breeding cattle for a more efficient and sustainable milk and meat production oscar gonzález-recio,...
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Breeding cattle for a more efficient and sustainable milk and meat production
Oscar González-Recio, J. Pryce, M.E. Goddard, B. Hayes
EURO FOOD 201516-18 June, Alicante (Spain)
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19502.5 billion
2015
2060
United Nations (Population Division)
7.5 billion
10 billion?
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HeadingProducing high quality protein
• Animal production aims to transform inputs from plants into high quality protein
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Heading1950 2014
77% improvement
330kg meat per tonne of feed 590 kg meat per tonne of feed
Improvements in efficiency of poultry
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1746 litres/year350 kg liveweight5.6 litres/kg liveweight
6890 litres/year (ADHIS)600 kg liveweight11.5 litres/kg liveweight
1950
2014
Improvements in efficiency of cows
Doubled efficiency through dilution of maintenance
1950
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GROSS EFFICIENCY
Faeces
Energy Loss
Maintenance
Growth (Muscle & Fat)
Heifers
Energy Loss
MaintenanceGrowth
(Muscle & Fat)
1st Lactation
Energy Loss
Maintenance
Milk
Subsequent Lactations
Milk
Fat deposition
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How much do they really eat?
Which cow is the most efficient converter of feed into product?
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Historically only through indirect indicators (live weight)
Importance:• Feeding is 50% of production cost in animal farms• Need to produce more food with the same resources• Climate change might lower the amount of natural
resources or artificial plantations• Feed efficiency is associated with a lower amount of
GHG emissions
Selection for gross efficiency
Difficult to measure (expensive infrastructure; experimental farms)
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Use of massive genomic information in the breeding programs
GENOMIC SELECTION
Definition
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HeadingGENOMIC SELECTION
How it works
DATADNA
Experimental farms
SNPs
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Feed intake unit
EID reader
Feed bin
Load cells
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Heifers and CowsGrowth and Milk Yield
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6890 litres/year600 kg liveweight20 kg DM/d of feed
6890 litres/year600 kg liveweight19 kg DM/d of feed
What’s their real efficiency?
Cow B is more efficient than cow A1 kg/d at $0.3/kgDM is worth $110/cow/year
A B
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HeadingGENOMIC SELECTION
How it works
DATADNA
Experimental farms
Commercial farms
DNA
Breeding decisions in commercial
farms based on feed efficiency
Genomic breeding valueSNPs
SNPs
Pass favorable genes onto next generations
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HeadingLink research “reference” populations
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HeadingResidual feed intake (RFI)
• Can calculate in growing and lactating cows
• Difference between actual feed intake and predicted feed intake from energy demand
• Use dry matter intake (DMI), liveweight (LWT) and average daily gain (ADG), body condition score (BCS) and milk
DMI = b1LWT0.75 + b2ADG + e e = DMI-(b1LWT0.75 + b2ADG)RFI
RFI = DMI – ([Milk] + LWT0.75 + BCS + ΔLWT)
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HeadingFeed efficiency
FE= energy in - energy out
RFI = DMI – ([Milk] + LW0.75 + BCS + ΔBW)
e = DMI - (b1LWT0.75 + b2ADG)RFIheifers
cows
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HeadingFactors influencing RFI
10%
5%
10%
2%
9%
27%
37%
Activity
Body composition
Digestability
Feeding patterns
Heat increment of fermentation
Other
Metabolism & stress
Growth
RFI = DMI-(b1LWT0.75 + b2ADG)
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Genotyped individuals• Lactating Australian Holstein cows• Growing Australian 6 month old Holstein heifers• Lactating UK/NLD Holstein cows
Sources
Growing heifers and lactating cows from Rutherglen and Ellinbank
Overseas cows from UK and NLD
Will grow over time • 120 additional lactating cows added
per year from Ellinbank• >6000 cows from gDMI
Reference population for residual feed intake
• Cow (234)
Aussie
• Heifer (843)
Aussie
• Cow (954)
UK/NLD
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Feed saved
Residual feed intakeDGV
Maintenance from Liveweight BV
ABVs
Annual feed savings for growth and lactating stages of life
RFI only available for genotyped Holsteins
Holsteins that are not genotyped and other breeds have feed saved calculated using maintenance requirements only
Breeding value definition
+
Mixed Model G-BLUPPryce et al. (2014) JDS97: 537González-Recio et al. (2014) JDS 97: 3883Pryce et al. (2015) JDS In press
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What’s the impact?
Daughters of bulls like D, G and J predicted to eat 1% less feed than average
If all 1.7 million dairy cows in Australia ate 1% less feed this would save 103,700 tDM/yr of feed (~$31million)
This could free up 13k ha of land: more cows? Other crops?
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Feed efficiency reduces GHG emissions (CH4)
Courtesy of Peter Moate
Basarab et al., 2013
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Heading• Feed saved is the new breeding value for feed efficiency in Australia and is
measured in kg of feed saved per year through improved maintenance
• Feed saved is available for farmers to choose the sires in their farms
• Improving feed efficiency is important for livestock farmers to be sustainable into the future
• Less feed used for animal production
• More crops available for human consumption
• Less use of land, available for other uses (other crops, natural resources)
Summary
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Thank you!