brazil's copyright reform
DESCRIPTION
Slides of my talk at UCLA, Feb. 18, 2011http://orgs.law.ucla.edu/JILFA/SYMPOSIUM/Pages/Default.aspxTRANSCRIPT
Intl. IP Law & the 21st Century: Will the Developing World Lead or Follow?
Brazil's Copyright Reform: Lost Chance?
Pedro ParanaguáDuke University
www.PedroParanagua.net
@PedroParanagua
UCLA, Feb. 18, 2011
table
1. TRIPs flexibilities (no WCT/WPPT)
2. Brazil's Copyright Act 1998: TRIPs-plus
3. why?
4. Brazil's copyright reform
after lunch !?after lunch !?
i hope that . . .
which are the TRIPs standards ?
TRIPs-plus
life + 50
TRIPs-plus
life + 50
life + 70
TRIPs-plus
33
TRIPs-plus
33 -- 83
TRIPs-plus
33 -- 83 = 50 years
TRIPs-plus
33 -- 83 = 50 years
+
70 years
TRIPs-plus
33 -- 83 = 50 years
+
70 years
=
120 years
TRIPs-plus
promote who's creativity ?
TRIPs-plus
promote who's creativity ?
TRIPs-plus
promote who's creativity ?
TRIPs-plus
1904 – 1989
TRIPs-plus
1940 – 1993
TRIPs-plus
publisher ?
author or record label ?
who's the owner ?
TRIPs-plus
$15 bi. surplus
TRIPs-plus
for the same reason
TRIPs-plus
life + 50
TRIPs-plus
$27,204
Brazil's Central Bank (2008)copyright royalties flow (in $1,000)
TRIPs-plus
$27,204
$2,359,143
Brazil's Central Bank (2008)copyright royalties flow (in $1,000)
TRIPs-plus
reproduction for archival purposes
TRIPs-plus
reproduction for archival purposes
TRIPs-plus
L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)
TRIPs-plus
L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)
no archival / preservation
restritividade da lei brasileira
restritividade da lei brasileira
restritividade da lei brasileira
TRIPs-plus
shifting from one format to another
TRIPs-plus
shifting from one format to another
TRIPs-plus
L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)
TRIPs-plus
L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)
format shifting
restritividade da lei brasileira
outoutofof
printprint
TRIPs-plus
reproduction of out-of-print works
TRIPs-plus
reproduction of out-of-print works
TRIPs-plus
2 years out of print
authorized full reproduction
(Art. 53(2)4(b))
TRIPs-plus
USP – Social Science 30% out of print
FGV – Business School 45% out of print
P. Ortellado & J. Machado,
“Direitos autorais e o acesso às publicacões científicas”,
Revista Adusp 37, ago. 2006
TRIPs-plus
L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)
TRIPs-plus
L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)
out-of-print works
TRIPs-plus
reproduction for educational purposes
TRIPs-plus
reproduction for educational purposes
TRIPs-plus
L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)
TRIPs-plus
L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)
educational purposes
TRIPs-plus
Art. 46. It shall not violate copyright:
II – the reproduction not for profit, of small excerpts, in a sole copy, for the private use of the person making the
copy, provided it is made by her/himself
TRIPs-plus
what do publishers say ?
there is (mis)information
TRIPs-plus
ABDR
Associação Brasileira de Direitos Reprográficos
TRIPs-plus
no anti-circumvention
TRIPs-plus
no anti-circumvention
DRM (TPM)
only
Microsoft Windows (WMA/DRM)
Apple (“fair”play/DRM)
TRIPs-plus
idea–expression dichotomy
not TRIPs-plus
idea–expression dichotomy
idea–expression dichotomy
why ?
Brazil's Copyright Act 1998
Brazil's Copyright Act 1998
drafting 1988
1980s
deficit US trade balance
1980s
deficit US trade balance
IP
1980s
deficit US trade balance
$43-61 bi. illegal copies
1980-87: $27 bi. surplus
$138 bi. deficit
1986-94 Uruguay Round GATT – WTO
IP + trade (?)
US happy ?
+ + + +
bilaterals . . .
unilateral . . .
royalties flow Brazil US
1994: $161 mi. + 645%
2004: $1.04 bi.
special 301
any interested person
special 301
1988: $39 mi. tariff penalties against BRA
concerned BRA + India lead block against TRIPs
special 301
BRA filed complain against US; which withdrew the measure in 1990
BRA “faced a long battle searching for justice in a trade system which was more about power
than about playing by the rules”
(Drahos with Braithwaite 2003)
special 301
1989: report from MPAA + IIPA
BRA, India, Mexico, China, Egypt, Korea,
Saudi Arabia, Taiwan + Thailand
special 301
2001-2006
BRA
“priority watch list”
special 301
IIPA report Feb. 11, 2008
special 301
relatório da IIPA de 11.02.2008
special 301
Nacional Copyright Forum (Dez. 2007)
Ivana Crivelli: lawyer, 1st VP ASPI, member Copyright Committee OAB/SP
Vanisa Santiago: VP Inter-American Institute of Copyright (IIDA)
Ícaro Martins: Pres. Association of Film Makers (Apaci)
César Costa Filho: composer & lawyer, founder Student Artistic Movement (MAU), Pres. Copyright Defense Association (ADDAF) & ex-pres. Brazilian Union of Writers (UBC)
special 301
relatório do USTR de 2006
IIPA
special 301
relatório da IIPA de 12.02.2007
special 301
IIPA report Feb. 18, 2010
only 25%
what about US' fair use ?
GNU/Linux
IIPA prefers “piracy”
“piracy”
problem or market strategy ?
US
MS Windows VistaBusiness Full
+
MS OfficeProfessional 2007
=
$634.98
www.amazon.com 27.11.2007
Microsoft Windows
BRA
MS Windows VistaBusiness Full
+
MS OfficeProfessional 2007
=
BRL$2,298.00
www.submarino.com.br 27.11.2007
US
MS Windows Vista + Office
=
$634.98
$634.98
Microsoft Windows
BRA
MS Windows Vista + Office
=
BRL$2,298.00
$1,255.73 (BRL$1.83 = $1)
Microsoft Windows
Pedro de Paranaguá Moniz: “Software Livre como Alternativa de Desenvolvimento e de Negócio: em busca da soberania nacional”,Juruá, in “PI: estudos em homenagem à Prof. Maristela Basso”, sob coord. Patrícia Carvalho, ago. 2005
Microsoft Windows
Baseado em “First Annual BSA and IDC Global Software Piracy Study”, de 2004. Cf. http://www.bsa.org/globalstudy/
network effect
special 301
IIPA report Feb. 18, 2010
totally ignores MJ's initiative
Lawrence Lessig
“With the confirmation of the
[copyright] reform, you'll have the
most progressive copyright law in the
world”
http://bcufrgs.blogspot.com/2010/02/lessig-reforma-autoral-dara-ao-brasil.html
then . . .
who else ? ? ?
MinC
to worsen
lost chance ?
balance between
authors
+
owners / industry
+
society
investment <> A2K
1. economic reason for IP: innovation, creativity &
social welfare;
2. if rigid or ill formulated: stifle innovation,
creativity & access
Joseph Stiglitz, IP rights and wrongs, 16 ago. 2005