit6~ ~ 1flflll6~ ll~ ~ djltlflll6~YiiiIJtl1ll 11t)) ii~tlU1j) lflij~111llgtl1~lIl1~i~111~WV1~tll~iimlllll11lJ1flflh
A d lt) a a lt) ~ I A 5ff 0 d 1lll6~6t1 1 VllJUVl1llllllJlIlI~ ll11JJlf1lItVl~m~llllJlIu1fltll tl6~1l1m1JtIllllJlIYI6~llflllm tI6fl
f1~6~fllJ11 IlU (2533) i 1l~1tlhtl Il ~1JtlVlU1II1l11l~ tll1JflVllJltVl1m iI1lllIflJ1l1tllJ11101IllflUl
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f1M~Jl~~ lI~lJlf)tllf1l16~1Jlf)1Jl11 CJHl1JtJtIlIJ1l6lll6~f1l1lNlI~ illI~ l tlllll IVlJ~llfll1CJr~1l6~
bull q ~ t q gt ~ q ~ 1 =~ ~ltl1t1t1llVlJ1fl IUlliilJII1ll I1l~llltl1 Itlllll~lI~ 1fl~~qtyVltl1j Itliltl1fllll IIl1 IVl iiltl1llllU
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fltI f11i ~11II1llUlii11 tia 6 d~f1 Jl )~ Jl ~ 6l ~lii6~1J 1~1fl lJ I 101filla~ lI ~~~I1JUl11 ci~ 61flVIJ 6~ 11111 VI j1
)jij~ih lWtJ~I tlVluiiUtlOafl14YU lBffll11J iUlJ11tlfllit6IillIlilUfltl 611 1m1~lrii6 dtifl1l6~lI~
~lIll1I lf~1nm1lJ~61111111ilUtfll1~n61~iiU~~i1Jl1ll111lV~tll1l 1~1Il(t1ci6lm~~flll6~1l~Ih I riiilllJiiu~l1JIlfUflU
~ ~ J2 llflllruYIWlfllVIU1
~flllru~l111 bull
~1f) f111 VI fl 1l 6~VllJ1111i llll uliitll1l~ l1ltllIll1lh~fl fl1 ~ 6~ II~~ (terrapin)
IItl1llltltj) lt1f)llrul~lnlt)1111Nl~6fltl~lm~11l 11111Ulijl~lJ~ltl1tl 5 ~lJ ff1UlJ111lt1~ii 4 y
~lJ IVlflliifJIlJlJtJ1fl illqiViqflii1i111Ufl 202 fill1fl1lJ fI11lJfl~1~mflN 484 CJrtl~lJm m111U11
bull bull
bull bull
23
~llll1lltl~(Jl~hlllJflmHlJIJ(Jliiu1 ihrfllJmIhhJtiltJ lJlhtltlfl 17 il1tlflilJ fl11lJJl1mIlB~~6~ 58
lIlligtilJ~1 fl11lJm1m~B~mj~ 60 lIll~llJm fl1~1I6~l1a~lJilnlibull fl11lJll~fl~H1Vlfl
mllJl~fl~l~~ 11h~lllfl~ lmJ~lldJlI 9l11~lJ1JlllfllJliiUIl1111l1flhllff~ mi~ ~ ~ ~ P I~middot ~ middot1 1fl~~llltltI1ll1fl11llflrjn flll m1 fltllJfl111l1lJ I U m1I6~11n~mmll lJtlllllJnfl] IJUUNU m IlIH
~ P _f d ~ 131 ltjI d P 1 l I II 4
U (J UlJ lfl m lltH Ill U 1l6~jjfl ~ lJ UNll Vl6~l U66fllJlU 1~ll6fllI flU 61lliN 11 mIlB~UYIn W-IU IlJ lJmll y
lJfl Ulffnlltf1Ul1 1lJlhhnn tJlmmjlJU1lIJtJlfllJffll1ii6~61lU iJff1l 1li~11JlliUIllff~ tf1jJ111~I~fl (Vlt$ltu j1 4 1$1
jjUfl11llfl~ Yl11lJ1lIllfllmII(J~mNlJlIflIJ1l1ll1ll 3 llflIJ ~flltl1~ 1 UOIJ lY1UUl~mII1l~Ul~tl ~ 1 n -l1 lflIJ ltllU1lIJm1i16~lJllflIJltllJllU1 fl~U1l~mliljH 1il1l16IJ lJUUllillllflfl111VlflllW lllJflll1l1
lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
mIl(J~l1n~iiltl1lJrmilllthU111~~IWlJl1fl111l1flliitJ 1lJnh~1I1iwli6~rUthlJflUlfljJ111~lJlflflh bull
lllflllJfJ
11 tiII~flUthtlfl~lUlt1jlJ lt111~16flaflll mUltJ ~l1~ (2543) mi1111111~lJe~ lYi1lllfl~ 11 lvi111 lI11JUiJfllJ
IJUllilfJTlflil ii1flUI11~il1tYfl111lnillYI111e~i U 91111l1ti ~tleU1tJ m~111~lJ lflfl111YillllflliJlJ li~il~
lYlBlt1fl1fliUfl11NlYlJliili mllJfflJIiU11iHfl11lJfr)11mIIBltlUnlll11UflIJltJ~vl61iUi CW =
VI(J ~fffl1lJ I HUVIB~l[JIJllYlJ6flU il tl Bli1li~lH U fl1 fl6~lJtllJUIJ flllHU fl1 flltJ~rllll1 U
bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
IiUi cw = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 Utlfl11lJfflJlitJ1111lt1fl11lJ[Jl1m1i16~ltllill1t1fl
~ ~ VIq~fl1j lJmHlfflJI1tJ1j
YiltllfJ~U~~flfflJlitJiflU~~mm1Ultl~mmfiU j~I11HliieUlmfllJii~~Utieu
itJ11fllJ NfflJliuititJUJ1~jiiIJJliifl 300 lllU~lJ~j lYilI1fl~jUl~~ 4 -1i1~lmm~fHI1iltI IJ ll~1111llflljj fJ I~hnllJ~U~ IillllU lli1~ iJiifflJtlltJ U lt1I1lt1)e 11)11li fI fflJlitJiflU111fliilff IJ~ j IJfl1U 11 tl~ ~lflfllt1lJIiU(1111llflljjfJlI~IJJlI461~mfJ1UI~eNlYlJ flU1Ii Ulil11~1~fIJ fl1~NtlJliuin~I~IJJl 14e1~l1ti1~hiNfflJIiUifllJlYi1Vlfl~ fl lilIi1fllllUlIil~U1tJBdIJllUfll~m16~ titJ tilVlvleliUiHlt1lJ
J1Vfl tB~fltiltJ~fllJfiffiJJltlflm (2529) fl~11h11NtlJIiUiflU~1I1Hlii6UflUlJ1fJuii~KtJl~ltJU
bullbull bull
bull bull
24
VId1ulUfhj~tJ1Fl1f1fitJui11t1hmll~~JlJl11J ~1ullinlll 2100 - 0400 U1Wf11 Mti~~lmfutlljlllil1 flmUll~lh1I ~1U1111iii~~ulli 5-18 VItJ1 ~lflf11~VIllllfl11iiJulljVluiIIli11nJ9iUlnll~1tJtJ1M11ltfl
f111V1fllfl1~ 1 il-iJ91gt1f1111HIi 571111tl11oilU~ UIIdjjli~lU1U 83 WN ilfl1Ilillltl1~ 2 iiall~l fll1mW 429 11ltl11oiluli lll~ii~lU111Ii 53 VItl~ U1JlilijjjJlm1fl 470-588 flill fl11lJfl~H 38shy
42 llfU~lJ91 fl111Wl1 65-68 lfU~llJfll
l1fl1lWUtl1 Ii
fl1lW~ lilllilll1lJ91UI1lil1l1111IhtiuIllll flllVItH ffUl1fltlltJIinlll1lfttlf1 Ii ~1UU 111
~ d~ j dy UUfl1911ll1IJlllllJllllflf111 II1l1f)1 ~ fJ11J1I1fl1ltJJ
69111flU1lBtYUii1IllflllVlfl
Iillilll1tJ9iunilVlmnU~1~nll1 88-99111 ~tjwMSJil268-318 HfIlllfllllli1l1j IIll
11 Jj ~ _ ~ 1 ~ f 7 fl11lJlIU lt1 lJj VI I 802-903 1JtllllfUIII UlllllV1 ~lflUlJjU1jll1llJ1~nltllM1lflflllV1fllltlUl 1 1Ill
lflflllV1fllltl1~ 2 iiall11flllVlmlJulll 458 1Ill~ 415 l1Ifllollu1 1II1lJlh~lJ tUflflWllfllltl1~ 1 mj
I1li11llYlfl~1111U 2 all illflflllV1lllfl1~ 2 Illl9hiJJVlfl~lU1U 1 ull tl1~Iatl~~lflflllhililJli11fl 1fllJiJ1Iilfl11111ilm111hh~fllJ1$iilJfl11mVIlJm~ltlflu Jm~liiU1J1i1111lIl1flllliitJ 308plusmn32
flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
VIilllfl~ lliI~11tJ1MllVi1HllflllllVluilllilll11J~Ulnilli~ 2 WI iliiifllllitl6111llflllVlmnllIll1I1liVllli
WllllltJ~ 111l1l viii1J~~1IJfl lM11141flYlllfiflJt1I1lJIl ~~jj11ll1illJ6~lfl11 iiallll1 fl11 Vl fll1]lJ ~11fltllfltJ1
Qt teldQ
fllJtl1M 11 VIlJ 111l1lJllfl l~fl11
fl11V1fllltJ1fffl1l1flll lJN11ll1ilu illiafll 1 11 ~ ulJ fl~11li11l1119iU l1lfl j1Jli1fl 1M 11~1IIllflullVlui bull
IlliltlllJfilllilfl1 2 lflf11~Illll~1 itliillllllifla91l1f111111 i uUll69111fll7Vlfl
1 rmfffl1l1fl-J~ihilu f1111jlVlU 1i~ii ~IlH1J1J7lnlJ 111m ullilVlfllu UtlflU fl11iif1Ufffllol1 ~ _ i 1middotmiddot 4 -l ~ ~ JiIf111U1U 1Jnfl Ufl1lllJ~flU L~U flll~1 nlJ M1mmfl~nfl UVIifllJ1Hlm1JiJlJ~WMlJlJllmllJ~Il
11
25
~ p ~ ~ ~ ~ bullbull ~ ~ ~ 111111111 U mtl~ulfJll 2539 fltlll1Jltlfl1lmfl~Un6pflll IlU ~1nVllnlltHu Vll 1VlV fl1N1Iljl flll
I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
rIUU lyj~I ljtJIli1t1 lIl1UVll nlllti Ilfl1lflW1Ul11 Itti nl1iJ Itfl~ti~U 2529 flllffml1lifv~ jIJ ~ I ~I
1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
lily ~ tI 4 It ltvIt t1IJlI lt111lJlJTUlII1 un 1lm vgWUIJ1t1 2525 l4tim1dl11IJUtiffVlJrl111l4UljlfllU1IJfI U
flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
1L1ilU ljfloWU( 2533 vhM111f1~ ~Tillt1~Ui1f1ifvl1Jll1iJflllitl~rl1U~11J1JlflUVllnfl ffl1llUIJ
i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
d tI~ ltI ~ 11gt ~ 1i(1lJti rllllt11~f VUUIlI rJllmiddotHlI~f 1i(Iln lllJUJllI1lI un mlln JfllJflW1U1Vl 2533 fllll1fllll
I
fl111J li1u1 U 1 ~1J flll1fi11ll1iiu61~Vlri1Jfl111J1lIflllfll 11lvhun61ll111ltlfl IIfl~1fl~lmm1J
11U~11Jfllff1J1JU11Jjlfl11Ugt~ltl2533 m1JU11H mYl 739-745~ hUfl~lUlrI~1Jflfl~flfllimjrullv~lfl~ 2543 lhiuumVlI1VlU dlUflllUtI~1Jfffl~IVmiflpoundjrullltl~ =OIV 4 d $1
lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
~ bull ~ q 1Iffl1UU tn1J1Vl1l~ 1Iti fll1il 1ilfj1JllI 2537 flIJIJ1I1UflII111tiIIIl1mlllIJ tU1JlVlf Vl(J 1Urll
~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
4
ftllh
-vshy llil~untllilfliiYI1iL~lllf1VmJl~lh1J11l 257 IIUil (species) hl1hallllhl1J~lJ ~lUlU 28 IIUil H1mh1J11U 10 Ul~~mulfJ1ImiufifuLijtH 26 IIUil uliUf~Illl~lllflh~
lt bull bullunaYl1l61l 2 lIUil llil~iru~Uu~~millJ1uuH~~hml1mnhU1J~IlJ thLIIil~lUIh1luiff1 laVIlfHI1Ulu Class Reptilia Order Chelonia lll~iruyh 1Ilfliil1~IUJil 12 1~ff (family) luIw
~lJ 6 1~ff iiil l~ff Cheloniidae ~U01~1llIltl (marine turtles) 1~ff Dennochelyidae 110 l~
lIYItJ~ 1~ff Emydidae 11iuo ~lJlliil (freshWaler turtles) 1~ff Plalysternidae lilln lh~1 (big-headed turtle) 1~ff Testudinidae ~1l0 lfilUfl (tortoises) l~ff Trionychidae111un il~1U
(softshell turtles) (L1111iiauIIt111i1 2537) U1111fffl~mIl11~1I1f11l 6 l1i1J-lui 10 ~qllD111elU
25 37 fll1l Uf n eJ~l ffil1ill~11 fl1 l~ illl1~1 1lfirfll~iff ~11Iltl ~lIm l~ffiIiI raquo11i1I11J~ 11 dlil 6110lt ~GJ_It ~ ltf
HltJlf11H1Hil~1JUffmlJ1rlImll~il1m1eJlftJUl~1il1UIIf1mlJUn1U1UIl~tlU 29 WA (ljlJIililU
2539) bull J
If lltl1eJ~U1lilI1lUhiJm Jlfl1l1fl1UU1Ylffl1l J1JlftlmgluUlfl~tJeJ U1~fIl~lllJh1JU1jj11J1 v bull II I
1 uullu1iimfi11111umll~U thlraquoH IIl1JfmflilHJ-lt]ltOfl 1nilft1J11iUf1UUllif11i1eJ 11lulhfiiiffff1eJ
~11l iimHl~1ll1mil1JU7nlUmfll~f1lU~HUtJ~U1mffIl1J ~ltO~H-lill11i1111 111ltO~1lAllf1i1TU
utJllOlmflil~llU~Ulmff1J1IltlI~J 1111111I1i111 1lltl111Uvuen (1htlm1Uitl71JfffHItJflnmml U1J~lI191 2543) l~hll11J~lJt1lilI1lU I 111 13 lIUilUlHIlhU11iilfi~U1IJUlllffhw 11lUfflliIH11Jlfl 9~ t dOl 14~fl1lfll~U1j (Nutaphand 1979) lJm~1J~UU~ltllllJflIfl1llmil1mmIJ mff(J1JIl~lJ1~illtmlJ1
y bull
mltJU711UU1flullU1 (lhilU 2533) 1111 llff 2525 mlJUlJ~Miifl1nil~1illiuil~lUltil iIJ
ihltllll1~ fjUhil~ih~lm1J~lJt1l~ Il1fftJvd1lJfIltltJ~ltl~ hll1all~ ltO~Illilff~l1 (1llh lUllltl 1i~ ~ y J y
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ull1iru lU~ fJlJ4fJl1luffo 1iiu1 11 ~J11i~lto~H -lil ffij lI lPi lltll1JWU n~il ~lU1IJ 11 flltl~ 111 fllrla~ illfljfl
mfgtlaiU~lJ1lllJ~ltlfl tl mff1J~fJdiUli jlJ]j1~U711fl1il1lf11JLillU1flmJJ1~mhmeJ mnhU1lHYi ~ ~ ~_Id 1 ~I bull d g ~ if NiI fl~ HlJ 11J lm1 UUII1fI IVlllJMU 1l1J il~ llJll V1~1UI ~ l~IItJ~lJfl11I1fl1llO~fll l~lllU1jl~l
Ivlll ~1 U 1Ulf1111eJflU l1l QiI tu Ii 11Ilf191 IVi a fI 111JH 111 fI ~ ltl11JIl1~l111lllU a~Il lwenmifilJ111lJ
tJ Il iffllflllJwheJfl111J H 111 fl ~m VVl Hf1fll~ )111filmnfl11lJll U1u 1111fll Iflill ii 11 6VialvllJfI111J
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t UQl)ftelUNtllIliUi 011 il~Qtl11~1 ~Ui1ulll~hiifll11H1llUllfl~l~f1IJIll~tli1~ (~1lJl1UltlfllU
2533) il~IlVll~i ~Qil1iJU~lff711umlll lJ1l1U li4fJ~lli1fJ1Mflll aUliui11~UtJ~l~llll(J9iIJl1ltl iilh ffllil fll~~~I l~mvllJll71l1IUlihi u jjjlJ]jl~lIu
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1l1fffJUft fll1 Ull1mil1fJlJ1l~ l~1~11m1lJI~11lJi~~ilJ4ilJlflli111l1lJ~ fln 111JnlJl1luhiuil a 1~ w f gt K
lillft1VillJL1JiI li)1lJVIlJilft~fl11lJIJ11 100 IlJil1 lIfl 5 llJil1 lJll1111i11tl1U 4 U1 11lJnlJlRII1lI1~JU
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fllJlllll U fl ~1 IJ l~oilll11J~ IIllflU~llrliIl i fl 0i~lllllUfl(W) mbmllufii ll flflJ111fl1llJfl~1 ~
flj9Il~(CW) ll~191mllJJl1mfll~(CL) HIllll1flml1tJlihjIlrl-l~lJflj 1l1fl11lJiflJViuIi1iltJi~
1j9ljlYIJf11ji1Ugtlj~ (linear regression)
CW~a+bW ullCL~a+bW lfltJ
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CW fl11IJfl~1~m9Il~h (carapace width) dlutlfu9IllJm
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a till b Illufhfl~~
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111~ ilflllWff unmVlJlJmlilv~
121 U~lJflWVllilnV~
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(Ipomea aquatica)lJliI 51i111ff1IJ 11 lli1VU111irfl ~-rrlJ
11i11iiIJV 200 iin~fl1lJlm1111 1 iHM1lJ
lflilf111V1li1nV~~ 2 lMJm11il~t~v1 (Amblygaster clupeoides)lJliI ~-rrlJHfl~~
(Ipomea aquatica)lJliI 51i111ff1IJ 11 lli1tJ1h11irfl
fl1tUIJ f111V1li1n v~-vi-rrll1ihhmU111i1 ~~1111i1-rrliln vi~ui t$1VIJ ff~111fllJ 2541 ti~t$1VIJbull
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t~mlv~ tiIJ ti 111nlJ 11il 11 il~fl1fllllJ~1VIiIllhvtiIJu-rr~ 50 tllv1tojIJ1 t~vlv~tiIJ f111lJ fvIJ fIlV1lJii
UVU1tllIJ UVflVlJfl11i1IJlJ11i1 5x5xO5 tlJm 1llJU1l1fl 40 tllIJ~tlJIiI1 li1f111lJ-rrm~l1jv 1IJlh~tltN1
nm 0900 lJ1Wf11 11il~~lflirIJ1il1fluvlMuM~trilJU11MtvimvilJt~lJllJlh~U1Vnn1 1300 lJ1Wf11 Ill
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t1VlJlliIJWJVf1lJ1 111~V11iiIJIJl~lmulflIJ111~fl~1~ 12-15 U1 V114-5 ih ff1IJmfftiivilflllW~1IJ flnlJ iiU111 irfllJlfl fl11tliff~fl1 ~ V~ 11 il~ 1I~ l IJ lJ 1flfl11 tliffQfftVilfl1m1iI V~ lliiimv mlilv~rilJU~
51 lI bull lI ltII lt D lI lt d lI QIlIlts lI ltgt
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ltgt A bull lIQ I lIlI lIt V11 2 -25 IJ1 un 1iI1iI tmv~11lJ1tJtlillVIflIil1 mV11if111t~1mIiIV~-rr1IJ flIJ ~1IJ IJ11 tm 11i11i1 tmV~11 lJ1V ~ ~ ~ I _I ~ ~ 9
U~IJ n11lI~ ~IiIVfl11lJ1VmIJ lJ~1iI1tJtlfVfl lJnvIJ un111lJn~lJnvv ~Vf111~lJlmfllJVn 14 tl 11
V11111IJfl1IJ 1 n 1 flf~ 51i111 2 tllv11ojIJ1 IJV~J111irflvi1 1~vlMllm11il~t~v1lJliI ~-rrlJHfl~~lJ~ 51i111ff1IJ 1 1 1~VU111irfl 1~Vf11mIilHm~~tiVlJltl11lJliIllmtlllii ~lflirIJi~~-rrlJHfllJliltilJllmtlllillJliI
lIlI OJ lI D Jt I d I YltII QI
1IJ1mVflIJlm1IJ1lJllJ~VflflH11IJ~ -rr1IJlflilf111V1li1nV~VIl-rr1lJ11i11lJlJV 11vm1 200 lJnnmlJm1111 1
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
8
inllf1ilJ w~mflIJ~l1i~Yi 2 ll~I1Ui~~1h rillVilIlllJlWliJUIIlllJ flllflfl~ltrl1-mn-lIllhJlr~lfhj n6uqtlfllltll~ili 3 Ji1lU
bull i U ~ ~rh~ fl1 ~Y1l ll1l~I11fll~ il~lflW~qigt1m ~ lJfll~ IItflJ~Uil~ ili 1JUnflWlJlt11llll
lIlJI1U nll~1umn~11~ i Ii d1l1lilIli111~ ilitf~ I1U~1~~IigtlWllJl~1lIj1 i lilJ lflmnamJ(I fi~Jl1tlfl $i1mfl~6~fi~Y1i1iJmJ 1 il11U1ti~11lhmiJuflilJ 1JU11$iVn1l1djlJlnhmiJullfU~llJm 1lll~tlIJ ~lU1U Wli~ J1fltlU~~l~ i Iii11U IlllJlliUI~lJ 1111ll~~fltJ(I~I~rnftIJViiIi1l1lflllfl1ltil~llnA~~U
bull bull i JI
1111iriJl1 1iiliii1 m6IJunt~~~Iij(J1li6lJliJU fl 1lflyj1lil1l~ftUiJ1-HlItil~ 1h6UII1i1ii~lJ 1l1fltlIIi1~ bull
11~601-Hi litlliliil flllllJ jjn lJln igt1lII)111 2(111lJiJlIll~tnllJlIUillJ~Y11Ill 1l11 fllHll 1I 1l~ n1lUii~ ii111UgtI
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11I~1h11lrfllU111h i1l1l~IJ1111utitlfl-)UfliVlfllllJIIU1 rKuphuuuifflllH 2 IlJm 1igt1111htl~ 5
llfUigt1llJW~ lIluti1ll1lU~l-H~I~tJl-Hllmllil~UlJl~fl fl~ 1~rrl~1l6fliJIljq~ i jltl~IJi11(1 ri11 ~6~ Illi~llflQ~ IitI1~~1Ji4inlll11~lllJl(l 5-7 11 ii~ 1r1l1111llgtrf1J~llWh~1I1Ill1~~IUtJ1illJftll~fl~~ 11
)wn 11 lutlilJlw~lJlflnuVlt1
-0 jI
bull L3 fl1~llfl~1~Illl6f bull
Il16W~ltnl1Jil1J~Ijmh~mllJfl~1~mIl1l~ ml1Jm1m1l~Ull~Illl1UflJtl~ Y JI JI JI
9hIlIli1l I iI~1Ji1~ml1JillJ~Uj~wh~ Ii111 tlfl jj li1t1UflllfllrhlIllll111UfllllMui i ifilfl111
1IIJ simple linear regression lVio1thllfl~lJthl~llll systat version 50 allnfl1n1~j tiwnilfl
6V1lWO~ ImtllJI-viVIJl~oH T-test
9
Illlfl1jflillll
bull bull yen
fmffmlli1IJ-na~tl1~(1 V1Ul~lfll(l~huiJ~alff(lfJYUlfl~a(lllnwtl1flfllla~a~ um
JJ ~ I1l1~1i11h~~lfltl1flih hhf1IJ 1 0 f11nllJli1~If~ 1~1lJfJVIllVla~lflUlJIJ -Il~ V1lllJ1IlWrlJlJhi~lla~ih
bull fJ) II t
~ltla~-nilUliimiflgtlWUl1IJ Ul11i~-nihl1111SltfllflJlJ1I1W lJlJlii1a ~lfl ihtj GYlJlla lmfll~ tllffU tI ~ J II vl
a dllllJVi IJ VIfJ~U1UiI j lIU111-1 cl ~jflUll1J1m lIi ~ll II ihll1 ~IIlJI1l1lfUli1il111lYl1l1m II GYU lUll yen bull
lJ111l11J JIIJ ~hiiI1lJU1lili1
fllSllwim~luUa~~hillll~llll1i1 lli~1111i1GYIlIlVllJl~II1~ fIilfH1l~ tJIl~ dillih Y sJ bull
fIilfJ~UlllllimliilJlllul~lfli~1111i11l1~lmimiddotm1Ii1liVI1l~ j1m1lJl~I1~iillhll1ll ISPi1 V1lJ-nrilll1l bull
1l~lIllihlJaihlll~ ~1ll1ll II ~ UIlvi1lJlllhflUl tJ11f)fJll~ ~lll1ll 4 Pi1 1iJUIVlff~~lll1ll 7 Pi1
lllffliltJ~1U1IJ 8 ~ 1l1l~illlgl~lJ~lUU 41 Pi iJUV1ff~~lll1IJ 21 ii1 IVifftiluhIJ1IJ 20 ii1 al~ bull 1h1J1W 15-30 11 j~lflllnm~lIllUmjIJmli1tJ~
~ ~
12 IlflgtlWV1WI111V101
121 l5flgtlwihl tI
IlIili11tJ~iJlil1i111U9hJliIi1UUlfl l1i1l ~V1llllIJ1111i11~lJililJmrfl 202
~1 QiI 91 ~Ililfl amlJ mllJfl11IflSlla~ 484 1IfUllllJflS fl11lJJ11mli1a~ 505 IfUfll1JfI mli1a~I-lIl~llJ ll 1J
iiflgtlW1l10Vl1lJ011ll fJ~ lhii 3 wn lJ111W flal1l1li ~iJUiJ~llallm~ ll~1i11lJlIU1~hii1 ltii~ilUI~jf1i1 q ~ ~I x 1 l lUlI11VtJtJU1I1l 1114 m 1l llJllJlllJtl1~lJ1flUU m li1ll4nUllU GYYI1 mli1a4fllUVIll Iffll11f1S lJ iJ~llV
1 = 1 ~ 1 =yenlJ lflllll j lJ ll tJlllJ 1 flff mll a lJ UIl flll W IlJ Uti I-IUfllJ flIl1UU Il a 0 GY 1U IIfJI iJ fl j (IlllJm1l1i1i1 UU
dy OJd ltd1 Q ~ I Ylt$dll IllflUaVllllIJfllf1Hfl1lHffIi11t1fJmall1i111J1~GYU11tlfl 1 tlli11J1lJU ~1i11Ul~la ll111U llJlIlm lU1U 5
Igll Ul11n4iJl~1J~1U1U 4 ~ll illl11111lilala~1111~if~afiUtln1(Ji1~~ 4~1Jflmiddotht~11l1VfillliJ1i1 l5flllwmli1a~ ilmIi1M11l54 (shield) 37 UNU tI~flall~0mta~fla1~~ (neural shield) 5
IINll mli1al~lIJl1n~ (costal shield) oi1~1l 4 IINll mmmSllIJMlil (marginal shield) ffl~tl
II Nll m~s~mila1lUl1N (supracaudal shield) ffHIlt I IINll mli1tHrl1U~fili1fill1i1 (nuchal
shield) iJlllllillgfl mli1a~~lUllUl1lljll~fl 1 (keel) ifmiia~tlaUllllali1ull1flIlHII1 rl1UmilS~
~luVla~ (plastron) lhflall~vmiI6~rlU~filln1Jtla (gular shield) ilUU1ilI~fl 2 IINU mils~ ll1nwUll1Ul (humeral shield) 2 IlNIJ mils~ri1IJ~fili1nllll111Ul (inguinal shield) 2 mlU
mli1a~ri1Uafl (pectoral shield) 2 lINll mila4ri1uVla~ (abdominal shield) 2 UNU mila~lll
bull bull
c
(keel shield)
m~~fl~i1Ul1~
(costal shield)
(neural shield)
mltllmmJBlflU111~
(supracaudal shield)
10
I1ill] (axillary shield) 2 lUlu m~IINl]~1t11iJl11li~ (femeral shield) 2 miu m~IMihuiIJ
(anal shield) 2 Uf1U 1I1fI~lWpJ~ 2
ltl~ 2 5fl1JtII~~tlll~lHWm~Il~hIJl11i1uNum~1l1ff1Ufill~la~5fl1JtII~lfi1iJ1l1~htlltl iWI~1
122 R111l91fl~11II1I
R11111191 fl~11mh~ IIlll~II lt1 ~1Ilf1nmll1lt11 VIii IJ 1l91 Ill] h 1111 l~lJ1tJ I Illl~n
IJWll Igflfl11ll1In tJI15~n5fljjtllSft~11J2tl1lill11WIiIl IJfl11 IIl1l10J ) Idflll11 alJ fl1l Illlln tJ 1Il1l~~ Ild1W1Jil~t)JViWiilllfllJff1WI151m1I1l1~1W1U 3 Ill] ~Hfllt111 I 1IflIJ tY1W-iHm91IHltlil1lt1 1
UflIJ Ua~lJIlIJm~1l1illlmJ9I1lJlIW11A1IJ1l1m~1l11I1mllIJaflSlJlrlJI1tJJmJafh flllJ11fli1I1l1l
I IV (4 wlOI t ltV 44 IV I d ~ )8IlJ ~ IJ 1 tl N1flIll W1jlJW tW~1tJ tl1WI11lJ1flflJlJlI011 lt1fllltll UUnlJm1 lfflIJ1Utlfltl Il tI tllm fl lt11 IflO1
vi-i~Iilti thlll1nfls11 I11~6U tI11flhllllllilv tI~i11I111~1l11imheJfil] Ifltll111mflfl11IlIliltJ
bull UHtlnl11t1IWflIHtIm~1J1-i iJIJ ff1t1Illlln ~mO1Il1Mlti1fhl114hlifllWfltl1l1nl11t1 lli~ i1iiihh
$I S4 I _~ ~ dV I I Iq 1lt5 bull ~1Cl I11l1-r 11 lJ IIHU ll1l1U IlllflmIJ NU Ilflllt1fltlIltJ m fI 1l1191ClIIHIJ tlJlJl11f1l11t1UtlflIlHtI mftll1
~ihlItlI1jjlltlhlJtlmh~tnfiti IlllliltJ~)j1~iiIJtllA 111qJfl11tllll~ mi~ lA11l1flfli1 ~flihu
IIIltYtlfl11 iiiYJ111~~1U1tltllIlG ff1UI111gmfti ~tJt1mwh~l~jlJti1lJfi1J IflUI11~IilltJflill1lff
~ tlft~1t11tl~ 3 Itll 4
(nuchal shield) (gular shield)
mIIt)~U1I11I11IJ111111
(hurneralshield)
(in~inalshield)
(pectoral shield)
(axillary shield)
m~fl~lhufia~ (abdominal shield)
n~~elU1tuUltt6~
(remeral shield)
m~IINri1u~u (anal shield)
11
IHlil ~ III1~ v
ltl1i 4 iTn~~UlliltlIII1il~Ill~ilJW1lu~mYU III1~IINiiJW1iltllmlioll
12
123 fl11lJnlJWjn1Wi1~fl11lJfr)1~mfIHUtlI1111rfl f111lJVl1mflU~IUI1111rfl
lhtl1JillJL1l~lmlllfl~ihfl11rf111rmil~V 63plusmn14 fntlflflJ mllJfl1l~mOlU~ l11~tJ 312plusmn211lfUilll1fl~ fl1111Vl1fll~J~il~V 343plusmn261lfU~lJfl1 f111mYlJl~Un111h~fI11lJfl11~ m~U~UtlI11lfrflUtl~IltlilJi CW = 14226W+2216 R2 = 07295 l1lf11111fflJiun~wh~
fI11lJll1mf1~NUllUl11rflU1l~Iluiui CL = 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 lfffl~1lJ~tlVl 5
CL= 16962W 23474
R ~ 06247
60
50
40
30
~ 20 CW = 14226W 2216iij
RZ = 0729510
o
0 5 10 15 20 llnninlltnI i(nn
IILWmJJviiUl11rflmnV 154plusmn17 1111lflflJ f111lJfl11~mOlU~illlJ 432plusmn22
lIIUilLlJfl~ fI11lJV11mf1U~III~V 467plusmn17 IIU~lJfl~ tl11lJnlJiu1i~11h~fI11lJfl1NmOltHUll h1rflUNlli~ui CW = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 1I11mllJfflJiut1111h~f111lJVl1
w w 2 q _-ltmOllNUllUl11UflUNlllJIIUlj CL = 07377W+35368 R = 05489 lffOl~ Ullll16
ON 07377x +3536860
R~ 05489
- 50 ~8 ~ 40 ~
~
30 ~
05974 c 20 ~ 10
0
250 5 10 15 20
13
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I AS ~ d ltV j-v a I~ 11l1et~I-I nm Il I~~
d ll1tJ NifllVll-l Ij f)I-I Il~ f) 11H11-1U1l ~ f) 1114111-1 j If114IHJUIImfllJ
d fH
ijI-Iiii61-1nl-l11f1ll1~tJNiflJfiWifiu1uU1limiddotmllJU1i1f) 30-40 l1WiilllW lY1IVli~11tJ11n1-6lJ lt] 1i1 -= _I I 0 q I l ltV J 0 aI I IVli1llJIJHcrlUl1lJlf)VlWI-I 11fflVlillltJ lJNfl1461lf1 1l111111lJf) 1~64IJH1I1~1U1lmII64if11-1 f)UlJ6~ a~1 $ ~ li i w1
l~lVlIflJlJ ll1111lJlJll 30 U11lil4IJI-IfI6lJIVlIflJlI lIIJlIH 4 IINfllf)jilIHtI1I~IJHIII1VlIfIJJII
HlIlHy1 2 ltilmllJ~lJalJ f)j11 a4~l1-1r11l164IVllfliiIJUt11~I6f)IIlJ1ntll1hm16IJ64~mw ff11-1111i iii ~ bull
lilIJ611iJ 4 i 1-1 U 1 Hlti4 ~ 1mlIUllIf~ifV gt111 1l 11JH NIy 1 MH NIVllflilmYi JifJ~611J1ltilNiflJW inULVli
MA ltv d f t 11 ltQ
IlJlJ IlJJ if61lJ11J1lI1ifl-ll1INIllVlIflJJJ~1I1lJ1tl1 5middot10 W1Yl ~lf)I-I WVl1lVll-lllL1lUlJVlUIj If 1-1
tI lti4lti11f 1flW 1M~J111 VliV4i16~iiillnl-l J1111 lJltl1 5 mli4UIJt11l6t1i)1 t1nU61tl1i1~ii timltll111 W vi1lltlJ1l4111l II 1111-11I1l1JUNf) ~14 fit 1 tJ~iilllcenthIi1mh4lI64J1Jil~4~ t1 lt] Jggt1H
bull JJ
t1m4 2 ~4 VllJ11i1Ul~1l iflll1~1-1 IIf1lJJf)lJl il1f)ff11-11JIf ti~ilt1NfflJI-lifil-llff~ il )rtJ1Vli9i1~H ljgt1
66t1 ~lfla1111 IVl If~uiJ IJ fft1 fIi4If gt1lhjh I1I6yi1-1 li64IJ1l41hl-lt1 NIH iJ6W~lJ lI W 111IJJ 461tJ1tf1f
JI w dr dIJ11111lJltll 5-8 ll1UIlUlJm t11NlhlJ1tl1 8-10 ll1UllllJ~1 t11141)1f)NiflJIIW~1gt11111j1llJtIiJlf)lJI-I1 ~ ~ w d ~w w ltI d J w ltlw
llfU nmet I-IIVl6Nilllt1lJ IIJ UllIAll 11l1lJfll1NiflJVll-lljU1lt1lJU11l1lIJUr11iJ IlJNiflJIil-lljf1tMllllii
iQ J w ~ w ltI aK 1 bull 9 ~ ~~6f) If 1t1ill1t11 IfIjV4illtHfl1~NfflJVlUlj1lmllJt~1 ~f11ll1-11UlJU blJ6~lJW111ftVlnJVl1 ~ t1 111 1111 IlJ
ff1lJ11(lNfflJU~fltUutifi11 yj1lui~U4H1Ltiuihhlll-l~V4hll~flJfl11NiflJuili41lNfflJ lui1l111
a III I~I i1 4t OJ dl fit ai~1 I 1 ti d
H lti4 ~ 1fl1ltili 1 I IiflJt111IlUlJuill~ lJltll 1 1~1)lj Utili 11~lJ~UlJ1dn 1~11lilll11J 11flH 111H114114 I lIu 1 lJltll gt11-1 1gt16 W litl11f1lJ fl4ll m 1 rllJ1JI-I l14Yl H tI H Ijll illf) IlJ 1ft 111lllJfl1111 Yl 1J
111111t11 gt1 Vlnetui1i114 I Ii mit~11lfI llltljtllJl11~1 lilJUH 1ft Yl11t11U~UVi lllfl1iR1luolNWI-IU1l
v bullbull bull
1~lJlJff4lJ t~II9imn 2100 bull 0400 1-1 li1~IlIUq~I1i~1114 Iili14IilU4IViJ4IliU 1~lii1ltl1l1tJql11~Ii 1U11il11411il1n4iitl4flW lii6111hi1ii6f)~~114Ili1~UtJ1-11IJ111 n411~ 2 ~-NI~~tIIltJillfl111~lU
t1lti4 iimjtllfffiJ1~f)1llJl1N~1t1lh9i1111lJ11ll 3-5 LlJill m1lliit11l6~HllJlIlJlll 3060 1l11-~llJm ~ ~ ~J l ~ 1 I 1 ~r111llt1JN 20-40 lfU~llJVl1 Illllilllt1WifUIIU1l41fllllCl114lI fttJJt1tltlIJUlllflU6t1U1l1u1lWIl
II
6l t1lJl IJ IllvhN 11i I~11)iiUU1Iii U f166 t1ll lHri61~ IHIYi1llhfJH ril iiUinrIiill f1 lJl tlIfitI 11 llJ
w ~ ~_ ~~I i w1lf)lJtlII~lJ~UUrllJ1lIDIJ~ Ii6ill6~fl1 11IUUIIllt1lJtltlll1t)lJ ~1 ~4mlJl UfI11i1f1lIUil1
lJfi~tl Illi 1 litfi1H1Ii lif~ iJUU-iliJ1~lJmli4~tlYl11J1I~f11llJ1I1t111llJJum T4iJfl II~mJflU 1-Nmt iI bull
Ufl muIf)1I1t111ljll 1tl~1JIlUiJfttl1t11flll J1fltiWUtili1iJI~rl1lJ111111 lt] tlt1f1f~1~Uin~ihfl~6t1 II JI
fl1~t1 lJ 1 H Ii l1il~ J 1fltiuUUlh~fl1I1U 1l ~Ul 111 Illt1N1lt1l1 VI ill1lfi4VllJ11UUI~h1141lin4iYU
~11l1t1 14 gt11
bull bull bull
14
I lt14 d ltaJ jI d ff1UlyenllUJ1JllUTWUfl1HW 158plusmn17 f11nmll ml11f111~f11~ilfJ~tmW 433plusmn2A 1lfUillllil~ Wl111Vl1
m~ilfJ~m~J 469plusmn15 llfU~tuil~ UlivtUlj1Ht 8 ijlFl 14 tilInFlTm~tli 571 lltlfo1u~ ii
~Ii~1U1U 83 vlfJ~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jm~U lOAplusmn43 vlfJ~I1llnJlfil~tltl1111illijUti lyenlff~ihilWiJfl~~J
lIUiiilJl lllffiilJlhhl1ilFl~liu 15Ot17 filnflill ml11f1~mmiltl~mli1J 431plusmn21 lf1J~llJil~
mllJm1m~ilfJ~m~1J 466plusmn19 IfUlIllJII1 llliwUim11i 6 ) IllFl 14 11 tiil~1f11111~H 429
lltlflltUli mli~1U1U 53 vltl~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jIil~1J 88plusmn29 vltl~I1tlltl 8ilnFl1~VlFlllUIi1tm~8nFl1gt 9 ~ W 1 wi0ltlilllJ ~f111tfllJ~Fl1JmlW 458 lfl~ 415 1JtllllfU9l 1l1lJ1IlillJ Ui1iH U1lln~Il I IfI~ 2
lt lti j0
IV V I Illr I II t ~ ~IV M ~ IV I o1i d JJ 2 1l11Htl1 UlllUn frlmn114 m~fi11~lJnm~~J~IJJ~WJUtlWU~ lI1~1mml111 Il ~lU1U lJUll~J1l11m~1lf1lIUil1IJJ~9111nIJllUlI~VII11tl1111t1
1ltV1111111lllJlllmUJ
~ ~
W3WUi UJWUi UltIUI1 fI~l~ ~1l 1l111un fI~l~ 61l l1~~Ii 11ufi3ull ~lU1U llmiluii1 tmllfl 1u~1Ju1J 1~lJLlf1 ~lUll
(l1fl) (lIlJ) (Ji1l) (11fl) (lIlJ) (Jill) ~l1~1i Ii (WtH) (iil) () ~llfl (1u) ll1ii3nl~
iluiil (iil)
90 348 370 170 451 485 1112141 15 10 667 191342 98 10
84 340 370 155 425 460 II 1312141 5 5 1000 201342 97 5
54 292 316 158 428 464 22112141 9 4 444 28342 96 4
40 272 300 160 440 465 II 22112141 7 0 0
42 284 300 160 445 475 X ~
50 300 320 165 446 482 II 2411241 10 2 200 28342 94 2 (J1
70 338 364 132 390 444 X
52 308 328 145 420 463 X
62 316 346 140 392 468 X
54 294 320 202 484 505 II 3012141 18 10 555 21442 93 10
62 320 368 146 422 457 X
86 330 389 162 439 470 II 61142 8 0 0
72 320 361 150 430 450 X
54 301 324 164 450 475 121142 11 7 636 10442 88 7
62plusmn16 31plusmn23 341plusmn29 158plusmn7 433plusmn24 469plusmnJ5 lOAplusmn43 458 943plusmn36
1llJ 8 iil 83 wtH 38ii1 38 iil
c ~ ~
1ij1i1N 2 Jli1iln mllJf1~N Uflm1lJU11m~~ll~lJll~rlmlJI1lJi Jb~nfl1f1U1Ni~~llJ1lJ~Itfl69111f111V1ntlllJ~1IJ1l111mU~lJdl~~Miu1~middotm 1llHlJbJn~1J1miJlJfl
~ ~ Il~IlU~ ttlll1Ull
bull11lH1Jn n~l~ nll Jnnlfl 111~ ~ll 11~H 1u1~U1J ~U1U YlnJilu~1 iJil1JQf1 1UI~U1J jtJn~l ~U1U
(1m) (Ill) (lflJ) (lflJ) (lflJ) ~H1~ l~ (IN) (~1) () ~Ylf1 (1U) 1i~lJ16~
lriU111 (~1)
90 358 380 164 432 469 91214 7 2 286 1813142 99 2
76 326 354 122 390 441 x 73 324 355 160 453 490 13112141 6 4 667 201342 97 4
46 283 300 170 445 475 18112141 11 5 455 2313142 95 5
46 280 308 170 458 497 25112141 10 5 500 2913142 94 5 ~
50 300 320 144 417 445 x 70 328 370 142 44S 475 x 62 314 350 172 440 488 211142 13 6 462 114142 89 6
54 301 330 130 410 453 X
50 296 304 156 446 460 X
67 320 352 164 420 455 911142 6 o o o ~
66 325 366 132 404 442 x 74 320 360 144 434 449 X
66 299 367 130 450 480 X
64plusmn13 313plusmn20 344plusmn26 IS0plusmn17 43lplusmn2i 466plusmn19 S8plusmn29 41S 948plusmn38
11lJ 6111 5314H 22)l 22)1
bull bull
bull bullbull
17
mliWl1llJ1N1j~~W1IJVi 9 iIJ11fllJ 2541 ~lJg~1IJVi 12 lJml1llJ 2542 1j1~1ltn1J
~IJ 1lfl1J11iI lb flIJ ltfllWJ flyj ~H ffll11fllilUj l~flUWiilllJ1flgflfl hlifhJf11jlJ1~11iijllflMru tniSlJlfl
fl111liillWlfllgflflh 1jdlfl IJ~flfl1~VIflmHVi 1 1m 2 IIlJlf)11illltnlflliIlV 529plusmn36 flilJ fl11lJ
fl1HmgJ 4QplusmnO1 l1IJilllJltfll fl11lJtJ11mgu 66plusmnO11l1IJilllJltfl1 1lJll11iflli~V 524plusmn21 flllJ fl1111
fl1l~Ii~V 40plusmnO1 1l1IJ~lJfll ml11Ul1m~1J 67plusmn01 l1IJ~lJltfl1lI1lJ-i1~U lJtjVJflyjl)~IlZiJyjl)~ 1)1f11ft1lI)IJI)~UIllJI)~lI1f11fl1vlIJ1lllltlilJl1~ rll)~~ iJli1mru 24 ~i1l~ IIMll1f11Il1VlJIl~~W1 IflfllIJ ~ timiii~i1rll)IJ ~iUfl11IlfflJvflilflfl1Jllifhlflj liitnl1lJliwliatlfl jiflJ qUl11~1IJh~lgfl
ltlJ jll11 hjlt~~~1fhIJlifl~~~(raquo1gfllI)fJilui11~lJtiI)WflliltJli1~1IVIl)fl iIJ Ilflfl1JVIfllltN~ 1
mjl~h liVlmlTll1IJ 2 UU 1IJ~flfl11V1fl1ll~~ 2 UUIWlUYlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 UU 1IJllflfl11V1flIHI~~ 1 Uti11i1 tiYlfl~TIl1IJ 2uU 1IJ~flfl11V1flntNVi 2 util~huVlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 uti Illl11iflllI)~HI~l (y) Vi)~1f1fl11
1Hjlll~til1IJili~ 2 lflfl11V101ntl~ ~11l1IJ 14 mi 5111 136 vltN il111111fflJI1mlilllJltflHfltlthmXfI
4 ltl 2 i _I dIJl~llJIIW1j (x) 0l1lJfflJfl11fltJ y = L8773x+21682 R = 06008 IIffVil~ lJllJrl 7 unOll1HVI 34
80
60 ~ ~ -~ c 40
r y ~ 1amp113x + 2l682
~i 20 R =06008
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IllH IlmhlIJl(nn)
ltili 7 fl11lJUlJI1m11wiwihmrfl Ii I~ lflIJIllt11ifllUMlJtlfil11ltJ~hHlJfl
ltC lt
I ll
(11m~J 3 U11~1lit~mftUU1~lm~lliwml)0illO1li U)~Ull~uiYil1l1ft)~~J~~w~mmlll~lJ1nlJU~ tllq 1 1U
~ UlJI1tl1j 1li1~1 f1l1ll1
bullbull ~ bullbull ~ bullbull ~ tllWWO O~H em Ul11Ufl O~l~ 1111 IllllUfl fl1H fin
(00) ( lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ)
170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
OJ
164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
IllftfJ 167plusmn15 445plusmn18 476plusmn15 529plusmn36 40plusmn01 66plusmn01 308plusmn32 49+02 53+02
~
eo ~
bull JO
mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
~ UlJWWl i~~l )111911bull
~bull bullbull bull~
Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
iliVJft
48+02
1liVJft
5lplusmnO3
co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
~lU1llilh (y) ~i~mf1fl1j1Nl~IJJ~1iilfli~ 2 l~flWIlIltJ~ tllflUlli91l 14 u1i bull
11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
()
E
20
~ ~ gt ~
i ~
15
10
5
0
y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
~tlll 8 f11111fflJilJlhI1h~hlJ1U 1lil~ ltiull1In1flu1iilJ (WiTiltlftlJl1l1l
jmlhi1flVJfl~lflllii~I~1lJil18 jjUlfllJ 10 lJlIlJlJ 2542 l~lmiddotn 88-99 llJ iI Q A IV ltI Iq
flrulUl1l 268-318 J~flWllmlflff f1111lIJUirlJIfIl1l 802-903 I1JVWlIlJllI (911jl~Il 5)
~ln~1l5 Jml1tliJIIv~IlnJ (Oe) lif111lJnfl 30 lIil~llJ91j 1l1lf1111JiilJirlJill1i() ilJUJYiflill~l ~
I J tV ~ lVitll llml1JlJ
~
(0C) f111lJlfIJ 1JIlllll()
Iifl 268 903
lJfl 282 830
fl Il 305 850 d
1111 306 802
Ill 318 894
llUlI) 296 plusmn20 856 plusmn43
bull bull bull
21
I II Q 4s T r t II I gt1 ~I ltltftill fl1WVIl~lJtJ~ IJUIltYtlHlllVWWVlfllJ1lgiraquo1Hm~tHVIl~HffjVI 3 Ill 4 UlJ1tl1 5-10 1W tJIi~~UI11Jtl tmt1lJOWllTI111 ~f1~hiiWf1~U~1imJ ] mi1IlltliMHhllgtlll ~luwifii~uj
(keel) gt~ll~uU11tf~ iltllim~l~mitlFluulfliim~llHn~uNuIll~lJ mIll~U~nmmiii bull
ll1vihllllltjjlJ~lU1U 3 ItfJU f1lUU1flllHraquoltl~ IllfJU tU11l1l ]ll 1 UfJU Ul1Im1l6l~WllUii laquo4 I I 013 II d II d d QIe l d J 1n14 d ll~1~fl11ll1Uraquo1ltltl flUl IJ tltlUUI1ltllJ1lJ VItHllUl1f1llJ U1HUltmmHU il1tl1tHUl tltlllUU t lJlItflltlgt
t~ml1l(J HlllJl11J-lJlm 08 tlfU9IllJl1Ii
I bull ltII II dl II ltto laquo4 At ltII d ~ fl1111 ill fllJllt Ill fill 1j Il VI1ltlJ I111 Vll M 1 l ttY j lJ 1i111lJ Ul lJ IIU 111 llH II IlLUltl1l
ltV v d ltr d 3R8plusmn32 flilJ fl11lJfl11lm1l6tUltlIJ 49plusmnO2 llUl1ItlJIl Ull1J11lJIJ11mI1lltUlllJ 53plusmnO2
bull tI bull
1IfW~tlJi1Ij 1i1WI1VitnJl~1(J61H1i littYllJ1i111iiugiiIJU 11llllMtlflIIInJ 281plusmn26 fl~lJ f111lJfl ~H d lo cl ltV
milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
Itlv191W~hl 2 1gt1fl1HlltlltH 1i1WU1Htlfllfll~h (y) ~lU1W 60 ii iUU111tlflIJtHluJ~h (x) iiflllJ
~ ~ ~ 2 i oJlllJflUfiIgt1ltYlJflli y= L5452x+40918 R = 05058 ttY U~lJ1l9
40
35
30 TI S 25 rsect c 20 j 15
F 10
5
0
0
rbull y~ LS4S2+40918
R~ OSOSS 6
255 15 201deg - m ~ U1~lifitU 11 (nn)
22
_I 11 1 Iflln1J1UHu1~fl11U0~lm1l11J11IUlu~
- r QJ r
1l [)tll6~61flU1l~m~IVlim~illl bull bull Sf
ntlVi6gmffl1II11l1U~tl1l~01ffJil~lJ1mlllhfd6UlhfUUhhl1l~hiT~Il1l6~lI~S VllJ
1J~1ruthtllti~IJ6~lhflll6~Viihiliif)i1f)Wru~U11tl ihmmJflJlJ lftl ~UlJiii6 illfl t1113 l1lJlIlI~ f bulllfl~flH )j61J61ffl6~ltlU1llllJYltI~6~U lUlId1UU11m~lJflIJtllJ1111Vl~lJtlrll1h 1161JntJ~mlll ~Vi
~I d ~ I ok d de x l q IIGI
lIlllJIJ1 Im~f)tl1JlI1IJln~mf) IJ~ 11ilfJ l 1mllUl~mfnJtl 1 lJtllJ1lJtlVltJ~tlIilVl11l11llll~milfI~
1IgtIgtllIlI1tlqt1f1lll11~ lilll1Jtl1uVl1J11lmtlmlltnil~u lJ1~U 11 fl6~fl~il~timhwf)~ltltIlJ flf1~16fllt1f)WtUII6~)j1~ (2543) i1V~ltlhIll1ml9itldlfll1ltl1II1Vi61fffJ6yitlU1niillJ Umli~VllJhv
tl1~1lJ1ltlutiuliim~llllitlutlftUillffVilrJltlll1~fl ImNutaphand (1979) 11l~ltjhlllll11fJ 9i tl1l fl11 tltfll1Vi111l1fll flqtyWtl i fllfll1J1nru111fUuihu1l11ti~1lll6~U1iTflVi~fllt1f)W ru~1 flll1J
nh1lfl
mUVljmlfJIJ6~(lhll1l~lu1Jgtlltli~111gt1t1~lI Vl1JlUvn~ f1l16~lIJ ltllI~~ lit6~ ~ 1flflll6~ ll~ ~ djltlflll6~YiiiIJtl1ll 11t)) ii~tlU1j) lflij~111llgtl1~lIl1~i~111~WV1~tll~iimlllll11lJ1flflh
A d lt) a a lt) ~ I A 5ff 0 d 1lll6~6t1 1 VllJUVl1llllllJlIlI~ ll11JJlf1lItVl~m~llllJlIu1fltll tl6~1l1m1JtIllllJlIYI6~llflllm tI6fl
f1~6~fllJ11 IlU (2533) i 1l~1tlhtl Il ~1JtlVlU1II1l11l~ tll1JflVllJltVl1m iI1lllIflJ1l1tllJ11101IllflUl
_I ~I J I I d d d d I
f1M~Jl~~ lI~lJlf)tllf1l16~1Jlf)1Jl11 CJHl1JtJtIlIJ1l6lll6~f1l1lNlI~ illI~ l tlllll IVlJ~llfll1CJr~1l6~
bull q ~ t q gt ~ q ~ 1 =~ ~ltl1t1t1llVlJ1fl IUlliilJII1ll I1l~llltl1 Itlllll~lI~ 1fl~~qtyVltl1j Itliltl1fllll IIl1 IVl iiltl1llllU
y
(2525) ~d1nilWtl~1II1U1~ltlflll6~lI~~ 6Jl~ il tI~lI tl11Jl~mlmllJWtl~llli1lllU~tll1J~ 1~Ilftl
fltI f11i ~11II1llUlii11 tia 6 d~f1 Jl )~ Jl ~ 6l ~lii6~1J 1~1fl lJ I 101filla~ lI ~~~I1JUl11 ci~ 61flVIJ 6~ 11111 VI j1
)jij~ih lWtJ~I tlVluiiUtlOafl14YU lBffll11J iUlJ11tlfllit6IillIlilUfltl 611 1m1~lrii6 dtifl1l6~lI~
~lIll1I lf~1nm1lJ~61111111ilUtfll1~n61~iiU~~i1Jl1ll111lV~tll1l 1~1Il(t1ci6lm~~flll6~1l~Ih I riiilllJiiu~l1JIlfUflU
~ ~ J2 llflllruYIWlfllVIU1
~flllru~l111 bull
~1f) f111 VI fl 1l 6~VllJ1111i llll uliitll1l~ l1ltllIll1lh~fl fl1 ~ 6~ II~~ (terrapin)
IItl1llltltj) lt1f)llrul~lnlt)1111Nl~6fltl~lm~11l 11111Ulijl~lJ~ltl1tl 5 ~lJ ff1UlJ111lt1~ii 4 y
~lJ IVlflliifJIlJlJtJ1fl illqiViqflii1i111Ufl 202 fill1fl1lJ fI11lJfl~1~mflN 484 CJrtl~lJm m111U11
bull bull
bull bull
23
~llll1lltl~(Jl~hlllJflmHlJIJ(Jliiu1 ihrfllJmIhhJtiltJ lJlhtltlfl 17 il1tlflilJ fl11lJJl1mIlB~~6~ 58
lIlligtilJ~1 fl11lJm1m~B~mj~ 60 lIll~llJm fl1~1I6~l1a~lJilnlibull fl11lJll~fl~H1Vlfl
mllJl~fl~l~~ 11h~lllfl~ lmJ~lldJlI 9l11~lJ1JlllfllJliiUIl1111l1flhllff~ mi~ ~ ~ ~ P I~middot ~ middot1 1fl~~llltltI1ll1fl11llflrjn flll m1 fltllJfl111l1lJ I U m1I6~11n~mmll lJtlllllJnfl] IJUUNU m IlIH
~ P _f d ~ 131 ltjI d P 1 l I II 4
U (J UlJ lfl m lltH Ill U 1l6~jjfl ~ lJ UNll Vl6~l U66fllJlU 1~ll6fllI flU 61lliN 11 mIlB~UYIn W-IU IlJ lJmll y
lJfl Ulffnlltf1Ul1 1lJlhhnn tJlmmjlJU1lIJtJlfllJffll1ii6~61lU iJff1l 1li~11JlliUIllff~ tf1jJ111~I~fl (Vlt$ltu j1 4 1$1
jjUfl11llfl~ Yl11lJ1lIllfllmII(J~mNlJlIflIJ1l1ll1ll 3 llflIJ ~flltl1~ 1 UOIJ lY1UUl~mII1l~Ul~tl ~ 1 n -l1 lflIJ ltllU1lIJm1i16~lJllflIJltllJllU1 fl~U1l~mliljH 1il1l16IJ lJUUllillllflfl111VlflllW lllJflll1l1
lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
mIl(J~l1n~iiltl1lJrmilllthU111~~IWlJl1fl111l1flliitJ 1lJnh~1I1iwli6~rUthlJflUlfljJ111~lJlflflh bull
lllflllJfJ
11 tiII~flUthtlfl~lUlt1jlJ lt111~16flaflll mUltJ ~l1~ (2543) mi1111111~lJe~ lYi1lllfl~ 11 lvi111 lI11JUiJfllJ
IJUllilfJTlflil ii1flUI11~il1tYfl111lnillYI111e~i U 91111l1ti ~tleU1tJ m~111~lJ lflfl111YillllflliJlJ li~il~
lYlBlt1fl1fliUfl11NlYlJliili mllJfflJIiU11iHfl11lJfr)11mIIBltlUnlll11UflIJltJ~vl61iUi CW =
VI(J ~fffl1lJ I HUVIB~l[JIJllYlJ6flU il tl Bli1li~lH U fl1 fl6~lJtllJUIJ flllHU fl1 flltJ~rllll1 U
bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
IiUi cw = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 Utlfl11lJfflJlitJ1111lt1fl11lJ[Jl1m1i16~ltllill1t1fl
~ ~ VIq~fl1j lJmHlfflJI1tJ1j
YiltllfJ~U~~flfflJlitJiflU~~mm1Ultl~mmfiU j~I11HliieUlmfllJii~~Utieu
itJ11fllJ NfflJliuititJUJ1~jiiIJJliifl 300 lllU~lJ~j lYilI1fl~jUl~~ 4 -1i1~lmm~fHI1iltI IJ ll~1111llflljj fJ I~hnllJ~U~ IillllU lli1~ iJiifflJtlltJ U lt1I1lt1)e 11)11li fI fflJlitJiflU111fliilff IJ~ j IJfl1U 11 tl~ ~lflfllt1lJIiU(1111llflljjfJlI~IJJlI461~mfJ1UI~eNlYlJ flU1Ii Ulil11~1~fIJ fl1~NtlJliuin~I~IJJl 14e1~l1ti1~hiNfflJIiUifllJlYi1Vlfl~ fl lilIi1fllllUlIil~U1tJBdIJllUfll~m16~ titJ tilVlvleliUiHlt1lJ
J1Vfl tB~fltiltJ~fllJfiffiJJltlflm (2529) fl~11h11NtlJIiUiflU~1I1Hlii6UflUlJ1fJuii~KtJl~ltJU
bullbull bull
bull bull
24
VId1ulUfhj~tJ1Fl1f1fitJui11t1hmll~~JlJl11J ~1ullinlll 2100 - 0400 U1Wf11 Mti~~lmfutlljlllil1 flmUll~lh1I ~1U1111iii~~ulli 5-18 VItJ1 ~lflf11~VIllllfl11iiJulljVluiIIli11nJ9iUlnll~1tJtJ1M11ltfl
f111V1fllfl1~ 1 il-iJ91gt1f1111HIi 571111tl11oilU~ UIIdjjli~lU1U 83 WN ilfl1Ilillltl1~ 2 iiall~l fll1mW 429 11ltl11oiluli lll~ii~lU111Ii 53 VItl~ U1JlilijjjJlm1fl 470-588 flill fl11lJfl~H 38shy
42 llfU~lJ91 fl111Wl1 65-68 lfU~llJfll
l1fl1lWUtl1 Ii
fl1lW~ lilllilll1lJ91UI1lil1l1111IhtiuIllll flllVItH ffUl1fltlltJIinlll1lfttlf1 Ii ~1UU 111
~ d~ j dy UUfl1911ll1IJlllllJllllflf111 II1l1f)1 ~ fJ11J1I1fl1ltJJ
69111flU1lBtYUii1IllflllVlfl
Iillilll1tJ9iunilVlmnU~1~nll1 88-99111 ~tjwMSJil268-318 HfIlllfllllli1l1j IIll
11 Jj ~ _ ~ 1 ~ f 7 fl11lJlIU lt1 lJj VI I 802-903 1JtllllfUIII UlllllV1 ~lflUlJjU1jll1llJ1~nltllM1lflflllV1fllltlUl 1 1Ill
lflflllV1fllltl1~ 2 iiall11flllVlmlJulll 458 1Ill~ 415 l1Ifllollu1 1II1lJlh~lJ tUflflWllfllltl1~ 1 mj
I1li11llYlfl~1111U 2 all illflflllV1lllfl1~ 2 Illl9hiJJVlfl~lU1U 1 ull tl1~Iatl~~lflflllhililJli11fl 1fllJiJ1Iilfl11111ilm111hh~fllJ1$iilJfl11mVIlJm~ltlflu Jm~liiU1J1i1111lIl1flllliitJ 308plusmn32
flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
VIilllfl~ lliI~11tJ1MllVi1HllflllllVluilllilll11J~Ulnilli~ 2 WI iliiifllllitl6111llflllVlmnllIll1I1liVllli
WllllltJ~ 111l1l viii1J~~1IJfl lM11141flYlllfiflJt1I1lJIl ~~jj11ll1illJ6~lfl11 iiallll1 fl11 Vl fll1]lJ ~11fltllfltJ1
Qt teldQ
fllJtl1M 11 VIlJ 111l1lJllfl l~fl11
fl11V1fllltJ1fffl1l1flll lJN11ll1ilu illiafll 1 11 ~ ulJ fl~11li11l1119iU l1lfl j1Jli1fl 1M 11~1IIllflullVlui bull
IlliltlllJfilllilfl1 2 lflf11~Illll~1 itliillllllifla91l1f111111 i uUll69111fll7Vlfl
1 rmfffl1l1fl-J~ihilu f1111jlVlU 1i~ii ~IlH1J1J7lnlJ 111m ullilVlfllu UtlflU fl11iif1Ufffllol1 ~ _ i 1middotmiddot 4 -l ~ ~ JiIf111U1U 1Jnfl Ufl1lllJ~flU L~U flll~1 nlJ M1mmfl~nfl UVIifllJ1Hlm1JiJlJ~WMlJlJllmllJ~Il
11
25
~ p ~ ~ ~ ~ bullbull ~ ~ ~ 111111111 U mtl~ulfJll 2539 fltlll1Jltlfl1lmfl~Un6pflll IlU ~1nVllnlltHu Vll 1VlV fl1N1Iljl flll
I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
rIUU lyj~I ljtJIli1t1 lIl1UVll nlllti Ilfl1lflW1Ul11 Itti nl1iJ Itfl~ti~U 2529 flllffml1lifv~ jIJ ~ I ~I
1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
lily ~ tI 4 It ltvIt t1IJlI lt111lJlJTUlII1 un 1lm vgWUIJ1t1 2525 l4tim1dl11IJUtiffVlJrl111l4UljlfllU1IJfI U
flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
1L1ilU ljfloWU( 2533 vhM111f1~ ~Tillt1~Ui1f1ifvl1Jll1iJflllitl~rl1U~11J1JlflUVllnfl ffl1llUIJ
i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
d tI~ ltI ~ 11gt ~ 1i(1lJti rllllt11~f VUUIlI rJllmiddotHlI~f 1i(Iln lllJUJllI1lI un mlln JfllJflW1U1Vl 2533 fllll1fllll
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fl111J li1u1 U 1 ~1J flll1fi11ll1iiu61~Vlri1Jfl111J1lIflllfll 11lvhun61ll111ltlfl IIfl~1fl~lmm1J
11U~11Jfllff1J1JU11Jjlfl11Ugt~ltl2533 m1JU11H mYl 739-745~ hUfl~lUlrI~1Jflfl~flfllimjrullv~lfl~ 2543 lhiuumVlI1VlU dlUflllUtI~1Jfffl~IVmiflpoundjrullltl~ =OIV 4 d $1
lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
~ bull ~ q 1Iffl1UU tn1J1Vl1l~ 1Iti fll1il 1ilfj1JllI 2537 flIJIJ1I1UflII111tiIIIl1mlllIJ tU1JlVlf Vl(J 1Urll
~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
bull bull
5
4 4 bull ~ I
111 ffflll16UVlil~61fWUtlfl11Ull1mmD
dn1~fm1W~m~~ lDlJtNI~ ltllDiludlIll UlJili~11111111~ tl 1111lfhl1UIIiJlfl
ltiflllU1JihhVIffii~1liiljjeJ~il1f1lJuMm111eJlJ01lJil1mflllil1m il1fTilu1i~1lilm1m1lJfl11lcll~ll mn 1500-0100 tnwfl11tlh~~ilUfJlJmIltl1lii~mfltl1fllJ 2541 ~)UlIfll~ UUnflffillltlouii)g
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lillft1VillJL1JiI li)1lJVIlJilft~fl11lJIJ11 100 IlJil1 lIfl 5 llJil1 lJll1111i11tl1U 4 U1 11lJnlJlRII1lI1~JU
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lI1llJmlJJ1MlJ11UlJwJ1tNiI)UI1 11lilllmvt4J1tl~~411lJfliWmI1L1hltG~Q1l1tHyt)nlJ1JlJtfill
tl1iiiiil1l~lJeJ1W11lJl1~I~ll111J~udJiI 6fl~ih1m1lJ1111J1iilh1l1ilJ~hJl1tlllhhl11lJflmr~l~tllJW~
lJilflhJdl111liWmllfl1l1~1W rl1lWlJl~hj~ltYlriUlhJl1h~11l4llliil~rhl~ll1ii iJVIl~111U ~11l 11 iillljlllJdlJ~11WlfW fllJ~JllJ~11W~lJ~~Ulaquo~HilllJtIlJ~ffNilJ9h4WlJ 1 11lti~1l1flilJt~11~li11lJ
~JlJlrlmtItllJl11IJUlJm~lm11lllJ1l 1 vi1 iJr1~h~ilJfl11lJmVIlJflmV111W lihtllnJ~lJ1iJ~ 11mii YiW Yiildljlilf11jIW~flnillJlJ1l~~JmlJfiWlI iWi~11111fflltl iWlJ91ihlfltl1l~ 6 ~d1l1il
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6
bullbull bull 1lmihhIJ~ll1~9I~~1l1911l~ll lJTIJU1lJ11J4 01 UlUl l ll~~
lJ1Uf11~1J1U IJ 3 01 ll~~ 6 ll~
~ J
lJ1Ulllm~ IJ 5 gtllhfllJ1 6 ll~
112 ffllJlfl11IJiflJlill1ii1l-iHfl1IJfl~1~mflNflmh1lilfl Ull~flllJ1Jl1m~flN ~ 0 w fllJIJ1ll 11 fl
~ wlt1 I II wAvw nflHlfl11lJfflJiIIIlij~1l11~mllJfl11~mfl6~fllJU11nlfl~n mlIJ011fljfl6~
fllJlllll U fl ~1 IJ l~oilll11J~ IIllflU~llrliIl i fl 0i~lllllUfl(W) mbmllufii ll flflJ111fl1llJfl~1 ~
flj9Il~(CW) ll~191mllJJl1mfll~(CL) HIllll1flml1tJlihjIlrl-l~lJflj 1l1fl11lJiflJViuIi1iltJi~
1j9ljlYIJf11ji1Ugtlj~ (linear regression)
CW~a+bW ullCL~a+bW lfltJ
W ~ llTI1Ufl~lL~l (weight) 1llllfltllflflJ
CW fl11IJfl~1~m9Il~h (carapace width) dlutlfu9IllJm
CL ~ mllJtJllmfll~I~l (carapace length) IllUIlrI-l9ltIJgtlj
a till b Illufhfl~~
7
113 ffflll1f111lJUlilfWl1n1111~tliff
ffflll1f111lJUlilfli 1~111 h~tliff 1IiIVfffl1l1~1fl IJIJ1iii ilflllWfIlVIJ Vfl ilflllW
111~ ilflllWff unmVlJlJmlilv~
121 U~lJflWVllilnV~
lflilf111V1Ii1M~~ 1 lMJm11il~t~v1 (Amblygaster clupeoides)lJliI ~-rrlJHfl~~ bull
(Ipomea aquatica)lJliI 51i111ff1IJ 11 lli1VU111irfl ~-rrlJ
11i11iiIJV 200 iin~fl1lJlm1111 1 iHM1lJ
lflilf111V1li1nV~~ 2 lMJm11il~t~v1 (Amblygaster clupeoides)lJliI ~-rrlJHfl~~
(Ipomea aquatica)lJliI 51i111ff1IJ 11 lli1tJ1h11irfl
fl1tUIJ f111V1li1n v~-vi-rrll1ihhmU111i1 ~~1111i1-rrliln vi~ui t$1VIJ ff~111fllJ 2541 ti~t$1VIJbull
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122 1liVIlilnV~
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t~mlv~ tiIJ ti 111nlJ 11il 11 il~fl1fllllJ~1VIiIllhvtiIJu-rr~ 50 tllv1tojIJ1 t~vlv~tiIJ f111lJ fvIJ fIlV1lJii
UVU1tllIJ UVflVlJfl11i1IJlJ11i1 5x5xO5 tlJm 1llJU1l1fl 40 tllIJ~tlJIiI1 li1f111lJ-rrm~l1jv 1IJlh~tltN1
nm 0900 lJ1Wf11 11il~~lflirIJ1il1fluvlMuM~trilJU11MtvimvilJt~lJllJlh~U1Vnn1 1300 lJ1Wf11 Ill
vi mtlh~IJ-vi11m1lJ llilJlllfllMiiIJ lln111il~ t~V1lJliI ~-rrlJ Hm1~lJliI 5Vl11ff1IJ 1 1 1 iiiVU111 irfltiVIJ
ll1 1lI QI lI QI I ltII crdltQI VIli1nv~ 1 tlilVIJ tliV 11tlil1fJlJtflVfllJ-rrfllliU1Ii1MlJtmm1111 flliltnVflliVUlJIiIJIjVIlJnflllw-rrlJl1W
lliff~~lfl tliff~iimlilv~ 11il~ llil~~lIJlJ1fliiulllJlJlJmIiIV~ 11il~ fffl1~1IJ 1IJ 3 UIl11i11lJ f111lJ V11ih
vi1 m~v~rilJu~UlJlJlJlflf1htlifftiiv lhiiUlllJfftlllJUIiI~liIllJf111lJV11IJV~ff1tJ111 1 UIl1 yv~fffl1lJ
t1VlJlliIJWJVf1lJ1 111~V11iiIJIJl~lmulflIJ111~fl~1~ 12-15 U1 V114-5 ih ff1IJmfftiivilflllW~1IJ flnlJ iiU111 irfllJlfl fl11tliff~fl1 ~ V~ 11 il~ 1I~ l IJ lJ 1flfl11 tliffQfftVilfl1m1iI V~ lliiimv mlilv~rilJU~
51 lI bull lI ltII lt D lI lt d lI QIlIlts lI ltgt
UlJIJlJVVf111tliff~ 111-rrlJllil1n VIV~ -rrmlJIJ IJ v VfllJ1mflIJ vv 111~-rrIJ f111 tliff~lJIJIJl~f111~ 1-l2 IJ1 q qr bull q
ltgt A bull lIQ I lIlI lIt V11 2 -25 IJ1 un 1iI1iI tmv~11lJ1tJtlillVIflIil1 mV11if111t~1mIiIV~-rr1IJ flIJ ~1IJ IJ11 tm 11i11i1 tmV~11 lJ1V ~ ~ ~ I _I ~ ~ 9
U~IJ n11lI~ ~IiIVfl11lJ1VmIJ lJ~1iI1tJtlfVfl lJnvIJ un111lJn~lJnvv ~Vf111~lJlmfllJVn 14 tl 11
V11111IJfl1IJ 1 n 1 flf~ 51i111 2 tllv11ojIJ1 IJV~J111irflvi1 1~vlMllm11il~t~v1lJliI ~-rrlJHfl~~lJ~ 51i111ff1IJ 1 1 1~VU111irfl 1~Vf11mIilHm~~tiVlJltl11lJliIllmtlllii ~lflirIJi~~-rrlJHfllJliltilJllmtlllillJliI
lIlI OJ lI D Jt I d I YltII QI
1IJ1mVflIJlm1IJ1lJllJ~VflflH11IJ~ -rr1IJlflilf111V1li1nV~VIl-rr1lJ11i11lJlJV 11vm1 200 lJnnmlJm1111 1
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
8
inllf1ilJ w~mflIJ~l1i~Yi 2 ll~I1Ui~~1h rillVilIlllJlWliJUIIlllJ flllflfl~ltrl1-mn-lIllhJlr~lfhj n6uqtlfllltll~ili 3 Ji1lU
bull i U ~ ~rh~ fl1 ~Y1l ll1l~I11fll~ il~lflW~qigt1m ~ lJfll~ IItflJ~Uil~ ili 1JUnflWlJlt11llll
lIlJI1U nll~1umn~11~ i Ii d1l1lilIli111~ ilitf~ I1U~1~~IigtlWllJl~1lIj1 i lilJ lflmnamJ(I fi~Jl1tlfl $i1mfl~6~fi~Y1i1iJmJ 1 il11U1ti~11lhmiJuflilJ 1JU11$iVn1l1djlJlnhmiJullfU~llJm 1lll~tlIJ ~lU1U Wli~ J1fltlU~~l~ i Iii11U IlllJlliUI~lJ 1111ll~~fltJ(I~I~rnftIJViiIi1l1lflllfl1ltil~llnA~~U
bull bull i JI
1111iriJl1 1iiliii1 m6IJunt~~~Iij(J1li6lJliJU fl 1lflyj1lil1l~ftUiJ1-HlItil~ 1h6UII1i1ii~lJ 1l1fltlIIi1~ bull
11~601-Hi litlliliil flllllJ jjn lJln igt1lII)111 2(111lJiJlIll~tnllJlIUillJ~Y11Ill 1l11 fllHll 1I 1l~ n1lUii~ ii111UgtI
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11I~1h11lrfllU111h i1l1l~IJ1111utitlfl-)UfliVlfllllJIIU1 rKuphuuuifflllH 2 IlJm 1igt1111htl~ 5
llfUigt1llJW~ lIluti1ll1lU~l-H~I~tJl-Hllmllil~UlJl~fl fl~ 1~rrl~1l6fliJIljq~ i jltl~IJi11(1 ri11 ~6~ Illi~llflQ~ IitI1~~1Ji4inlll11~lllJl(l 5-7 11 ii~ 1r1l1111llgtrf1J~llWh~1I1Ill1~~IUtJ1illJftll~fl~~ 11
)wn 11 lutlilJlw~lJlflnuVlt1
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bull L3 fl1~llfl~1~Illl6f bull
Il16W~ltnl1Jil1J~Ijmh~mllJfl~1~mIl1l~ ml1Jm1m1l~Ull~Illl1UflJtl~ Y JI JI JI
9hIlIli1l I iI~1Ji1~ml1JillJ~Uj~wh~ Ii111 tlfl jj li1t1UflllfllrhlIllll111UfllllMui i ifilfl111
1IIJ simple linear regression lVio1thllfl~lJthl~llll systat version 50 allnfl1n1~j tiwnilfl
6V1lWO~ ImtllJI-viVIJl~oH T-test
9
Illlfl1jflillll
bull bull yen
fmffmlli1IJ-na~tl1~(1 V1Ul~lfll(l~huiJ~alff(lfJYUlfl~a(lllnwtl1flfllla~a~ um
JJ ~ I1l1~1i11h~~lfltl1flih hhf1IJ 1 0 f11nllJli1~If~ 1~1lJfJVIllVla~lflUlJIJ -Il~ V1lllJ1IlWrlJlJhi~lla~ih
bull fJ) II t
~ltla~-nilUliimiflgtlWUl1IJ Ul11i~-nihl1111SltfllflJlJ1I1W lJlJlii1a ~lfl ihtj GYlJlla lmfll~ tllffU tI ~ J II vl
a dllllJVi IJ VIfJ~U1UiI j lIU111-1 cl ~jflUll1J1m lIi ~ll II ihll1 ~IIlJI1l1lfUli1il111lYl1l1m II GYU lUll yen bull
lJ111l11J JIIJ ~hiiI1lJU1lili1
fllSllwim~luUa~~hillll~llll1i1 lli~1111i1GYIlIlVllJl~II1~ fIilfH1l~ tJIl~ dillih Y sJ bull
fIilfJ~UlllllimliilJlllul~lfli~1111i11l1~lmimiddotm1Ii1liVI1l~ j1m1lJl~I1~iillhll1ll ISPi1 V1lJ-nrilll1l bull
1l~lIllihlJaihlll~ ~1ll1ll II ~ UIlvi1lJlllhflUl tJ11f)fJll~ ~lll1ll 4 Pi1 1iJUIVlff~~lll1ll 7 Pi1
lllffliltJ~1U1IJ 8 ~ 1l1l~illlgl~lJ~lUU 41 Pi iJUV1ff~~lll1IJ 21 ii1 IVifftiluhIJ1IJ 20 ii1 al~ bull 1h1J1W 15-30 11 j~lflllnm~lIllUmjIJmli1tJ~
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12 IlflgtlWV1WI111V101
121 l5flgtlwihl tI
IlIili11tJ~iJlil1i111U9hJliIi1UUlfl l1i1l ~V1llllIJ1111i11~lJililJmrfl 202
~1 QiI 91 ~Ililfl amlJ mllJfl11IflSlla~ 484 1IfUllllJflS fl11lJJ11mli1a~ 505 IfUfll1JfI mli1a~I-lIl~llJ ll 1J
iiflgtlW1l10Vl1lJ011ll fJ~ lhii 3 wn lJ111W flal1l1li ~iJUiJ~llallm~ ll~1i11lJlIU1~hii1 ltii~ilUI~jf1i1 q ~ ~I x 1 l lUlI11VtJtJU1I1l 1114 m 1l llJllJlllJtl1~lJ1flUU m li1ll4nUllU GYYI1 mli1a4fllUVIll Iffll11f1S lJ iJ~llV
1 = 1 ~ 1 =yenlJ lflllll j lJ ll tJlllJ 1 flff mll a lJ UIl flll W IlJ Uti I-IUfllJ flIl1UU Il a 0 GY 1U IIfJI iJ fl j (IlllJm1l1i1i1 UU
dy OJd ltd1 Q ~ I Ylt$dll IllflUaVllllIJfllf1Hfl1lHffIi11t1fJmall1i111J1~GYU11tlfl 1 tlli11J1lJU ~1i11Ul~la ll111U llJlIlm lU1U 5
Igll Ul11n4iJl~1J~1U1U 4 ~ll illl11111lilala~1111~if~afiUtln1(Ji1~~ 4~1Jflmiddotht~11l1VfillliJ1i1 l5flllwmli1a~ ilmIi1M11l54 (shield) 37 UNU tI~flall~0mta~fla1~~ (neural shield) 5
IINll mli1al~lIJl1n~ (costal shield) oi1~1l 4 IINll mmmSllIJMlil (marginal shield) ffl~tl
II Nll m~s~mila1lUl1N (supracaudal shield) ffHIlt I IINll mli1tHrl1U~fili1fill1i1 (nuchal
shield) iJlllllillgfl mli1a~~lUllUl1lljll~fl 1 (keel) ifmiia~tlaUllllali1ull1flIlHII1 rl1UmilS~
~luVla~ (plastron) lhflall~vmiI6~rlU~filln1Jtla (gular shield) ilUU1ilI~fl 2 IINU mils~ ll1nwUll1Ul (humeral shield) 2 IlNIJ mils~ri1IJ~fili1nllll111Ul (inguinal shield) 2 mlU
mli1a~ri1Uafl (pectoral shield) 2 lINll mila4ri1uVla~ (abdominal shield) 2 UNU mila~lll
bull bull
c
(keel shield)
m~~fl~i1Ul1~
(costal shield)
(neural shield)
mltllmmJBlflU111~
(supracaudal shield)
10
I1ill] (axillary shield) 2 lUlu m~IINl]~1t11iJl11li~ (femeral shield) 2 miu m~IMihuiIJ
(anal shield) 2 Uf1U 1I1fI~lWpJ~ 2
ltl~ 2 5fl1JtII~~tlll~lHWm~Il~hIJl11i1uNum~1l1ff1Ufill~la~5fl1JtII~lfi1iJ1l1~htlltl iWI~1
122 R111l91fl~11II1I
R11111191 fl~11mh~ IIlll~II lt1 ~1Ilf1nmll1lt11 VIii IJ 1l91 Ill] h 1111 l~lJ1tJ I Illl~n
IJWll Igflfl11ll1In tJI15~n5fljjtllSft~11J2tl1lill11WIiIl IJfl11 IIl1l10J ) Idflll11 alJ fl1l Illlln tJ 1Il1l~~ Ild1W1Jil~t)JViWiilllfllJff1WI151m1I1l1~1W1U 3 Ill] ~Hfllt111 I 1IflIJ tY1W-iHm91IHltlil1lt1 1
UflIJ Ua~lJIlIJm~1l1illlmJ9I1lJlIW11A1IJ1l1m~1l11I1mllIJaflSlJlrlJI1tJJmJafh flllJ11fli1I1l1l
I IV (4 wlOI t ltV 44 IV I d ~ )8IlJ ~ IJ 1 tl N1flIll W1jlJW tW~1tJ tl1WI11lJ1flflJlJlI011 lt1fllltll UUnlJm1 lfflIJ1Utlfltl Il tI tllm fl lt11 IflO1
vi-i~Iilti thlll1nfls11 I11~6U tI11flhllllllilv tI~i11I111~1l11imheJfil] Ifltll111mflfl11IlIliltJ
bull UHtlnl11t1IWflIHtIm~1J1-i iJIJ ff1t1Illlln ~mO1Il1Mlti1fhl114hlifllWfltl1l1nl11t1 lli~ i1iiihh
$I S4 I _~ ~ dV I I Iq 1lt5 bull ~1Cl I11l1-r 11 lJ IIHU ll1l1U IlllflmIJ NU Ilflllt1fltlIltJ m fI 1l1191ClIIHIJ tlJlJl11f1l11t1UtlflIlHtI mftll1
~ihlItlI1jjlltlhlJtlmh~tnfiti IlllliltJ~)j1~iiIJtllA 111qJfl11tllll~ mi~ lA11l1flfli1 ~flihu
IIIltYtlfl11 iiiYJ111~~1U1tltllIlG ff1UI111gmfti ~tJt1mwh~l~jlJti1lJfi1J IflUI11~IilltJflill1lff
~ tlft~1t11tl~ 3 Itll 4
(nuchal shield) (gular shield)
mIIt)~U1I11I11IJ111111
(hurneralshield)
(in~inalshield)
(pectoral shield)
(axillary shield)
m~fl~lhufia~ (abdominal shield)
n~~elU1tuUltt6~
(remeral shield)
m~IINri1u~u (anal shield)
11
IHlil ~ III1~ v
ltl1i 4 iTn~~UlliltlIII1il~Ill~ilJW1lu~mYU III1~IINiiJW1iltllmlioll
12
123 fl11lJnlJWjn1Wi1~fl11lJfr)1~mfIHUtlI1111rfl f111lJVl1mflU~IUI1111rfl
lhtl1JillJL1l~lmlllfl~ihfl11rf111rmil~V 63plusmn14 fntlflflJ mllJfl1l~mOlU~ l11~tJ 312plusmn211lfUilll1fl~ fl1111Vl1fll~J~il~V 343plusmn261lfU~lJfl1 f111mYlJl~Un111h~fI11lJfl11~ m~U~UtlI11lfrflUtl~IltlilJi CW = 14226W+2216 R2 = 07295 l1lf11111fflJiun~wh~
fI11lJll1mf1~NUllUl11rflU1l~Iluiui CL = 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 lfffl~1lJ~tlVl 5
CL= 16962W 23474
R ~ 06247
60
50
40
30
~ 20 CW = 14226W 2216iij
RZ = 0729510
o
0 5 10 15 20 llnninlltnI i(nn
IILWmJJviiUl11rflmnV 154plusmn17 1111lflflJ f111lJfl11~mOlU~illlJ 432plusmn22
lIIUilLlJfl~ fI11lJV11mf1U~III~V 467plusmn17 IIU~lJfl~ tl11lJnlJiu1i~11h~fI11lJfl1NmOltHUll h1rflUNlli~ui CW = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 1I11mllJfflJiut1111h~f111lJVl1
w w 2 q _-ltmOllNUllUl11UflUNlllJIIUlj CL = 07377W+35368 R = 05489 lffOl~ Ullll16
ON 07377x +3536860
R~ 05489
- 50 ~8 ~ 40 ~
~
30 ~
05974 c 20 ~ 10
0
250 5 10 15 20
13
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d ll1tJ NifllVll-l Ij f)I-I Il~ f) 11H11-1U1l ~ f) 1114111-1 j If114IHJUIImfllJ
d fH
ijI-Iiii61-1nl-l11f1ll1~tJNiflJfiWifiu1uU1limiddotmllJU1i1f) 30-40 l1WiilllW lY1IVli~11tJ11n1-6lJ lt] 1i1 -= _I I 0 q I l ltV J 0 aI I IVli1llJIJHcrlUl1lJlf)VlWI-I 11fflVlillltJ lJNfl1461lf1 1l111111lJf) 1~64IJH1I1~1U1lmII64if11-1 f)UlJ6~ a~1 $ ~ li i w1
l~lVlIflJlJ ll1111lJlJll 30 U11lil4IJI-IfI6lJIVlIflJlI lIIJlIH 4 IINfllf)jilIHtI1I~IJHIII1VlIfIJJII
HlIlHy1 2 ltilmllJ~lJalJ f)j11 a4~l1-1r11l164IVllfliiIJUt11~I6f)IIlJ1ntll1hm16IJ64~mw ff11-1111i iii ~ bull
lilIJ611iJ 4 i 1-1 U 1 Hlti4 ~ 1mlIUllIf~ifV gt111 1l 11JH NIy 1 MH NIVllflilmYi JifJ~611J1ltilNiflJW inULVli
MA ltv d f t 11 ltQ
IlJlJ IlJJ if61lJ11J1lI1ifl-ll1INIllVlIflJJJ~1I1lJ1tl1 5middot10 W1Yl ~lf)I-I WVl1lVll-lllL1lUlJVlUIj If 1-1
tI lti4lti11f 1flW 1M~J111 VliV4i16~iiillnl-l J1111 lJltl1 5 mli4UIJt11l6t1i)1 t1nU61tl1i1~ii timltll111 W vi1lltlJ1l4111l II 1111-11I1l1JUNf) ~14 fit 1 tJ~iilllcenthIi1mh4lI64J1Jil~4~ t1 lt] Jggt1H
bull JJ
t1m4 2 ~4 VllJ11i1Ul~1l iflll1~1-1 IIf1lJJf)lJl il1f)ff11-11JIf ti~ilt1NfflJI-lifil-llff~ il )rtJ1Vli9i1~H ljgt1
66t1 ~lfla1111 IVl If~uiJ IJ fft1 fIi4If gt1lhjh I1I6yi1-1 li64IJ1l41hl-lt1 NIH iJ6W~lJ lI W 111IJJ 461tJ1tf1f
JI w dr dIJ11111lJltll 5-8 ll1UIlUlJm t11NlhlJ1tl1 8-10 ll1UllllJ~1 t11141)1f)NiflJIIW~1gt11111j1llJtIiJlf)lJI-I1 ~ ~ w d ~w w ltI d J w ltlw
llfU nmet I-IIVl6Nilllt1lJ IIJ UllIAll 11l1lJfll1NiflJVll-lljU1lt1lJU11l1lIJUr11iJ IlJNiflJIil-lljf1tMllllii
iQ J w ~ w ltI aK 1 bull 9 ~ ~~6f) If 1t1ill1t11 IfIjV4illtHfl1~NfflJVlUlj1lmllJt~1 ~f11ll1-11UlJU blJ6~lJW111ftVlnJVl1 ~ t1 111 1111 IlJ
ff1lJ11(lNfflJU~fltUutifi11 yj1lui~U4H1Ltiuihhlll-l~V4hll~flJfl11NiflJuili41lNfflJ lui1l111
a III I~I i1 4t OJ dl fit ai~1 I 1 ti d
H lti4 ~ 1fl1ltili 1 I IiflJt111IlUlJuill~ lJltll 1 1~1)lj Utili 11~lJ~UlJ1dn 1~11lilll11J 11flH 111H114114 I lIu 1 lJltll gt11-1 1gt16 W litl11f1lJ fl4ll m 1 rllJ1JI-I l14Yl H tI H Ijll illf) IlJ 1ft 111lllJfl1111 Yl 1J
111111t11 gt1 Vlnetui1i114 I Ii mit~11lfI llltljtllJl11~1 lilJUH 1ft Yl11t11U~UVi lllfl1iR1luolNWI-IU1l
v bullbull bull
1~lJlJff4lJ t~II9imn 2100 bull 0400 1-1 li1~IlIUq~I1i~1114 Iili14IilU4IViJ4IliU 1~lii1ltl1l1tJql11~Ii 1U11il11411il1n4iitl4flW lii6111hi1ii6f)~~114Ili1~UtJ1-11IJ111 n411~ 2 ~-NI~~tIIltJillfl111~lU
t1lti4 iimjtllfffiJ1~f)1llJl1N~1t1lh9i1111lJ11ll 3-5 LlJill m1lliit11l6~HllJlIlJlll 3060 1l11-~llJm ~ ~ ~J l ~ 1 I 1 ~r111llt1JN 20-40 lfU~llJVl1 Illllilllt1WifUIIU1l41fllllCl114lI fttJJt1tltlIJUlllflU6t1U1l1u1lWIl
II
6l t1lJl IJ IllvhN 11i I~11)iiUU1Iii U f166 t1ll lHri61~ IHIYi1llhfJH ril iiUinrIiill f1 lJl tlIfitI 11 llJ
w ~ ~_ ~~I i w1lf)lJtlII~lJ~UUrllJ1lIDIJ~ Ii6ill6~fl1 11IUUIIllt1lJtltlll1t)lJ ~1 ~4mlJl UfI11i1f1lIUil1
lJfi~tl Illi 1 litfi1H1Ii lif~ iJUU-iliJ1~lJmli4~tlYl11J1I~f11llJ1I1t111llJJum T4iJfl II~mJflU 1-Nmt iI bull
Ufl muIf)1I1t111ljll 1tl~1JIlUiJfttl1t11flll J1fltiWUtili1iJI~rl1lJ111111 lt] tlt1f1f~1~Uin~ihfl~6t1 II JI
fl1~t1 lJ 1 H Ii l1il~ J 1fltiuUUlh~fl1I1U 1l ~Ul 111 Illt1N1lt1l1 VI ill1lfi4VllJ11UUI~h1141lin4iYU
~11l1t1 14 gt11
bull bull bull
14
I lt14 d ltaJ jI d ff1UlyenllUJ1JllUTWUfl1HW 158plusmn17 f11nmll ml11f111~f11~ilfJ~tmW 433plusmn2A 1lfUillllil~ Wl111Vl1
m~ilfJ~m~J 469plusmn15 llfU~tuil~ UlivtUlj1Ht 8 ijlFl 14 tilInFlTm~tli 571 lltlfo1u~ ii
~Ii~1U1U 83 vlfJ~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jm~U lOAplusmn43 vlfJ~I1llnJlfil~tltl1111illijUti lyenlff~ihilWiJfl~~J
lIUiiilJl lllffiilJlhhl1ilFl~liu 15Ot17 filnflill ml11f1~mmiltl~mli1J 431plusmn21 lf1J~llJil~
mllJm1m~ilfJ~m~1J 466plusmn19 IfUlIllJII1 llliwUim11i 6 ) IllFl 14 11 tiil~1f11111~H 429
lltlflltUli mli~1U1U 53 vltl~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jIil~1J 88plusmn29 vltl~I1tlltl 8ilnFl1~VlFlllUIi1tm~8nFl1gt 9 ~ W 1 wi0ltlilllJ ~f111tfllJ~Fl1JmlW 458 lfl~ 415 1JtllllfU9l 1l1lJ1IlillJ Ui1iH U1lln~Il I IfI~ 2
lt lti j0
IV V I Illr I II t ~ ~IV M ~ IV I o1i d JJ 2 1l11Htl1 UlllUn frlmn114 m~fi11~lJnm~~J~IJJ~WJUtlWU~ lI1~1mml111 Il ~lU1U lJUll~J1l11m~1lf1lIUil1IJJ~9111nIJllUlI~VII11tl1111t1
1ltV1111111lllJlllmUJ
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W3WUi UJWUi UltIUI1 fI~l~ ~1l 1l111un fI~l~ 61l l1~~Ii 11ufi3ull ~lU1U llmiluii1 tmllfl 1u~1Ju1J 1~lJLlf1 ~lUll
(l1fl) (lIlJ) (Ji1l) (11fl) (lIlJ) (Jill) ~l1~1i Ii (WtH) (iil) () ~llfl (1u) ll1ii3nl~
iluiil (iil)
90 348 370 170 451 485 1112141 15 10 667 191342 98 10
84 340 370 155 425 460 II 1312141 5 5 1000 201342 97 5
54 292 316 158 428 464 22112141 9 4 444 28342 96 4
40 272 300 160 440 465 II 22112141 7 0 0
42 284 300 160 445 475 X ~
50 300 320 165 446 482 II 2411241 10 2 200 28342 94 2 (J1
70 338 364 132 390 444 X
52 308 328 145 420 463 X
62 316 346 140 392 468 X
54 294 320 202 484 505 II 3012141 18 10 555 21442 93 10
62 320 368 146 422 457 X
86 330 389 162 439 470 II 61142 8 0 0
72 320 361 150 430 450 X
54 301 324 164 450 475 121142 11 7 636 10442 88 7
62plusmn16 31plusmn23 341plusmn29 158plusmn7 433plusmn24 469plusmnJ5 lOAplusmn43 458 943plusmn36
1llJ 8 iil 83 wtH 38ii1 38 iil
c ~ ~
1ij1i1N 2 Jli1iln mllJf1~N Uflm1lJU11m~~ll~lJll~rlmlJI1lJi Jb~nfl1f1U1Ni~~llJ1lJ~Itfl69111f111V1ntlllJ~1IJ1l111mU~lJdl~~Miu1~middotm 1llHlJbJn~1J1miJlJfl
~ ~ Il~IlU~ ttlll1Ull
bull11lH1Jn n~l~ nll Jnnlfl 111~ ~ll 11~H 1u1~U1J ~U1U YlnJilu~1 iJil1JQf1 1UI~U1J jtJn~l ~U1U
(1m) (Ill) (lflJ) (lflJ) (lflJ) ~H1~ l~ (IN) (~1) () ~Ylf1 (1U) 1i~lJ16~
lriU111 (~1)
90 358 380 164 432 469 91214 7 2 286 1813142 99 2
76 326 354 122 390 441 x 73 324 355 160 453 490 13112141 6 4 667 201342 97 4
46 283 300 170 445 475 18112141 11 5 455 2313142 95 5
46 280 308 170 458 497 25112141 10 5 500 2913142 94 5 ~
50 300 320 144 417 445 x 70 328 370 142 44S 475 x 62 314 350 172 440 488 211142 13 6 462 114142 89 6
54 301 330 130 410 453 X
50 296 304 156 446 460 X
67 320 352 164 420 455 911142 6 o o o ~
66 325 366 132 404 442 x 74 320 360 144 434 449 X
66 299 367 130 450 480 X
64plusmn13 313plusmn20 344plusmn26 IS0plusmn17 43lplusmn2i 466plusmn19 S8plusmn29 41S 948plusmn38
11lJ 6111 5314H 22)l 22)1
bull bull
bull bullbull
17
mliWl1llJ1N1j~~W1IJVi 9 iIJ11fllJ 2541 ~lJg~1IJVi 12 lJml1llJ 2542 1j1~1ltn1J
~IJ 1lfl1J11iI lb flIJ ltfllWJ flyj ~H ffll11fllilUj l~flUWiilllJ1flgflfl hlifhJf11jlJ1~11iijllflMru tniSlJlfl
fl111liillWlfllgflflh 1jdlfl IJ~flfl1~VIflmHVi 1 1m 2 IIlJlf)11illltnlflliIlV 529plusmn36 flilJ fl11lJ
fl1HmgJ 4QplusmnO1 l1IJilllJltfll fl11lJtJ11mgu 66plusmnO11l1IJilllJltfl1 1lJll11iflli~V 524plusmn21 flllJ fl1111
fl1l~Ii~V 40plusmnO1 1l1IJ~lJfll ml11Ul1m~1J 67plusmn01 l1IJ~lJltfl1lI1lJ-i1~U lJtjVJflyjl)~IlZiJyjl)~ 1)1f11ft1lI)IJI)~UIllJI)~lI1f11fl1vlIJ1lllltlilJl1~ rll)~~ iJli1mru 24 ~i1l~ IIMll1f11Il1VlJIl~~W1 IflfllIJ ~ timiii~i1rll)IJ ~iUfl11IlfflJvflilflfl1Jllifhlflj liitnl1lJliwliatlfl jiflJ qUl11~1IJh~lgfl
ltlJ jll11 hjlt~~~1fhIJlifl~~~(raquo1gfllI)fJilui11~lJtiI)WflliltJli1~1IVIl)fl iIJ Ilflfl1JVIfllltN~ 1
mjl~h liVlmlTll1IJ 2 UU 1IJ~flfl11V1fl1ll~~ 2 UUIWlUYlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 UU 1IJllflfl11V1flIHI~~ 1 Uti11i1 tiYlfl~TIl1IJ 2uU 1IJ~flfl11V1flntNVi 2 util~huVlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 uti Illl11iflllI)~HI~l (y) Vi)~1f1fl11
1Hjlll~til1IJili~ 2 lflfl11V101ntl~ ~11l1IJ 14 mi 5111 136 vltN il111111fflJI1mlilllJltflHfltlthmXfI
4 ltl 2 i _I dIJl~llJIIW1j (x) 0l1lJfflJfl11fltJ y = L8773x+21682 R = 06008 IIffVil~ lJllJrl 7 unOll1HVI 34
80
60 ~ ~ -~ c 40
r y ~ 1amp113x + 2l682
~i 20 R =06008
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IllH IlmhlIJl(nn)
ltili 7 fl11lJUlJI1m11wiwihmrfl Ii I~ lflIJIllt11ifllUMlJtlfil11ltJ~hHlJfl
ltC lt
I ll
(11m~J 3 U11~1lit~mftUU1~lm~lliwml)0illO1li U)~Ull~uiYil1l1ft)~~J~~w~mmlll~lJ1nlJU~ tllq 1 1U
~ UlJI1tl1j 1li1~1 f1l1ll1
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(00) ( lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ)
170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
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164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
IllftfJ 167plusmn15 445plusmn18 476plusmn15 529plusmn36 40plusmn01 66plusmn01 308plusmn32 49+02 53+02
~
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mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
~ UlJWWl i~~l )111911bull
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Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
iliVJft
48+02
1liVJft
5lplusmnO3
co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
~lU1llilh (y) ~i~mf1fl1j1Nl~IJJ~1iilfli~ 2 l~flWIlIltJ~ tllflUlli91l 14 u1i bull
11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
()
E
20
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i ~
15
10
5
0
y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
~tlll 8 f11111fflJilJlhI1h~hlJ1U 1lil~ ltiull1In1flu1iilJ (WiTiltlftlJl1l1l
jmlhi1flVJfl~lflllii~I~1lJil18 jjUlfllJ 10 lJlIlJlJ 2542 l~lmiddotn 88-99 llJ iI Q A IV ltI Iq
flrulUl1l 268-318 J~flWllmlflff f1111lIJUirlJIfIl1l 802-903 I1JVWlIlJllI (911jl~Il 5)
~ln~1l5 Jml1tliJIIv~IlnJ (Oe) lif111lJnfl 30 lIil~llJ91j 1l1lf1111JiilJirlJill1i() ilJUJYiflill~l ~
I J tV ~ lVitll llml1JlJ
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(0C) f111lJlfIJ 1JIlllll()
Iifl 268 903
lJfl 282 830
fl Il 305 850 d
1111 306 802
Ill 318 894
llUlI) 296 plusmn20 856 plusmn43
bull bull bull
21
I II Q 4s T r t II I gt1 ~I ltltftill fl1WVIl~lJtJ~ IJUIltYtlHlllVWWVlfllJ1lgiraquo1Hm~tHVIl~HffjVI 3 Ill 4 UlJ1tl1 5-10 1W tJIi~~UI11Jtl tmt1lJOWllTI111 ~f1~hiiWf1~U~1imJ ] mi1IlltliMHhllgtlll ~luwifii~uj
(keel) gt~ll~uU11tf~ iltllim~l~mitlFluulfliim~llHn~uNuIll~lJ mIll~U~nmmiii bull
ll1vihllllltjjlJ~lU1U 3 ItfJU f1lUU1flllHraquoltl~ IllfJU tU11l1l ]ll 1 UfJU Ul1Im1l6l~WllUii laquo4 I I 013 II d II d d QIe l d J 1n14 d ll~1~fl11ll1Uraquo1ltltl flUl IJ tltlUUI1ltllJ1lJ VItHllUl1f1llJ U1HUltmmHU il1tl1tHUl tltlllUU t lJlItflltlgt
t~ml1l(J HlllJl11J-lJlm 08 tlfU9IllJl1Ii
I bull ltII II dl II ltto laquo4 At ltII d ~ fl1111 ill fllJllt Ill fill 1j Il VI1ltlJ I111 Vll M 1 l ttY j lJ 1i111lJ Ul lJ IIU 111 llH II IlLUltl1l
ltV v d ltr d 3R8plusmn32 flilJ fl11lJfl11lm1l6tUltlIJ 49plusmnO2 llUl1ItlJIl Ull1J11lJIJ11mI1lltUlllJ 53plusmnO2
bull tI bull
1IfW~tlJi1Ij 1i1WI1VitnJl~1(J61H1i littYllJ1i111iiugiiIJU 11llllMtlflIIInJ 281plusmn26 fl~lJ f111lJfl ~H d lo cl ltV
milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
Itlv191W~hl 2 1gt1fl1HlltlltH 1i1WU1Htlfllfll~h (y) ~lU1W 60 ii iUU111tlflIJtHluJ~h (x) iiflllJ
~ ~ ~ 2 i oJlllJflUfiIgt1ltYlJflli y= L5452x+40918 R = 05058 ttY U~lJ1l9
40
35
30 TI S 25 rsect c 20 j 15
F 10
5
0
0
rbull y~ LS4S2+40918
R~ OSOSS 6
255 15 201deg - m ~ U1~lifitU 11 (nn)
22
_I 11 1 Iflln1J1UHu1~fl11U0~lm1l11J11IUlu~
- r QJ r
1l [)tll6~61flU1l~m~IVlim~illl bull bull Sf
ntlVi6gmffl1II11l1U~tl1l~01ffJil~lJ1mlllhfd6UlhfUUhhl1l~hiT~Il1l6~lI~S VllJ
1J~1ruthtllti~IJ6~lhflll6~Viihiliif)i1f)Wru~U11tl ihmmJflJlJ lftl ~UlJiii6 illfl t1113 l1lJlIlI~ f bulllfl~flH )j61J61ffl6~ltlU1llllJYltI~6~U lUlId1UU11m~lJflIJtllJ1111Vl~lJtlrll1h 1161JntJ~mlll ~Vi
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lIlllJIJ1 Im~f)tl1JlI1IJln~mf) IJ~ 11ilfJ l 1mllUl~mfnJtl 1 lJtllJ1lJtlVltJ~tlIilVl11l11llll~milfI~
1IgtIgtllIlI1tlqt1f1lll11~ lilll1Jtl1uVl1J11lmtlmlltnil~u lJ1~U 11 fl6~fl~il~timhwf)~ltltIlJ flf1~16fllt1f)WtUII6~)j1~ (2543) i1V~ltlhIll1ml9itldlfll1ltl1II1Vi61fffJ6yitlU1niillJ Umli~VllJhv
tl1~1lJ1ltlutiuliim~llllitlutlftUillffVilrJltlll1~fl ImNutaphand (1979) 11l~ltjhlllll11fJ 9i tl1l fl11 tltfll1Vi111l1fll flqtyWtl i fllfll1J1nru111fUuihu1l11ti~1lll6~U1iTflVi~fllt1f)W ru~1 flll1J
nh1lfl
mUVljmlfJIJ6~(lhll1l~lu1Jgtlltli~111gt1t1~lI Vl1JlUvn~ f1l16~lIJ ltllI~~ lit6~ ~ 1flflll6~ ll~ ~ djltlflll6~YiiiIJtl1ll 11t)) ii~tlU1j) lflij~111llgtl1~lIl1~i~111~WV1~tll~iimlllll11lJ1flflh
A d lt) a a lt) ~ I A 5ff 0 d 1lll6~6t1 1 VllJUVl1llllllJlIlI~ ll11JJlf1lItVl~m~llllJlIu1fltll tl6~1l1m1JtIllllJlIYI6~llflllm tI6fl
f1~6~fllJ11 IlU (2533) i 1l~1tlhtl Il ~1JtlVlU1II1l11l~ tll1JflVllJltVl1m iI1lllIflJ1l1tllJ11101IllflUl
_I ~I J I I d d d d I
f1M~Jl~~ lI~lJlf)tllf1l16~1Jlf)1Jl11 CJHl1JtJtIlIJ1l6lll6~f1l1lNlI~ illI~ l tlllll IVlJ~llfll1CJr~1l6~
bull q ~ t q gt ~ q ~ 1 =~ ~ltl1t1t1llVlJ1fl IUlliilJII1ll I1l~llltl1 Itlllll~lI~ 1fl~~qtyVltl1j Itliltl1fllll IIl1 IVl iiltl1llllU
y
(2525) ~d1nilWtl~1II1U1~ltlflll6~lI~~ 6Jl~ il tI~lI tl11Jl~mlmllJWtl~llli1lllU~tll1J~ 1~Ilftl
fltI f11i ~11II1llUlii11 tia 6 d~f1 Jl )~ Jl ~ 6l ~lii6~1J 1~1fl lJ I 101filla~ lI ~~~I1JUl11 ci~ 61flVIJ 6~ 11111 VI j1
)jij~ih lWtJ~I tlVluiiUtlOafl14YU lBffll11J iUlJ11tlfllit6IillIlilUfltl 611 1m1~lrii6 dtifl1l6~lI~
~lIll1I lf~1nm1lJ~61111111ilUtfll1~n61~iiU~~i1Jl1ll111lV~tll1l 1~1Il(t1ci6lm~~flll6~1l~Ih I riiilllJiiu~l1JIlfUflU
~ ~ J2 llflllruYIWlfllVIU1
~flllru~l111 bull
~1f) f111 VI fl 1l 6~VllJ1111i llll uliitll1l~ l1ltllIll1lh~fl fl1 ~ 6~ II~~ (terrapin)
IItl1llltltj) lt1f)llrul~lnlt)1111Nl~6fltl~lm~11l 11111Ulijl~lJ~ltl1tl 5 ~lJ ff1UlJ111lt1~ii 4 y
~lJ IVlflliifJIlJlJtJ1fl illqiViqflii1i111Ufl 202 fill1fl1lJ fI11lJfl~1~mflN 484 CJrtl~lJm m111U11
bull bull
bull bull
23
~llll1lltl~(Jl~hlllJflmHlJIJ(Jliiu1 ihrfllJmIhhJtiltJ lJlhtltlfl 17 il1tlflilJ fl11lJJl1mIlB~~6~ 58
lIlligtilJ~1 fl11lJm1m~B~mj~ 60 lIll~llJm fl1~1I6~l1a~lJilnlibull fl11lJll~fl~H1Vlfl
mllJl~fl~l~~ 11h~lllfl~ lmJ~lldJlI 9l11~lJ1JlllfllJliiUIl1111l1flhllff~ mi~ ~ ~ ~ P I~middot ~ middot1 1fl~~llltltI1ll1fl11llflrjn flll m1 fltllJfl111l1lJ I U m1I6~11n~mmll lJtlllllJnfl] IJUUNU m IlIH
~ P _f d ~ 131 ltjI d P 1 l I II 4
U (J UlJ lfl m lltH Ill U 1l6~jjfl ~ lJ UNll Vl6~l U66fllJlU 1~ll6fllI flU 61lliN 11 mIlB~UYIn W-IU IlJ lJmll y
lJfl Ulffnlltf1Ul1 1lJlhhnn tJlmmjlJU1lIJtJlfllJffll1ii6~61lU iJff1l 1li~11JlliUIllff~ tf1jJ111~I~fl (Vlt$ltu j1 4 1$1
jjUfl11llfl~ Yl11lJ1lIllfllmII(J~mNlJlIflIJ1l1ll1ll 3 llflIJ ~flltl1~ 1 UOIJ lY1UUl~mII1l~Ul~tl ~ 1 n -l1 lflIJ ltllU1lIJm1i16~lJllflIJltllJllU1 fl~U1l~mliljH 1il1l16IJ lJUUllillllflfl111VlflllW lllJflll1l1
lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
mIl(J~l1n~iiltl1lJrmilllthU111~~IWlJl1fl111l1flliitJ 1lJnh~1I1iwli6~rUthlJflUlfljJ111~lJlflflh bull
lllflllJfJ
11 tiII~flUthtlfl~lUlt1jlJ lt111~16flaflll mUltJ ~l1~ (2543) mi1111111~lJe~ lYi1lllfl~ 11 lvi111 lI11JUiJfllJ
IJUllilfJTlflil ii1flUI11~il1tYfl111lnillYI111e~i U 91111l1ti ~tleU1tJ m~111~lJ lflfl111YillllflliJlJ li~il~
lYlBlt1fl1fliUfl11NlYlJliili mllJfflJIiU11iHfl11lJfr)11mIIBltlUnlll11UflIJltJ~vl61iUi CW =
VI(J ~fffl1lJ I HUVIB~l[JIJllYlJ6flU il tl Bli1li~lH U fl1 fl6~lJtllJUIJ flllHU fl1 flltJ~rllll1 U
bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
IiUi cw = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 Utlfl11lJfflJlitJ1111lt1fl11lJ[Jl1m1i16~ltllill1t1fl
~ ~ VIq~fl1j lJmHlfflJI1tJ1j
YiltllfJ~U~~flfflJlitJiflU~~mm1Ultl~mmfiU j~I11HliieUlmfllJii~~Utieu
itJ11fllJ NfflJliuititJUJ1~jiiIJJliifl 300 lllU~lJ~j lYilI1fl~jUl~~ 4 -1i1~lmm~fHI1iltI IJ ll~1111llflljj fJ I~hnllJ~U~ IillllU lli1~ iJiifflJtlltJ U lt1I1lt1)e 11)11li fI fflJlitJiflU111fliilff IJ~ j IJfl1U 11 tl~ ~lflfllt1lJIiU(1111llflljjfJlI~IJJlI461~mfJ1UI~eNlYlJ flU1Ii Ulil11~1~fIJ fl1~NtlJliuin~I~IJJl 14e1~l1ti1~hiNfflJIiUifllJlYi1Vlfl~ fl lilIi1fllllUlIil~U1tJBdIJllUfll~m16~ titJ tilVlvleliUiHlt1lJ
J1Vfl tB~fltiltJ~fllJfiffiJJltlflm (2529) fl~11h11NtlJIiUiflU~1I1Hlii6UflUlJ1fJuii~KtJl~ltJU
bullbull bull
bull bull
24
VId1ulUfhj~tJ1Fl1f1fitJui11t1hmll~~JlJl11J ~1ullinlll 2100 - 0400 U1Wf11 Mti~~lmfutlljlllil1 flmUll~lh1I ~1U1111iii~~ulli 5-18 VItJ1 ~lflf11~VIllllfl11iiJulljVluiIIli11nJ9iUlnll~1tJtJ1M11ltfl
f111V1fllfl1~ 1 il-iJ91gt1f1111HIi 571111tl11oilU~ UIIdjjli~lU1U 83 WN ilfl1Ilillltl1~ 2 iiall~l fll1mW 429 11ltl11oiluli lll~ii~lU111Ii 53 VItl~ U1JlilijjjJlm1fl 470-588 flill fl11lJfl~H 38shy
42 llfU~lJ91 fl111Wl1 65-68 lfU~llJfll
l1fl1lWUtl1 Ii
fl1lW~ lilllilll1lJ91UI1lil1l1111IhtiuIllll flllVItH ffUl1fltlltJIinlll1lfttlf1 Ii ~1UU 111
~ d~ j dy UUfl1911ll1IJlllllJllllflf111 II1l1f)1 ~ fJ11J1I1fl1ltJJ
69111flU1lBtYUii1IllflllVlfl
Iillilll1tJ9iunilVlmnU~1~nll1 88-99111 ~tjwMSJil268-318 HfIlllfllllli1l1j IIll
11 Jj ~ _ ~ 1 ~ f 7 fl11lJlIU lt1 lJj VI I 802-903 1JtllllfUIII UlllllV1 ~lflUlJjU1jll1llJ1~nltllM1lflflllV1fllltlUl 1 1Ill
lflflllV1fllltl1~ 2 iiall11flllVlmlJulll 458 1Ill~ 415 l1Ifllollu1 1II1lJlh~lJ tUflflWllfllltl1~ 1 mj
I1li11llYlfl~1111U 2 all illflflllV1lllfl1~ 2 Illl9hiJJVlfl~lU1U 1 ull tl1~Iatl~~lflflllhililJli11fl 1fllJiJ1Iilfl11111ilm111hh~fllJ1$iilJfl11mVIlJm~ltlflu Jm~liiU1J1i1111lIl1flllliitJ 308plusmn32
flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
VIilllfl~ lliI~11tJ1MllVi1HllflllllVluilllilll11J~Ulnilli~ 2 WI iliiifllllitl6111llflllVlmnllIll1I1liVllli
WllllltJ~ 111l1l viii1J~~1IJfl lM11141flYlllfiflJt1I1lJIl ~~jj11ll1illJ6~lfl11 iiallll1 fl11 Vl fll1]lJ ~11fltllfltJ1
Qt teldQ
fllJtl1M 11 VIlJ 111l1lJllfl l~fl11
fl11V1fllltJ1fffl1l1flll lJN11ll1ilu illiafll 1 11 ~ ulJ fl~11li11l1119iU l1lfl j1Jli1fl 1M 11~1IIllflullVlui bull
IlliltlllJfilllilfl1 2 lflf11~Illll~1 itliillllllifla91l1f111111 i uUll69111fll7Vlfl
1 rmfffl1l1fl-J~ihilu f1111jlVlU 1i~ii ~IlH1J1J7lnlJ 111m ullilVlfllu UtlflU fl11iif1Ufffllol1 ~ _ i 1middotmiddot 4 -l ~ ~ JiIf111U1U 1Jnfl Ufl1lllJ~flU L~U flll~1 nlJ M1mmfl~nfl UVIifllJ1Hlm1JiJlJ~WMlJlJllmllJ~Il
11
25
~ p ~ ~ ~ ~ bullbull ~ ~ ~ 111111111 U mtl~ulfJll 2539 fltlll1Jltlfl1lmfl~Un6pflll IlU ~1nVllnlltHu Vll 1VlV fl1N1Iljl flll
I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
rIUU lyj~I ljtJIli1t1 lIl1UVll nlllti Ilfl1lflW1Ul11 Itti nl1iJ Itfl~ti~U 2529 flllffml1lifv~ jIJ ~ I ~I
1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
lily ~ tI 4 It ltvIt t1IJlI lt111lJlJTUlII1 un 1lm vgWUIJ1t1 2525 l4tim1dl11IJUtiffVlJrl111l4UljlfllU1IJfI U
flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
1L1ilU ljfloWU( 2533 vhM111f1~ ~Tillt1~Ui1f1ifvl1Jll1iJflllitl~rl1U~11J1JlflUVllnfl ffl1llUIJ
i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
d tI~ ltI ~ 11gt ~ 1i(1lJti rllllt11~f VUUIlI rJllmiddotHlI~f 1i(Iln lllJUJllI1lI un mlln JfllJflW1U1Vl 2533 fllll1fllll
I
fl111J li1u1 U 1 ~1J flll1fi11ll1iiu61~Vlri1Jfl111J1lIflllfll 11lvhun61ll111ltlfl IIfl~1fl~lmm1J
11U~11Jfllff1J1JU11Jjlfl11Ugt~ltl2533 m1JU11H mYl 739-745~ hUfl~lUlrI~1Jflfl~flfllimjrullv~lfl~ 2543 lhiuumVlI1VlU dlUflllUtI~1Jfffl~IVmiflpoundjrullltl~ =OIV 4 d $1
lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
~ bull ~ q 1Iffl1UU tn1J1Vl1l~ 1Iti fll1il 1ilfj1JllI 2537 flIJIJ1I1UflII111tiIIIl1mlllIJ tU1JlVlf Vl(J 1Urll
~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
6
bullbull bull 1lmihhIJ~ll1~9I~~1l1911l~ll lJTIJU1lJ11J4 01 UlUl l ll~~
lJ1Uf11~1J1U IJ 3 01 ll~~ 6 ll~
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112 ffllJlfl11IJiflJlill1ii1l-iHfl1IJfl~1~mflNflmh1lilfl Ull~flllJ1Jl1m~flN ~ 0 w fllJIJ1ll 11 fl
~ wlt1 I II wAvw nflHlfl11lJfflJiIIIlij~1l11~mllJfl11~mfl6~fllJU11nlfl~n mlIJ011fljfl6~
fllJlllll U fl ~1 IJ l~oilll11J~ IIllflU~llrliIl i fl 0i~lllllUfl(W) mbmllufii ll flflJ111fl1llJfl~1 ~
flj9Il~(CW) ll~191mllJJl1mfll~(CL) HIllll1flml1tJlihjIlrl-l~lJflj 1l1fl11lJiflJViuIi1iltJi~
1j9ljlYIJf11ji1Ugtlj~ (linear regression)
CW~a+bW ullCL~a+bW lfltJ
W ~ llTI1Ufl~lL~l (weight) 1llllfltllflflJ
CW fl11IJfl~1~m9Il~h (carapace width) dlutlfu9IllJm
CL ~ mllJtJllmfll~I~l (carapace length) IllUIlrI-l9ltIJgtlj
a till b Illufhfl~~
7
113 ffflll1f111lJUlilfWl1n1111~tliff
ffflll1f111lJUlilfli 1~111 h~tliff 1IiIVfffl1l1~1fl IJIJ1iii ilflllWfIlVIJ Vfl ilflllW
111~ ilflllWff unmVlJlJmlilv~
121 U~lJflWVllilnV~
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(Ipomea aquatica)lJliI 51i111ff1IJ 11 lli1VU111irfl ~-rrlJ
11i11iiIJV 200 iin~fl1lJlm1111 1 iHM1lJ
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(Ipomea aquatica)lJliI 51i111ff1IJ 11 lli1tJ1h11irfl
fl1tUIJ f111V1li1n v~-vi-rrll1ihhmU111i1 ~~1111i1-rrliln vi~ui t$1VIJ ff~111fllJ 2541 ti~t$1VIJbull
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t~mlv~ tiIJ ti 111nlJ 11il 11 il~fl1fllllJ~1VIiIllhvtiIJu-rr~ 50 tllv1tojIJ1 t~vlv~tiIJ f111lJ fvIJ fIlV1lJii
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nm 0900 lJ1Wf11 11il~~lflirIJ1il1fluvlMuM~trilJU11MtvimvilJt~lJllJlh~U1Vnn1 1300 lJ1Wf11 Ill
vi mtlh~IJ-vi11m1lJ llilJlllfllMiiIJ lln111il~ t~V1lJliI ~-rrlJ Hm1~lJliI 5Vl11ff1IJ 1 1 1 iiiVU111 irfltiVIJ
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t1VlJlliIJWJVf1lJ1 111~V11iiIJIJl~lmulflIJ111~fl~1~ 12-15 U1 V114-5 ih ff1IJmfftiivilflllW~1IJ flnlJ iiU111 irfllJlfl fl11tliff~fl1 ~ V~ 11 il~ 1I~ l IJ lJ 1flfl11 tliffQfftVilfl1m1iI V~ lliiimv mlilv~rilJU~
51 lI bull lI ltII lt D lI lt d lI QIlIlts lI ltgt
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ltgt A bull lIQ I lIlI lIt V11 2 -25 IJ1 un 1iI1iI tmv~11lJ1tJtlillVIflIil1 mV11if111t~1mIiIV~-rr1IJ flIJ ~1IJ IJ11 tm 11i11i1 tmV~11 lJ1V ~ ~ ~ I _I ~ ~ 9
U~IJ n11lI~ ~IiIVfl11lJ1VmIJ lJ~1iI1tJtlfVfl lJnvIJ un111lJn~lJnvv ~Vf111~lJlmfllJVn 14 tl 11
V11111IJfl1IJ 1 n 1 flf~ 51i111 2 tllv11ojIJ1 IJV~J111irflvi1 1~vlMllm11il~t~v1lJliI ~-rrlJHfl~~lJ~ 51i111ff1IJ 1 1 1~VU111irfl 1~Vf11mIilHm~~tiVlJltl11lJliIllmtlllii ~lflirIJi~~-rrlJHfllJliltilJllmtlllillJliI
lIlI OJ lI D Jt I d I YltII QI
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bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
8
inllf1ilJ w~mflIJ~l1i~Yi 2 ll~I1Ui~~1h rillVilIlllJlWliJUIIlllJ flllflfl~ltrl1-mn-lIllhJlr~lfhj n6uqtlfllltll~ili 3 Ji1lU
bull i U ~ ~rh~ fl1 ~Y1l ll1l~I11fll~ il~lflW~qigt1m ~ lJfll~ IItflJ~Uil~ ili 1JUnflWlJlt11llll
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bull bull i JI
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11~601-Hi litlliliil flllllJ jjn lJln igt1lII)111 2(111lJiJlIll~tnllJlIUillJ~Y11Ill 1l11 fllHll 1I 1l~ n1lUii~ ii111UgtI
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Il16W~ltnl1Jil1J~Ijmh~mllJfl~1~mIl1l~ ml1Jm1m1l~Ull~Illl1UflJtl~ Y JI JI JI
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1IIJ simple linear regression lVio1thllfl~lJthl~llll systat version 50 allnfl1n1~j tiwnilfl
6V1lWO~ ImtllJI-viVIJl~oH T-test
9
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lJ111l11J JIIJ ~hiiI1lJU1lili1
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fIilfJ~UlllllimliilJlllul~lfli~1111i11l1~lmimiddotm1Ii1liVI1l~ j1m1lJl~I1~iillhll1ll ISPi1 V1lJ-nrilll1l bull
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lllffliltJ~1U1IJ 8 ~ 1l1l~illlgl~lJ~lUU 41 Pi iJUV1ff~~lll1IJ 21 ii1 IVifftiluhIJ1IJ 20 ii1 al~ bull 1h1J1W 15-30 11 j~lflllnm~lIllUmjIJmli1tJ~
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12 IlflgtlWV1WI111V101
121 l5flgtlwihl tI
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IINll mli1al~lIJl1n~ (costal shield) oi1~1l 4 IINll mmmSllIJMlil (marginal shield) ffl~tl
II Nll m~s~mila1lUl1N (supracaudal shield) ffHIlt I IINll mli1tHrl1U~fili1fill1i1 (nuchal
shield) iJlllllillgfl mli1a~~lUllUl1lljll~fl 1 (keel) ifmiia~tlaUllllali1ull1flIlHII1 rl1UmilS~
~luVla~ (plastron) lhflall~vmiI6~rlU~filln1Jtla (gular shield) ilUU1ilI~fl 2 IINU mils~ ll1nwUll1Ul (humeral shield) 2 IlNIJ mils~ri1IJ~fili1nllll111Ul (inguinal shield) 2 mlU
mli1a~ri1Uafl (pectoral shield) 2 lINll mila4ri1uVla~ (abdominal shield) 2 UNU mila~lll
bull bull
c
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m~~fl~i1Ul1~
(costal shield)
(neural shield)
mltllmmJBlflU111~
(supracaudal shield)
10
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(anal shield) 2 Uf1U 1I1fI~lWpJ~ 2
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122 R111l91fl~11II1I
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bull UHtlnl11t1IWflIHtIm~1J1-i iJIJ ff1t1Illlln ~mO1Il1Mlti1fhl114hlifllWfltl1l1nl11t1 lli~ i1iiihh
$I S4 I _~ ~ dV I I Iq 1lt5 bull ~1Cl I11l1-r 11 lJ IIHU ll1l1U IlllflmIJ NU Ilflllt1fltlIltJ m fI 1l1191ClIIHIJ tlJlJl11f1l11t1UtlflIlHtI mftll1
~ihlItlI1jjlltlhlJtlmh~tnfiti IlllliltJ~)j1~iiIJtllA 111qJfl11tllll~ mi~ lA11l1flfli1 ~flihu
IIIltYtlfl11 iiiYJ111~~1U1tltllIlG ff1UI111gmfti ~tJt1mwh~l~jlJti1lJfi1J IflUI11~IilltJflill1lff
~ tlft~1t11tl~ 3 Itll 4
(nuchal shield) (gular shield)
mIIt)~U1I11I11IJ111111
(hurneralshield)
(in~inalshield)
(pectoral shield)
(axillary shield)
m~fl~lhufia~ (abdominal shield)
n~~elU1tuUltt6~
(remeral shield)
m~IINri1u~u (anal shield)
11
IHlil ~ III1~ v
ltl1i 4 iTn~~UlliltlIII1il~Ill~ilJW1lu~mYU III1~IINiiJW1iltllmlioll
12
123 fl11lJnlJWjn1Wi1~fl11lJfr)1~mfIHUtlI1111rfl f111lJVl1mflU~IUI1111rfl
lhtl1JillJL1l~lmlllfl~ihfl11rf111rmil~V 63plusmn14 fntlflflJ mllJfl1l~mOlU~ l11~tJ 312plusmn211lfUilll1fl~ fl1111Vl1fll~J~il~V 343plusmn261lfU~lJfl1 f111mYlJl~Un111h~fI11lJfl11~ m~U~UtlI11lfrflUtl~IltlilJi CW = 14226W+2216 R2 = 07295 l1lf11111fflJiun~wh~
fI11lJll1mf1~NUllUl11rflU1l~Iluiui CL = 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 lfffl~1lJ~tlVl 5
CL= 16962W 23474
R ~ 06247
60
50
40
30
~ 20 CW = 14226W 2216iij
RZ = 0729510
o
0 5 10 15 20 llnninlltnI i(nn
IILWmJJviiUl11rflmnV 154plusmn17 1111lflflJ f111lJfl11~mOlU~illlJ 432plusmn22
lIIUilLlJfl~ fI11lJV11mf1U~III~V 467plusmn17 IIU~lJfl~ tl11lJnlJiu1i~11h~fI11lJfl1NmOltHUll h1rflUNlli~ui CW = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 1I11mllJfflJiut1111h~f111lJVl1
w w 2 q _-ltmOllNUllUl11UflUNlllJIIUlj CL = 07377W+35368 R = 05489 lffOl~ Ullll16
ON 07377x +3536860
R~ 05489
- 50 ~8 ~ 40 ~
~
30 ~
05974 c 20 ~ 10
0
250 5 10 15 20
13
Vlqiim11J f) 11 Nifllfil-liU1lf) 1 n1~ Ii
I AS ~ d ltV j-v a I~ 11l1et~I-I nm Il I~~
d ll1tJ NifllVll-l Ij f)I-I Il~ f) 11H11-1U1l ~ f) 1114111-1 j If114IHJUIImfllJ
d fH
ijI-Iiii61-1nl-l11f1ll1~tJNiflJfiWifiu1uU1limiddotmllJU1i1f) 30-40 l1WiilllW lY1IVli~11tJ11n1-6lJ lt] 1i1 -= _I I 0 q I l ltV J 0 aI I IVli1llJIJHcrlUl1lJlf)VlWI-I 11fflVlillltJ lJNfl1461lf1 1l111111lJf) 1~64IJH1I1~1U1lmII64if11-1 f)UlJ6~ a~1 $ ~ li i w1
l~lVlIflJlJ ll1111lJlJll 30 U11lil4IJI-IfI6lJIVlIflJlI lIIJlIH 4 IINfllf)jilIHtI1I~IJHIII1VlIfIJJII
HlIlHy1 2 ltilmllJ~lJalJ f)j11 a4~l1-1r11l164IVllfliiIJUt11~I6f)IIlJ1ntll1hm16IJ64~mw ff11-1111i iii ~ bull
lilIJ611iJ 4 i 1-1 U 1 Hlti4 ~ 1mlIUllIf~ifV gt111 1l 11JH NIy 1 MH NIVllflilmYi JifJ~611J1ltilNiflJW inULVli
MA ltv d f t 11 ltQ
IlJlJ IlJJ if61lJ11J1lI1ifl-ll1INIllVlIflJJJ~1I1lJ1tl1 5middot10 W1Yl ~lf)I-I WVl1lVll-lllL1lUlJVlUIj If 1-1
tI lti4lti11f 1flW 1M~J111 VliV4i16~iiillnl-l J1111 lJltl1 5 mli4UIJt11l6t1i)1 t1nU61tl1i1~ii timltll111 W vi1lltlJ1l4111l II 1111-11I1l1JUNf) ~14 fit 1 tJ~iilllcenthIi1mh4lI64J1Jil~4~ t1 lt] Jggt1H
bull JJ
t1m4 2 ~4 VllJ11i1Ul~1l iflll1~1-1 IIf1lJJf)lJl il1f)ff11-11JIf ti~ilt1NfflJI-lifil-llff~ il )rtJ1Vli9i1~H ljgt1
66t1 ~lfla1111 IVl If~uiJ IJ fft1 fIi4If gt1lhjh I1I6yi1-1 li64IJ1l41hl-lt1 NIH iJ6W~lJ lI W 111IJJ 461tJ1tf1f
JI w dr dIJ11111lJltll 5-8 ll1UIlUlJm t11NlhlJ1tl1 8-10 ll1UllllJ~1 t11141)1f)NiflJIIW~1gt11111j1llJtIiJlf)lJI-I1 ~ ~ w d ~w w ltI d J w ltlw
llfU nmet I-IIVl6Nilllt1lJ IIJ UllIAll 11l1lJfll1NiflJVll-lljU1lt1lJU11l1lIJUr11iJ IlJNiflJIil-lljf1tMllllii
iQ J w ~ w ltI aK 1 bull 9 ~ ~~6f) If 1t1ill1t11 IfIjV4illtHfl1~NfflJVlUlj1lmllJt~1 ~f11ll1-11UlJU blJ6~lJW111ftVlnJVl1 ~ t1 111 1111 IlJ
ff1lJ11(lNfflJU~fltUutifi11 yj1lui~U4H1Ltiuihhlll-l~V4hll~flJfl11NiflJuili41lNfflJ lui1l111
a III I~I i1 4t OJ dl fit ai~1 I 1 ti d
H lti4 ~ 1fl1ltili 1 I IiflJt111IlUlJuill~ lJltll 1 1~1)lj Utili 11~lJ~UlJ1dn 1~11lilll11J 11flH 111H114114 I lIu 1 lJltll gt11-1 1gt16 W litl11f1lJ fl4ll m 1 rllJ1JI-I l14Yl H tI H Ijll illf) IlJ 1ft 111lllJfl1111 Yl 1J
111111t11 gt1 Vlnetui1i114 I Ii mit~11lfI llltljtllJl11~1 lilJUH 1ft Yl11t11U~UVi lllfl1iR1luolNWI-IU1l
v bullbull bull
1~lJlJff4lJ t~II9imn 2100 bull 0400 1-1 li1~IlIUq~I1i~1114 Iili14IilU4IViJ4IliU 1~lii1ltl1l1tJql11~Ii 1U11il11411il1n4iitl4flW lii6111hi1ii6f)~~114Ili1~UtJ1-11IJ111 n411~ 2 ~-NI~~tIIltJillfl111~lU
t1lti4 iimjtllfffiJ1~f)1llJl1N~1t1lh9i1111lJ11ll 3-5 LlJill m1lliit11l6~HllJlIlJlll 3060 1l11-~llJm ~ ~ ~J l ~ 1 I 1 ~r111llt1JN 20-40 lfU~llJVl1 Illllilllt1WifUIIU1l41fllllCl114lI fttJJt1tltlIJUlllflU6t1U1l1u1lWIl
II
6l t1lJl IJ IllvhN 11i I~11)iiUU1Iii U f166 t1ll lHri61~ IHIYi1llhfJH ril iiUinrIiill f1 lJl tlIfitI 11 llJ
w ~ ~_ ~~I i w1lf)lJtlII~lJ~UUrllJ1lIDIJ~ Ii6ill6~fl1 11IUUIIllt1lJtltlll1t)lJ ~1 ~4mlJl UfI11i1f1lIUil1
lJfi~tl Illi 1 litfi1H1Ii lif~ iJUU-iliJ1~lJmli4~tlYl11J1I~f11llJ1I1t111llJJum T4iJfl II~mJflU 1-Nmt iI bull
Ufl muIf)1I1t111ljll 1tl~1JIlUiJfttl1t11flll J1fltiWUtili1iJI~rl1lJ111111 lt] tlt1f1f~1~Uin~ihfl~6t1 II JI
fl1~t1 lJ 1 H Ii l1il~ J 1fltiuUUlh~fl1I1U 1l ~Ul 111 Illt1N1lt1l1 VI ill1lfi4VllJ11UUI~h1141lin4iYU
~11l1t1 14 gt11
bull bull bull
14
I lt14 d ltaJ jI d ff1UlyenllUJ1JllUTWUfl1HW 158plusmn17 f11nmll ml11f111~f11~ilfJ~tmW 433plusmn2A 1lfUillllil~ Wl111Vl1
m~ilfJ~m~J 469plusmn15 llfU~tuil~ UlivtUlj1Ht 8 ijlFl 14 tilInFlTm~tli 571 lltlfo1u~ ii
~Ii~1U1U 83 vlfJ~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jm~U lOAplusmn43 vlfJ~I1llnJlfil~tltl1111illijUti lyenlff~ihilWiJfl~~J
lIUiiilJl lllffiilJlhhl1ilFl~liu 15Ot17 filnflill ml11f1~mmiltl~mli1J 431plusmn21 lf1J~llJil~
mllJm1m~ilfJ~m~1J 466plusmn19 IfUlIllJII1 llliwUim11i 6 ) IllFl 14 11 tiil~1f11111~H 429
lltlflltUli mli~1U1U 53 vltl~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jIil~1J 88plusmn29 vltl~I1tlltl 8ilnFl1~VlFlllUIi1tm~8nFl1gt 9 ~ W 1 wi0ltlilllJ ~f111tfllJ~Fl1JmlW 458 lfl~ 415 1JtllllfU9l 1l1lJ1IlillJ Ui1iH U1lln~Il I IfI~ 2
lt lti j0
IV V I Illr I II t ~ ~IV M ~ IV I o1i d JJ 2 1l11Htl1 UlllUn frlmn114 m~fi11~lJnm~~J~IJJ~WJUtlWU~ lI1~1mml111 Il ~lU1U lJUll~J1l11m~1lf1lIUil1IJJ~9111nIJllUlI~VII11tl1111t1
1ltV1111111lllJlllmUJ
~ ~
W3WUi UJWUi UltIUI1 fI~l~ ~1l 1l111un fI~l~ 61l l1~~Ii 11ufi3ull ~lU1U llmiluii1 tmllfl 1u~1Ju1J 1~lJLlf1 ~lUll
(l1fl) (lIlJ) (Ji1l) (11fl) (lIlJ) (Jill) ~l1~1i Ii (WtH) (iil) () ~llfl (1u) ll1ii3nl~
iluiil (iil)
90 348 370 170 451 485 1112141 15 10 667 191342 98 10
84 340 370 155 425 460 II 1312141 5 5 1000 201342 97 5
54 292 316 158 428 464 22112141 9 4 444 28342 96 4
40 272 300 160 440 465 II 22112141 7 0 0
42 284 300 160 445 475 X ~
50 300 320 165 446 482 II 2411241 10 2 200 28342 94 2 (J1
70 338 364 132 390 444 X
52 308 328 145 420 463 X
62 316 346 140 392 468 X
54 294 320 202 484 505 II 3012141 18 10 555 21442 93 10
62 320 368 146 422 457 X
86 330 389 162 439 470 II 61142 8 0 0
72 320 361 150 430 450 X
54 301 324 164 450 475 121142 11 7 636 10442 88 7
62plusmn16 31plusmn23 341plusmn29 158plusmn7 433plusmn24 469plusmnJ5 lOAplusmn43 458 943plusmn36
1llJ 8 iil 83 wtH 38ii1 38 iil
c ~ ~
1ij1i1N 2 Jli1iln mllJf1~N Uflm1lJU11m~~ll~lJll~rlmlJI1lJi Jb~nfl1f1U1Ni~~llJ1lJ~Itfl69111f111V1ntlllJ~1IJ1l111mU~lJdl~~Miu1~middotm 1llHlJbJn~1J1miJlJfl
~ ~ Il~IlU~ ttlll1Ull
bull11lH1Jn n~l~ nll Jnnlfl 111~ ~ll 11~H 1u1~U1J ~U1U YlnJilu~1 iJil1JQf1 1UI~U1J jtJn~l ~U1U
(1m) (Ill) (lflJ) (lflJ) (lflJ) ~H1~ l~ (IN) (~1) () ~Ylf1 (1U) 1i~lJ16~
lriU111 (~1)
90 358 380 164 432 469 91214 7 2 286 1813142 99 2
76 326 354 122 390 441 x 73 324 355 160 453 490 13112141 6 4 667 201342 97 4
46 283 300 170 445 475 18112141 11 5 455 2313142 95 5
46 280 308 170 458 497 25112141 10 5 500 2913142 94 5 ~
50 300 320 144 417 445 x 70 328 370 142 44S 475 x 62 314 350 172 440 488 211142 13 6 462 114142 89 6
54 301 330 130 410 453 X
50 296 304 156 446 460 X
67 320 352 164 420 455 911142 6 o o o ~
66 325 366 132 404 442 x 74 320 360 144 434 449 X
66 299 367 130 450 480 X
64plusmn13 313plusmn20 344plusmn26 IS0plusmn17 43lplusmn2i 466plusmn19 S8plusmn29 41S 948plusmn38
11lJ 6111 5314H 22)l 22)1
bull bull
bull bullbull
17
mliWl1llJ1N1j~~W1IJVi 9 iIJ11fllJ 2541 ~lJg~1IJVi 12 lJml1llJ 2542 1j1~1ltn1J
~IJ 1lfl1J11iI lb flIJ ltfllWJ flyj ~H ffll11fllilUj l~flUWiilllJ1flgflfl hlifhJf11jlJ1~11iijllflMru tniSlJlfl
fl111liillWlfllgflflh 1jdlfl IJ~flfl1~VIflmHVi 1 1m 2 IIlJlf)11illltnlflliIlV 529plusmn36 flilJ fl11lJ
fl1HmgJ 4QplusmnO1 l1IJilllJltfll fl11lJtJ11mgu 66plusmnO11l1IJilllJltfl1 1lJll11iflli~V 524plusmn21 flllJ fl1111
fl1l~Ii~V 40plusmnO1 1l1IJ~lJfll ml11Ul1m~1J 67plusmn01 l1IJ~lJltfl1lI1lJ-i1~U lJtjVJflyjl)~IlZiJyjl)~ 1)1f11ft1lI)IJI)~UIllJI)~lI1f11fl1vlIJ1lllltlilJl1~ rll)~~ iJli1mru 24 ~i1l~ IIMll1f11Il1VlJIl~~W1 IflfllIJ ~ timiii~i1rll)IJ ~iUfl11IlfflJvflilflfl1Jllifhlflj liitnl1lJliwliatlfl jiflJ qUl11~1IJh~lgfl
ltlJ jll11 hjlt~~~1fhIJlifl~~~(raquo1gfllI)fJilui11~lJtiI)WflliltJli1~1IVIl)fl iIJ Ilflfl1JVIfllltN~ 1
mjl~h liVlmlTll1IJ 2 UU 1IJ~flfl11V1fl1ll~~ 2 UUIWlUYlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 UU 1IJllflfl11V1flIHI~~ 1 Uti11i1 tiYlfl~TIl1IJ 2uU 1IJ~flfl11V1flntNVi 2 util~huVlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 uti Illl11iflllI)~HI~l (y) Vi)~1f1fl11
1Hjlll~til1IJili~ 2 lflfl11V101ntl~ ~11l1IJ 14 mi 5111 136 vltN il111111fflJI1mlilllJltflHfltlthmXfI
4 ltl 2 i _I dIJl~llJIIW1j (x) 0l1lJfflJfl11fltJ y = L8773x+21682 R = 06008 IIffVil~ lJllJrl 7 unOll1HVI 34
80
60 ~ ~ -~ c 40
r y ~ 1amp113x + 2l682
~i 20 R =06008
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IllH IlmhlIJl(nn)
ltili 7 fl11lJUlJI1m11wiwihmrfl Ii I~ lflIJIllt11ifllUMlJtlfil11ltJ~hHlJfl
ltC lt
I ll
(11m~J 3 U11~1lit~mftUU1~lm~lliwml)0illO1li U)~Ull~uiYil1l1ft)~~J~~w~mmlll~lJ1nlJU~ tllq 1 1U
~ UlJI1tl1j 1li1~1 f1l1ll1
bullbull ~ bullbull ~ bullbull ~ tllWWO O~H em Ul11Ufl O~l~ 1111 IllllUfl fl1H fin
(00) ( lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ)
170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
OJ
164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
IllftfJ 167plusmn15 445plusmn18 476plusmn15 529plusmn36 40plusmn01 66plusmn01 308plusmn32 49+02 53+02
~
eo ~
bull JO
mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
~ UlJWWl i~~l )111911bull
~bull bullbull bull~
Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
iliVJft
48+02
1liVJft
5lplusmnO3
co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
~lU1llilh (y) ~i~mf1fl1j1Nl~IJJ~1iilfli~ 2 l~flWIlIltJ~ tllflUlli91l 14 u1i bull
11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
()
E
20
~ ~ gt ~
i ~
15
10
5
0
y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
~tlll 8 f11111fflJilJlhI1h~hlJ1U 1lil~ ltiull1In1flu1iilJ (WiTiltlftlJl1l1l
jmlhi1flVJfl~lflllii~I~1lJil18 jjUlfllJ 10 lJlIlJlJ 2542 l~lmiddotn 88-99 llJ iI Q A IV ltI Iq
flrulUl1l 268-318 J~flWllmlflff f1111lIJUirlJIfIl1l 802-903 I1JVWlIlJllI (911jl~Il 5)
~ln~1l5 Jml1tliJIIv~IlnJ (Oe) lif111lJnfl 30 lIil~llJ91j 1l1lf1111JiilJirlJill1i() ilJUJYiflill~l ~
I J tV ~ lVitll llml1JlJ
~
(0C) f111lJlfIJ 1JIlllll()
Iifl 268 903
lJfl 282 830
fl Il 305 850 d
1111 306 802
Ill 318 894
llUlI) 296 plusmn20 856 plusmn43
bull bull bull
21
I II Q 4s T r t II I gt1 ~I ltltftill fl1WVIl~lJtJ~ IJUIltYtlHlllVWWVlfllJ1lgiraquo1Hm~tHVIl~HffjVI 3 Ill 4 UlJ1tl1 5-10 1W tJIi~~UI11Jtl tmt1lJOWllTI111 ~f1~hiiWf1~U~1imJ ] mi1IlltliMHhllgtlll ~luwifii~uj
(keel) gt~ll~uU11tf~ iltllim~l~mitlFluulfliim~llHn~uNuIll~lJ mIll~U~nmmiii bull
ll1vihllllltjjlJ~lU1U 3 ItfJU f1lUU1flllHraquoltl~ IllfJU tU11l1l ]ll 1 UfJU Ul1Im1l6l~WllUii laquo4 I I 013 II d II d d QIe l d J 1n14 d ll~1~fl11ll1Uraquo1ltltl flUl IJ tltlUUI1ltllJ1lJ VItHllUl1f1llJ U1HUltmmHU il1tl1tHUl tltlllUU t lJlItflltlgt
t~ml1l(J HlllJl11J-lJlm 08 tlfU9IllJl1Ii
I bull ltII II dl II ltto laquo4 At ltII d ~ fl1111 ill fllJllt Ill fill 1j Il VI1ltlJ I111 Vll M 1 l ttY j lJ 1i111lJ Ul lJ IIU 111 llH II IlLUltl1l
ltV v d ltr d 3R8plusmn32 flilJ fl11lJfl11lm1l6tUltlIJ 49plusmnO2 llUl1ItlJIl Ull1J11lJIJ11mI1lltUlllJ 53plusmnO2
bull tI bull
1IfW~tlJi1Ij 1i1WI1VitnJl~1(J61H1i littYllJ1i111iiugiiIJU 11llllMtlflIIInJ 281plusmn26 fl~lJ f111lJfl ~H d lo cl ltV
milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
Itlv191W~hl 2 1gt1fl1HlltlltH 1i1WU1Htlfllfll~h (y) ~lU1W 60 ii iUU111tlflIJtHluJ~h (x) iiflllJ
~ ~ ~ 2 i oJlllJflUfiIgt1ltYlJflli y= L5452x+40918 R = 05058 ttY U~lJ1l9
40
35
30 TI S 25 rsect c 20 j 15
F 10
5
0
0
rbull y~ LS4S2+40918
R~ OSOSS 6
255 15 201deg - m ~ U1~lifitU 11 (nn)
22
_I 11 1 Iflln1J1UHu1~fl11U0~lm1l11J11IUlu~
- r QJ r
1l [)tll6~61flU1l~m~IVlim~illl bull bull Sf
ntlVi6gmffl1II11l1U~tl1l~01ffJil~lJ1mlllhfd6UlhfUUhhl1l~hiT~Il1l6~lI~S VllJ
1J~1ruthtllti~IJ6~lhflll6~Viihiliif)i1f)Wru~U11tl ihmmJflJlJ lftl ~UlJiii6 illfl t1113 l1lJlIlI~ f bulllfl~flH )j61J61ffl6~ltlU1llllJYltI~6~U lUlId1UU11m~lJflIJtllJ1111Vl~lJtlrll1h 1161JntJ~mlll ~Vi
~I d ~ I ok d de x l q IIGI
lIlllJIJ1 Im~f)tl1JlI1IJln~mf) IJ~ 11ilfJ l 1mllUl~mfnJtl 1 lJtllJ1lJtlVltJ~tlIilVl11l11llll~milfI~
1IgtIgtllIlI1tlqt1f1lll11~ lilll1Jtl1uVl1J11lmtlmlltnil~u lJ1~U 11 fl6~fl~il~timhwf)~ltltIlJ flf1~16fllt1f)WtUII6~)j1~ (2543) i1V~ltlhIll1ml9itldlfll1ltl1II1Vi61fffJ6yitlU1niillJ Umli~VllJhv
tl1~1lJ1ltlutiuliim~llllitlutlftUillffVilrJltlll1~fl ImNutaphand (1979) 11l~ltjhlllll11fJ 9i tl1l fl11 tltfll1Vi111l1fll flqtyWtl i fllfll1J1nru111fUuihu1l11ti~1lll6~U1iTflVi~fllt1f)W ru~1 flll1J
nh1lfl
mUVljmlfJIJ6~(lhll1l~lu1Jgtlltli~111gt1t1~lI Vl1JlUvn~ f1l16~lIJ ltllI~~ lit6~ ~ 1flflll6~ ll~ ~ djltlflll6~YiiiIJtl1ll 11t)) ii~tlU1j) lflij~111llgtl1~lIl1~i~111~WV1~tll~iimlllll11lJ1flflh
A d lt) a a lt) ~ I A 5ff 0 d 1lll6~6t1 1 VllJUVl1llllllJlIlI~ ll11JJlf1lItVl~m~llllJlIu1fltll tl6~1l1m1JtIllllJlIYI6~llflllm tI6fl
f1~6~fllJ11 IlU (2533) i 1l~1tlhtl Il ~1JtlVlU1II1l11l~ tll1JflVllJltVl1m iI1lllIflJ1l1tllJ11101IllflUl
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23
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bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
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1 rmfffl1l1fl-J~ihilu f1111jlVlU 1i~ii ~IlH1J1J7lnlJ 111m ullilVlfllu UtlflU fl11iif1Ufffllol1 ~ _ i 1middotmiddot 4 -l ~ ~ JiIf111U1U 1Jnfl Ufl1lllJ~flU L~U flll~1 nlJ M1mmfl~nfl UVIifllJ1Hlm1JiJlJ~WMlJlJllmllJ~Il
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25
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I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
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1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
lily ~ tI 4 It ltvIt t1IJlI lt111lJlJTUlII1 un 1lm vgWUIJ1t1 2525 l4tim1dl11IJUtiffVlJrl111l4UljlfllU1IJfI U
flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
1L1ilU ljfloWU( 2533 vhM111f1~ ~Tillt1~Ui1f1ifvl1Jll1iJflllitl~rl1U~11J1JlflUVllnfl ffl1llUIJ
i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
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~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
7
113 ffflll1f111lJUlilfWl1n1111~tliff
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8
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II Nll m~s~mila1lUl1N (supracaudal shield) ffHIlt I IINll mli1tHrl1U~fili1fill1i1 (nuchal
shield) iJlllllillgfl mli1a~~lUllUl1lljll~fl 1 (keel) ifmiia~tlaUllllali1ull1flIlHII1 rl1UmilS~
~luVla~ (plastron) lhflall~vmiI6~rlU~filln1Jtla (gular shield) ilUU1ilI~fl 2 IINU mils~ ll1nwUll1Ul (humeral shield) 2 IlNIJ mils~ri1IJ~fili1nllll111Ul (inguinal shield) 2 mlU
mli1a~ri1Uafl (pectoral shield) 2 lINll mila4ri1uVla~ (abdominal shield) 2 UNU mila~lll
bull bull
c
(keel shield)
m~~fl~i1Ul1~
(costal shield)
(neural shield)
mltllmmJBlflU111~
(supracaudal shield)
10
I1ill] (axillary shield) 2 lUlu m~IINl]~1t11iJl11li~ (femeral shield) 2 miu m~IMihuiIJ
(anal shield) 2 Uf1U 1I1fI~lWpJ~ 2
ltl~ 2 5fl1JtII~~tlll~lHWm~Il~hIJl11i1uNum~1l1ff1Ufill~la~5fl1JtII~lfi1iJ1l1~htlltl iWI~1
122 R111l91fl~11II1I
R11111191 fl~11mh~ IIlll~II lt1 ~1Ilf1nmll1lt11 VIii IJ 1l91 Ill] h 1111 l~lJ1tJ I Illl~n
IJWll Igflfl11ll1In tJI15~n5fljjtllSft~11J2tl1lill11WIiIl IJfl11 IIl1l10J ) Idflll11 alJ fl1l Illlln tJ 1Il1l~~ Ild1W1Jil~t)JViWiilllfllJff1WI151m1I1l1~1W1U 3 Ill] ~Hfllt111 I 1IflIJ tY1W-iHm91IHltlil1lt1 1
UflIJ Ua~lJIlIJm~1l1illlmJ9I1lJlIW11A1IJ1l1m~1l11I1mllIJaflSlJlrlJI1tJJmJafh flllJ11fli1I1l1l
I IV (4 wlOI t ltV 44 IV I d ~ )8IlJ ~ IJ 1 tl N1flIll W1jlJW tW~1tJ tl1WI11lJ1flflJlJlI011 lt1fllltll UUnlJm1 lfflIJ1Utlfltl Il tI tllm fl lt11 IflO1
vi-i~Iilti thlll1nfls11 I11~6U tI11flhllllllilv tI~i11I111~1l11imheJfil] Ifltll111mflfl11IlIliltJ
bull UHtlnl11t1IWflIHtIm~1J1-i iJIJ ff1t1Illlln ~mO1Il1Mlti1fhl114hlifllWfltl1l1nl11t1 lli~ i1iiihh
$I S4 I _~ ~ dV I I Iq 1lt5 bull ~1Cl I11l1-r 11 lJ IIHU ll1l1U IlllflmIJ NU Ilflllt1fltlIltJ m fI 1l1191ClIIHIJ tlJlJl11f1l11t1UtlflIlHtI mftll1
~ihlItlI1jjlltlhlJtlmh~tnfiti IlllliltJ~)j1~iiIJtllA 111qJfl11tllll~ mi~ lA11l1flfli1 ~flihu
IIIltYtlfl11 iiiYJ111~~1U1tltllIlG ff1UI111gmfti ~tJt1mwh~l~jlJti1lJfi1J IflUI11~IilltJflill1lff
~ tlft~1t11tl~ 3 Itll 4
(nuchal shield) (gular shield)
mIIt)~U1I11I11IJ111111
(hurneralshield)
(in~inalshield)
(pectoral shield)
(axillary shield)
m~fl~lhufia~ (abdominal shield)
n~~elU1tuUltt6~
(remeral shield)
m~IINri1u~u (anal shield)
11
IHlil ~ III1~ v
ltl1i 4 iTn~~UlliltlIII1il~Ill~ilJW1lu~mYU III1~IINiiJW1iltllmlioll
12
123 fl11lJnlJWjn1Wi1~fl11lJfr)1~mfIHUtlI1111rfl f111lJVl1mflU~IUI1111rfl
lhtl1JillJL1l~lmlllfl~ihfl11rf111rmil~V 63plusmn14 fntlflflJ mllJfl1l~mOlU~ l11~tJ 312plusmn211lfUilll1fl~ fl1111Vl1fll~J~il~V 343plusmn261lfU~lJfl1 f111mYlJl~Un111h~fI11lJfl11~ m~U~UtlI11lfrflUtl~IltlilJi CW = 14226W+2216 R2 = 07295 l1lf11111fflJiun~wh~
fI11lJll1mf1~NUllUl11rflU1l~Iluiui CL = 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 lfffl~1lJ~tlVl 5
CL= 16962W 23474
R ~ 06247
60
50
40
30
~ 20 CW = 14226W 2216iij
RZ = 0729510
o
0 5 10 15 20 llnninlltnI i(nn
IILWmJJviiUl11rflmnV 154plusmn17 1111lflflJ f111lJfl11~mOlU~illlJ 432plusmn22
lIIUilLlJfl~ fI11lJV11mf1U~III~V 467plusmn17 IIU~lJfl~ tl11lJnlJiu1i~11h~fI11lJfl1NmOltHUll h1rflUNlli~ui CW = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 1I11mllJfflJiut1111h~f111lJVl1
w w 2 q _-ltmOllNUllUl11UflUNlllJIIUlj CL = 07377W+35368 R = 05489 lffOl~ Ullll16
ON 07377x +3536860
R~ 05489
- 50 ~8 ~ 40 ~
~
30 ~
05974 c 20 ~ 10
0
250 5 10 15 20
13
Vlqiim11J f) 11 Nifllfil-liU1lf) 1 n1~ Ii
I AS ~ d ltV j-v a I~ 11l1et~I-I nm Il I~~
d ll1tJ NifllVll-l Ij f)I-I Il~ f) 11H11-1U1l ~ f) 1114111-1 j If114IHJUIImfllJ
d fH
ijI-Iiii61-1nl-l11f1ll1~tJNiflJfiWifiu1uU1limiddotmllJU1i1f) 30-40 l1WiilllW lY1IVli~11tJ11n1-6lJ lt] 1i1 -= _I I 0 q I l ltV J 0 aI I IVli1llJIJHcrlUl1lJlf)VlWI-I 11fflVlillltJ lJNfl1461lf1 1l111111lJf) 1~64IJH1I1~1U1lmII64if11-1 f)UlJ6~ a~1 $ ~ li i w1
l~lVlIflJlJ ll1111lJlJll 30 U11lil4IJI-IfI6lJIVlIflJlI lIIJlIH 4 IINfllf)jilIHtI1I~IJHIII1VlIfIJJII
HlIlHy1 2 ltilmllJ~lJalJ f)j11 a4~l1-1r11l164IVllfliiIJUt11~I6f)IIlJ1ntll1hm16IJ64~mw ff11-1111i iii ~ bull
lilIJ611iJ 4 i 1-1 U 1 Hlti4 ~ 1mlIUllIf~ifV gt111 1l 11JH NIy 1 MH NIVllflilmYi JifJ~611J1ltilNiflJW inULVli
MA ltv d f t 11 ltQ
IlJlJ IlJJ if61lJ11J1lI1ifl-ll1INIllVlIflJJJ~1I1lJ1tl1 5middot10 W1Yl ~lf)I-I WVl1lVll-lllL1lUlJVlUIj If 1-1
tI lti4lti11f 1flW 1M~J111 VliV4i16~iiillnl-l J1111 lJltl1 5 mli4UIJt11l6t1i)1 t1nU61tl1i1~ii timltll111 W vi1lltlJ1l4111l II 1111-11I1l1JUNf) ~14 fit 1 tJ~iilllcenthIi1mh4lI64J1Jil~4~ t1 lt] Jggt1H
bull JJ
t1m4 2 ~4 VllJ11i1Ul~1l iflll1~1-1 IIf1lJJf)lJl il1f)ff11-11JIf ti~ilt1NfflJI-lifil-llff~ il )rtJ1Vli9i1~H ljgt1
66t1 ~lfla1111 IVl If~uiJ IJ fft1 fIi4If gt1lhjh I1I6yi1-1 li64IJ1l41hl-lt1 NIH iJ6W~lJ lI W 111IJJ 461tJ1tf1f
JI w dr dIJ11111lJltll 5-8 ll1UIlUlJm t11NlhlJ1tl1 8-10 ll1UllllJ~1 t11141)1f)NiflJIIW~1gt11111j1llJtIiJlf)lJI-I1 ~ ~ w d ~w w ltI d J w ltlw
llfU nmet I-IIVl6Nilllt1lJ IIJ UllIAll 11l1lJfll1NiflJVll-lljU1lt1lJU11l1lIJUr11iJ IlJNiflJIil-lljf1tMllllii
iQ J w ~ w ltI aK 1 bull 9 ~ ~~6f) If 1t1ill1t11 IfIjV4illtHfl1~NfflJVlUlj1lmllJt~1 ~f11ll1-11UlJU blJ6~lJW111ftVlnJVl1 ~ t1 111 1111 IlJ
ff1lJ11(lNfflJU~fltUutifi11 yj1lui~U4H1Ltiuihhlll-l~V4hll~flJfl11NiflJuili41lNfflJ lui1l111
a III I~I i1 4t OJ dl fit ai~1 I 1 ti d
H lti4 ~ 1fl1ltili 1 I IiflJt111IlUlJuill~ lJltll 1 1~1)lj Utili 11~lJ~UlJ1dn 1~11lilll11J 11flH 111H114114 I lIu 1 lJltll gt11-1 1gt16 W litl11f1lJ fl4ll m 1 rllJ1JI-I l14Yl H tI H Ijll illf) IlJ 1ft 111lllJfl1111 Yl 1J
111111t11 gt1 Vlnetui1i114 I Ii mit~11lfI llltljtllJl11~1 lilJUH 1ft Yl11t11U~UVi lllfl1iR1luolNWI-IU1l
v bullbull bull
1~lJlJff4lJ t~II9imn 2100 bull 0400 1-1 li1~IlIUq~I1i~1114 Iili14IilU4IViJ4IliU 1~lii1ltl1l1tJql11~Ii 1U11il11411il1n4iitl4flW lii6111hi1ii6f)~~114Ili1~UtJ1-11IJ111 n411~ 2 ~-NI~~tIIltJillfl111~lU
t1lti4 iimjtllfffiJ1~f)1llJl1N~1t1lh9i1111lJ11ll 3-5 LlJill m1lliit11l6~HllJlIlJlll 3060 1l11-~llJm ~ ~ ~J l ~ 1 I 1 ~r111llt1JN 20-40 lfU~llJVl1 Illllilllt1WifUIIU1l41fllllCl114lI fttJJt1tltlIJUlllflU6t1U1l1u1lWIl
II
6l t1lJl IJ IllvhN 11i I~11)iiUU1Iii U f166 t1ll lHri61~ IHIYi1llhfJH ril iiUinrIiill f1 lJl tlIfitI 11 llJ
w ~ ~_ ~~I i w1lf)lJtlII~lJ~UUrllJ1lIDIJ~ Ii6ill6~fl1 11IUUIIllt1lJtltlll1t)lJ ~1 ~4mlJl UfI11i1f1lIUil1
lJfi~tl Illi 1 litfi1H1Ii lif~ iJUU-iliJ1~lJmli4~tlYl11J1I~f11llJ1I1t111llJJum T4iJfl II~mJflU 1-Nmt iI bull
Ufl muIf)1I1t111ljll 1tl~1JIlUiJfttl1t11flll J1fltiWUtili1iJI~rl1lJ111111 lt] tlt1f1f~1~Uin~ihfl~6t1 II JI
fl1~t1 lJ 1 H Ii l1il~ J 1fltiuUUlh~fl1I1U 1l ~Ul 111 Illt1N1lt1l1 VI ill1lfi4VllJ11UUI~h1141lin4iYU
~11l1t1 14 gt11
bull bull bull
14
I lt14 d ltaJ jI d ff1UlyenllUJ1JllUTWUfl1HW 158plusmn17 f11nmll ml11f111~f11~ilfJ~tmW 433plusmn2A 1lfUillllil~ Wl111Vl1
m~ilfJ~m~J 469plusmn15 llfU~tuil~ UlivtUlj1Ht 8 ijlFl 14 tilInFlTm~tli 571 lltlfo1u~ ii
~Ii~1U1U 83 vlfJ~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jm~U lOAplusmn43 vlfJ~I1llnJlfil~tltl1111illijUti lyenlff~ihilWiJfl~~J
lIUiiilJl lllffiilJlhhl1ilFl~liu 15Ot17 filnflill ml11f1~mmiltl~mli1J 431plusmn21 lf1J~llJil~
mllJm1m~ilfJ~m~1J 466plusmn19 IfUlIllJII1 llliwUim11i 6 ) IllFl 14 11 tiil~1f11111~H 429
lltlflltUli mli~1U1U 53 vltl~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jIil~1J 88plusmn29 vltl~I1tlltl 8ilnFl1~VlFlllUIi1tm~8nFl1gt 9 ~ W 1 wi0ltlilllJ ~f111tfllJ~Fl1JmlW 458 lfl~ 415 1JtllllfU9l 1l1lJ1IlillJ Ui1iH U1lln~Il I IfI~ 2
lt lti j0
IV V I Illr I II t ~ ~IV M ~ IV I o1i d JJ 2 1l11Htl1 UlllUn frlmn114 m~fi11~lJnm~~J~IJJ~WJUtlWU~ lI1~1mml111 Il ~lU1U lJUll~J1l11m~1lf1lIUil1IJJ~9111nIJllUlI~VII11tl1111t1
1ltV1111111lllJlllmUJ
~ ~
W3WUi UJWUi UltIUI1 fI~l~ ~1l 1l111un fI~l~ 61l l1~~Ii 11ufi3ull ~lU1U llmiluii1 tmllfl 1u~1Ju1J 1~lJLlf1 ~lUll
(l1fl) (lIlJ) (Ji1l) (11fl) (lIlJ) (Jill) ~l1~1i Ii (WtH) (iil) () ~llfl (1u) ll1ii3nl~
iluiil (iil)
90 348 370 170 451 485 1112141 15 10 667 191342 98 10
84 340 370 155 425 460 II 1312141 5 5 1000 201342 97 5
54 292 316 158 428 464 22112141 9 4 444 28342 96 4
40 272 300 160 440 465 II 22112141 7 0 0
42 284 300 160 445 475 X ~
50 300 320 165 446 482 II 2411241 10 2 200 28342 94 2 (J1
70 338 364 132 390 444 X
52 308 328 145 420 463 X
62 316 346 140 392 468 X
54 294 320 202 484 505 II 3012141 18 10 555 21442 93 10
62 320 368 146 422 457 X
86 330 389 162 439 470 II 61142 8 0 0
72 320 361 150 430 450 X
54 301 324 164 450 475 121142 11 7 636 10442 88 7
62plusmn16 31plusmn23 341plusmn29 158plusmn7 433plusmn24 469plusmnJ5 lOAplusmn43 458 943plusmn36
1llJ 8 iil 83 wtH 38ii1 38 iil
c ~ ~
1ij1i1N 2 Jli1iln mllJf1~N Uflm1lJU11m~~ll~lJll~rlmlJI1lJi Jb~nfl1f1U1Ni~~llJ1lJ~Itfl69111f111V1ntlllJ~1IJ1l111mU~lJdl~~Miu1~middotm 1llHlJbJn~1J1miJlJfl
~ ~ Il~IlU~ ttlll1Ull
bull11lH1Jn n~l~ nll Jnnlfl 111~ ~ll 11~H 1u1~U1J ~U1U YlnJilu~1 iJil1JQf1 1UI~U1J jtJn~l ~U1U
(1m) (Ill) (lflJ) (lflJ) (lflJ) ~H1~ l~ (IN) (~1) () ~Ylf1 (1U) 1i~lJ16~
lriU111 (~1)
90 358 380 164 432 469 91214 7 2 286 1813142 99 2
76 326 354 122 390 441 x 73 324 355 160 453 490 13112141 6 4 667 201342 97 4
46 283 300 170 445 475 18112141 11 5 455 2313142 95 5
46 280 308 170 458 497 25112141 10 5 500 2913142 94 5 ~
50 300 320 144 417 445 x 70 328 370 142 44S 475 x 62 314 350 172 440 488 211142 13 6 462 114142 89 6
54 301 330 130 410 453 X
50 296 304 156 446 460 X
67 320 352 164 420 455 911142 6 o o o ~
66 325 366 132 404 442 x 74 320 360 144 434 449 X
66 299 367 130 450 480 X
64plusmn13 313plusmn20 344plusmn26 IS0plusmn17 43lplusmn2i 466plusmn19 S8plusmn29 41S 948plusmn38
11lJ 6111 5314H 22)l 22)1
bull bull
bull bullbull
17
mliWl1llJ1N1j~~W1IJVi 9 iIJ11fllJ 2541 ~lJg~1IJVi 12 lJml1llJ 2542 1j1~1ltn1J
~IJ 1lfl1J11iI lb flIJ ltfllWJ flyj ~H ffll11fllilUj l~flUWiilllJ1flgflfl hlifhJf11jlJ1~11iijllflMru tniSlJlfl
fl111liillWlfllgflflh 1jdlfl IJ~flfl1~VIflmHVi 1 1m 2 IIlJlf)11illltnlflliIlV 529plusmn36 flilJ fl11lJ
fl1HmgJ 4QplusmnO1 l1IJilllJltfll fl11lJtJ11mgu 66plusmnO11l1IJilllJltfl1 1lJll11iflli~V 524plusmn21 flllJ fl1111
fl1l~Ii~V 40plusmnO1 1l1IJ~lJfll ml11Ul1m~1J 67plusmn01 l1IJ~lJltfl1lI1lJ-i1~U lJtjVJflyjl)~IlZiJyjl)~ 1)1f11ft1lI)IJI)~UIllJI)~lI1f11fl1vlIJ1lllltlilJl1~ rll)~~ iJli1mru 24 ~i1l~ IIMll1f11Il1VlJIl~~W1 IflfllIJ ~ timiii~i1rll)IJ ~iUfl11IlfflJvflilflfl1Jllifhlflj liitnl1lJliwliatlfl jiflJ qUl11~1IJh~lgfl
ltlJ jll11 hjlt~~~1fhIJlifl~~~(raquo1gfllI)fJilui11~lJtiI)WflliltJli1~1IVIl)fl iIJ Ilflfl1JVIfllltN~ 1
mjl~h liVlmlTll1IJ 2 UU 1IJ~flfl11V1fl1ll~~ 2 UUIWlUYlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 UU 1IJllflfl11V1flIHI~~ 1 Uti11i1 tiYlfl~TIl1IJ 2uU 1IJ~flfl11V1flntNVi 2 util~huVlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 uti Illl11iflllI)~HI~l (y) Vi)~1f1fl11
1Hjlll~til1IJili~ 2 lflfl11V101ntl~ ~11l1IJ 14 mi 5111 136 vltN il111111fflJI1mlilllJltflHfltlthmXfI
4 ltl 2 i _I dIJl~llJIIW1j (x) 0l1lJfflJfl11fltJ y = L8773x+21682 R = 06008 IIffVil~ lJllJrl 7 unOll1HVI 34
80
60 ~ ~ -~ c 40
r y ~ 1amp113x + 2l682
~i 20 R =06008
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IllH IlmhlIJl(nn)
ltili 7 fl11lJUlJI1m11wiwihmrfl Ii I~ lflIJIllt11ifllUMlJtlfil11ltJ~hHlJfl
ltC lt
I ll
(11m~J 3 U11~1lit~mftUU1~lm~lliwml)0illO1li U)~Ull~uiYil1l1ft)~~J~~w~mmlll~lJ1nlJU~ tllq 1 1U
~ UlJI1tl1j 1li1~1 f1l1ll1
bullbull ~ bullbull ~ bullbull ~ tllWWO O~H em Ul11Ufl O~l~ 1111 IllllUfl fl1H fin
(00) ( lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ)
170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
OJ
164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
IllftfJ 167plusmn15 445plusmn18 476plusmn15 529plusmn36 40plusmn01 66plusmn01 308plusmn32 49+02 53+02
~
eo ~
bull JO
mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
~ UlJWWl i~~l )111911bull
~bull bullbull bull~
Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
iliVJft
48+02
1liVJft
5lplusmnO3
co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
~lU1llilh (y) ~i~mf1fl1j1Nl~IJJ~1iilfli~ 2 l~flWIlIltJ~ tllflUlli91l 14 u1i bull
11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
()
E
20
~ ~ gt ~
i ~
15
10
5
0
y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
~tlll 8 f11111fflJilJlhI1h~hlJ1U 1lil~ ltiull1In1flu1iilJ (WiTiltlftlJl1l1l
jmlhi1flVJfl~lflllii~I~1lJil18 jjUlfllJ 10 lJlIlJlJ 2542 l~lmiddotn 88-99 llJ iI Q A IV ltI Iq
flrulUl1l 268-318 J~flWllmlflff f1111lIJUirlJIfIl1l 802-903 I1JVWlIlJllI (911jl~Il 5)
~ln~1l5 Jml1tliJIIv~IlnJ (Oe) lif111lJnfl 30 lIil~llJ91j 1l1lf1111JiilJirlJill1i() ilJUJYiflill~l ~
I J tV ~ lVitll llml1JlJ
~
(0C) f111lJlfIJ 1JIlllll()
Iifl 268 903
lJfl 282 830
fl Il 305 850 d
1111 306 802
Ill 318 894
llUlI) 296 plusmn20 856 plusmn43
bull bull bull
21
I II Q 4s T r t II I gt1 ~I ltltftill fl1WVIl~lJtJ~ IJUIltYtlHlllVWWVlfllJ1lgiraquo1Hm~tHVIl~HffjVI 3 Ill 4 UlJ1tl1 5-10 1W tJIi~~UI11Jtl tmt1lJOWllTI111 ~f1~hiiWf1~U~1imJ ] mi1IlltliMHhllgtlll ~luwifii~uj
(keel) gt~ll~uU11tf~ iltllim~l~mitlFluulfliim~llHn~uNuIll~lJ mIll~U~nmmiii bull
ll1vihllllltjjlJ~lU1U 3 ItfJU f1lUU1flllHraquoltl~ IllfJU tU11l1l ]ll 1 UfJU Ul1Im1l6l~WllUii laquo4 I I 013 II d II d d QIe l d J 1n14 d ll~1~fl11ll1Uraquo1ltltl flUl IJ tltlUUI1ltllJ1lJ VItHllUl1f1llJ U1HUltmmHU il1tl1tHUl tltlllUU t lJlItflltlgt
t~ml1l(J HlllJl11J-lJlm 08 tlfU9IllJl1Ii
I bull ltII II dl II ltto laquo4 At ltII d ~ fl1111 ill fllJllt Ill fill 1j Il VI1ltlJ I111 Vll M 1 l ttY j lJ 1i111lJ Ul lJ IIU 111 llH II IlLUltl1l
ltV v d ltr d 3R8plusmn32 flilJ fl11lJfl11lm1l6tUltlIJ 49plusmnO2 llUl1ItlJIl Ull1J11lJIJ11mI1lltUlllJ 53plusmnO2
bull tI bull
1IfW~tlJi1Ij 1i1WI1VitnJl~1(J61H1i littYllJ1i111iiugiiIJU 11llllMtlflIIInJ 281plusmn26 fl~lJ f111lJfl ~H d lo cl ltV
milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
Itlv191W~hl 2 1gt1fl1HlltlltH 1i1WU1Htlfllfll~h (y) ~lU1W 60 ii iUU111tlflIJtHluJ~h (x) iiflllJ
~ ~ ~ 2 i oJlllJflUfiIgt1ltYlJflli y= L5452x+40918 R = 05058 ttY U~lJ1l9
40
35
30 TI S 25 rsect c 20 j 15
F 10
5
0
0
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bull q ~ t q gt ~ q ~ 1 =~ ~ltl1t1t1llVlJ1fl IUlliilJII1ll I1l~llltl1 Itlllll~lI~ 1fl~~qtyVltl1j Itliltl1fllll IIl1 IVl iiltl1llllU
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23
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bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
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~ ~ VIq~fl1j lJmHlfflJI1tJ1j
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bull bull
24
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25
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1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
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flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
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~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
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8
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IJWll Igflfl11ll1In tJI15~n5fljjtllSft~11J2tl1lill11WIiIl IJfl11 IIl1l10J ) Idflll11 alJ fl1l Illlln tJ 1Il1l~~ Ild1W1Jil~t)JViWiilllfllJff1WI151m1I1l1~1W1U 3 Ill] ~Hfllt111 I 1IflIJ tY1W-iHm91IHltlil1lt1 1
UflIJ Ua~lJIlIJm~1l1illlmJ9I1lJlIW11A1IJ1l1m~1l11I1mllIJaflSlJlrlJI1tJJmJafh flllJ11fli1I1l1l
I IV (4 wlOI t ltV 44 IV I d ~ )8IlJ ~ IJ 1 tl N1flIll W1jlJW tW~1tJ tl1WI11lJ1flflJlJlI011 lt1fllltll UUnlJm1 lfflIJ1Utlfltl Il tI tllm fl lt11 IflO1
vi-i~Iilti thlll1nfls11 I11~6U tI11flhllllllilv tI~i11I111~1l11imheJfil] Ifltll111mflfl11IlIliltJ
bull UHtlnl11t1IWflIHtIm~1J1-i iJIJ ff1t1Illlln ~mO1Il1Mlti1fhl114hlifllWfltl1l1nl11t1 lli~ i1iiihh
$I S4 I _~ ~ dV I I Iq 1lt5 bull ~1Cl I11l1-r 11 lJ IIHU ll1l1U IlllflmIJ NU Ilflllt1fltlIltJ m fI 1l1191ClIIHIJ tlJlJl11f1l11t1UtlflIlHtI mftll1
~ihlItlI1jjlltlhlJtlmh~tnfiti IlllliltJ~)j1~iiIJtllA 111qJfl11tllll~ mi~ lA11l1flfli1 ~flihu
IIIltYtlfl11 iiiYJ111~~1U1tltllIlG ff1UI111gmfti ~tJt1mwh~l~jlJti1lJfi1J IflUI11~IilltJflill1lff
~ tlft~1t11tl~ 3 Itll 4
(nuchal shield) (gular shield)
mIIt)~U1I11I11IJ111111
(hurneralshield)
(in~inalshield)
(pectoral shield)
(axillary shield)
m~fl~lhufia~ (abdominal shield)
n~~elU1tuUltt6~
(remeral shield)
m~IINri1u~u (anal shield)
11
IHlil ~ III1~ v
ltl1i 4 iTn~~UlliltlIII1il~Ill~ilJW1lu~mYU III1~IINiiJW1iltllmlioll
12
123 fl11lJnlJWjn1Wi1~fl11lJfr)1~mfIHUtlI1111rfl f111lJVl1mflU~IUI1111rfl
lhtl1JillJL1l~lmlllfl~ihfl11rf111rmil~V 63plusmn14 fntlflflJ mllJfl1l~mOlU~ l11~tJ 312plusmn211lfUilll1fl~ fl1111Vl1fll~J~il~V 343plusmn261lfU~lJfl1 f111mYlJl~Un111h~fI11lJfl11~ m~U~UtlI11lfrflUtl~IltlilJi CW = 14226W+2216 R2 = 07295 l1lf11111fflJiun~wh~
fI11lJll1mf1~NUllUl11rflU1l~Iluiui CL = 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 lfffl~1lJ~tlVl 5
CL= 16962W 23474
R ~ 06247
60
50
40
30
~ 20 CW = 14226W 2216iij
RZ = 0729510
o
0 5 10 15 20 llnninlltnI i(nn
IILWmJJviiUl11rflmnV 154plusmn17 1111lflflJ f111lJfl11~mOlU~illlJ 432plusmn22
lIIUilLlJfl~ fI11lJV11mf1U~III~V 467plusmn17 IIU~lJfl~ tl11lJnlJiu1i~11h~fI11lJfl1NmOltHUll h1rflUNlli~ui CW = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 1I11mllJfflJiut1111h~f111lJVl1
w w 2 q _-ltmOllNUllUl11UflUNlllJIIUlj CL = 07377W+35368 R = 05489 lffOl~ Ullll16
ON 07377x +3536860
R~ 05489
- 50 ~8 ~ 40 ~
~
30 ~
05974 c 20 ~ 10
0
250 5 10 15 20
13
Vlqiim11J f) 11 Nifllfil-liU1lf) 1 n1~ Ii
I AS ~ d ltV j-v a I~ 11l1et~I-I nm Il I~~
d ll1tJ NifllVll-l Ij f)I-I Il~ f) 11H11-1U1l ~ f) 1114111-1 j If114IHJUIImfllJ
d fH
ijI-Iiii61-1nl-l11f1ll1~tJNiflJfiWifiu1uU1limiddotmllJU1i1f) 30-40 l1WiilllW lY1IVli~11tJ11n1-6lJ lt] 1i1 -= _I I 0 q I l ltV J 0 aI I IVli1llJIJHcrlUl1lJlf)VlWI-I 11fflVlillltJ lJNfl1461lf1 1l111111lJf) 1~64IJH1I1~1U1lmII64if11-1 f)UlJ6~ a~1 $ ~ li i w1
l~lVlIflJlJ ll1111lJlJll 30 U11lil4IJI-IfI6lJIVlIflJlI lIIJlIH 4 IINfllf)jilIHtI1I~IJHIII1VlIfIJJII
HlIlHy1 2 ltilmllJ~lJalJ f)j11 a4~l1-1r11l164IVllfliiIJUt11~I6f)IIlJ1ntll1hm16IJ64~mw ff11-1111i iii ~ bull
lilIJ611iJ 4 i 1-1 U 1 Hlti4 ~ 1mlIUllIf~ifV gt111 1l 11JH NIy 1 MH NIVllflilmYi JifJ~611J1ltilNiflJW inULVli
MA ltv d f t 11 ltQ
IlJlJ IlJJ if61lJ11J1lI1ifl-ll1INIllVlIflJJJ~1I1lJ1tl1 5middot10 W1Yl ~lf)I-I WVl1lVll-lllL1lUlJVlUIj If 1-1
tI lti4lti11f 1flW 1M~J111 VliV4i16~iiillnl-l J1111 lJltl1 5 mli4UIJt11l6t1i)1 t1nU61tl1i1~ii timltll111 W vi1lltlJ1l4111l II 1111-11I1l1JUNf) ~14 fit 1 tJ~iilllcenthIi1mh4lI64J1Jil~4~ t1 lt] Jggt1H
bull JJ
t1m4 2 ~4 VllJ11i1Ul~1l iflll1~1-1 IIf1lJJf)lJl il1f)ff11-11JIf ti~ilt1NfflJI-lifil-llff~ il )rtJ1Vli9i1~H ljgt1
66t1 ~lfla1111 IVl If~uiJ IJ fft1 fIi4If gt1lhjh I1I6yi1-1 li64IJ1l41hl-lt1 NIH iJ6W~lJ lI W 111IJJ 461tJ1tf1f
JI w dr dIJ11111lJltll 5-8 ll1UIlUlJm t11NlhlJ1tl1 8-10 ll1UllllJ~1 t11141)1f)NiflJIIW~1gt11111j1llJtIiJlf)lJI-I1 ~ ~ w d ~w w ltI d J w ltlw
llfU nmet I-IIVl6Nilllt1lJ IIJ UllIAll 11l1lJfll1NiflJVll-lljU1lt1lJU11l1lIJUr11iJ IlJNiflJIil-lljf1tMllllii
iQ J w ~ w ltI aK 1 bull 9 ~ ~~6f) If 1t1ill1t11 IfIjV4illtHfl1~NfflJVlUlj1lmllJt~1 ~f11ll1-11UlJU blJ6~lJW111ftVlnJVl1 ~ t1 111 1111 IlJ
ff1lJ11(lNfflJU~fltUutifi11 yj1lui~U4H1Ltiuihhlll-l~V4hll~flJfl11NiflJuili41lNfflJ lui1l111
a III I~I i1 4t OJ dl fit ai~1 I 1 ti d
H lti4 ~ 1fl1ltili 1 I IiflJt111IlUlJuill~ lJltll 1 1~1)lj Utili 11~lJ~UlJ1dn 1~11lilll11J 11flH 111H114114 I lIu 1 lJltll gt11-1 1gt16 W litl11f1lJ fl4ll m 1 rllJ1JI-I l14Yl H tI H Ijll illf) IlJ 1ft 111lllJfl1111 Yl 1J
111111t11 gt1 Vlnetui1i114 I Ii mit~11lfI llltljtllJl11~1 lilJUH 1ft Yl11t11U~UVi lllfl1iR1luolNWI-IU1l
v bullbull bull
1~lJlJff4lJ t~II9imn 2100 bull 0400 1-1 li1~IlIUq~I1i~1114 Iili14IilU4IViJ4IliU 1~lii1ltl1l1tJql11~Ii 1U11il11411il1n4iitl4flW lii6111hi1ii6f)~~114Ili1~UtJ1-11IJ111 n411~ 2 ~-NI~~tIIltJillfl111~lU
t1lti4 iimjtllfffiJ1~f)1llJl1N~1t1lh9i1111lJ11ll 3-5 LlJill m1lliit11l6~HllJlIlJlll 3060 1l11-~llJm ~ ~ ~J l ~ 1 I 1 ~r111llt1JN 20-40 lfU~llJVl1 Illllilllt1WifUIIU1l41fllllCl114lI fttJJt1tltlIJUlllflU6t1U1l1u1lWIl
II
6l t1lJl IJ IllvhN 11i I~11)iiUU1Iii U f166 t1ll lHri61~ IHIYi1llhfJH ril iiUinrIiill f1 lJl tlIfitI 11 llJ
w ~ ~_ ~~I i w1lf)lJtlII~lJ~UUrllJ1lIDIJ~ Ii6ill6~fl1 11IUUIIllt1lJtltlll1t)lJ ~1 ~4mlJl UfI11i1f1lIUil1
lJfi~tl Illi 1 litfi1H1Ii lif~ iJUU-iliJ1~lJmli4~tlYl11J1I~f11llJ1I1t111llJJum T4iJfl II~mJflU 1-Nmt iI bull
Ufl muIf)1I1t111ljll 1tl~1JIlUiJfttl1t11flll J1fltiWUtili1iJI~rl1lJ111111 lt] tlt1f1f~1~Uin~ihfl~6t1 II JI
fl1~t1 lJ 1 H Ii l1il~ J 1fltiuUUlh~fl1I1U 1l ~Ul 111 Illt1N1lt1l1 VI ill1lfi4VllJ11UUI~h1141lin4iYU
~11l1t1 14 gt11
bull bull bull
14
I lt14 d ltaJ jI d ff1UlyenllUJ1JllUTWUfl1HW 158plusmn17 f11nmll ml11f111~f11~ilfJ~tmW 433plusmn2A 1lfUillllil~ Wl111Vl1
m~ilfJ~m~J 469plusmn15 llfU~tuil~ UlivtUlj1Ht 8 ijlFl 14 tilInFlTm~tli 571 lltlfo1u~ ii
~Ii~1U1U 83 vlfJ~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jm~U lOAplusmn43 vlfJ~I1llnJlfil~tltl1111illijUti lyenlff~ihilWiJfl~~J
lIUiiilJl lllffiilJlhhl1ilFl~liu 15Ot17 filnflill ml11f1~mmiltl~mli1J 431plusmn21 lf1J~llJil~
mllJm1m~ilfJ~m~1J 466plusmn19 IfUlIllJII1 llliwUim11i 6 ) IllFl 14 11 tiil~1f11111~H 429
lltlflltUli mli~1U1U 53 vltl~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jIil~1J 88plusmn29 vltl~I1tlltl 8ilnFl1~VlFlllUIi1tm~8nFl1gt 9 ~ W 1 wi0ltlilllJ ~f111tfllJ~Fl1JmlW 458 lfl~ 415 1JtllllfU9l 1l1lJ1IlillJ Ui1iH U1lln~Il I IfI~ 2
lt lti j0
IV V I Illr I II t ~ ~IV M ~ IV I o1i d JJ 2 1l11Htl1 UlllUn frlmn114 m~fi11~lJnm~~J~IJJ~WJUtlWU~ lI1~1mml111 Il ~lU1U lJUll~J1l11m~1lf1lIUil1IJJ~9111nIJllUlI~VII11tl1111t1
1ltV1111111lllJlllmUJ
~ ~
W3WUi UJWUi UltIUI1 fI~l~ ~1l 1l111un fI~l~ 61l l1~~Ii 11ufi3ull ~lU1U llmiluii1 tmllfl 1u~1Ju1J 1~lJLlf1 ~lUll
(l1fl) (lIlJ) (Ji1l) (11fl) (lIlJ) (Jill) ~l1~1i Ii (WtH) (iil) () ~llfl (1u) ll1ii3nl~
iluiil (iil)
90 348 370 170 451 485 1112141 15 10 667 191342 98 10
84 340 370 155 425 460 II 1312141 5 5 1000 201342 97 5
54 292 316 158 428 464 22112141 9 4 444 28342 96 4
40 272 300 160 440 465 II 22112141 7 0 0
42 284 300 160 445 475 X ~
50 300 320 165 446 482 II 2411241 10 2 200 28342 94 2 (J1
70 338 364 132 390 444 X
52 308 328 145 420 463 X
62 316 346 140 392 468 X
54 294 320 202 484 505 II 3012141 18 10 555 21442 93 10
62 320 368 146 422 457 X
86 330 389 162 439 470 II 61142 8 0 0
72 320 361 150 430 450 X
54 301 324 164 450 475 121142 11 7 636 10442 88 7
62plusmn16 31plusmn23 341plusmn29 158plusmn7 433plusmn24 469plusmnJ5 lOAplusmn43 458 943plusmn36
1llJ 8 iil 83 wtH 38ii1 38 iil
c ~ ~
1ij1i1N 2 Jli1iln mllJf1~N Uflm1lJU11m~~ll~lJll~rlmlJI1lJi Jb~nfl1f1U1Ni~~llJ1lJ~Itfl69111f111V1ntlllJ~1IJ1l111mU~lJdl~~Miu1~middotm 1llHlJbJn~1J1miJlJfl
~ ~ Il~IlU~ ttlll1Ull
bull11lH1Jn n~l~ nll Jnnlfl 111~ ~ll 11~H 1u1~U1J ~U1U YlnJilu~1 iJil1JQf1 1UI~U1J jtJn~l ~U1U
(1m) (Ill) (lflJ) (lflJ) (lflJ) ~H1~ l~ (IN) (~1) () ~Ylf1 (1U) 1i~lJ16~
lriU111 (~1)
90 358 380 164 432 469 91214 7 2 286 1813142 99 2
76 326 354 122 390 441 x 73 324 355 160 453 490 13112141 6 4 667 201342 97 4
46 283 300 170 445 475 18112141 11 5 455 2313142 95 5
46 280 308 170 458 497 25112141 10 5 500 2913142 94 5 ~
50 300 320 144 417 445 x 70 328 370 142 44S 475 x 62 314 350 172 440 488 211142 13 6 462 114142 89 6
54 301 330 130 410 453 X
50 296 304 156 446 460 X
67 320 352 164 420 455 911142 6 o o o ~
66 325 366 132 404 442 x 74 320 360 144 434 449 X
66 299 367 130 450 480 X
64plusmn13 313plusmn20 344plusmn26 IS0plusmn17 43lplusmn2i 466plusmn19 S8plusmn29 41S 948plusmn38
11lJ 6111 5314H 22)l 22)1
bull bull
bull bullbull
17
mliWl1llJ1N1j~~W1IJVi 9 iIJ11fllJ 2541 ~lJg~1IJVi 12 lJml1llJ 2542 1j1~1ltn1J
~IJ 1lfl1J11iI lb flIJ ltfllWJ flyj ~H ffll11fllilUj l~flUWiilllJ1flgflfl hlifhJf11jlJ1~11iijllflMru tniSlJlfl
fl111liillWlfllgflflh 1jdlfl IJ~flfl1~VIflmHVi 1 1m 2 IIlJlf)11illltnlflliIlV 529plusmn36 flilJ fl11lJ
fl1HmgJ 4QplusmnO1 l1IJilllJltfll fl11lJtJ11mgu 66plusmnO11l1IJilllJltfl1 1lJll11iflli~V 524plusmn21 flllJ fl1111
fl1l~Ii~V 40plusmnO1 1l1IJ~lJfll ml11Ul1m~1J 67plusmn01 l1IJ~lJltfl1lI1lJ-i1~U lJtjVJflyjl)~IlZiJyjl)~ 1)1f11ft1lI)IJI)~UIllJI)~lI1f11fl1vlIJ1lllltlilJl1~ rll)~~ iJli1mru 24 ~i1l~ IIMll1f11Il1VlJIl~~W1 IflfllIJ ~ timiii~i1rll)IJ ~iUfl11IlfflJvflilflfl1Jllifhlflj liitnl1lJliwliatlfl jiflJ qUl11~1IJh~lgfl
ltlJ jll11 hjlt~~~1fhIJlifl~~~(raquo1gfllI)fJilui11~lJtiI)WflliltJli1~1IVIl)fl iIJ Ilflfl1JVIfllltN~ 1
mjl~h liVlmlTll1IJ 2 UU 1IJ~flfl11V1fl1ll~~ 2 UUIWlUYlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 UU 1IJllflfl11V1flIHI~~ 1 Uti11i1 tiYlfl~TIl1IJ 2uU 1IJ~flfl11V1flntNVi 2 util~huVlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 uti Illl11iflllI)~HI~l (y) Vi)~1f1fl11
1Hjlll~til1IJili~ 2 lflfl11V101ntl~ ~11l1IJ 14 mi 5111 136 vltN il111111fflJI1mlilllJltflHfltlthmXfI
4 ltl 2 i _I dIJl~llJIIW1j (x) 0l1lJfflJfl11fltJ y = L8773x+21682 R = 06008 IIffVil~ lJllJrl 7 unOll1HVI 34
80
60 ~ ~ -~ c 40
r y ~ 1amp113x + 2l682
~i 20 R =06008
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IllH IlmhlIJl(nn)
ltili 7 fl11lJUlJI1m11wiwihmrfl Ii I~ lflIJIllt11ifllUMlJtlfil11ltJ~hHlJfl
ltC lt
I ll
(11m~J 3 U11~1lit~mftUU1~lm~lliwml)0illO1li U)~Ull~uiYil1l1ft)~~J~~w~mmlll~lJ1nlJU~ tllq 1 1U
~ UlJI1tl1j 1li1~1 f1l1ll1
bullbull ~ bullbull ~ bullbull ~ tllWWO O~H em Ul11Ufl O~l~ 1111 IllllUfl fl1H fin
(00) ( lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ)
170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
OJ
164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
IllftfJ 167plusmn15 445plusmn18 476plusmn15 529plusmn36 40plusmn01 66plusmn01 308plusmn32 49+02 53+02
~
eo ~
bull JO
mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
~ UlJWWl i~~l )111911bull
~bull bullbull bull~
Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
iliVJft
48+02
1liVJft
5lplusmnO3
co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
~lU1llilh (y) ~i~mf1fl1j1Nl~IJJ~1iilfli~ 2 l~flWIlIltJ~ tllflUlli91l 14 u1i bull
11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
()
E
20
~ ~ gt ~
i ~
15
10
5
0
y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
~tlll 8 f11111fflJilJlhI1h~hlJ1U 1lil~ ltiull1In1flu1iilJ (WiTiltlftlJl1l1l
jmlhi1flVJfl~lflllii~I~1lJil18 jjUlfllJ 10 lJlIlJlJ 2542 l~lmiddotn 88-99 llJ iI Q A IV ltI Iq
flrulUl1l 268-318 J~flWllmlflff f1111lIJUirlJIfIl1l 802-903 I1JVWlIlJllI (911jl~Il 5)
~ln~1l5 Jml1tliJIIv~IlnJ (Oe) lif111lJnfl 30 lIil~llJ91j 1l1lf1111JiilJirlJill1i() ilJUJYiflill~l ~
I J tV ~ lVitll llml1JlJ
~
(0C) f111lJlfIJ 1JIlllll()
Iifl 268 903
lJfl 282 830
fl Il 305 850 d
1111 306 802
Ill 318 894
llUlI) 296 plusmn20 856 plusmn43
bull bull bull
21
I II Q 4s T r t II I gt1 ~I ltltftill fl1WVIl~lJtJ~ IJUIltYtlHlllVWWVlfllJ1lgiraquo1Hm~tHVIl~HffjVI 3 Ill 4 UlJ1tl1 5-10 1W tJIi~~UI11Jtl tmt1lJOWllTI111 ~f1~hiiWf1~U~1imJ ] mi1IlltliMHhllgtlll ~luwifii~uj
(keel) gt~ll~uU11tf~ iltllim~l~mitlFluulfliim~llHn~uNuIll~lJ mIll~U~nmmiii bull
ll1vihllllltjjlJ~lU1U 3 ItfJU f1lUU1flllHraquoltl~ IllfJU tU11l1l ]ll 1 UfJU Ul1Im1l6l~WllUii laquo4 I I 013 II d II d d QIe l d J 1n14 d ll~1~fl11ll1Uraquo1ltltl flUl IJ tltlUUI1ltllJ1lJ VItHllUl1f1llJ U1HUltmmHU il1tl1tHUl tltlllUU t lJlItflltlgt
t~ml1l(J HlllJl11J-lJlm 08 tlfU9IllJl1Ii
I bull ltII II dl II ltto laquo4 At ltII d ~ fl1111 ill fllJllt Ill fill 1j Il VI1ltlJ I111 Vll M 1 l ttY j lJ 1i111lJ Ul lJ IIU 111 llH II IlLUltl1l
ltV v d ltr d 3R8plusmn32 flilJ fl11lJfl11lm1l6tUltlIJ 49plusmnO2 llUl1ItlJIl Ull1J11lJIJ11mI1lltUlllJ 53plusmnO2
bull tI bull
1IfW~tlJi1Ij 1i1WI1VitnJl~1(J61H1i littYllJ1i111iiugiiIJU 11llllMtlflIIInJ 281plusmn26 fl~lJ f111lJfl ~H d lo cl ltV
milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
Itlv191W~hl 2 1gt1fl1HlltlltH 1i1WU1Htlfllfll~h (y) ~lU1W 60 ii iUU111tlflIJtHluJ~h (x) iiflllJ
~ ~ ~ 2 i oJlllJflUfiIgt1ltYlJflli y= L5452x+40918 R = 05058 ttY U~lJ1l9
40
35
30 TI S 25 rsect c 20 j 15
F 10
5
0
0
rbull y~ LS4S2+40918
R~ OSOSS 6
255 15 201deg - m ~ U1~lifitU 11 (nn)
22
_I 11 1 Iflln1J1UHu1~fl11U0~lm1l11J11IUlu~
- r QJ r
1l [)tll6~61flU1l~m~IVlim~illl bull bull Sf
ntlVi6gmffl1II11l1U~tl1l~01ffJil~lJ1mlllhfd6UlhfUUhhl1l~hiT~Il1l6~lI~S VllJ
1J~1ruthtllti~IJ6~lhflll6~Viihiliif)i1f)Wru~U11tl ihmmJflJlJ lftl ~UlJiii6 illfl t1113 l1lJlIlI~ f bulllfl~flH )j61J61ffl6~ltlU1llllJYltI~6~U lUlId1UU11m~lJflIJtllJ1111Vl~lJtlrll1h 1161JntJ~mlll ~Vi
~I d ~ I ok d de x l q IIGI
lIlllJIJ1 Im~f)tl1JlI1IJln~mf) IJ~ 11ilfJ l 1mllUl~mfnJtl 1 lJtllJ1lJtlVltJ~tlIilVl11l11llll~milfI~
1IgtIgtllIlI1tlqt1f1lll11~ lilll1Jtl1uVl1J11lmtlmlltnil~u lJ1~U 11 fl6~fl~il~timhwf)~ltltIlJ flf1~16fllt1f)WtUII6~)j1~ (2543) i1V~ltlhIll1ml9itldlfll1ltl1II1Vi61fffJ6yitlU1niillJ Umli~VllJhv
tl1~1lJ1ltlutiuliim~llllitlutlftUillffVilrJltlll1~fl ImNutaphand (1979) 11l~ltjhlllll11fJ 9i tl1l fl11 tltfll1Vi111l1fll flqtyWtl i fllfll1J1nru111fUuihu1l11ti~1lll6~U1iTflVi~fllt1f)W ru~1 flll1J
nh1lfl
mUVljmlfJIJ6~(lhll1l~lu1Jgtlltli~111gt1t1~lI Vl1JlUvn~ f1l16~lIJ ltllI~~ lit6~ ~ 1flflll6~ ll~ ~ djltlflll6~YiiiIJtl1ll 11t)) ii~tlU1j) lflij~111llgtl1~lIl1~i~111~WV1~tll~iimlllll11lJ1flflh
A d lt) a a lt) ~ I A 5ff 0 d 1lll6~6t1 1 VllJUVl1llllllJlIlI~ ll11JJlf1lItVl~m~llllJlIu1fltll tl6~1l1m1JtIllllJlIYI6~llflllm tI6fl
f1~6~fllJ11 IlU (2533) i 1l~1tlhtl Il ~1JtlVlU1II1l11l~ tll1JflVllJltVl1m iI1lllIflJ1l1tllJ11101IllflUl
_I ~I J I I d d d d I
f1M~Jl~~ lI~lJlf)tllf1l16~1Jlf)1Jl11 CJHl1JtJtIlIJ1l6lll6~f1l1lNlI~ illI~ l tlllll IVlJ~llfll1CJr~1l6~
bull q ~ t q gt ~ q ~ 1 =~ ~ltl1t1t1llVlJ1fl IUlliilJII1ll I1l~llltl1 Itlllll~lI~ 1fl~~qtyVltl1j Itliltl1fllll IIl1 IVl iiltl1llllU
y
(2525) ~d1nilWtl~1II1U1~ltlflll6~lI~~ 6Jl~ il tI~lI tl11Jl~mlmllJWtl~llli1lllU~tll1J~ 1~Ilftl
fltI f11i ~11II1llUlii11 tia 6 d~f1 Jl )~ Jl ~ 6l ~lii6~1J 1~1fl lJ I 101filla~ lI ~~~I1JUl11 ci~ 61flVIJ 6~ 11111 VI j1
)jij~ih lWtJ~I tlVluiiUtlOafl14YU lBffll11J iUlJ11tlfllit6IillIlilUfltl 611 1m1~lrii6 dtifl1l6~lI~
~lIll1I lf~1nm1lJ~61111111ilUtfll1~n61~iiU~~i1Jl1ll111lV~tll1l 1~1Il(t1ci6lm~~flll6~1l~Ih I riiilllJiiu~l1JIlfUflU
~ ~ J2 llflllruYIWlfllVIU1
~flllru~l111 bull
~1f) f111 VI fl 1l 6~VllJ1111i llll uliitll1l~ l1ltllIll1lh~fl fl1 ~ 6~ II~~ (terrapin)
IItl1llltltj) lt1f)llrul~lnlt)1111Nl~6fltl~lm~11l 11111Ulijl~lJ~ltl1tl 5 ~lJ ff1UlJ111lt1~ii 4 y
~lJ IVlflliifJIlJlJtJ1fl illqiViqflii1i111Ufl 202 fill1fl1lJ fI11lJfl~1~mflN 484 CJrtl~lJm m111U11
bull bull
bull bull
23
~llll1lltl~(Jl~hlllJflmHlJIJ(Jliiu1 ihrfllJmIhhJtiltJ lJlhtltlfl 17 il1tlflilJ fl11lJJl1mIlB~~6~ 58
lIlligtilJ~1 fl11lJm1m~B~mj~ 60 lIll~llJm fl1~1I6~l1a~lJilnlibull fl11lJll~fl~H1Vlfl
mllJl~fl~l~~ 11h~lllfl~ lmJ~lldJlI 9l11~lJ1JlllfllJliiUIl1111l1flhllff~ mi~ ~ ~ ~ P I~middot ~ middot1 1fl~~llltltI1ll1fl11llflrjn flll m1 fltllJfl111l1lJ I U m1I6~11n~mmll lJtlllllJnfl] IJUUNU m IlIH
~ P _f d ~ 131 ltjI d P 1 l I II 4
U (J UlJ lfl m lltH Ill U 1l6~jjfl ~ lJ UNll Vl6~l U66fllJlU 1~ll6fllI flU 61lliN 11 mIlB~UYIn W-IU IlJ lJmll y
lJfl Ulffnlltf1Ul1 1lJlhhnn tJlmmjlJU1lIJtJlfllJffll1ii6~61lU iJff1l 1li~11JlliUIllff~ tf1jJ111~I~fl (Vlt$ltu j1 4 1$1
jjUfl11llfl~ Yl11lJ1lIllfllmII(J~mNlJlIflIJ1l1ll1ll 3 llflIJ ~flltl1~ 1 UOIJ lY1UUl~mII1l~Ul~tl ~ 1 n -l1 lflIJ ltllU1lIJm1i16~lJllflIJltllJllU1 fl~U1l~mliljH 1il1l16IJ lJUUllillllflfl111VlflllW lllJflll1l1
lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
mIl(J~l1n~iiltl1lJrmilllthU111~~IWlJl1fl111l1flliitJ 1lJnh~1I1iwli6~rUthlJflUlfljJ111~lJlflflh bull
lllflllJfJ
11 tiII~flUthtlfl~lUlt1jlJ lt111~16flaflll mUltJ ~l1~ (2543) mi1111111~lJe~ lYi1lllfl~ 11 lvi111 lI11JUiJfllJ
IJUllilfJTlflil ii1flUI11~il1tYfl111lnillYI111e~i U 91111l1ti ~tleU1tJ m~111~lJ lflfl111YillllflliJlJ li~il~
lYlBlt1fl1fliUfl11NlYlJliili mllJfflJIiU11iHfl11lJfr)11mIIBltlUnlll11UflIJltJ~vl61iUi CW =
VI(J ~fffl1lJ I HUVIB~l[JIJllYlJ6flU il tl Bli1li~lH U fl1 fl6~lJtllJUIJ flllHU fl1 flltJ~rllll1 U
bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
IiUi cw = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 Utlfl11lJfflJlitJ1111lt1fl11lJ[Jl1m1i16~ltllill1t1fl
~ ~ VIq~fl1j lJmHlfflJI1tJ1j
YiltllfJ~U~~flfflJlitJiflU~~mm1Ultl~mmfiU j~I11HliieUlmfllJii~~Utieu
itJ11fllJ NfflJliuititJUJ1~jiiIJJliifl 300 lllU~lJ~j lYilI1fl~jUl~~ 4 -1i1~lmm~fHI1iltI IJ ll~1111llflljj fJ I~hnllJ~U~ IillllU lli1~ iJiifflJtlltJ U lt1I1lt1)e 11)11li fI fflJlitJiflU111fliilff IJ~ j IJfl1U 11 tl~ ~lflfllt1lJIiU(1111llflljjfJlI~IJJlI461~mfJ1UI~eNlYlJ flU1Ii Ulil11~1~fIJ fl1~NtlJliuin~I~IJJl 14e1~l1ti1~hiNfflJIiUifllJlYi1Vlfl~ fl lilIi1fllllUlIil~U1tJBdIJllUfll~m16~ titJ tilVlvleliUiHlt1lJ
J1Vfl tB~fltiltJ~fllJfiffiJJltlflm (2529) fl~11h11NtlJIiUiflU~1I1Hlii6UflUlJ1fJuii~KtJl~ltJU
bullbull bull
bull bull
24
VId1ulUfhj~tJ1Fl1f1fitJui11t1hmll~~JlJl11J ~1ullinlll 2100 - 0400 U1Wf11 Mti~~lmfutlljlllil1 flmUll~lh1I ~1U1111iii~~ulli 5-18 VItJ1 ~lflf11~VIllllfl11iiJulljVluiIIli11nJ9iUlnll~1tJtJ1M11ltfl
f111V1fllfl1~ 1 il-iJ91gt1f1111HIi 571111tl11oilU~ UIIdjjli~lU1U 83 WN ilfl1Ilillltl1~ 2 iiall~l fll1mW 429 11ltl11oiluli lll~ii~lU111Ii 53 VItl~ U1JlilijjjJlm1fl 470-588 flill fl11lJfl~H 38shy
42 llfU~lJ91 fl111Wl1 65-68 lfU~llJfll
l1fl1lWUtl1 Ii
fl1lW~ lilllilll1lJ91UI1lil1l1111IhtiuIllll flllVItH ffUl1fltlltJIinlll1lfttlf1 Ii ~1UU 111
~ d~ j dy UUfl1911ll1IJlllllJllllflf111 II1l1f)1 ~ fJ11J1I1fl1ltJJ
69111flU1lBtYUii1IllflllVlfl
Iillilll1tJ9iunilVlmnU~1~nll1 88-99111 ~tjwMSJil268-318 HfIlllfllllli1l1j IIll
11 Jj ~ _ ~ 1 ~ f 7 fl11lJlIU lt1 lJj VI I 802-903 1JtllllfUIII UlllllV1 ~lflUlJjU1jll1llJ1~nltllM1lflflllV1fllltlUl 1 1Ill
lflflllV1fllltl1~ 2 iiall11flllVlmlJulll 458 1Ill~ 415 l1Ifllollu1 1II1lJlh~lJ tUflflWllfllltl1~ 1 mj
I1li11llYlfl~1111U 2 all illflflllV1lllfl1~ 2 Illl9hiJJVlfl~lU1U 1 ull tl1~Iatl~~lflflllhililJli11fl 1fllJiJ1Iilfl11111ilm111hh~fllJ1$iilJfl11mVIlJm~ltlflu Jm~liiU1J1i1111lIl1flllliitJ 308plusmn32
flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
VIilllfl~ lliI~11tJ1MllVi1HllflllllVluilllilll11J~Ulnilli~ 2 WI iliiifllllitl6111llflllVlmnllIll1I1liVllli
WllllltJ~ 111l1l viii1J~~1IJfl lM11141flYlllfiflJt1I1lJIl ~~jj11ll1illJ6~lfl11 iiallll1 fl11 Vl fll1]lJ ~11fltllfltJ1
Qt teldQ
fllJtl1M 11 VIlJ 111l1lJllfl l~fl11
fl11V1fllltJ1fffl1l1flll lJN11ll1ilu illiafll 1 11 ~ ulJ fl~11li11l1119iU l1lfl j1Jli1fl 1M 11~1IIllflullVlui bull
IlliltlllJfilllilfl1 2 lflf11~Illll~1 itliillllllifla91l1f111111 i uUll69111fll7Vlfl
1 rmfffl1l1fl-J~ihilu f1111jlVlU 1i~ii ~IlH1J1J7lnlJ 111m ullilVlfllu UtlflU fl11iif1Ufffllol1 ~ _ i 1middotmiddot 4 -l ~ ~ JiIf111U1U 1Jnfl Ufl1lllJ~flU L~U flll~1 nlJ M1mmfl~nfl UVIifllJ1Hlm1JiJlJ~WMlJlJllmllJ~Il
11
25
~ p ~ ~ ~ ~ bullbull ~ ~ ~ 111111111 U mtl~ulfJll 2539 fltlll1Jltlfl1lmfl~Un6pflll IlU ~1nVllnlltHu Vll 1VlV fl1N1Iljl flll
I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
rIUU lyj~I ljtJIli1t1 lIl1UVll nlllti Ilfl1lflW1Ul11 Itti nl1iJ Itfl~ti~U 2529 flllffml1lifv~ jIJ ~ I ~I
1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
lily ~ tI 4 It ltvIt t1IJlI lt111lJlJTUlII1 un 1lm vgWUIJ1t1 2525 l4tim1dl11IJUtiffVlJrl111l4UljlfllU1IJfI U
flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
1L1ilU ljfloWU( 2533 vhM111f1~ ~Tillt1~Ui1f1ifvl1Jll1iJflllitl~rl1U~11J1JlflUVllnfl ffl1llUIJ
i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
d tI~ ltI ~ 11gt ~ 1i(1lJti rllllt11~f VUUIlI rJllmiddotHlI~f 1i(Iln lllJUJllI1lI un mlln JfllJflW1U1Vl 2533 fllll1fllll
I
fl111J li1u1 U 1 ~1J flll1fi11ll1iiu61~Vlri1Jfl111J1lIflllfll 11lvhun61ll111ltlfl IIfl~1fl~lmm1J
11U~11Jfllff1J1JU11Jjlfl11Ugt~ltl2533 m1JU11H mYl 739-745~ hUfl~lUlrI~1Jflfl~flfllimjrullv~lfl~ 2543 lhiuumVlI1VlU dlUflllUtI~1Jfffl~IVmiflpoundjrullltl~ =OIV 4 d $1
lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
~ bull ~ q 1Iffl1UU tn1J1Vl1l~ 1Iti fll1il 1ilfj1JllI 2537 flIJIJ1I1UflII111tiIIIl1mlllIJ tU1JlVlf Vl(J 1Urll
~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
9
Illlfl1jflillll
bull bull yen
fmffmlli1IJ-na~tl1~(1 V1Ul~lfll(l~huiJ~alff(lfJYUlfl~a(lllnwtl1flfllla~a~ um
JJ ~ I1l1~1i11h~~lfltl1flih hhf1IJ 1 0 f11nllJli1~If~ 1~1lJfJVIllVla~lflUlJIJ -Il~ V1lllJ1IlWrlJlJhi~lla~ih
bull fJ) II t
~ltla~-nilUliimiflgtlWUl1IJ Ul11i~-nihl1111SltfllflJlJ1I1W lJlJlii1a ~lfl ihtj GYlJlla lmfll~ tllffU tI ~ J II vl
a dllllJVi IJ VIfJ~U1UiI j lIU111-1 cl ~jflUll1J1m lIi ~ll II ihll1 ~IIlJI1l1lfUli1il111lYl1l1m II GYU lUll yen bull
lJ111l11J JIIJ ~hiiI1lJU1lili1
fllSllwim~luUa~~hillll~llll1i1 lli~1111i1GYIlIlVllJl~II1~ fIilfH1l~ tJIl~ dillih Y sJ bull
fIilfJ~UlllllimliilJlllul~lfli~1111i11l1~lmimiddotm1Ii1liVI1l~ j1m1lJl~I1~iillhll1ll ISPi1 V1lJ-nrilll1l bull
1l~lIllihlJaihlll~ ~1ll1ll II ~ UIlvi1lJlllhflUl tJ11f)fJll~ ~lll1ll 4 Pi1 1iJUIVlff~~lll1ll 7 Pi1
lllffliltJ~1U1IJ 8 ~ 1l1l~illlgl~lJ~lUU 41 Pi iJUV1ff~~lll1IJ 21 ii1 IVifftiluhIJ1IJ 20 ii1 al~ bull 1h1J1W 15-30 11 j~lflllnm~lIllUmjIJmli1tJ~
~ ~
12 IlflgtlWV1WI111V101
121 l5flgtlwihl tI
IlIili11tJ~iJlil1i111U9hJliIi1UUlfl l1i1l ~V1llllIJ1111i11~lJililJmrfl 202
~1 QiI 91 ~Ililfl amlJ mllJfl11IflSlla~ 484 1IfUllllJflS fl11lJJ11mli1a~ 505 IfUfll1JfI mli1a~I-lIl~llJ ll 1J
iiflgtlW1l10Vl1lJ011ll fJ~ lhii 3 wn lJ111W flal1l1li ~iJUiJ~llallm~ ll~1i11lJlIU1~hii1 ltii~ilUI~jf1i1 q ~ ~I x 1 l lUlI11VtJtJU1I1l 1114 m 1l llJllJlllJtl1~lJ1flUU m li1ll4nUllU GYYI1 mli1a4fllUVIll Iffll11f1S lJ iJ~llV
1 = 1 ~ 1 =yenlJ lflllll j lJ ll tJlllJ 1 flff mll a lJ UIl flll W IlJ Uti I-IUfllJ flIl1UU Il a 0 GY 1U IIfJI iJ fl j (IlllJm1l1i1i1 UU
dy OJd ltd1 Q ~ I Ylt$dll IllflUaVllllIJfllf1Hfl1lHffIi11t1fJmall1i111J1~GYU11tlfl 1 tlli11J1lJU ~1i11Ul~la ll111U llJlIlm lU1U 5
Igll Ul11n4iJl~1J~1U1U 4 ~ll illl11111lilala~1111~if~afiUtln1(Ji1~~ 4~1Jflmiddotht~11l1VfillliJ1i1 l5flllwmli1a~ ilmIi1M11l54 (shield) 37 UNU tI~flall~0mta~fla1~~ (neural shield) 5
IINll mli1al~lIJl1n~ (costal shield) oi1~1l 4 IINll mmmSllIJMlil (marginal shield) ffl~tl
II Nll m~s~mila1lUl1N (supracaudal shield) ffHIlt I IINll mli1tHrl1U~fili1fill1i1 (nuchal
shield) iJlllllillgfl mli1a~~lUllUl1lljll~fl 1 (keel) ifmiia~tlaUllllali1ull1flIlHII1 rl1UmilS~
~luVla~ (plastron) lhflall~vmiI6~rlU~filln1Jtla (gular shield) ilUU1ilI~fl 2 IINU mils~ ll1nwUll1Ul (humeral shield) 2 IlNIJ mils~ri1IJ~fili1nllll111Ul (inguinal shield) 2 mlU
mli1a~ri1Uafl (pectoral shield) 2 lINll mila4ri1uVla~ (abdominal shield) 2 UNU mila~lll
bull bull
c
(keel shield)
m~~fl~i1Ul1~
(costal shield)
(neural shield)
mltllmmJBlflU111~
(supracaudal shield)
10
I1ill] (axillary shield) 2 lUlu m~IINl]~1t11iJl11li~ (femeral shield) 2 miu m~IMihuiIJ
(anal shield) 2 Uf1U 1I1fI~lWpJ~ 2
ltl~ 2 5fl1JtII~~tlll~lHWm~Il~hIJl11i1uNum~1l1ff1Ufill~la~5fl1JtII~lfi1iJ1l1~htlltl iWI~1
122 R111l91fl~11II1I
R11111191 fl~11mh~ IIlll~II lt1 ~1Ilf1nmll1lt11 VIii IJ 1l91 Ill] h 1111 l~lJ1tJ I Illl~n
IJWll Igflfl11ll1In tJI15~n5fljjtllSft~11J2tl1lill11WIiIl IJfl11 IIl1l10J ) Idflll11 alJ fl1l Illlln tJ 1Il1l~~ Ild1W1Jil~t)JViWiilllfllJff1WI151m1I1l1~1W1U 3 Ill] ~Hfllt111 I 1IflIJ tY1W-iHm91IHltlil1lt1 1
UflIJ Ua~lJIlIJm~1l1illlmJ9I1lJlIW11A1IJ1l1m~1l11I1mllIJaflSlJlrlJI1tJJmJafh flllJ11fli1I1l1l
I IV (4 wlOI t ltV 44 IV I d ~ )8IlJ ~ IJ 1 tl N1flIll W1jlJW tW~1tJ tl1WI11lJ1flflJlJlI011 lt1fllltll UUnlJm1 lfflIJ1Utlfltl Il tI tllm fl lt11 IflO1
vi-i~Iilti thlll1nfls11 I11~6U tI11flhllllllilv tI~i11I111~1l11imheJfil] Ifltll111mflfl11IlIliltJ
bull UHtlnl11t1IWflIHtIm~1J1-i iJIJ ff1t1Illlln ~mO1Il1Mlti1fhl114hlifllWfltl1l1nl11t1 lli~ i1iiihh
$I S4 I _~ ~ dV I I Iq 1lt5 bull ~1Cl I11l1-r 11 lJ IIHU ll1l1U IlllflmIJ NU Ilflllt1fltlIltJ m fI 1l1191ClIIHIJ tlJlJl11f1l11t1UtlflIlHtI mftll1
~ihlItlI1jjlltlhlJtlmh~tnfiti IlllliltJ~)j1~iiIJtllA 111qJfl11tllll~ mi~ lA11l1flfli1 ~flihu
IIIltYtlfl11 iiiYJ111~~1U1tltllIlG ff1UI111gmfti ~tJt1mwh~l~jlJti1lJfi1J IflUI11~IilltJflill1lff
~ tlft~1t11tl~ 3 Itll 4
(nuchal shield) (gular shield)
mIIt)~U1I11I11IJ111111
(hurneralshield)
(in~inalshield)
(pectoral shield)
(axillary shield)
m~fl~lhufia~ (abdominal shield)
n~~elU1tuUltt6~
(remeral shield)
m~IINri1u~u (anal shield)
11
IHlil ~ III1~ v
ltl1i 4 iTn~~UlliltlIII1il~Ill~ilJW1lu~mYU III1~IINiiJW1iltllmlioll
12
123 fl11lJnlJWjn1Wi1~fl11lJfr)1~mfIHUtlI1111rfl f111lJVl1mflU~IUI1111rfl
lhtl1JillJL1l~lmlllfl~ihfl11rf111rmil~V 63plusmn14 fntlflflJ mllJfl1l~mOlU~ l11~tJ 312plusmn211lfUilll1fl~ fl1111Vl1fll~J~il~V 343plusmn261lfU~lJfl1 f111mYlJl~Un111h~fI11lJfl11~ m~U~UtlI11lfrflUtl~IltlilJi CW = 14226W+2216 R2 = 07295 l1lf11111fflJiun~wh~
fI11lJll1mf1~NUllUl11rflU1l~Iluiui CL = 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 lfffl~1lJ~tlVl 5
CL= 16962W 23474
R ~ 06247
60
50
40
30
~ 20 CW = 14226W 2216iij
RZ = 0729510
o
0 5 10 15 20 llnninlltnI i(nn
IILWmJJviiUl11rflmnV 154plusmn17 1111lflflJ f111lJfl11~mOlU~illlJ 432plusmn22
lIIUilLlJfl~ fI11lJV11mf1U~III~V 467plusmn17 IIU~lJfl~ tl11lJnlJiu1i~11h~fI11lJfl1NmOltHUll h1rflUNlli~ui CW = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 1I11mllJfflJiut1111h~f111lJVl1
w w 2 q _-ltmOllNUllUl11UflUNlllJIIUlj CL = 07377W+35368 R = 05489 lffOl~ Ullll16
ON 07377x +3536860
R~ 05489
- 50 ~8 ~ 40 ~
~
30 ~
05974 c 20 ~ 10
0
250 5 10 15 20
13
Vlqiim11J f) 11 Nifllfil-liU1lf) 1 n1~ Ii
I AS ~ d ltV j-v a I~ 11l1et~I-I nm Il I~~
d ll1tJ NifllVll-l Ij f)I-I Il~ f) 11H11-1U1l ~ f) 1114111-1 j If114IHJUIImfllJ
d fH
ijI-Iiii61-1nl-l11f1ll1~tJNiflJfiWifiu1uU1limiddotmllJU1i1f) 30-40 l1WiilllW lY1IVli~11tJ11n1-6lJ lt] 1i1 -= _I I 0 q I l ltV J 0 aI I IVli1llJIJHcrlUl1lJlf)VlWI-I 11fflVlillltJ lJNfl1461lf1 1l111111lJf) 1~64IJH1I1~1U1lmII64if11-1 f)UlJ6~ a~1 $ ~ li i w1
l~lVlIflJlJ ll1111lJlJll 30 U11lil4IJI-IfI6lJIVlIflJlI lIIJlIH 4 IINfllf)jilIHtI1I~IJHIII1VlIfIJJII
HlIlHy1 2 ltilmllJ~lJalJ f)j11 a4~l1-1r11l164IVllfliiIJUt11~I6f)IIlJ1ntll1hm16IJ64~mw ff11-1111i iii ~ bull
lilIJ611iJ 4 i 1-1 U 1 Hlti4 ~ 1mlIUllIf~ifV gt111 1l 11JH NIy 1 MH NIVllflilmYi JifJ~611J1ltilNiflJW inULVli
MA ltv d f t 11 ltQ
IlJlJ IlJJ if61lJ11J1lI1ifl-ll1INIllVlIflJJJ~1I1lJ1tl1 5middot10 W1Yl ~lf)I-I WVl1lVll-lllL1lUlJVlUIj If 1-1
tI lti4lti11f 1flW 1M~J111 VliV4i16~iiillnl-l J1111 lJltl1 5 mli4UIJt11l6t1i)1 t1nU61tl1i1~ii timltll111 W vi1lltlJ1l4111l II 1111-11I1l1JUNf) ~14 fit 1 tJ~iilllcenthIi1mh4lI64J1Jil~4~ t1 lt] Jggt1H
bull JJ
t1m4 2 ~4 VllJ11i1Ul~1l iflll1~1-1 IIf1lJJf)lJl il1f)ff11-11JIf ti~ilt1NfflJI-lifil-llff~ il )rtJ1Vli9i1~H ljgt1
66t1 ~lfla1111 IVl If~uiJ IJ fft1 fIi4If gt1lhjh I1I6yi1-1 li64IJ1l41hl-lt1 NIH iJ6W~lJ lI W 111IJJ 461tJ1tf1f
JI w dr dIJ11111lJltll 5-8 ll1UIlUlJm t11NlhlJ1tl1 8-10 ll1UllllJ~1 t11141)1f)NiflJIIW~1gt11111j1llJtIiJlf)lJI-I1 ~ ~ w d ~w w ltI d J w ltlw
llfU nmet I-IIVl6Nilllt1lJ IIJ UllIAll 11l1lJfll1NiflJVll-lljU1lt1lJU11l1lIJUr11iJ IlJNiflJIil-lljf1tMllllii
iQ J w ~ w ltI aK 1 bull 9 ~ ~~6f) If 1t1ill1t11 IfIjV4illtHfl1~NfflJVlUlj1lmllJt~1 ~f11ll1-11UlJU blJ6~lJW111ftVlnJVl1 ~ t1 111 1111 IlJ
ff1lJ11(lNfflJU~fltUutifi11 yj1lui~U4H1Ltiuihhlll-l~V4hll~flJfl11NiflJuili41lNfflJ lui1l111
a III I~I i1 4t OJ dl fit ai~1 I 1 ti d
H lti4 ~ 1fl1ltili 1 I IiflJt111IlUlJuill~ lJltll 1 1~1)lj Utili 11~lJ~UlJ1dn 1~11lilll11J 11flH 111H114114 I lIu 1 lJltll gt11-1 1gt16 W litl11f1lJ fl4ll m 1 rllJ1JI-I l14Yl H tI H Ijll illf) IlJ 1ft 111lllJfl1111 Yl 1J
111111t11 gt1 Vlnetui1i114 I Ii mit~11lfI llltljtllJl11~1 lilJUH 1ft Yl11t11U~UVi lllfl1iR1luolNWI-IU1l
v bullbull bull
1~lJlJff4lJ t~II9imn 2100 bull 0400 1-1 li1~IlIUq~I1i~1114 Iili14IilU4IViJ4IliU 1~lii1ltl1l1tJql11~Ii 1U11il11411il1n4iitl4flW lii6111hi1ii6f)~~114Ili1~UtJ1-11IJ111 n411~ 2 ~-NI~~tIIltJillfl111~lU
t1lti4 iimjtllfffiJ1~f)1llJl1N~1t1lh9i1111lJ11ll 3-5 LlJill m1lliit11l6~HllJlIlJlll 3060 1l11-~llJm ~ ~ ~J l ~ 1 I 1 ~r111llt1JN 20-40 lfU~llJVl1 Illllilllt1WifUIIU1l41fllllCl114lI fttJJt1tltlIJUlllflU6t1U1l1u1lWIl
II
6l t1lJl IJ IllvhN 11i I~11)iiUU1Iii U f166 t1ll lHri61~ IHIYi1llhfJH ril iiUinrIiill f1 lJl tlIfitI 11 llJ
w ~ ~_ ~~I i w1lf)lJtlII~lJ~UUrllJ1lIDIJ~ Ii6ill6~fl1 11IUUIIllt1lJtltlll1t)lJ ~1 ~4mlJl UfI11i1f1lIUil1
lJfi~tl Illi 1 litfi1H1Ii lif~ iJUU-iliJ1~lJmli4~tlYl11J1I~f11llJ1I1t111llJJum T4iJfl II~mJflU 1-Nmt iI bull
Ufl muIf)1I1t111ljll 1tl~1JIlUiJfttl1t11flll J1fltiWUtili1iJI~rl1lJ111111 lt] tlt1f1f~1~Uin~ihfl~6t1 II JI
fl1~t1 lJ 1 H Ii l1il~ J 1fltiuUUlh~fl1I1U 1l ~Ul 111 Illt1N1lt1l1 VI ill1lfi4VllJ11UUI~h1141lin4iYU
~11l1t1 14 gt11
bull bull bull
14
I lt14 d ltaJ jI d ff1UlyenllUJ1JllUTWUfl1HW 158plusmn17 f11nmll ml11f111~f11~ilfJ~tmW 433plusmn2A 1lfUillllil~ Wl111Vl1
m~ilfJ~m~J 469plusmn15 llfU~tuil~ UlivtUlj1Ht 8 ijlFl 14 tilInFlTm~tli 571 lltlfo1u~ ii
~Ii~1U1U 83 vlfJ~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jm~U lOAplusmn43 vlfJ~I1llnJlfil~tltl1111illijUti lyenlff~ihilWiJfl~~J
lIUiiilJl lllffiilJlhhl1ilFl~liu 15Ot17 filnflill ml11f1~mmiltl~mli1J 431plusmn21 lf1J~llJil~
mllJm1m~ilfJ~m~1J 466plusmn19 IfUlIllJII1 llliwUim11i 6 ) IllFl 14 11 tiil~1f11111~H 429
lltlflltUli mli~1U1U 53 vltl~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jIil~1J 88plusmn29 vltl~I1tlltl 8ilnFl1~VlFlllUIi1tm~8nFl1gt 9 ~ W 1 wi0ltlilllJ ~f111tfllJ~Fl1JmlW 458 lfl~ 415 1JtllllfU9l 1l1lJ1IlillJ Ui1iH U1lln~Il I IfI~ 2
lt lti j0
IV V I Illr I II t ~ ~IV M ~ IV I o1i d JJ 2 1l11Htl1 UlllUn frlmn114 m~fi11~lJnm~~J~IJJ~WJUtlWU~ lI1~1mml111 Il ~lU1U lJUll~J1l11m~1lf1lIUil1IJJ~9111nIJllUlI~VII11tl1111t1
1ltV1111111lllJlllmUJ
~ ~
W3WUi UJWUi UltIUI1 fI~l~ ~1l 1l111un fI~l~ 61l l1~~Ii 11ufi3ull ~lU1U llmiluii1 tmllfl 1u~1Ju1J 1~lJLlf1 ~lUll
(l1fl) (lIlJ) (Ji1l) (11fl) (lIlJ) (Jill) ~l1~1i Ii (WtH) (iil) () ~llfl (1u) ll1ii3nl~
iluiil (iil)
90 348 370 170 451 485 1112141 15 10 667 191342 98 10
84 340 370 155 425 460 II 1312141 5 5 1000 201342 97 5
54 292 316 158 428 464 22112141 9 4 444 28342 96 4
40 272 300 160 440 465 II 22112141 7 0 0
42 284 300 160 445 475 X ~
50 300 320 165 446 482 II 2411241 10 2 200 28342 94 2 (J1
70 338 364 132 390 444 X
52 308 328 145 420 463 X
62 316 346 140 392 468 X
54 294 320 202 484 505 II 3012141 18 10 555 21442 93 10
62 320 368 146 422 457 X
86 330 389 162 439 470 II 61142 8 0 0
72 320 361 150 430 450 X
54 301 324 164 450 475 121142 11 7 636 10442 88 7
62plusmn16 31plusmn23 341plusmn29 158plusmn7 433plusmn24 469plusmnJ5 lOAplusmn43 458 943plusmn36
1llJ 8 iil 83 wtH 38ii1 38 iil
c ~ ~
1ij1i1N 2 Jli1iln mllJf1~N Uflm1lJU11m~~ll~lJll~rlmlJI1lJi Jb~nfl1f1U1Ni~~llJ1lJ~Itfl69111f111V1ntlllJ~1IJ1l111mU~lJdl~~Miu1~middotm 1llHlJbJn~1J1miJlJfl
~ ~ Il~IlU~ ttlll1Ull
bull11lH1Jn n~l~ nll Jnnlfl 111~ ~ll 11~H 1u1~U1J ~U1U YlnJilu~1 iJil1JQf1 1UI~U1J jtJn~l ~U1U
(1m) (Ill) (lflJ) (lflJ) (lflJ) ~H1~ l~ (IN) (~1) () ~Ylf1 (1U) 1i~lJ16~
lriU111 (~1)
90 358 380 164 432 469 91214 7 2 286 1813142 99 2
76 326 354 122 390 441 x 73 324 355 160 453 490 13112141 6 4 667 201342 97 4
46 283 300 170 445 475 18112141 11 5 455 2313142 95 5
46 280 308 170 458 497 25112141 10 5 500 2913142 94 5 ~
50 300 320 144 417 445 x 70 328 370 142 44S 475 x 62 314 350 172 440 488 211142 13 6 462 114142 89 6
54 301 330 130 410 453 X
50 296 304 156 446 460 X
67 320 352 164 420 455 911142 6 o o o ~
66 325 366 132 404 442 x 74 320 360 144 434 449 X
66 299 367 130 450 480 X
64plusmn13 313plusmn20 344plusmn26 IS0plusmn17 43lplusmn2i 466plusmn19 S8plusmn29 41S 948plusmn38
11lJ 6111 5314H 22)l 22)1
bull bull
bull bullbull
17
mliWl1llJ1N1j~~W1IJVi 9 iIJ11fllJ 2541 ~lJg~1IJVi 12 lJml1llJ 2542 1j1~1ltn1J
~IJ 1lfl1J11iI lb flIJ ltfllWJ flyj ~H ffll11fllilUj l~flUWiilllJ1flgflfl hlifhJf11jlJ1~11iijllflMru tniSlJlfl
fl111liillWlfllgflflh 1jdlfl IJ~flfl1~VIflmHVi 1 1m 2 IIlJlf)11illltnlflliIlV 529plusmn36 flilJ fl11lJ
fl1HmgJ 4QplusmnO1 l1IJilllJltfll fl11lJtJ11mgu 66plusmnO11l1IJilllJltfl1 1lJll11iflli~V 524plusmn21 flllJ fl1111
fl1l~Ii~V 40plusmnO1 1l1IJ~lJfll ml11Ul1m~1J 67plusmn01 l1IJ~lJltfl1lI1lJ-i1~U lJtjVJflyjl)~IlZiJyjl)~ 1)1f11ft1lI)IJI)~UIllJI)~lI1f11fl1vlIJ1lllltlilJl1~ rll)~~ iJli1mru 24 ~i1l~ IIMll1f11Il1VlJIl~~W1 IflfllIJ ~ timiii~i1rll)IJ ~iUfl11IlfflJvflilflfl1Jllifhlflj liitnl1lJliwliatlfl jiflJ qUl11~1IJh~lgfl
ltlJ jll11 hjlt~~~1fhIJlifl~~~(raquo1gfllI)fJilui11~lJtiI)WflliltJli1~1IVIl)fl iIJ Ilflfl1JVIfllltN~ 1
mjl~h liVlmlTll1IJ 2 UU 1IJ~flfl11V1fl1ll~~ 2 UUIWlUYlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 UU 1IJllflfl11V1flIHI~~ 1 Uti11i1 tiYlfl~TIl1IJ 2uU 1IJ~flfl11V1flntNVi 2 util~huVlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 uti Illl11iflllI)~HI~l (y) Vi)~1f1fl11
1Hjlll~til1IJili~ 2 lflfl11V101ntl~ ~11l1IJ 14 mi 5111 136 vltN il111111fflJI1mlilllJltflHfltlthmXfI
4 ltl 2 i _I dIJl~llJIIW1j (x) 0l1lJfflJfl11fltJ y = L8773x+21682 R = 06008 IIffVil~ lJllJrl 7 unOll1HVI 34
80
60 ~ ~ -~ c 40
r y ~ 1amp113x + 2l682
~i 20 R =06008
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IllH IlmhlIJl(nn)
ltili 7 fl11lJUlJI1m11wiwihmrfl Ii I~ lflIJIllt11ifllUMlJtlfil11ltJ~hHlJfl
ltC lt
I ll
(11m~J 3 U11~1lit~mftUU1~lm~lliwml)0illO1li U)~Ull~uiYil1l1ft)~~J~~w~mmlll~lJ1nlJU~ tllq 1 1U
~ UlJI1tl1j 1li1~1 f1l1ll1
bullbull ~ bullbull ~ bullbull ~ tllWWO O~H em Ul11Ufl O~l~ 1111 IllllUfl fl1H fin
(00) ( lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ)
170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
OJ
164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
IllftfJ 167plusmn15 445plusmn18 476plusmn15 529plusmn36 40plusmn01 66plusmn01 308plusmn32 49+02 53+02
~
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bull JO
mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
~ UlJWWl i~~l )111911bull
~bull bullbull bull~
Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
iliVJft
48+02
1liVJft
5lplusmnO3
co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
~lU1llilh (y) ~i~mf1fl1j1Nl~IJJ~1iilfli~ 2 l~flWIlIltJ~ tllflUlli91l 14 u1i bull
11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
()
E
20
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i ~
15
10
5
0
y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
~tlll 8 f11111fflJilJlhI1h~hlJ1U 1lil~ ltiull1In1flu1iilJ (WiTiltlftlJl1l1l
jmlhi1flVJfl~lflllii~I~1lJil18 jjUlfllJ 10 lJlIlJlJ 2542 l~lmiddotn 88-99 llJ iI Q A IV ltI Iq
flrulUl1l 268-318 J~flWllmlflff f1111lIJUirlJIfIl1l 802-903 I1JVWlIlJllI (911jl~Il 5)
~ln~1l5 Jml1tliJIIv~IlnJ (Oe) lif111lJnfl 30 lIil~llJ91j 1l1lf1111JiilJirlJill1i() ilJUJYiflill~l ~
I J tV ~ lVitll llml1JlJ
~
(0C) f111lJlfIJ 1JIlllll()
Iifl 268 903
lJfl 282 830
fl Il 305 850 d
1111 306 802
Ill 318 894
llUlI) 296 plusmn20 856 plusmn43
bull bull bull
21
I II Q 4s T r t II I gt1 ~I ltltftill fl1WVIl~lJtJ~ IJUIltYtlHlllVWWVlfllJ1lgiraquo1Hm~tHVIl~HffjVI 3 Ill 4 UlJ1tl1 5-10 1W tJIi~~UI11Jtl tmt1lJOWllTI111 ~f1~hiiWf1~U~1imJ ] mi1IlltliMHhllgtlll ~luwifii~uj
(keel) gt~ll~uU11tf~ iltllim~l~mitlFluulfliim~llHn~uNuIll~lJ mIll~U~nmmiii bull
ll1vihllllltjjlJ~lU1U 3 ItfJU f1lUU1flllHraquoltl~ IllfJU tU11l1l ]ll 1 UfJU Ul1Im1l6l~WllUii laquo4 I I 013 II d II d d QIe l d J 1n14 d ll~1~fl11ll1Uraquo1ltltl flUl IJ tltlUUI1ltllJ1lJ VItHllUl1f1llJ U1HUltmmHU il1tl1tHUl tltlllUU t lJlItflltlgt
t~ml1l(J HlllJl11J-lJlm 08 tlfU9IllJl1Ii
I bull ltII II dl II ltto laquo4 At ltII d ~ fl1111 ill fllJllt Ill fill 1j Il VI1ltlJ I111 Vll M 1 l ttY j lJ 1i111lJ Ul lJ IIU 111 llH II IlLUltl1l
ltV v d ltr d 3R8plusmn32 flilJ fl11lJfl11lm1l6tUltlIJ 49plusmnO2 llUl1ItlJIl Ull1J11lJIJ11mI1lltUlllJ 53plusmnO2
bull tI bull
1IfW~tlJi1Ij 1i1WI1VitnJl~1(J61H1i littYllJ1i111iiugiiIJU 11llllMtlflIIInJ 281plusmn26 fl~lJ f111lJfl ~H d lo cl ltV
milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
Itlv191W~hl 2 1gt1fl1HlltlltH 1i1WU1Htlfllfll~h (y) ~lU1W 60 ii iUU111tlflIJtHluJ~h (x) iiflllJ
~ ~ ~ 2 i oJlllJflUfiIgt1ltYlJflli y= L5452x+40918 R = 05058 ttY U~lJ1l9
40
35
30 TI S 25 rsect c 20 j 15
F 10
5
0
0
rbull y~ LS4S2+40918
R~ OSOSS 6
255 15 201deg - m ~ U1~lifitU 11 (nn)
22
_I 11 1 Iflln1J1UHu1~fl11U0~lm1l11J11IUlu~
- r QJ r
1l [)tll6~61flU1l~m~IVlim~illl bull bull Sf
ntlVi6gmffl1II11l1U~tl1l~01ffJil~lJ1mlllhfd6UlhfUUhhl1l~hiT~Il1l6~lI~S VllJ
1J~1ruthtllti~IJ6~lhflll6~Viihiliif)i1f)Wru~U11tl ihmmJflJlJ lftl ~UlJiii6 illfl t1113 l1lJlIlI~ f bulllfl~flH )j61J61ffl6~ltlU1llllJYltI~6~U lUlId1UU11m~lJflIJtllJ1111Vl~lJtlrll1h 1161JntJ~mlll ~Vi
~I d ~ I ok d de x l q IIGI
lIlllJIJ1 Im~f)tl1JlI1IJln~mf) IJ~ 11ilfJ l 1mllUl~mfnJtl 1 lJtllJ1lJtlVltJ~tlIilVl11l11llll~milfI~
1IgtIgtllIlI1tlqt1f1lll11~ lilll1Jtl1uVl1J11lmtlmlltnil~u lJ1~U 11 fl6~fl~il~timhwf)~ltltIlJ flf1~16fllt1f)WtUII6~)j1~ (2543) i1V~ltlhIll1ml9itldlfll1ltl1II1Vi61fffJ6yitlU1niillJ Umli~VllJhv
tl1~1lJ1ltlutiuliim~llllitlutlftUillffVilrJltlll1~fl ImNutaphand (1979) 11l~ltjhlllll11fJ 9i tl1l fl11 tltfll1Vi111l1fll flqtyWtl i fllfll1J1nru111fUuihu1l11ti~1lll6~U1iTflVi~fllt1f)W ru~1 flll1J
nh1lfl
mUVljmlfJIJ6~(lhll1l~lu1Jgtlltli~111gt1t1~lI Vl1JlUvn~ f1l16~lIJ ltllI~~ lit6~ ~ 1flflll6~ ll~ ~ djltlflll6~YiiiIJtl1ll 11t)) ii~tlU1j) lflij~111llgtl1~lIl1~i~111~WV1~tll~iimlllll11lJ1flflh
A d lt) a a lt) ~ I A 5ff 0 d 1lll6~6t1 1 VllJUVl1llllllJlIlI~ ll11JJlf1lItVl~m~llllJlIu1fltll tl6~1l1m1JtIllllJlIYI6~llflllm tI6fl
f1~6~fllJ11 IlU (2533) i 1l~1tlhtl Il ~1JtlVlU1II1l11l~ tll1JflVllJltVl1m iI1lllIflJ1l1tllJ11101IllflUl
_I ~I J I I d d d d I
f1M~Jl~~ lI~lJlf)tllf1l16~1Jlf)1Jl11 CJHl1JtJtIlIJ1l6lll6~f1l1lNlI~ illI~ l tlllll IVlJ~llfll1CJr~1l6~
bull q ~ t q gt ~ q ~ 1 =~ ~ltl1t1t1llVlJ1fl IUlliilJII1ll I1l~llltl1 Itlllll~lI~ 1fl~~qtyVltl1j Itliltl1fllll IIl1 IVl iiltl1llllU
y
(2525) ~d1nilWtl~1II1U1~ltlflll6~lI~~ 6Jl~ il tI~lI tl11Jl~mlmllJWtl~llli1lllU~tll1J~ 1~Ilftl
fltI f11i ~11II1llUlii11 tia 6 d~f1 Jl )~ Jl ~ 6l ~lii6~1J 1~1fl lJ I 101filla~ lI ~~~I1JUl11 ci~ 61flVIJ 6~ 11111 VI j1
)jij~ih lWtJ~I tlVluiiUtlOafl14YU lBffll11J iUlJ11tlfllit6IillIlilUfltl 611 1m1~lrii6 dtifl1l6~lI~
~lIll1I lf~1nm1lJ~61111111ilUtfll1~n61~iiU~~i1Jl1ll111lV~tll1l 1~1Il(t1ci6lm~~flll6~1l~Ih I riiilllJiiu~l1JIlfUflU
~ ~ J2 llflllruYIWlfllVIU1
~flllru~l111 bull
~1f) f111 VI fl 1l 6~VllJ1111i llll uliitll1l~ l1ltllIll1lh~fl fl1 ~ 6~ II~~ (terrapin)
IItl1llltltj) lt1f)llrul~lnlt)1111Nl~6fltl~lm~11l 11111Ulijl~lJ~ltl1tl 5 ~lJ ff1UlJ111lt1~ii 4 y
~lJ IVlflliifJIlJlJtJ1fl illqiViqflii1i111Ufl 202 fill1fl1lJ fI11lJfl~1~mflN 484 CJrtl~lJm m111U11
bull bull
bull bull
23
~llll1lltl~(Jl~hlllJflmHlJIJ(Jliiu1 ihrfllJmIhhJtiltJ lJlhtltlfl 17 il1tlflilJ fl11lJJl1mIlB~~6~ 58
lIlligtilJ~1 fl11lJm1m~B~mj~ 60 lIll~llJm fl1~1I6~l1a~lJilnlibull fl11lJll~fl~H1Vlfl
mllJl~fl~l~~ 11h~lllfl~ lmJ~lldJlI 9l11~lJ1JlllfllJliiUIl1111l1flhllff~ mi~ ~ ~ ~ P I~middot ~ middot1 1fl~~llltltI1ll1fl11llflrjn flll m1 fltllJfl111l1lJ I U m1I6~11n~mmll lJtlllllJnfl] IJUUNU m IlIH
~ P _f d ~ 131 ltjI d P 1 l I II 4
U (J UlJ lfl m lltH Ill U 1l6~jjfl ~ lJ UNll Vl6~l U66fllJlU 1~ll6fllI flU 61lliN 11 mIlB~UYIn W-IU IlJ lJmll y
lJfl Ulffnlltf1Ul1 1lJlhhnn tJlmmjlJU1lIJtJlfllJffll1ii6~61lU iJff1l 1li~11JlliUIllff~ tf1jJ111~I~fl (Vlt$ltu j1 4 1$1
jjUfl11llfl~ Yl11lJ1lIllfllmII(J~mNlJlIflIJ1l1ll1ll 3 llflIJ ~flltl1~ 1 UOIJ lY1UUl~mII1l~Ul~tl ~ 1 n -l1 lflIJ ltllU1lIJm1i16~lJllflIJltllJllU1 fl~U1l~mliljH 1il1l16IJ lJUUllillllflfl111VlflllW lllJflll1l1
lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
mIl(J~l1n~iiltl1lJrmilllthU111~~IWlJl1fl111l1flliitJ 1lJnh~1I1iwli6~rUthlJflUlfljJ111~lJlflflh bull
lllflllJfJ
11 tiII~flUthtlfl~lUlt1jlJ lt111~16flaflll mUltJ ~l1~ (2543) mi1111111~lJe~ lYi1lllfl~ 11 lvi111 lI11JUiJfllJ
IJUllilfJTlflil ii1flUI11~il1tYfl111lnillYI111e~i U 91111l1ti ~tleU1tJ m~111~lJ lflfl111YillllflliJlJ li~il~
lYlBlt1fl1fliUfl11NlYlJliili mllJfflJIiU11iHfl11lJfr)11mIIBltlUnlll11UflIJltJ~vl61iUi CW =
VI(J ~fffl1lJ I HUVIB~l[JIJllYlJ6flU il tl Bli1li~lH U fl1 fl6~lJtllJUIJ flllHU fl1 flltJ~rllll1 U
bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
IiUi cw = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 Utlfl11lJfflJlitJ1111lt1fl11lJ[Jl1m1i16~ltllill1t1fl
~ ~ VIq~fl1j lJmHlfflJI1tJ1j
YiltllfJ~U~~flfflJlitJiflU~~mm1Ultl~mmfiU j~I11HliieUlmfllJii~~Utieu
itJ11fllJ NfflJliuititJUJ1~jiiIJJliifl 300 lllU~lJ~j lYilI1fl~jUl~~ 4 -1i1~lmm~fHI1iltI IJ ll~1111llflljj fJ I~hnllJ~U~ IillllU lli1~ iJiifflJtlltJ U lt1I1lt1)e 11)11li fI fflJlitJiflU111fliilff IJ~ j IJfl1U 11 tl~ ~lflfllt1lJIiU(1111llflljjfJlI~IJJlI461~mfJ1UI~eNlYlJ flU1Ii Ulil11~1~fIJ fl1~NtlJliuin~I~IJJl 14e1~l1ti1~hiNfflJIiUifllJlYi1Vlfl~ fl lilIi1fllllUlIil~U1tJBdIJllUfll~m16~ titJ tilVlvleliUiHlt1lJ
J1Vfl tB~fltiltJ~fllJfiffiJJltlflm (2529) fl~11h11NtlJIiUiflU~1I1Hlii6UflUlJ1fJuii~KtJl~ltJU
bullbull bull
bull bull
24
VId1ulUfhj~tJ1Fl1f1fitJui11t1hmll~~JlJl11J ~1ullinlll 2100 - 0400 U1Wf11 Mti~~lmfutlljlllil1 flmUll~lh1I ~1U1111iii~~ulli 5-18 VItJ1 ~lflf11~VIllllfl11iiJulljVluiIIli11nJ9iUlnll~1tJtJ1M11ltfl
f111V1fllfl1~ 1 il-iJ91gt1f1111HIi 571111tl11oilU~ UIIdjjli~lU1U 83 WN ilfl1Ilillltl1~ 2 iiall~l fll1mW 429 11ltl11oiluli lll~ii~lU111Ii 53 VItl~ U1JlilijjjJlm1fl 470-588 flill fl11lJfl~H 38shy
42 llfU~lJ91 fl111Wl1 65-68 lfU~llJfll
l1fl1lWUtl1 Ii
fl1lW~ lilllilll1lJ91UI1lil1l1111IhtiuIllll flllVItH ffUl1fltlltJIinlll1lfttlf1 Ii ~1UU 111
~ d~ j dy UUfl1911ll1IJlllllJllllflf111 II1l1f)1 ~ fJ11J1I1fl1ltJJ
69111flU1lBtYUii1IllflllVlfl
Iillilll1tJ9iunilVlmnU~1~nll1 88-99111 ~tjwMSJil268-318 HfIlllfllllli1l1j IIll
11 Jj ~ _ ~ 1 ~ f 7 fl11lJlIU lt1 lJj VI I 802-903 1JtllllfUIII UlllllV1 ~lflUlJjU1jll1llJ1~nltllM1lflflllV1fllltlUl 1 1Ill
lflflllV1fllltl1~ 2 iiall11flllVlmlJulll 458 1Ill~ 415 l1Ifllollu1 1II1lJlh~lJ tUflflWllfllltl1~ 1 mj
I1li11llYlfl~1111U 2 all illflflllV1lllfl1~ 2 Illl9hiJJVlfl~lU1U 1 ull tl1~Iatl~~lflflllhililJli11fl 1fllJiJ1Iilfl11111ilm111hh~fllJ1$iilJfl11mVIlJm~ltlflu Jm~liiU1J1i1111lIl1flllliitJ 308plusmn32
flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
VIilllfl~ lliI~11tJ1MllVi1HllflllllVluilllilll11J~Ulnilli~ 2 WI iliiifllllitl6111llflllVlmnllIll1I1liVllli
WllllltJ~ 111l1l viii1J~~1IJfl lM11141flYlllfiflJt1I1lJIl ~~jj11ll1illJ6~lfl11 iiallll1 fl11 Vl fll1]lJ ~11fltllfltJ1
Qt teldQ
fllJtl1M 11 VIlJ 111l1lJllfl l~fl11
fl11V1fllltJ1fffl1l1flll lJN11ll1ilu illiafll 1 11 ~ ulJ fl~11li11l1119iU l1lfl j1Jli1fl 1M 11~1IIllflullVlui bull
IlliltlllJfilllilfl1 2 lflf11~Illll~1 itliillllllifla91l1f111111 i uUll69111fll7Vlfl
1 rmfffl1l1fl-J~ihilu f1111jlVlU 1i~ii ~IlH1J1J7lnlJ 111m ullilVlfllu UtlflU fl11iif1Ufffllol1 ~ _ i 1middotmiddot 4 -l ~ ~ JiIf111U1U 1Jnfl Ufl1lllJ~flU L~U flll~1 nlJ M1mmfl~nfl UVIifllJ1Hlm1JiJlJ~WMlJlJllmllJ~Il
11
25
~ p ~ ~ ~ ~ bullbull ~ ~ ~ 111111111 U mtl~ulfJll 2539 fltlll1Jltlfl1lmfl~Un6pflll IlU ~1nVllnlltHu Vll 1VlV fl1N1Iljl flll
I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
rIUU lyj~I ljtJIli1t1 lIl1UVll nlllti Ilfl1lflW1Ul11 Itti nl1iJ Itfl~ti~U 2529 flllffml1lifv~ jIJ ~ I ~I
1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
lily ~ tI 4 It ltvIt t1IJlI lt111lJlJTUlII1 un 1lm vgWUIJ1t1 2525 l4tim1dl11IJUtiffVlJrl111l4UljlfllU1IJfI U
flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
1L1ilU ljfloWU( 2533 vhM111f1~ ~Tillt1~Ui1f1ifvl1Jll1iJflllitl~rl1U~11J1JlflUVllnfl ffl1llUIJ
i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
d tI~ ltI ~ 11gt ~ 1i(1lJti rllllt11~f VUUIlI rJllmiddotHlI~f 1i(Iln lllJUJllI1lI un mlln JfllJflW1U1Vl 2533 fllll1fllll
I
fl111J li1u1 U 1 ~1J flll1fi11ll1iiu61~Vlri1Jfl111J1lIflllfll 11lvhun61ll111ltlfl IIfl~1fl~lmm1J
11U~11Jfllff1J1JU11Jjlfl11Ugt~ltl2533 m1JU11H mYl 739-745~ hUfl~lUlrI~1Jflfl~flfllimjrullv~lfl~ 2543 lhiuumVlI1VlU dlUflllUtI~1Jfffl~IVmiflpoundjrullltl~ =OIV 4 d $1
lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
~ bull ~ q 1Iffl1UU tn1J1Vl1l~ 1Iti fll1il 1ilfj1JllI 2537 flIJIJ1I1UflII111tiIIIl1mlllIJ tU1JlVlf Vl(J 1Urll
~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
bull bull
c
(keel shield)
m~~fl~i1Ul1~
(costal shield)
(neural shield)
mltllmmJBlflU111~
(supracaudal shield)
10
I1ill] (axillary shield) 2 lUlu m~IINl]~1t11iJl11li~ (femeral shield) 2 miu m~IMihuiIJ
(anal shield) 2 Uf1U 1I1fI~lWpJ~ 2
ltl~ 2 5fl1JtII~~tlll~lHWm~Il~hIJl11i1uNum~1l1ff1Ufill~la~5fl1JtII~lfi1iJ1l1~htlltl iWI~1
122 R111l91fl~11II1I
R11111191 fl~11mh~ IIlll~II lt1 ~1Ilf1nmll1lt11 VIii IJ 1l91 Ill] h 1111 l~lJ1tJ I Illl~n
IJWll Igflfl11ll1In tJI15~n5fljjtllSft~11J2tl1lill11WIiIl IJfl11 IIl1l10J ) Idflll11 alJ fl1l Illlln tJ 1Il1l~~ Ild1W1Jil~t)JViWiilllfllJff1WI151m1I1l1~1W1U 3 Ill] ~Hfllt111 I 1IflIJ tY1W-iHm91IHltlil1lt1 1
UflIJ Ua~lJIlIJm~1l1illlmJ9I1lJlIW11A1IJ1l1m~1l11I1mllIJaflSlJlrlJI1tJJmJafh flllJ11fli1I1l1l
I IV (4 wlOI t ltV 44 IV I d ~ )8IlJ ~ IJ 1 tl N1flIll W1jlJW tW~1tJ tl1WI11lJ1flflJlJlI011 lt1fllltll UUnlJm1 lfflIJ1Utlfltl Il tI tllm fl lt11 IflO1
vi-i~Iilti thlll1nfls11 I11~6U tI11flhllllllilv tI~i11I111~1l11imheJfil] Ifltll111mflfl11IlIliltJ
bull UHtlnl11t1IWflIHtIm~1J1-i iJIJ ff1t1Illlln ~mO1Il1Mlti1fhl114hlifllWfltl1l1nl11t1 lli~ i1iiihh
$I S4 I _~ ~ dV I I Iq 1lt5 bull ~1Cl I11l1-r 11 lJ IIHU ll1l1U IlllflmIJ NU Ilflllt1fltlIltJ m fI 1l1191ClIIHIJ tlJlJl11f1l11t1UtlflIlHtI mftll1
~ihlItlI1jjlltlhlJtlmh~tnfiti IlllliltJ~)j1~iiIJtllA 111qJfl11tllll~ mi~ lA11l1flfli1 ~flihu
IIIltYtlfl11 iiiYJ111~~1U1tltllIlG ff1UI111gmfti ~tJt1mwh~l~jlJti1lJfi1J IflUI11~IilltJflill1lff
~ tlft~1t11tl~ 3 Itll 4
(nuchal shield) (gular shield)
mIIt)~U1I11I11IJ111111
(hurneralshield)
(in~inalshield)
(pectoral shield)
(axillary shield)
m~fl~lhufia~ (abdominal shield)
n~~elU1tuUltt6~
(remeral shield)
m~IINri1u~u (anal shield)
11
IHlil ~ III1~ v
ltl1i 4 iTn~~UlliltlIII1il~Ill~ilJW1lu~mYU III1~IINiiJW1iltllmlioll
12
123 fl11lJnlJWjn1Wi1~fl11lJfr)1~mfIHUtlI1111rfl f111lJVl1mflU~IUI1111rfl
lhtl1JillJL1l~lmlllfl~ihfl11rf111rmil~V 63plusmn14 fntlflflJ mllJfl1l~mOlU~ l11~tJ 312plusmn211lfUilll1fl~ fl1111Vl1fll~J~il~V 343plusmn261lfU~lJfl1 f111mYlJl~Un111h~fI11lJfl11~ m~U~UtlI11lfrflUtl~IltlilJi CW = 14226W+2216 R2 = 07295 l1lf11111fflJiun~wh~
fI11lJll1mf1~NUllUl11rflU1l~Iluiui CL = 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 lfffl~1lJ~tlVl 5
CL= 16962W 23474
R ~ 06247
60
50
40
30
~ 20 CW = 14226W 2216iij
RZ = 0729510
o
0 5 10 15 20 llnninlltnI i(nn
IILWmJJviiUl11rflmnV 154plusmn17 1111lflflJ f111lJfl11~mOlU~illlJ 432plusmn22
lIIUilLlJfl~ fI11lJV11mf1U~III~V 467plusmn17 IIU~lJfl~ tl11lJnlJiu1i~11h~fI11lJfl1NmOltHUll h1rflUNlli~ui CW = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 1I11mllJfflJiut1111h~f111lJVl1
w w 2 q _-ltmOllNUllUl11UflUNlllJIIUlj CL = 07377W+35368 R = 05489 lffOl~ Ullll16
ON 07377x +3536860
R~ 05489
- 50 ~8 ~ 40 ~
~
30 ~
05974 c 20 ~ 10
0
250 5 10 15 20
13
Vlqiim11J f) 11 Nifllfil-liU1lf) 1 n1~ Ii
I AS ~ d ltV j-v a I~ 11l1et~I-I nm Il I~~
d ll1tJ NifllVll-l Ij f)I-I Il~ f) 11H11-1U1l ~ f) 1114111-1 j If114IHJUIImfllJ
d fH
ijI-Iiii61-1nl-l11f1ll1~tJNiflJfiWifiu1uU1limiddotmllJU1i1f) 30-40 l1WiilllW lY1IVli~11tJ11n1-6lJ lt] 1i1 -= _I I 0 q I l ltV J 0 aI I IVli1llJIJHcrlUl1lJlf)VlWI-I 11fflVlillltJ lJNfl1461lf1 1l111111lJf) 1~64IJH1I1~1U1lmII64if11-1 f)UlJ6~ a~1 $ ~ li i w1
l~lVlIflJlJ ll1111lJlJll 30 U11lil4IJI-IfI6lJIVlIflJlI lIIJlIH 4 IINfllf)jilIHtI1I~IJHIII1VlIfIJJII
HlIlHy1 2 ltilmllJ~lJalJ f)j11 a4~l1-1r11l164IVllfliiIJUt11~I6f)IIlJ1ntll1hm16IJ64~mw ff11-1111i iii ~ bull
lilIJ611iJ 4 i 1-1 U 1 Hlti4 ~ 1mlIUllIf~ifV gt111 1l 11JH NIy 1 MH NIVllflilmYi JifJ~611J1ltilNiflJW inULVli
MA ltv d f t 11 ltQ
IlJlJ IlJJ if61lJ11J1lI1ifl-ll1INIllVlIflJJJ~1I1lJ1tl1 5middot10 W1Yl ~lf)I-I WVl1lVll-lllL1lUlJVlUIj If 1-1
tI lti4lti11f 1flW 1M~J111 VliV4i16~iiillnl-l J1111 lJltl1 5 mli4UIJt11l6t1i)1 t1nU61tl1i1~ii timltll111 W vi1lltlJ1l4111l II 1111-11I1l1JUNf) ~14 fit 1 tJ~iilllcenthIi1mh4lI64J1Jil~4~ t1 lt] Jggt1H
bull JJ
t1m4 2 ~4 VllJ11i1Ul~1l iflll1~1-1 IIf1lJJf)lJl il1f)ff11-11JIf ti~ilt1NfflJI-lifil-llff~ il )rtJ1Vli9i1~H ljgt1
66t1 ~lfla1111 IVl If~uiJ IJ fft1 fIi4If gt1lhjh I1I6yi1-1 li64IJ1l41hl-lt1 NIH iJ6W~lJ lI W 111IJJ 461tJ1tf1f
JI w dr dIJ11111lJltll 5-8 ll1UIlUlJm t11NlhlJ1tl1 8-10 ll1UllllJ~1 t11141)1f)NiflJIIW~1gt11111j1llJtIiJlf)lJI-I1 ~ ~ w d ~w w ltI d J w ltlw
llfU nmet I-IIVl6Nilllt1lJ IIJ UllIAll 11l1lJfll1NiflJVll-lljU1lt1lJU11l1lIJUr11iJ IlJNiflJIil-lljf1tMllllii
iQ J w ~ w ltI aK 1 bull 9 ~ ~~6f) If 1t1ill1t11 IfIjV4illtHfl1~NfflJVlUlj1lmllJt~1 ~f11ll1-11UlJU blJ6~lJW111ftVlnJVl1 ~ t1 111 1111 IlJ
ff1lJ11(lNfflJU~fltUutifi11 yj1lui~U4H1Ltiuihhlll-l~V4hll~flJfl11NiflJuili41lNfflJ lui1l111
a III I~I i1 4t OJ dl fit ai~1 I 1 ti d
H lti4 ~ 1fl1ltili 1 I IiflJt111IlUlJuill~ lJltll 1 1~1)lj Utili 11~lJ~UlJ1dn 1~11lilll11J 11flH 111H114114 I lIu 1 lJltll gt11-1 1gt16 W litl11f1lJ fl4ll m 1 rllJ1JI-I l14Yl H tI H Ijll illf) IlJ 1ft 111lllJfl1111 Yl 1J
111111t11 gt1 Vlnetui1i114 I Ii mit~11lfI llltljtllJl11~1 lilJUH 1ft Yl11t11U~UVi lllfl1iR1luolNWI-IU1l
v bullbull bull
1~lJlJff4lJ t~II9imn 2100 bull 0400 1-1 li1~IlIUq~I1i~1114 Iili14IilU4IViJ4IliU 1~lii1ltl1l1tJql11~Ii 1U11il11411il1n4iitl4flW lii6111hi1ii6f)~~114Ili1~UtJ1-11IJ111 n411~ 2 ~-NI~~tIIltJillfl111~lU
t1lti4 iimjtllfffiJ1~f)1llJl1N~1t1lh9i1111lJ11ll 3-5 LlJill m1lliit11l6~HllJlIlJlll 3060 1l11-~llJm ~ ~ ~J l ~ 1 I 1 ~r111llt1JN 20-40 lfU~llJVl1 Illllilllt1WifUIIU1l41fllllCl114lI fttJJt1tltlIJUlllflU6t1U1l1u1lWIl
II
6l t1lJl IJ IllvhN 11i I~11)iiUU1Iii U f166 t1ll lHri61~ IHIYi1llhfJH ril iiUinrIiill f1 lJl tlIfitI 11 llJ
w ~ ~_ ~~I i w1lf)lJtlII~lJ~UUrllJ1lIDIJ~ Ii6ill6~fl1 11IUUIIllt1lJtltlll1t)lJ ~1 ~4mlJl UfI11i1f1lIUil1
lJfi~tl Illi 1 litfi1H1Ii lif~ iJUU-iliJ1~lJmli4~tlYl11J1I~f11llJ1I1t111llJJum T4iJfl II~mJflU 1-Nmt iI bull
Ufl muIf)1I1t111ljll 1tl~1JIlUiJfttl1t11flll J1fltiWUtili1iJI~rl1lJ111111 lt] tlt1f1f~1~Uin~ihfl~6t1 II JI
fl1~t1 lJ 1 H Ii l1il~ J 1fltiuUUlh~fl1I1U 1l ~Ul 111 Illt1N1lt1l1 VI ill1lfi4VllJ11UUI~h1141lin4iYU
~11l1t1 14 gt11
bull bull bull
14
I lt14 d ltaJ jI d ff1UlyenllUJ1JllUTWUfl1HW 158plusmn17 f11nmll ml11f111~f11~ilfJ~tmW 433plusmn2A 1lfUillllil~ Wl111Vl1
m~ilfJ~m~J 469plusmn15 llfU~tuil~ UlivtUlj1Ht 8 ijlFl 14 tilInFlTm~tli 571 lltlfo1u~ ii
~Ii~1U1U 83 vlfJ~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jm~U lOAplusmn43 vlfJ~I1llnJlfil~tltl1111illijUti lyenlff~ihilWiJfl~~J
lIUiiilJl lllffiilJlhhl1ilFl~liu 15Ot17 filnflill ml11f1~mmiltl~mli1J 431plusmn21 lf1J~llJil~
mllJm1m~ilfJ~m~1J 466plusmn19 IfUlIllJII1 llliwUim11i 6 ) IllFl 14 11 tiil~1f11111~H 429
lltlflltUli mli~1U1U 53 vltl~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jIil~1J 88plusmn29 vltl~I1tlltl 8ilnFl1~VlFlllUIi1tm~8nFl1gt 9 ~ W 1 wi0ltlilllJ ~f111tfllJ~Fl1JmlW 458 lfl~ 415 1JtllllfU9l 1l1lJ1IlillJ Ui1iH U1lln~Il I IfI~ 2
lt lti j0
IV V I Illr I II t ~ ~IV M ~ IV I o1i d JJ 2 1l11Htl1 UlllUn frlmn114 m~fi11~lJnm~~J~IJJ~WJUtlWU~ lI1~1mml111 Il ~lU1U lJUll~J1l11m~1lf1lIUil1IJJ~9111nIJllUlI~VII11tl1111t1
1ltV1111111lllJlllmUJ
~ ~
W3WUi UJWUi UltIUI1 fI~l~ ~1l 1l111un fI~l~ 61l l1~~Ii 11ufi3ull ~lU1U llmiluii1 tmllfl 1u~1Ju1J 1~lJLlf1 ~lUll
(l1fl) (lIlJ) (Ji1l) (11fl) (lIlJ) (Jill) ~l1~1i Ii (WtH) (iil) () ~llfl (1u) ll1ii3nl~
iluiil (iil)
90 348 370 170 451 485 1112141 15 10 667 191342 98 10
84 340 370 155 425 460 II 1312141 5 5 1000 201342 97 5
54 292 316 158 428 464 22112141 9 4 444 28342 96 4
40 272 300 160 440 465 II 22112141 7 0 0
42 284 300 160 445 475 X ~
50 300 320 165 446 482 II 2411241 10 2 200 28342 94 2 (J1
70 338 364 132 390 444 X
52 308 328 145 420 463 X
62 316 346 140 392 468 X
54 294 320 202 484 505 II 3012141 18 10 555 21442 93 10
62 320 368 146 422 457 X
86 330 389 162 439 470 II 61142 8 0 0
72 320 361 150 430 450 X
54 301 324 164 450 475 121142 11 7 636 10442 88 7
62plusmn16 31plusmn23 341plusmn29 158plusmn7 433plusmn24 469plusmnJ5 lOAplusmn43 458 943plusmn36
1llJ 8 iil 83 wtH 38ii1 38 iil
c ~ ~
1ij1i1N 2 Jli1iln mllJf1~N Uflm1lJU11m~~ll~lJll~rlmlJI1lJi Jb~nfl1f1U1Ni~~llJ1lJ~Itfl69111f111V1ntlllJ~1IJ1l111mU~lJdl~~Miu1~middotm 1llHlJbJn~1J1miJlJfl
~ ~ Il~IlU~ ttlll1Ull
bull11lH1Jn n~l~ nll Jnnlfl 111~ ~ll 11~H 1u1~U1J ~U1U YlnJilu~1 iJil1JQf1 1UI~U1J jtJn~l ~U1U
(1m) (Ill) (lflJ) (lflJ) (lflJ) ~H1~ l~ (IN) (~1) () ~Ylf1 (1U) 1i~lJ16~
lriU111 (~1)
90 358 380 164 432 469 91214 7 2 286 1813142 99 2
76 326 354 122 390 441 x 73 324 355 160 453 490 13112141 6 4 667 201342 97 4
46 283 300 170 445 475 18112141 11 5 455 2313142 95 5
46 280 308 170 458 497 25112141 10 5 500 2913142 94 5 ~
50 300 320 144 417 445 x 70 328 370 142 44S 475 x 62 314 350 172 440 488 211142 13 6 462 114142 89 6
54 301 330 130 410 453 X
50 296 304 156 446 460 X
67 320 352 164 420 455 911142 6 o o o ~
66 325 366 132 404 442 x 74 320 360 144 434 449 X
66 299 367 130 450 480 X
64plusmn13 313plusmn20 344plusmn26 IS0plusmn17 43lplusmn2i 466plusmn19 S8plusmn29 41S 948plusmn38
11lJ 6111 5314H 22)l 22)1
bull bull
bull bullbull
17
mliWl1llJ1N1j~~W1IJVi 9 iIJ11fllJ 2541 ~lJg~1IJVi 12 lJml1llJ 2542 1j1~1ltn1J
~IJ 1lfl1J11iI lb flIJ ltfllWJ flyj ~H ffll11fllilUj l~flUWiilllJ1flgflfl hlifhJf11jlJ1~11iijllflMru tniSlJlfl
fl111liillWlfllgflflh 1jdlfl IJ~flfl1~VIflmHVi 1 1m 2 IIlJlf)11illltnlflliIlV 529plusmn36 flilJ fl11lJ
fl1HmgJ 4QplusmnO1 l1IJilllJltfll fl11lJtJ11mgu 66plusmnO11l1IJilllJltfl1 1lJll11iflli~V 524plusmn21 flllJ fl1111
fl1l~Ii~V 40plusmnO1 1l1IJ~lJfll ml11Ul1m~1J 67plusmn01 l1IJ~lJltfl1lI1lJ-i1~U lJtjVJflyjl)~IlZiJyjl)~ 1)1f11ft1lI)IJI)~UIllJI)~lI1f11fl1vlIJ1lllltlilJl1~ rll)~~ iJli1mru 24 ~i1l~ IIMll1f11Il1VlJIl~~W1 IflfllIJ ~ timiii~i1rll)IJ ~iUfl11IlfflJvflilflfl1Jllifhlflj liitnl1lJliwliatlfl jiflJ qUl11~1IJh~lgfl
ltlJ jll11 hjlt~~~1fhIJlifl~~~(raquo1gfllI)fJilui11~lJtiI)WflliltJli1~1IVIl)fl iIJ Ilflfl1JVIfllltN~ 1
mjl~h liVlmlTll1IJ 2 UU 1IJ~flfl11V1fl1ll~~ 2 UUIWlUYlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 UU 1IJllflfl11V1flIHI~~ 1 Uti11i1 tiYlfl~TIl1IJ 2uU 1IJ~flfl11V1flntNVi 2 util~huVlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 uti Illl11iflllI)~HI~l (y) Vi)~1f1fl11
1Hjlll~til1IJili~ 2 lflfl11V101ntl~ ~11l1IJ 14 mi 5111 136 vltN il111111fflJI1mlilllJltflHfltlthmXfI
4 ltl 2 i _I dIJl~llJIIW1j (x) 0l1lJfflJfl11fltJ y = L8773x+21682 R = 06008 IIffVil~ lJllJrl 7 unOll1HVI 34
80
60 ~ ~ -~ c 40
r y ~ 1amp113x + 2l682
~i 20 R =06008
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IllH IlmhlIJl(nn)
ltili 7 fl11lJUlJI1m11wiwihmrfl Ii I~ lflIJIllt11ifllUMlJtlfil11ltJ~hHlJfl
ltC lt
I ll
(11m~J 3 U11~1lit~mftUU1~lm~lliwml)0illO1li U)~Ull~uiYil1l1ft)~~J~~w~mmlll~lJ1nlJU~ tllq 1 1U
~ UlJI1tl1j 1li1~1 f1l1ll1
bullbull ~ bullbull ~ bullbull ~ tllWWO O~H em Ul11Ufl O~l~ 1111 IllllUfl fl1H fin
(00) ( lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ)
170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
OJ
164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
IllftfJ 167plusmn15 445plusmn18 476plusmn15 529plusmn36 40plusmn01 66plusmn01 308plusmn32 49+02 53+02
~
eo ~
bull JO
mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
~ UlJWWl i~~l )111911bull
~bull bullbull bull~
Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
iliVJft
48+02
1liVJft
5lplusmnO3
co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
~lU1llilh (y) ~i~mf1fl1j1Nl~IJJ~1iilfli~ 2 l~flWIlIltJ~ tllflUlli91l 14 u1i bull
11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
()
E
20
~ ~ gt ~
i ~
15
10
5
0
y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
~tlll 8 f11111fflJilJlhI1h~hlJ1U 1lil~ ltiull1In1flu1iilJ (WiTiltlftlJl1l1l
jmlhi1flVJfl~lflllii~I~1lJil18 jjUlfllJ 10 lJlIlJlJ 2542 l~lmiddotn 88-99 llJ iI Q A IV ltI Iq
flrulUl1l 268-318 J~flWllmlflff f1111lIJUirlJIfIl1l 802-903 I1JVWlIlJllI (911jl~Il 5)
~ln~1l5 Jml1tliJIIv~IlnJ (Oe) lif111lJnfl 30 lIil~llJ91j 1l1lf1111JiilJirlJill1i() ilJUJYiflill~l ~
I J tV ~ lVitll llml1JlJ
~
(0C) f111lJlfIJ 1JIlllll()
Iifl 268 903
lJfl 282 830
fl Il 305 850 d
1111 306 802
Ill 318 894
llUlI) 296 plusmn20 856 plusmn43
bull bull bull
21
I II Q 4s T r t II I gt1 ~I ltltftill fl1WVIl~lJtJ~ IJUIltYtlHlllVWWVlfllJ1lgiraquo1Hm~tHVIl~HffjVI 3 Ill 4 UlJ1tl1 5-10 1W tJIi~~UI11Jtl tmt1lJOWllTI111 ~f1~hiiWf1~U~1imJ ] mi1IlltliMHhllgtlll ~luwifii~uj
(keel) gt~ll~uU11tf~ iltllim~l~mitlFluulfliim~llHn~uNuIll~lJ mIll~U~nmmiii bull
ll1vihllllltjjlJ~lU1U 3 ItfJU f1lUU1flllHraquoltl~ IllfJU tU11l1l ]ll 1 UfJU Ul1Im1l6l~WllUii laquo4 I I 013 II d II d d QIe l d J 1n14 d ll~1~fl11ll1Uraquo1ltltl flUl IJ tltlUUI1ltllJ1lJ VItHllUl1f1llJ U1HUltmmHU il1tl1tHUl tltlllUU t lJlItflltlgt
t~ml1l(J HlllJl11J-lJlm 08 tlfU9IllJl1Ii
I bull ltII II dl II ltto laquo4 At ltII d ~ fl1111 ill fllJllt Ill fill 1j Il VI1ltlJ I111 Vll M 1 l ttY j lJ 1i111lJ Ul lJ IIU 111 llH II IlLUltl1l
ltV v d ltr d 3R8plusmn32 flilJ fl11lJfl11lm1l6tUltlIJ 49plusmnO2 llUl1ItlJIl Ull1J11lJIJ11mI1lltUlllJ 53plusmnO2
bull tI bull
1IfW~tlJi1Ij 1i1WI1VitnJl~1(J61H1i littYllJ1i111iiugiiIJU 11llllMtlflIIInJ 281plusmn26 fl~lJ f111lJfl ~H d lo cl ltV
milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
Itlv191W~hl 2 1gt1fl1HlltlltH 1i1WU1Htlfllfll~h (y) ~lU1W 60 ii iUU111tlflIJtHluJ~h (x) iiflllJ
~ ~ ~ 2 i oJlllJflUfiIgt1ltYlJflli y= L5452x+40918 R = 05058 ttY U~lJ1l9
40
35
30 TI S 25 rsect c 20 j 15
F 10
5
0
0
rbull y~ LS4S2+40918
R~ OSOSS 6
255 15 201deg - m ~ U1~lifitU 11 (nn)
22
_I 11 1 Iflln1J1UHu1~fl11U0~lm1l11J11IUlu~
- r QJ r
1l [)tll6~61flU1l~m~IVlim~illl bull bull Sf
ntlVi6gmffl1II11l1U~tl1l~01ffJil~lJ1mlllhfd6UlhfUUhhl1l~hiT~Il1l6~lI~S VllJ
1J~1ruthtllti~IJ6~lhflll6~Viihiliif)i1f)Wru~U11tl ihmmJflJlJ lftl ~UlJiii6 illfl t1113 l1lJlIlI~ f bulllfl~flH )j61J61ffl6~ltlU1llllJYltI~6~U lUlId1UU11m~lJflIJtllJ1111Vl~lJtlrll1h 1161JntJ~mlll ~Vi
~I d ~ I ok d de x l q IIGI
lIlllJIJ1 Im~f)tl1JlI1IJln~mf) IJ~ 11ilfJ l 1mllUl~mfnJtl 1 lJtllJ1lJtlVltJ~tlIilVl11l11llll~milfI~
1IgtIgtllIlI1tlqt1f1lll11~ lilll1Jtl1uVl1J11lmtlmlltnil~u lJ1~U 11 fl6~fl~il~timhwf)~ltltIlJ flf1~16fllt1f)WtUII6~)j1~ (2543) i1V~ltlhIll1ml9itldlfll1ltl1II1Vi61fffJ6yitlU1niillJ Umli~VllJhv
tl1~1lJ1ltlutiuliim~llllitlutlftUillffVilrJltlll1~fl ImNutaphand (1979) 11l~ltjhlllll11fJ 9i tl1l fl11 tltfll1Vi111l1fll flqtyWtl i fllfll1J1nru111fUuihu1l11ti~1lll6~U1iTflVi~fllt1f)W ru~1 flll1J
nh1lfl
mUVljmlfJIJ6~(lhll1l~lu1Jgtlltli~111gt1t1~lI Vl1JlUvn~ f1l16~lIJ ltllI~~ lit6~ ~ 1flflll6~ ll~ ~ djltlflll6~YiiiIJtl1ll 11t)) ii~tlU1j) lflij~111llgtl1~lIl1~i~111~WV1~tll~iimlllll11lJ1flflh
A d lt) a a lt) ~ I A 5ff 0 d 1lll6~6t1 1 VllJUVl1llllllJlIlI~ ll11JJlf1lItVl~m~llllJlIu1fltll tl6~1l1m1JtIllllJlIYI6~llflllm tI6fl
f1~6~fllJ11 IlU (2533) i 1l~1tlhtl Il ~1JtlVlU1II1l11l~ tll1JflVllJltVl1m iI1lllIflJ1l1tllJ11101IllflUl
_I ~I J I I d d d d I
f1M~Jl~~ lI~lJlf)tllf1l16~1Jlf)1Jl11 CJHl1JtJtIlIJ1l6lll6~f1l1lNlI~ illI~ l tlllll IVlJ~llfll1CJr~1l6~
bull q ~ t q gt ~ q ~ 1 =~ ~ltl1t1t1llVlJ1fl IUlliilJII1ll I1l~llltl1 Itlllll~lI~ 1fl~~qtyVltl1j Itliltl1fllll IIl1 IVl iiltl1llllU
y
(2525) ~d1nilWtl~1II1U1~ltlflll6~lI~~ 6Jl~ il tI~lI tl11Jl~mlmllJWtl~llli1lllU~tll1J~ 1~Ilftl
fltI f11i ~11II1llUlii11 tia 6 d~f1 Jl )~ Jl ~ 6l ~lii6~1J 1~1fl lJ I 101filla~ lI ~~~I1JUl11 ci~ 61flVIJ 6~ 11111 VI j1
)jij~ih lWtJ~I tlVluiiUtlOafl14YU lBffll11J iUlJ11tlfllit6IillIlilUfltl 611 1m1~lrii6 dtifl1l6~lI~
~lIll1I lf~1nm1lJ~61111111ilUtfll1~n61~iiU~~i1Jl1ll111lV~tll1l 1~1Il(t1ci6lm~~flll6~1l~Ih I riiilllJiiu~l1JIlfUflU
~ ~ J2 llflllruYIWlfllVIU1
~flllru~l111 bull
~1f) f111 VI fl 1l 6~VllJ1111i llll uliitll1l~ l1ltllIll1lh~fl fl1 ~ 6~ II~~ (terrapin)
IItl1llltltj) lt1f)llrul~lnlt)1111Nl~6fltl~lm~11l 11111Ulijl~lJ~ltl1tl 5 ~lJ ff1UlJ111lt1~ii 4 y
~lJ IVlflliifJIlJlJtJ1fl illqiViqflii1i111Ufl 202 fill1fl1lJ fI11lJfl~1~mflN 484 CJrtl~lJm m111U11
bull bull
bull bull
23
~llll1lltl~(Jl~hlllJflmHlJIJ(Jliiu1 ihrfllJmIhhJtiltJ lJlhtltlfl 17 il1tlflilJ fl11lJJl1mIlB~~6~ 58
lIlligtilJ~1 fl11lJm1m~B~mj~ 60 lIll~llJm fl1~1I6~l1a~lJilnlibull fl11lJll~fl~H1Vlfl
mllJl~fl~l~~ 11h~lllfl~ lmJ~lldJlI 9l11~lJ1JlllfllJliiUIl1111l1flhllff~ mi~ ~ ~ ~ P I~middot ~ middot1 1fl~~llltltI1ll1fl11llflrjn flll m1 fltllJfl111l1lJ I U m1I6~11n~mmll lJtlllllJnfl] IJUUNU m IlIH
~ P _f d ~ 131 ltjI d P 1 l I II 4
U (J UlJ lfl m lltH Ill U 1l6~jjfl ~ lJ UNll Vl6~l U66fllJlU 1~ll6fllI flU 61lliN 11 mIlB~UYIn W-IU IlJ lJmll y
lJfl Ulffnlltf1Ul1 1lJlhhnn tJlmmjlJU1lIJtJlfllJffll1ii6~61lU iJff1l 1li~11JlliUIllff~ tf1jJ111~I~fl (Vlt$ltu j1 4 1$1
jjUfl11llfl~ Yl11lJ1lIllfllmII(J~mNlJlIflIJ1l1ll1ll 3 llflIJ ~flltl1~ 1 UOIJ lY1UUl~mII1l~Ul~tl ~ 1 n -l1 lflIJ ltllU1lIJm1i16~lJllflIJltllJllU1 fl~U1l~mliljH 1il1l16IJ lJUUllillllflfl111VlflllW lllJflll1l1
lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
mIl(J~l1n~iiltl1lJrmilllthU111~~IWlJl1fl111l1flliitJ 1lJnh~1I1iwli6~rUthlJflUlfljJ111~lJlflflh bull
lllflllJfJ
11 tiII~flUthtlfl~lUlt1jlJ lt111~16flaflll mUltJ ~l1~ (2543) mi1111111~lJe~ lYi1lllfl~ 11 lvi111 lI11JUiJfllJ
IJUllilfJTlflil ii1flUI11~il1tYfl111lnillYI111e~i U 91111l1ti ~tleU1tJ m~111~lJ lflfl111YillllflliJlJ li~il~
lYlBlt1fl1fliUfl11NlYlJliili mllJfflJIiU11iHfl11lJfr)11mIIBltlUnlll11UflIJltJ~vl61iUi CW =
VI(J ~fffl1lJ I HUVIB~l[JIJllYlJ6flU il tl Bli1li~lH U fl1 fl6~lJtllJUIJ flllHU fl1 flltJ~rllll1 U
bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
IiUi cw = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 Utlfl11lJfflJlitJ1111lt1fl11lJ[Jl1m1i16~ltllill1t1fl
~ ~ VIq~fl1j lJmHlfflJI1tJ1j
YiltllfJ~U~~flfflJlitJiflU~~mm1Ultl~mmfiU j~I11HliieUlmfllJii~~Utieu
itJ11fllJ NfflJliuititJUJ1~jiiIJJliifl 300 lllU~lJ~j lYilI1fl~jUl~~ 4 -1i1~lmm~fHI1iltI IJ ll~1111llflljj fJ I~hnllJ~U~ IillllU lli1~ iJiifflJtlltJ U lt1I1lt1)e 11)11li fI fflJlitJiflU111fliilff IJ~ j IJfl1U 11 tl~ ~lflfllt1lJIiU(1111llflljjfJlI~IJJlI461~mfJ1UI~eNlYlJ flU1Ii Ulil11~1~fIJ fl1~NtlJliuin~I~IJJl 14e1~l1ti1~hiNfflJIiUifllJlYi1Vlfl~ fl lilIi1fllllUlIil~U1tJBdIJllUfll~m16~ titJ tilVlvleliUiHlt1lJ
J1Vfl tB~fltiltJ~fllJfiffiJJltlflm (2529) fl~11h11NtlJIiUiflU~1I1Hlii6UflUlJ1fJuii~KtJl~ltJU
bullbull bull
bull bull
24
VId1ulUfhj~tJ1Fl1f1fitJui11t1hmll~~JlJl11J ~1ullinlll 2100 - 0400 U1Wf11 Mti~~lmfutlljlllil1 flmUll~lh1I ~1U1111iii~~ulli 5-18 VItJ1 ~lflf11~VIllllfl11iiJulljVluiIIli11nJ9iUlnll~1tJtJ1M11ltfl
f111V1fllfl1~ 1 il-iJ91gt1f1111HIi 571111tl11oilU~ UIIdjjli~lU1U 83 WN ilfl1Ilillltl1~ 2 iiall~l fll1mW 429 11ltl11oiluli lll~ii~lU111Ii 53 VItl~ U1JlilijjjJlm1fl 470-588 flill fl11lJfl~H 38shy
42 llfU~lJ91 fl111Wl1 65-68 lfU~llJfll
l1fl1lWUtl1 Ii
fl1lW~ lilllilll1lJ91UI1lil1l1111IhtiuIllll flllVItH ffUl1fltlltJIinlll1lfttlf1 Ii ~1UU 111
~ d~ j dy UUfl1911ll1IJlllllJllllflf111 II1l1f)1 ~ fJ11J1I1fl1ltJJ
69111flU1lBtYUii1IllflllVlfl
Iillilll1tJ9iunilVlmnU~1~nll1 88-99111 ~tjwMSJil268-318 HfIlllfllllli1l1j IIll
11 Jj ~ _ ~ 1 ~ f 7 fl11lJlIU lt1 lJj VI I 802-903 1JtllllfUIII UlllllV1 ~lflUlJjU1jll1llJ1~nltllM1lflflllV1fllltlUl 1 1Ill
lflflllV1fllltl1~ 2 iiall11flllVlmlJulll 458 1Ill~ 415 l1Ifllollu1 1II1lJlh~lJ tUflflWllfllltl1~ 1 mj
I1li11llYlfl~1111U 2 all illflflllV1lllfl1~ 2 Illl9hiJJVlfl~lU1U 1 ull tl1~Iatl~~lflflllhililJli11fl 1fllJiJ1Iilfl11111ilm111hh~fllJ1$iilJfl11mVIlJm~ltlflu Jm~liiU1J1i1111lIl1flllliitJ 308plusmn32
flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
VIilllfl~ lliI~11tJ1MllVi1HllflllllVluilllilll11J~Ulnilli~ 2 WI iliiifllllitl6111llflllVlmnllIll1I1liVllli
WllllltJ~ 111l1l viii1J~~1IJfl lM11141flYlllfiflJt1I1lJIl ~~jj11ll1illJ6~lfl11 iiallll1 fl11 Vl fll1]lJ ~11fltllfltJ1
Qt teldQ
fllJtl1M 11 VIlJ 111l1lJllfl l~fl11
fl11V1fllltJ1fffl1l1flll lJN11ll1ilu illiafll 1 11 ~ ulJ fl~11li11l1119iU l1lfl j1Jli1fl 1M 11~1IIllflullVlui bull
IlliltlllJfilllilfl1 2 lflf11~Illll~1 itliillllllifla91l1f111111 i uUll69111fll7Vlfl
1 rmfffl1l1fl-J~ihilu f1111jlVlU 1i~ii ~IlH1J1J7lnlJ 111m ullilVlfllu UtlflU fl11iif1Ufffllol1 ~ _ i 1middotmiddot 4 -l ~ ~ JiIf111U1U 1Jnfl Ufl1lllJ~flU L~U flll~1 nlJ M1mmfl~nfl UVIifllJ1Hlm1JiJlJ~WMlJlJllmllJ~Il
11
25
~ p ~ ~ ~ ~ bullbull ~ ~ ~ 111111111 U mtl~ulfJll 2539 fltlll1Jltlfl1lmfl~Un6pflll IlU ~1nVllnlltHu Vll 1VlV fl1N1Iljl flll
I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
rIUU lyj~I ljtJIli1t1 lIl1UVll nlllti Ilfl1lflW1Ul11 Itti nl1iJ Itfl~ti~U 2529 flllffml1lifv~ jIJ ~ I ~I
1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
lily ~ tI 4 It ltvIt t1IJlI lt111lJlJTUlII1 un 1lm vgWUIJ1t1 2525 l4tim1dl11IJUtiffVlJrl111l4UljlfllU1IJfI U
flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
1L1ilU ljfloWU( 2533 vhM111f1~ ~Tillt1~Ui1f1ifvl1Jll1iJflllitl~rl1U~11J1JlflUVllnfl ffl1llUIJ
i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
d tI~ ltI ~ 11gt ~ 1i(1lJti rllllt11~f VUUIlI rJllmiddotHlI~f 1i(Iln lllJUJllI1lI un mlln JfllJflW1U1Vl 2533 fllll1fllll
I
fl111J li1u1 U 1 ~1J flll1fi11ll1iiu61~Vlri1Jfl111J1lIflllfll 11lvhun61ll111ltlfl IIfl~1fl~lmm1J
11U~11Jfllff1J1JU11Jjlfl11Ugt~ltl2533 m1JU11H mYl 739-745~ hUfl~lUlrI~1Jflfl~flfllimjrullv~lfl~ 2543 lhiuumVlI1VlU dlUflllUtI~1Jfffl~IVmiflpoundjrullltl~ =OIV 4 d $1
lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
~ bull ~ q 1Iffl1UU tn1J1Vl1l~ 1Iti fll1il 1ilfj1JllI 2537 flIJIJ1I1UflII111tiIIIl1mlllIJ tU1JlVlf Vl(J 1Urll
~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
11
IHlil ~ III1~ v
ltl1i 4 iTn~~UlliltlIII1il~Ill~ilJW1lu~mYU III1~IINiiJW1iltllmlioll
12
123 fl11lJnlJWjn1Wi1~fl11lJfr)1~mfIHUtlI1111rfl f111lJVl1mflU~IUI1111rfl
lhtl1JillJL1l~lmlllfl~ihfl11rf111rmil~V 63plusmn14 fntlflflJ mllJfl1l~mOlU~ l11~tJ 312plusmn211lfUilll1fl~ fl1111Vl1fll~J~il~V 343plusmn261lfU~lJfl1 f111mYlJl~Un111h~fI11lJfl11~ m~U~UtlI11lfrflUtl~IltlilJi CW = 14226W+2216 R2 = 07295 l1lf11111fflJiun~wh~
fI11lJll1mf1~NUllUl11rflU1l~Iluiui CL = 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 lfffl~1lJ~tlVl 5
CL= 16962W 23474
R ~ 06247
60
50
40
30
~ 20 CW = 14226W 2216iij
RZ = 0729510
o
0 5 10 15 20 llnninlltnI i(nn
IILWmJJviiUl11rflmnV 154plusmn17 1111lflflJ f111lJfl11~mOlU~illlJ 432plusmn22
lIIUilLlJfl~ fI11lJV11mf1U~III~V 467plusmn17 IIU~lJfl~ tl11lJnlJiu1i~11h~fI11lJfl1NmOltHUll h1rflUNlli~ui CW = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 1I11mllJfflJiut1111h~f111lJVl1
w w 2 q _-ltmOllNUllUl11UflUNlllJIIUlj CL = 07377W+35368 R = 05489 lffOl~ Ullll16
ON 07377x +3536860
R~ 05489
- 50 ~8 ~ 40 ~
~
30 ~
05974 c 20 ~ 10
0
250 5 10 15 20
13
Vlqiim11J f) 11 Nifllfil-liU1lf) 1 n1~ Ii
I AS ~ d ltV j-v a I~ 11l1et~I-I nm Il I~~
d ll1tJ NifllVll-l Ij f)I-I Il~ f) 11H11-1U1l ~ f) 1114111-1 j If114IHJUIImfllJ
d fH
ijI-Iiii61-1nl-l11f1ll1~tJNiflJfiWifiu1uU1limiddotmllJU1i1f) 30-40 l1WiilllW lY1IVli~11tJ11n1-6lJ lt] 1i1 -= _I I 0 q I l ltV J 0 aI I IVli1llJIJHcrlUl1lJlf)VlWI-I 11fflVlillltJ lJNfl1461lf1 1l111111lJf) 1~64IJH1I1~1U1lmII64if11-1 f)UlJ6~ a~1 $ ~ li i w1
l~lVlIflJlJ ll1111lJlJll 30 U11lil4IJI-IfI6lJIVlIflJlI lIIJlIH 4 IINfllf)jilIHtI1I~IJHIII1VlIfIJJII
HlIlHy1 2 ltilmllJ~lJalJ f)j11 a4~l1-1r11l164IVllfliiIJUt11~I6f)IIlJ1ntll1hm16IJ64~mw ff11-1111i iii ~ bull
lilIJ611iJ 4 i 1-1 U 1 Hlti4 ~ 1mlIUllIf~ifV gt111 1l 11JH NIy 1 MH NIVllflilmYi JifJ~611J1ltilNiflJW inULVli
MA ltv d f t 11 ltQ
IlJlJ IlJJ if61lJ11J1lI1ifl-ll1INIllVlIflJJJ~1I1lJ1tl1 5middot10 W1Yl ~lf)I-I WVl1lVll-lllL1lUlJVlUIj If 1-1
tI lti4lti11f 1flW 1M~J111 VliV4i16~iiillnl-l J1111 lJltl1 5 mli4UIJt11l6t1i)1 t1nU61tl1i1~ii timltll111 W vi1lltlJ1l4111l II 1111-11I1l1JUNf) ~14 fit 1 tJ~iilllcenthIi1mh4lI64J1Jil~4~ t1 lt] Jggt1H
bull JJ
t1m4 2 ~4 VllJ11i1Ul~1l iflll1~1-1 IIf1lJJf)lJl il1f)ff11-11JIf ti~ilt1NfflJI-lifil-llff~ il )rtJ1Vli9i1~H ljgt1
66t1 ~lfla1111 IVl If~uiJ IJ fft1 fIi4If gt1lhjh I1I6yi1-1 li64IJ1l41hl-lt1 NIH iJ6W~lJ lI W 111IJJ 461tJ1tf1f
JI w dr dIJ11111lJltll 5-8 ll1UIlUlJm t11NlhlJ1tl1 8-10 ll1UllllJ~1 t11141)1f)NiflJIIW~1gt11111j1llJtIiJlf)lJI-I1 ~ ~ w d ~w w ltI d J w ltlw
llfU nmet I-IIVl6Nilllt1lJ IIJ UllIAll 11l1lJfll1NiflJVll-lljU1lt1lJU11l1lIJUr11iJ IlJNiflJIil-lljf1tMllllii
iQ J w ~ w ltI aK 1 bull 9 ~ ~~6f) If 1t1ill1t11 IfIjV4illtHfl1~NfflJVlUlj1lmllJt~1 ~f11ll1-11UlJU blJ6~lJW111ftVlnJVl1 ~ t1 111 1111 IlJ
ff1lJ11(lNfflJU~fltUutifi11 yj1lui~U4H1Ltiuihhlll-l~V4hll~flJfl11NiflJuili41lNfflJ lui1l111
a III I~I i1 4t OJ dl fit ai~1 I 1 ti d
H lti4 ~ 1fl1ltili 1 I IiflJt111IlUlJuill~ lJltll 1 1~1)lj Utili 11~lJ~UlJ1dn 1~11lilll11J 11flH 111H114114 I lIu 1 lJltll gt11-1 1gt16 W litl11f1lJ fl4ll m 1 rllJ1JI-I l14Yl H tI H Ijll illf) IlJ 1ft 111lllJfl1111 Yl 1J
111111t11 gt1 Vlnetui1i114 I Ii mit~11lfI llltljtllJl11~1 lilJUH 1ft Yl11t11U~UVi lllfl1iR1luolNWI-IU1l
v bullbull bull
1~lJlJff4lJ t~II9imn 2100 bull 0400 1-1 li1~IlIUq~I1i~1114 Iili14IilU4IViJ4IliU 1~lii1ltl1l1tJql11~Ii 1U11il11411il1n4iitl4flW lii6111hi1ii6f)~~114Ili1~UtJ1-11IJ111 n411~ 2 ~-NI~~tIIltJillfl111~lU
t1lti4 iimjtllfffiJ1~f)1llJl1N~1t1lh9i1111lJ11ll 3-5 LlJill m1lliit11l6~HllJlIlJlll 3060 1l11-~llJm ~ ~ ~J l ~ 1 I 1 ~r111llt1JN 20-40 lfU~llJVl1 Illllilllt1WifUIIU1l41fllllCl114lI fttJJt1tltlIJUlllflU6t1U1l1u1lWIl
II
6l t1lJl IJ IllvhN 11i I~11)iiUU1Iii U f166 t1ll lHri61~ IHIYi1llhfJH ril iiUinrIiill f1 lJl tlIfitI 11 llJ
w ~ ~_ ~~I i w1lf)lJtlII~lJ~UUrllJ1lIDIJ~ Ii6ill6~fl1 11IUUIIllt1lJtltlll1t)lJ ~1 ~4mlJl UfI11i1f1lIUil1
lJfi~tl Illi 1 litfi1H1Ii lif~ iJUU-iliJ1~lJmli4~tlYl11J1I~f11llJ1I1t111llJJum T4iJfl II~mJflU 1-Nmt iI bull
Ufl muIf)1I1t111ljll 1tl~1JIlUiJfttl1t11flll J1fltiWUtili1iJI~rl1lJ111111 lt] tlt1f1f~1~Uin~ihfl~6t1 II JI
fl1~t1 lJ 1 H Ii l1il~ J 1fltiuUUlh~fl1I1U 1l ~Ul 111 Illt1N1lt1l1 VI ill1lfi4VllJ11UUI~h1141lin4iYU
~11l1t1 14 gt11
bull bull bull
14
I lt14 d ltaJ jI d ff1UlyenllUJ1JllUTWUfl1HW 158plusmn17 f11nmll ml11f111~f11~ilfJ~tmW 433plusmn2A 1lfUillllil~ Wl111Vl1
m~ilfJ~m~J 469plusmn15 llfU~tuil~ UlivtUlj1Ht 8 ijlFl 14 tilInFlTm~tli 571 lltlfo1u~ ii
~Ii~1U1U 83 vlfJ~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jm~U lOAplusmn43 vlfJ~I1llnJlfil~tltl1111illijUti lyenlff~ihilWiJfl~~J
lIUiiilJl lllffiilJlhhl1ilFl~liu 15Ot17 filnflill ml11f1~mmiltl~mli1J 431plusmn21 lf1J~llJil~
mllJm1m~ilfJ~m~1J 466plusmn19 IfUlIllJII1 llliwUim11i 6 ) IllFl 14 11 tiil~1f11111~H 429
lltlflltUli mli~1U1U 53 vltl~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jIil~1J 88plusmn29 vltl~I1tlltl 8ilnFl1~VlFlllUIi1tm~8nFl1gt 9 ~ W 1 wi0ltlilllJ ~f111tfllJ~Fl1JmlW 458 lfl~ 415 1JtllllfU9l 1l1lJ1IlillJ Ui1iH U1lln~Il I IfI~ 2
lt lti j0
IV V I Illr I II t ~ ~IV M ~ IV I o1i d JJ 2 1l11Htl1 UlllUn frlmn114 m~fi11~lJnm~~J~IJJ~WJUtlWU~ lI1~1mml111 Il ~lU1U lJUll~J1l11m~1lf1lIUil1IJJ~9111nIJllUlI~VII11tl1111t1
1ltV1111111lllJlllmUJ
~ ~
W3WUi UJWUi UltIUI1 fI~l~ ~1l 1l111un fI~l~ 61l l1~~Ii 11ufi3ull ~lU1U llmiluii1 tmllfl 1u~1Ju1J 1~lJLlf1 ~lUll
(l1fl) (lIlJ) (Ji1l) (11fl) (lIlJ) (Jill) ~l1~1i Ii (WtH) (iil) () ~llfl (1u) ll1ii3nl~
iluiil (iil)
90 348 370 170 451 485 1112141 15 10 667 191342 98 10
84 340 370 155 425 460 II 1312141 5 5 1000 201342 97 5
54 292 316 158 428 464 22112141 9 4 444 28342 96 4
40 272 300 160 440 465 II 22112141 7 0 0
42 284 300 160 445 475 X ~
50 300 320 165 446 482 II 2411241 10 2 200 28342 94 2 (J1
70 338 364 132 390 444 X
52 308 328 145 420 463 X
62 316 346 140 392 468 X
54 294 320 202 484 505 II 3012141 18 10 555 21442 93 10
62 320 368 146 422 457 X
86 330 389 162 439 470 II 61142 8 0 0
72 320 361 150 430 450 X
54 301 324 164 450 475 121142 11 7 636 10442 88 7
62plusmn16 31plusmn23 341plusmn29 158plusmn7 433plusmn24 469plusmnJ5 lOAplusmn43 458 943plusmn36
1llJ 8 iil 83 wtH 38ii1 38 iil
c ~ ~
1ij1i1N 2 Jli1iln mllJf1~N Uflm1lJU11m~~ll~lJll~rlmlJI1lJi Jb~nfl1f1U1Ni~~llJ1lJ~Itfl69111f111V1ntlllJ~1IJ1l111mU~lJdl~~Miu1~middotm 1llHlJbJn~1J1miJlJfl
~ ~ Il~IlU~ ttlll1Ull
bull11lH1Jn n~l~ nll Jnnlfl 111~ ~ll 11~H 1u1~U1J ~U1U YlnJilu~1 iJil1JQf1 1UI~U1J jtJn~l ~U1U
(1m) (Ill) (lflJ) (lflJ) (lflJ) ~H1~ l~ (IN) (~1) () ~Ylf1 (1U) 1i~lJ16~
lriU111 (~1)
90 358 380 164 432 469 91214 7 2 286 1813142 99 2
76 326 354 122 390 441 x 73 324 355 160 453 490 13112141 6 4 667 201342 97 4
46 283 300 170 445 475 18112141 11 5 455 2313142 95 5
46 280 308 170 458 497 25112141 10 5 500 2913142 94 5 ~
50 300 320 144 417 445 x 70 328 370 142 44S 475 x 62 314 350 172 440 488 211142 13 6 462 114142 89 6
54 301 330 130 410 453 X
50 296 304 156 446 460 X
67 320 352 164 420 455 911142 6 o o o ~
66 325 366 132 404 442 x 74 320 360 144 434 449 X
66 299 367 130 450 480 X
64plusmn13 313plusmn20 344plusmn26 IS0plusmn17 43lplusmn2i 466plusmn19 S8plusmn29 41S 948plusmn38
11lJ 6111 5314H 22)l 22)1
bull bull
bull bullbull
17
mliWl1llJ1N1j~~W1IJVi 9 iIJ11fllJ 2541 ~lJg~1IJVi 12 lJml1llJ 2542 1j1~1ltn1J
~IJ 1lfl1J11iI lb flIJ ltfllWJ flyj ~H ffll11fllilUj l~flUWiilllJ1flgflfl hlifhJf11jlJ1~11iijllflMru tniSlJlfl
fl111liillWlfllgflflh 1jdlfl IJ~flfl1~VIflmHVi 1 1m 2 IIlJlf)11illltnlflliIlV 529plusmn36 flilJ fl11lJ
fl1HmgJ 4QplusmnO1 l1IJilllJltfll fl11lJtJ11mgu 66plusmnO11l1IJilllJltfl1 1lJll11iflli~V 524plusmn21 flllJ fl1111
fl1l~Ii~V 40plusmnO1 1l1IJ~lJfll ml11Ul1m~1J 67plusmn01 l1IJ~lJltfl1lI1lJ-i1~U lJtjVJflyjl)~IlZiJyjl)~ 1)1f11ft1lI)IJI)~UIllJI)~lI1f11fl1vlIJ1lllltlilJl1~ rll)~~ iJli1mru 24 ~i1l~ IIMll1f11Il1VlJIl~~W1 IflfllIJ ~ timiii~i1rll)IJ ~iUfl11IlfflJvflilflfl1Jllifhlflj liitnl1lJliwliatlfl jiflJ qUl11~1IJh~lgfl
ltlJ jll11 hjlt~~~1fhIJlifl~~~(raquo1gfllI)fJilui11~lJtiI)WflliltJli1~1IVIl)fl iIJ Ilflfl1JVIfllltN~ 1
mjl~h liVlmlTll1IJ 2 UU 1IJ~flfl11V1fl1ll~~ 2 UUIWlUYlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 UU 1IJllflfl11V1flIHI~~ 1 Uti11i1 tiYlfl~TIl1IJ 2uU 1IJ~flfl11V1flntNVi 2 util~huVlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 uti Illl11iflllI)~HI~l (y) Vi)~1f1fl11
1Hjlll~til1IJili~ 2 lflfl11V101ntl~ ~11l1IJ 14 mi 5111 136 vltN il111111fflJI1mlilllJltflHfltlthmXfI
4 ltl 2 i _I dIJl~llJIIW1j (x) 0l1lJfflJfl11fltJ y = L8773x+21682 R = 06008 IIffVil~ lJllJrl 7 unOll1HVI 34
80
60 ~ ~ -~ c 40
r y ~ 1amp113x + 2l682
~i 20 R =06008
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IllH IlmhlIJl(nn)
ltili 7 fl11lJUlJI1m11wiwihmrfl Ii I~ lflIJIllt11ifllUMlJtlfil11ltJ~hHlJfl
ltC lt
I ll
(11m~J 3 U11~1lit~mftUU1~lm~lliwml)0illO1li U)~Ull~uiYil1l1ft)~~J~~w~mmlll~lJ1nlJU~ tllq 1 1U
~ UlJI1tl1j 1li1~1 f1l1ll1
bullbull ~ bullbull ~ bullbull ~ tllWWO O~H em Ul11Ufl O~l~ 1111 IllllUfl fl1H fin
(00) ( lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ)
170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
OJ
164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
IllftfJ 167plusmn15 445plusmn18 476plusmn15 529plusmn36 40plusmn01 66plusmn01 308plusmn32 49+02 53+02
~
eo ~
bull JO
mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
~ UlJWWl i~~l )111911bull
~bull bullbull bull~
Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
iliVJft
48+02
1liVJft
5lplusmnO3
co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
~lU1llilh (y) ~i~mf1fl1j1Nl~IJJ~1iilfli~ 2 l~flWIlIltJ~ tllflUlli91l 14 u1i bull
11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
()
E
20
~ ~ gt ~
i ~
15
10
5
0
y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
~tlll 8 f11111fflJilJlhI1h~hlJ1U 1lil~ ltiull1In1flu1iilJ (WiTiltlftlJl1l1l
jmlhi1flVJfl~lflllii~I~1lJil18 jjUlfllJ 10 lJlIlJlJ 2542 l~lmiddotn 88-99 llJ iI Q A IV ltI Iq
flrulUl1l 268-318 J~flWllmlflff f1111lIJUirlJIfIl1l 802-903 I1JVWlIlJllI (911jl~Il 5)
~ln~1l5 Jml1tliJIIv~IlnJ (Oe) lif111lJnfl 30 lIil~llJ91j 1l1lf1111JiilJirlJill1i() ilJUJYiflill~l ~
I J tV ~ lVitll llml1JlJ
~
(0C) f111lJlfIJ 1JIlllll()
Iifl 268 903
lJfl 282 830
fl Il 305 850 d
1111 306 802
Ill 318 894
llUlI) 296 plusmn20 856 plusmn43
bull bull bull
21
I II Q 4s T r t II I gt1 ~I ltltftill fl1WVIl~lJtJ~ IJUIltYtlHlllVWWVlfllJ1lgiraquo1Hm~tHVIl~HffjVI 3 Ill 4 UlJ1tl1 5-10 1W tJIi~~UI11Jtl tmt1lJOWllTI111 ~f1~hiiWf1~U~1imJ ] mi1IlltliMHhllgtlll ~luwifii~uj
(keel) gt~ll~uU11tf~ iltllim~l~mitlFluulfliim~llHn~uNuIll~lJ mIll~U~nmmiii bull
ll1vihllllltjjlJ~lU1U 3 ItfJU f1lUU1flllHraquoltl~ IllfJU tU11l1l ]ll 1 UfJU Ul1Im1l6l~WllUii laquo4 I I 013 II d II d d QIe l d J 1n14 d ll~1~fl11ll1Uraquo1ltltl flUl IJ tltlUUI1ltllJ1lJ VItHllUl1f1llJ U1HUltmmHU il1tl1tHUl tltlllUU t lJlItflltlgt
t~ml1l(J HlllJl11J-lJlm 08 tlfU9IllJl1Ii
I bull ltII II dl II ltto laquo4 At ltII d ~ fl1111 ill fllJllt Ill fill 1j Il VI1ltlJ I111 Vll M 1 l ttY j lJ 1i111lJ Ul lJ IIU 111 llH II IlLUltl1l
ltV v d ltr d 3R8plusmn32 flilJ fl11lJfl11lm1l6tUltlIJ 49plusmnO2 llUl1ItlJIl Ull1J11lJIJ11mI1lltUlllJ 53plusmnO2
bull tI bull
1IfW~tlJi1Ij 1i1WI1VitnJl~1(J61H1i littYllJ1i111iiugiiIJU 11llllMtlflIIInJ 281plusmn26 fl~lJ f111lJfl ~H d lo cl ltV
milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
Itlv191W~hl 2 1gt1fl1HlltlltH 1i1WU1Htlfllfll~h (y) ~lU1W 60 ii iUU111tlflIJtHluJ~h (x) iiflllJ
~ ~ ~ 2 i oJlllJflUfiIgt1ltYlJflli y= L5452x+40918 R = 05058 ttY U~lJ1l9
40
35
30 TI S 25 rsect c 20 j 15
F 10
5
0
0
rbull y~ LS4S2+40918
R~ OSOSS 6
255 15 201deg - m ~ U1~lifitU 11 (nn)
22
_I 11 1 Iflln1J1UHu1~fl11U0~lm1l11J11IUlu~
- r QJ r
1l [)tll6~61flU1l~m~IVlim~illl bull bull Sf
ntlVi6gmffl1II11l1U~tl1l~01ffJil~lJ1mlllhfd6UlhfUUhhl1l~hiT~Il1l6~lI~S VllJ
1J~1ruthtllti~IJ6~lhflll6~Viihiliif)i1f)Wru~U11tl ihmmJflJlJ lftl ~UlJiii6 illfl t1113 l1lJlIlI~ f bulllfl~flH )j61J61ffl6~ltlU1llllJYltI~6~U lUlId1UU11m~lJflIJtllJ1111Vl~lJtlrll1h 1161JntJ~mlll ~Vi
~I d ~ I ok d de x l q IIGI
lIlllJIJ1 Im~f)tl1JlI1IJln~mf) IJ~ 11ilfJ l 1mllUl~mfnJtl 1 lJtllJ1lJtlVltJ~tlIilVl11l11llll~milfI~
1IgtIgtllIlI1tlqt1f1lll11~ lilll1Jtl1uVl1J11lmtlmlltnil~u lJ1~U 11 fl6~fl~il~timhwf)~ltltIlJ flf1~16fllt1f)WtUII6~)j1~ (2543) i1V~ltlhIll1ml9itldlfll1ltl1II1Vi61fffJ6yitlU1niillJ Umli~VllJhv
tl1~1lJ1ltlutiuliim~llllitlutlftUillffVilrJltlll1~fl ImNutaphand (1979) 11l~ltjhlllll11fJ 9i tl1l fl11 tltfll1Vi111l1fll flqtyWtl i fllfll1J1nru111fUuihu1l11ti~1lll6~U1iTflVi~fllt1f)W ru~1 flll1J
nh1lfl
mUVljmlfJIJ6~(lhll1l~lu1Jgtlltli~111gt1t1~lI Vl1JlUvn~ f1l16~lIJ ltllI~~ lit6~ ~ 1flflll6~ ll~ ~ djltlflll6~YiiiIJtl1ll 11t)) ii~tlU1j) lflij~111llgtl1~lIl1~i~111~WV1~tll~iimlllll11lJ1flflh
A d lt) a a lt) ~ I A 5ff 0 d 1lll6~6t1 1 VllJUVl1llllllJlIlI~ ll11JJlf1lItVl~m~llllJlIu1fltll tl6~1l1m1JtIllllJlIYI6~llflllm tI6fl
f1~6~fllJ11 IlU (2533) i 1l~1tlhtl Il ~1JtlVlU1II1l11l~ tll1JflVllJltVl1m iI1lllIflJ1l1tllJ11101IllflUl
_I ~I J I I d d d d I
f1M~Jl~~ lI~lJlf)tllf1l16~1Jlf)1Jl11 CJHl1JtJtIlIJ1l6lll6~f1l1lNlI~ illI~ l tlllll IVlJ~llfll1CJr~1l6~
bull q ~ t q gt ~ q ~ 1 =~ ~ltl1t1t1llVlJ1fl IUlliilJII1ll I1l~llltl1 Itlllll~lI~ 1fl~~qtyVltl1j Itliltl1fllll IIl1 IVl iiltl1llllU
y
(2525) ~d1nilWtl~1II1U1~ltlflll6~lI~~ 6Jl~ il tI~lI tl11Jl~mlmllJWtl~llli1lllU~tll1J~ 1~Ilftl
fltI f11i ~11II1llUlii11 tia 6 d~f1 Jl )~ Jl ~ 6l ~lii6~1J 1~1fl lJ I 101filla~ lI ~~~I1JUl11 ci~ 61flVIJ 6~ 11111 VI j1
)jij~ih lWtJ~I tlVluiiUtlOafl14YU lBffll11J iUlJ11tlfllit6IillIlilUfltl 611 1m1~lrii6 dtifl1l6~lI~
~lIll1I lf~1nm1lJ~61111111ilUtfll1~n61~iiU~~i1Jl1ll111lV~tll1l 1~1Il(t1ci6lm~~flll6~1l~Ih I riiilllJiiu~l1JIlfUflU
~ ~ J2 llflllruYIWlfllVIU1
~flllru~l111 bull
~1f) f111 VI fl 1l 6~VllJ1111i llll uliitll1l~ l1ltllIll1lh~fl fl1 ~ 6~ II~~ (terrapin)
IItl1llltltj) lt1f)llrul~lnlt)1111Nl~6fltl~lm~11l 11111Ulijl~lJ~ltl1tl 5 ~lJ ff1UlJ111lt1~ii 4 y
~lJ IVlflliifJIlJlJtJ1fl illqiViqflii1i111Ufl 202 fill1fl1lJ fI11lJfl~1~mflN 484 CJrtl~lJm m111U11
bull bull
bull bull
23
~llll1lltl~(Jl~hlllJflmHlJIJ(Jliiu1 ihrfllJmIhhJtiltJ lJlhtltlfl 17 il1tlflilJ fl11lJJl1mIlB~~6~ 58
lIlligtilJ~1 fl11lJm1m~B~mj~ 60 lIll~llJm fl1~1I6~l1a~lJilnlibull fl11lJll~fl~H1Vlfl
mllJl~fl~l~~ 11h~lllfl~ lmJ~lldJlI 9l11~lJ1JlllfllJliiUIl1111l1flhllff~ mi~ ~ ~ ~ P I~middot ~ middot1 1fl~~llltltI1ll1fl11llflrjn flll m1 fltllJfl111l1lJ I U m1I6~11n~mmll lJtlllllJnfl] IJUUNU m IlIH
~ P _f d ~ 131 ltjI d P 1 l I II 4
U (J UlJ lfl m lltH Ill U 1l6~jjfl ~ lJ UNll Vl6~l U66fllJlU 1~ll6fllI flU 61lliN 11 mIlB~UYIn W-IU IlJ lJmll y
lJfl Ulffnlltf1Ul1 1lJlhhnn tJlmmjlJU1lIJtJlfllJffll1ii6~61lU iJff1l 1li~11JlliUIllff~ tf1jJ111~I~fl (Vlt$ltu j1 4 1$1
jjUfl11llfl~ Yl11lJ1lIllfllmII(J~mNlJlIflIJ1l1ll1ll 3 llflIJ ~flltl1~ 1 UOIJ lY1UUl~mII1l~Ul~tl ~ 1 n -l1 lflIJ ltllU1lIJm1i16~lJllflIJltllJllU1 fl~U1l~mliljH 1il1l16IJ lJUUllillllflfl111VlflllW lllJflll1l1
lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
mIl(J~l1n~iiltl1lJrmilllthU111~~IWlJl1fl111l1flliitJ 1lJnh~1I1iwli6~rUthlJflUlfljJ111~lJlflflh bull
lllflllJfJ
11 tiII~flUthtlfl~lUlt1jlJ lt111~16flaflll mUltJ ~l1~ (2543) mi1111111~lJe~ lYi1lllfl~ 11 lvi111 lI11JUiJfllJ
IJUllilfJTlflil ii1flUI11~il1tYfl111lnillYI111e~i U 91111l1ti ~tleU1tJ m~111~lJ lflfl111YillllflliJlJ li~il~
lYlBlt1fl1fliUfl11NlYlJliili mllJfflJIiU11iHfl11lJfr)11mIIBltlUnlll11UflIJltJ~vl61iUi CW =
VI(J ~fffl1lJ I HUVIB~l[JIJllYlJ6flU il tl Bli1li~lH U fl1 fl6~lJtllJUIJ flllHU fl1 flltJ~rllll1 U
bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
IiUi cw = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 Utlfl11lJfflJlitJ1111lt1fl11lJ[Jl1m1i16~ltllill1t1fl
~ ~ VIq~fl1j lJmHlfflJI1tJ1j
YiltllfJ~U~~flfflJlitJiflU~~mm1Ultl~mmfiU j~I11HliieUlmfllJii~~Utieu
itJ11fllJ NfflJliuititJUJ1~jiiIJJliifl 300 lllU~lJ~j lYilI1fl~jUl~~ 4 -1i1~lmm~fHI1iltI IJ ll~1111llflljj fJ I~hnllJ~U~ IillllU lli1~ iJiifflJtlltJ U lt1I1lt1)e 11)11li fI fflJlitJiflU111fliilff IJ~ j IJfl1U 11 tl~ ~lflfllt1lJIiU(1111llflljjfJlI~IJJlI461~mfJ1UI~eNlYlJ flU1Ii Ulil11~1~fIJ fl1~NtlJliuin~I~IJJl 14e1~l1ti1~hiNfflJIiUifllJlYi1Vlfl~ fl lilIi1fllllUlIil~U1tJBdIJllUfll~m16~ titJ tilVlvleliUiHlt1lJ
J1Vfl tB~fltiltJ~fllJfiffiJJltlflm (2529) fl~11h11NtlJIiUiflU~1I1Hlii6UflUlJ1fJuii~KtJl~ltJU
bullbull bull
bull bull
24
VId1ulUfhj~tJ1Fl1f1fitJui11t1hmll~~JlJl11J ~1ullinlll 2100 - 0400 U1Wf11 Mti~~lmfutlljlllil1 flmUll~lh1I ~1U1111iii~~ulli 5-18 VItJ1 ~lflf11~VIllllfl11iiJulljVluiIIli11nJ9iUlnll~1tJtJ1M11ltfl
f111V1fllfl1~ 1 il-iJ91gt1f1111HIi 571111tl11oilU~ UIIdjjli~lU1U 83 WN ilfl1Ilillltl1~ 2 iiall~l fll1mW 429 11ltl11oiluli lll~ii~lU111Ii 53 VItl~ U1JlilijjjJlm1fl 470-588 flill fl11lJfl~H 38shy
42 llfU~lJ91 fl111Wl1 65-68 lfU~llJfll
l1fl1lWUtl1 Ii
fl1lW~ lilllilll1lJ91UI1lil1l1111IhtiuIllll flllVItH ffUl1fltlltJIinlll1lfttlf1 Ii ~1UU 111
~ d~ j dy UUfl1911ll1IJlllllJllllflf111 II1l1f)1 ~ fJ11J1I1fl1ltJJ
69111flU1lBtYUii1IllflllVlfl
Iillilll1tJ9iunilVlmnU~1~nll1 88-99111 ~tjwMSJil268-318 HfIlllfllllli1l1j IIll
11 Jj ~ _ ~ 1 ~ f 7 fl11lJlIU lt1 lJj VI I 802-903 1JtllllfUIII UlllllV1 ~lflUlJjU1jll1llJ1~nltllM1lflflllV1fllltlUl 1 1Ill
lflflllV1fllltl1~ 2 iiall11flllVlmlJulll 458 1Ill~ 415 l1Ifllollu1 1II1lJlh~lJ tUflflWllfllltl1~ 1 mj
I1li11llYlfl~1111U 2 all illflflllV1lllfl1~ 2 Illl9hiJJVlfl~lU1U 1 ull tl1~Iatl~~lflflllhililJli11fl 1fllJiJ1Iilfl11111ilm111hh~fllJ1$iilJfl11mVIlJm~ltlflu Jm~liiU1J1i1111lIl1flllliitJ 308plusmn32
flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
VIilllfl~ lliI~11tJ1MllVi1HllflllllVluilllilll11J~Ulnilli~ 2 WI iliiifllllitl6111llflllVlmnllIll1I1liVllli
WllllltJ~ 111l1l viii1J~~1IJfl lM11141flYlllfiflJt1I1lJIl ~~jj11ll1illJ6~lfl11 iiallll1 fl11 Vl fll1]lJ ~11fltllfltJ1
Qt teldQ
fllJtl1M 11 VIlJ 111l1lJllfl l~fl11
fl11V1fllltJ1fffl1l1flll lJN11ll1ilu illiafll 1 11 ~ ulJ fl~11li11l1119iU l1lfl j1Jli1fl 1M 11~1IIllflullVlui bull
IlliltlllJfilllilfl1 2 lflf11~Illll~1 itliillllllifla91l1f111111 i uUll69111fll7Vlfl
1 rmfffl1l1fl-J~ihilu f1111jlVlU 1i~ii ~IlH1J1J7lnlJ 111m ullilVlfllu UtlflU fl11iif1Ufffllol1 ~ _ i 1middotmiddot 4 -l ~ ~ JiIf111U1U 1Jnfl Ufl1lllJ~flU L~U flll~1 nlJ M1mmfl~nfl UVIifllJ1Hlm1JiJlJ~WMlJlJllmllJ~Il
11
25
~ p ~ ~ ~ ~ bullbull ~ ~ ~ 111111111 U mtl~ulfJll 2539 fltlll1Jltlfl1lmfl~Un6pflll IlU ~1nVllnlltHu Vll 1VlV fl1N1Iljl flll
I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
rIUU lyj~I ljtJIli1t1 lIl1UVll nlllti Ilfl1lflW1Ul11 Itti nl1iJ Itfl~ti~U 2529 flllffml1lifv~ jIJ ~ I ~I
1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
lily ~ tI 4 It ltvIt t1IJlI lt111lJlJTUlII1 un 1lm vgWUIJ1t1 2525 l4tim1dl11IJUtiffVlJrl111l4UljlfllU1IJfI U
flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
1L1ilU ljfloWU( 2533 vhM111f1~ ~Tillt1~Ui1f1ifvl1Jll1iJflllitl~rl1U~11J1JlflUVllnfl ffl1llUIJ
i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
d tI~ ltI ~ 11gt ~ 1i(1lJti rllllt11~f VUUIlI rJllmiddotHlI~f 1i(Iln lllJUJllI1lI un mlln JfllJflW1U1Vl 2533 fllll1fllll
I
fl111J li1u1 U 1 ~1J flll1fi11ll1iiu61~Vlri1Jfl111J1lIflllfll 11lvhun61ll111ltlfl IIfl~1fl~lmm1J
11U~11Jfllff1J1JU11Jjlfl11Ugt~ltl2533 m1JU11H mYl 739-745~ hUfl~lUlrI~1Jflfl~flfllimjrullv~lfl~ 2543 lhiuumVlI1VlU dlUflllUtI~1Jfffl~IVmiflpoundjrullltl~ =OIV 4 d $1
lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
~ bull ~ q 1Iffl1UU tn1J1Vl1l~ 1Iti fll1il 1ilfj1JllI 2537 flIJIJ1I1UflII111tiIIIl1mlllIJ tU1JlVlf Vl(J 1Urll
~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
12
123 fl11lJnlJWjn1Wi1~fl11lJfr)1~mfIHUtlI1111rfl f111lJVl1mflU~IUI1111rfl
lhtl1JillJL1l~lmlllfl~ihfl11rf111rmil~V 63plusmn14 fntlflflJ mllJfl1l~mOlU~ l11~tJ 312plusmn211lfUilll1fl~ fl1111Vl1fll~J~il~V 343plusmn261lfU~lJfl1 f111mYlJl~Un111h~fI11lJfl11~ m~U~UtlI11lfrflUtl~IltlilJi CW = 14226W+2216 R2 = 07295 l1lf11111fflJiun~wh~
fI11lJll1mf1~NUllUl11rflU1l~Iluiui CL = 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 lfffl~1lJ~tlVl 5
CL= 16962W 23474
R ~ 06247
60
50
40
30
~ 20 CW = 14226W 2216iij
RZ = 0729510
o
0 5 10 15 20 llnninlltnI i(nn
IILWmJJviiUl11rflmnV 154plusmn17 1111lflflJ f111lJfl11~mOlU~illlJ 432plusmn22
lIIUilLlJfl~ fI11lJV11mf1U~III~V 467plusmn17 IIU~lJfl~ tl11lJnlJiu1i~11h~fI11lJfl1NmOltHUll h1rflUNlli~ui CW = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 1I11mllJfflJiut1111h~f111lJVl1
w w 2 q _-ltmOllNUllUl11UflUNlllJIIUlj CL = 07377W+35368 R = 05489 lffOl~ Ullll16
ON 07377x +3536860
R~ 05489
- 50 ~8 ~ 40 ~
~
30 ~
05974 c 20 ~ 10
0
250 5 10 15 20
13
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I AS ~ d ltV j-v a I~ 11l1et~I-I nm Il I~~
d ll1tJ NifllVll-l Ij f)I-I Il~ f) 11H11-1U1l ~ f) 1114111-1 j If114IHJUIImfllJ
d fH
ijI-Iiii61-1nl-l11f1ll1~tJNiflJfiWifiu1uU1limiddotmllJU1i1f) 30-40 l1WiilllW lY1IVli~11tJ11n1-6lJ lt] 1i1 -= _I I 0 q I l ltV J 0 aI I IVli1llJIJHcrlUl1lJlf)VlWI-I 11fflVlillltJ lJNfl1461lf1 1l111111lJf) 1~64IJH1I1~1U1lmII64if11-1 f)UlJ6~ a~1 $ ~ li i w1
l~lVlIflJlJ ll1111lJlJll 30 U11lil4IJI-IfI6lJIVlIflJlI lIIJlIH 4 IINfllf)jilIHtI1I~IJHIII1VlIfIJJII
HlIlHy1 2 ltilmllJ~lJalJ f)j11 a4~l1-1r11l164IVllfliiIJUt11~I6f)IIlJ1ntll1hm16IJ64~mw ff11-1111i iii ~ bull
lilIJ611iJ 4 i 1-1 U 1 Hlti4 ~ 1mlIUllIf~ifV gt111 1l 11JH NIy 1 MH NIVllflilmYi JifJ~611J1ltilNiflJW inULVli
MA ltv d f t 11 ltQ
IlJlJ IlJJ if61lJ11J1lI1ifl-ll1INIllVlIflJJJ~1I1lJ1tl1 5middot10 W1Yl ~lf)I-I WVl1lVll-lllL1lUlJVlUIj If 1-1
tI lti4lti11f 1flW 1M~J111 VliV4i16~iiillnl-l J1111 lJltl1 5 mli4UIJt11l6t1i)1 t1nU61tl1i1~ii timltll111 W vi1lltlJ1l4111l II 1111-11I1l1JUNf) ~14 fit 1 tJ~iilllcenthIi1mh4lI64J1Jil~4~ t1 lt] Jggt1H
bull JJ
t1m4 2 ~4 VllJ11i1Ul~1l iflll1~1-1 IIf1lJJf)lJl il1f)ff11-11JIf ti~ilt1NfflJI-lifil-llff~ il )rtJ1Vli9i1~H ljgt1
66t1 ~lfla1111 IVl If~uiJ IJ fft1 fIi4If gt1lhjh I1I6yi1-1 li64IJ1l41hl-lt1 NIH iJ6W~lJ lI W 111IJJ 461tJ1tf1f
JI w dr dIJ11111lJltll 5-8 ll1UIlUlJm t11NlhlJ1tl1 8-10 ll1UllllJ~1 t11141)1f)NiflJIIW~1gt11111j1llJtIiJlf)lJI-I1 ~ ~ w d ~w w ltI d J w ltlw
llfU nmet I-IIVl6Nilllt1lJ IIJ UllIAll 11l1lJfll1NiflJVll-lljU1lt1lJU11l1lIJUr11iJ IlJNiflJIil-lljf1tMllllii
iQ J w ~ w ltI aK 1 bull 9 ~ ~~6f) If 1t1ill1t11 IfIjV4illtHfl1~NfflJVlUlj1lmllJt~1 ~f11ll1-11UlJU blJ6~lJW111ftVlnJVl1 ~ t1 111 1111 IlJ
ff1lJ11(lNfflJU~fltUutifi11 yj1lui~U4H1Ltiuihhlll-l~V4hll~flJfl11NiflJuili41lNfflJ lui1l111
a III I~I i1 4t OJ dl fit ai~1 I 1 ti d
H lti4 ~ 1fl1ltili 1 I IiflJt111IlUlJuill~ lJltll 1 1~1)lj Utili 11~lJ~UlJ1dn 1~11lilll11J 11flH 111H114114 I lIu 1 lJltll gt11-1 1gt16 W litl11f1lJ fl4ll m 1 rllJ1JI-I l14Yl H tI H Ijll illf) IlJ 1ft 111lllJfl1111 Yl 1J
111111t11 gt1 Vlnetui1i114 I Ii mit~11lfI llltljtllJl11~1 lilJUH 1ft Yl11t11U~UVi lllfl1iR1luolNWI-IU1l
v bullbull bull
1~lJlJff4lJ t~II9imn 2100 bull 0400 1-1 li1~IlIUq~I1i~1114 Iili14IilU4IViJ4IliU 1~lii1ltl1l1tJql11~Ii 1U11il11411il1n4iitl4flW lii6111hi1ii6f)~~114Ili1~UtJ1-11IJ111 n411~ 2 ~-NI~~tIIltJillfl111~lU
t1lti4 iimjtllfffiJ1~f)1llJl1N~1t1lh9i1111lJ11ll 3-5 LlJill m1lliit11l6~HllJlIlJlll 3060 1l11-~llJm ~ ~ ~J l ~ 1 I 1 ~r111llt1JN 20-40 lfU~llJVl1 Illllilllt1WifUIIU1l41fllllCl114lI fttJJt1tltlIJUlllflU6t1U1l1u1lWIl
II
6l t1lJl IJ IllvhN 11i I~11)iiUU1Iii U f166 t1ll lHri61~ IHIYi1llhfJH ril iiUinrIiill f1 lJl tlIfitI 11 llJ
w ~ ~_ ~~I i w1lf)lJtlII~lJ~UUrllJ1lIDIJ~ Ii6ill6~fl1 11IUUIIllt1lJtltlll1t)lJ ~1 ~4mlJl UfI11i1f1lIUil1
lJfi~tl Illi 1 litfi1H1Ii lif~ iJUU-iliJ1~lJmli4~tlYl11J1I~f11llJ1I1t111llJJum T4iJfl II~mJflU 1-Nmt iI bull
Ufl muIf)1I1t111ljll 1tl~1JIlUiJfttl1t11flll J1fltiWUtili1iJI~rl1lJ111111 lt] tlt1f1f~1~Uin~ihfl~6t1 II JI
fl1~t1 lJ 1 H Ii l1il~ J 1fltiuUUlh~fl1I1U 1l ~Ul 111 Illt1N1lt1l1 VI ill1lfi4VllJ11UUI~h1141lin4iYU
~11l1t1 14 gt11
bull bull bull
14
I lt14 d ltaJ jI d ff1UlyenllUJ1JllUTWUfl1HW 158plusmn17 f11nmll ml11f111~f11~ilfJ~tmW 433plusmn2A 1lfUillllil~ Wl111Vl1
m~ilfJ~m~J 469plusmn15 llfU~tuil~ UlivtUlj1Ht 8 ijlFl 14 tilInFlTm~tli 571 lltlfo1u~ ii
~Ii~1U1U 83 vlfJ~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jm~U lOAplusmn43 vlfJ~I1llnJlfil~tltl1111illijUti lyenlff~ihilWiJfl~~J
lIUiiilJl lllffiilJlhhl1ilFl~liu 15Ot17 filnflill ml11f1~mmiltl~mli1J 431plusmn21 lf1J~llJil~
mllJm1m~ilfJ~m~1J 466plusmn19 IfUlIllJII1 llliwUim11i 6 ) IllFl 14 11 tiil~1f11111~H 429
lltlflltUli mli~1U1U 53 vltl~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jIil~1J 88plusmn29 vltl~I1tlltl 8ilnFl1~VlFlllUIi1tm~8nFl1gt 9 ~ W 1 wi0ltlilllJ ~f111tfllJ~Fl1JmlW 458 lfl~ 415 1JtllllfU9l 1l1lJ1IlillJ Ui1iH U1lln~Il I IfI~ 2
lt lti j0
IV V I Illr I II t ~ ~IV M ~ IV I o1i d JJ 2 1l11Htl1 UlllUn frlmn114 m~fi11~lJnm~~J~IJJ~WJUtlWU~ lI1~1mml111 Il ~lU1U lJUll~J1l11m~1lf1lIUil1IJJ~9111nIJllUlI~VII11tl1111t1
1ltV1111111lllJlllmUJ
~ ~
W3WUi UJWUi UltIUI1 fI~l~ ~1l 1l111un fI~l~ 61l l1~~Ii 11ufi3ull ~lU1U llmiluii1 tmllfl 1u~1Ju1J 1~lJLlf1 ~lUll
(l1fl) (lIlJ) (Ji1l) (11fl) (lIlJ) (Jill) ~l1~1i Ii (WtH) (iil) () ~llfl (1u) ll1ii3nl~
iluiil (iil)
90 348 370 170 451 485 1112141 15 10 667 191342 98 10
84 340 370 155 425 460 II 1312141 5 5 1000 201342 97 5
54 292 316 158 428 464 22112141 9 4 444 28342 96 4
40 272 300 160 440 465 II 22112141 7 0 0
42 284 300 160 445 475 X ~
50 300 320 165 446 482 II 2411241 10 2 200 28342 94 2 (J1
70 338 364 132 390 444 X
52 308 328 145 420 463 X
62 316 346 140 392 468 X
54 294 320 202 484 505 II 3012141 18 10 555 21442 93 10
62 320 368 146 422 457 X
86 330 389 162 439 470 II 61142 8 0 0
72 320 361 150 430 450 X
54 301 324 164 450 475 121142 11 7 636 10442 88 7
62plusmn16 31plusmn23 341plusmn29 158plusmn7 433plusmn24 469plusmnJ5 lOAplusmn43 458 943plusmn36
1llJ 8 iil 83 wtH 38ii1 38 iil
c ~ ~
1ij1i1N 2 Jli1iln mllJf1~N Uflm1lJU11m~~ll~lJll~rlmlJI1lJi Jb~nfl1f1U1Ni~~llJ1lJ~Itfl69111f111V1ntlllJ~1IJ1l111mU~lJdl~~Miu1~middotm 1llHlJbJn~1J1miJlJfl
~ ~ Il~IlU~ ttlll1Ull
bull11lH1Jn n~l~ nll Jnnlfl 111~ ~ll 11~H 1u1~U1J ~U1U YlnJilu~1 iJil1JQf1 1UI~U1J jtJn~l ~U1U
(1m) (Ill) (lflJ) (lflJ) (lflJ) ~H1~ l~ (IN) (~1) () ~Ylf1 (1U) 1i~lJ16~
lriU111 (~1)
90 358 380 164 432 469 91214 7 2 286 1813142 99 2
76 326 354 122 390 441 x 73 324 355 160 453 490 13112141 6 4 667 201342 97 4
46 283 300 170 445 475 18112141 11 5 455 2313142 95 5
46 280 308 170 458 497 25112141 10 5 500 2913142 94 5 ~
50 300 320 144 417 445 x 70 328 370 142 44S 475 x 62 314 350 172 440 488 211142 13 6 462 114142 89 6
54 301 330 130 410 453 X
50 296 304 156 446 460 X
67 320 352 164 420 455 911142 6 o o o ~
66 325 366 132 404 442 x 74 320 360 144 434 449 X
66 299 367 130 450 480 X
64plusmn13 313plusmn20 344plusmn26 IS0plusmn17 43lplusmn2i 466plusmn19 S8plusmn29 41S 948plusmn38
11lJ 6111 5314H 22)l 22)1
bull bull
bull bullbull
17
mliWl1llJ1N1j~~W1IJVi 9 iIJ11fllJ 2541 ~lJg~1IJVi 12 lJml1llJ 2542 1j1~1ltn1J
~IJ 1lfl1J11iI lb flIJ ltfllWJ flyj ~H ffll11fllilUj l~flUWiilllJ1flgflfl hlifhJf11jlJ1~11iijllflMru tniSlJlfl
fl111liillWlfllgflflh 1jdlfl IJ~flfl1~VIflmHVi 1 1m 2 IIlJlf)11illltnlflliIlV 529plusmn36 flilJ fl11lJ
fl1HmgJ 4QplusmnO1 l1IJilllJltfll fl11lJtJ11mgu 66plusmnO11l1IJilllJltfl1 1lJll11iflli~V 524plusmn21 flllJ fl1111
fl1l~Ii~V 40plusmnO1 1l1IJ~lJfll ml11Ul1m~1J 67plusmn01 l1IJ~lJltfl1lI1lJ-i1~U lJtjVJflyjl)~IlZiJyjl)~ 1)1f11ft1lI)IJI)~UIllJI)~lI1f11fl1vlIJ1lllltlilJl1~ rll)~~ iJli1mru 24 ~i1l~ IIMll1f11Il1VlJIl~~W1 IflfllIJ ~ timiii~i1rll)IJ ~iUfl11IlfflJvflilflfl1Jllifhlflj liitnl1lJliwliatlfl jiflJ qUl11~1IJh~lgfl
ltlJ jll11 hjlt~~~1fhIJlifl~~~(raquo1gfllI)fJilui11~lJtiI)WflliltJli1~1IVIl)fl iIJ Ilflfl1JVIfllltN~ 1
mjl~h liVlmlTll1IJ 2 UU 1IJ~flfl11V1fl1ll~~ 2 UUIWlUYlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 UU 1IJllflfl11V1flIHI~~ 1 Uti11i1 tiYlfl~TIl1IJ 2uU 1IJ~flfl11V1flntNVi 2 util~huVlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 uti Illl11iflllI)~HI~l (y) Vi)~1f1fl11
1Hjlll~til1IJili~ 2 lflfl11V101ntl~ ~11l1IJ 14 mi 5111 136 vltN il111111fflJI1mlilllJltflHfltlthmXfI
4 ltl 2 i _I dIJl~llJIIW1j (x) 0l1lJfflJfl11fltJ y = L8773x+21682 R = 06008 IIffVil~ lJllJrl 7 unOll1HVI 34
80
60 ~ ~ -~ c 40
r y ~ 1amp113x + 2l682
~i 20 R =06008
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IllH IlmhlIJl(nn)
ltili 7 fl11lJUlJI1m11wiwihmrfl Ii I~ lflIJIllt11ifllUMlJtlfil11ltJ~hHlJfl
ltC lt
I ll
(11m~J 3 U11~1lit~mftUU1~lm~lliwml)0illO1li U)~Ull~uiYil1l1ft)~~J~~w~mmlll~lJ1nlJU~ tllq 1 1U
~ UlJI1tl1j 1li1~1 f1l1ll1
bullbull ~ bullbull ~ bullbull ~ tllWWO O~H em Ul11Ufl O~l~ 1111 IllllUfl fl1H fin
(00) ( lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ)
170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
OJ
164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
IllftfJ 167plusmn15 445plusmn18 476plusmn15 529plusmn36 40plusmn01 66plusmn01 308plusmn32 49+02 53+02
~
eo ~
bull JO
mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
~ UlJWWl i~~l )111911bull
~bull bullbull bull~
Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
iliVJft
48+02
1liVJft
5lplusmnO3
co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
~lU1llilh (y) ~i~mf1fl1j1Nl~IJJ~1iilfli~ 2 l~flWIlIltJ~ tllflUlli91l 14 u1i bull
11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
()
E
20
~ ~ gt ~
i ~
15
10
5
0
y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
~tlll 8 f11111fflJilJlhI1h~hlJ1U 1lil~ ltiull1In1flu1iilJ (WiTiltlftlJl1l1l
jmlhi1flVJfl~lflllii~I~1lJil18 jjUlfllJ 10 lJlIlJlJ 2542 l~lmiddotn 88-99 llJ iI Q A IV ltI Iq
flrulUl1l 268-318 J~flWllmlflff f1111lIJUirlJIfIl1l 802-903 I1JVWlIlJllI (911jl~Il 5)
~ln~1l5 Jml1tliJIIv~IlnJ (Oe) lif111lJnfl 30 lIil~llJ91j 1l1lf1111JiilJirlJill1i() ilJUJYiflill~l ~
I J tV ~ lVitll llml1JlJ
~
(0C) f111lJlfIJ 1JIlllll()
Iifl 268 903
lJfl 282 830
fl Il 305 850 d
1111 306 802
Ill 318 894
llUlI) 296 plusmn20 856 plusmn43
bull bull bull
21
I II Q 4s T r t II I gt1 ~I ltltftill fl1WVIl~lJtJ~ IJUIltYtlHlllVWWVlfllJ1lgiraquo1Hm~tHVIl~HffjVI 3 Ill 4 UlJ1tl1 5-10 1W tJIi~~UI11Jtl tmt1lJOWllTI111 ~f1~hiiWf1~U~1imJ ] mi1IlltliMHhllgtlll ~luwifii~uj
(keel) gt~ll~uU11tf~ iltllim~l~mitlFluulfliim~llHn~uNuIll~lJ mIll~U~nmmiii bull
ll1vihllllltjjlJ~lU1U 3 ItfJU f1lUU1flllHraquoltl~ IllfJU tU11l1l ]ll 1 UfJU Ul1Im1l6l~WllUii laquo4 I I 013 II d II d d QIe l d J 1n14 d ll~1~fl11ll1Uraquo1ltltl flUl IJ tltlUUI1ltllJ1lJ VItHllUl1f1llJ U1HUltmmHU il1tl1tHUl tltlllUU t lJlItflltlgt
t~ml1l(J HlllJl11J-lJlm 08 tlfU9IllJl1Ii
I bull ltII II dl II ltto laquo4 At ltII d ~ fl1111 ill fllJllt Ill fill 1j Il VI1ltlJ I111 Vll M 1 l ttY j lJ 1i111lJ Ul lJ IIU 111 llH II IlLUltl1l
ltV v d ltr d 3R8plusmn32 flilJ fl11lJfl11lm1l6tUltlIJ 49plusmnO2 llUl1ItlJIl Ull1J11lJIJ11mI1lltUlllJ 53plusmnO2
bull tI bull
1IfW~tlJi1Ij 1i1WI1VitnJl~1(J61H1i littYllJ1i111iiugiiIJU 11llllMtlflIIInJ 281plusmn26 fl~lJ f111lJfl ~H d lo cl ltV
milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
Itlv191W~hl 2 1gt1fl1HlltlltH 1i1WU1Htlfllfll~h (y) ~lU1W 60 ii iUU111tlflIJtHluJ~h (x) iiflllJ
~ ~ ~ 2 i oJlllJflUfiIgt1ltYlJflli y= L5452x+40918 R = 05058 ttY U~lJ1l9
40
35
30 TI S 25 rsect c 20 j 15
F 10
5
0
0
rbull y~ LS4S2+40918
R~ OSOSS 6
255 15 201deg - m ~ U1~lifitU 11 (nn)
22
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- r QJ r
1l [)tll6~61flU1l~m~IVlim~illl bull bull Sf
ntlVi6gmffl1II11l1U~tl1l~01ffJil~lJ1mlllhfd6UlhfUUhhl1l~hiT~Il1l6~lI~S VllJ
1J~1ruthtllti~IJ6~lhflll6~Viihiliif)i1f)Wru~U11tl ihmmJflJlJ lftl ~UlJiii6 illfl t1113 l1lJlIlI~ f bulllfl~flH )j61J61ffl6~ltlU1llllJYltI~6~U lUlId1UU11m~lJflIJtllJ1111Vl~lJtlrll1h 1161JntJ~mlll ~Vi
~I d ~ I ok d de x l q IIGI
lIlllJIJ1 Im~f)tl1JlI1IJln~mf) IJ~ 11ilfJ l 1mllUl~mfnJtl 1 lJtllJ1lJtlVltJ~tlIilVl11l11llll~milfI~
1IgtIgtllIlI1tlqt1f1lll11~ lilll1Jtl1uVl1J11lmtlmlltnil~u lJ1~U 11 fl6~fl~il~timhwf)~ltltIlJ flf1~16fllt1f)WtUII6~)j1~ (2543) i1V~ltlhIll1ml9itldlfll1ltl1II1Vi61fffJ6yitlU1niillJ Umli~VllJhv
tl1~1lJ1ltlutiuliim~llllitlutlftUillffVilrJltlll1~fl ImNutaphand (1979) 11l~ltjhlllll11fJ 9i tl1l fl11 tltfll1Vi111l1fll flqtyWtl i fllfll1J1nru111fUuihu1l11ti~1lll6~U1iTflVi~fllt1f)W ru~1 flll1J
nh1lfl
mUVljmlfJIJ6~(lhll1l~lu1Jgtlltli~111gt1t1~lI Vl1JlUvn~ f1l16~lIJ ltllI~~ lit6~ ~ 1flflll6~ ll~ ~ djltlflll6~YiiiIJtl1ll 11t)) ii~tlU1j) lflij~111llgtl1~lIl1~i~111~WV1~tll~iimlllll11lJ1flflh
A d lt) a a lt) ~ I A 5ff 0 d 1lll6~6t1 1 VllJUVl1llllllJlIlI~ ll11JJlf1lItVl~m~llllJlIu1fltll tl6~1l1m1JtIllllJlIYI6~llflllm tI6fl
f1~6~fllJ11 IlU (2533) i 1l~1tlhtl Il ~1JtlVlU1II1l11l~ tll1JflVllJltVl1m iI1lllIflJ1l1tllJ11101IllflUl
_I ~I J I I d d d d I
f1M~Jl~~ lI~lJlf)tllf1l16~1Jlf)1Jl11 CJHl1JtJtIlIJ1l6lll6~f1l1lNlI~ illI~ l tlllll IVlJ~llfll1CJr~1l6~
bull q ~ t q gt ~ q ~ 1 =~ ~ltl1t1t1llVlJ1fl IUlliilJII1ll I1l~llltl1 Itlllll~lI~ 1fl~~qtyVltl1j Itliltl1fllll IIl1 IVl iiltl1llllU
y
(2525) ~d1nilWtl~1II1U1~ltlflll6~lI~~ 6Jl~ il tI~lI tl11Jl~mlmllJWtl~llli1lllU~tll1J~ 1~Ilftl
fltI f11i ~11II1llUlii11 tia 6 d~f1 Jl )~ Jl ~ 6l ~lii6~1J 1~1fl lJ I 101filla~ lI ~~~I1JUl11 ci~ 61flVIJ 6~ 11111 VI j1
)jij~ih lWtJ~I tlVluiiUtlOafl14YU lBffll11J iUlJ11tlfllit6IillIlilUfltl 611 1m1~lrii6 dtifl1l6~lI~
~lIll1I lf~1nm1lJ~61111111ilUtfll1~n61~iiU~~i1Jl1ll111lV~tll1l 1~1Il(t1ci6lm~~flll6~1l~Ih I riiilllJiiu~l1JIlfUflU
~ ~ J2 llflllruYIWlfllVIU1
~flllru~l111 bull
~1f) f111 VI fl 1l 6~VllJ1111i llll uliitll1l~ l1ltllIll1lh~fl fl1 ~ 6~ II~~ (terrapin)
IItl1llltltj) lt1f)llrul~lnlt)1111Nl~6fltl~lm~11l 11111Ulijl~lJ~ltl1tl 5 ~lJ ff1UlJ111lt1~ii 4 y
~lJ IVlflliifJIlJlJtJ1fl illqiViqflii1i111Ufl 202 fill1fl1lJ fI11lJfl~1~mflN 484 CJrtl~lJm m111U11
bull bull
bull bull
23
~llll1lltl~(Jl~hlllJflmHlJIJ(Jliiu1 ihrfllJmIhhJtiltJ lJlhtltlfl 17 il1tlflilJ fl11lJJl1mIlB~~6~ 58
lIlligtilJ~1 fl11lJm1m~B~mj~ 60 lIll~llJm fl1~1I6~l1a~lJilnlibull fl11lJll~fl~H1Vlfl
mllJl~fl~l~~ 11h~lllfl~ lmJ~lldJlI 9l11~lJ1JlllfllJliiUIl1111l1flhllff~ mi~ ~ ~ ~ P I~middot ~ middot1 1fl~~llltltI1ll1fl11llflrjn flll m1 fltllJfl111l1lJ I U m1I6~11n~mmll lJtlllllJnfl] IJUUNU m IlIH
~ P _f d ~ 131 ltjI d P 1 l I II 4
U (J UlJ lfl m lltH Ill U 1l6~jjfl ~ lJ UNll Vl6~l U66fllJlU 1~ll6fllI flU 61lliN 11 mIlB~UYIn W-IU IlJ lJmll y
lJfl Ulffnlltf1Ul1 1lJlhhnn tJlmmjlJU1lIJtJlfllJffll1ii6~61lU iJff1l 1li~11JlliUIllff~ tf1jJ111~I~fl (Vlt$ltu j1 4 1$1
jjUfl11llfl~ Yl11lJ1lIllfllmII(J~mNlJlIflIJ1l1ll1ll 3 llflIJ ~flltl1~ 1 UOIJ lY1UUl~mII1l~Ul~tl ~ 1 n -l1 lflIJ ltllU1lIJm1i16~lJllflIJltllJllU1 fl~U1l~mliljH 1il1l16IJ lJUUllillllflfl111VlflllW lllJflll1l1
lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
mIl(J~l1n~iiltl1lJrmilllthU111~~IWlJl1fl111l1flliitJ 1lJnh~1I1iwli6~rUthlJflUlfljJ111~lJlflflh bull
lllflllJfJ
11 tiII~flUthtlfl~lUlt1jlJ lt111~16flaflll mUltJ ~l1~ (2543) mi1111111~lJe~ lYi1lllfl~ 11 lvi111 lI11JUiJfllJ
IJUllilfJTlflil ii1flUI11~il1tYfl111lnillYI111e~i U 91111l1ti ~tleU1tJ m~111~lJ lflfl111YillllflliJlJ li~il~
lYlBlt1fl1fliUfl11NlYlJliili mllJfflJIiU11iHfl11lJfr)11mIIBltlUnlll11UflIJltJ~vl61iUi CW =
VI(J ~fffl1lJ I HUVIB~l[JIJllYlJ6flU il tl Bli1li~lH U fl1 fl6~lJtllJUIJ flllHU fl1 flltJ~rllll1 U
bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
IiUi cw = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 Utlfl11lJfflJlitJ1111lt1fl11lJ[Jl1m1i16~ltllill1t1fl
~ ~ VIq~fl1j lJmHlfflJI1tJ1j
YiltllfJ~U~~flfflJlitJiflU~~mm1Ultl~mmfiU j~I11HliieUlmfllJii~~Utieu
itJ11fllJ NfflJliuititJUJ1~jiiIJJliifl 300 lllU~lJ~j lYilI1fl~jUl~~ 4 -1i1~lmm~fHI1iltI IJ ll~1111llflljj fJ I~hnllJ~U~ IillllU lli1~ iJiifflJtlltJ U lt1I1lt1)e 11)11li fI fflJlitJiflU111fliilff IJ~ j IJfl1U 11 tl~ ~lflfllt1lJIiU(1111llflljjfJlI~IJJlI461~mfJ1UI~eNlYlJ flU1Ii Ulil11~1~fIJ fl1~NtlJliuin~I~IJJl 14e1~l1ti1~hiNfflJIiUifllJlYi1Vlfl~ fl lilIi1fllllUlIil~U1tJBdIJllUfll~m16~ titJ tilVlvleliUiHlt1lJ
J1Vfl tB~fltiltJ~fllJfiffiJJltlflm (2529) fl~11h11NtlJIiUiflU~1I1Hlii6UflUlJ1fJuii~KtJl~ltJU
bullbull bull
bull bull
24
VId1ulUfhj~tJ1Fl1f1fitJui11t1hmll~~JlJl11J ~1ullinlll 2100 - 0400 U1Wf11 Mti~~lmfutlljlllil1 flmUll~lh1I ~1U1111iii~~ulli 5-18 VItJ1 ~lflf11~VIllllfl11iiJulljVluiIIli11nJ9iUlnll~1tJtJ1M11ltfl
f111V1fllfl1~ 1 il-iJ91gt1f1111HIi 571111tl11oilU~ UIIdjjli~lU1U 83 WN ilfl1Ilillltl1~ 2 iiall~l fll1mW 429 11ltl11oiluli lll~ii~lU111Ii 53 VItl~ U1JlilijjjJlm1fl 470-588 flill fl11lJfl~H 38shy
42 llfU~lJ91 fl111Wl1 65-68 lfU~llJfll
l1fl1lWUtl1 Ii
fl1lW~ lilllilll1lJ91UI1lil1l1111IhtiuIllll flllVItH ffUl1fltlltJIinlll1lfttlf1 Ii ~1UU 111
~ d~ j dy UUfl1911ll1IJlllllJllllflf111 II1l1f)1 ~ fJ11J1I1fl1ltJJ
69111flU1lBtYUii1IllflllVlfl
Iillilll1tJ9iunilVlmnU~1~nll1 88-99111 ~tjwMSJil268-318 HfIlllfllllli1l1j IIll
11 Jj ~ _ ~ 1 ~ f 7 fl11lJlIU lt1 lJj VI I 802-903 1JtllllfUIII UlllllV1 ~lflUlJjU1jll1llJ1~nltllM1lflflllV1fllltlUl 1 1Ill
lflflllV1fllltl1~ 2 iiall11flllVlmlJulll 458 1Ill~ 415 l1Ifllollu1 1II1lJlh~lJ tUflflWllfllltl1~ 1 mj
I1li11llYlfl~1111U 2 all illflflllV1lllfl1~ 2 Illl9hiJJVlfl~lU1U 1 ull tl1~Iatl~~lflflllhililJli11fl 1fllJiJ1Iilfl11111ilm111hh~fllJ1$iilJfl11mVIlJm~ltlflu Jm~liiU1J1i1111lIl1flllliitJ 308plusmn32
flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
VIilllfl~ lliI~11tJ1MllVi1HllflllllVluilllilll11J~Ulnilli~ 2 WI iliiifllllitl6111llflllVlmnllIll1I1liVllli
WllllltJ~ 111l1l viii1J~~1IJfl lM11141flYlllfiflJt1I1lJIl ~~jj11ll1illJ6~lfl11 iiallll1 fl11 Vl fll1]lJ ~11fltllfltJ1
Qt teldQ
fllJtl1M 11 VIlJ 111l1lJllfl l~fl11
fl11V1fllltJ1fffl1l1flll lJN11ll1ilu illiafll 1 11 ~ ulJ fl~11li11l1119iU l1lfl j1Jli1fl 1M 11~1IIllflullVlui bull
IlliltlllJfilllilfl1 2 lflf11~Illll~1 itliillllllifla91l1f111111 i uUll69111fll7Vlfl
1 rmfffl1l1fl-J~ihilu f1111jlVlU 1i~ii ~IlH1J1J7lnlJ 111m ullilVlfllu UtlflU fl11iif1Ufffllol1 ~ _ i 1middotmiddot 4 -l ~ ~ JiIf111U1U 1Jnfl Ufl1lllJ~flU L~U flll~1 nlJ M1mmfl~nfl UVIifllJ1Hlm1JiJlJ~WMlJlJllmllJ~Il
11
25
~ p ~ ~ ~ ~ bullbull ~ ~ ~ 111111111 U mtl~ulfJll 2539 fltlll1Jltlfl1lmfl~Un6pflll IlU ~1nVllnlltHu Vll 1VlV fl1N1Iljl flll
I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
rIUU lyj~I ljtJIli1t1 lIl1UVll nlllti Ilfl1lflW1Ul11 Itti nl1iJ Itfl~ti~U 2529 flllffml1lifv~ jIJ ~ I ~I
1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
lily ~ tI 4 It ltvIt t1IJlI lt111lJlJTUlII1 un 1lm vgWUIJ1t1 2525 l4tim1dl11IJUtiffVlJrl111l4UljlfllU1IJfI U
flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
1L1ilU ljfloWU( 2533 vhM111f1~ ~Tillt1~Ui1f1ifvl1Jll1iJflllitl~rl1U~11J1JlflUVllnfl ffl1llUIJ
i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
d tI~ ltI ~ 11gt ~ 1i(1lJti rllllt11~f VUUIlI rJllmiddotHlI~f 1i(Iln lllJUJllI1lI un mlln JfllJflW1U1Vl 2533 fllll1fllll
I
fl111J li1u1 U 1 ~1J flll1fi11ll1iiu61~Vlri1Jfl111J1lIflllfll 11lvhun61ll111ltlfl IIfl~1fl~lmm1J
11U~11Jfllff1J1JU11Jjlfl11Ugt~ltl2533 m1JU11H mYl 739-745~ hUfl~lUlrI~1Jflfl~flfllimjrullv~lfl~ 2543 lhiuumVlI1VlU dlUflllUtI~1Jfffl~IVmiflpoundjrullltl~ =OIV 4 d $1
lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
~ bull ~ q 1Iffl1UU tn1J1Vl1l~ 1Iti fll1il 1ilfj1JllI 2537 flIJIJ1I1UflII111tiIIIl1mlllIJ tU1JlVlf Vl(J 1Urll
~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
13
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d ll1tJ NifllVll-l Ij f)I-I Il~ f) 11H11-1U1l ~ f) 1114111-1 j If114IHJUIImfllJ
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ijI-Iiii61-1nl-l11f1ll1~tJNiflJfiWifiu1uU1limiddotmllJU1i1f) 30-40 l1WiilllW lY1IVli~11tJ11n1-6lJ lt] 1i1 -= _I I 0 q I l ltV J 0 aI I IVli1llJIJHcrlUl1lJlf)VlWI-I 11fflVlillltJ lJNfl1461lf1 1l111111lJf) 1~64IJH1I1~1U1lmII64if11-1 f)UlJ6~ a~1 $ ~ li i w1
l~lVlIflJlJ ll1111lJlJll 30 U11lil4IJI-IfI6lJIVlIflJlI lIIJlIH 4 IINfllf)jilIHtI1I~IJHIII1VlIfIJJII
HlIlHy1 2 ltilmllJ~lJalJ f)j11 a4~l1-1r11l164IVllfliiIJUt11~I6f)IIlJ1ntll1hm16IJ64~mw ff11-1111i iii ~ bull
lilIJ611iJ 4 i 1-1 U 1 Hlti4 ~ 1mlIUllIf~ifV gt111 1l 11JH NIy 1 MH NIVllflilmYi JifJ~611J1ltilNiflJW inULVli
MA ltv d f t 11 ltQ
IlJlJ IlJJ if61lJ11J1lI1ifl-ll1INIllVlIflJJJ~1I1lJ1tl1 5middot10 W1Yl ~lf)I-I WVl1lVll-lllL1lUlJVlUIj If 1-1
tI lti4lti11f 1flW 1M~J111 VliV4i16~iiillnl-l J1111 lJltl1 5 mli4UIJt11l6t1i)1 t1nU61tl1i1~ii timltll111 W vi1lltlJ1l4111l II 1111-11I1l1JUNf) ~14 fit 1 tJ~iilllcenthIi1mh4lI64J1Jil~4~ t1 lt] Jggt1H
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t1m4 2 ~4 VllJ11i1Ul~1l iflll1~1-1 IIf1lJJf)lJl il1f)ff11-11JIf ti~ilt1NfflJI-lifil-llff~ il )rtJ1Vli9i1~H ljgt1
66t1 ~lfla1111 IVl If~uiJ IJ fft1 fIi4If gt1lhjh I1I6yi1-1 li64IJ1l41hl-lt1 NIH iJ6W~lJ lI W 111IJJ 461tJ1tf1f
JI w dr dIJ11111lJltll 5-8 ll1UIlUlJm t11NlhlJ1tl1 8-10 ll1UllllJ~1 t11141)1f)NiflJIIW~1gt11111j1llJtIiJlf)lJI-I1 ~ ~ w d ~w w ltI d J w ltlw
llfU nmet I-IIVl6Nilllt1lJ IIJ UllIAll 11l1lJfll1NiflJVll-lljU1lt1lJU11l1lIJUr11iJ IlJNiflJIil-lljf1tMllllii
iQ J w ~ w ltI aK 1 bull 9 ~ ~~6f) If 1t1ill1t11 IfIjV4illtHfl1~NfflJVlUlj1lmllJt~1 ~f11ll1-11UlJU blJ6~lJW111ftVlnJVl1 ~ t1 111 1111 IlJ
ff1lJ11(lNfflJU~fltUutifi11 yj1lui~U4H1Ltiuihhlll-l~V4hll~flJfl11NiflJuili41lNfflJ lui1l111
a III I~I i1 4t OJ dl fit ai~1 I 1 ti d
H lti4 ~ 1fl1ltili 1 I IiflJt111IlUlJuill~ lJltll 1 1~1)lj Utili 11~lJ~UlJ1dn 1~11lilll11J 11flH 111H114114 I lIu 1 lJltll gt11-1 1gt16 W litl11f1lJ fl4ll m 1 rllJ1JI-I l14Yl H tI H Ijll illf) IlJ 1ft 111lllJfl1111 Yl 1J
111111t11 gt1 Vlnetui1i114 I Ii mit~11lfI llltljtllJl11~1 lilJUH 1ft Yl11t11U~UVi lllfl1iR1luolNWI-IU1l
v bullbull bull
1~lJlJff4lJ t~II9imn 2100 bull 0400 1-1 li1~IlIUq~I1i~1114 Iili14IilU4IViJ4IliU 1~lii1ltl1l1tJql11~Ii 1U11il11411il1n4iitl4flW lii6111hi1ii6f)~~114Ili1~UtJ1-11IJ111 n411~ 2 ~-NI~~tIIltJillfl111~lU
t1lti4 iimjtllfffiJ1~f)1llJl1N~1t1lh9i1111lJ11ll 3-5 LlJill m1lliit11l6~HllJlIlJlll 3060 1l11-~llJm ~ ~ ~J l ~ 1 I 1 ~r111llt1JN 20-40 lfU~llJVl1 Illllilllt1WifUIIU1l41fllllCl114lI fttJJt1tltlIJUlllflU6t1U1l1u1lWIl
II
6l t1lJl IJ IllvhN 11i I~11)iiUU1Iii U f166 t1ll lHri61~ IHIYi1llhfJH ril iiUinrIiill f1 lJl tlIfitI 11 llJ
w ~ ~_ ~~I i w1lf)lJtlII~lJ~UUrllJ1lIDIJ~ Ii6ill6~fl1 11IUUIIllt1lJtltlll1t)lJ ~1 ~4mlJl UfI11i1f1lIUil1
lJfi~tl Illi 1 litfi1H1Ii lif~ iJUU-iliJ1~lJmli4~tlYl11J1I~f11llJ1I1t111llJJum T4iJfl II~mJflU 1-Nmt iI bull
Ufl muIf)1I1t111ljll 1tl~1JIlUiJfttl1t11flll J1fltiWUtili1iJI~rl1lJ111111 lt] tlt1f1f~1~Uin~ihfl~6t1 II JI
fl1~t1 lJ 1 H Ii l1il~ J 1fltiuUUlh~fl1I1U 1l ~Ul 111 Illt1N1lt1l1 VI ill1lfi4VllJ11UUI~h1141lin4iYU
~11l1t1 14 gt11
bull bull bull
14
I lt14 d ltaJ jI d ff1UlyenllUJ1JllUTWUfl1HW 158plusmn17 f11nmll ml11f111~f11~ilfJ~tmW 433plusmn2A 1lfUillllil~ Wl111Vl1
m~ilfJ~m~J 469plusmn15 llfU~tuil~ UlivtUlj1Ht 8 ijlFl 14 tilInFlTm~tli 571 lltlfo1u~ ii
~Ii~1U1U 83 vlfJ~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jm~U lOAplusmn43 vlfJ~I1llnJlfil~tltl1111illijUti lyenlff~ihilWiJfl~~J
lIUiiilJl lllffiilJlhhl1ilFl~liu 15Ot17 filnflill ml11f1~mmiltl~mli1J 431plusmn21 lf1J~llJil~
mllJm1m~ilfJ~m~1J 466plusmn19 IfUlIllJII1 llliwUim11i 6 ) IllFl 14 11 tiil~1f11111~H 429
lltlflltUli mli~1U1U 53 vltl~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jIil~1J 88plusmn29 vltl~I1tlltl 8ilnFl1~VlFlllUIi1tm~8nFl1gt 9 ~ W 1 wi0ltlilllJ ~f111tfllJ~Fl1JmlW 458 lfl~ 415 1JtllllfU9l 1l1lJ1IlillJ Ui1iH U1lln~Il I IfI~ 2
lt lti j0
IV V I Illr I II t ~ ~IV M ~ IV I o1i d JJ 2 1l11Htl1 UlllUn frlmn114 m~fi11~lJnm~~J~IJJ~WJUtlWU~ lI1~1mml111 Il ~lU1U lJUll~J1l11m~1lf1lIUil1IJJ~9111nIJllUlI~VII11tl1111t1
1ltV1111111lllJlllmUJ
~ ~
W3WUi UJWUi UltIUI1 fI~l~ ~1l 1l111un fI~l~ 61l l1~~Ii 11ufi3ull ~lU1U llmiluii1 tmllfl 1u~1Ju1J 1~lJLlf1 ~lUll
(l1fl) (lIlJ) (Ji1l) (11fl) (lIlJ) (Jill) ~l1~1i Ii (WtH) (iil) () ~llfl (1u) ll1ii3nl~
iluiil (iil)
90 348 370 170 451 485 1112141 15 10 667 191342 98 10
84 340 370 155 425 460 II 1312141 5 5 1000 201342 97 5
54 292 316 158 428 464 22112141 9 4 444 28342 96 4
40 272 300 160 440 465 II 22112141 7 0 0
42 284 300 160 445 475 X ~
50 300 320 165 446 482 II 2411241 10 2 200 28342 94 2 (J1
70 338 364 132 390 444 X
52 308 328 145 420 463 X
62 316 346 140 392 468 X
54 294 320 202 484 505 II 3012141 18 10 555 21442 93 10
62 320 368 146 422 457 X
86 330 389 162 439 470 II 61142 8 0 0
72 320 361 150 430 450 X
54 301 324 164 450 475 121142 11 7 636 10442 88 7
62plusmn16 31plusmn23 341plusmn29 158plusmn7 433plusmn24 469plusmnJ5 lOAplusmn43 458 943plusmn36
1llJ 8 iil 83 wtH 38ii1 38 iil
c ~ ~
1ij1i1N 2 Jli1iln mllJf1~N Uflm1lJU11m~~ll~lJll~rlmlJI1lJi Jb~nfl1f1U1Ni~~llJ1lJ~Itfl69111f111V1ntlllJ~1IJ1l111mU~lJdl~~Miu1~middotm 1llHlJbJn~1J1miJlJfl
~ ~ Il~IlU~ ttlll1Ull
bull11lH1Jn n~l~ nll Jnnlfl 111~ ~ll 11~H 1u1~U1J ~U1U YlnJilu~1 iJil1JQf1 1UI~U1J jtJn~l ~U1U
(1m) (Ill) (lflJ) (lflJ) (lflJ) ~H1~ l~ (IN) (~1) () ~Ylf1 (1U) 1i~lJ16~
lriU111 (~1)
90 358 380 164 432 469 91214 7 2 286 1813142 99 2
76 326 354 122 390 441 x 73 324 355 160 453 490 13112141 6 4 667 201342 97 4
46 283 300 170 445 475 18112141 11 5 455 2313142 95 5
46 280 308 170 458 497 25112141 10 5 500 2913142 94 5 ~
50 300 320 144 417 445 x 70 328 370 142 44S 475 x 62 314 350 172 440 488 211142 13 6 462 114142 89 6
54 301 330 130 410 453 X
50 296 304 156 446 460 X
67 320 352 164 420 455 911142 6 o o o ~
66 325 366 132 404 442 x 74 320 360 144 434 449 X
66 299 367 130 450 480 X
64plusmn13 313plusmn20 344plusmn26 IS0plusmn17 43lplusmn2i 466plusmn19 S8plusmn29 41S 948plusmn38
11lJ 6111 5314H 22)l 22)1
bull bull
bull bullbull
17
mliWl1llJ1N1j~~W1IJVi 9 iIJ11fllJ 2541 ~lJg~1IJVi 12 lJml1llJ 2542 1j1~1ltn1J
~IJ 1lfl1J11iI lb flIJ ltfllWJ flyj ~H ffll11fllilUj l~flUWiilllJ1flgflfl hlifhJf11jlJ1~11iijllflMru tniSlJlfl
fl111liillWlfllgflflh 1jdlfl IJ~flfl1~VIflmHVi 1 1m 2 IIlJlf)11illltnlflliIlV 529plusmn36 flilJ fl11lJ
fl1HmgJ 4QplusmnO1 l1IJilllJltfll fl11lJtJ11mgu 66plusmnO11l1IJilllJltfl1 1lJll11iflli~V 524plusmn21 flllJ fl1111
fl1l~Ii~V 40plusmnO1 1l1IJ~lJfll ml11Ul1m~1J 67plusmn01 l1IJ~lJltfl1lI1lJ-i1~U lJtjVJflyjl)~IlZiJyjl)~ 1)1f11ft1lI)IJI)~UIllJI)~lI1f11fl1vlIJ1lllltlilJl1~ rll)~~ iJli1mru 24 ~i1l~ IIMll1f11Il1VlJIl~~W1 IflfllIJ ~ timiii~i1rll)IJ ~iUfl11IlfflJvflilflfl1Jllifhlflj liitnl1lJliwliatlfl jiflJ qUl11~1IJh~lgfl
ltlJ jll11 hjlt~~~1fhIJlifl~~~(raquo1gfllI)fJilui11~lJtiI)WflliltJli1~1IVIl)fl iIJ Ilflfl1JVIfllltN~ 1
mjl~h liVlmlTll1IJ 2 UU 1IJ~flfl11V1fl1ll~~ 2 UUIWlUYlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 UU 1IJllflfl11V1flIHI~~ 1 Uti11i1 tiYlfl~TIl1IJ 2uU 1IJ~flfl11V1flntNVi 2 util~huVlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 uti Illl11iflllI)~HI~l (y) Vi)~1f1fl11
1Hjlll~til1IJili~ 2 lflfl11V101ntl~ ~11l1IJ 14 mi 5111 136 vltN il111111fflJI1mlilllJltflHfltlthmXfI
4 ltl 2 i _I dIJl~llJIIW1j (x) 0l1lJfflJfl11fltJ y = L8773x+21682 R = 06008 IIffVil~ lJllJrl 7 unOll1HVI 34
80
60 ~ ~ -~ c 40
r y ~ 1amp113x + 2l682
~i 20 R =06008
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IllH IlmhlIJl(nn)
ltili 7 fl11lJUlJI1m11wiwihmrfl Ii I~ lflIJIllt11ifllUMlJtlfil11ltJ~hHlJfl
ltC lt
I ll
(11m~J 3 U11~1lit~mftUU1~lm~lliwml)0illO1li U)~Ull~uiYil1l1ft)~~J~~w~mmlll~lJ1nlJU~ tllq 1 1U
~ UlJI1tl1j 1li1~1 f1l1ll1
bullbull ~ bullbull ~ bullbull ~ tllWWO O~H em Ul11Ufl O~l~ 1111 IllllUfl fl1H fin
(00) ( lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ)
170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
OJ
164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
IllftfJ 167plusmn15 445plusmn18 476plusmn15 529plusmn36 40plusmn01 66plusmn01 308plusmn32 49+02 53+02
~
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bull JO
mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
~ UlJWWl i~~l )111911bull
~bull bullbull bull~
Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
iliVJft
48+02
1liVJft
5lplusmnO3
co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
~lU1llilh (y) ~i~mf1fl1j1Nl~IJJ~1iilfli~ 2 l~flWIlIltJ~ tllflUlli91l 14 u1i bull
11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
()
E
20
~ ~ gt ~
i ~
15
10
5
0
y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
~tlll 8 f11111fflJilJlhI1h~hlJ1U 1lil~ ltiull1In1flu1iilJ (WiTiltlftlJl1l1l
jmlhi1flVJfl~lflllii~I~1lJil18 jjUlfllJ 10 lJlIlJlJ 2542 l~lmiddotn 88-99 llJ iI Q A IV ltI Iq
flrulUl1l 268-318 J~flWllmlflff f1111lIJUirlJIfIl1l 802-903 I1JVWlIlJllI (911jl~Il 5)
~ln~1l5 Jml1tliJIIv~IlnJ (Oe) lif111lJnfl 30 lIil~llJ91j 1l1lf1111JiilJirlJill1i() ilJUJYiflill~l ~
I J tV ~ lVitll llml1JlJ
~
(0C) f111lJlfIJ 1JIlllll()
Iifl 268 903
lJfl 282 830
fl Il 305 850 d
1111 306 802
Ill 318 894
llUlI) 296 plusmn20 856 plusmn43
bull bull bull
21
I II Q 4s T r t II I gt1 ~I ltltftill fl1WVIl~lJtJ~ IJUIltYtlHlllVWWVlfllJ1lgiraquo1Hm~tHVIl~HffjVI 3 Ill 4 UlJ1tl1 5-10 1W tJIi~~UI11Jtl tmt1lJOWllTI111 ~f1~hiiWf1~U~1imJ ] mi1IlltliMHhllgtlll ~luwifii~uj
(keel) gt~ll~uU11tf~ iltllim~l~mitlFluulfliim~llHn~uNuIll~lJ mIll~U~nmmiii bull
ll1vihllllltjjlJ~lU1U 3 ItfJU f1lUU1flllHraquoltl~ IllfJU tU11l1l ]ll 1 UfJU Ul1Im1l6l~WllUii laquo4 I I 013 II d II d d QIe l d J 1n14 d ll~1~fl11ll1Uraquo1ltltl flUl IJ tltlUUI1ltllJ1lJ VItHllUl1f1llJ U1HUltmmHU il1tl1tHUl tltlllUU t lJlItflltlgt
t~ml1l(J HlllJl11J-lJlm 08 tlfU9IllJl1Ii
I bull ltII II dl II ltto laquo4 At ltII d ~ fl1111 ill fllJllt Ill fill 1j Il VI1ltlJ I111 Vll M 1 l ttY j lJ 1i111lJ Ul lJ IIU 111 llH II IlLUltl1l
ltV v d ltr d 3R8plusmn32 flilJ fl11lJfl11lm1l6tUltlIJ 49plusmnO2 llUl1ItlJIl Ull1J11lJIJ11mI1lltUlllJ 53plusmnO2
bull tI bull
1IfW~tlJi1Ij 1i1WI1VitnJl~1(J61H1i littYllJ1i111iiugiiIJU 11llllMtlflIIInJ 281plusmn26 fl~lJ f111lJfl ~H d lo cl ltV
milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
Itlv191W~hl 2 1gt1fl1HlltlltH 1i1WU1Htlfllfll~h (y) ~lU1W 60 ii iUU111tlflIJtHluJ~h (x) iiflllJ
~ ~ ~ 2 i oJlllJflUfiIgt1ltYlJflli y= L5452x+40918 R = 05058 ttY U~lJ1l9
40
35
30 TI S 25 rsect c 20 j 15
F 10
5
0
0
rbull y~ LS4S2+40918
R~ OSOSS 6
255 15 201deg - m ~ U1~lifitU 11 (nn)
22
_I 11 1 Iflln1J1UHu1~fl11U0~lm1l11J11IUlu~
- r QJ r
1l [)tll6~61flU1l~m~IVlim~illl bull bull Sf
ntlVi6gmffl1II11l1U~tl1l~01ffJil~lJ1mlllhfd6UlhfUUhhl1l~hiT~Il1l6~lI~S VllJ
1J~1ruthtllti~IJ6~lhflll6~Viihiliif)i1f)Wru~U11tl ihmmJflJlJ lftl ~UlJiii6 illfl t1113 l1lJlIlI~ f bulllfl~flH )j61J61ffl6~ltlU1llllJYltI~6~U lUlId1UU11m~lJflIJtllJ1111Vl~lJtlrll1h 1161JntJ~mlll ~Vi
~I d ~ I ok d de x l q IIGI
lIlllJIJ1 Im~f)tl1JlI1IJln~mf) IJ~ 11ilfJ l 1mllUl~mfnJtl 1 lJtllJ1lJtlVltJ~tlIilVl11l11llll~milfI~
1IgtIgtllIlI1tlqt1f1lll11~ lilll1Jtl1uVl1J11lmtlmlltnil~u lJ1~U 11 fl6~fl~il~timhwf)~ltltIlJ flf1~16fllt1f)WtUII6~)j1~ (2543) i1V~ltlhIll1ml9itldlfll1ltl1II1Vi61fffJ6yitlU1niillJ Umli~VllJhv
tl1~1lJ1ltlutiuliim~llllitlutlftUillffVilrJltlll1~fl ImNutaphand (1979) 11l~ltjhlllll11fJ 9i tl1l fl11 tltfll1Vi111l1fll flqtyWtl i fllfll1J1nru111fUuihu1l11ti~1lll6~U1iTflVi~fllt1f)W ru~1 flll1J
nh1lfl
mUVljmlfJIJ6~(lhll1l~lu1Jgtlltli~111gt1t1~lI Vl1JlUvn~ f1l16~lIJ ltllI~~ lit6~ ~ 1flflll6~ ll~ ~ djltlflll6~YiiiIJtl1ll 11t)) ii~tlU1j) lflij~111llgtl1~lIl1~i~111~WV1~tll~iimlllll11lJ1flflh
A d lt) a a lt) ~ I A 5ff 0 d 1lll6~6t1 1 VllJUVl1llllllJlIlI~ ll11JJlf1lItVl~m~llllJlIu1fltll tl6~1l1m1JtIllllJlIYI6~llflllm tI6fl
f1~6~fllJ11 IlU (2533) i 1l~1tlhtl Il ~1JtlVlU1II1l11l~ tll1JflVllJltVl1m iI1lllIflJ1l1tllJ11101IllflUl
_I ~I J I I d d d d I
f1M~Jl~~ lI~lJlf)tllf1l16~1Jlf)1Jl11 CJHl1JtJtIlIJ1l6lll6~f1l1lNlI~ illI~ l tlllll IVlJ~llfll1CJr~1l6~
bull q ~ t q gt ~ q ~ 1 =~ ~ltl1t1t1llVlJ1fl IUlliilJII1ll I1l~llltl1 Itlllll~lI~ 1fl~~qtyVltl1j Itliltl1fllll IIl1 IVl iiltl1llllU
y
(2525) ~d1nilWtl~1II1U1~ltlflll6~lI~~ 6Jl~ il tI~lI tl11Jl~mlmllJWtl~llli1lllU~tll1J~ 1~Ilftl
fltI f11i ~11II1llUlii11 tia 6 d~f1 Jl )~ Jl ~ 6l ~lii6~1J 1~1fl lJ I 101filla~ lI ~~~I1JUl11 ci~ 61flVIJ 6~ 11111 VI j1
)jij~ih lWtJ~I tlVluiiUtlOafl14YU lBffll11J iUlJ11tlfllit6IillIlilUfltl 611 1m1~lrii6 dtifl1l6~lI~
~lIll1I lf~1nm1lJ~61111111ilUtfll1~n61~iiU~~i1Jl1ll111lV~tll1l 1~1Il(t1ci6lm~~flll6~1l~Ih I riiilllJiiu~l1JIlfUflU
~ ~ J2 llflllruYIWlfllVIU1
~flllru~l111 bull
~1f) f111 VI fl 1l 6~VllJ1111i llll uliitll1l~ l1ltllIll1lh~fl fl1 ~ 6~ II~~ (terrapin)
IItl1llltltj) lt1f)llrul~lnlt)1111Nl~6fltl~lm~11l 11111Ulijl~lJ~ltl1tl 5 ~lJ ff1UlJ111lt1~ii 4 y
~lJ IVlflliifJIlJlJtJ1fl illqiViqflii1i111Ufl 202 fill1fl1lJ fI11lJfl~1~mflN 484 CJrtl~lJm m111U11
bull bull
bull bull
23
~llll1lltl~(Jl~hlllJflmHlJIJ(Jliiu1 ihrfllJmIhhJtiltJ lJlhtltlfl 17 il1tlflilJ fl11lJJl1mIlB~~6~ 58
lIlligtilJ~1 fl11lJm1m~B~mj~ 60 lIll~llJm fl1~1I6~l1a~lJilnlibull fl11lJll~fl~H1Vlfl
mllJl~fl~l~~ 11h~lllfl~ lmJ~lldJlI 9l11~lJ1JlllfllJliiUIl1111l1flhllff~ mi~ ~ ~ ~ P I~middot ~ middot1 1fl~~llltltI1ll1fl11llflrjn flll m1 fltllJfl111l1lJ I U m1I6~11n~mmll lJtlllllJnfl] IJUUNU m IlIH
~ P _f d ~ 131 ltjI d P 1 l I II 4
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lJfl Ulffnlltf1Ul1 1lJlhhnn tJlmmjlJU1lIJtJlfllJffll1ii6~61lU iJff1l 1li~11JlliUIllff~ tf1jJ111~I~fl (Vlt$ltu j1 4 1$1
jjUfl11llfl~ Yl11lJ1lIllfllmII(J~mNlJlIflIJ1l1ll1ll 3 llflIJ ~flltl1~ 1 UOIJ lY1UUl~mII1l~Ul~tl ~ 1 n -l1 lflIJ ltllU1lIJm1i16~lJllflIJltllJllU1 fl~U1l~mliljH 1il1l16IJ lJUUllillllflfl111VlflllW lllJflll1l1
lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
mIl(J~l1n~iiltl1lJrmilllthU111~~IWlJl1fl111l1flliitJ 1lJnh~1I1iwli6~rUthlJflUlfljJ111~lJlflflh bull
lllflllJfJ
11 tiII~flUthtlfl~lUlt1jlJ lt111~16flaflll mUltJ ~l1~ (2543) mi1111111~lJe~ lYi1lllfl~ 11 lvi111 lI11JUiJfllJ
IJUllilfJTlflil ii1flUI11~il1tYfl111lnillYI111e~i U 91111l1ti ~tleU1tJ m~111~lJ lflfl111YillllflliJlJ li~il~
lYlBlt1fl1fliUfl11NlYlJliili mllJfflJIiU11iHfl11lJfr)11mIIBltlUnlll11UflIJltJ~vl61iUi CW =
VI(J ~fffl1lJ I HUVIB~l[JIJllYlJ6flU il tl Bli1li~lH U fl1 fl6~lJtllJUIJ flllHU fl1 flltJ~rllll1 U
bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
IiUi cw = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 Utlfl11lJfflJlitJ1111lt1fl11lJ[Jl1m1i16~ltllill1t1fl
~ ~ VIq~fl1j lJmHlfflJI1tJ1j
YiltllfJ~U~~flfflJlitJiflU~~mm1Ultl~mmfiU j~I11HliieUlmfllJii~~Utieu
itJ11fllJ NfflJliuititJUJ1~jiiIJJliifl 300 lllU~lJ~j lYilI1fl~jUl~~ 4 -1i1~lmm~fHI1iltI IJ ll~1111llflljj fJ I~hnllJ~U~ IillllU lli1~ iJiifflJtlltJ U lt1I1lt1)e 11)11li fI fflJlitJiflU111fliilff IJ~ j IJfl1U 11 tl~ ~lflfllt1lJIiU(1111llflljjfJlI~IJJlI461~mfJ1UI~eNlYlJ flU1Ii Ulil11~1~fIJ fl1~NtlJliuin~I~IJJl 14e1~l1ti1~hiNfflJIiUifllJlYi1Vlfl~ fl lilIi1fllllUlIil~U1tJBdIJllUfll~m16~ titJ tilVlvleliUiHlt1lJ
J1Vfl tB~fltiltJ~fllJfiffiJJltlflm (2529) fl~11h11NtlJIiUiflU~1I1Hlii6UflUlJ1fJuii~KtJl~ltJU
bullbull bull
bull bull
24
VId1ulUfhj~tJ1Fl1f1fitJui11t1hmll~~JlJl11J ~1ullinlll 2100 - 0400 U1Wf11 Mti~~lmfutlljlllil1 flmUll~lh1I ~1U1111iii~~ulli 5-18 VItJ1 ~lflf11~VIllllfl11iiJulljVluiIIli11nJ9iUlnll~1tJtJ1M11ltfl
f111V1fllfl1~ 1 il-iJ91gt1f1111HIi 571111tl11oilU~ UIIdjjli~lU1U 83 WN ilfl1Ilillltl1~ 2 iiall~l fll1mW 429 11ltl11oiluli lll~ii~lU111Ii 53 VItl~ U1JlilijjjJlm1fl 470-588 flill fl11lJfl~H 38shy
42 llfU~lJ91 fl111Wl1 65-68 lfU~llJfll
l1fl1lWUtl1 Ii
fl1lW~ lilllilll1lJ91UI1lil1l1111IhtiuIllll flllVItH ffUl1fltlltJIinlll1lfttlf1 Ii ~1UU 111
~ d~ j dy UUfl1911ll1IJlllllJllllflf111 II1l1f)1 ~ fJ11J1I1fl1ltJJ
69111flU1lBtYUii1IllflllVlfl
Iillilll1tJ9iunilVlmnU~1~nll1 88-99111 ~tjwMSJil268-318 HfIlllfllllli1l1j IIll
11 Jj ~ _ ~ 1 ~ f 7 fl11lJlIU lt1 lJj VI I 802-903 1JtllllfUIII UlllllV1 ~lflUlJjU1jll1llJ1~nltllM1lflflllV1fllltlUl 1 1Ill
lflflllV1fllltl1~ 2 iiall11flllVlmlJulll 458 1Ill~ 415 l1Ifllollu1 1II1lJlh~lJ tUflflWllfllltl1~ 1 mj
I1li11llYlfl~1111U 2 all illflflllV1lllfl1~ 2 Illl9hiJJVlfl~lU1U 1 ull tl1~Iatl~~lflflllhililJli11fl 1fllJiJ1Iilfl11111ilm111hh~fllJ1$iilJfl11mVIlJm~ltlflu Jm~liiU1J1i1111lIl1flllliitJ 308plusmn32
flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
VIilllfl~ lliI~11tJ1MllVi1HllflllllVluilllilll11J~Ulnilli~ 2 WI iliiifllllitl6111llflllVlmnllIll1I1liVllli
WllllltJ~ 111l1l viii1J~~1IJfl lM11141flYlllfiflJt1I1lJIl ~~jj11ll1illJ6~lfl11 iiallll1 fl11 Vl fll1]lJ ~11fltllfltJ1
Qt teldQ
fllJtl1M 11 VIlJ 111l1lJllfl l~fl11
fl11V1fllltJ1fffl1l1flll lJN11ll1ilu illiafll 1 11 ~ ulJ fl~11li11l1119iU l1lfl j1Jli1fl 1M 11~1IIllflullVlui bull
IlliltlllJfilllilfl1 2 lflf11~Illll~1 itliillllllifla91l1f111111 i uUll69111fll7Vlfl
1 rmfffl1l1fl-J~ihilu f1111jlVlU 1i~ii ~IlH1J1J7lnlJ 111m ullilVlfllu UtlflU fl11iif1Ufffllol1 ~ _ i 1middotmiddot 4 -l ~ ~ JiIf111U1U 1Jnfl Ufl1lllJ~flU L~U flll~1 nlJ M1mmfl~nfl UVIifllJ1Hlm1JiJlJ~WMlJlJllmllJ~Il
11
25
~ p ~ ~ ~ ~ bullbull ~ ~ ~ 111111111 U mtl~ulfJll 2539 fltlll1Jltlfl1lmfl~Un6pflll IlU ~1nVllnlltHu Vll 1VlV fl1N1Iljl flll
I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
rIUU lyj~I ljtJIli1t1 lIl1UVll nlllti Ilfl1lflW1Ul11 Itti nl1iJ Itfl~ti~U 2529 flllffml1lifv~ jIJ ~ I ~I
1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
lily ~ tI 4 It ltvIt t1IJlI lt111lJlJTUlII1 un 1lm vgWUIJ1t1 2525 l4tim1dl11IJUtiffVlJrl111l4UljlfllU1IJfI U
flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
1L1ilU ljfloWU( 2533 vhM111f1~ ~Tillt1~Ui1f1ifvl1Jll1iJflllitl~rl1U~11J1JlflUVllnfl ffl1llUIJ
i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
d tI~ ltI ~ 11gt ~ 1i(1lJti rllllt11~f VUUIlI rJllmiddotHlI~f 1i(Iln lllJUJllI1lI un mlln JfllJflW1U1Vl 2533 fllll1fllll
I
fl111J li1u1 U 1 ~1J flll1fi11ll1iiu61~Vlri1Jfl111J1lIflllfll 11lvhun61ll111ltlfl IIfl~1fl~lmm1J
11U~11Jfllff1J1JU11Jjlfl11Ugt~ltl2533 m1JU11H mYl 739-745~ hUfl~lUlrI~1Jflfl~flfllimjrullv~lfl~ 2543 lhiuumVlI1VlU dlUflllUtI~1Jfffl~IVmiflpoundjrullltl~ =OIV 4 d $1
lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
~ bull ~ q 1Iffl1UU tn1J1Vl1l~ 1Iti fll1il 1ilfj1JllI 2537 flIJIJ1I1UflII111tiIIIl1mlllIJ tU1JlVlf Vl(J 1Urll
~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
bull bull bull
14
I lt14 d ltaJ jI d ff1UlyenllUJ1JllUTWUfl1HW 158plusmn17 f11nmll ml11f111~f11~ilfJ~tmW 433plusmn2A 1lfUillllil~ Wl111Vl1
m~ilfJ~m~J 469plusmn15 llfU~tuil~ UlivtUlj1Ht 8 ijlFl 14 tilInFlTm~tli 571 lltlfo1u~ ii
~Ii~1U1U 83 vlfJ~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jm~U lOAplusmn43 vlfJ~I1llnJlfil~tltl1111illijUti lyenlff~ihilWiJfl~~J
lIUiiilJl lllffiilJlhhl1ilFl~liu 15Ot17 filnflill ml11f1~mmiltl~mli1J 431plusmn21 lf1J~llJil~
mllJm1m~ilfJ~m~1J 466plusmn19 IfUlIllJII1 llliwUim11i 6 ) IllFl 14 11 tiil~1f11111~H 429
lltlflltUli mli~1U1U 53 vltl~ M~tl1l1lJ1j)jIil~1J 88plusmn29 vltl~I1tlltl 8ilnFl1~VlFlllUIi1tm~8nFl1gt 9 ~ W 1 wi0ltlilllJ ~f111tfllJ~Fl1JmlW 458 lfl~ 415 1JtllllfU9l 1l1lJ1IlillJ Ui1iH U1lln~Il I IfI~ 2
lt lti j0
IV V I Illr I II t ~ ~IV M ~ IV I o1i d JJ 2 1l11Htl1 UlllUn frlmn114 m~fi11~lJnm~~J~IJJ~WJUtlWU~ lI1~1mml111 Il ~lU1U lJUll~J1l11m~1lf1lIUil1IJJ~9111nIJllUlI~VII11tl1111t1
1ltV1111111lllJlllmUJ
~ ~
W3WUi UJWUi UltIUI1 fI~l~ ~1l 1l111un fI~l~ 61l l1~~Ii 11ufi3ull ~lU1U llmiluii1 tmllfl 1u~1Ju1J 1~lJLlf1 ~lUll
(l1fl) (lIlJ) (Ji1l) (11fl) (lIlJ) (Jill) ~l1~1i Ii (WtH) (iil) () ~llfl (1u) ll1ii3nl~
iluiil (iil)
90 348 370 170 451 485 1112141 15 10 667 191342 98 10
84 340 370 155 425 460 II 1312141 5 5 1000 201342 97 5
54 292 316 158 428 464 22112141 9 4 444 28342 96 4
40 272 300 160 440 465 II 22112141 7 0 0
42 284 300 160 445 475 X ~
50 300 320 165 446 482 II 2411241 10 2 200 28342 94 2 (J1
70 338 364 132 390 444 X
52 308 328 145 420 463 X
62 316 346 140 392 468 X
54 294 320 202 484 505 II 3012141 18 10 555 21442 93 10
62 320 368 146 422 457 X
86 330 389 162 439 470 II 61142 8 0 0
72 320 361 150 430 450 X
54 301 324 164 450 475 121142 11 7 636 10442 88 7
62plusmn16 31plusmn23 341plusmn29 158plusmn7 433plusmn24 469plusmnJ5 lOAplusmn43 458 943plusmn36
1llJ 8 iil 83 wtH 38ii1 38 iil
c ~ ~
1ij1i1N 2 Jli1iln mllJf1~N Uflm1lJU11m~~ll~lJll~rlmlJI1lJi Jb~nfl1f1U1Ni~~llJ1lJ~Itfl69111f111V1ntlllJ~1IJ1l111mU~lJdl~~Miu1~middotm 1llHlJbJn~1J1miJlJfl
~ ~ Il~IlU~ ttlll1Ull
bull11lH1Jn n~l~ nll Jnnlfl 111~ ~ll 11~H 1u1~U1J ~U1U YlnJilu~1 iJil1JQf1 1UI~U1J jtJn~l ~U1U
(1m) (Ill) (lflJ) (lflJ) (lflJ) ~H1~ l~ (IN) (~1) () ~Ylf1 (1U) 1i~lJ16~
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90 358 380 164 432 469 91214 7 2 286 1813142 99 2
76 326 354 122 390 441 x 73 324 355 160 453 490 13112141 6 4 667 201342 97 4
46 283 300 170 445 475 18112141 11 5 455 2313142 95 5
46 280 308 170 458 497 25112141 10 5 500 2913142 94 5 ~
50 300 320 144 417 445 x 70 328 370 142 44S 475 x 62 314 350 172 440 488 211142 13 6 462 114142 89 6
54 301 330 130 410 453 X
50 296 304 156 446 460 X
67 320 352 164 420 455 911142 6 o o o ~
66 325 366 132 404 442 x 74 320 360 144 434 449 X
66 299 367 130 450 480 X
64plusmn13 313plusmn20 344plusmn26 IS0plusmn17 43lplusmn2i 466plusmn19 S8plusmn29 41S 948plusmn38
11lJ 6111 5314H 22)l 22)1
bull bull
bull bullbull
17
mliWl1llJ1N1j~~W1IJVi 9 iIJ11fllJ 2541 ~lJg~1IJVi 12 lJml1llJ 2542 1j1~1ltn1J
~IJ 1lfl1J11iI lb flIJ ltfllWJ flyj ~H ffll11fllilUj l~flUWiilllJ1flgflfl hlifhJf11jlJ1~11iijllflMru tniSlJlfl
fl111liillWlfllgflflh 1jdlfl IJ~flfl1~VIflmHVi 1 1m 2 IIlJlf)11illltnlflliIlV 529plusmn36 flilJ fl11lJ
fl1HmgJ 4QplusmnO1 l1IJilllJltfll fl11lJtJ11mgu 66plusmnO11l1IJilllJltfl1 1lJll11iflli~V 524plusmn21 flllJ fl1111
fl1l~Ii~V 40plusmnO1 1l1IJ~lJfll ml11Ul1m~1J 67plusmn01 l1IJ~lJltfl1lI1lJ-i1~U lJtjVJflyjl)~IlZiJyjl)~ 1)1f11ft1lI)IJI)~UIllJI)~lI1f11fl1vlIJ1lllltlilJl1~ rll)~~ iJli1mru 24 ~i1l~ IIMll1f11Il1VlJIl~~W1 IflfllIJ ~ timiii~i1rll)IJ ~iUfl11IlfflJvflilflfl1Jllifhlflj liitnl1lJliwliatlfl jiflJ qUl11~1IJh~lgfl
ltlJ jll11 hjlt~~~1fhIJlifl~~~(raquo1gfllI)fJilui11~lJtiI)WflliltJli1~1IVIl)fl iIJ Ilflfl1JVIfllltN~ 1
mjl~h liVlmlTll1IJ 2 UU 1IJ~flfl11V1fl1ll~~ 2 UUIWlUYlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 UU 1IJllflfl11V1flIHI~~ 1 Uti11i1 tiYlfl~TIl1IJ 2uU 1IJ~flfl11V1flntNVi 2 util~huVlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 uti Illl11iflllI)~HI~l (y) Vi)~1f1fl11
1Hjlll~til1IJili~ 2 lflfl11V101ntl~ ~11l1IJ 14 mi 5111 136 vltN il111111fflJI1mlilllJltflHfltlthmXfI
4 ltl 2 i _I dIJl~llJIIW1j (x) 0l1lJfflJfl11fltJ y = L8773x+21682 R = 06008 IIffVil~ lJllJrl 7 unOll1HVI 34
80
60 ~ ~ -~ c 40
r y ~ 1amp113x + 2l682
~i 20 R =06008
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IllH IlmhlIJl(nn)
ltili 7 fl11lJUlJI1m11wiwihmrfl Ii I~ lflIJIllt11ifllUMlJtlfil11ltJ~hHlJfl
ltC lt
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~ UlJI1tl1j 1li1~1 f1l1ll1
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(00) ( lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ)
170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
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164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
IllftfJ 167plusmn15 445plusmn18 476plusmn15 529plusmn36 40plusmn01 66plusmn01 308plusmn32 49+02 53+02
~
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mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
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Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
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48+02
1liVJft
5lplusmnO3
co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
~lU1llilh (y) ~i~mf1fl1j1Nl~IJJ~1iilfli~ 2 l~flWIlIltJ~ tllflUlli91l 14 u1i bull
11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
()
E
20
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15
10
5
0
y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
~tlll 8 f11111fflJilJlhI1h~hlJ1U 1lil~ ltiull1In1flu1iilJ (WiTiltlftlJl1l1l
jmlhi1flVJfl~lflllii~I~1lJil18 jjUlfllJ 10 lJlIlJlJ 2542 l~lmiddotn 88-99 llJ iI Q A IV ltI Iq
flrulUl1l 268-318 J~flWllmlflff f1111lIJUirlJIfIl1l 802-903 I1JVWlIlJllI (911jl~Il 5)
~ln~1l5 Jml1tliJIIv~IlnJ (Oe) lif111lJnfl 30 lIil~llJ91j 1l1lf1111JiilJirlJill1i() ilJUJYiflill~l ~
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Iifl 268 903
lJfl 282 830
fl Il 305 850 d
1111 306 802
Ill 318 894
llUlI) 296 plusmn20 856 plusmn43
bull bull bull
21
I II Q 4s T r t II I gt1 ~I ltltftill fl1WVIl~lJtJ~ IJUIltYtlHlllVWWVlfllJ1lgiraquo1Hm~tHVIl~HffjVI 3 Ill 4 UlJ1tl1 5-10 1W tJIi~~UI11Jtl tmt1lJOWllTI111 ~f1~hiiWf1~U~1imJ ] mi1IlltliMHhllgtlll ~luwifii~uj
(keel) gt~ll~uU11tf~ iltllim~l~mitlFluulfliim~llHn~uNuIll~lJ mIll~U~nmmiii bull
ll1vihllllltjjlJ~lU1U 3 ItfJU f1lUU1flllHraquoltl~ IllfJU tU11l1l ]ll 1 UfJU Ul1Im1l6l~WllUii laquo4 I I 013 II d II d d QIe l d J 1n14 d ll~1~fl11ll1Uraquo1ltltl flUl IJ tltlUUI1ltllJ1lJ VItHllUl1f1llJ U1HUltmmHU il1tl1tHUl tltlllUU t lJlItflltlgt
t~ml1l(J HlllJl11J-lJlm 08 tlfU9IllJl1Ii
I bull ltII II dl II ltto laquo4 At ltII d ~ fl1111 ill fllJllt Ill fill 1j Il VI1ltlJ I111 Vll M 1 l ttY j lJ 1i111lJ Ul lJ IIU 111 llH II IlLUltl1l
ltV v d ltr d 3R8plusmn32 flilJ fl11lJfl11lm1l6tUltlIJ 49plusmnO2 llUl1ItlJIl Ull1J11lJIJ11mI1lltUlllJ 53plusmnO2
bull tI bull
1IfW~tlJi1Ij 1i1WI1VitnJl~1(J61H1i littYllJ1i111iiugiiIJU 11llllMtlflIIInJ 281plusmn26 fl~lJ f111lJfl ~H d lo cl ltV
milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
Itlv191W~hl 2 1gt1fl1HlltlltH 1i1WU1Htlfllfll~h (y) ~lU1W 60 ii iUU111tlflIJtHluJ~h (x) iiflllJ
~ ~ ~ 2 i oJlllJflUfiIgt1ltYlJflli y= L5452x+40918 R = 05058 ttY U~lJ1l9
40
35
30 TI S 25 rsect c 20 j 15
F 10
5
0
0
rbull y~ LS4S2+40918
R~ OSOSS 6
255 15 201deg - m ~ U1~lifitU 11 (nn)
22
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- r QJ r
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ntlVi6gmffl1II11l1U~tl1l~01ffJil~lJ1mlllhfd6UlhfUUhhl1l~hiT~Il1l6~lI~S VllJ
1J~1ruthtllti~IJ6~lhflll6~Viihiliif)i1f)Wru~U11tl ihmmJflJlJ lftl ~UlJiii6 illfl t1113 l1lJlIlI~ f bulllfl~flH )j61J61ffl6~ltlU1llllJYltI~6~U lUlId1UU11m~lJflIJtllJ1111Vl~lJtlrll1h 1161JntJ~mlll ~Vi
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lIlllJIJ1 Im~f)tl1JlI1IJln~mf) IJ~ 11ilfJ l 1mllUl~mfnJtl 1 lJtllJ1lJtlVltJ~tlIilVl11l11llll~milfI~
1IgtIgtllIlI1tlqt1f1lll11~ lilll1Jtl1uVl1J11lmtlmlltnil~u lJ1~U 11 fl6~fl~il~timhwf)~ltltIlJ flf1~16fllt1f)WtUII6~)j1~ (2543) i1V~ltlhIll1ml9itldlfll1ltl1II1Vi61fffJ6yitlU1niillJ Umli~VllJhv
tl1~1lJ1ltlutiuliim~llllitlutlftUillffVilrJltlll1~fl ImNutaphand (1979) 11l~ltjhlllll11fJ 9i tl1l fl11 tltfll1Vi111l1fll flqtyWtl i fllfll1J1nru111fUuihu1l11ti~1lll6~U1iTflVi~fllt1f)W ru~1 flll1J
nh1lfl
mUVljmlfJIJ6~(lhll1l~lu1Jgtlltli~111gt1t1~lI Vl1JlUvn~ f1l16~lIJ ltllI~~ lit6~ ~ 1flflll6~ ll~ ~ djltlflll6~YiiiIJtl1ll 11t)) ii~tlU1j) lflij~111llgtl1~lIl1~i~111~WV1~tll~iimlllll11lJ1flflh
A d lt) a a lt) ~ I A 5ff 0 d 1lll6~6t1 1 VllJUVl1llllllJlIlI~ ll11JJlf1lItVl~m~llllJlIu1fltll tl6~1l1m1JtIllllJlIYI6~llflllm tI6fl
f1~6~fllJ11 IlU (2533) i 1l~1tlhtl Il ~1JtlVlU1II1l11l~ tll1JflVllJltVl1m iI1lllIflJ1l1tllJ11101IllflUl
_I ~I J I I d d d d I
f1M~Jl~~ lI~lJlf)tllf1l16~1Jlf)1Jl11 CJHl1JtJtIlIJ1l6lll6~f1l1lNlI~ illI~ l tlllll IVlJ~llfll1CJr~1l6~
bull q ~ t q gt ~ q ~ 1 =~ ~ltl1t1t1llVlJ1fl IUlliilJII1ll I1l~llltl1 Itlllll~lI~ 1fl~~qtyVltl1j Itliltl1fllll IIl1 IVl iiltl1llllU
y
(2525) ~d1nilWtl~1II1U1~ltlflll6~lI~~ 6Jl~ il tI~lI tl11Jl~mlmllJWtl~llli1lllU~tll1J~ 1~Ilftl
fltI f11i ~11II1llUlii11 tia 6 d~f1 Jl )~ Jl ~ 6l ~lii6~1J 1~1fl lJ I 101filla~ lI ~~~I1JUl11 ci~ 61flVIJ 6~ 11111 VI j1
)jij~ih lWtJ~I tlVluiiUtlOafl14YU lBffll11J iUlJ11tlfllit6IillIlilUfltl 611 1m1~lrii6 dtifl1l6~lI~
~lIll1I lf~1nm1lJ~61111111ilUtfll1~n61~iiU~~i1Jl1ll111lV~tll1l 1~1Il(t1ci6lm~~flll6~1l~Ih I riiilllJiiu~l1JIlfUflU
~ ~ J2 llflllruYIWlfllVIU1
~flllru~l111 bull
~1f) f111 VI fl 1l 6~VllJ1111i llll uliitll1l~ l1ltllIll1lh~fl fl1 ~ 6~ II~~ (terrapin)
IItl1llltltj) lt1f)llrul~lnlt)1111Nl~6fltl~lm~11l 11111Ulijl~lJ~ltl1tl 5 ~lJ ff1UlJ111lt1~ii 4 y
~lJ IVlflliifJIlJlJtJ1fl illqiViqflii1i111Ufl 202 fill1fl1lJ fI11lJfl~1~mflN 484 CJrtl~lJm m111U11
bull bull
bull bull
23
~llll1lltl~(Jl~hlllJflmHlJIJ(Jliiu1 ihrfllJmIhhJtiltJ lJlhtltlfl 17 il1tlflilJ fl11lJJl1mIlB~~6~ 58
lIlligtilJ~1 fl11lJm1m~B~mj~ 60 lIll~llJm fl1~1I6~l1a~lJilnlibull fl11lJll~fl~H1Vlfl
mllJl~fl~l~~ 11h~lllfl~ lmJ~lldJlI 9l11~lJ1JlllfllJliiUIl1111l1flhllff~ mi~ ~ ~ ~ P I~middot ~ middot1 1fl~~llltltI1ll1fl11llflrjn flll m1 fltllJfl111l1lJ I U m1I6~11n~mmll lJtlllllJnfl] IJUUNU m IlIH
~ P _f d ~ 131 ltjI d P 1 l I II 4
U (J UlJ lfl m lltH Ill U 1l6~jjfl ~ lJ UNll Vl6~l U66fllJlU 1~ll6fllI flU 61lliN 11 mIlB~UYIn W-IU IlJ lJmll y
lJfl Ulffnlltf1Ul1 1lJlhhnn tJlmmjlJU1lIJtJlfllJffll1ii6~61lU iJff1l 1li~11JlliUIllff~ tf1jJ111~I~fl (Vlt$ltu j1 4 1$1
jjUfl11llfl~ Yl11lJ1lIllfllmII(J~mNlJlIflIJ1l1ll1ll 3 llflIJ ~flltl1~ 1 UOIJ lY1UUl~mII1l~Ul~tl ~ 1 n -l1 lflIJ ltllU1lIJm1i16~lJllflIJltllJllU1 fl~U1l~mliljH 1il1l16IJ lJUUllillllflfl111VlflllW lllJflll1l1
lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
mIl(J~l1n~iiltl1lJrmilllthU111~~IWlJl1fl111l1flliitJ 1lJnh~1I1iwli6~rUthlJflUlfljJ111~lJlflflh bull
lllflllJfJ
11 tiII~flUthtlfl~lUlt1jlJ lt111~16flaflll mUltJ ~l1~ (2543) mi1111111~lJe~ lYi1lllfl~ 11 lvi111 lI11JUiJfllJ
IJUllilfJTlflil ii1flUI11~il1tYfl111lnillYI111e~i U 91111l1ti ~tleU1tJ m~111~lJ lflfl111YillllflliJlJ li~il~
lYlBlt1fl1fliUfl11NlYlJliili mllJfflJIiU11iHfl11lJfr)11mIIBltlUnlll11UflIJltJ~vl61iUi CW =
VI(J ~fffl1lJ I HUVIB~l[JIJllYlJ6flU il tl Bli1li~lH U fl1 fl6~lJtllJUIJ flllHU fl1 flltJ~rllll1 U
bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
IiUi cw = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 Utlfl11lJfflJlitJ1111lt1fl11lJ[Jl1m1i16~ltllill1t1fl
~ ~ VIq~fl1j lJmHlfflJI1tJ1j
YiltllfJ~U~~flfflJlitJiflU~~mm1Ultl~mmfiU j~I11HliieUlmfllJii~~Utieu
itJ11fllJ NfflJliuititJUJ1~jiiIJJliifl 300 lllU~lJ~j lYilI1fl~jUl~~ 4 -1i1~lmm~fHI1iltI IJ ll~1111llflljj fJ I~hnllJ~U~ IillllU lli1~ iJiifflJtlltJ U lt1I1lt1)e 11)11li fI fflJlitJiflU111fliilff IJ~ j IJfl1U 11 tl~ ~lflfllt1lJIiU(1111llflljjfJlI~IJJlI461~mfJ1UI~eNlYlJ flU1Ii Ulil11~1~fIJ fl1~NtlJliuin~I~IJJl 14e1~l1ti1~hiNfflJIiUifllJlYi1Vlfl~ fl lilIi1fllllUlIil~U1tJBdIJllUfll~m16~ titJ tilVlvleliUiHlt1lJ
J1Vfl tB~fltiltJ~fllJfiffiJJltlflm (2529) fl~11h11NtlJIiUiflU~1I1Hlii6UflUlJ1fJuii~KtJl~ltJU
bullbull bull
bull bull
24
VId1ulUfhj~tJ1Fl1f1fitJui11t1hmll~~JlJl11J ~1ullinlll 2100 - 0400 U1Wf11 Mti~~lmfutlljlllil1 flmUll~lh1I ~1U1111iii~~ulli 5-18 VItJ1 ~lflf11~VIllllfl11iiJulljVluiIIli11nJ9iUlnll~1tJtJ1M11ltfl
f111V1fllfl1~ 1 il-iJ91gt1f1111HIi 571111tl11oilU~ UIIdjjli~lU1U 83 WN ilfl1Ilillltl1~ 2 iiall~l fll1mW 429 11ltl11oiluli lll~ii~lU111Ii 53 VItl~ U1JlilijjjJlm1fl 470-588 flill fl11lJfl~H 38shy
42 llfU~lJ91 fl111Wl1 65-68 lfU~llJfll
l1fl1lWUtl1 Ii
fl1lW~ lilllilll1lJ91UI1lil1l1111IhtiuIllll flllVItH ffUl1fltlltJIinlll1lfttlf1 Ii ~1UU 111
~ d~ j dy UUfl1911ll1IJlllllJllllflf111 II1l1f)1 ~ fJ11J1I1fl1ltJJ
69111flU1lBtYUii1IllflllVlfl
Iillilll1tJ9iunilVlmnU~1~nll1 88-99111 ~tjwMSJil268-318 HfIlllfllllli1l1j IIll
11 Jj ~ _ ~ 1 ~ f 7 fl11lJlIU lt1 lJj VI I 802-903 1JtllllfUIII UlllllV1 ~lflUlJjU1jll1llJ1~nltllM1lflflllV1fllltlUl 1 1Ill
lflflllV1fllltl1~ 2 iiall11flllVlmlJulll 458 1Ill~ 415 l1Ifllollu1 1II1lJlh~lJ tUflflWllfllltl1~ 1 mj
I1li11llYlfl~1111U 2 all illflflllV1lllfl1~ 2 Illl9hiJJVlfl~lU1U 1 ull tl1~Iatl~~lflflllhililJli11fl 1fllJiJ1Iilfl11111ilm111hh~fllJ1$iilJfl11mVIlJm~ltlflu Jm~liiU1J1i1111lIl1flllliitJ 308plusmn32
flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
VIilllfl~ lliI~11tJ1MllVi1HllflllllVluilllilll11J~Ulnilli~ 2 WI iliiifllllitl6111llflllVlmnllIll1I1liVllli
WllllltJ~ 111l1l viii1J~~1IJfl lM11141flYlllfiflJt1I1lJIl ~~jj11ll1illJ6~lfl11 iiallll1 fl11 Vl fll1]lJ ~11fltllfltJ1
Qt teldQ
fllJtl1M 11 VIlJ 111l1lJllfl l~fl11
fl11V1fllltJ1fffl1l1flll lJN11ll1ilu illiafll 1 11 ~ ulJ fl~11li11l1119iU l1lfl j1Jli1fl 1M 11~1IIllflullVlui bull
IlliltlllJfilllilfl1 2 lflf11~Illll~1 itliillllllifla91l1f111111 i uUll69111fll7Vlfl
1 rmfffl1l1fl-J~ihilu f1111jlVlU 1i~ii ~IlH1J1J7lnlJ 111m ullilVlfllu UtlflU fl11iif1Ufffllol1 ~ _ i 1middotmiddot 4 -l ~ ~ JiIf111U1U 1Jnfl Ufl1lllJ~flU L~U flll~1 nlJ M1mmfl~nfl UVIifllJ1Hlm1JiJlJ~WMlJlJllmllJ~Il
11
25
~ p ~ ~ ~ ~ bullbull ~ ~ ~ 111111111 U mtl~ulfJll 2539 fltlll1Jltlfl1lmfl~Un6pflll IlU ~1nVllnlltHu Vll 1VlV fl1N1Iljl flll
I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
rIUU lyj~I ljtJIli1t1 lIl1UVll nlllti Ilfl1lflW1Ul11 Itti nl1iJ Itfl~ti~U 2529 flllffml1lifv~ jIJ ~ I ~I
1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
lily ~ tI 4 It ltvIt t1IJlI lt111lJlJTUlII1 un 1lm vgWUIJ1t1 2525 l4tim1dl11IJUtiffVlJrl111l4UljlfllU1IJfI U
flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
1L1ilU ljfloWU( 2533 vhM111f1~ ~Tillt1~Ui1f1ifvl1Jll1iJflllitl~rl1U~11J1JlflUVllnfl ffl1llUIJ
i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
d tI~ ltI ~ 11gt ~ 1i(1lJti rllllt11~f VUUIlI rJllmiddotHlI~f 1i(Iln lllJUJllI1lI un mlln JfllJflW1U1Vl 2533 fllll1fllll
I
fl111J li1u1 U 1 ~1J flll1fi11ll1iiu61~Vlri1Jfl111J1lIflllfll 11lvhun61ll111ltlfl IIfl~1fl~lmm1J
11U~11Jfllff1J1JU11Jjlfl11Ugt~ltl2533 m1JU11H mYl 739-745~ hUfl~lUlrI~1Jflfl~flfllimjrullv~lfl~ 2543 lhiuumVlI1VlU dlUflllUtI~1Jfffl~IVmiflpoundjrullltl~ =OIV 4 d $1
lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
~ bull ~ q 1Iffl1UU tn1J1Vl1l~ 1Iti fll1il 1ilfj1JllI 2537 flIJIJ1I1UflII111tiIIIl1mlllIJ tU1JlVlf Vl(J 1Urll
~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
lt lti j0
IV V I Illr I II t ~ ~IV M ~ IV I o1i d JJ 2 1l11Htl1 UlllUn frlmn114 m~fi11~lJnm~~J~IJJ~WJUtlWU~ lI1~1mml111 Il ~lU1U lJUll~J1l11m~1lf1lIUil1IJJ~9111nIJllUlI~VII11tl1111t1
1ltV1111111lllJlllmUJ
~ ~
W3WUi UJWUi UltIUI1 fI~l~ ~1l 1l111un fI~l~ 61l l1~~Ii 11ufi3ull ~lU1U llmiluii1 tmllfl 1u~1Ju1J 1~lJLlf1 ~lUll
(l1fl) (lIlJ) (Ji1l) (11fl) (lIlJ) (Jill) ~l1~1i Ii (WtH) (iil) () ~llfl (1u) ll1ii3nl~
iluiil (iil)
90 348 370 170 451 485 1112141 15 10 667 191342 98 10
84 340 370 155 425 460 II 1312141 5 5 1000 201342 97 5
54 292 316 158 428 464 22112141 9 4 444 28342 96 4
40 272 300 160 440 465 II 22112141 7 0 0
42 284 300 160 445 475 X ~
50 300 320 165 446 482 II 2411241 10 2 200 28342 94 2 (J1
70 338 364 132 390 444 X
52 308 328 145 420 463 X
62 316 346 140 392 468 X
54 294 320 202 484 505 II 3012141 18 10 555 21442 93 10
62 320 368 146 422 457 X
86 330 389 162 439 470 II 61142 8 0 0
72 320 361 150 430 450 X
54 301 324 164 450 475 121142 11 7 636 10442 88 7
62plusmn16 31plusmn23 341plusmn29 158plusmn7 433plusmn24 469plusmnJ5 lOAplusmn43 458 943plusmn36
1llJ 8 iil 83 wtH 38ii1 38 iil
c ~ ~
1ij1i1N 2 Jli1iln mllJf1~N Uflm1lJU11m~~ll~lJll~rlmlJI1lJi Jb~nfl1f1U1Ni~~llJ1lJ~Itfl69111f111V1ntlllJ~1IJ1l111mU~lJdl~~Miu1~middotm 1llHlJbJn~1J1miJlJfl
~ ~ Il~IlU~ ttlll1Ull
bull11lH1Jn n~l~ nll Jnnlfl 111~ ~ll 11~H 1u1~U1J ~U1U YlnJilu~1 iJil1JQf1 1UI~U1J jtJn~l ~U1U
(1m) (Ill) (lflJ) (lflJ) (lflJ) ~H1~ l~ (IN) (~1) () ~Ylf1 (1U) 1i~lJ16~
lriU111 (~1)
90 358 380 164 432 469 91214 7 2 286 1813142 99 2
76 326 354 122 390 441 x 73 324 355 160 453 490 13112141 6 4 667 201342 97 4
46 283 300 170 445 475 18112141 11 5 455 2313142 95 5
46 280 308 170 458 497 25112141 10 5 500 2913142 94 5 ~
50 300 320 144 417 445 x 70 328 370 142 44S 475 x 62 314 350 172 440 488 211142 13 6 462 114142 89 6
54 301 330 130 410 453 X
50 296 304 156 446 460 X
67 320 352 164 420 455 911142 6 o o o ~
66 325 366 132 404 442 x 74 320 360 144 434 449 X
66 299 367 130 450 480 X
64plusmn13 313plusmn20 344plusmn26 IS0plusmn17 43lplusmn2i 466plusmn19 S8plusmn29 41S 948plusmn38
11lJ 6111 5314H 22)l 22)1
bull bull
bull bullbull
17
mliWl1llJ1N1j~~W1IJVi 9 iIJ11fllJ 2541 ~lJg~1IJVi 12 lJml1llJ 2542 1j1~1ltn1J
~IJ 1lfl1J11iI lb flIJ ltfllWJ flyj ~H ffll11fllilUj l~flUWiilllJ1flgflfl hlifhJf11jlJ1~11iijllflMru tniSlJlfl
fl111liillWlfllgflflh 1jdlfl IJ~flfl1~VIflmHVi 1 1m 2 IIlJlf)11illltnlflliIlV 529plusmn36 flilJ fl11lJ
fl1HmgJ 4QplusmnO1 l1IJilllJltfll fl11lJtJ11mgu 66plusmnO11l1IJilllJltfl1 1lJll11iflli~V 524plusmn21 flllJ fl1111
fl1l~Ii~V 40plusmnO1 1l1IJ~lJfll ml11Ul1m~1J 67plusmn01 l1IJ~lJltfl1lI1lJ-i1~U lJtjVJflyjl)~IlZiJyjl)~ 1)1f11ft1lI)IJI)~UIllJI)~lI1f11fl1vlIJ1lllltlilJl1~ rll)~~ iJli1mru 24 ~i1l~ IIMll1f11Il1VlJIl~~W1 IflfllIJ ~ timiii~i1rll)IJ ~iUfl11IlfflJvflilflfl1Jllifhlflj liitnl1lJliwliatlfl jiflJ qUl11~1IJh~lgfl
ltlJ jll11 hjlt~~~1fhIJlifl~~~(raquo1gfllI)fJilui11~lJtiI)WflliltJli1~1IVIl)fl iIJ Ilflfl1JVIfllltN~ 1
mjl~h liVlmlTll1IJ 2 UU 1IJ~flfl11V1fl1ll~~ 2 UUIWlUYlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 UU 1IJllflfl11V1flIHI~~ 1 Uti11i1 tiYlfl~TIl1IJ 2uU 1IJ~flfl11V1flntNVi 2 util~huVlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 uti Illl11iflllI)~HI~l (y) Vi)~1f1fl11
1Hjlll~til1IJili~ 2 lflfl11V101ntl~ ~11l1IJ 14 mi 5111 136 vltN il111111fflJI1mlilllJltflHfltlthmXfI
4 ltl 2 i _I dIJl~llJIIW1j (x) 0l1lJfflJfl11fltJ y = L8773x+21682 R = 06008 IIffVil~ lJllJrl 7 unOll1HVI 34
80
60 ~ ~ -~ c 40
r y ~ 1amp113x + 2l682
~i 20 R =06008
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IllH IlmhlIJl(nn)
ltili 7 fl11lJUlJI1m11wiwihmrfl Ii I~ lflIJIllt11ifllUMlJtlfil11ltJ~hHlJfl
ltC lt
I ll
(11m~J 3 U11~1lit~mftUU1~lm~lliwml)0illO1li U)~Ull~uiYil1l1ft)~~J~~w~mmlll~lJ1nlJU~ tllq 1 1U
~ UlJI1tl1j 1li1~1 f1l1ll1
bullbull ~ bullbull ~ bullbull ~ tllWWO O~H em Ul11Ufl O~l~ 1111 IllllUfl fl1H fin
(00) ( lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ)
170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
OJ
164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
IllftfJ 167plusmn15 445plusmn18 476plusmn15 529plusmn36 40plusmn01 66plusmn01 308plusmn32 49+02 53+02
~
eo ~
bull JO
mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
~ UlJWWl i~~l )111911bull
~bull bullbull bull~
Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
iliVJft
48+02
1liVJft
5lplusmnO3
co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
~lU1llilh (y) ~i~mf1fl1j1Nl~IJJ~1iilfli~ 2 l~flWIlIltJ~ tllflUlli91l 14 u1i bull
11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
()
E
20
~ ~ gt ~
i ~
15
10
5
0
y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
~tlll 8 f11111fflJilJlhI1h~hlJ1U 1lil~ ltiull1In1flu1iilJ (WiTiltlftlJl1l1l
jmlhi1flVJfl~lflllii~I~1lJil18 jjUlfllJ 10 lJlIlJlJ 2542 l~lmiddotn 88-99 llJ iI Q A IV ltI Iq
flrulUl1l 268-318 J~flWllmlflff f1111lIJUirlJIfIl1l 802-903 I1JVWlIlJllI (911jl~Il 5)
~ln~1l5 Jml1tliJIIv~IlnJ (Oe) lif111lJnfl 30 lIil~llJ91j 1l1lf1111JiilJirlJill1i() ilJUJYiflill~l ~
I J tV ~ lVitll llml1JlJ
~
(0C) f111lJlfIJ 1JIlllll()
Iifl 268 903
lJfl 282 830
fl Il 305 850 d
1111 306 802
Ill 318 894
llUlI) 296 plusmn20 856 plusmn43
bull bull bull
21
I II Q 4s T r t II I gt1 ~I ltltftill fl1WVIl~lJtJ~ IJUIltYtlHlllVWWVlfllJ1lgiraquo1Hm~tHVIl~HffjVI 3 Ill 4 UlJ1tl1 5-10 1W tJIi~~UI11Jtl tmt1lJOWllTI111 ~f1~hiiWf1~U~1imJ ] mi1IlltliMHhllgtlll ~luwifii~uj
(keel) gt~ll~uU11tf~ iltllim~l~mitlFluulfliim~llHn~uNuIll~lJ mIll~U~nmmiii bull
ll1vihllllltjjlJ~lU1U 3 ItfJU f1lUU1flllHraquoltl~ IllfJU tU11l1l ]ll 1 UfJU Ul1Im1l6l~WllUii laquo4 I I 013 II d II d d QIe l d J 1n14 d ll~1~fl11ll1Uraquo1ltltl flUl IJ tltlUUI1ltllJ1lJ VItHllUl1f1llJ U1HUltmmHU il1tl1tHUl tltlllUU t lJlItflltlgt
t~ml1l(J HlllJl11J-lJlm 08 tlfU9IllJl1Ii
I bull ltII II dl II ltto laquo4 At ltII d ~ fl1111 ill fllJllt Ill fill 1j Il VI1ltlJ I111 Vll M 1 l ttY j lJ 1i111lJ Ul lJ IIU 111 llH II IlLUltl1l
ltV v d ltr d 3R8plusmn32 flilJ fl11lJfl11lm1l6tUltlIJ 49plusmnO2 llUl1ItlJIl Ull1J11lJIJ11mI1lltUlllJ 53plusmnO2
bull tI bull
1IfW~tlJi1Ij 1i1WI1VitnJl~1(J61H1i littYllJ1i111iiugiiIJU 11llllMtlflIIInJ 281plusmn26 fl~lJ f111lJfl ~H d lo cl ltV
milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
Itlv191W~hl 2 1gt1fl1HlltlltH 1i1WU1Htlfllfll~h (y) ~lU1W 60 ii iUU111tlflIJtHluJ~h (x) iiflllJ
~ ~ ~ 2 i oJlllJflUfiIgt1ltYlJflli y= L5452x+40918 R = 05058 ttY U~lJ1l9
40
35
30 TI S 25 rsect c 20 j 15
F 10
5
0
0
rbull y~ LS4S2+40918
R~ OSOSS 6
255 15 201deg - m ~ U1~lifitU 11 (nn)
22
_I 11 1 Iflln1J1UHu1~fl11U0~lm1l11J11IUlu~
- r QJ r
1l [)tll6~61flU1l~m~IVlim~illl bull bull Sf
ntlVi6gmffl1II11l1U~tl1l~01ffJil~lJ1mlllhfd6UlhfUUhhl1l~hiT~Il1l6~lI~S VllJ
1J~1ruthtllti~IJ6~lhflll6~Viihiliif)i1f)Wru~U11tl ihmmJflJlJ lftl ~UlJiii6 illfl t1113 l1lJlIlI~ f bulllfl~flH )j61J61ffl6~ltlU1llllJYltI~6~U lUlId1UU11m~lJflIJtllJ1111Vl~lJtlrll1h 1161JntJ~mlll ~Vi
~I d ~ I ok d de x l q IIGI
lIlllJIJ1 Im~f)tl1JlI1IJln~mf) IJ~ 11ilfJ l 1mllUl~mfnJtl 1 lJtllJ1lJtlVltJ~tlIilVl11l11llll~milfI~
1IgtIgtllIlI1tlqt1f1lll11~ lilll1Jtl1uVl1J11lmtlmlltnil~u lJ1~U 11 fl6~fl~il~timhwf)~ltltIlJ flf1~16fllt1f)WtUII6~)j1~ (2543) i1V~ltlhIll1ml9itldlfll1ltl1II1Vi61fffJ6yitlU1niillJ Umli~VllJhv
tl1~1lJ1ltlutiuliim~llllitlutlftUillffVilrJltlll1~fl ImNutaphand (1979) 11l~ltjhlllll11fJ 9i tl1l fl11 tltfll1Vi111l1fll flqtyWtl i fllfll1J1nru111fUuihu1l11ti~1lll6~U1iTflVi~fllt1f)W ru~1 flll1J
nh1lfl
mUVljmlfJIJ6~(lhll1l~lu1Jgtlltli~111gt1t1~lI Vl1JlUvn~ f1l16~lIJ ltllI~~ lit6~ ~ 1flflll6~ ll~ ~ djltlflll6~YiiiIJtl1ll 11t)) ii~tlU1j) lflij~111llgtl1~lIl1~i~111~WV1~tll~iimlllll11lJ1flflh
A d lt) a a lt) ~ I A 5ff 0 d 1lll6~6t1 1 VllJUVl1llllllJlIlI~ ll11JJlf1lItVl~m~llllJlIu1fltll tl6~1l1m1JtIllllJlIYI6~llflllm tI6fl
f1~6~fllJ11 IlU (2533) i 1l~1tlhtl Il ~1JtlVlU1II1l11l~ tll1JflVllJltVl1m iI1lllIflJ1l1tllJ11101IllflUl
_I ~I J I I d d d d I
f1M~Jl~~ lI~lJlf)tllf1l16~1Jlf)1Jl11 CJHl1JtJtIlIJ1l6lll6~f1l1lNlI~ illI~ l tlllll IVlJ~llfll1CJr~1l6~
bull q ~ t q gt ~ q ~ 1 =~ ~ltl1t1t1llVlJ1fl IUlliilJII1ll I1l~llltl1 Itlllll~lI~ 1fl~~qtyVltl1j Itliltl1fllll IIl1 IVl iiltl1llllU
y
(2525) ~d1nilWtl~1II1U1~ltlflll6~lI~~ 6Jl~ il tI~lI tl11Jl~mlmllJWtl~llli1lllU~tll1J~ 1~Ilftl
fltI f11i ~11II1llUlii11 tia 6 d~f1 Jl )~ Jl ~ 6l ~lii6~1J 1~1fl lJ I 101filla~ lI ~~~I1JUl11 ci~ 61flVIJ 6~ 11111 VI j1
)jij~ih lWtJ~I tlVluiiUtlOafl14YU lBffll11J iUlJ11tlfllit6IillIlilUfltl 611 1m1~lrii6 dtifl1l6~lI~
~lIll1I lf~1nm1lJ~61111111ilUtfll1~n61~iiU~~i1Jl1ll111lV~tll1l 1~1Il(t1ci6lm~~flll6~1l~Ih I riiilllJiiu~l1JIlfUflU
~ ~ J2 llflllruYIWlfllVIU1
~flllru~l111 bull
~1f) f111 VI fl 1l 6~VllJ1111i llll uliitll1l~ l1ltllIll1lh~fl fl1 ~ 6~ II~~ (terrapin)
IItl1llltltj) lt1f)llrul~lnlt)1111Nl~6fltl~lm~11l 11111Ulijl~lJ~ltl1tl 5 ~lJ ff1UlJ111lt1~ii 4 y
~lJ IVlflliifJIlJlJtJ1fl illqiViqflii1i111Ufl 202 fill1fl1lJ fI11lJfl~1~mflN 484 CJrtl~lJm m111U11
bull bull
bull bull
23
~llll1lltl~(Jl~hlllJflmHlJIJ(Jliiu1 ihrfllJmIhhJtiltJ lJlhtltlfl 17 il1tlflilJ fl11lJJl1mIlB~~6~ 58
lIlligtilJ~1 fl11lJm1m~B~mj~ 60 lIll~llJm fl1~1I6~l1a~lJilnlibull fl11lJll~fl~H1Vlfl
mllJl~fl~l~~ 11h~lllfl~ lmJ~lldJlI 9l11~lJ1JlllfllJliiUIl1111l1flhllff~ mi~ ~ ~ ~ P I~middot ~ middot1 1fl~~llltltI1ll1fl11llflrjn flll m1 fltllJfl111l1lJ I U m1I6~11n~mmll lJtlllllJnfl] IJUUNU m IlIH
~ P _f d ~ 131 ltjI d P 1 l I II 4
U (J UlJ lfl m lltH Ill U 1l6~jjfl ~ lJ UNll Vl6~l U66fllJlU 1~ll6fllI flU 61lliN 11 mIlB~UYIn W-IU IlJ lJmll y
lJfl Ulffnlltf1Ul1 1lJlhhnn tJlmmjlJU1lIJtJlfllJffll1ii6~61lU iJff1l 1li~11JlliUIllff~ tf1jJ111~I~fl (Vlt$ltu j1 4 1$1
jjUfl11llfl~ Yl11lJ1lIllfllmII(J~mNlJlIflIJ1l1ll1ll 3 llflIJ ~flltl1~ 1 UOIJ lY1UUl~mII1l~Ul~tl ~ 1 n -l1 lflIJ ltllU1lIJm1i16~lJllflIJltllJllU1 fl~U1l~mliljH 1il1l16IJ lJUUllillllflfl111VlflllW lllJflll1l1
lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
mIl(J~l1n~iiltl1lJrmilllthU111~~IWlJl1fl111l1flliitJ 1lJnh~1I1iwli6~rUthlJflUlfljJ111~lJlflflh bull
lllflllJfJ
11 tiII~flUthtlfl~lUlt1jlJ lt111~16flaflll mUltJ ~l1~ (2543) mi1111111~lJe~ lYi1lllfl~ 11 lvi111 lI11JUiJfllJ
IJUllilfJTlflil ii1flUI11~il1tYfl111lnillYI111e~i U 91111l1ti ~tleU1tJ m~111~lJ lflfl111YillllflliJlJ li~il~
lYlBlt1fl1fliUfl11NlYlJliili mllJfflJIiU11iHfl11lJfr)11mIIBltlUnlll11UflIJltJ~vl61iUi CW =
VI(J ~fffl1lJ I HUVIB~l[JIJllYlJ6flU il tl Bli1li~lH U fl1 fl6~lJtllJUIJ flllHU fl1 flltJ~rllll1 U
bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
IiUi cw = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 Utlfl11lJfflJlitJ1111lt1fl11lJ[Jl1m1i16~ltllill1t1fl
~ ~ VIq~fl1j lJmHlfflJI1tJ1j
YiltllfJ~U~~flfflJlitJiflU~~mm1Ultl~mmfiU j~I11HliieUlmfllJii~~Utieu
itJ11fllJ NfflJliuititJUJ1~jiiIJJliifl 300 lllU~lJ~j lYilI1fl~jUl~~ 4 -1i1~lmm~fHI1iltI IJ ll~1111llflljj fJ I~hnllJ~U~ IillllU lli1~ iJiifflJtlltJ U lt1I1lt1)e 11)11li fI fflJlitJiflU111fliilff IJ~ j IJfl1U 11 tl~ ~lflfllt1lJIiU(1111llflljjfJlI~IJJlI461~mfJ1UI~eNlYlJ flU1Ii Ulil11~1~fIJ fl1~NtlJliuin~I~IJJl 14e1~l1ti1~hiNfflJIiUifllJlYi1Vlfl~ fl lilIi1fllllUlIil~U1tJBdIJllUfll~m16~ titJ tilVlvleliUiHlt1lJ
J1Vfl tB~fltiltJ~fllJfiffiJJltlflm (2529) fl~11h11NtlJIiUiflU~1I1Hlii6UflUlJ1fJuii~KtJl~ltJU
bullbull bull
bull bull
24
VId1ulUfhj~tJ1Fl1f1fitJui11t1hmll~~JlJl11J ~1ullinlll 2100 - 0400 U1Wf11 Mti~~lmfutlljlllil1 flmUll~lh1I ~1U1111iii~~ulli 5-18 VItJ1 ~lflf11~VIllllfl11iiJulljVluiIIli11nJ9iUlnll~1tJtJ1M11ltfl
f111V1fllfl1~ 1 il-iJ91gt1f1111HIi 571111tl11oilU~ UIIdjjli~lU1U 83 WN ilfl1Ilillltl1~ 2 iiall~l fll1mW 429 11ltl11oiluli lll~ii~lU111Ii 53 VItl~ U1JlilijjjJlm1fl 470-588 flill fl11lJfl~H 38shy
42 llfU~lJ91 fl111Wl1 65-68 lfU~llJfll
l1fl1lWUtl1 Ii
fl1lW~ lilllilll1lJ91UI1lil1l1111IhtiuIllll flllVItH ffUl1fltlltJIinlll1lfttlf1 Ii ~1UU 111
~ d~ j dy UUfl1911ll1IJlllllJllllflf111 II1l1f)1 ~ fJ11J1I1fl1ltJJ
69111flU1lBtYUii1IllflllVlfl
Iillilll1tJ9iunilVlmnU~1~nll1 88-99111 ~tjwMSJil268-318 HfIlllfllllli1l1j IIll
11 Jj ~ _ ~ 1 ~ f 7 fl11lJlIU lt1 lJj VI I 802-903 1JtllllfUIII UlllllV1 ~lflUlJjU1jll1llJ1~nltllM1lflflllV1fllltlUl 1 1Ill
lflflllV1fllltl1~ 2 iiall11flllVlmlJulll 458 1Ill~ 415 l1Ifllollu1 1II1lJlh~lJ tUflflWllfllltl1~ 1 mj
I1li11llYlfl~1111U 2 all illflflllV1lllfl1~ 2 Illl9hiJJVlfl~lU1U 1 ull tl1~Iatl~~lflflllhililJli11fl 1fllJiJ1Iilfl11111ilm111hh~fllJ1$iilJfl11mVIlJm~ltlflu Jm~liiU1J1i1111lIl1flllliitJ 308plusmn32
flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
VIilllfl~ lliI~11tJ1MllVi1HllflllllVluilllilll11J~Ulnilli~ 2 WI iliiifllllitl6111llflllVlmnllIll1I1liVllli
WllllltJ~ 111l1l viii1J~~1IJfl lM11141flYlllfiflJt1I1lJIl ~~jj11ll1illJ6~lfl11 iiallll1 fl11 Vl fll1]lJ ~11fltllfltJ1
Qt teldQ
fllJtl1M 11 VIlJ 111l1lJllfl l~fl11
fl11V1fllltJ1fffl1l1flll lJN11ll1ilu illiafll 1 11 ~ ulJ fl~11li11l1119iU l1lfl j1Jli1fl 1M 11~1IIllflullVlui bull
IlliltlllJfilllilfl1 2 lflf11~Illll~1 itliillllllifla91l1f111111 i uUll69111fll7Vlfl
1 rmfffl1l1fl-J~ihilu f1111jlVlU 1i~ii ~IlH1J1J7lnlJ 111m ullilVlfllu UtlflU fl11iif1Ufffllol1 ~ _ i 1middotmiddot 4 -l ~ ~ JiIf111U1U 1Jnfl Ufl1lllJ~flU L~U flll~1 nlJ M1mmfl~nfl UVIifllJ1Hlm1JiJlJ~WMlJlJllmllJ~Il
11
25
~ p ~ ~ ~ ~ bullbull ~ ~ ~ 111111111 U mtl~ulfJll 2539 fltlll1Jltlfl1lmfl~Un6pflll IlU ~1nVllnlltHu Vll 1VlV fl1N1Iljl flll
I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
rIUU lyj~I ljtJIli1t1 lIl1UVll nlllti Ilfl1lflW1Ul11 Itti nl1iJ Itfl~ti~U 2529 flllffml1lifv~ jIJ ~ I ~I
1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
lily ~ tI 4 It ltvIt t1IJlI lt111lJlJTUlII1 un 1lm vgWUIJ1t1 2525 l4tim1dl11IJUtiffVlJrl111l4UljlfllU1IJfI U
flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
1L1ilU ljfloWU( 2533 vhM111f1~ ~Tillt1~Ui1f1ifvl1Jll1iJflllitl~rl1U~11J1JlflUVllnfl ffl1llUIJ
i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
d tI~ ltI ~ 11gt ~ 1i(1lJti rllllt11~f VUUIlI rJllmiddotHlI~f 1i(Iln lllJUJllI1lI un mlln JfllJflW1U1Vl 2533 fllll1fllll
I
fl111J li1u1 U 1 ~1J flll1fi11ll1iiu61~Vlri1Jfl111J1lIflllfll 11lvhun61ll111ltlfl IIfl~1fl~lmm1J
11U~11Jfllff1J1JU11Jjlfl11Ugt~ltl2533 m1JU11H mYl 739-745~ hUfl~lUlrI~1Jflfl~flfllimjrullv~lfl~ 2543 lhiuumVlI1VlU dlUflllUtI~1Jfffl~IVmiflpoundjrullltl~ =OIV 4 d $1
lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
~ bull ~ q 1Iffl1UU tn1J1Vl1l~ 1Iti fll1il 1ilfj1JllI 2537 flIJIJ1I1UflII111tiIIIl1mlllIJ tU1JlVlf Vl(J 1Urll
~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
c ~ ~
1ij1i1N 2 Jli1iln mllJf1~N Uflm1lJU11m~~ll~lJll~rlmlJI1lJi Jb~nfl1f1U1Ni~~llJ1lJ~Itfl69111f111V1ntlllJ~1IJ1l111mU~lJdl~~Miu1~middotm 1llHlJbJn~1J1miJlJfl
~ ~ Il~IlU~ ttlll1Ull
bull11lH1Jn n~l~ nll Jnnlfl 111~ ~ll 11~H 1u1~U1J ~U1U YlnJilu~1 iJil1JQf1 1UI~U1J jtJn~l ~U1U
(1m) (Ill) (lflJ) (lflJ) (lflJ) ~H1~ l~ (IN) (~1) () ~Ylf1 (1U) 1i~lJ16~
lriU111 (~1)
90 358 380 164 432 469 91214 7 2 286 1813142 99 2
76 326 354 122 390 441 x 73 324 355 160 453 490 13112141 6 4 667 201342 97 4
46 283 300 170 445 475 18112141 11 5 455 2313142 95 5
46 280 308 170 458 497 25112141 10 5 500 2913142 94 5 ~
50 300 320 144 417 445 x 70 328 370 142 44S 475 x 62 314 350 172 440 488 211142 13 6 462 114142 89 6
54 301 330 130 410 453 X
50 296 304 156 446 460 X
67 320 352 164 420 455 911142 6 o o o ~
66 325 366 132 404 442 x 74 320 360 144 434 449 X
66 299 367 130 450 480 X
64plusmn13 313plusmn20 344plusmn26 IS0plusmn17 43lplusmn2i 466plusmn19 S8plusmn29 41S 948plusmn38
11lJ 6111 5314H 22)l 22)1
bull bull
bull bullbull
17
mliWl1llJ1N1j~~W1IJVi 9 iIJ11fllJ 2541 ~lJg~1IJVi 12 lJml1llJ 2542 1j1~1ltn1J
~IJ 1lfl1J11iI lb flIJ ltfllWJ flyj ~H ffll11fllilUj l~flUWiilllJ1flgflfl hlifhJf11jlJ1~11iijllflMru tniSlJlfl
fl111liillWlfllgflflh 1jdlfl IJ~flfl1~VIflmHVi 1 1m 2 IIlJlf)11illltnlflliIlV 529plusmn36 flilJ fl11lJ
fl1HmgJ 4QplusmnO1 l1IJilllJltfll fl11lJtJ11mgu 66plusmnO11l1IJilllJltfl1 1lJll11iflli~V 524plusmn21 flllJ fl1111
fl1l~Ii~V 40plusmnO1 1l1IJ~lJfll ml11Ul1m~1J 67plusmn01 l1IJ~lJltfl1lI1lJ-i1~U lJtjVJflyjl)~IlZiJyjl)~ 1)1f11ft1lI)IJI)~UIllJI)~lI1f11fl1vlIJ1lllltlilJl1~ rll)~~ iJli1mru 24 ~i1l~ IIMll1f11Il1VlJIl~~W1 IflfllIJ ~ timiii~i1rll)IJ ~iUfl11IlfflJvflilflfl1Jllifhlflj liitnl1lJliwliatlfl jiflJ qUl11~1IJh~lgfl
ltlJ jll11 hjlt~~~1fhIJlifl~~~(raquo1gfllI)fJilui11~lJtiI)WflliltJli1~1IVIl)fl iIJ Ilflfl1JVIfllltN~ 1
mjl~h liVlmlTll1IJ 2 UU 1IJ~flfl11V1fl1ll~~ 2 UUIWlUYlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 UU 1IJllflfl11V1flIHI~~ 1 Uti11i1 tiYlfl~TIl1IJ 2uU 1IJ~flfl11V1flntNVi 2 util~huVlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 uti Illl11iflllI)~HI~l (y) Vi)~1f1fl11
1Hjlll~til1IJili~ 2 lflfl11V101ntl~ ~11l1IJ 14 mi 5111 136 vltN il111111fflJI1mlilllJltflHfltlthmXfI
4 ltl 2 i _I dIJl~llJIIW1j (x) 0l1lJfflJfl11fltJ y = L8773x+21682 R = 06008 IIffVil~ lJllJrl 7 unOll1HVI 34
80
60 ~ ~ -~ c 40
r y ~ 1amp113x + 2l682
~i 20 R =06008
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IllH IlmhlIJl(nn)
ltili 7 fl11lJUlJI1m11wiwihmrfl Ii I~ lflIJIllt11ifllUMlJtlfil11ltJ~hHlJfl
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(00) ( lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ)
170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
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164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
IllftfJ 167plusmn15 445plusmn18 476plusmn15 529plusmn36 40plusmn01 66plusmn01 308plusmn32 49+02 53+02
~
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mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
~ UlJWWl i~~l )111911bull
~bull bullbull bull~
Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
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48+02
1liVJft
5lplusmnO3
co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
~lU1llilh (y) ~i~mf1fl1j1Nl~IJJ~1iilfli~ 2 l~flWIlIltJ~ tllflUlli91l 14 u1i bull
11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
()
E
20
~ ~ gt ~
i ~
15
10
5
0
y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
~tlll 8 f11111fflJilJlhI1h~hlJ1U 1lil~ ltiull1In1flu1iilJ (WiTiltlftlJl1l1l
jmlhi1flVJfl~lflllii~I~1lJil18 jjUlfllJ 10 lJlIlJlJ 2542 l~lmiddotn 88-99 llJ iI Q A IV ltI Iq
flrulUl1l 268-318 J~flWllmlflff f1111lIJUirlJIfIl1l 802-903 I1JVWlIlJllI (911jl~Il 5)
~ln~1l5 Jml1tliJIIv~IlnJ (Oe) lif111lJnfl 30 lIil~llJ91j 1l1lf1111JiilJirlJill1i() ilJUJYiflill~l ~
I J tV ~ lVitll llml1JlJ
~
(0C) f111lJlfIJ 1JIlllll()
Iifl 268 903
lJfl 282 830
fl Il 305 850 d
1111 306 802
Ill 318 894
llUlI) 296 plusmn20 856 plusmn43
bull bull bull
21
I II Q 4s T r t II I gt1 ~I ltltftill fl1WVIl~lJtJ~ IJUIltYtlHlllVWWVlfllJ1lgiraquo1Hm~tHVIl~HffjVI 3 Ill 4 UlJ1tl1 5-10 1W tJIi~~UI11Jtl tmt1lJOWllTI111 ~f1~hiiWf1~U~1imJ ] mi1IlltliMHhllgtlll ~luwifii~uj
(keel) gt~ll~uU11tf~ iltllim~l~mitlFluulfliim~llHn~uNuIll~lJ mIll~U~nmmiii bull
ll1vihllllltjjlJ~lU1U 3 ItfJU f1lUU1flllHraquoltl~ IllfJU tU11l1l ]ll 1 UfJU Ul1Im1l6l~WllUii laquo4 I I 013 II d II d d QIe l d J 1n14 d ll~1~fl11ll1Uraquo1ltltl flUl IJ tltlUUI1ltllJ1lJ VItHllUl1f1llJ U1HUltmmHU il1tl1tHUl tltlllUU t lJlItflltlgt
t~ml1l(J HlllJl11J-lJlm 08 tlfU9IllJl1Ii
I bull ltII II dl II ltto laquo4 At ltII d ~ fl1111 ill fllJllt Ill fill 1j Il VI1ltlJ I111 Vll M 1 l ttY j lJ 1i111lJ Ul lJ IIU 111 llH II IlLUltl1l
ltV v d ltr d 3R8plusmn32 flilJ fl11lJfl11lm1l6tUltlIJ 49plusmnO2 llUl1ItlJIl Ull1J11lJIJ11mI1lltUlllJ 53plusmnO2
bull tI bull
1IfW~tlJi1Ij 1i1WI1VitnJl~1(J61H1i littYllJ1i111iiugiiIJU 11llllMtlflIIInJ 281plusmn26 fl~lJ f111lJfl ~H d lo cl ltV
milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
Itlv191W~hl 2 1gt1fl1HlltlltH 1i1WU1Htlfllfll~h (y) ~lU1W 60 ii iUU111tlflIJtHluJ~h (x) iiflllJ
~ ~ ~ 2 i oJlllJflUfiIgt1ltYlJflli y= L5452x+40918 R = 05058 ttY U~lJ1l9
40
35
30 TI S 25 rsect c 20 j 15
F 10
5
0
0
rbull y~ LS4S2+40918
R~ OSOSS 6
255 15 201deg - m ~ U1~lifitU 11 (nn)
22
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- r QJ r
1l [)tll6~61flU1l~m~IVlim~illl bull bull Sf
ntlVi6gmffl1II11l1U~tl1l~01ffJil~lJ1mlllhfd6UlhfUUhhl1l~hiT~Il1l6~lI~S VllJ
1J~1ruthtllti~IJ6~lhflll6~Viihiliif)i1f)Wru~U11tl ihmmJflJlJ lftl ~UlJiii6 illfl t1113 l1lJlIlI~ f bulllfl~flH )j61J61ffl6~ltlU1llllJYltI~6~U lUlId1UU11m~lJflIJtllJ1111Vl~lJtlrll1h 1161JntJ~mlll ~Vi
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lIlllJIJ1 Im~f)tl1JlI1IJln~mf) IJ~ 11ilfJ l 1mllUl~mfnJtl 1 lJtllJ1lJtlVltJ~tlIilVl11l11llll~milfI~
1IgtIgtllIlI1tlqt1f1lll11~ lilll1Jtl1uVl1J11lmtlmlltnil~u lJ1~U 11 fl6~fl~il~timhwf)~ltltIlJ flf1~16fllt1f)WtUII6~)j1~ (2543) i1V~ltlhIll1ml9itldlfll1ltl1II1Vi61fffJ6yitlU1niillJ Umli~VllJhv
tl1~1lJ1ltlutiuliim~llllitlutlftUillffVilrJltlll1~fl ImNutaphand (1979) 11l~ltjhlllll11fJ 9i tl1l fl11 tltfll1Vi111l1fll flqtyWtl i fllfll1J1nru111fUuihu1l11ti~1lll6~U1iTflVi~fllt1f)W ru~1 flll1J
nh1lfl
mUVljmlfJIJ6~(lhll1l~lu1Jgtlltli~111gt1t1~lI Vl1JlUvn~ f1l16~lIJ ltllI~~ lit6~ ~ 1flflll6~ ll~ ~ djltlflll6~YiiiIJtl1ll 11t)) ii~tlU1j) lflij~111llgtl1~lIl1~i~111~WV1~tll~iimlllll11lJ1flflh
A d lt) a a lt) ~ I A 5ff 0 d 1lll6~6t1 1 VllJUVl1llllllJlIlI~ ll11JJlf1lItVl~m~llllJlIu1fltll tl6~1l1m1JtIllllJlIYI6~llflllm tI6fl
f1~6~fllJ11 IlU (2533) i 1l~1tlhtl Il ~1JtlVlU1II1l11l~ tll1JflVllJltVl1m iI1lllIflJ1l1tllJ11101IllflUl
_I ~I J I I d d d d I
f1M~Jl~~ lI~lJlf)tllf1l16~1Jlf)1Jl11 CJHl1JtJtIlIJ1l6lll6~f1l1lNlI~ illI~ l tlllll IVlJ~llfll1CJr~1l6~
bull q ~ t q gt ~ q ~ 1 =~ ~ltl1t1t1llVlJ1fl IUlliilJII1ll I1l~llltl1 Itlllll~lI~ 1fl~~qtyVltl1j Itliltl1fllll IIl1 IVl iiltl1llllU
y
(2525) ~d1nilWtl~1II1U1~ltlflll6~lI~~ 6Jl~ il tI~lI tl11Jl~mlmllJWtl~llli1lllU~tll1J~ 1~Ilftl
fltI f11i ~11II1llUlii11 tia 6 d~f1 Jl )~ Jl ~ 6l ~lii6~1J 1~1fl lJ I 101filla~ lI ~~~I1JUl11 ci~ 61flVIJ 6~ 11111 VI j1
)jij~ih lWtJ~I tlVluiiUtlOafl14YU lBffll11J iUlJ11tlfllit6IillIlilUfltl 611 1m1~lrii6 dtifl1l6~lI~
~lIll1I lf~1nm1lJ~61111111ilUtfll1~n61~iiU~~i1Jl1ll111lV~tll1l 1~1Il(t1ci6lm~~flll6~1l~Ih I riiilllJiiu~l1JIlfUflU
~ ~ J2 llflllruYIWlfllVIU1
~flllru~l111 bull
~1f) f111 VI fl 1l 6~VllJ1111i llll uliitll1l~ l1ltllIll1lh~fl fl1 ~ 6~ II~~ (terrapin)
IItl1llltltj) lt1f)llrul~lnlt)1111Nl~6fltl~lm~11l 11111Ulijl~lJ~ltl1tl 5 ~lJ ff1UlJ111lt1~ii 4 y
~lJ IVlflliifJIlJlJtJ1fl illqiViqflii1i111Ufl 202 fill1fl1lJ fI11lJfl~1~mflN 484 CJrtl~lJm m111U11
bull bull
bull bull
23
~llll1lltl~(Jl~hlllJflmHlJIJ(Jliiu1 ihrfllJmIhhJtiltJ lJlhtltlfl 17 il1tlflilJ fl11lJJl1mIlB~~6~ 58
lIlligtilJ~1 fl11lJm1m~B~mj~ 60 lIll~llJm fl1~1I6~l1a~lJilnlibull fl11lJll~fl~H1Vlfl
mllJl~fl~l~~ 11h~lllfl~ lmJ~lldJlI 9l11~lJ1JlllfllJliiUIl1111l1flhllff~ mi~ ~ ~ ~ P I~middot ~ middot1 1fl~~llltltI1ll1fl11llflrjn flll m1 fltllJfl111l1lJ I U m1I6~11n~mmll lJtlllllJnfl] IJUUNU m IlIH
~ P _f d ~ 131 ltjI d P 1 l I II 4
U (J UlJ lfl m lltH Ill U 1l6~jjfl ~ lJ UNll Vl6~l U66fllJlU 1~ll6fllI flU 61lliN 11 mIlB~UYIn W-IU IlJ lJmll y
lJfl Ulffnlltf1Ul1 1lJlhhnn tJlmmjlJU1lIJtJlfllJffll1ii6~61lU iJff1l 1li~11JlliUIllff~ tf1jJ111~I~fl (Vlt$ltu j1 4 1$1
jjUfl11llfl~ Yl11lJ1lIllfllmII(J~mNlJlIflIJ1l1ll1ll 3 llflIJ ~flltl1~ 1 UOIJ lY1UUl~mII1l~Ul~tl ~ 1 n -l1 lflIJ ltllU1lIJm1i16~lJllflIJltllJllU1 fl~U1l~mliljH 1il1l16IJ lJUUllillllflfl111VlflllW lllJflll1l1
lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
mIl(J~l1n~iiltl1lJrmilllthU111~~IWlJl1fl111l1flliitJ 1lJnh~1I1iwli6~rUthlJflUlfljJ111~lJlflflh bull
lllflllJfJ
11 tiII~flUthtlfl~lUlt1jlJ lt111~16flaflll mUltJ ~l1~ (2543) mi1111111~lJe~ lYi1lllfl~ 11 lvi111 lI11JUiJfllJ
IJUllilfJTlflil ii1flUI11~il1tYfl111lnillYI111e~i U 91111l1ti ~tleU1tJ m~111~lJ lflfl111YillllflliJlJ li~il~
lYlBlt1fl1fliUfl11NlYlJliili mllJfflJIiU11iHfl11lJfr)11mIIBltlUnlll11UflIJltJ~vl61iUi CW =
VI(J ~fffl1lJ I HUVIB~l[JIJllYlJ6flU il tl Bli1li~lH U fl1 fl6~lJtllJUIJ flllHU fl1 flltJ~rllll1 U
bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
IiUi cw = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 Utlfl11lJfflJlitJ1111lt1fl11lJ[Jl1m1i16~ltllill1t1fl
~ ~ VIq~fl1j lJmHlfflJI1tJ1j
YiltllfJ~U~~flfflJlitJiflU~~mm1Ultl~mmfiU j~I11HliieUlmfllJii~~Utieu
itJ11fllJ NfflJliuititJUJ1~jiiIJJliifl 300 lllU~lJ~j lYilI1fl~jUl~~ 4 -1i1~lmm~fHI1iltI IJ ll~1111llflljj fJ I~hnllJ~U~ IillllU lli1~ iJiifflJtlltJ U lt1I1lt1)e 11)11li fI fflJlitJiflU111fliilff IJ~ j IJfl1U 11 tl~ ~lflfllt1lJIiU(1111llflljjfJlI~IJJlI461~mfJ1UI~eNlYlJ flU1Ii Ulil11~1~fIJ fl1~NtlJliuin~I~IJJl 14e1~l1ti1~hiNfflJIiUifllJlYi1Vlfl~ fl lilIi1fllllUlIil~U1tJBdIJllUfll~m16~ titJ tilVlvleliUiHlt1lJ
J1Vfl tB~fltiltJ~fllJfiffiJJltlflm (2529) fl~11h11NtlJIiUiflU~1I1Hlii6UflUlJ1fJuii~KtJl~ltJU
bullbull bull
bull bull
24
VId1ulUfhj~tJ1Fl1f1fitJui11t1hmll~~JlJl11J ~1ullinlll 2100 - 0400 U1Wf11 Mti~~lmfutlljlllil1 flmUll~lh1I ~1U1111iii~~ulli 5-18 VItJ1 ~lflf11~VIllllfl11iiJulljVluiIIli11nJ9iUlnll~1tJtJ1M11ltfl
f111V1fllfl1~ 1 il-iJ91gt1f1111HIi 571111tl11oilU~ UIIdjjli~lU1U 83 WN ilfl1Ilillltl1~ 2 iiall~l fll1mW 429 11ltl11oiluli lll~ii~lU111Ii 53 VItl~ U1JlilijjjJlm1fl 470-588 flill fl11lJfl~H 38shy
42 llfU~lJ91 fl111Wl1 65-68 lfU~llJfll
l1fl1lWUtl1 Ii
fl1lW~ lilllilll1lJ91UI1lil1l1111IhtiuIllll flllVItH ffUl1fltlltJIinlll1lfttlf1 Ii ~1UU 111
~ d~ j dy UUfl1911ll1IJlllllJllllflf111 II1l1f)1 ~ fJ11J1I1fl1ltJJ
69111flU1lBtYUii1IllflllVlfl
Iillilll1tJ9iunilVlmnU~1~nll1 88-99111 ~tjwMSJil268-318 HfIlllfllllli1l1j IIll
11 Jj ~ _ ~ 1 ~ f 7 fl11lJlIU lt1 lJj VI I 802-903 1JtllllfUIII UlllllV1 ~lflUlJjU1jll1llJ1~nltllM1lflflllV1fllltlUl 1 1Ill
lflflllV1fllltl1~ 2 iiall11flllVlmlJulll 458 1Ill~ 415 l1Ifllollu1 1II1lJlh~lJ tUflflWllfllltl1~ 1 mj
I1li11llYlfl~1111U 2 all illflflllV1lllfl1~ 2 Illl9hiJJVlfl~lU1U 1 ull tl1~Iatl~~lflflllhililJli11fl 1fllJiJ1Iilfl11111ilm111hh~fllJ1$iilJfl11mVIlJm~ltlflu Jm~liiU1J1i1111lIl1flllliitJ 308plusmn32
flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
VIilllfl~ lliI~11tJ1MllVi1HllflllllVluilllilll11J~Ulnilli~ 2 WI iliiifllllitl6111llflllVlmnllIll1I1liVllli
WllllltJ~ 111l1l viii1J~~1IJfl lM11141flYlllfiflJt1I1lJIl ~~jj11ll1illJ6~lfl11 iiallll1 fl11 Vl fll1]lJ ~11fltllfltJ1
Qt teldQ
fllJtl1M 11 VIlJ 111l1lJllfl l~fl11
fl11V1fllltJ1fffl1l1flll lJN11ll1ilu illiafll 1 11 ~ ulJ fl~11li11l1119iU l1lfl j1Jli1fl 1M 11~1IIllflullVlui bull
IlliltlllJfilllilfl1 2 lflf11~Illll~1 itliillllllifla91l1f111111 i uUll69111fll7Vlfl
1 rmfffl1l1fl-J~ihilu f1111jlVlU 1i~ii ~IlH1J1J7lnlJ 111m ullilVlfllu UtlflU fl11iif1Ufffllol1 ~ _ i 1middotmiddot 4 -l ~ ~ JiIf111U1U 1Jnfl Ufl1lllJ~flU L~U flll~1 nlJ M1mmfl~nfl UVIifllJ1Hlm1JiJlJ~WMlJlJllmllJ~Il
11
25
~ p ~ ~ ~ ~ bullbull ~ ~ ~ 111111111 U mtl~ulfJll 2539 fltlll1Jltlfl1lmfl~Un6pflll IlU ~1nVllnlltHu Vll 1VlV fl1N1Iljl flll
I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
rIUU lyj~I ljtJIli1t1 lIl1UVll nlllti Ilfl1lflW1Ul11 Itti nl1iJ Itfl~ti~U 2529 flllffml1lifv~ jIJ ~ I ~I
1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
lily ~ tI 4 It ltvIt t1IJlI lt111lJlJTUlII1 un 1lm vgWUIJ1t1 2525 l4tim1dl11IJUtiffVlJrl111l4UljlfllU1IJfI U
flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
1L1ilU ljfloWU( 2533 vhM111f1~ ~Tillt1~Ui1f1ifvl1Jll1iJflllitl~rl1U~11J1JlflUVllnfl ffl1llUIJ
i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
d tI~ ltI ~ 11gt ~ 1i(1lJti rllllt11~f VUUIlI rJllmiddotHlI~f 1i(Iln lllJUJllI1lI un mlln JfllJflW1U1Vl 2533 fllll1fllll
I
fl111J li1u1 U 1 ~1J flll1fi11ll1iiu61~Vlri1Jfl111J1lIflllfll 11lvhun61ll111ltlfl IIfl~1fl~lmm1J
11U~11Jfllff1J1JU11Jjlfl11Ugt~ltl2533 m1JU11H mYl 739-745~ hUfl~lUlrI~1Jflfl~flfllimjrullv~lfl~ 2543 lhiuumVlI1VlU dlUflllUtI~1Jfffl~IVmiflpoundjrullltl~ =OIV 4 d $1
lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
~ bull ~ q 1Iffl1UU tn1J1Vl1l~ 1Iti fll1il 1ilfj1JllI 2537 flIJIJ1I1UflII111tiIIIl1mlllIJ tU1JlVlf Vl(J 1Urll
~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
bull bull
bull bullbull
17
mliWl1llJ1N1j~~W1IJVi 9 iIJ11fllJ 2541 ~lJg~1IJVi 12 lJml1llJ 2542 1j1~1ltn1J
~IJ 1lfl1J11iI lb flIJ ltfllWJ flyj ~H ffll11fllilUj l~flUWiilllJ1flgflfl hlifhJf11jlJ1~11iijllflMru tniSlJlfl
fl111liillWlfllgflflh 1jdlfl IJ~flfl1~VIflmHVi 1 1m 2 IIlJlf)11illltnlflliIlV 529plusmn36 flilJ fl11lJ
fl1HmgJ 4QplusmnO1 l1IJilllJltfll fl11lJtJ11mgu 66plusmnO11l1IJilllJltfl1 1lJll11iflli~V 524plusmn21 flllJ fl1111
fl1l~Ii~V 40plusmnO1 1l1IJ~lJfll ml11Ul1m~1J 67plusmn01 l1IJ~lJltfl1lI1lJ-i1~U lJtjVJflyjl)~IlZiJyjl)~ 1)1f11ft1lI)IJI)~UIllJI)~lI1f11fl1vlIJ1lllltlilJl1~ rll)~~ iJli1mru 24 ~i1l~ IIMll1f11Il1VlJIl~~W1 IflfllIJ ~ timiii~i1rll)IJ ~iUfl11IlfflJvflilflfl1Jllifhlflj liitnl1lJliwliatlfl jiflJ qUl11~1IJh~lgfl
ltlJ jll11 hjlt~~~1fhIJlifl~~~(raquo1gfllI)fJilui11~lJtiI)WflliltJli1~1IVIl)fl iIJ Ilflfl1JVIfllltN~ 1
mjl~h liVlmlTll1IJ 2 UU 1IJ~flfl11V1fl1ll~~ 2 UUIWlUYlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 UU 1IJllflfl11V1flIHI~~ 1 Uti11i1 tiYlfl~TIl1IJ 2uU 1IJ~flfl11V1flntNVi 2 util~huVlfl~1IJ1IJ 1 uti Illl11iflllI)~HI~l (y) Vi)~1f1fl11
1Hjlll~til1IJili~ 2 lflfl11V101ntl~ ~11l1IJ 14 mi 5111 136 vltN il111111fflJI1mlilllJltflHfltlthmXfI
4 ltl 2 i _I dIJl~llJIIW1j (x) 0l1lJfflJfl11fltJ y = L8773x+21682 R = 06008 IIffVil~ lJllJrl 7 unOll1HVI 34
80
60 ~ ~ -~ c 40
r y ~ 1amp113x + 2l682
~i 20 R =06008
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IllH IlmhlIJl(nn)
ltili 7 fl11lJUlJI1m11wiwihmrfl Ii I~ lflIJIllt11ifllUMlJtlfil11ltJ~hHlJfl
ltC lt
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~ UlJI1tl1j 1li1~1 f1l1ll1
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(00) ( lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ)
170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
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164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
IllftfJ 167plusmn15 445plusmn18 476plusmn15 529plusmn36 40plusmn01 66plusmn01 308plusmn32 49+02 53+02
~
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mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
~ UlJWWl i~~l )111911bull
~bull bullbull bull~
Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
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48+02
1liVJft
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co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
~lU1llilh (y) ~i~mf1fl1j1Nl~IJJ~1iilfli~ 2 l~flWIlIltJ~ tllflUlli91l 14 u1i bull
11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
()
E
20
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15
10
5
0
y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
~tlll 8 f11111fflJilJlhI1h~hlJ1U 1lil~ ltiull1In1flu1iilJ (WiTiltlftlJl1l1l
jmlhi1flVJfl~lflllii~I~1lJil18 jjUlfllJ 10 lJlIlJlJ 2542 l~lmiddotn 88-99 llJ iI Q A IV ltI Iq
flrulUl1l 268-318 J~flWllmlflff f1111lIJUirlJIfIl1l 802-903 I1JVWlIlJllI (911jl~Il 5)
~ln~1l5 Jml1tliJIIv~IlnJ (Oe) lif111lJnfl 30 lIil~llJ91j 1l1lf1111JiilJirlJill1i() ilJUJYiflill~l ~
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(0C) f111lJlfIJ 1JIlllll()
Iifl 268 903
lJfl 282 830
fl Il 305 850 d
1111 306 802
Ill 318 894
llUlI) 296 plusmn20 856 plusmn43
bull bull bull
21
I II Q 4s T r t II I gt1 ~I ltltftill fl1WVIl~lJtJ~ IJUIltYtlHlllVWWVlfllJ1lgiraquo1Hm~tHVIl~HffjVI 3 Ill 4 UlJ1tl1 5-10 1W tJIi~~UI11Jtl tmt1lJOWllTI111 ~f1~hiiWf1~U~1imJ ] mi1IlltliMHhllgtlll ~luwifii~uj
(keel) gt~ll~uU11tf~ iltllim~l~mitlFluulfliim~llHn~uNuIll~lJ mIll~U~nmmiii bull
ll1vihllllltjjlJ~lU1U 3 ItfJU f1lUU1flllHraquoltl~ IllfJU tU11l1l ]ll 1 UfJU Ul1Im1l6l~WllUii laquo4 I I 013 II d II d d QIe l d J 1n14 d ll~1~fl11ll1Uraquo1ltltl flUl IJ tltlUUI1ltllJ1lJ VItHllUl1f1llJ U1HUltmmHU il1tl1tHUl tltlllUU t lJlItflltlgt
t~ml1l(J HlllJl11J-lJlm 08 tlfU9IllJl1Ii
I bull ltII II dl II ltto laquo4 At ltII d ~ fl1111 ill fllJllt Ill fill 1j Il VI1ltlJ I111 Vll M 1 l ttY j lJ 1i111lJ Ul lJ IIU 111 llH II IlLUltl1l
ltV v d ltr d 3R8plusmn32 flilJ fl11lJfl11lm1l6tUltlIJ 49plusmnO2 llUl1ItlJIl Ull1J11lJIJ11mI1lltUlllJ 53plusmnO2
bull tI bull
1IfW~tlJi1Ij 1i1WI1VitnJl~1(J61H1i littYllJ1i111iiugiiIJU 11llllMtlflIIInJ 281plusmn26 fl~lJ f111lJfl ~H d lo cl ltV
milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
Itlv191W~hl 2 1gt1fl1HlltlltH 1i1WU1Htlfllfll~h (y) ~lU1W 60 ii iUU111tlflIJtHluJ~h (x) iiflllJ
~ ~ ~ 2 i oJlllJflUfiIgt1ltYlJflli y= L5452x+40918 R = 05058 ttY U~lJ1l9
40
35
30 TI S 25 rsect c 20 j 15
F 10
5
0
0
rbull y~ LS4S2+40918
R~ OSOSS 6
255 15 201deg - m ~ U1~lifitU 11 (nn)
22
_I 11 1 Iflln1J1UHu1~fl11U0~lm1l11J11IUlu~
- r QJ r
1l [)tll6~61flU1l~m~IVlim~illl bull bull Sf
ntlVi6gmffl1II11l1U~tl1l~01ffJil~lJ1mlllhfd6UlhfUUhhl1l~hiT~Il1l6~lI~S VllJ
1J~1ruthtllti~IJ6~lhflll6~Viihiliif)i1f)Wru~U11tl ihmmJflJlJ lftl ~UlJiii6 illfl t1113 l1lJlIlI~ f bulllfl~flH )j61J61ffl6~ltlU1llllJYltI~6~U lUlId1UU11m~lJflIJtllJ1111Vl~lJtlrll1h 1161JntJ~mlll ~Vi
~I d ~ I ok d de x l q IIGI
lIlllJIJ1 Im~f)tl1JlI1IJln~mf) IJ~ 11ilfJ l 1mllUl~mfnJtl 1 lJtllJ1lJtlVltJ~tlIilVl11l11llll~milfI~
1IgtIgtllIlI1tlqt1f1lll11~ lilll1Jtl1uVl1J11lmtlmlltnil~u lJ1~U 11 fl6~fl~il~timhwf)~ltltIlJ flf1~16fllt1f)WtUII6~)j1~ (2543) i1V~ltlhIll1ml9itldlfll1ltl1II1Vi61fffJ6yitlU1niillJ Umli~VllJhv
tl1~1lJ1ltlutiuliim~llllitlutlftUillffVilrJltlll1~fl ImNutaphand (1979) 11l~ltjhlllll11fJ 9i tl1l fl11 tltfll1Vi111l1fll flqtyWtl i fllfll1J1nru111fUuihu1l11ti~1lll6~U1iTflVi~fllt1f)W ru~1 flll1J
nh1lfl
mUVljmlfJIJ6~(lhll1l~lu1Jgtlltli~111gt1t1~lI Vl1JlUvn~ f1l16~lIJ ltllI~~ lit6~ ~ 1flflll6~ ll~ ~ djltlflll6~YiiiIJtl1ll 11t)) ii~tlU1j) lflij~111llgtl1~lIl1~i~111~WV1~tll~iimlllll11lJ1flflh
A d lt) a a lt) ~ I A 5ff 0 d 1lll6~6t1 1 VllJUVl1llllllJlIlI~ ll11JJlf1lItVl~m~llllJlIu1fltll tl6~1l1m1JtIllllJlIYI6~llflllm tI6fl
f1~6~fllJ11 IlU (2533) i 1l~1tlhtl Il ~1JtlVlU1II1l11l~ tll1JflVllJltVl1m iI1lllIflJ1l1tllJ11101IllflUl
_I ~I J I I d d d d I
f1M~Jl~~ lI~lJlf)tllf1l16~1Jlf)1Jl11 CJHl1JtJtIlIJ1l6lll6~f1l1lNlI~ illI~ l tlllll IVlJ~llfll1CJr~1l6~
bull q ~ t q gt ~ q ~ 1 =~ ~ltl1t1t1llVlJ1fl IUlliilJII1ll I1l~llltl1 Itlllll~lI~ 1fl~~qtyVltl1j Itliltl1fllll IIl1 IVl iiltl1llllU
y
(2525) ~d1nilWtl~1II1U1~ltlflll6~lI~~ 6Jl~ il tI~lI tl11Jl~mlmllJWtl~llli1lllU~tll1J~ 1~Ilftl
fltI f11i ~11II1llUlii11 tia 6 d~f1 Jl )~ Jl ~ 6l ~lii6~1J 1~1fl lJ I 101filla~ lI ~~~I1JUl11 ci~ 61flVIJ 6~ 11111 VI j1
)jij~ih lWtJ~I tlVluiiUtlOafl14YU lBffll11J iUlJ11tlfllit6IillIlilUfltl 611 1m1~lrii6 dtifl1l6~lI~
~lIll1I lf~1nm1lJ~61111111ilUtfll1~n61~iiU~~i1Jl1ll111lV~tll1l 1~1Il(t1ci6lm~~flll6~1l~Ih I riiilllJiiu~l1JIlfUflU
~ ~ J2 llflllruYIWlfllVIU1
~flllru~l111 bull
~1f) f111 VI fl 1l 6~VllJ1111i llll uliitll1l~ l1ltllIll1lh~fl fl1 ~ 6~ II~~ (terrapin)
IItl1llltltj) lt1f)llrul~lnlt)1111Nl~6fltl~lm~11l 11111Ulijl~lJ~ltl1tl 5 ~lJ ff1UlJ111lt1~ii 4 y
~lJ IVlflliifJIlJlJtJ1fl illqiViqflii1i111Ufl 202 fill1fl1lJ fI11lJfl~1~mflN 484 CJrtl~lJm m111U11
bull bull
bull bull
23
~llll1lltl~(Jl~hlllJflmHlJIJ(Jliiu1 ihrfllJmIhhJtiltJ lJlhtltlfl 17 il1tlflilJ fl11lJJl1mIlB~~6~ 58
lIlligtilJ~1 fl11lJm1m~B~mj~ 60 lIll~llJm fl1~1I6~l1a~lJilnlibull fl11lJll~fl~H1Vlfl
mllJl~fl~l~~ 11h~lllfl~ lmJ~lldJlI 9l11~lJ1JlllfllJliiUIl1111l1flhllff~ mi~ ~ ~ ~ P I~middot ~ middot1 1fl~~llltltI1ll1fl11llflrjn flll m1 fltllJfl111l1lJ I U m1I6~11n~mmll lJtlllllJnfl] IJUUNU m IlIH
~ P _f d ~ 131 ltjI d P 1 l I II 4
U (J UlJ lfl m lltH Ill U 1l6~jjfl ~ lJ UNll Vl6~l U66fllJlU 1~ll6fllI flU 61lliN 11 mIlB~UYIn W-IU IlJ lJmll y
lJfl Ulffnlltf1Ul1 1lJlhhnn tJlmmjlJU1lIJtJlfllJffll1ii6~61lU iJff1l 1li~11JlliUIllff~ tf1jJ111~I~fl (Vlt$ltu j1 4 1$1
jjUfl11llfl~ Yl11lJ1lIllfllmII(J~mNlJlIflIJ1l1ll1ll 3 llflIJ ~flltl1~ 1 UOIJ lY1UUl~mII1l~Ul~tl ~ 1 n -l1 lflIJ ltllU1lIJm1i16~lJllflIJltllJllU1 fl~U1l~mliljH 1il1l16IJ lJUUllillllflfl111VlflllW lllJflll1l1
lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
mIl(J~l1n~iiltl1lJrmilllthU111~~IWlJl1fl111l1flliitJ 1lJnh~1I1iwli6~rUthlJflUlfljJ111~lJlflflh bull
lllflllJfJ
11 tiII~flUthtlfl~lUlt1jlJ lt111~16flaflll mUltJ ~l1~ (2543) mi1111111~lJe~ lYi1lllfl~ 11 lvi111 lI11JUiJfllJ
IJUllilfJTlflil ii1flUI11~il1tYfl111lnillYI111e~i U 91111l1ti ~tleU1tJ m~111~lJ lflfl111YillllflliJlJ li~il~
lYlBlt1fl1fliUfl11NlYlJliili mllJfflJIiU11iHfl11lJfr)11mIIBltlUnlll11UflIJltJ~vl61iUi CW =
VI(J ~fffl1lJ I HUVIB~l[JIJllYlJ6flU il tl Bli1li~lH U fl1 fl6~lJtllJUIJ flllHU fl1 flltJ~rllll1 U
bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
IiUi cw = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 Utlfl11lJfflJlitJ1111lt1fl11lJ[Jl1m1i16~ltllill1t1fl
~ ~ VIq~fl1j lJmHlfflJI1tJ1j
YiltllfJ~U~~flfflJlitJiflU~~mm1Ultl~mmfiU j~I11HliieUlmfllJii~~Utieu
itJ11fllJ NfflJliuititJUJ1~jiiIJJliifl 300 lllU~lJ~j lYilI1fl~jUl~~ 4 -1i1~lmm~fHI1iltI IJ ll~1111llflljj fJ I~hnllJ~U~ IillllU lli1~ iJiifflJtlltJ U lt1I1lt1)e 11)11li fI fflJlitJiflU111fliilff IJ~ j IJfl1U 11 tl~ ~lflfllt1lJIiU(1111llflljjfJlI~IJJlI461~mfJ1UI~eNlYlJ flU1Ii Ulil11~1~fIJ fl1~NtlJliuin~I~IJJl 14e1~l1ti1~hiNfflJIiUifllJlYi1Vlfl~ fl lilIi1fllllUlIil~U1tJBdIJllUfll~m16~ titJ tilVlvleliUiHlt1lJ
J1Vfl tB~fltiltJ~fllJfiffiJJltlflm (2529) fl~11h11NtlJIiUiflU~1I1Hlii6UflUlJ1fJuii~KtJl~ltJU
bullbull bull
bull bull
24
VId1ulUfhj~tJ1Fl1f1fitJui11t1hmll~~JlJl11J ~1ullinlll 2100 - 0400 U1Wf11 Mti~~lmfutlljlllil1 flmUll~lh1I ~1U1111iii~~ulli 5-18 VItJ1 ~lflf11~VIllllfl11iiJulljVluiIIli11nJ9iUlnll~1tJtJ1M11ltfl
f111V1fllfl1~ 1 il-iJ91gt1f1111HIi 571111tl11oilU~ UIIdjjli~lU1U 83 WN ilfl1Ilillltl1~ 2 iiall~l fll1mW 429 11ltl11oiluli lll~ii~lU111Ii 53 VItl~ U1JlilijjjJlm1fl 470-588 flill fl11lJfl~H 38shy
42 llfU~lJ91 fl111Wl1 65-68 lfU~llJfll
l1fl1lWUtl1 Ii
fl1lW~ lilllilll1lJ91UI1lil1l1111IhtiuIllll flllVItH ffUl1fltlltJIinlll1lfttlf1 Ii ~1UU 111
~ d~ j dy UUfl1911ll1IJlllllJllllflf111 II1l1f)1 ~ fJ11J1I1fl1ltJJ
69111flU1lBtYUii1IllflllVlfl
Iillilll1tJ9iunilVlmnU~1~nll1 88-99111 ~tjwMSJil268-318 HfIlllfllllli1l1j IIll
11 Jj ~ _ ~ 1 ~ f 7 fl11lJlIU lt1 lJj VI I 802-903 1JtllllfUIII UlllllV1 ~lflUlJjU1jll1llJ1~nltllM1lflflllV1fllltlUl 1 1Ill
lflflllV1fllltl1~ 2 iiall11flllVlmlJulll 458 1Ill~ 415 l1Ifllollu1 1II1lJlh~lJ tUflflWllfllltl1~ 1 mj
I1li11llYlfl~1111U 2 all illflflllV1lllfl1~ 2 Illl9hiJJVlfl~lU1U 1 ull tl1~Iatl~~lflflllhililJli11fl 1fllJiJ1Iilfl11111ilm111hh~fllJ1$iilJfl11mVIlJm~ltlflu Jm~liiU1J1i1111lIl1flllliitJ 308plusmn32
flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
VIilllfl~ lliI~11tJ1MllVi1HllflllllVluilllilll11J~Ulnilli~ 2 WI iliiifllllitl6111llflllVlmnllIll1I1liVllli
WllllltJ~ 111l1l viii1J~~1IJfl lM11141flYlllfiflJt1I1lJIl ~~jj11ll1illJ6~lfl11 iiallll1 fl11 Vl fll1]lJ ~11fltllfltJ1
Qt teldQ
fllJtl1M 11 VIlJ 111l1lJllfl l~fl11
fl11V1fllltJ1fffl1l1flll lJN11ll1ilu illiafll 1 11 ~ ulJ fl~11li11l1119iU l1lfl j1Jli1fl 1M 11~1IIllflullVlui bull
IlliltlllJfilllilfl1 2 lflf11~Illll~1 itliillllllifla91l1f111111 i uUll69111fll7Vlfl
1 rmfffl1l1fl-J~ihilu f1111jlVlU 1i~ii ~IlH1J1J7lnlJ 111m ullilVlfllu UtlflU fl11iif1Ufffllol1 ~ _ i 1middotmiddot 4 -l ~ ~ JiIf111U1U 1Jnfl Ufl1lllJ~flU L~U flll~1 nlJ M1mmfl~nfl UVIifllJ1Hlm1JiJlJ~WMlJlJllmllJ~Il
11
25
~ p ~ ~ ~ ~ bullbull ~ ~ ~ 111111111 U mtl~ulfJll 2539 fltlll1Jltlfl1lmfl~Un6pflll IlU ~1nVllnlltHu Vll 1VlV fl1N1Iljl flll
I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
rIUU lyj~I ljtJIli1t1 lIl1UVll nlllti Ilfl1lflW1Ul11 Itti nl1iJ Itfl~ti~U 2529 flllffml1lifv~ jIJ ~ I ~I
1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
lily ~ tI 4 It ltvIt t1IJlI lt111lJlJTUlII1 un 1lm vgWUIJ1t1 2525 l4tim1dl11IJUtiffVlJrl111l4UljlfllU1IJfI U
flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
1L1ilU ljfloWU( 2533 vhM111f1~ ~Tillt1~Ui1f1ifvl1Jll1iJflllitl~rl1U~11J1JlflUVllnfl ffl1llUIJ
i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
d tI~ ltI ~ 11gt ~ 1i(1lJti rllllt11~f VUUIlI rJllmiddotHlI~f 1i(Iln lllJUJllI1lI un mlln JfllJflW1U1Vl 2533 fllll1fllll
I
fl111J li1u1 U 1 ~1J flll1fi11ll1iiu61~Vlri1Jfl111J1lIflllfll 11lvhun61ll111ltlfl IIfl~1fl~lmm1J
11U~11Jfllff1J1JU11Jjlfl11Ugt~ltl2533 m1JU11H mYl 739-745~ hUfl~lUlrI~1Jflfl~flfllimjrullv~lfl~ 2543 lhiuumVlI1VlU dlUflllUtI~1Jfffl~IVmiflpoundjrullltl~ =OIV 4 d $1
lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
~ bull ~ q 1Iffl1UU tn1J1Vl1l~ 1Iti fll1il 1ilfj1JllI 2537 flIJIJ1I1UflII111tiIIIl1mlllIJ tU1JlVlf Vl(J 1Urll
~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
ltC lt
I ll
(11m~J 3 U11~1lit~mftUU1~lm~lliwml)0illO1li U)~Ull~uiYil1l1ft)~~J~~w~mmlll~lJ1nlJU~ tllq 1 1U
~ UlJI1tl1j 1li1~1 f1l1ll1
bullbull ~ bullbull ~ bullbull ~ tllWWO O~H em Ul11Ufl O~l~ 1111 IllllUfl fl1H fin
(00) ( lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ) (0) (lIlJ) (lIlJ)
170 451 485 551 40 67 307 50 52
155 425 460 470 39 65 263 45 49
158 428 464 505 40 65 282 49 52
160 440 465 501 38 65 illwn hiwn hiwn
165 446 482 535 40 67 327 49 53
202 484 505 588 42 68 348 52 56
162 439 470 532 40 67 111wfl illwfl llwo ~
OJ
164 450 475 550 40 67 332 49 53
IllftfJ 167plusmn15 445plusmn18 476plusmn15 529plusmn36 40plusmn01 66plusmn01 308plusmn32 49+02 53+02
~
eo ~
bull JO
mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
~ UlJWWl i~~l )111911bull
~bull bullbull bull~
Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
iliVJft
48+02
1liVJft
5lplusmnO3
co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
~lU1llilh (y) ~i~mf1fl1j1Nl~IJJ~1iilfli~ 2 l~flWIlIltJ~ tllflUlli91l 14 u1i bull
11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
()
E
20
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15
10
5
0
y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
~tlll 8 f11111fflJilJlhI1h~hlJ1U 1lil~ ltiull1In1flu1iilJ (WiTiltlftlJl1l1l
jmlhi1flVJfl~lflllii~I~1lJil18 jjUlfllJ 10 lJlIlJlJ 2542 l~lmiddotn 88-99 llJ iI Q A IV ltI Iq
flrulUl1l 268-318 J~flWllmlflff f1111lIJUirlJIfIl1l 802-903 I1JVWlIlJllI (911jl~Il 5)
~ln~1l5 Jml1tliJIIv~IlnJ (Oe) lif111lJnfl 30 lIil~llJ91j 1l1lf1111JiilJirlJill1i() ilJUJYiflill~l ~
I J tV ~ lVitll llml1JlJ
~
(0C) f111lJlfIJ 1JIlllll()
Iifl 268 903
lJfl 282 830
fl Il 305 850 d
1111 306 802
Ill 318 894
llUlI) 296 plusmn20 856 plusmn43
bull bull bull
21
I II Q 4s T r t II I gt1 ~I ltltftill fl1WVIl~lJtJ~ IJUIltYtlHlllVWWVlfllJ1lgiraquo1Hm~tHVIl~HffjVI 3 Ill 4 UlJ1tl1 5-10 1W tJIi~~UI11Jtl tmt1lJOWllTI111 ~f1~hiiWf1~U~1imJ ] mi1IlltliMHhllgtlll ~luwifii~uj
(keel) gt~ll~uU11tf~ iltllim~l~mitlFluulfliim~llHn~uNuIll~lJ mIll~U~nmmiii bull
ll1vihllllltjjlJ~lU1U 3 ItfJU f1lUU1flllHraquoltl~ IllfJU tU11l1l ]ll 1 UfJU Ul1Im1l6l~WllUii laquo4 I I 013 II d II d d QIe l d J 1n14 d ll~1~fl11ll1Uraquo1ltltl flUl IJ tltlUUI1ltllJ1lJ VItHllUl1f1llJ U1HUltmmHU il1tl1tHUl tltlllUU t lJlItflltlgt
t~ml1l(J HlllJl11J-lJlm 08 tlfU9IllJl1Ii
I bull ltII II dl II ltto laquo4 At ltII d ~ fl1111 ill fllJllt Ill fill 1j Il VI1ltlJ I111 Vll M 1 l ttY j lJ 1i111lJ Ul lJ IIU 111 llH II IlLUltl1l
ltV v d ltr d 3R8plusmn32 flilJ fl11lJfl11lm1l6tUltlIJ 49plusmnO2 llUl1ItlJIl Ull1J11lJIJ11mI1lltUlllJ 53plusmnO2
bull tI bull
1IfW~tlJi1Ij 1i1WI1VitnJl~1(J61H1i littYllJ1i111iiugiiIJU 11llllMtlflIIInJ 281plusmn26 fl~lJ f111lJfl ~H d lo cl ltV
milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
Itlv191W~hl 2 1gt1fl1HlltlltH 1i1WU1Htlfllfll~h (y) ~lU1W 60 ii iUU111tlflIJtHluJ~h (x) iiflllJ
~ ~ ~ 2 i oJlllJflUfiIgt1ltYlJflli y= L5452x+40918 R = 05058 ttY U~lJ1l9
40
35
30 TI S 25 rsect c 20 j 15
F 10
5
0
0
rbull y~ LS4S2+40918
R~ OSOSS 6
255 15 201deg - m ~ U1~lifitU 11 (nn)
22
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- r QJ r
1l [)tll6~61flU1l~m~IVlim~illl bull bull Sf
ntlVi6gmffl1II11l1U~tl1l~01ffJil~lJ1mlllhfd6UlhfUUhhl1l~hiT~Il1l6~lI~S VllJ
1J~1ruthtllti~IJ6~lhflll6~Viihiliif)i1f)Wru~U11tl ihmmJflJlJ lftl ~UlJiii6 illfl t1113 l1lJlIlI~ f bulllfl~flH )j61J61ffl6~ltlU1llllJYltI~6~U lUlId1UU11m~lJflIJtllJ1111Vl~lJtlrll1h 1161JntJ~mlll ~Vi
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lIlllJIJ1 Im~f)tl1JlI1IJln~mf) IJ~ 11ilfJ l 1mllUl~mfnJtl 1 lJtllJ1lJtlVltJ~tlIilVl11l11llll~milfI~
1IgtIgtllIlI1tlqt1f1lll11~ lilll1Jtl1uVl1J11lmtlmlltnil~u lJ1~U 11 fl6~fl~il~timhwf)~ltltIlJ flf1~16fllt1f)WtUII6~)j1~ (2543) i1V~ltlhIll1ml9itldlfll1ltl1II1Vi61fffJ6yitlU1niillJ Umli~VllJhv
tl1~1lJ1ltlutiuliim~llllitlutlftUillffVilrJltlll1~fl ImNutaphand (1979) 11l~ltjhlllll11fJ 9i tl1l fl11 tltfll1Vi111l1fll flqtyWtl i fllfll1J1nru111fUuihu1l11ti~1lll6~U1iTflVi~fllt1f)W ru~1 flll1J
nh1lfl
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A d lt) a a lt) ~ I A 5ff 0 d 1lll6~6t1 1 VllJUVl1llllllJlIlI~ ll11JJlf1lItVl~m~llllJlIu1fltll tl6~1l1m1JtIllllJlIYI6~llflllm tI6fl
f1~6~fllJ11 IlU (2533) i 1l~1tlhtl Il ~1JtlVlU1II1l11l~ tll1JflVllJltVl1m iI1lllIflJ1l1tllJ11101IllflUl
_I ~I J I I d d d d I
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bull q ~ t q gt ~ q ~ 1 =~ ~ltl1t1t1llVlJ1fl IUlliilJII1ll I1l~llltl1 Itlllll~lI~ 1fl~~qtyVltl1j Itliltl1fllll IIl1 IVl iiltl1llllU
y
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~ ~ J2 llflllruYIWlfllVIU1
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~lJ IVlflliifJIlJlJtJ1fl illqiViqflii1i111Ufl 202 fill1fl1lJ fI11lJfl~1~mflN 484 CJrtl~lJm m111U11
bull bull
bull bull
23
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lIlligtilJ~1 fl11lJm1m~B~mj~ 60 lIll~llJm fl1~1I6~l1a~lJilnlibull fl11lJll~fl~H1Vlfl
mllJl~fl~l~~ 11h~lllfl~ lmJ~lldJlI 9l11~lJ1JlllfllJliiUIl1111l1flhllff~ mi~ ~ ~ ~ P I~middot ~ middot1 1fl~~llltltI1ll1fl11llflrjn flll m1 fltllJfl111l1lJ I U m1I6~11n~mmll lJtlllllJnfl] IJUUNU m IlIH
~ P _f d ~ 131 ltjI d P 1 l I II 4
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lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
mIl(J~l1n~iiltl1lJrmilllthU111~~IWlJl1fl111l1flliitJ 1lJnh~1I1iwli6~rUthlJflUlfljJ111~lJlflflh bull
lllflllJfJ
11 tiII~flUthtlfl~lUlt1jlJ lt111~16flaflll mUltJ ~l1~ (2543) mi1111111~lJe~ lYi1lllfl~ 11 lvi111 lI11JUiJfllJ
IJUllilfJTlflil ii1flUI11~il1tYfl111lnillYI111e~i U 91111l1ti ~tleU1tJ m~111~lJ lflfl111YillllflliJlJ li~il~
lYlBlt1fl1fliUfl11NlYlJliili mllJfflJIiU11iHfl11lJfr)11mIIBltlUnlll11UflIJltJ~vl61iUi CW =
VI(J ~fffl1lJ I HUVIB~l[JIJllYlJ6flU il tl Bli1li~lH U fl1 fl6~lJtllJUIJ flllHU fl1 flltJ~rllll1 U
bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
IiUi cw = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 Utlfl11lJfflJlitJ1111lt1fl11lJ[Jl1m1i16~ltllill1t1fl
~ ~ VIq~fl1j lJmHlfflJI1tJ1j
YiltllfJ~U~~flfflJlitJiflU~~mm1Ultl~mmfiU j~I11HliieUlmfllJii~~Utieu
itJ11fllJ NfflJliuititJUJ1~jiiIJJliifl 300 lllU~lJ~j lYilI1fl~jUl~~ 4 -1i1~lmm~fHI1iltI IJ ll~1111llflljj fJ I~hnllJ~U~ IillllU lli1~ iJiifflJtlltJ U lt1I1lt1)e 11)11li fI fflJlitJiflU111fliilff IJ~ j IJfl1U 11 tl~ ~lflfllt1lJIiU(1111llflljjfJlI~IJJlI461~mfJ1UI~eNlYlJ flU1Ii Ulil11~1~fIJ fl1~NtlJliuin~I~IJJl 14e1~l1ti1~hiNfflJIiUifllJlYi1Vlfl~ fl lilIi1fllllUlIil~U1tJBdIJllUfll~m16~ titJ tilVlvleliUiHlt1lJ
J1Vfl tB~fltiltJ~fllJfiffiJJltlflm (2529) fl~11h11NtlJIiUiflU~1I1Hlii6UflUlJ1fJuii~KtJl~ltJU
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bull bull
24
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42 llfU~lJ91 fl111Wl1 65-68 lfU~llJfll
l1fl1lWUtl1 Ii
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~ d~ j dy UUfl1911ll1IJlllllJllllflf111 II1l1f)1 ~ fJ11J1I1fl1ltJJ
69111flU1lBtYUii1IllflllVlfl
Iillilll1tJ9iunilVlmnU~1~nll1 88-99111 ~tjwMSJil268-318 HfIlllfllllli1l1j IIll
11 Jj ~ _ ~ 1 ~ f 7 fl11lJlIU lt1 lJj VI I 802-903 1JtllllfUIII UlllllV1 ~lflUlJjU1jll1llJ1~nltllM1lflflllV1fllltlUl 1 1Ill
lflflllV1fllltl1~ 2 iiall11flllVlmlJulll 458 1Ill~ 415 l1Ifllollu1 1II1lJlh~lJ tUflflWllfllltl1~ 1 mj
I1li11llYlfl~1111U 2 all illflflllV1lllfl1~ 2 Illl9hiJJVlfl~lU1U 1 ull tl1~Iatl~~lflflllhililJli11fl 1fllJiJ1Iilfl11111ilm111hh~fllJ1$iilJfl11mVIlJm~ltlflu Jm~liiU1J1i1111lIl1flllliitJ 308plusmn32
flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
VIilllfl~ lliI~11tJ1MllVi1HllflllllVluilllilll11J~Ulnilli~ 2 WI iliiifllllitl6111llflllVlmnllIll1I1liVllli
WllllltJ~ 111l1l viii1J~~1IJfl lM11141flYlllfiflJt1I1lJIl ~~jj11ll1illJ6~lfl11 iiallll1 fl11 Vl fll1]lJ ~11fltllfltJ1
Qt teldQ
fllJtl1M 11 VIlJ 111l1lJllfl l~fl11
fl11V1fllltJ1fffl1l1flll lJN11ll1ilu illiafll 1 11 ~ ulJ fl~11li11l1119iU l1lfl j1Jli1fl 1M 11~1IIllflullVlui bull
IlliltlllJfilllilfl1 2 lflf11~Illll~1 itliillllllifla91l1f111111 i uUll69111fll7Vlfl
1 rmfffl1l1fl-J~ihilu f1111jlVlU 1i~ii ~IlH1J1J7lnlJ 111m ullilVlfllu UtlflU fl11iif1Ufffllol1 ~ _ i 1middotmiddot 4 -l ~ ~ JiIf111U1U 1Jnfl Ufl1lllJ~flU L~U flll~1 nlJ M1mmfl~nfl UVIifllJ1Hlm1JiJlJ~WMlJlJllmllJ~Il
11
25
~ p ~ ~ ~ ~ bullbull ~ ~ ~ 111111111 U mtl~ulfJll 2539 fltlll1Jltlfl1lmfl~Un6pflll IlU ~1nVllnlltHu Vll 1VlV fl1N1Iljl flll
I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
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1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
lily ~ tI 4 It ltvIt t1IJlI lt111lJlJTUlII1 un 1lm vgWUIJ1t1 2525 l4tim1dl11IJUtiffVlJrl111l4UljlfllU1IJfI U
flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
1L1ilU ljfloWU( 2533 vhM111f1~ ~Tillt1~Ui1f1ifvl1Jll1iJflllitl~rl1U~11J1JlflUVllnfl ffl1llUIJ
i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
d tI~ ltI ~ 11gt ~ 1i(1lJti rllllt11~f VUUIlI rJllmiddotHlI~f 1i(Iln lllJUJllI1lI un mlln JfllJflW1U1Vl 2533 fllll1fllll
I
fl111J li1u1 U 1 ~1J flll1fi11ll1iiu61~Vlri1Jfl111J1lIflllfll 11lvhun61ll111ltlfl IIfl~1fl~lmm1J
11U~11Jfllff1J1JU11Jjlfl11Ugt~ltl2533 m1JU11H mYl 739-745~ hUfl~lUlrI~1Jflfl~flfllimjrullv~lfl~ 2543 lhiuumVlI1VlU dlUflllUtI~1Jfffl~IVmiflpoundjrullltl~ =OIV 4 d $1
lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
~ bull ~ q 1Iffl1UU tn1J1Vl1l~ 1Iti fll1il 1ilfj1JllI 2537 flIJIJ1I1UflII111tiIIIl1mlllIJ tU1JlVlf Vl(J 1Urll
~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
eo ~
bull JO
mmn 4 JWl~1~~lUlJWl~ilf1~1~Ylml)m)1flHIl8~1li-wWi ~Il~mJ~~a~ltA1(Jl1111ili11~1J1niMj l1Q 1 1W
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Wl11Wfl ft11~ (111 W111Wfl ft11~ tl11 thmrfl fl11~ (111
(ftft) (lflJ) (lfIJ) (fl) (lf1J) (lflJ) (ft) (lflJ) (lflJ)
164 432 469 505 39 66 268 46 47
160 453 490 493 38 65 245 45 49
170 445 475 541 40 67 285 49 53
170 458 497 539 40 67 296 50 52
172 440 488 544 41 68 313 50 53 ~
164 111M 167+05
420
44 lplusmn14
455
479plusmn16
523
524plusmn21
40
40plusmn01
66
67plusmn01
1liYlfl
281plusmn26
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48+02
1liVJft
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co
bull bull
bull bull
bull bull bull
20
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11lJ 136 vj~H jjYl11lJlhrwmflllJ91Hi11Jl111rflllV~I1iiui (x) 9l1lJfflJf111fiJ y = 27688xshy
36485 R2= O7096IfIll~lu~llil8
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y= 27008xmiddot 36485
0 5 10 15 20 25
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bull bull bull
21
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ll1vihllllltjjlJ~lU1U 3 ItfJU f1lUU1flllHraquoltl~ IllfJU tU11l1l ]ll 1 UfJU Ul1Im1l6l~WllUii laquo4 I I 013 II d II d d QIe l d J 1n14 d ll~1~fl11ll1Uraquo1ltltl flUl IJ tltlUUI1ltllJ1lJ VItHllUl1f1llJ U1HUltmmHU il1tl1tHUl tltlllUU t lJlItflltlgt
t~ml1l(J HlllJl11J-lJlm 08 tlfU9IllJl1Ii
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ltV v d ltr d 3R8plusmn32 flilJ fl11lJfl11lm1l6tUltlIJ 49plusmnO2 llUl1ItlJIl Ull1J11lJIJ11mI1lltUlllJ 53plusmnO2
bull tI bull
1IfW~tlJi1Ij 1i1WI1VitnJl~1(J61H1i littYllJ1i111iiugiiIJU 11llllMtlflIIInJ 281plusmn26 fl~lJ f111lJfl ~H d lo cl ltV
milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
Itlv191W~hl 2 1gt1fl1HlltlltH 1i1WU1Htlfllfll~h (y) ~lU1W 60 ii iUU111tlflIJtHluJ~h (x) iiflllJ
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35
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1J~1ruthtllti~IJ6~lhflll6~Viihiliif)i1f)Wru~U11tl ihmmJflJlJ lftl ~UlJiii6 illfl t1113 l1lJlIlI~ f bulllfl~flH )j61J61ffl6~ltlU1llllJYltI~6~U lUlId1UU11m~lJflIJtllJ1111Vl~lJtlrll1h 1161JntJ~mlll ~Vi
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lIlllJIJ1 Im~f)tl1JlI1IJln~mf) IJ~ 11ilfJ l 1mllUl~mfnJtl 1 lJtllJ1lJtlVltJ~tlIilVl11l11llll~milfI~
1IgtIgtllIlI1tlqt1f1lll11~ lilll1Jtl1uVl1J11lmtlmlltnil~u lJ1~U 11 fl6~fl~il~timhwf)~ltltIlJ flf1~16fllt1f)WtUII6~)j1~ (2543) i1V~ltlhIll1ml9itldlfll1ltl1II1Vi61fffJ6yitlU1niillJ Umli~VllJhv
tl1~1lJ1ltlutiuliim~llllitlutlftUillffVilrJltlll1~fl ImNutaphand (1979) 11l~ltjhlllll11fJ 9i tl1l fl11 tltfll1Vi111l1fll flqtyWtl i fllfll1J1nru111fUuihu1l11ti~1lll6~U1iTflVi~fllt1f)W ru~1 flll1J
nh1lfl
mUVljmlfJIJ6~(lhll1l~lu1Jgtlltli~111gt1t1~lI Vl1JlUvn~ f1l16~lIJ ltllI~~ lit6~ ~ 1flflll6~ ll~ ~ djltlflll6~YiiiIJtl1ll 11t)) ii~tlU1j) lflij~111llgtl1~lIl1~i~111~WV1~tll~iimlllll11lJ1flflh
A d lt) a a lt) ~ I A 5ff 0 d 1lll6~6t1 1 VllJUVl1llllllJlIlI~ ll11JJlf1lItVl~m~llllJlIu1fltll tl6~1l1m1JtIllllJlIYI6~llflllm tI6fl
f1~6~fllJ11 IlU (2533) i 1l~1tlhtl Il ~1JtlVlU1II1l11l~ tll1JflVllJltVl1m iI1lllIflJ1l1tllJ11101IllflUl
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bull q ~ t q gt ~ q ~ 1 =~ ~ltl1t1t1llVlJ1fl IUlliilJII1ll I1l~llltl1 Itlllll~lI~ 1fl~~qtyVltl1j Itliltl1fllll IIl1 IVl iiltl1llllU
y
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fltI f11i ~11II1llUlii11 tia 6 d~f1 Jl )~ Jl ~ 6l ~lii6~1J 1~1fl lJ I 101filla~ lI ~~~I1JUl11 ci~ 61flVIJ 6~ 11111 VI j1
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bull bull
bull bull
23
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lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
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bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
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~ ~ VIq~fl1j lJmHlfflJI1tJ1j
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24
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flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
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1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
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flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
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Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
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20
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0 5 10 15 20 25
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21
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bull bull
23
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~ P _f d ~ 131 ltjI d P 1 l I II 4
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lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
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bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
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J1Vfl tB~fltiltJ~fllJfiffiJJltlflm (2529) fl~11h11NtlJIiUiflU~1I1Hlii6UflUlJ1fJuii~KtJl~ltJU
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bull bull
24
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IlliltlllJfilllilfl1 2 lflf11~Illll~1 itliillllllifla91l1f111111 i uUll69111fll7Vlfl
1 rmfffl1l1fl-J~ihilu f1111jlVlU 1i~ii ~IlH1J1J7lnlJ 111m ullilVlfllu UtlflU fl11iif1Ufffllol1 ~ _ i 1middotmiddot 4 -l ~ ~ JiIf111U1U 1Jnfl Ufl1lllJ~flU L~U flll~1 nlJ M1mmfl~nfl UVIifllJ1Hlm1JiJlJ~WMlJlJllmllJ~Il
11
25
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I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
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1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
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flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
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lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
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~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
bull bull bull
21
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ltV v d ltr d 3R8plusmn32 flilJ fl11lJfl11lm1l6tUltlIJ 49plusmnO2 llUl1ItlJIl Ull1J11lJIJ11mI1lltUlllJ 53plusmnO2
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milltHmllJ 48plusmnO2 1llUl1IllJIll fl11lJ1I11mi1I6ltilltl1l 51plusmnO3 tllU1llJ1l Vgt11fllilVi1ImU 100
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23
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~ P _f d ~ 131 ltjI d P 1 l I II 4
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lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
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IJUllilfJTlflil ii1flUI11~il1tYfl111lnillYI111e~i U 91111l1ti ~tleU1tJ m~111~lJ lflfl111YillllflliJlJ li~il~
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bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
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~ ~ VIq~fl1j lJmHlfflJI1tJ1j
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24
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42 llfU~lJ91 fl111Wl1 65-68 lfU~llJfll
l1fl1lWUtl1 Ii
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~ d~ j dy UUfl1911ll1IJlllllJllllflf111 II1l1f)1 ~ fJ11J1I1fl1ltJJ
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flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
VIilllfl~ lliI~11tJ1MllVi1HllflllllVluilllilll11J~Ulnilli~ 2 WI iliiifllllitl6111llflllVlmnllIll1I1liVllli
WllllltJ~ 111l1l viii1J~~1IJfl lM11141flYlllfiflJt1I1lJIl ~~jj11ll1illJ6~lfl11 iiallll1 fl11 Vl fll1]lJ ~11fltllfltJ1
Qt teldQ
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fl11V1fllltJ1fffl1l1flll lJN11ll1ilu illiafll 1 11 ~ ulJ fl~11li11l1119iU l1lfl j1Jli1fl 1M 11~1IIllflullVlui bull
IlliltlllJfilllilfl1 2 lflf11~Illll~1 itliillllllifla91l1f111111 i uUll69111fll7Vlfl
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11
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I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
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1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
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flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
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i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
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lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
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~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
22
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f1~6~fllJ11 IlU (2533) i 1l~1tlhtl Il ~1JtlVlU1II1l11l~ tll1JflVllJltVl1m iI1lllIflJ1l1tllJ11101IllflUl
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~ ~ J2 llflllruYIWlfllVIU1
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bull bull
23
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lIlligtilJ~1 fl11lJm1m~B~mj~ 60 lIll~llJm fl1~1I6~l1a~lJilnlibull fl11lJll~fl~H1Vlfl
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~ P _f d ~ 131 ltjI d P 1 l I II 4
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jjUfl11llfl~ Yl11lJ1lIllfllmII(J~mNlJlIflIJ1l1ll1ll 3 llflIJ ~flltl1~ 1 UOIJ lY1UUl~mII1l~Ul~tl ~ 1 n -l1 lflIJ ltllU1lIJm1i16~lJllflIJltllJllU1 fl~U1l~mliljH 1il1l16IJ lJUUllillllflfl111VlflllW lllJflll1l1
lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
mIl(J~l1n~iiltl1lJrmilllthU111~~IWlJl1fl111l1flliitJ 1lJnh~1I1iwli6~rUthlJflUlfljJ111~lJlflflh bull
lllflllJfJ
11 tiII~flUthtlfl~lUlt1jlJ lt111~16flaflll mUltJ ~l1~ (2543) mi1111111~lJe~ lYi1lllfl~ 11 lvi111 lI11JUiJfllJ
IJUllilfJTlflil ii1flUI11~il1tYfl111lnillYI111e~i U 91111l1ti ~tleU1tJ m~111~lJ lflfl111YillllflliJlJ li~il~
lYlBlt1fl1fliUfl11NlYlJliili mllJfflJIiU11iHfl11lJfr)11mIIBltlUnlll11UflIJltJ~vl61iUi CW =
VI(J ~fffl1lJ I HUVIB~l[JIJllYlJ6flU il tl Bli1li~lH U fl1 fl6~lJtllJUIJ flllHU fl1 flltJ~rllll1 U
bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
IiUi cw = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 Utlfl11lJfflJlitJ1111lt1fl11lJ[Jl1m1i16~ltllill1t1fl
~ ~ VIq~fl1j lJmHlfflJI1tJ1j
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J1Vfl tB~fltiltJ~fllJfiffiJJltlflm (2529) fl~11h11NtlJIiUiflU~1I1Hlii6UflUlJ1fJuii~KtJl~ltJU
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bull bull
24
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42 llfU~lJ91 fl111Wl1 65-68 lfU~llJfll
l1fl1lWUtl1 Ii
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11 Jj ~ _ ~ 1 ~ f 7 fl11lJlIU lt1 lJj VI I 802-903 1JtllllfUIII UlllllV1 ~lflUlJjU1jll1llJ1~nltllM1lflflllV1fllltlUl 1 1Ill
lflflllV1fllltl1~ 2 iiall11flllVlmlJulll 458 1Ill~ 415 l1Ifllollu1 1II1lJlh~lJ tUflflWllfllltl1~ 1 mj
I1li11llYlfl~1111U 2 all illflflllV1lllfl1~ 2 Illl9hiJJVlfl~lU1U 1 ull tl1~Iatl~~lflflllhililJli11fl 1fllJiJ1Iilfl11111ilm111hh~fllJ1$iilJfl11mVIlJm~ltlflu Jm~liiU1J1i1111lIl1flllliitJ 308plusmn32
flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
VIilllfl~ lliI~11tJ1MllVi1HllflllllVluilllilll11J~Ulnilli~ 2 WI iliiifllllitl6111llflllVlmnllIll1I1liVllli
WllllltJ~ 111l1l viii1J~~1IJfl lM11141flYlllfiflJt1I1lJIl ~~jj11ll1illJ6~lfl11 iiallll1 fl11 Vl fll1]lJ ~11fltllfltJ1
Qt teldQ
fllJtl1M 11 VIlJ 111l1lJllfl l~fl11
fl11V1fllltJ1fffl1l1flll lJN11ll1ilu illiafll 1 11 ~ ulJ fl~11li11l1119iU l1lfl j1Jli1fl 1M 11~1IIllflullVlui bull
IlliltlllJfilllilfl1 2 lflf11~Illll~1 itliillllllifla91l1f111111 i uUll69111fll7Vlfl
1 rmfffl1l1fl-J~ihilu f1111jlVlU 1i~ii ~IlH1J1J7lnlJ 111m ullilVlfllu UtlflU fl11iif1Ufffllol1 ~ _ i 1middotmiddot 4 -l ~ ~ JiIf111U1U 1Jnfl Ufl1lllJ~flU L~U flll~1 nlJ M1mmfl~nfl UVIifllJ1Hlm1JiJlJ~WMlJlJllmllJ~Il
11
25
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I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
rIUU lyj~I ljtJIli1t1 lIl1UVll nlllti Ilfl1lflW1Ul11 Itti nl1iJ Itfl~ti~U 2529 flllffml1lifv~ jIJ ~ I ~I
1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
lily ~ tI 4 It ltvIt t1IJlI lt111lJlJTUlII1 un 1lm vgWUIJ1t1 2525 l4tim1dl11IJUtiffVlJrl111l4UljlfllU1IJfI U
flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
1L1ilU ljfloWU( 2533 vhM111f1~ ~Tillt1~Ui1f1ifvl1Jll1iJflllitl~rl1U~11J1JlflUVllnfl ffl1llUIJ
i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
d tI~ ltI ~ 11gt ~ 1i(1lJti rllllt11~f VUUIlI rJllmiddotHlI~f 1i(Iln lllJUJllI1lI un mlln JfllJflW1U1Vl 2533 fllll1fllll
I
fl111J li1u1 U 1 ~1J flll1fi11ll1iiu61~Vlri1Jfl111J1lIflllfll 11lvhun61ll111ltlfl IIfl~1fl~lmm1J
11U~11Jfllff1J1JU11Jjlfl11Ugt~ltl2533 m1JU11H mYl 739-745~ hUfl~lUlrI~1Jflfl~flfllimjrullv~lfl~ 2543 lhiuumVlI1VlU dlUflllUtI~1Jfffl~IVmiflpoundjrullltl~ =OIV 4 d $1
lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
~ bull ~ q 1Iffl1UU tn1J1Vl1l~ 1Iti fll1il 1ilfj1JllI 2537 flIJIJ1I1UflII111tiIIIl1mlllIJ tU1JlVlf Vl(J 1Urll
~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
bull bull
bull bull
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lIlligtilJ~1 fl11lJm1m~B~mj~ 60 lIll~llJm fl1~1I6~l1a~lJilnlibull fl11lJll~fl~H1Vlfl
mllJl~fl~l~~ 11h~lllfl~ lmJ~lldJlI 9l11~lJ1JlllfllJliiUIl1111l1flhllff~ mi~ ~ ~ ~ P I~middot ~ middot1 1fl~~llltltI1ll1fl11llflrjn flll m1 fltllJfl111l1lJ I U m1I6~11n~mmll lJtlllllJnfl] IJUUNU m IlIH
~ P _f d ~ 131 ltjI d P 1 l I II 4
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jjUfl11llfl~ Yl11lJ1lIllfllmII(J~mNlJlIflIJ1l1ll1ll 3 llflIJ ~flltl1~ 1 UOIJ lY1UUl~mII1l~Ul~tl ~ 1 n -l1 lflIJ ltllU1lIJm1i16~lJllflIJltllJllU1 fl~U1l~mliljH 1il1l16IJ lJUUllillllflfl111VlflllW lllJflll1l1
lJlJlflfli11llflllJU tlfJlll1fl111llflliill iJffIl~111l ih~1fffl1lJmIl(J~l1n~fffl1lJlYiU~1fJUflIJiNh
mIl(J~l1n~iiltl1lJrmilllthU111~~IWlJl1fl111l1flliitJ 1lJnh~1I1iwli6~rUthlJflUlfljJ111~lJlflflh bull
lllflllJfJ
11 tiII~flUthtlfl~lUlt1jlJ lt111~16flaflll mUltJ ~l1~ (2543) mi1111111~lJe~ lYi1lllfl~ 11 lvi111 lI11JUiJfllJ
IJUllilfJTlflil ii1flUI11~il1tYfl111lnillYI111e~i U 91111l1ti ~tleU1tJ m~111~lJ lflfl111YillllflliJlJ li~il~
lYlBlt1fl1fliUfl11NlYlJliili mllJfflJIiU11iHfl11lJfr)11mIIBltlUnlll11UflIJltJ~vl61iUi CW =
VI(J ~fffl1lJ I HUVIB~l[JIJllYlJ6flU il tl Bli1li~lH U fl1 fl6~lJtllJUIJ flllHU fl1 flltJ~rllll1 U
bullc L4226W+2216 R2 = 07295 tlmllJfflJIiU11h~fl11lJJl1mIi1B~tl1l111t1flIJB~vltJlitJi bull
CL 16962W+23474 R2 = 06247 mllJfflJIiUj11h~fl11lJfl~HmIilltJ~Utl1l1nrflUfNUli
IiUi cw = 09938W+27942 R2 = 05974 Utlfl11lJfflJlitJ1111lt1fl11lJ[Jl1m1i16~ltllill1t1fl
~ ~ VIq~fl1j lJmHlfflJI1tJ1j
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J1Vfl tB~fltiltJ~fllJfiffiJJltlflm (2529) fl~11h11NtlJIiUiflU~1I1Hlii6UflUlJ1fJuii~KtJl~ltJU
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bull bull
24
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42 llfU~lJ91 fl111Wl1 65-68 lfU~llJfll
l1fl1lWUtl1 Ii
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11 Jj ~ _ ~ 1 ~ f 7 fl11lJlIU lt1 lJj VI I 802-903 1JtllllfUIII UlllllV1 ~lflUlJjU1jll1llJ1~nltllM1lflflllV1fllltlUl 1 1Ill
lflflllV1fllltl1~ 2 iiall11flllVlmlJulll 458 1Ill~ 415 l1Ifllollu1 1II1lJlh~lJ tUflflWllfllltl1~ 1 mj
I1li11llYlfl~1111U 2 all illflflllV1lllfl1~ 2 Illl9hiJJVlfl~lU1U 1 ull tl1~Iatl~~lflflllhililJli11fl 1fllJiJ1Iilfl11111ilm111hh~fllJ1$iilJfl11mVIlJm~ltlflu Jm~liiU1J1i1111lIl1flllliitJ 308plusmn32
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VIilllfl~ lliI~11tJ1MllVi1HllflllllVluilllilll11J~Ulnilli~ 2 WI iliiifllllitl6111llflllVlmnllIll1I1liVllli
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11
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I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
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1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
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flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
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d tI~ ltI ~ 11gt ~ 1i(1lJti rllllt11~f VUUIlI rJllmiddotHlI~f 1i(Iln lllJUJllI1lI un mlln JfllJflW1U1Vl 2533 fllll1fllll
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fl111J li1u1 U 1 ~1J flll1fi11ll1iiu61~Vlri1Jfl111J1lIflllfll 11lvhun61ll111ltlfl IIfl~1fl~lmm1J
11U~11Jfllff1J1JU11Jjlfl11Ugt~ltl2533 m1JU11H mYl 739-745~ hUfl~lUlrI~1Jflfl~flfllimjrullv~lfl~ 2543 lhiuumVlI1VlU dlUflllUtI~1Jfffl~IVmiflpoundjrullltl~ =OIV 4 d $1
lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
~ bull ~ q 1Iffl1UU tn1J1Vl1l~ 1Iti fll1il 1ilfj1JllI 2537 flIJIJ1I1UflII111tiIIIl1mlllIJ tU1JlVlf Vl(J 1Urll
~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
bullbull bull
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24
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~ d~ j dy UUfl1911ll1IJlllllJllllflf111 II1l1f)1 ~ fJ11J1I1fl1ltJJ
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I1li11llYlfl~1111U 2 all illflflllV1lllfl1~ 2 Illl9hiJJVlfl~lU1U 1 ull tl1~Iatl~~lflflllhililJli11fl 1fllJiJ1Iilfl11111ilm111hh~fllJ1$iilJfl11mVIlJm~ltlflu Jm~liiU1J1i1111lIl1flllliitJ 308plusmn32
flilJ 1lllllTI1t1mllntJ 281plusmn26 flilJ IIITIJiilAlJ ltllii691nflll1lillltJ 100 11ltJ1loilulIi li1 2 l91fl11
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IlliltlllJfilllilfl1 2 lflf11~Illll~1 itliillllllifla91l1f111111 i uUll69111fll7Vlfl
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11
25
~ p ~ ~ ~ ~ bullbull ~ ~ ~ 111111111 U mtl~ulfJll 2539 fltlll1Jltlfl1lmfl~Un6pflll IlU ~1nVllnlltHu Vll 1VlV fl1N1Iljl flll
I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
rIUU lyj~I ljtJIli1t1 lIl1UVll nlllti Ilfl1lflW1Ul11 Itti nl1iJ Itfl~ti~U 2529 flllffml1lifv~ jIJ ~ I ~I
1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
lily ~ tI 4 It ltvIt t1IJlI lt111lJlJTUlII1 un 1lm vgWUIJ1t1 2525 l4tim1dl11IJUtiffVlJrl111l4UljlfllU1IJfI U
flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
1L1ilU ljfloWU( 2533 vhM111f1~ ~Tillt1~Ui1f1ifvl1Jll1iJflllitl~rl1U~11J1JlflUVllnfl ffl1llUIJ
i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
d tI~ ltI ~ 11gt ~ 1i(1lJti rllllt11~f VUUIlI rJllmiddotHlI~f 1i(Iln lllJUJllI1lI un mlln JfllJflW1U1Vl 2533 fllll1fllll
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fl111J li1u1 U 1 ~1J flll1fi11ll1iiu61~Vlri1Jfl111J1lIflllfll 11lvhun61ll111ltlfl IIfl~1fl~lmm1J
11U~11Jfllff1J1JU11Jjlfl11Ugt~ltl2533 m1JU11H mYl 739-745~ hUfl~lUlrI~1Jflfl~flfllimjrullv~lfl~ 2543 lhiuumVlI1VlU dlUflllUtI~1Jfffl~IVmiflpoundjrullltl~ =OIV 4 d $1
lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
~ bull ~ q 1Iffl1UU tn1J1Vl1l~ 1Iti fll1il 1ilfj1JllI 2537 flIJIJ1I1UflII111tiIIIl1mlllIJ tU1JlVlf Vl(J 1Urll
~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp
25
~ p ~ ~ ~ ~ bullbull ~ ~ ~ 111111111 U mtl~ulfJll 2539 fltlll1Jltlfl1lmfl~Un6pflll IlU ~1nVllnlltHu Vll 1VlV fl1N1Iljl flll
I1iIlUlfliUllJ~ flilJUnlJ~ fl1 ~11l4 39 f11l
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1lI111fJ1J1flIJfllJ1l41ltuljlllllmVlU 11rll1fll1u1lJ~ 35(5)513-526
lily ~ tI 4 It ltvIt t1IJlI lt111lJlJTUlII1 un 1lm vgWUIJ1t1 2525 l4tim1dl11IJUtiffVlJrl111l4UljlfllU1IJfI U
flnNti~ thlf1Vti~ i~lmiddotjiflffijti 11rlllfl1Ul1Jl 35(5)513-526
1L1ilU ljfloWU( 2533 vhM111f1~ ~Tillt1~Ui1f1ifvl1Jll1iJflllitl~rl1U~11J1JlflUVllnfl ffl1llUIJ
i iflll1lVlU 5(1)1-9
d tI~ ltI ~ 11gt ~ 1i(1lJti rllllt11~f VUUIlI rJllmiddotHlI~f 1i(Iln lllJUJllI1lI un mlln JfllJflW1U1Vl 2533 fllll1fllll
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fl111J li1u1 U 1 ~1J flll1fi11ll1iiu61~Vlri1Jfl111J1lIflllfll 11lvhun61ll111ltlfl IIfl~1fl~lmm1J
11U~11Jfllff1J1JU11Jjlfl11Ugt~ltl2533 m1JU11H mYl 739-745~ hUfl~lUlrI~1Jflfl~flfllimjrullv~lfl~ 2543 lhiuumVlI1VlU dlUflllUtI~1Jfffl~IVmiflpoundjrullltl~ =OIV 4 d $1
lIWI t(11JIH1UIftll11iflll11JUm 20811Ul
~ bull ~ q 1Iffl1UU tn1J1Vl1l~ 1Iti fll1il 1ilfj1JllI 2537 flIJIJ1I1UflII111tiIIIl1mlllIJ tU1JlVlf Vl(J 1Urll
~ 1Vl1Jlf11ffllll 48 (3)5-10
Nutaphand W 1979 The Turtles of Thailand Mitbhadung Press Bangkok Thailand 222pp