breast cancer in the views of foods, herbs & vitamins

8/13/2019 Breast Cancer in the Views Of Foods, Herbs & Vitamins

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inhibited growth of 9er2!neu human breast cancer cells by arresting cancercells in the :2'pre7mitotic $hase ( and 6'nuclear division( phase andinducting apoptosis!necrosis' *(. -)4 used alone also inhibited 9er72breastcancer cell growth in a dose dependent manner as the compound up7regulated Ba$'an apoptosis promoter(, down7regulated Bcl72'an apoptosisinhibitor( and, thereby, increased the ratio of Ba$ to Bcl72 favoringapoptosis' +(.

%. omatosTomato is a red, edible fruit, genus Solanum, belonging to familySolanaceae, native to South America. Because of its health benefits, tomatois grown world wide for commercial purpose and often in green house.;ycopene, a major carotenoid component of tomato has been known inresearch community with the property to attenuate the risk of breast cancer.

-n a time and doses depended, the compound showed an anti7proliferativeactivity against &


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moderate to$icity by stimulating the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in multiple breast cancer cell lines and accelerated cell deaththrough the photosensiti5ing effect'2 (.

(. )arlic:arlic is a natural superfood healer for its natural antibiotic with antiviral,antifungal, anticoagulant and antiseptic properties.#iallyl trisulfide'#AS(, a derived organosulfur compounds '?S4s(suppressed the a ratio of viable cells in the culture of '9uman breast cancercell line( 64 71 and 64 7 2a 'a non7tumorigenic epithelial cell line( cellsrespectively by decreasing the percent of cells in phase :'2(!6 and inducingapoptotic cell death as a result of up regulating Ba$ protein and p+)'cellulartumor antigen( protein e$pression'22(. #AS also enhanced the effect ofeicosapentaenoic acid, a breast cancer suppressor, and decreased the effect

of linoleic acid, a breast cancer enhancer and reduced the side effects caused by anti7cancer agents'2)(. -n the study of a protein fraction from garlic, thefraction was found to be more effective than the augment 4#"'@( T7cellinfiltration into the tumor site, in inhibiting tumor growth more efficientlythan garlic e$tract in enhancing the 4#"'@( T7cell infiltration into the tumorsite'2*(.

*. +$inachSpinach is an edible flowering plant in the genus Spinacia, belonging to thefamily of Amaranthaceae and native to central and southwestern Asia. -t isconsidered as a healthy plant containing vary vitamins and minerals.4onsuming spinach may be a significantly protective effect on breast canceramong premenopausal women'2+(. &ating carrots or spinach more thantwice weekly, compared with no intake, was associated with an odds ratio of3.+ ' + confidence interval 3.)*73. (, but does not distinguish amongseveral potential e$planations for the protective association observed

between intake of carrots and spinach and risk of breast cancer.'2 (. -t issaid that included supplementation of A. gangeticus a ueous e$tract of redspinach in + , 1.+ and 3 in cancer induced rats showed a induction of

all tumor marker en5ymes especially at 3 .'21(.

. Kel$=elps are large seaweeds 'algae( growth under shallow in underwater ofshallow oceans belonging to the class /haeophyceae in the order;aminariales, with the thallus is used for food in many cultures. ;aminaria,a brown kelp seaweed containing a antibiotic substance, 7) beta


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glucan, was effective in stimulating the host7mediated immune response andsuggested of playing a essential role in preventing the initiation of breastcancer'2"(. Capanese seaweed ';aminaria angustata( e$tracts was also foundto e$ert its antimutagenic effects in certain breast and colon carcinogen'2 (.;7tryptophana substances isolated from the kelp rhi5oid, may play animportant role in in the inhibition of cell proliferation as an suggestion ofincreased tryptophan degradation occurred in women with early7stage breastcancer')3(') (.

-. Chili $e$$ers 4hili pepper is the fruit of plants from the genus 4apsicum, belonging to thenightshade family, Solanaceae. The fruit has been used in human history forspices and cultivated for commercial profits.4apsaicin 'trans7"7methyl7>7vanillyl7 7nonenamide(, a chemical constituent

of chili peppers used in many cultures as anti cancer agent was found toinhibit the growth of &


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Triple7negative breast cancer T>B4, a cancer does not e$press the genes forestrogen receptor '&


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reduction in cell survival in both the normal and the tumour lines, including'64 71( breast cancer cell lines'*1(. -n other study, free5e7dried fruits oftwo strawberry cultivars ethanol e$tract, strongly inhibited 4aSki and Si9acervical cancer cell lines and 64 71 and T*17# breast cancer cell lines'*"(.

(. 1ome"ranate1ome"ranate is a fruit7bearing small tree, genus /unica, belonging tofamily ;ythraceae, native to -ran but has been cultivated in Asian sinceancient time./omegranate e$tracts and genistein were found to e$ert their anti cancereffect in growth inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis inhuman breast cancer cells'64 71( in doses and time depending manner'* (

by downregulated 9< genes 'a ubi uitous cellular pathway that mediatestransfer of genetic information( and increased e$pression of microAs

'miAs(, mi


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/ineapple is a species of Ananas 4omos, belonging to the familyBromeliaceae and native to southern Bra5il and /araguay. Today it is widelycultivated for commercial uses. -ts rich of vitamins and mineral anddigesting en5yme bromelin seems to help digestion after a high protein meal.-t is a second only to banana as AmericaIs most favourite tropical fruit.Bromelain, a major chemical constituent or herb used in traditionalmedicine found in pineapple has e$erted its anti7metastasis of breast cancer

by up regulating the function of c7Cun >7terminal kinase in cell proliferation,differentiation, survival and migration and p)" kinase to cause programmedcell death'+ (. -n :-7 3 A breast cancer cells, bromelain induced cell deathvia activation of the apoptosis mechanism, in increased dose7dependent by promoting apoptosis and cytokine processing of caspase7 andcaspase7) coinciding with elevation of serum 4= " levels'+ (. -n the

br6#A76B72) mammary carcinoma, oral administration of bromelain

increased the reduced b6A=7 and 6A=7cell activity in cell cycle regulationfrom 1." to +* 'b6A=7cell activity( and from to *1 '6A=7cellactivity by stimulating the deficient monocytic cellular cytoto$icity ofmammary tumor'+1(.

. A$$leA$$le is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, a species of the rose family


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human breast cancer cells by induced proapoptotic activity' (. #7limonene,another compound in orange peel oil, in rodent studies, also e$hibited itschemotherapeutic activity against mammary cells, through the induction oftumor cell apoptosis, tumor redifferentiation, and!or suppression of key

proteins of cell growth7regulating ' 2(.

C. 3thers0. Blac/ 4iceBlack


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phytochemical of green tea, inhibited proliferation of breast cancer cells and blocked carcinogenesis in breast cancer probably through the e$pression oftranslocation across membranes or for degradation, ribonucleoprotein #>Areduplication, apoptotic cascade, etc.' +(. -n inflammatory breast cancer, amost aggressive type of breast cancer, green tea polyphenolepigallocatechin7)7gallate '&:4:(, showed decreased e$pression of genesthat promote proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival in human breastcancer cell lines, SM67 * and SM67 3 by reduced lymphangiogenesis7

promoting genes' ( and inhibited the cell proliferation at 12 hours, after 3micro6 of &:4: treatment. These suggested a possible reactivation ofapoptosis, may be through the comple$ity of the angiogenic switch leadingto the modulation of the cell migration processes against triple negative

breast cancer cells' 1(. -n human breast cancer 64 71 cells, seleniumcontaining polysaccharides 'Se7:T/s( from a new variety of selenium7

enriched Niyang green tea, in dose7dependent, e$hibited an effective cellgrowth inhibition by inducing 64 71 cancer cells to undergo :2!6'cellcycle( phase arrest and apoptosis by an up7regulation of p+) 'tumorantigen( e$pression' "(. Mnfortunately, epidemiological data, on incidenceof breast cancer and recurrence of breast cancer, consumption of + or morecups of green tea a day showed a non7statistically significant trend towardsthe prevention of breast cancer development. &vidence indicates that greentea consumption may possibly help prevent breast cancer recurrence in earlystage '- and --( cancers' (.

'. 4ed wine


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Back to =yle C. >orton 9ome page httpJ!!kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

4eferences' ( -ntake of specific fruits and vegetables in relation to risk of estrogenreceptor7negative breast cancer among postmenopausal women by ung TT,4hiuve S&, %illett %4, 9ankinson S&, 9u B, 9olmes 6#.' /ub6ed ('2( ruits, vegetables and breast cancer riskJ a systematic review and meta7analysis of prospective studies by Aune #, 4han #S, 0ieira A


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' )( p+)7-ndependent apoptosis by ben5yl isothiocyanate in human breastcancer cells is mediated by suppression of 8-A/ e$pression by =im S9,Singh S0.' /ub6ed (' *( ),)I7diindolylmethane and paclita$el act synergistically to promoteapoptosis in 9&eu human breast cancer cells by 6c:uire =/,

>goubilly >, >eavyn 6, ;an5a7Cacoby S.' /ub6ed (' +( Translocation of Ba$ to mitochondria induces apoptotic cell death inindole7)7carbinol '-)4( treated breast cancer cells by


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guaiacylglyceryl( ether isolated from >javara '?ry5a sativa ;. var. >javara(,induce apoptosis in multiple tumor cells by mitochondrial pathway by6ohanlal S, 6aney S=, Santhoshkumar Tegative Breast4ancer in a 8enograft 6ouse 6odel Through 6odulation of -nflammatory4ytokines, by =anaya >, Adams ;, Takasaki A, 4hen S.' /ub6ed ('* ( 4hemopreventive and therapeutic activity of dietary blueberry againstestrogen7mediated breast cancer by Ceyabalan C, A il , 6unagala


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cancer by =han :> , :orin 6A , ewman A damage after treatmentwith lavan7)7 ol vitis labrusca e$tract by Scola :, ernandes 4orreia

;aurino 44, 6enin &, Salvador 6.' /ub6ed ('+ ( Bromelain7induced apoptosis in :-7 3 A breast cancer cells by#handayuthapani S, /ere5 9#, /aroulek A, 4hinnakkannu /, =andalam M,Caffe 6,


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' +( :reen Tea 4atechinsJ /roposed 6echanisms of Action in Breast 4ancerocusing on The -nterplay Between Survival and Apoptosis byEiannakopoulou &4.' /ub6ed (' (&pigallocatechin7)7gallate inhibits stem7like inflammatory breast cancercells by 6ineva >#, /aulson =&, >aber S/, Eee AS, Sonenshein :&.' /ub6ed (' 1( &pigallocatechin7)7:allate '&:4:( inhibits cell proliferation andmigratory behaviour of triple negative breast cancer cells by Braicu 4,:herman 4#, -rimie A, Berindan7>eagoe -.' /ub6ed (' "( -nhibitory effects and molecular mechanisms of selenium7containingtea polysaccharides on human breast cancer 64 71 cells by 9e >, Shi 8,Nhao E, Tian ;, %ang #, Eang 8.' /ub6ed (' ( The effects of green tea consumption on incidence of breast cancer andrecurrence of breast cancerJ a systematic review and meta7analysis by Seely

# , 6ills &C , %u / , 0erma S , :uyatt :9 .' /ub6ed ('13( The red wine phenolics piceatannol and myricetin act as agonists forestrogen receptor alpha in human breast cancer cells by 6aggiolini 6,


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AC.'/ub6ed ('1"( beta7Sitosterol activates as signaling in human breast cancer cells byAwad AB, 4hinnam 6, ink 4S, Bradford /:.' /ub6ed ('1 ( #ietary fla$seed7trastu5umab interactive effects on the growth of9&


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anti7septic, anti7spasmodic, carminative, digestive, e$pectorant, stimulantand tonic agent and to treat head7lice, mites, increase blood pressure,

prevent formation of gas in the gastrointestinal tract and menstrual cramps,etc.Anethole, a major chemical compound in Anise, in 6TT and colonyformation assays, showed to e$hibit anti & 7kappaB'ininflammation, immunity, cell proliferation and apoptosis( transcriptionalactivity through induced cell cycle arrest in :' (!:'3('4ell cycle( phase andapoptosis'2(. Also in the study of selective estrogen receptor modulators or

S&


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repair of #>A( protein e$pression'1( and suppress the proliferation ofB4ap7)1 cells, through the decreased Bcl72 level'regulate cell death(,or induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells by increased e$pressionBa$'involved in p+)7mediated apoptosis( and cytosolic'li uid found insidecells( cytochrome c'/rotein in the inner membrane of mitochondrial((, on aconcentration7and time7dependent manner'"(, or through disruption 'Badtranslocation( of the mitochondrial signaling pathway in B4ap7)1 cells' (.

(. rmericrmeric is a perennial plant in the genus 4urcuma, belonging to the family

Ningiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia. The herb has been used intraditional medicine as anti7o$idant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic,wound healing agent, and to treat flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss,ulcers, ec5ema, inflammations, etc.

4urcumin a common spice and the well7known chemopreventive agent inTurmeric, inhibited the level of telomerase gene e$pression'producesvulnerability of cancer cells( in breast cells treated' 3(. -ts syntheticversion, an ortho7hydro$y substituted analog of curcumin 'B#647A(inhibited 64 71 at a dose e uivalent to that of curcumin ')3L6( on themodulation of selective anti tumorenegtic markers 'intrinsic pathwayJ p+),Bcl72, Ba$, cyt c, Apaf7 , caspase7 , ), /A


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. )reen ea:reen tea contains more amount of antio$idants than any drinks or food withthe same volume, and is the leaves of 4amellia sinensis, undergone minimalo$idation during processing, originated from 4hina. :reen tea has been a

precious drink in traditional 4hinese culture and used e$ceptional insociali5ation for more than *333 thousand years. Because of their health

benefits, they have been cultivated for commercial purposes all over theworld.6ushoom :. lucidum e$tract ':;&( has been used for the promotion ofhealth, longevity and treatment of cancer. 4ombination of green tea ':T&(enhanced the effect of :. lucidum e$tract ':;&( in anti breast cancer cells

proliferation 'anchorage7dependent growth( through the down7regulation ofe$pression of oncogene c7myc 'fre uently altered in human cancers( in

6#A76B72) cells' +(. -n green tea polyphenols ':T/s(, epigallocatechin7)7gallate '&:4:( induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and suppression ofmetastasis in tumor cells' (. Mnfortunately, in the study of :reen teaconsumption and breast caner risk in Capanese women, showed that a greentea consumption is not associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer' 1(.

-. 4ed clo!er4ed Clo!er is a short7lived perennial plant, in the genus Trifolium,

belonging to the family abaceae, native to to &urope, %estern Asia andnorthwest Africa. The herb has been used in traditional medicine as diureticand liver cleansing agent and to treat cancer, whooping cough, respiratory

problems, and skin inflammations, etc.ormononetin, a major compound in orth America. The herb has been used in herbal medicine to treatsymptoms of menopause, premenstrual syndrome '/6S(, painfulmenstruation, acne, osteoporosis, and for starting labor in pregnant women.


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Triterpene glycoside actein from black cohoch showed to inhibit the growthof human breast cancer cells and induced a dose dependent release ofcalcium into the cytoplasm'fluid protoplasm( by altering the activity of the&< -/)'messenger( receptor and >a,=7AT/ase'en5yme pumps sodium outof cells('2 (. -n emale Sprague7#awley rats treated with an e$tract of blackcohosh enriched in triterpene glycosides '21 (, showed an inhibition offibroadenomas by reduced =i7 1 and cyclin # protein e$pression.'22(.

2. 8chinacea8nchinanea also known as purple coneflowers, is a flowering plant of thegenus &nchinanea, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to eastern andcentral >orth America. The herb has been used in traditional and herbalmedicine to treat or prevent colds, flu, infections by stimulating the immunefunction, etc..

4ynarine, a chemical compound in &nchinanen affected cell proliferation on9e;a cells and antiproliferative activity on 64 71 cells'2)(.

09. 1arsley/arsley '/etroselinum crispum( is a biennial flowering plant, genus/etroselinum, belonging to the family Apiaceae, native to the 6editerraneanregion of southern &urope. The herb has been used in traditional medicine asdiuretic agent, and to release spasms, reduce inflammation, clear to$ins,enhance the digestion and stimulate uterus, regulate menstrual cycle, treatedema, etc../arley alcoholic seed e$tract '/SA( and seed oil '/S?( of /etroselinumsativum significantly reduced cell viability, and altered the cellularmorphology of 64 71 cells in a concentration dependent manner'2*(.4arnosol found in parsley, and others herbs such as rosemary, sage, targetedmultiple deregulated pathways associated with inflammation andcancer'2+(.

00. 4osemary4osemary is a perennial herb with fragrant, evergreen, needle7like leaves,

the genus


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?ther in the study of rosemary e$tract, carnosol, carnosic acid, ursolic acid,and rosmarinic acid suppressed the development of tumors in several organsincluding breasts'21(. -n 6#A76B72) , orth Africa. The herb has been used in flok nedicine to treat

bronchitis, whooping cough, sore throat, colic, arthritis, upset stomach,stomach pain 'gastritis(, diarrhea, bedwetting, etc..Thyme e$tract e$hibited significant cytoto$icity and apoptosis in breastcancer cells '64 71 and 6#A76B72) (')3(') (. -n the study incomparison of some herbs for their effects in human prostate carcinoma cell'/47)(, human lung carcinoma 'A+* ( and human breast cancer '64 71(cell lines, thyme essential oil e$hibited the strongest cytoto$icity towards theabove three human cancer cells')2(.

0(. )arlic)arlic #Alli m sati! m7 is a species in the onion genus, belonging tofamily Amaryllidaceae, native to central Asia. -t has been used popularly intraditional and 4hinese medicine in treating common cold and flu to the/lague, blood pressure cholesterol levels, natural antibiotic, etc..-n a case7control study of )*+ patients with dietary history uestionnaire

consisted of a self7administered food fre uency uestionnaire, showed breastcancer risk was shown to decrease as increased consumption of garlic andonions'))(. -n breast cancer cells 64 71 and 64 71'ras(, aged garlice$tract 'A:&( and two of its components, S7allylcysteine 'SA4(, and S7allyl7mercaptocysteine 'SA64( showed anti7proliferative response due tothe alteration in glutathione'antio$idants( level without significantconcurrent changes in the glutathione metaboli5ing en5ymes')*(. -n a


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breast7cancer cell line '64 71(, #iallyl disulphide '#A#S(, a chemicalcomponent in garlic, induced phosphatidylserine translocation from theinner to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and activatescaspase'mechanisms of apoptosis(7). #A#S also modulated the cellularlevels of Ba$, Bcl72, Bcl7$;, and Bcl7w 'induced apoptosis(, in a dose7dependent manner')+(.

+. )in/"o biloba )in/"o biloba is oldest living tree species, genus :inkgo, belonging to thefamily :inkgoaceae, native to 4hina, from temperate 5one to subtropical5one and some parts of north America. -t 9as been used in traditional herbalmedicine in treating impotence, memory loss, respiratory diseases,circulatory disorders and deafness as well as preventing drunkenness, and

bedwetting.

:inkgo biloba e$tract ':b&( used conjunction with Tamo$ifen 'TA6( infemale Sprague7#awley 'S#( rats, showed a slightly beneficial effect on thetherapeutic efficacy of TA6 in female S# breast cancer bearing rats') (. -nthe e$periment of :inkgo biloba e$tract ':B&( effected against 6#A76B72) '&A fragmentation at highconcentrations '+33 and ,333 Lg!ml(. activated the 4aspase7) and mAlevels of apoptosis7related genes 'Bcl72 and Ba$(')1(. -n the study ofAntiestrogenic activities of e$tract of :inkgo biloba, showed an reduced &2levels by stimulating the &2 metabolism and inhibiting &2 synthesis.')"(.

0 . 4eishi : shroom4eishi m shroom or 6in";hi is a fungal species in the genus :anoderma,

belonging to the family :anodermataceae, native to Asia. The herb has beenuse in traditional medicine as anti7caners and anti inflammatory, antio$idantagent and to enhance immune function, treat hepatitis B virus, protectagainst neuron degeneration, etc..-n -nflammatory Breast 4ancer '-B4(, with overe$press &7cadherin 'playsan important role in the growth, development and the intercellular adhesion

of epithelial cells( and the eukaryotic initiation factor *:- 'e- *:-('anessential protein that is the target for translational regulation in manycellular processes(,


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'B4;72, T& 7XB''a transcription factor that hascrucial roles in inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation and apoptosis(e$pression'*2(. /roanthocyanidin, other chemical constituent in grape seeds,showed to suppress precancerous cellular carcinogenesis through downregulated gene e$pression of cytochrome7/*+3 en5ymes 4E/ A and4E/ B 'carcinogenic intermediates('*)(. -n breast cancer cell 64 71,:rape seed e$tract inhibited the proliferation and downregulated the genee$pression of survivin'baculoviral inhibitor(through through arresting thecell cycle in S phase''synthesis phase for #>A reduplication(('**(

0 .


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cancer cells in an &


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2). 4h barb4h barb is a small flower grouped with large compound leafy in the thegenus


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+ 31 HAI4 63++ > 184:AN8N 6?ill in Bald Spots, Stop Thinning 9air And


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0= 2,


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6usarrat C, Al7=hedhairy AA, Siddi ui 6A.' /ub6ed ('2+( 4arnosolJ a promising anti7cancer and anti7inflammatory agent byCohnson CC.'/ub6ed ('2 ( 4arnosic acid inhibits the growth of &


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breast cancer in in vivo and in vitro models by Suare57Arroyo -C,


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Vitamin A is a general term of 0itamin A


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accounts, carotene, al$ha>carotene, "amma>carotene andbeta>cry$to5anthin74arotenoids, plant pigments, converted to vitamin A after intake, though to

play an important role in prevention and treatment of some diseases throughit antio$idant effects.-n postmenopausal women, dietary beta7carotene intake is found to beeffective in reduced risk of breast caner with or without high alcoholintake' (' 2(' )(' (. ?ther studies of circulating carotenoids, also showedthat high levels of beta carotene circulation are associated to decreased riskof breast cancer' *(.-n the risk of breast cancer by estrogen receptor '&


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receptor '&


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6atsushima7>ishiwaki


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eight prospective studies by &liassen A9, 9endrickson SC, Brinton ;A,Buring C&, 4ampos 9, #ai H, #organ C , ranke AA, :ao ET, :oodman6T, 9allmans :, 9el5lsouer =C, 9offman7Bolton C, 9ult[n =, Sesso 9#,Sowell A;, Tamimi


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Aune #, 4han #S, 0ieira Aavarro


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correlation of vitamin B2 intake and no overall association with breastcancer risk')(')a(. Mnfortunately, a +7year survival rate study for in &


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4eferences' (


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/remkumar 0: , Euvaraj S , 0ijayasarathy = , :angadaran S: ,Sachdanandam / .'/ ub>6ed (' ( &nergy7modulating vitamins77a new combinatorial therapy preventscancer cache$ia in rat mammary carcinoma by /erumal SS, Shanthi /,Sachdanandam /.' /ub6ed (' 2( Taste perception and breast cancerJ evidence of a role for diet by Ames9:, :ee 6-, 9awrysh NC.' /ub6ed (

B.%. Vitamin B' >iacin, is also known as vitamin B), nicotinic acid, an organic compoundwith the formula4 9+>?2, found abundantly in chicken, beef, fish, cereal, peanuts andlegumes. -t is best known for its effects in lowering cholesterol andtriglycerides and removing to$ic from our body and promoting production of

steroid hormones.

&pidemiological studies, focused in niacin in reduced risk of breast cancerhave produced conflict results. -n human breast cancer cell, combination ofniacin and butyrate induced apoptosis, through activation of :/< 3 A, a :7

protein7coupled receptor in inhibition of genes, involved in cell survival andanti7apoptotic signaling' (. But in the study of breast cancer risk among4hinese women, niacin was found to be associated with &iacin '4o(, co administration withTamo$ifen 'TA6( showed favorable impact on various blood chemistry

profiles and may be considered as a co7administrating antio$idants withconventional chemotherapy but large scale randomi5ed studies over a longertime span are re uired to ascertain the safety and efficacy')(.

-n tumour angiogenesis, the co administrations also decreased the levels of pro7angiogenic factors which reduced the tumor burden in protection fromcancer metastases and recurrence'*(. ?ral administration of dailysupplement of 33 mg co7en5yme H 3, 3 mg riboflavin and +3 mg niacin'4o(, one dosage per d along with 3 mg tamo$ifen twice per day in

breast caner patients showed to reduce tumor burden by significant increasein poly'A#/7ribose polymerase levels'#ifferentiation, proliferation, and
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Premkumar%20VG%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=17268082http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Yuvaraj%20S%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=17268082http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Vijayasarathy%20K%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=17268082http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Gangadaran%20SG%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=17268082http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Sachdanandam%20P%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=17268082http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17268082http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16022760http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8315163http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Premkumar%20VG%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=17268082http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Yuvaraj%20S%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=17268082http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Vijayasarathy%20K%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=17268082http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Gangadaran%20SG%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=17268082http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Sachdanandam%20P%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=17268082http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17268082http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16022760http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8315163


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tumor transformation and >ormal or abnormal recovery from #>A damage(and disappearance of ational Academies. ?verdoses ofvitamin B) may induce symptoms of severe skin flushing combined withdi55iness, rapid heartbeat, itching, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, etc.

4eferences' ( The niacin!butyrate receptor :/< 3 A suppresses mammarytumorigenesis by inhibiting cell survival by &langovan S, /athania , Nhao E, Speers 4, oster 9, Tsao 6, 6ac/herson >, 9offer A.' /ub6ed (')( &ffect of 4oen5yme H' 3(, iacin on Tamo$ifen treated

postmenopausal breast cancer women with special reference to bloodchemistry profiles by Euvaraj S, /remkumar 0:, Shanthi /, 0ijayasarathy=, :angadaran S:, Sachdanandam /.' /ub6ed ('*( Anti7angiogenic potential of 4oen5ymeH 3, riboflavin and niacin in

breast cancer patients undergoing tamo$ifen therapy by /remkumar 0:,Euvaraj S, Sathish S, Shanthi /, Sachdanandam /.' /ub6ed ('+( 4o7en5yme H 3, riboflavin and niacin supplementation on alteration of#>A repair en5yme and #>A methylation in breast cancer patientsundergoing tamo$ifen therapy by /remkumar 0:, Euvaraj S, Shanthi /,Sachdanandam /.' /ub6ed (' ( Augmented antio$idant status in Tamo$ifen treated postmenopausal
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24371223http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21447479http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12452451http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18427979http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18407793http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18377693http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24371223http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21447479http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12452451http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18427979http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18407793http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18377693


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Taking all together, The effective of vitamin B , in reduced risk of breastcancer is deemed controversial. But no doubt, certain vitamins and mineralsdeficiencies may play a critic role in the influence of development of breastcancer. ?ver doses may induced the symptoms of difficulty coordinatingmovement, numbness, sensory changes, etc., please make sure you followthe guideline of the -nstitute of 6edicine of the >ational Academies.

4eferences' ( #ietary intake of folate, vitamin B , and vitamin B 2, genetic

polymorphism of related en5ymes, and risk of breast cancerJ a case7controlstudy in Bra5ilian women by 6a &, -wasaki 6, Cunko -, 9amada :S,

>ishimoto ->, 4arvalho S6, 6otola C Cr, ;aginha 6, Tsugane S.

' /ub6ed (' a( #ietary folate, vitamin B , vitamin B 2 and methionine intake and therisk of breast cancer by oestrogen and progesterone receptor status by Nhang48, 9o S4, 4hen E6, ;in E, u C9, 4heng SN.' /ub6ed ('2( Association of dietary intake of folate, vitamin B and B 2 and 6T9 ishimura 9, =usama


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'"( 9igh dose of pyrido$ine induces -: B/7) mA e$pression in 64 71cells and its induction is inhibited by the p+)7specific inhibitor pifithrin7F by

>akari 6, =anouchi 9, ?ka T.' /ub6ed (

B.(. Folateolate, also known as folic acid, vitamin B , is a water soluble vitamin,found abundantly in leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, beans, whole grain, etc.The vitamin plays an important role in synthesi5e #>A, repair #>A, andmethylate #>A as well as to act as a cofactor in certain biological reactions,

production of red blood cells for anemia prevention.

Scientific studies, linking folate in reduced risk of breast cancer have produced inconsistent results. -t may be due to race, menopausal status or&< status' (.

-n comparison of the dietary intakes of folate, B7vitamins 'B2, B , B 2( andmethionine, showed that high intake of folate is marginally associated with areduced lower risk for &


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internali5ation into breast cancer cells for safer and more effectivechemotherapy with #o$' (. -n 64 71 and 6#A76B72) breast cancercells, hydrogel, based on ellagic acid and glycine containing folate acidsignificantly inhibit cell viability' 3(. -n nude mice carrying $enograft64 71 tumours, folate inT68'Tamo$ifen(7loaded folate7targeted systemsanticancer action of T68' (. ;ipotropes are methyl group7containingessential nutrients 'methionine, choline, folate and vitamin B 2( in thee$periment in 64 71 cells, showed to significantly reduced cell growth andincreased apoptosis, through upregulation of caspase7)'mechanisms ofapoptosis( and /+)'tumor antigen( en5yme activities' 2(. Also in theevaluation of 6T9 < 4 11T7A 2 "4 polymorphisms in patients with

breast cancer, showed that at dose of 23 nmol!; A could enhanceapoptosis in cases with women who carry 6T9 < 4 11T7A 2 "4genotype' )(.

Taking altogether, folate used conjunction with other chem7drugs haveshown effectively in enhancing the function the medicine in prevention andtreatment of breast cancer cell lines with reduced side effects. ?verdoses offolate may cause stomach problems, sleep problems, skin reactions, sei5ures,etc., pleasemake sure you follow the guideline of the -nstitute of 6edicine of the

>ational Academies.

4eferences' ( Associations of dietary folate, 0itamins B and B 2 and methionineintake with risk of breast cancer among African American and &uropeanAmerican women by :ong N, Ambrosone 4B, 6c4ann S&, Nirpoli :,4handran M, 9ong 44, Bovbjerg #9, Candorf ;, 4iupak :, /awlish =, ;uH, 9wang 9, =houry T, %iam B, Bandera &0.' /ub6ed (

' a( #ietary intake of folate, B7vitamins and methionine and breast cancerrisk among 9ispanic and non79ispanic white women by Eang #,Baumgartner , Slattery 6;, %ang 4, :iuliano A


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study in Bra5ilian women by 6a &, -wasaki 6, Cunko -, 9amada :S, >ishimoto ->, 4arvalho S6, 6otola C Cr, ;aginha 6, Tsugane S.' /ub6ed ('+( #ietary folate, vitamin B , vitamin B 2 and methionine intake and therisk of breast cancer by oestrogen and progesterone receptor status by Nhang48, 9o S4, 4hen E6, ;in E, u C9, 4heng SN.' /ub6ed (' ( #ietary intake of folate, vitamin B2, vitamin B , vitamin B 2, genetic

polymorphism of related en5ymes, and risk of breast cancerJ a case7controlstudy in Capan by 6a &, -wasaki 6, =obayashi 6, =asuga E, Eokoyama S,?numa 9, >ishimura 9, =usama i C,8u %C, Nhou T, %ang 8.' /ub6ed (

B.*. Vitamin B0%Vitamin B0%, also known as cobalamin, a water7soluble vitamin, foundabundantly in a variety of foods, such as fish, shellfish, meat, eggs, dairy

products, etc. plays an important role in regulating the functions of nervoussystem and formation of blood.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19389261http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21736840http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19838916http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24465421http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21135116http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24450459http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24222122http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24218224http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23588242http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22901194http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19389261http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21736840http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19838916http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24465421http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21135116http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24450459http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24222122http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24218224http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23588242http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22901194


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lower levels of mean vitamin 4, vitamin & and selenium than controls. if thelevels of mean vitamin 4, vitamin & and selenium increased by unit, therisk of breast cancer was reduced by 1 ')b(.-n breast cancer survival, dietary vitamin 4 intake before breast cancerdiagnosis may be associated with breast cancer survival. but not in post7diagnosis'*(. 9igh intake of ascorbic acid was in associated to reduce risk of

breast cancer incidence in overweight women and women with highconsumption of linoleic acid 'average consumption of more than grams oflinoleic acid per day('+( and insignificant risk in other breast cancer

patients' (. ?n inflammation in cancer patients, high dose intravenousascorbic acid therapy, decreased the levels of 47reactive protein thusreduced inflammation correlated with decreases in tumor marker levels'1(.0itamin 4 supplements and Anthocyanin '-$or ( at a dose of 2 tablets!day,starting from 3 days before the radiation treatment until 3 days after the

end of treatment was found to be protective against skin damage to patientundergoing adjuvant chemotherapy'"(.-n estrogen7induced breast carcinogenesis, vitamin 4 '0it 4( and butylatedhydro$yanisole 'B9A( found to be effective in inhibition of 1D7estradiol'&2(7mediated o$idative stress and o$idative #>A damage by preventingthe decreasing >< 2'antio$idant response pathway( and ?:: 'basee$cision repair.( levels' (. -n the study of the same but in 64 7 3A cells,the combination also decreased &27mediated increase in "7?9d:'6arkerdetected in cancer patients( levels in the mammary tissues, induced S?#)'&$tracellular supero$ide dismutase R4u7Nn ( through >< 2 /athwayto defense against o$idative stress and in the prevention of estrogen7mediated breast cancer' 3(. An increased e$pression of the mi


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vitamin 4, the combination showed the strongest activator of phagocytosis'immune cell activation( and antibody formation to suppress the growth of

breast and lung tumors, through stimulation of apoptosis' +(. -n *T cancercell line, combined with ascorbate, 6n'---(>7alkylpyridylporphyrins'6n/s( inhibited cancer cells via pero$ide produced outside of the cellthrough enhancing tumour o$idative stress and tumor growthsuppression' (. -n Ata$ia telangiectasia mutated 'AT6( diplotype on the

breast cancer, vitamin 4 enhanced the increase of AT6 to reduce the risk of breast cancer.' 1(. -n &'2( metabolism and o$idant stress in involved inestrogen7induced breast cancer development, vitamin 4 reducesd theincidence of estrogen7induced mammary tumors, increased tumor latencyand decreases o$idative stress in vivo' "(. -n S=7B


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-C, =ang CS, =im #C, =im C&, Shin CS, Cung #C, Ceong EC, 4ho BC, =imT%, ;ee CS, =ang CS, 9wang E-, >oh #E, Cin #9, ;ee %C.' /ub6ed (' *( ;7ascorbic acid 'vitamin 4( induces the apoptosis of B murinemelanoma cells via a caspase7"7independent pathway by =ang CS, 4ho #,=im E-, 9ahm &, Eang E, =im #, 9ur #, /ark 9, Bang S, 9wang E-, ;ee%C.' /ub6ed (' +( 4ombination of glucan, resveratrol and vitamin 4 demonstrates stronganti7tumor potential.0etvicka 0, 0etvickova C.' /ub6ed (' ( 4ytoto$ic effects of 6n'---( >7alkylpyridylporphyrins in the presenceof cellular reductant, ascorbate by Ee 8, els #, Tovmasyan A, Aird =6,#edeugd 4, Allensworth C;, =os -, /ark %, Spasojevic -, #evi :


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wide spread of breast cancer have caused some concerns in the governmentsand researched community. &very year, over 2+3,333 new cases of breastcancer were e$pected to be diagnosed in women in the M.S. alone and therisk of getting invasive breast cancer during life time of a women is !".

6e!els of free circ lation of !itamin < are correlated with ris/ of Breastcancer Suggestions of levels of plasma 2+7hydro$yvitamin # '2+'?9(#( in a

breast cancer risk differentiation by menopause, showed an inverseassociation beyond a threshold of 21 ng!m;, but with flattening of effectsabove )+ ng!m;' (and low levels of 2+'?9(# are at higher risk of breastcancer' (. -n 4hinese breast cancer patients low vitamin # status was foundto be associated to increased risk of breast cancer'2(. -n breast cancer riskin an Australian population, in differentiation of plasma vitamin # levels

indicated that 2+'?9(# concentration below 1+ nmol!; was associated witha significantly higher risk of breast cancer')(. -n progesterone receptornegative breast cancer, restricted to premenopausal women only, plasma2+'?9(# concentrations. significant inverse association in breast cancerrisk'*( -n post postmenopausal breast cancer risk, 4irculating 2+'?9(#)and 2+'?9(# were found to associated with a reduced risk among whites,

but not in other ethnic groups'+(. -n :enetic factor study, some vitamin #receptor '0#


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and two %T '%T *+, %T21 ( cell lines, ,2+7#ihydro$yvitamin #')(' ,2+#')((, the active metabolite of vitamin #')(, inhibited the proteine$pression of 0#< through induced :'3(!:' ( arrest and apoptosis inknockout '0#


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64 3#4-S cells, :emini vitamin # B8;3 2* is found to decrease 4#** protein level'a transmembrane glycoprotein, is a major receptor fore$tracellular proteins involved in invasion and metastasis of human cancers(,suppressed STAT) 'development, progression, and maintenance of manyhuman tumors(signaling, and inhibited invasion and proliferation' "( andinhibited the growth of &rbB2 overe$pressing mammary tumors throughregulating the &rbB2!A=T!&


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>ajm 6N 2, Bartnik & ) , 45arnecki CS *, 45arnecka A6 , S5c5ylik 4' /ub6ed (' a( 0itamin # favorably alters the cancer promoting prostaglandin cascade

by Hin %, Smith 4, Censen 6, 9olick 6 , Sauter &, 6ariani ;, :iordano A, Sergi #,/i55uti ;, #i ;auro ;, 6ontella 6, 4rispo A, 6ottolese 6, Barba 6.' /ub6ed ('1( 0itamin # and cancerJ the promise not yet fulfilled by Bikle##' /ub6ed (.'"( 6odeling vitamin # actions in triple negative!basal7like breast cancer by;aporta &, %elsh C.' /ub6ed (' ( 4haracteri5ation of mammary tumor cell lines from wild type and

vitamin #) receptor knockout mice by Ninser :6, 6c&leney =, %elsh C.' /ub6ed (' 3( &fficacy of 0itamin # compounds to modulate estrogen receptornegative breast cancer growth and invasion by lanagan ; , /ackman = , Cuba B, ?I>eill S , Tenniswood 6 , %elsh C .' /ub6ed (.' ( Synthesis and Biological Activity of #iastereomeric and :eometricAnalogs of 4alcipotriol, /


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' /ub6ed (.' ( Transrepression of the estrogen receptor promoter by calcitriol inhuman breast cancer cells via two negative vitamin # response elements bySwami S, =rishnan A0, /eng ;, ;und vist C, eldman #.' /ub6ed (.' 1(


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inhibition of cell proliferation')b(. -n 9&


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mediated pathway'"(.Also in human '64 71 and 6#A76#72) ( mammary tumor cells lines, 7tocotrienol induced apoptosis through induction of autophagy withevidences of the presence of relatively large increase in the accumulation ofmonodansylcadaverine '6#4(7labeled vacuoles, a marker ofautophagosome formation' (. -n neoplastic'gene modification( @SA'highmalignance( mammary epithelial cells, treatment with * micro6 gamma7tocotrienol, a dose that inhibited @SA cell growth by more than +3compared with that of untreated control cells, decreased intracellular levelsof activated /-)=!Akt 'anti7apoptosis and increased cell proliferation(

pathway' 3(. ?n mouse '@SA( and human '64 71, and 6#A76B72) (mammary cancer cell lines, 4ombined 7tocotrienol and SM 21* '6etinhibitor( treatment resulted in synergistic inhibition through reduction inAkt 'multiple cellular processes( STAT !+ 'activator of transcription ,+ (

and > XB'a transcription factor that has crucial roles in inflammation,immunity, cell proliferation and apoptosis( activation and corresponding

blockade in epithelial7to7mesenchymal transition' a process by whichepithelial cells lose their cell polarity and cell7cell adhesion and start a theinitiation of metastasis for cancer progression.(, as indicated by increasede$pression of &7cadherin, D7catenin, and cytokeratins "! " 'epithelialmarkers( and corresponding reduction in vimentin 'mesenchymal marker(and reduction in cancer cell motility' (. -n other study, treatment ofgamma7tocopherol ' T( and gamma7tocotrienol ' T)( in human breastcancer cell lines, induced apoptosis via de novo ceramide synthesis'keymolecules in cellular life and death decisions and the precursors to comple$sphingolipids found in membranes( dependent activation ofC>=!49?/''4!&B/ homologous protein(!#


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vitamin & supplement may provide significant health benefits in the reducedrisk and prevention and!or treatment of breast cancer when used either aloneor in combination with other anticancer agents' (.

4eferences' ( 4hemopreventive activity of vitamin & in breast cancerJ a focus on 7and 7tocopherol by Smolarek A=, Suh >.' /ub6ed (' a( 6echanisms mediating the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects ofvitamin & in mammary cancer cells by Sylvester /%, Shah SC.' /ub6ed (' b( #ietary administration of 7 and 7tocopherol inhibits tumorigenesis inthe animal model of estrogen receptor7positive, but not 9&, .' /ub6ed ('2( Traber 6:. 0itamin &. -nJ Shils 6&, Shike 6, , 6iller , Stephenson 9& Cr' /ub6ed(')a( Alteration of F7tocopherol7associated protein 'TA/( e$pression inhuman breast epithelial cells during breast cancer development by Tam =%,9o 4T, ;ee %C, Tu S9, 9uang 4S, 4hen 4S, ;ee 49, %u 49, 9o ES.' /ub6ed (')b( dl7alpha7tocopherol induces apoptosis in erythroleukemia, prostate, and

breast cancer cells by Sigounas :, Anagnostou A, Steiner 6.' /ub6ed (')c( :amma7 and delta7tocotrienols e$ert a more potent anticancer effectthan alpha7tocopheryl succinate on breast cancer cell lines irrespective of9&


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'+( 6itochondrial7dependent anticancer activity of 7tocotrienol and itssynthetic derivatives in 9&


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%alker &, Akporiaye &T.' /ub6ed (' ( /otential role of tocotrienols in the treatment and prevention of breastcancer by Sylvester /%, Akl 6A

strands into pieces( and mitochondrial dysfunction')(.-n 64 71, estrogen receptor7positive breast cancer cells, vitamin =)'menadione( inhibited the transcriptional activity of 1beta7estradiol in areporter gene assay'*(. 4< 3", a novel vitamin =) derivative, 'S(727'27hydro$y7)7methylbutylthio(naphthalene7 ,*7dione, e$hibited apoptosis in

both the non79&


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potential, leading to cytochrome c released from mitochondria to cytosol andand cleaved /AA damage and changes in mitogen activated protein kinases '6A/=('regulate proliferation, gene e$pression, differentiation, mitosis, cellsurvival, and apoptosis ( activities' (. Also, in 64 1 breast cancer cells,luorinated 4pd +, an arylating =7vitamin derivative, showed growthinhibition probably via conjugation of cellular thiols, by suppressing theactivity of thiol containing cellular protein tyrosine phosphatase '/T/(en5yme'play critical roles in fundamental biological processes(, withconse uent induction of various tyrosine phosphoproteins'involved in a

number of metabolic and signalling pathways( in promoting mutation cell proliferation'1(.

0itamin = although was found effectively in decreased risk and treatmentfor breast cancers by e$hibition of its effects in cytoto$icity, apoptosis andanti proliferation through #>A fragmentation, mitochondrial dysfunction,cell death pathway, overdoses can induce symptoms of Skin rash, #iarrhea,

>ausea, 0omiting, Anemia, etc. /lease make sure you follow the guidelineof the -nstitute of 6edicine of the >ational Academies. 4eferences' ( 4omparison of antitumor activity of vitamins = , =2 and =) on humantumor cells by two '6TT and S


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6at5no S, Sakai 6, ?kamura >, 6atsuyama =.' /ub6ed ('*( Anti7estrogenic activity of fifty chemicals evaluated by in vitro assays byCung C, -shida =, >ishihara T.' /ub6ed ('+( 4< 3", a novel vitamin =) derivative induces apoptosis and breasttumor inhibition by reactive o$ygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction

by Eang 4

breast cancer in the views of foods, herbs & vitamins

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