breeding for market developmentpba.ucdavis.edu/files/157975.pdfvegetable industry by local plant...
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Breeding for Market Development
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OutlineOutline
• How it all began
• Company developmentCompany development
• Quality Seed Multiplier
• Conclusions
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1981
SE Asia study tourSE Asia study tour• Simon GrootGerard Gr bben• Gerard Grubben
• Glenn Goldsmith
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SE Asia During the early eighties the
local seed industry could best be Dependence onlocal seed industry could best be characterized as a seed trading
system
Dependence on imported varieties
Exchange of locally produced farmer‐saved seeds
Mainly open‐pollinated varieties
High post‐harvest losses
Poor yields and qualityq y
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Imported varieties generally did not do well
d l l ditiunder local conditions,particularly during theparticularly during the
rainy season
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Challenges & Constraintsg
ClimateClimate
Knowledge and Technology gapsKnowledge and Technology gaps
Financing gapsFinancing gaps
I f t tInfrastructure
fDiverse growing conditions and farming systems
Diverse market and consumer preferences
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Climate
Diffi lt t• High Temp
• High humidity
Difficult to grow crops off‐season
• Heavy rains
• TyphoonsHigh pest and di• Typhoons disease pressure
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Knowledge & Technology gapsg gy g pFarmers‐ Predominantly small scale‐ Primitive crop production technology
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Knowledge & Technology gapsg gy g pSeed business
Educational gaps:Educational gaps: Plant breedingLocal expertiseLocal expertise
1st breeding team Philippines R&D and Seed Production staffg pp R&D and Seed Production staffThailand, early nineties
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Financing gapsg g pFarmers
P d ti t f t bl ll h hi hP d ti t f t bl ll h hi h• Production costs for vegetables are generally much higher than for field crops such as rice or corn
• Farmers are often resource poor and need access to credit
• Production costs for vegetables are generally much higher than for field crops such as rice or corn
• Farmers are often resource poor and need access to creditFarmers are often resource poor and need access to credit and financing
• Financing of small farmers not attractive to banks
Farmers are often resource poor and need access to credit and financing
• Financing of small farmers not attractive to banks
Seed BusinessSeed Business
• EW targeted Break‐Even 5 years• Took 10 years• EW targeted Break‐Even 5 years• Took 10 years• Took 10 years• Took 10 years
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Infrastructure
Poor farm to market
High transport
roads cost
Lack of good i h lgood
postharvest facilities
High losses
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Infrastructure
EW breeders had to deal with the same problemsp
Lipa City to Hortanova Farm = 8 kilometers
Before
45 minutes
Now
15 minutes45 minutes 15 minutes
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Diverse growing conditions and farming systems
• High G x E interaction
• Complex pest and disease problems, specific to locations
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Diverse market and consumer preferences
• Requires good market knowledge – farmers, traders and consumers
• Availability of a broad germplasm base a ‘must’ for breedingmust for breeding
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Higher yields
Disease tolerance/resistance
Improved shelf‐life and keeping quality
Extended growing season
Better taste and quality
But the business development challenges were daunting …….
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“Oh, East is East, West is West, and never the twain shall meet… But there
is neither East nor West, border, nor breed, nor birth, when two strong men
stand face to face, tho’ they come from the ends of the earth!”
Rudyard Kipling
The twain did meet …….The twain did meet …….
1982 – East-West Seed established in the Philippinespp
Simon Groot in partnership with Benito Domingo saw an enormous potential to improve tropical vegetable varieties for local farmers
Combining local market and production expertise from the E t ith d b i ti f th W tEast with seed business expertise from the West
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2003
200020002006
1984 1995 1982
1990
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From Pioneer to Market Leader
fBefore 1980
• Trading of
1980‐1990
• EW
1990‐2000
• Established
2000‐present
• ExpansionTrading of local OP selections
d
EW pioneered local, market i t d
Established market leadership in SE A i
Expansion into other markets: I di /S A iand
imported seeds
oriented breeding for local
SE Asia India/S Asia; China
• Low quality markets in SE Asia
• Others (e g• Others (e.g. Mahyco) did the same in dIndia
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New operationsTanzania• EW Seed Production
Guatemala• As base for developments of markets in C l d S h A i• Afrisem, with Rijk Zwaan Central and South America
John Wester & companyAfricaMiddl E tMiddle East
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Organizational HeterosisOrganizational Heterosis
H t i
Germplasm Market Info
Heterosis
p Market Info
Plant Breeder Marketeer
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Quality Seed Multiplier
• Measures the additional farmers income for
y p
Measures the additional farmers income for every dollar spent on quality seeds
Gross Rev. of New Var. – Gross Rev. of Old Var.
Seed Cost of New Var. – Seed Cost of Old Var.Seed Cost of New Var. Seed Cost of Old Var.
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Bittergourdg
Important Cucurbit with high market valuep g
First successful hybrid introductions for EW in bittergourd: h h l h l d d din the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and India
EW hybrid introductions transformed the crop from a semi‐commercial, small‐scale crop into a commercial crop
EW h d i t iti i SE d S A i k tEW has a dominant position in SE and S Asian markets
b dStrong resistance breeding program
One of the biggest EW crops: 60 T hybrid seed
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BittergourdBittergourdQuality Seed MultiplierQuality Seed Multiplier
Hybrids 241/242 in Vietnam vs. local OPV
Variable Before Intro
After Intro
Seed Cost (VND/ha) 1,000,000 4,480,000Marketable Yield (kg/ha) 18,000 40,000F t i (VND/k ) 1 200 1 500Farm gate price (VND/kg) 1,200 1,500Total Gross Revenue 21,600,000 60,000,000 Exchange Rate: 20,000 VND = 1 USDg ,Quality Seed Multiplier (QSM) = 11
For every additional VND spent on hybrid bittergourd seeds, y p y g ,the farmer earns an additional 11 VND revenue compared to the old variety!
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Hybrid MilestonesHybrid Milestones
• Pumpkin– Suprema in Vietnam: QSM = 37 p Q
• CucumberMi C i Th il d QSM 20– Micro‐C in Thailand: QSM = 20
• Tomato– D‐Max in the Philippines: QSM = 65
• Eggplant• Eggplant– Casino in the Philippines: QSM = 63
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Milestones Improved OPVpKangkong
Common , cheap, fast‐growing vegetable that nobody took seriously
Improvements for germination, standability, uniformity
In combination with improved physical seed quality and packaging
Introduced in 1988 at more than double the seed price of regular seed
2010: > 800 T
Ref:Kang kong, an important leaf vegetable in Asia : report of a fact finding mission to Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, with a review of the available literature on Ipomoea aquatica forsk.Authors Jan Cornelis; Jan Arie Nugteren, 1982. Wageningen Agricultural University
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Milestones improved OPVp
Long Beang
EW has a good position in the two main long bean markets in SE Asia: Indonesia and Thailand
Improved yield and pod quality
First multi‐virus resistant varieties in the market in 2014in the market in 2014
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Our Markets
Region/Co ntr pop lation egetable prod ctionVeg
Region/Country population vegetable production g
consumption per capita (kg)million % ha %
SE Asia 590 8 7% 3 216 187 6 1% 52SE Asia 590 8.7% 3,216,187 6.1% 52
India 1,166 17.2% 5,904,800 11.2% 65
China 1,338 19.7% 23,717,182 45.0% 280China 1,338 19.7% 23,717,182 45.0% 280
Europe 830 12.2% 4,499,713 8.5% 117
N America 307 4.5% 1,331,192 2.5% 127
Japan 127 1.9% 438,850 0.8% 106
World 6,790 100.0% 52,705,297 100.0%CIA The World Fact Book FAO Stat 2007 FAO Stat 2007
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East West SeedEast‐West Seed
Created dramatic plant breeding breakthroughs for vegetable farmers in tropical Asia through a combination of excellent seedmanship extensive knowledge of local markets and localseedmanship, extensive knowledge of local markets and local plant breeding
Played a key role in the development of the region’s vegetable industry by local plant breeding high qualityvegetable industry by local plant breeding, high quality standards and introduction of better production technology
Today, we are the world’s leading breeder and distributor of tropical vegetable seedstropical vegetable seeds
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Summary and Conclusionsy
Th l ti f th f t i i l d k t i The evolution of the fast growing commercial seed market is largely due to farmers’ recognition of the economic benefits of high quality seedsg q y
Value‐adding by private sector plant breeders will further g y p pexpand the commercial seed market in SE and S Asia
The knowledge and expertise developed to overcome the constraints in SE Asian vegetable industry can be harnessed to support development of the vegetable seed markets and vegetable production systems in other tropical countries
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Happy Farmersppy
3,500 MT seed = 300 billion seeds = >303,500 MT seed 300 billion seeds >30 million Happy Farmers