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Brazil of all Sports


Federative Republic of BrazilMinistry of Sport

International AdvisoryBrasília2012

Contents

I - Brazil of all Sports - Aldo Rebelo ....................................................... 3

II - Brazilian Sport Highlights ........................................................... 16

III - Brazilian Sport Programs - Cássia Damiani ................................. 41

IV - Great numbers of Brazil today ................................................. 115

B823b

Brazil. Ministry of Sport. Brazil of all Sports / Ministry of Sport. – Brasília : Ministry of Sport, 2012. /133p.: il.ISBN

1. Sports. 2. Brazil. I. Title.

UDC 796(81)

Cataloguing in Publication (CIP)

Image creditsPages 4/5. Collection Fundação Biblioteca Nacional – BrazilPage 6. Flu-Memória CollectionPage 7. Museum Casa de Benjamin Constant CollectionPages 8/9. Army Sport Museum CollectionPage 15. Lenk Family CollectionPage 21. Ayrton Senna Institute CollectionPage 23. Celebrity Tennis Limited CollectionPage 24. Photo: Hermes Bezerra/ GKP ReleasePage 26. Flu-Memória CollectionPage 29. Lenk Family Collection Page 30. Photo: Alexandre BattibugliPage 89. IBGEPages 124/125. Embraer Collection

Opção Brasil, Thinkstock Photos, Getty Images, Gabriel Heusi, Ilustrativa,Faquini Produção Fotográfica and Ministry of Sport gallery.

Box CoverSoccerCandido Portinari (1903-1962)Oil on canvas; 1935; 97 x 130 cmCopyright © Joao Candido Portinari

Book CoverFutebolFrancisco Rebolo Gonzales (1902-1980)Oil on canvas; 1936; 86 x 56 cmCopyright © Rebolo InstitutePrivate Collection

Ministry of SportInternational AdvisoryEsplanada dos MinistériosBloco A – CEP: 70054-906 – Brasília DF – BrazilTelephone: +55 - 61 - 3217-1800 / Fax: +55 - 61 - 3217-1707Site: www.esporte.gov.br / E-mail: [email protected]

Sport has an ancestral line with divinity and recreation long be-fore acquiring the current primary characteristics of being fit-ness and competition oriented. In Ancient Greece the Olym-

pic Games were held in honor of Zeus, and some of the sporting disciplines that today are to be found in the modern Olympic Games are evolutions of ancient ritual practices that accompany the evolu-tion of mankind. In the early days of what would become Brazil things were not very different. The Indians, first piece of Brazilian people’s formative ethnic tripod, followed by white Europeans and black Africans, already practiced activities that became sports such as canoeing, swimming, archery, race and, of course, rowing – with which was established the connection with the Portuguese settler who arrived in the territory in 1500 paddling a skiff.

3Brazil of all Sports


Aldo RebeloMinister of Sport

I

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The development of sports in Brazil followed the import-ed cultural model of the European elite. At the beginning of the 16th century the priests of Society of Jesus, which constituted the cultural and religious arm of the Portuguese Crown, were the first to teach Indian boys who frequented their colleges and churches games such as the European games of hoops, originating in the medieval tournaments in which Knights speared rings suspended in the air. The children’s game was, of course, associated with an aristocratic sport in Europe; in Brazil this game would become a rite and entertainment rooted in the population, the “cavalhadas”, a horse riding parade with civic-religious characteristics, with parades, processions and competitions. The horse would turn out to be a working tool also used for recreation and competition.

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At that time it was in force in Brazil the ancient aphorism by the Roman poet Juvenal: “sound mind in a sound body” (mens sana in corpore sano). According to Mary Del Piore in História do Esporte no Brasil – do Império aos Dias Atuais (Editora Unesp, 2009)i, the Colony’s aristocracy reproduced the “art of horsemanship” and the “gentlemen games” of medieval Europe. However, although the horse was little known among the Indians, except for tribes who had contact with Spanish colonizers of neighboring Nations, such as the Guaicurus of Mato Grosso, the animal was also used by slaves, mainly those from the Gulf of Benin who rode masterfully animals of Berber and Arab origin.



Caboclos or civilized indians. Lithography by C. Motte and E. Pierre, 1834.

Cavalhadas (Tournaments). Lithography by Thierry Frères, 1839.

Gouaycourou cavalry charge. Lithography by C. Motte and E. Pierre, 1834.

This explains the religious, civic and recreational multiplicity of activities with horses on the cultural functions of the colony and in the Empire, especially in the “cavalhadas”, where battles between Moors and Christians assumed sports characteristics in the form of exhibitions and competitions. Friar Manuel Calado, chronicler of the Dutch occupation in the Northeast, reveals the “cavalhadas” of noblemen from Pernambuco accompanied proud horseman. More than one historian of the War of Tatters (Farroupilhas) registers General Bento Gonçalves’s taste for “cavalhadas”; this General was described by Garibaldi as a Centaur by his mount ability. Being a worldwide trend, horseback riding was introduced in the Stockholm Olympic Games in 1912. At that time horse racing was already cel-ebrated in Brazil as a sport of great popular interest. Soon another sporting activity coming from Europe, already practiced in Brazil in a functional way, won the popular preference: the regattas originated from River Thames. Still called rowing, it spread like a fever from the late 19th Century to World War I, during the belle époque period. Undoubtedly, rowing was the first sporting discipline in Brazil that concentrated features that together comprise the sport as

fitness, recreation and competition activity. Its dissemination in the country’s main cities, with a profusion of athletes, clubs and competi-tions, forged two novelties essential to the development of the sports universe. Specific organizations aimed at regulating and promoting the competitions were formed. And a new actor thirsty for fun and interested appeared: the audience.

It was the era of sport as an instrument of physical shape and civility improvement. The aristocratic aversion to manual work gives way to the pursuit of physical strength and endurance, obtained by effort as-sociated with leisure and health. João do Rio, one of the first chroniclers to write the so called history of private life, wrote in newspapers from Rio de Janeiro (the capital and main cultural center of Brazil at his time):

“To practice sports in Rio 20 years ago was still an extravagance. Moth-ers would tear their hairs out when one of her boys arranged a dumbbell. A boy without a pince-nez, who could not discuss literature with others and did not attend the academies – was a spoilt man.”

The Republic, proclaimed in 1889 with the decisive support of men accustomed to physical exercises, the military, introduced many reforms in the State apparatus and in regulating national so-ciety. The Army’s doctrine came from the French Positivist Auguste

Comte; with it came the pioneering idea of sports as a way to keep the in-dividual strong and healthy to exercise its role as a citizen. Physical education was, as still is for many philosophical currents, a means of developing disci-pline and enhancing moral qualities. It fell to a disciple of Comte, Minister of Public Instruction General Benjamin Constant of the provisional Govern-ment of the Republic, to promote an

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Portrait of Benjamin Constant by Décio Vilares, 1892.

The Brazilian shooting team on the site where competitions were held, August 3rd, 1920.From right to left: the 1st lieutenants Dermeval Peixoto and Mario Maurity, Sebastião Wolf, Afranio A. da Costa, the first Brazilian Olympic medalist, Guilherme Paraense, Dario Barbosa and Fernando Soledade.Photography taken by Alfred Lane, the famous North American shooting champion.

educational reform that would introduce military shaped exercises in primary schools of the Federal District of Rio de Janeiro. According to researches made by historian Adalson de Oliveira Nascimento for Federal University of Minas Gerais, the matter came into the cur-riculum and from the age of seven students should practice physical exercises oriented by military instructors.

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At that time the chronicler João do Rio observed that the Capital of the Republic lived a time of body worship – mainly in athletic practices used as spectacle, such as the regattas that led crowds to beaches. The poet Olavo Bilac encouraged: “Young men, that’s how the Greeks won in Salamis!” The success of rowing was followed by swimming, not only as a defense technique against the betrayals of the sea at a time when the baths were being recom-mended by doctors, as well as for the physical conditioning. In 1898 the first Brazilian swimming race was held in Rio. In this decade were organized competitions with the first bicycles – vehicle, sport (cycling) and word imported from France. Neologism purists tried to fight the adoption of the word “diciclo” and the oldest insisted on calling it “velocípede”. Soon after bicycle tracks were created in Rio and São Paulo. As recorded by historian Vítor Andrade de Melo in his work “Corpos, Bicicletas e Automóveis”ii, also included in the book “História do Esporte no Brasil ”iii, at the end of the century the fights that excited Europe and the United States, especially boxing, ar-rived at the port of Rio de Janeiro. Practiced in arenas of circuses,



Physical exercices in the military, c. 1940.



on the street and later in clubs and other venues, the controversial sport, admitted to the Olympic Games in St. Louis in 1904, shared with Roman wrestling the attention of enthusiastic audiences. In fact, audiences were so enthusiastic that women could be seen striking each other during fights in the ring. On the other hand, the police still tried to repress capoeira, a fight created by slaves performed as a dance or game. Defense choreography or attack, capoeira inspired fear in pre- and post- Slavery Abolition, enacted in 1888. Practiced mainly by slaves or freed slaves, as deadly as the martial fights of the East, capoeira was banned in 1890 and its practitioners were subject to imprisonment and, sometimes, worse punishments. Despite all that chronologists presented the Consolidator of the Republic, Marshal Floriano Peix-oto, as a distinguished capoeira player. Nothing would compare, however, to the fever intro-duced by a Brazilian boy, son of a Scotsman and a Brazilian of English ancestry who had been studying in England, and re-turned in 1894 with a novelty that would make a cultural revolu-tion in Brazil. Young Charles Miller brought in his luggage two balls and the soccer rules he had played at his school Banister Court in Southampton, Hampshire. Miller was, by the standards of the time, a skilled player and, just like the large British colony that exploited factories and railroads in Brazil, also practiced cricket, as stated by his biographer Aidan Hamilton in the book Um Jogo Inteiramente Diferente! – Futebol: A Maestria Brasileira de um Legado Britânico (Gryphus, 2001).iv But he became an apostle of soccer in the new world, spreading it like a missionary em-bracing the book of rules as a Breviary. On April 14th, 1895, he promoted the first match of the unknown sport in a field in São Paulo. The sport had already been played unpretentiously on beaches, clubs and colleges, but the match organized by Miller pioneered by following the rules of the sport that was becom-ing popular in Europe. In the grass and dirt fields of Brazil the sport found its perfect habitat.

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The news spread about a democratic and easy game, with inexpensive costs unlike the sports practiced by the elite. In the im-mensity of the flat topography of the national territory, it only took a dirt field, a narrow strip of beach, with rocks or sticks for the goal posts, and a ball made of rubber, socks or ox bladder to transform soccer into a national passion alongside samba. Associations that were already popular in rowing, such as Clube de Regatas do Flamengo, of Rio de Janeiro, soon created soccer departments. No other sport enthused the public so much as that of the ball played with the feet. Every city wanted their own club, or more than one, to contend for a championship and divide the population into groups of fanatical fans. Other sports practices followed its trajectory, but soccer became dominant. Yachtsmen exchanged rowing for the ball. Bicycle racing tracks were used for games. Students of Universidade Mackenzie won a different ball, of an unknown game called basketball, newly invented in the United States. Rather than launching it into a bas-ket they set it on the ground and kicked. From the green fields emerged, in 1910, before the advent of the radio or popular mu-sic, the first mass idols such as mulatto Arthur Friedenreich, pio-neer of a lineage of unparalleled talent. Until then Brazil played soccer based on English brochures that taught rules and posi-tions. He expressed what an interpreter of Brazil, the sociologist Gilberto Freyre, called Dionysian football as opposed to British Apollonian game. With a new way of playing, based on intu-ition and improvisation, dribbles, unpredictable movements, in-dividual talent and tactical flexibility, the lineage of Friedenreich founded the football-art. If there was still resistance to blacks and mulattoes in a sport dominated by the white elite, the half-breed Friedenreich – son of a German trader and a black laundress – who began playing with an ox bladder, strengthened in the soccer fields two ideas of major importance offered by sport: racial integration and social mobility. After him, any kid, even those born without a promising future be-



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cause of poverty or skin color, might aspire to be rich, famous and national hero. The peak of excellence of this trajectory of numer-ous protagonists is summarized in a poor black boy who became the most known person in the world, whom the public still loves and the kings ask for autograph: Pelé. It is not necessary to highlight Brazil’s excellence in the planet’s most popular sport. It is the only country that participated in the past 19 World Cups, and has a place as host of the 20th edi-tion of the games; Brazil has conquered five world championships (1958, 1962, 1970, 1994, and 2002) and two vice-championships (1950, 1998). The mastery of Brazilians in the ball game led the British historian Eric Hobsbawm to observe in his book Age of Extremes: “Who, having seen the Brazilian team in its glory days, will deny soccer’s pretention to the condition of art.” With a population close to 200 million inhabitants, sixth world economy and with diverse social strata, it would be natural for Brazil to continue and develop other sports. Brazilian athletes have earned titles of best racers at racing tournaments (three: Em-erson Fittipaldi, Nélson Piquet and Ayrton Senna won Formula 1), boxing (Éder Jofre was declared the greatest bantamweight of all times by the World Boxing Council), tennis (Maria Esther Bueno was nº 1 in the world in 1959 and 1960, and Gustavo Kuerten in 2000), basketball (male world champion in 1959 and 1963 and fe-male world champion in 1994), swimming (César Cielo is two-time world champion in 50 m freestyle). The country has also excelled in international Judo, table tennis and athletics competitions. Brazil participates in the Olympics since 1920, in Antwerp, with the single exception of Amsterdam in 1928. However, the coun-try has no important participation on Winter Games, probably for lack of identity with sports practiced on ice and snow, nonexistent in this tropical climate. During the Summer Olympic Games Brazil conquered 20 gold medals, 25 silver medals and 46 bronze medals – 91 medals in total – ranking in the 37 place in the general coun-try classification. The first three medals were won in the opening, in

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Antwerp: we won shooting competitions with Guilherme Paraense conquering the gold medal with the Rapid-Fire Pistol. Despite hav-ing won five times the World Cup, Brazil has never been Olympic champion (twice vice champion). Yachting, which Brazilians worship since the late nineteenth century, is the sport with more medals: 16, of which six are gold, featuring yachtsman Robert Scheidt, two-time Olympic gold medalist in Atlanta (1996) and Athens (2004), as well as being ten times world champion. A medal that distinguished us, by reminding us of the beginnings of sports with horses in Brazil was the one conquered by Rodrigo Pessoa, who won a gold medal in the men’s jumps, in Athens in 2004. Among team sports, Brazil won two gold and two silver medals in male volleyball, as well as one gold and two bronze medals in female volleyball. Brazil’s participation has grown substantially in Olympic Games. From 21 male athletes selected to five sporting disciplines in 1920, we have progressed to 277 athletes in 2008, playing 32 sports in Beijing. Still making a parallel with Antwerp, in Beijing we con-quered, besides the three gold medals (women’s long jump, swim-ming 50 m and women’s volleyball), four silver medals and eight bronze medals – a total of 15 medals that, as happened in Atlanta, in 1996, shows our improved participation in Olympic Games. The presence of women has grown in proportion with their participation in sports. Only in 1932 in Los Angeles, we had our first Olympic athlete, swimmer Maria Lenk, after whom was named a complex in Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympic Games. But they represented 48% (133 athletes) of the delegation sent to Bei-jing. In 2008, the jumper Maurren Maggi reached the 7.04 mark and won the first Olympic gold medal for women’s singles. Judoka Ketleyn Quadros won a bronze medal in the lightweight class. The volleyball team won three medals, including the gold in Beijing. Since the gold medal won by Guilherme Paraense in 1920, the participation of the country came to prominence with victories that moved the nation, such as Adhemar Ferreira da Silva’s victory, twice champion in triple jump in Helsinki (1952) and Melbourne (1956). In



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Finland, Adhemar won the unprecedented feat of beating the world record four times in a competition (16.05m, 16.09m, 16.12m and 16.22m), being awarded a ritual that would be institutionalized in the games: he was the first athlete to receive the public’s consecration in a celebration that became known as the Olympic Round. The Government fosters and encourages sports in Brazil since the Empire, especially with school curricula of physical educa-tion and construction of sports equipment such as the Maracanã, the largest stadium in the world opened in 1950. Since 1990 busi-nesses related to sports are treated within the sphere of the Cabinet, first as Secretary of the Presidency of the Republic, and then as an autonomous Ministry, with the mission to develop the National Pol-icy on Sports, encourage high performance practices, and develop projects promoting universal and free access for the practice of all sports for children and adolescents.


From left to right: Zenny de Azevedo (Algodão), world basketball champion; Hilderaldo Luiz Bellini, world soccer champion; Maria Esther Bueno; Guilherme Paraense; Maria Lenk and Adhemar Ferreira da Silva. Rio de Janeiro, July 16th, 1959.


Can you imagine a player greater than Pelé, as elegant as Di Stéfano and yet as bohemian as Heleno? It is no exaggeration to say that the first big Brazilian soccer star became a legend.

Friedenreich – or Fried – was born in 1892, the son of a Ger-man immigrant and a black laundress. He was a tall mulatto, with bristly hair and green eyes, a creative player, with short and quick dribbles and strong kicks with both feet. He was the biggest idol during soccer’s ama-teur era, before it became a professional sport in 1933. During the 1919 South American Championship – now known as America’s Cup – the attacker scored a goal against Uruguay that won Brazil’s first important soccer title. The idolatry around Fried was born then, and he was dubbed “El Tigre” by the Uruguayans. Because of the championship, he was acclaimed in the streets of Rio de Janeiro and his soccer shoes were exhibited at a jeweler’s. It was the first mass manifestation around a player, at a time when soccer was beginning to be popularized. Another fact that became legend was the interruption of his ca-reer, in 1932. For four months he commanded a division of 800 soldiers of the São Paulo forces during the Constitutionalist Revolution, leaving the front as a lieutenant. Some say that the attacker had scored 1329 goals in only 1239 plays, which would place him as the highest scorer in the world, even above Pelé. But the documented goals added up to 554 in 561 matches. Even so, it is an impressive number. El Tigre played for a number of Brazilian clubs, with a distin-guished performance at Paulistano, São Paulo and Flamengo. He ended his career at 43, in 1935. He died in São Paulo, in 1969

Arthur FriedenreichA tiger in soccer


Brazilian Sport Highlights

II

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The eternal King, got it?

Pelé

When the talk is about Pelé everything is hyperbolic. After all, what to say about a player who scored 1292 goals in 1367 matches, was able to stop a civil war in the Belgian Congo,

just to see him play in 1969, and was elected the “Athlete of the Century” in an election promoted by the French newspaper “l´Équipe” ? Pelé was born as Edson Arantes do Nascimento in the town of Três Corações in the state of Minas Gerais in 1940, and, since his early days wanted to become a soccer player like his father, Mr. Dondinho, who played in clubs in the South of Minas. The nickname appeared when he, a boy, screamed to the goalkeeper of the club Vasco de São Lourenço, “hold it Bilé”. The kids understood “Pelé” and the nickname stuck. He started to play at the age of 11 in the club Atlético Baurú. Then he went to Vila Belmiro with the promise to become “the best player in the world”. So spoken and done. The acclaim came in the World Cup of 1958 in Sweden, when Brazil, for the first time, became the world champion. He scored six goals! And already in 1961 at the age of 21 was called “King” by the foreign press. After that, with the incredible team of 1970, he brought to Bra-zil the Jules Rimet Cup. He closed his career in 1977 playing for the New York Cosmos where he presented the football of the Brazilians to the North Americans, and as always, enchanted everybody. Pelé even started an adventure in politics when he became Min-ister of Sport from 1995 to 1996, during the government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso. In 2000 in the turbulent election for the “Best Player of the Century” he was acclaimed as the absolute number one, in front of the Argentine Diego Maradona.

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If car racing is one of the most popular sports in Brazil today, much of it is owed to Emerson Fittipaldi. He was the first Brazilian to win the Indy 500 and the Formula Indy, as well as,

of course, being the first Brazilian Formula 1 champion. Fittipaldi was born in São Paulo in 1946 and was dedicated to racing from an early age. After racing karts and being part of the Willys team in 1967, he became Brazil’s Formula Vee cham-pion. After winning in Formula Ford and England’s Formula 3, the pilot went to Formula 1 in 1970. He won the United States Grand Prix racing for Lotus, and two years later he became the world champion, winning five Grands Prix and accumulating a total of 61 points against Jackie Steward’s 45 as the runner-up. He was vice-champion in 1973 and in 1974 he won the world champi-onship for the second time, only this time with McLaren. In the following year, he was vice-champion with the same team. He started his own Formula 1 team, but had few results and the team dissolved in 1980. Four years later, Fittipaldi went back to racing, only now in Formula Indy and in 1989 he won the Indy 500, becoming the first foreigner to win the title. He won the Indy 500 again in 1993 and retired in 1996.

Emerson FittipaldiArriving first

Brazil of all SportsBrazilian Sport Highlights

Nelson Piquet

It was a difficult mission: to be the best Brazilian driver and main-tain the country as a Formula 1 champion. And that´s what he did, achieving his third championship and going into history as the sec-

ond Brazilian to win a world championship. Nelson Piquet Souto Maior was born in Rio de Janeiro, and at the age of seven goes with his family to Brasília. He starts to race karts at age 15 and already shows great talent. Studies in three colleges – phi-losophy, engineering and business administration –, but doesn´t gradu-ate in neither, preferring to follow a career in car racing. As soon as he started to race, Piquet was pressured by his fa-ther, who wanted his son to be a tennis pro and didn´t approve the career of a driver. At times, the Brazilian raced undercover with a pseu-donym. The pilot was a self-made, hands-on mechanic, always improv-ing his performance. Piquet competed in the Formula 1 from 1978 to 1991. with 204 GPs under his belt, he won 23 times and conquered the world titles of 1981, 1983 and 1987, the first two with Brabham and the last with the Williams team. After his last year in the Formula 1, the Brazilian tries to com-pete in the Indianapolis 500 race of 1992, but suffers a serious crash during training and doesn´t compete anymore in worldwide car races, returning to the tracks only in some long duration events (such as the Brazilian Thousand Miles) and some races in the South American F3. Nowadays, Piquet manages his son´s career, Nelsinho Piquet, who follows his father’s steps competing in the Formula 1.

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A tradition of victories

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Ayrton Senna

It was a time when waking up on Sunday morning had a spe-cial flavor: the victory theme music, the Brazilian flag waving in the car, and Ayrton Senna being sprayed champagne high

in the podium. Senna was born in 1960 in São Paulo and was given his first kart at four. At eight years of age, he was taking part in a race. After many victories in kart, Formula Ford and England’s Formula 3, he went to Formula 1 in 1984 to drive for the Toleman team. One year later he was driving for Lotus, competing for three seasons and winning his first Grand Prix. In 1988, he was hired by McLaren and won his first world championship. In the following year, he was the vice-champion, after a controversial disqualification in the Japanese GP; however, he was back to winning in the follow-ing two seasons, and three times world champion. He was a relentless pilot; he visited factories, talked with the engineers, kept fit and was always disseminating his work. He used to say that the runner-up was the “first among losers” and with that philosophy he had 41 wins, 65 pole positions, and 19 best laps in Formula 1. But idols do not live by numbers alone. Outside the car, the three times Formula 1 champion had charisma and was kind to the people. In 1994, the same year he was hired by Williams, his car hit a security barrier at 190 mph at the San Marino Grand Prix in Imola, Italy. A few hours later he was declared dead and Brazil lost its idol.

Track hero


He pounded with both fists, had great reflexes and was able to adapt to the style of his adversaries. This was enough to turn Éder Jofre into the greatest bantamweight in boxing history.

Of the 81 fights in his curriculum, the “Golden Rooster”, as he became known, won 75 (including 53 knockouts) and only 4 were a draw. An impressive number, which made American maga-zine “The Ring” point him out as one of the 10 best fighters in history, placing him side by side with the greatest, such as Sugar Ray Robinson and Muhammad Ali. Éder was born in 1936 in São Paulo, the son of Argentinean “Kid Jofre”, who had been a respectable pugilist and soon passed the boxing tricks on to his son. Éder competed as an amateur in the 1956 Olympic Games in Melbourne, Australia. Two years later, and then a pro-fessional, he became the Brazilian champion in his category; and already in 1960 he won the South American championship and the world title. He kept the belt until 1965 when he was defeated by Japa-nese “Fighting” Harada in a controversial result. In a rematch the following year, Éder was defeated and again contested the jury’s decision. He abandoned boxing in disappointment. Four years later, when nobody expected, the “Golden Rooster” went back to the ring. He competed in another category – featherweight – and won Cuban José Legra in 1973, winning once again the world title. But in 1976, his father – and chief professional mentor – and his brother died, and Éder, again disillusioned, abandoned boxing for good. Today, the “Golden Rooster” teaches box at a São Paulo gym.

Éder Jofre

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Tough fighting rooster

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Maria Esther Bueno

Absolute on the courts. One of the biggest tennis players of all time. Winner of more than 585 titles, including Wimble-don three times, the US Open four times and 19 Grand Slam

tournaments. And as if not enough, she stayed for 10 years in the “top ten” of tennis and was elected in 2000 as the biggest tennis player of the Americas. This is Maria Esther Bueno, a São Paulo native, born in 1939. With the age of 6 she started to play tennis and at age 11 al-ready disputed her first championship. In 1957, at age 18, she wins her first international title, the Orange Bowl in the U.S. The year after that, together with Althea Gibson, she wins the female duo tournament in Wimbledon. One year later becomes the champion in the Wimbledon and Forest Hills tournaments and is received in Brazil as a heroess congratulated by president Juscelino Kubitschek, parading in an open car and receiving ovations by the public Her style was elegant and gracious, but, at the same time, her shots were efficient and precise, a specialist in serve and volley, mak-ing her surpass limits and acumulate trophies. In 1960 for example, she conquered the national tournament of Italy, even handicapped by hepatitis, and a few years later lost a match to Billie Jean King after playing 10 hours in a row and suffering several injuries. In 1974, after a long absence, Bueno comes back to the courts and wins the Japanese Open, at the age of 35. Four years later enters the Hall of Fame of worldwide tennis.

Tennis Queen


Tall, shaggy hair, incredible backhand drives and lots of cha-risma. This is Gustavo Kuerten, or “Guga”, who won 20 titles, including three Roland Garros in 1997, 2000 and 2001,

and one Masters Cup – today’s ATP Finals – in 2000, and is chiefly responsible for the popularization of tennis in Brazil. He was born in Florianopolis to a middle class family in 1976. He lost his father – with whom he learned to play tennis – at an early age. At 14, he began playing tennis with coach Larri Passos, who he would stick with for the next fifteen years. He made his professional debut in 1996 and in the following year, won the Roland Garros Grand Slam, in France. From there on, Guga had immense prestige, and won fans throughout the world. Between 2000 and 2001 he ranked “number one” in the world, winning Roland Garros for the third time and many other tournaments such as the Stuttgart ATP Tour, in Germany, the Mas-ter Series in Cincinnati, USA, and the Indianapolis ATP Tour, also in the United States. Physical problems led him to undergo the first of two sur-geries to the right hip; he had to stand back from the circuit for a long time, when only three wins stood between him and another number one title. He bid farewell to tennis in 2008, playing a few tournaments which left him good memories. “It is not that I don’t really want to play anymore, I apologize but I really cannot play any longer”, he said.

Gustavo Kuerten

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Tennis myth

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César Cielo

When César Cielo begins his ritual before jumping in the pool – making the sign of the cross, slightly slapping his body and spitting out a little pool water – only one thing can be

expected: victory. Well, these victories, together with his charisma, at-tracted Brazil’s attention to swimming again. Cielo was born in 1987, in the city of Santa Bárbara do Oeste, in São Paulo. As a child, he practiced judo and volleyball, and at eight, being a great fan of Gustavo Borges, he began swimming. In 2006 he went to the United States and broke the South American 100 meters freestyle record, which belonged to Fernando Scherer, his manager today. In the 2007 world championship, he came fourth in the same 100 meters competition, sixth in the 50 meters and eighth in the 4 x 100. In the same year, he won three gold medals and one silver medal in the Rio de Janeiro Pan-American Games. In the 2008 Bei-jing Olympic Games, he won the 50 meters freestyle and took the gold medal, having also won the 100 meters bronze medal. In the Swimming World Championship, a year later, he broke the world record winning the 50 meters and 100 meters freestyle competitions. In the 2011 Guadalajara Pan-American Games, Cielo won four golds in the 50 and 100 meters freestyle, in the 4 x 100 meters freestyle relay-race and the 4 x 100 medley, beating the Pan-American record in the first three trials. He is one of Brazil’s highest hopes of gold in the London Olympic Games.

A new hero


Guilherme Paraense’s good aim put him in sporting history as the first Brazilian to win Olympic gold. And did he suf-fer to win that gold!

Paraense was born in Belém, Pará, in 1884; he pursued a military career and made it to lieutenant-colonel in the Army. He was so in love with sport shooting that he used his own money to go to the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp, Belgium. It was a long way to get there: a 27-day trip on boat and trains through Europe, where he even starved. When he arrived at his destination, he discovered that during the trip his equipment had been stolen! The American delegation was so moved that they let the Brazilians have some ammunition and a few Colt pistols for the competition. And Paraense scored 274 points in the “quick-fire” competition – two more than his American “rival” – thus winning the Olympic gold. He also won the team bronze medal in the “free pistol” competition. In 1922, the Brazilian also won gold in the South American Athletic Games. Along his career, Paraense won six Brazilian cham-pionships as well. He retired in the 1930s. He died of a heart attack in 1968 in Rio de Janeiro, at 83, a great national sports hero. Today, the shooting facilities of the Agulhas Negras Military Academy in Resende, Rio de Janeiro, are named after him.

Guilherme Paraense

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Accurate aim

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Robert Scheidt

He is a “medal eater,” and, in the Olympic Games in Lon-don, may reach a position as the biggest Brazilian olympic athlete, surpassing Torben Grael, who also counts with

two gold medals. He comes as a favorite. Again. Scheidt is the biggest Brazilian skipper and the two olympic golds, two silvers and 11 world yachting championships (eight in the Laser class alone and three in the Star class) put him on the top of the sport in the last two decades. The skipper is from São Paulo and was born in 1973, young-est of the three children of a couple of German ascendancy. He started to sail at the age of 9 in the Guarapiranga reservoir in São Paulo with a boat given to him by his father. At the age of 11 he wins, for the first time, an important title, the South American Cup of the Optimist class which he would win twice more in the eighties, starting to dedicate himself entirely to the sport. From there on, he became the world´s biggest skipper in his category, completely dominating the Laser class. He started his big conquests in 1995 with the gold medal in the Pan-American games in Mar del Plata, and the first world title on the island of Teneriffa in Spain, up to the great golden consecration in 1996 in Atlanta. From then onwards he didn´t stop: there were two more Pan-American titles (in Winnipeg in 1999 and in Santo Domingo in 2003), the second olympic gold in Athens 2004, and two silvers: one in Sidney in 2000 and another in Beijing 2008. He comes to the Olympic Games in London as the great favorite.

Two decades on top


Rodrigo Pessoa is a born champion. He won the majority of the great international horse riding prizes that he disputed and is appointed as the best rider in the history of the Bra-

zilian sport. A Brazilian who in fact was born in Paris, France, in 1972. He´s the son of Nelson Pessoa Filho, “Neco”, the jockey from Rio de Janeiro who won more than 100 international prizes, teach-ing his son to ride when he was only 5 years old. At the age of 12, he goes with his family to Belgium and, in 1984, becomes the Belgian pony champion. From there onwards he dedicates himself exclusively to horsemanship. He´s the youngest jockey in the Olympic Games of Barce-lona in 1992, achieving the ninth place in the individual classifica-tion. That same year, he conquers his first great prize in the World Championship in Malines, Belgium. In 1995 he wins the gold medal by teams in the Pan-American Games in Mar del Plata. The next year he wins the German Grand Prix, receives the title of best rider in Paris and Zurich and takes the bronze by teams in the Olympic Games in Atlanta. In 1998 he conquers the World Cup in Helsinki in Finland, and the World Championship in Rome. In 1999, he wins for the second time the World Cup in Göteborg in Sweden and reaches the second place in worldwide equestrian ranking in the Senior category. At the Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008, he reached the 5th place in individual jumping. But the anti-doping test of his horse resulted positive and he was disqualified from the contest.

Rodrigo Pessoa

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The Brazilian knight

29

Maria Lenk

It was another era, and the greatest Brazilian swimmer, aged 10, made her first strokes in the Tietê river since there were no pools. It was another time also because women didn´t participate in Olympic

games. And Maria Lenk, at the age of 17, was the first South American woman to compete in an Olympic games tournament, in Los Angeles in 1932, reaching the semi-finals of the 200m breast stroke. Daughter of German immigrants, the athlete was born in São Paulo in 1915 and was encouraged into sports by her relatives to get cured from a double pneumonia. After the Olympic Games in Los Angeles, Lenk stood-out in the Berlin Games in 1936 as the female forerunner in the butterfly style, reaching again the 200m semi finals. In 1939 she breaks the world records in the 200 and 400 m breaststroke. At the height of her performance she´s the most seri-ous candidate for Olympic gold in 1940, but the event never hap-pened because of World War II. In 1942, she finishes her career and helps found the national school for physical education of the Uni-versity of Brazil in Rio de Janeiro. In 1988, Lenk enters the Hall of Fame for swimming and is honored by the International Federation with the “Top Ten” title given to the 10 best worldwide swimmers in the “master” category. The swimmer continued to participate in tournaments through all her life and, in 2000, she goes to the world championship in Munich, coming back with five gold medals in the category 85-90 years! Maria Lenk passed away due to a cardiopulmonary failure at the age of 92 after a swim in the pool of the Flamengo Club.

From the Tietê to Olympic pools


The biggest name of our female athletics, Maurren Maggi knows quite well how to jump over problems and face chal-lenges. And that´s what she did when she won Olympic gold

in distance jumping in Beijing. A triumphant comeback after years away from sports. The jumper from the state of São Paulo was born in the city of São Carlos in 1976 and started her professional career at the age of 20. In 1999, she surprises in Bogotá achieving the score of 7.26 meters in the long jump, the ninth best in history at that time, mak-ing her finish the year as the number one in this contest. She wins the bronze medal in the long jump in the World Athletics Championship on covered track in 2003 in the United Kingdom. In the same year achieves the score of 7.06 meters, which places Maurren again as the world´s number one in long jumping. In 2003, she is displaced due to doping and stays away from Athens in 2004. But she comes back with full power in the Olympic Games of Beijing in 2008, winning the gold medal. The athlete is the Brazilian and South American long jump record-breaker and three times champion of the Pan-American games in Winnipeg 1999, in Rio 2007 and in Guadalajara 2011. Today, Maurren trains hard to get the gold in the next Olympic Games in London.

Maurren Maggi

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Jumping over problems

31

Ketleyn Quadros

After 5 combats, the judoka Ketleyn Quadros entered the history of Brazilian sports conquering the bronze medal in the Olympic Games of Beijing in 2008, becoming our first

woman to win an Olympic medal in individual sports. Ketleyn was born in 1987 in Ceilândia, a satellite town of Brasilia. She started in sports aged 8 in the Sesi of her home-town, always assuring that one day she would represent Brazil in the Olympics. In 2006, due to lack of conditions to train and compete in Brasília, the judoka is invited by the Minas Tennis Club from Belo Horizonte to train in its facilities. Two years later in Beijing she would enter history with her bronze medal, unprecedented in individual female modalities. The female medals up to then happened only in collective sports. Ketleyn still competes in championships but is out of the Olympic Games in London.

Into history


To Adhemar Ferreira da Silva, there was no such thing as “impos-sible”. During the 1956 Olympic Games in Melbourne, Aus-tralia, he jumped 16.36 meters, breaking his own world record,

and was dubbed the “Brazilian Kangaroo”. And for 48 years he was the only Brazilian to have been twice an Olympic champion. The “Kangaroo” was born in São Paulo in 1927 and had always liked athletics very much, however, he had to work and study, and could only train twice or three times a week during his lunch hour. He com-peted for São Paulo for almost two decades. In 1955, he went to Rio de Janeiro to compete for Vasco, motivated by an invitation from Samuel Wainer to write a column for the periodical “Última Hora”. Something difficult to imagine for a sportsman, right? But not for polyglot Adhemar, who had graduated in Law, Fine Arts, Public Re-lations and Physical Education. Furthermore, he was Brazil’s Cultural Attaché in Nigeria and an actor, having acted in “Orfeu Negro”, winner of the Palme d’Or at Cannes in 1959. Adhemar brought two Olympic gold medals to Brazil: the first from the 1952 Helsinki Games in Finland and the second from the 1956 Melbourne Games. He was also the first Brazilian athlete to have won the Pan-American Games three times, a feat that took 40 years to be matched. It was in the Mexico City Pan-American Games that Adhemar achieved his best mark, 16.56 meters, establishing the world record for the fifth time. The athlete died in São Paulo, in 2001. Eleven years later, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) put Adhemar in the “Hall of Fame”, one of the first athletes in his modality, together with the best athletes of all time.

Adhemar F. da Silva

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The Brazilian kangaroo

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Didi

It was like magic: he kicked the ball with effect, and it went up, up, and then fell into the goal like a “dry leaf ”, to the surprise of his adversar-ies. His precise passes with the outside of his boot caused writer Nel-

son Rodrigues to nickname him “mother of all lousy players”, because he turned common attackers into unforgiving scorers. He was also called “Ethiopian Prince” for his dribbles, which were as sinuous as dance steps. To the international press, one nickname sufficed: “Mr. Football”. Waldir Pereira, or “Didi”, was born in Campos dos Goytacazes. He began playing for Fluminense, where he remained for almost 10 years, when in 1956 he exchanged the Larajeiras district for Botafogo, in one of the biggest transactions in Brazilian soccer. In the next season, he was Rio de Janeiro’s champion. As part of the Brazilian soccer team, he became a national idol when in a match against Peru – which would define a place in the 1958 Cup – he scored a goal with a “dry leaf” style free kick, securing a place for Brazil in Sweden, becoming the world champion. And Didi was elected the best Cup player, amidst top footballers such as Pelé, Garrincha and Zito. In 1959 he went to Real Madrid to compose the dream mid-field with Di Stefano and Puskas, however, disagreements caused his return to Brazil. But he soon recovered his post: he was twice champion in the Rio de Janeiro tournaments of 1961 and 1962, and excelled at the 1962 Chile World Cup. In 1970, he classified Peru for the Mexico World Cup as their coach. However, he was eliminated during the quarter finals, precisely against the Brazilian team. Didi passed away in 2001, following compli-cations from surgery on his digestive system. His dream was to teach a boy his “dry leaf ” secret.

“Mr. Football”


To Marta, the great ace of the new Brazilian female soccer generation, the shirt n. 10 is never heavy. Skillful and an ex-cellent finisher with moves that astound for their plasticity,

she was elected five times as the best female player in the world and makes any opponent shake in their shoes. Marta was born in the town of Dois Riachos, state of Alagoas, in 1986 and before entering any club, already shone in the national team. In 2002, at the age of 16, she took Brazil to the fourth place in the Sub-20 world championship in Canada. After losing in the quarter finals of the World Cup in the U.S.A. in 2003, in the year after Marta was then with the discredited Brazilian team in the Olympic Games in Athens, when they won the silver medal. The evolution of soccer presented by the player called the attention of the Swedes, who have a very strong female soccer league, inviting her to play there. At the Olympic Games of Beijing in 2008, she again got the silver medal being surpassed by United States. She is also a double champion of the Pan-American games of Santo Domingo 2003 and of Rio 2007. Whereas for the Olympic Games in London, Marta´s Brazil is rated as one of the favorites for the gold medal.

Marta

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Soccer shirt N. 10

35

Hortência

In the golden age of women’s basketball, one phrase was con-stantly repeated: “Hortência scores a point”. It is not surprising: she is the highest scorer in the history of the Brazilian basket-

ball squad, with 3160 points in 127 official plays, an amazing aver-age of 24.9 points per play. And in 2007, she entered the basketball “Hall of Fame”. Hortência de Fátima Marcari was born in 1959 in the city of Potirendaba, São Paulo. At 14, she began playing basketball at school, in São Caetano do Sul, and at 16 she was called to the Brazilian squad. Together with Paula and Janeth, the athlete commanded the historical Brazilian squad that made it to the top of the world by win-ning the 1994 world championship in Australia. The championship result had been invariable: it was either the United States or Russia. However, in the semifinals, Brazil beat the United States 110 to 107, and then China 96 to 87. Hortência was chosen the best champion-ship player and was the highest scorer with 221 points. After the world championship she left the sport, but came back in 1996 to play the Atlanta Olympic Games and bring the silver medal to Brazil, a unique feat in the country’s basketball history. Apart from these titles, Hortência won two South American championships in 1986 and 1989; won medals at three Pan-American games (bronze in Caracas in 1983, silver in Indianapolis in 1987, and gold in Havana in 1991) and held the world record by scoring 121 points in one single play. Today, she is the director of female squads of the Brazilian Basketball Confederation.

“Hortência scores a point”


Simply a magic athlete. With expertise and ball technique as well as an incredible overview of the court, Paula received the nick-name of “Magic” and entered Brazilian basketball history.

She was born in the small town Oswaldo Cruz in the inte-rior of the state of São Paulo in 1962. With only 14 years of age she is called to the Brazilian adult team, and at the age of 15 becomes the absolute holder of her position in the team. At the age of 18 Paula receives an offer to defend the UNIMEP while attending the physical education course. In 1991, during the Pan-American Games in Cuba, Paula commands the victory of Brasilian basketball not only over the Unit-ed States but also over the Cubans, the hosts, and also conquering the admiration of Fidel Castro. Before that, she had already conquered silver in Indianapolis in 1987 and bronze in Caracas in 1983. In 1994, she leads our national team in the conquest of the historic world championship when the discredited Brazilian team broke the Russian and American hegemony. But it was in the Olym-pic Games of 1996 in Atlanta that the consecration came to the generation of Magic Paula and Hortência. And the team did a bril-liant campaign and, even losing the final match, the silver medal was worth gold. In 2000, she decides to leave the courts after a career of twenty eight years alone in the Brazilian team. In 2006 she enters the “Hall of Fame” of womens basketball as one of the biggest point guards of all times.

Magic Paula

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A magic athlete

37

Michael Jackson

She opened the doors of women´s soccer in Brazil and reached impressive marks: she played up to the age of 46, completing a career of more than 30 years, and reached the score of 1.574

goals, a score higher than the one of Pelé. Mariléia dos Santos, nick-named Michael Jackson, reigned in the fields. She was born in the town of Valença, state of Rio de Janeiro in 1963. She started to play in the local fields and made a big jump in 1983 when she commanded her team, the Tupy, in the conquest of the first female soccer cup of the state of São Paulo. She was successful and was hired by the Radar team, achieving a score of 800 goals only for that club. In 1990, she moved to the Saad team and conquered six consecutive titles of the São Paulo Cup and the Mundialito of 1995. Michael Jackson was part of the first Brazilian female soccer team to dispute the World Cup in 1991. She also participated in the Olympic Games of Atlanta in 1996, when Brazil reached the fourth place. She was one of the main athletes of the sport in the eighties and nineties helping to popularize female soccer. Nowadays she lives in Brasilia and is the General Coordinator of Female Soccer and of Fans Rights of the Ministry of Sport.

The pioneer


Terezinha Guilhermina is proof that sport overcomes obsta-cles. The sprinter is one of the great Paralympics stars, spe-cialized in 100, 200 and 400 meters.

The athlete from the state of Minas Gerais was born in the town of Betim in 1978. A congenital deficiency made her gradually lose vision. Along with her, five of her brothers have vision impairment. Due to her full blindness, Terezinha is rated in the class T1-T2 and is trained by Amauri Veríssimo, the same trainer of sprinter Lucas Prado. Her guide, Guilherme Santana, helps her in trainings and contests. In 2006, she is elected Paralympic Athlete of the Year by the Brazilian Olympic Committee and, the next year, takes the oath of the Olympic athlete at the opening of the Parapan in Rio. In the Paralympics Games of Athens in 2004 she conquers bronze in the 800 meters and, at the World Championship 2006 in Assen, Holland, takes the gold in the 200 and two silvers in the 100 and 400 meters. In the Parapan in Rio, more gold medals for the Brazilian sprinter, in the 200, 100 and 400 meters. She arrives in Beijing in 2008 as the favorite and didn´t do less: gold in the 200 meters, silver in the 100 meters and bronze in the 400 meters. Last year she took the gold in the 200 meters in the World Championship in Christchurch, New Zealand. That year in Mexico City, Terezinha broke the world record for 200 meters and arrives with confidence at the Paralympic Games of London.

Terezinha Gilhermina

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Running in the dark

39

Jacqueline Silva

J acqueline’s fracture was presented at an orthopedics congress and some specialists affirmed it would be impossible for her to ever walk properly again. She later became the first Brazilian

Jacqueline, or simply “Jackie”, was born in 1962 in Rio de Janeiro. During the 1980s she went to play abroad, when beach vol-leyball became a fever. She became the best beach player in the United States and ranked first in the world. In the beginning of the 1990s, she struck a partnership with Sandra Pires and together they won virtually every tournament they played in Brazil and the United States. But the definitive fame came with the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games. Beach volleyball was making its debut as an Olympic sport and Jackie and Sandra took our first female gold in history. She was elected the best volleyball player in the world by the International Vol-leyball Federation in the 1990s. A born leader and always a fighter for her rights as a woman and athlete, Jacqueline got involved in a num-ber of disputes with heads of the Brazilian Volleyball Confederation. She retired as a player and today coaches women volleyball teams. In 2009 she received the title “Intelligent Athlete”, granted by UNESCO – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization – to top athletes who promote values in education and sports activities as a way of building a better future for young people. It is a selected list that includes only 10 athletes, among them Pelé and Michael Schumacher.

The pioneer

woman to win an Olympic gold.


Brazilian Sport Programs

III

Sports enable human development and citizenshipThe Brazilian Constitution defines sports as a social right and determines that the state offer it as part of its public

policy. Since 2003, the Brazilian government has developed pro-grams that reflect this guideline. The Ministry of Sport promotes social inclusion through the structuring of sports education initiatives. Programs like the ‘Segundo Tempo’ (Second Half) and ‘Esporte e Lazer da Cidade’ (Sports and Leisure in the City), contribute to children and young people’s knowledge, experience and practice of sports. Millions of children, adolescents, adults and vulnerable elderly citizens have begun to partake in physical activity in schools, parks, pla-zas, sports centers, grass and earthen playing fields as well as several other private, public and community-owned spaces.


This wide-reaching approach towards sports broadens the educational and cultural horizons of the population by providing a healthy occupation for their free time. Sports education seeks to provide learning, thought, pleasure and relaxation. These unprecedented policies have been gaining supporters and partners. The programs have gained more financial and human resources and consolidated their operations nationwide.

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On this premise, the “Programa Segundo Tempo”(Second Half Program, PST) was created, aimed at democratizing access to culture and the practice of sports as a way of promoting the integral development of children, adolescents and youth, providing good citizenship training and improving the quality of life, especially in areas of social vulnerability. The Centers for Sports Education are deployed in all units of the Federation in more than two thousand municipali-ties. These are centers that employ 10,646 teachers and 30,000 monitors and serve 1.6 million children and teenagers through-out the country. A strategic move towards achieving this result is coopera-tion with the Ministry of Education, which allows for the enlarging of the Second Half Program within the More Education Program, integrating the national sports policy to the education policy, so as to encourage sports in schools. With this, the program’s focus turned to the schools in order to ensure continuity of the policy and the achievement of universal access to sports education.

The “Second Half” Program Democratizes Access to Sports

Brazil follows a policy for sports education which, ac-cording to the Pelé Law, “is that which is practiced within the educational systems and in other forms of education outside these systems, avoiding selectivity and hyper competitiveness of its practitioners.”


In 2011, the program was introduced in 4.624 public schools in 757 municipalities, reaching about 1 million grade school students. The Ministry of Sport only selects public entities to develop the program, so as to apply the sports education policy. In 2011, af-ter the renewal of cooperation with the Ministry of Defense, it was decided that partnerships would only be established with state and municipal governments and public universities. To expand special projects such as the University PST and the adapted PST for disa-bled people, partnerships were created with 33 federal universities. The Navigation PST was also established, offering access to nautical sports.

More sports for children on Holiday breaks

The “Recreational Activities During Vacations” project of-fers sports to children and adolescents during the school holidays in January and July. Recreation During Vacations has made it possible for approximately 12,800 children and adolescents to participate in one of the 128 “Second Half ” units. In 2012, PST seeks to raise the average annual attend-ance to three million beneficiaries, continuing partnerships with municipal and state schools as well as universities through the inclusion of sports education in 10.000 of the More Education Program schools. The expectation is to reach 4 million grade school stu-dents, aiming at comprehensive education. The aim is also to diversify the program, with special projects, expansion of support for school participation in national and international events, the creation of national and international educational initiatives. This expansion will take place through partnerships with the Brazilian School Sports (CBDE) and University Sports (CBDU) confederations.

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Healthier life with Sports and Leisure in the City

The Sports and Leisure in the City program (PELC) broad-ens and democratizes access to the practice and learning of sports, integrating their actions to other public policies, promoting human development and social inclusion. The PELC develops initiatives in partnership with state gov-ernments, municipalities and universities to ensure access to social rights by operating its centers and offering training. In 2011, the All Ages and Healthy Life centers made it pos-sible to establish 19 agreements, providing estimated benefits to over 218.000 people within the sports centers. In addition to the direct participants of these initiatives, 400 managers, engineers and social workers will be trained. The program currently has 69 project agreements running, benefiting approximately 625.000 people in five of the country’s regions.



Brazil to host the World School Olympics

Brazil was chosen to host the next South American School Games, taking place in December 2012. This choice was made by a unanimous decision of the ten countries that make up the South American Council of Sports (Consude). It was also confirmed that Brazil will host the World School Olympic Games – Gymnasiade in 2013. These Olympic Games, which have never been hosted in the Americas, will bring together countries affiliated to the International School Sport Federation (ISF) in terms of athletics, swimming, rhythmic and artistic gymnastics. The Gymnasiade is the most important event of the ISF and takes place every four years.

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Social inclusion through sports

The Painting Freedom and Painting Citizenship programs aim to enable social inclusion through sports. Prisoners, adolescents in con-flict with the law and socially vulnerable portions of the population are able to seek social inclusion through the manufacturing of sports equipment used in programs administered by the Ministry of Sport. In 2011, the program produced 275.000 different sporting goods, which benefited about 4.3 million people linked to social programs and public school sports. The estimated production for 2012 is of 900.000 sport items, which will permit 15 million separate services to be provided. These sporting goods also reached more than one hundred countries, including England, Japan, Argentina, Angola, Canada, Spain and France. The mechanism for the participation of interns in the Painting Freedom program is simple, but essential for the stimula-tion of productivity. They earn a fee in accordance with the pro-duction, and every three working days, one day is reduced from their penalty. In one year of work, the inmate can reduce his sen-tence by nearly three months. In addition to bringing their own freedom quicker, prisoners gain qualification and work experience. The program also reduced the recidivism of its participants, allow-ing them to leave prison with a profession and often working in the Painting Citizenship units. The Painting Citizenship program follows the same prin-ciples. The difference is that these units are located within needy communities. The production moves the economy of these com-munities, creates jobs and income, and has led to the qualification of more than three thousand people. This program diversifies the production of sporting goods. Aside from manufacturing balls and clothes, partnerships enable the construction of athletic fields with used rubber from tire factories and the manufacturing of chess pieces with recycled plastic.



Rattle Balls for Paralympic Sports

In the Feira de Santana (BA) unit, rattle balls are produced for the visually impaired. Each ball is made with internal bells that produce sound effects, essential for the sport because the sound at-tracts and guides players with varying degrees of visual impairment. The quality of the ball ensured that the product was officially used in the International Blind Sports (IBSA) Federation’s competitions. Since then, the Brazilian rattle balls roll on the lawns of 108 countries. In 2005, the balls gained the seal of the National Institute of Metrol-ogy, Standardization and Industrial Quality (Inmetro). In 2008, five player soccer for the blind, at the Paralympic Games in Beijing, used 100 of these balls produced by the factory in Feira de Santana, where 700 women worked on the outskirts of the

city. Three hundred young former inmates and 200 inmates also partici-pated in the manufacturing of the rattle balls in the Bahia Unit.

Rattle balls are used by the visually impaired for sport practices.

Social technology made in Brazil

The success of the Painting Freedom and Painting Citizen-ship programs attracted interest from other countries in this genu-inely Brazilian social technology. Angola and Mozambique, in Africa, already have factories. The deployment reduces costs with imported sports equipment and helps popularize sports in those countries. In Angola, the factory was implemented between 2005 and 2006, the Viana prison, 40 km from the capital, Luanda. The Mozam-bique factory was opened in 2009 in the capital Maputo and is part of a cooperation agreement between the two countries.



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Moreover, Brazil offers an example of international solidarity by donating articles produced by these two programs to nations that undergo acute social crises or natural disasters, such as São Tomé and Príncipe, Cape Verde, Guinea Bissau and Haiti.

Athlete Scholarship, the largest direct athlete incentive program in the world

The Brazilian government has, since 2005, maintained the largest individual athlete sponsorship program in the world. The program is aimed at high performance athletes and para-athletes achieving good results in national and international competitions within their modalities. The program ensures the conditions nec-essary for them to dedicate themselves exclusively and unworried-ly to their training, improving their performance and participating in local South American, Pan American, World, Olympic and Para-lympic competitions. Currently, there are five scholarship categories offered by the Ministry of Sport: Base, Student, National, International and Olympic/Paralympic Athlete. Soon, the Podium Athlete category will become effective, which is also a new program for the Ministry of Sport. Designed to accommodate elite sport athletes with real capacity to compete for end-titles and medals, the Podium program will serve athletes in the top 20 list of the world ranking for indi-vidual Olympic and Paralympic sports. The benefits may reach up to $ 15,000 per month. For athletes to optimize their performance to reach a higher preparation level, there will be support providing stable training in necessary structures. The Podium program – alongside the upcoming Technical Scholarship – will allow hiring technical and/or profession-al staff members (physiotherapists, nutritionists, psychologists, etc.), assisting in the acquisition of first rate materials and equipment for training and ensuring support for international exchanges, allowing athletes to participate in the major competitions.

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Scholarship category

Value in (R$)Number

of Scholarship Athletes in 2012

Student 370 233

Base 370 206

National 925 2.712

International 1.850 816

Olympic / Paralympic

3.100 276

Podium Up to 15 thousand In implementation

Total – 4.243

Program data

Scholarship Athletes will receive a monthly allowance for one year. The money is deposited on a monthly basis into the athlete’s account in the state-owned Caixa Econômica Fed-eral bank. The priority is for athletes competing in sports included in the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Next, the support will go to athletes that will compete in the Pan American Games and other sports that are not part of these competitions. The Athlete Scholarship program serves athletes who have achieved good results regardless of their economic con-ditions and the help of intermediaries. It is only necessary for them to meet the requirements, continue training, competing and obtaining good results. The athlete will answer to the gov-ernment and society primarily by obtaining significant results in competitions.



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The federal program has inspired some states and munic-ipalities to establish their own similar projects, from which Bra-zilian sports in general have profited. The program goes through ongoing evaluation and continuous improvement to satisfacto-rily meet the objectives of stakeholders and high performance sports in the country.

Scholarship Athlete Stats since 2005

Scholarship CategoryAmount of

Scholarship Athletes in 2012

Scholarships in 2012 (Olympic and Paralympic sports only)

4.243 *

Total Scholarships since 2005 (including 2012) 18.140

Resources in 2012 R$ 60,2 Million

Total Resources since 2005 (including 2012) R$ 284,4 Million

Total Paralympic and Olympic sports modalities in 2012

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Total modalities in the Pan American games and others

Around 25

* This amount will soon increase with the inclusion of contemplated Pan American modalities among others.



YearTotal athletes

coveredWomen %

2006 924 306 33,1

2007 846 275 32,5

2008 2.160 779 36,0

2009 3.370 1.162 34,5

2010 2.954 1.044 35,3

2011 3.643 1.349 37,0

2012 4.243 1.744 41,1

Parapan American

Games

Pan American Games

Gold 56 11

Silver 52 17

Bronze 48 30

Total Scholarship Athletes to Win Medals

106 102

Total medals won by Scholarship Athletes

156 58

Total medals won by Brazil 197 141

Total Scholarship Particpating Scholarship Athletes

162 198

Scholarship Athlete Medals – Guadalajara 2011



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Paralympics Olympics

Gold 2 –

Silver 3 1

Bronze 7 –

Total Scholarship Athletes to Win Medals

19 7

Total medals won by Scholarship Athletes

12 1

Total Scholarship Particpating Scholar-ship Athletes

47 15

Beijing 2008

Of the total beneficiaries this year, 1.744 are women (41%) and 1.184 (28%) are athletes with disabilities. In 2012, the Ministry almost doubled the investment in Brazilian sports scholarships. In 2012, the country invested the largest amount of funds directly in the performance of Brazilian athletes, a result that is fully aligned with the objective of transforming Brazil into a sporting superpow-er, from 2016 onwards.

Sports Incentive Act

In Brazil the Sports Incentive Act has gone into effect, a law responsible for significantly expanding the amount of money invested in sport across the country.

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The bill, from the 29th of December 2006, has estab-lished itself as an effective tool for funding sports projects. It is a public policy that joins society, government and entrepreneurs in the development of national sports. With the funds deduct-ed from the income tax, more than 1700 companies sponsored around 800 projects in sports education, based on participation or high yields. By the end of December, the month with the highest concentration of funding, resources gathered in 2011 reached an approximate R$ 218 million, which means a 21% growth in comparison to 2010. For 2012, the projection based on the annual growth curve is to raise more than R$ 250 million, which will increase the number of the 800.000 Brazilians directly benefited by the Sports Incentive Law, most of whom are socially vulnerable, and stand out increas-ingly as athletes and citizens.

Prevention of violence in stadiums

Brazil has also prepared itself to receive the mega sport-ing event by legalizing the rights of fans. The implementation of national policy for preventing violence in soccer-related sporting events aims to provide comfort and security for the fans.

Estatuto do Torcedor (Law governing the conduct and rights of fans)

The Estatuto do Torcedor is a set of rules that establish the basis for government, public security, club managers, official fan clubs and Justice, so as to ensure that fans will be at ease in the stadiums. The law is strict in punishing acts of fan violence. All official fan clubs will have their members registered on a national record connected to the National Network of Public Secu-rity Information, Justice and Surveillance, at the Ministry of Justice.



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In this register, the Federal Government will fund the installation of a standardized system of security cameras, LCD screens and moni-tors, electronic turnstiles and ticket control, monitoring information in all of the country’s stadiums with capacity for 10.000 or more persons.

Safety and Comfort in Stadiums

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To encourage the safe return of fans to stadiums. This is the objective of this initiative: a series of legal, political and administrative actions by the Brazilian Government so as to ensure the safety and welfare of the football audience in the stands and around the stadiums. Since 2009, this proposal is the result of an intense debate led by the Ministry of Sport with the participation of the Brazilian Football Con-federation (CBF), the Ministry of Justice and the National Council of General Attorneys for the Public Ministry of States and Union. In 2011, the National Secretariat for Football and Fan Rights was created. The Ministry of Sport has established terms of conduct with the states of Paraná, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Goias and the Official soccer fan-clubs. The following activities are planned for 2012:• Latin American Seminar on football violence.• Survey of engineering, safety and comfort in football stadiums

(ABNT norms for stadium construction).• Registration of Official Fan Clubs. In 2012, the National Seminar on Official Soccer Fan-clubs took place successfully, with representatives from the main Brazilian fan-clubs attending, where the Declaration was approved (this refer-ence will be complemented by the area Director).



Arena Amazônia – Manaus/AM

Arena das Dunas – Natal/RN Maracanã – Rio de Janeiro/RJ

Brazil wants to become a sporting superpower from 2016 onwards

In 2010, the Third National Conference on Sports adopted the resolution “For A Team Called Brazil: 10 points in 10 years to project Brazil into the top 10”, aiming to put Brazil among the top ten world sporting superpowers starting at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. From then on, government initiatives and sports organizations have been aligned to this idea, keeping in mind that 2016 is the official starting point, not the final deadline, for Bra-zil to reach a new level of organization and, consequently, of results on the international scene. The goal includes competing for the largest amount of medals and reaching the greatest number of Olympic finals, play-ing for the greatest amount of world and continental titles, main-taining a plurality of different sports modalities, providing highly qualified coaches, referees and multidisciplinary teams to ensure professional administration of sports entities, carry-out intensive

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sports groundwork and structuring a network of training centers in line with central policy. A superpower in soccer, Brazil has emerged among the top nations of the Paralympic Games in Beijing in 2008, reaching ninth place in the overall ranking. For London 2012, the goal is to make the top seven – and the top five in the 2016 Paralympic Games. On the other hand, Brazilian Olympic sports must overcome more barriers in order to reach the top ten in 2016. The best position Brazil has achieved so far was the 16th place in the Athens Olympic Games in 2004. Since 2010, the Brazilian government has been working on organizing sports in different modalities, taking into considera-tion its history, peculiarities, entities, structure and national poten-tial. From there, it is possible to visualize a complete picture of the needs and development of sports in the country. This new ap-proach gained momentum when Brazil won the right to host the Olympic and Paralympic Games, which established new challenges for Brazilian sports. In 2009, the Ministry of Sport has defined a set of measures for this new moment in Brazilian sports. Signed into law in 2011, measures comprise the creation of the Sporting City program, the establishment of the National Training Network, creation of Po-dium Athlete program, improving the Athlete Assistance Program and adoption of performance-oriented contracts for entities that apply to receive public funding. The National Training Network will integrate the existing or planned training structures, from the simplest to the most complex, be they public or privately owned. It will consist of various levels and branches in different spheres, with its primary base in Rio de Janeiro, in the Barra da Tijuca and Deodoro neighborhoods, with high standard facilities built for the Pan American Games in 2016 and those to be built for the Rio 2016 Olympics. In concert, they will constitute the future Olympic Training Center (OTC).



The OTC is the most significant sporting project and will be a legacy of the 2016 Rio Games: it will be a center for excellence in Brazilian sports. There, after 2016, 22 Olympic and Paralympic sports will be practiced, combining the preparation of athletes and teams with the development and exchange for multidisciplinary teams, coaches, referees, administrators and other sport profession-als, as well as investing in science and sports management. It is in-tended to be the Brazilian and continental reference in training.

In another part of the network will be the Sporting City Program, with new or existing structures to form the Local and Regional Training Centers, providing space for athlete training in Brazilian cities, focusing on Paralympic and Olympic sports, so as to broaden the base for competitive sports. The goal is to foster the involvement of cities in targeted projects, based on the country’s

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need to strengthen certain sport modalities. The program will be linked with educational, social and sports projects, such as the Sec-ond Half program, from the Ministry of Sport, where talents may arise and may later be developed in the Sporting City Program and, consequently, in the National Training Network. On another level of the National Training Network will be Training Centers for specific modalities, many already in existence and some under construction with federal funding. At the base of the pyramid, the Sports Initiation Project, designed to develop and improve athletes from base categories of high performance sports. The project will be connected to Second Half program centers, the Ministry of Sport, sports education centers in public schools and centers for socially oriented sports development in many munici-palities. The purpose is to establish a chain structure for every level of the athlete’s training and development, so that by the time he or she reaches the top of his sporting modality, the best infrastructure will be available. By the end of 2013, for example, Brazil will have 15 athletic training centers with the structure needed for national and inter-national competitions. A handball center will be built to match the best in the world. Shooting sports and horseback riding inherited high standard centers from the Pan-American games. Badminton has a point of reference in a needy community in Rio de Janeiro. Volleyball already has its infrastructure in Saquarema, which has been a world reference for years. While building this structure, Brazil invests in the prepara-tion of athletes and teams. The main sources of funding are public. Beyond the Athlete Scholarship, which invested R$ 284.4 million since 2005, there is the Agnelo-Piva Law, established in 2001, which allocates 2% of the total income raised by lotteries to Olympic, Par-alympic, school and university sports. Of the total resources, 85% goes to the Brazilian Olympic Committee (COB) and 15% in the Brazilian Paralympic Committee (CPB). Of the 85% accruing to the COB, 10% is allocated to school sports and 5% to college sports.



State enterprises also invest in national sports. Between 2008 and 2012, eight public companies invested R$ 476 million in various modalities, especially Olympic and Paralympic sports. The Sports Incentive Law (LEL), which allows for the deduction of a percent-age of income tax, effective since 2007, is another key source of funding. The projects approved specifically for athletes and teams preparing for the Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2012 and 2016 amount to R$ 67 million, R$ 10 million of which had already been raised in the market in January 2012. There is still the funding the Ministry of Sport offers through agreements with professional sports administration enti-ties, clubs, town halls and other federal entities such as the Armed Forces. Over the past two years, this type of support has passed on more than $ 200 million to high performance sports. The funds are for the construction and modernization of training centers, prepa-ration of base and main teams, athlete training, exchanges, partici-pation in competitions in Brazil and abroad, the purchase of materi-als and equipment, as well as other initiatives.

Source: Caixa http://www1.caixa.gov.br/loterias/repasses_sociais/rep_esportes.asp

Year COB CPBMinistry of Sport

2007 84,67 15,32 219,21

2008 93,82 16,84 241,23

2009 119,85 21,30 307,28

2010 143,55 25,47 369,13

2011 157,65 28,29 410,34

Total 599,54 107,22 1.547,19

Agnelo/Piva Law – Transfers, in millions of Brazilian Real


Saquarema Training Center – Rio de Janeiro/RJ


Brazil stands-out all the more through its major sporting events

Placing Brazil in the route of the major world sporting events was a government strategy to consolidate the country’s pres-ence in the international scene. Now the world’s sixth economy, Bra-zil takes advantage of the fact that it will be hosting the 2014 FIFA World Cup, the 2013 Confederations Cup, and the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games to display its capacity for organization, mod-ernization, strength and competence in several areas such as culture, tourism, environment, telecommunications, technology and other national highlights. The great economic and social transformations that Brazil has undergone in the last decade will be on display during these large-scale sporting events. These sporting events were an apt coincidence to stimulate efforts and investments that were already planned for the improve-ment of the lives of Brazilians in the large cities and surrounding neighborhoods where competitions will be hosted. The public and private investments being made in the cities that are set to host the

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2014 FIFA World Cup and 2016 Olympic Games and in dozens of cities that will serve as headquarters for training and acclimatization of athletes and teams will reflect onto hundreds or even thousands of Brazilian municipalities. And will therefore benefit most of the national territory and population. Brazil has prepared itself for this moment. In 2003 the Federal Government created the Ministry of Sport, a job assigned uniquely to this sector, which already began in the rhythm of preparation for the 2007 Pan American Games, hosted in Rio de Janeiro, a litmus test for the country to show its competence. It passed the test. The largest multisport event in the Americas that had been hosted only once in Brazil, in 1963, in São Paulo, the 2007 Pan took 5623 athletes from 42 countries on the continent to Rio de Janeiro. Following the Pan American Games, the 2007 Parapan American games gathered 1115 athletes from 25 other countries in Rio. All with absolute safety and organization in mod-ern and comfortable facilities that housed thousands of fans from the country and abroad.



Even during the preparations for the Pan American Games, and already anticipating the success it would be, Brazil won the right to be the headquarters of the 5th Military World Games in 2011. Organized by the International Military Sports Council (CISM, its acronym in French) and first carried out in the Americas, the Mili-tary Games took another 6.000 athletes from 111 countries to the city of Rio de Janeiro. In closing the Parapan American Games in 2007, Brazil was announced as host of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. This scenario of ever-more important achievements in the organization of sporting events within the country accredited the nation in the international Olympic movement to win the most difficult dispute: the Olym-pic and Paralympic Games in the summer of 2016, leaving behind competitors like Chicago (United States), Tokyo (Japan) and Madrid (Spain). For the first time a city in South America was chosen to receive the largest multisport event in the world. The nation responsible for creating art-soccer, winner of five World Cups, a country of continental dimensions, with thou-sands of miles of beaches, fast and strong economic development, the friendly, easygoing people and a cosmopolitan culture, Brazil be-came the most recent focus of attention related to sporting events. With 190 million inhabitants, Brazil has the fifth largest population in the world, of which 80% is urban. Like most countries, Brazil faces problems in land concentration. But within the last decade and a half, the areas expropriated to meet the historical demand for land reform, together, form a state the size of Portugal. Another remarkable social transformation between 2003 and 2011 was the rise of 39 million Brazilians to the C class, or the so-called middle class, which now includes half the population – or nearly 100 million people. Of these, 13 million have ascended to middle class with-in the last 30 months. Economic growth on one hand, and reduction of inequality on the other. The State maintains the largest guaranteed minimum income program in the world. The ‘Bolsa Familia’ (Family funding) program, a direct income transfer program that as for 2012

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serves 13.5 million poor families, thanks to monthly investments of R$ 1.6 billion, has been supported by the UN as a model social mechanism, and has already been transferred to other nations. The resources trans-ferred to the poorest of the population move the economy of small towns and the suburbs of large cities. These funds are invested primar-ily in food, school supplies and medicine. It is not possible to attain leadership in areas of extreme global competition or to reach a position of prominence in social policies without a vision for the future and a great deal of organiza-tion and technological and managerial capacity. This is the Brazil that will be shown to the world during the sporting competitions of the upcoming years.

Brazil under construction

In 2007, the Brazilian government launched the Growth Ac-celeration Program (PAC) to ensure heavy investment in the country’s infrastructure with a set of efforts to improve roads, railways, ports



Foundations of Brasilia´s National Stadium – Brasília/DF

Infrastructural Axes

Amount of investments

planned

Implemented by the end of

2010

Construction Type

• Transport logistics• Energy

• Social and Urban Infrastucture

R$ 657,4 Billion

94,1%

Urbanizing favelas (Brazilian slums),

duplication and res-toration of roads and railways, expansion

and improvement of Ports and Airports; plant construction, housing construc-tion, construction

and expansion of the sewerage network, reduction of taxes for items such as building materials (cement, tile, brick

etc), computers and electronic equipment

PAC 1 – 2007 to 2010 Period

and subways, build dams and install sewage collection and treatment plants, among other items. The PAC has become vital to improving the country’s competitiveness, an important pillar for the sustainable growth of the Brazilian economy and, at the same time, for confronting the fragility of the global economic environment. It has increased the internal market, employment, income and consolidated the agenda for economic and social development. Public and private investments have again taken up the planning and scheduling of long-term projects. With the PAC, Brazil once again learned to think to the future. With the program´s success, the PAC has been deployed in versions tailor-made to certain sensitive areas. Many of the con-struction projects are fundamental to the cities that will host match-es in the 2014 FIFA World Cup, and particularly Rio de Janeiro, which will host the Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2016.

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Infrastructural Axes

Total amount of

investments in the period

Value spent until March

2012

Resources for more complex

projects

• Water and Light for all• “Better City” program• Transport• “My House, My Life” program • Energy• “Citizen Community” program

R$ 955 Billion R$ 204,4 Billion

$ 247 Billion (e.g. Belo Monte

Hydroelectric Plant; Midwest

Integration Railroad, and the

Petrochemical Complex of Rio

de Janeiro)

PAC 2 – 2011 to 2014 Period



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Construction Type

Total Resources

Funded Projects

Beneficiaries

Subway, Light Rail Vehicle (LRV) and bus lanes

R$ 32 Billion

Construction of 600 kilometers of exclusive lanes for buses, 380 stations and terminals and 200 miles of subway lines, acquisition of more than a thousand vehi-cles on rails

51 municipalities with populations of over 700.000 inhabitants in 18 states, encompassing more than 53 Million Brazilians

PAC Mobility in Large Cities

Source: Ministry of Planning

A World Cup Uniting the Country

Another government decision for sporting events to bring ben-efits to the whole country was to distribute the games in the FIFA World Cup 2014 in 12 capitals located in all regions of Bra-zil. Brasilia, the nation’s capital, São Paulo, Salvador, Belo Hori-zonte, Cuiabá, Porto Alegre, Recife, Fortaleza, Curitiba, Natal, Manaus and Rio de Janeiro, which will also host the Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2016. Twelve cities that represent the geographical, sporting, cultural, tourist and economic diversity of the country and which are preparing the best infrastructure to receive fans that will be visiting either to accompany their teams or just for an up-close opportunity to get to know the riches that Brazil produces.

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AreaNumber of

Construction Sites**Investment(R$)

Urben Mobility 51 12 Billion

Stadiums 12 6,8 Billion

Airports 31 works in 13 Airports 7,4 Billion

Ports 7 900 Million

Total 101 27,1 Billion

Infrastructure for the 2014 FIFA World Cup*

* Defined in the Responsibility Matrix

** In effect or planned, May 2012



Brasília´s National Stadium – Brasília/DF

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The construction projects geared towards improving urban mobility include the installation of medium and high capacity speed and urban public transport systems, such as Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) a model developed by Brazil, with articulated vehicles that travel in exclusive lanes. Curitiba, capital of Paraná state and one of the host-ing cities of the 2014 World Cup, pioneered the deployment of the system in the world, in the late 1970s. The model, which has since spread to many countries, is being adopted by some of the World Cup hosting cities. In others, the VLT (light rail) is in construction, a kind of surface subway. There is also the monorail train, set on tires to run on a single high rail. The mobility effort also includes opening, widening or extending highways and the construction of terminals and stations. Out of the total investments, only the constructions in ports and airports are part of the new PAC developments for the 2014 World Cup. The others rely on other forms of financing, mostly federal funding of financing.

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There are also infrastructure projects and support services – such as security, telecommunications, information technology, energy, tourism infrastructure, health and the promotion of the country – which will soon be incorporated into the Responsibility Matrix – to be signed by the federal government, state governments and local governments of the hosting cities. They will be developed to meet the needs not only of the World Cup, but of the growth of Brazil. The organization of the Cup has different decision-mak-ing and monitoring bodies. There are managerial committees under the Federal Government, coordinated by the Ministry of Sport, and working groups that integrate all federative spheres (federal, state and municipal) in charge of the preparations with the Local Organizing Committee and the service providers. In addition, FIFA has its own groups at work. The spirit is of har-mony and dedication in overcoming the challenges and offering viewers a Cup with characteristics of a Brazil that grows, chang-es, modernizes and reinvents itself.



Arena Pantanal – Cuiabá/MT Itaquera Arena – São Paulo/SP

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Congress has given valuable assistance to the organization of the event by approving, on May 9th, 2012, the General Law for the World Cup, a set of rules that establish the country’s commitment to topics such as the protection of industrial property rights, image rights, exclusive stock trading to FIFA in Brazil, visas for members of the entity’s delegation, representatives of the press and spectators who have tickets or confirmation of the purchase of game tickets, public safety, health, sanitation, customs and immigration, among other services guaranteed by the government . The law also establish-es a quota of 1% of income for people with disabilities and a special category of popular tickets to be sold at half price to senior citizens, students and recipients of federal government income transfer pro-grams such as the Bolsa Família (e.g. the Family Funding Program.) It also guarantees the right of people over age 60 to purchase tickets for all the other three categories at half-price. To ensure that the labor market has well-trained professionals to meet the needs of tourists and the Brazilian population during and after sporting events, the federal government created the Sector Qual-ification Plan (Planseq) for the World Cup, which will prepare 150,000 workers by 2014 for vacancies arising in sectors such as tourism and transportation. The World Cup Planseq is aimed at the 12 hosting cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Another professional qualifica-tion program, the World Cup Pronatec, the result of a partnership between the Ministry of Tourism with the Ministry of Education, is designed to train professionals in 32 areas related to incoming tour-ism. The vacancies are for the twelve hosting cities of the 2014 World Cup, the surrounding municipalities and destinations of international visibility. The goal is to train 240.000 students by 2014. The govern-ment’s objective is that the program will change the tourism produc-tion chain in Brazil for the better. In terms of economic and social impact, it is estimated that for the 2010 to 2019 period, with increased demand for goods and services, growth in the tourism sector and the increase in infrastruc-ture, the hosting of the Cup will cause a direct impact of R$ 47.5

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billion in the national economy, or 0.4% of GDP. The reflections in indirect investments, which includes stimulus to any economic ac-tivity, will total R$ 135.7 billion. Beyond the expectation of moving R$ 183.2 billion in the Brazilian economy, the hosting of the World Cup may generate more than 600.000 jobs. Of this total, 300.000 jobs have already been created.

Rio 2016: Brazil joins the select Olympic club

Brazil entered the race for the 2016 Olympics and Paralym-pics to win. Anchored on experience with the organization of the Pan-American and Parapan-American Games 2007, on the support of three levels of government, the proper positioning of Brazil in the global economic and political map, the governments teamwork the Brazil-ian Olympic Committee (COB), on an efficient technical project and in a “excellent legacy plan,” as the International Olympic Committee (IOC) emphasized, Rio de Janeiro, faced the challenge of convincing



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the Olympic movement that, for first time, a South American city met all requirements to host the largest multi-sport event in the world. Rio has built an Olympic project in sync with public policies that will create lasting legacies for the city and for Brazil, in synergy with the Growth Acceleration Program (PAC), with the city planning and the efforts for the 2014 World Cup, optimizing resources and maximizing profits in the long run. The country was careful to estab-lish an application that fits into the Rio strategy and strengthens the goals for Olympic sports in Brazil. The benefits will be materialized in different areas: Sports, Urban Regeneration and the Environment, Transportation, Safety, Social Inclusion, Youth and Education. One of the most important legacies provided for in the appli-cation package is the provision of athletic-educational program called “Second Half ”, by the Ministry of Sport, for all public school students in the city of Rio, reaching 1 million beneficiaries by 2016. Parallel to preparations for the World Cup and the Olympics, is an ongoing plan for environmental recovery, urban renewal, modernization of infra-structure, combating crime and addressing the issues of mobility. Rio de Janeiro has as its strengths a natural beauty and a voca-tion for leisure, sports, tourism and entertainment. The revitalization of the harbor area of the city, the greatest legacy project of urban Rio in 2016, with an investment of more than R$ 8 billion, is in full swing. The first stage of the Wonder Port will be ready in July 2012. That re-gion, along with the central area, will again be an important tourist and commercial hub of the city and has attracted the hotel industry, which has begun to build new hotels for various profiles. There will also be an important facility built for the Games, the Arbitrators Villa. During a period of five to six years, Rio de Janeiro will re-ceive investments in public transport that would normally take 30 years to make. With Investments that will exceed R$ 10 billion, Rio will receive 200 km of public transportation lines. The hosting of the sporting events has accelerated investments. Rio will gain four express bus lanes (BRT) by 2016, which will interconnect the sec-tors where the Olympic competitions will take place wit the suburbs

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and also with the Brazil Avenue, the main route for metropolitan traffic linking the capital to the Fluminense suburbs. The BRT TransOeste is in trial operation in the main stretch. In total, the route will have 53 stations in a 56 kilometers range, linking Barra da Tijuca, the heart of the Olympic Games, the neighborhoods of Campo Grande, Guaratiba and Santa Cruz, in the extreme west of the city. Another corridor, BRT TransCarioca, which will connect the Barra da Tijuca, in the West Side of Rio de Janeiro, to Penha and the Galeão International Airport, will have 45 stations in 39 kilom-eters. Meanwhile TransOlympic via, considered the greatest construc-tion project in the city over the past 30 years, will have 18 stations in 26 kilometers extensions, linking the Barra da Tijuca to the Deodoro neighborhood, one of the main centers of the 2016 games. Unlike TransOeste and TransCarioca, this corridor also serves as a highway for cars. Finally, BRT TransBrasil will traverse the Brazil Avenue link-ing Deodoro to the Santos Dumont Airport and going to the Via Du-tra and Washington Luiz Highway, will be 31 kilometers long, joining with the TransCarioca and the TransOlympic BRTs. The TransBrazil line will be an added legacy to the city, since it was not in the original plan for the Olympic bid. All BRT buses use sustainable fuel. Rio will also gain a Light Rail Vehicle (LRT) line that will be the backbone of the new tourist hub in the city center. At first, the vehicle will go through the new Port Area, the Santos Dumont Airport, Cinelândia, the Praça Quinze and the Marina da Glória. The subway also entered the design legacy of Rio 2016. The new Line 4 under construction will connect the Barra da Tijuca to the south of the city, passing through the districts of São Conrado, Gávea, Leb-lon and Ipanema, and will be connected to the BRT system through the Transoeste route. This line was not foreseen in the initial commitments to the IOC, but the state government considered it important to build it for the local inhabitants. And the Rio Metro acquired 19 new trains from China, an increase of 63% in the subway fleet, which begin circulating in August 2012 and will be fully operational in March 2013.



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The application followed the government’s strategy of at-tracting major sporting events to Brazil that would put the country into an unprecedented sequence of achievements, beginning with the Pan American Games, in 2007, on through the Military World Games of 2011, the Confederations Cup in 2013, the FIFA World Cup in 2014, up to the Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2016. The project distributes the competitions into four centers in the city of Rio (Barra da Tijuca, Deodoro, Maracanã and Copaca-bana), which means that in all these neighborhoods there will be urban interventions and sporting infrastructures that will remain as improvements. With the completion of the Pan American Games in 2007, 56% of the facilities required for the Olympic Games already exist, because they were built or improved on at the time. Another 32% will be built and 12% have temporary set-ups. Two-thirds of the Olympic projects correspond to constructions that were in execution or investments already planned before Brazil earned the right to host the 2016 Games, a large amount of which came from the Federal Governments PAC program.

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Congress was crucial in ensuring that the Games would take place in Brazil, by approving the bill that created the Olympic Act, converted into Law No. 2035 of October 1, 2009, ratifying the many guarantees that the federal government, and the state and city of Rio de Janeiro gave the International Olympic Com-mittee during the bid. Good governance of the Games will be ensured by a Re-sponsibility Matrix to be formalized between the parties, as it has been with the efforts for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Three levels of government will participate in the organization, with many subdivi-sions responsible for different sectors, the Olympic Public Author-ity, tasked with coordinating government work, the Rio 2016 organ-izing committee and sports and business entities, providing support in their respective areas. The public and private investments and those of the Organ-izing Committee in the Games will result in multiplying ample and diversified effects on the nation’s economy and will reflect positively on a variety of economic sectors during the coming years. It is a long-term impact. The jobs created will reach 120 thousand annu-ally during the preparation and hosting of the event, and 130.000 per year thereafter. The economy will move R$ 102.2 billion. For every dollar invested in the Games the private sector will inject U.S. $ 3.26 into the supply chains associated with the event. Rio 2016 will provide marvelous weeks of sports, and many years of social change and development in sports, econo-my, culture and tourism, making a difference for many genera-tions of Cariocas and Brazilians.

What does 2016 have to do with the Rio 2007 and Rio 2011 games?

The successful hosting of the Pan American Games in 2007 was the first major test and one of the drivers in a positive cycle



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that Brazil is undergoing in terms of sporting events. It provided a sports infrastructure that Brazil had not built or remodeled for decades, guaranteed credibility to the country for new ventures, and prepared a successful model of governance that strengthened the policy of attracting continuous and strategic mega sporting events recognized by the International Olympic Committee during the dis-pute for the 2016 Games. The sports facilities are the most visible legacies, and all will be used in the 2016 Games. The economic drive was another important item. The public safety project adopted for Pan games, with its centralized and coordinated action of all federal, state and munici-pal forces, was another important legacy. Although Rio de Janeiro had, abroad and within Brazil itself, a reputation as a violent city, even portrayed as such in Brazilian film, the application dossier for the Pan American games did not include a project to face this problem. The Ministry of Justice took over the safety of the Pan American Games and developed a proposal that became a large project for public security in Rio de Janeiro, so successful that it became the embryo of the future Pronasci, the National Public Security and Citizenship Program, combining law enforcement and crime prevention measures with far-reaching social inclusion in communities vulnerable to violence. Released shortly after the end of the Pan, in August 2007, the plan was materialized in Rio by the current Police Pacification Units (UPP). This model of public safety was one of the strengths that the IOC mentioned during the evaluation of the Olympic bid, and is the basis of the security plan for the next big event that Rio de Janeiro will host. The commitment to leave a mark of social transformation in Rio gained strength during the preparations for the Pan American Games, which recorded the experience to formulate a concept of social legacy combined with major sporting events. At the time, the Ministry of Sport commissioned a broad diagnosis on the reality of 53 favelas of Rio from the Observatório de Favelas (Favela Moni-

toring program), which identified the demand for programs related to sports, culture, leisure and recreation associated with education and citizenship.



Mineirão – Belo Horizonte/MG

The main objective was that the Games were the start-ing point for the adoption of social actions in a broad spectrum of different institutions and with different objectives, aimed at improving the living conditions of the population belonging to Rio’s poor communities, particularly those surrounding sports facilities. This initiative, vital to forming closer ties between the Rio citizens and the Pan games, was incorporated into the Rio 2016 when the municipal government created the Carioca Dwell-

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ing, a municipal plan for the integration of informal settlements in precarious conditions. The plan is part of the legacy for the Olympic Games and aims to promote urban and social integration of all Rio’s slums by the year 2020. With investments of R$ 8 billion, including R$ 2 billion by the end of 2012, and in tune with the program My House, My Life, Carioca Dwelling is a set of measures to urbanize favelas, deploying water supply, sewage, storm drainage and street lighting networks, paving streets and sidewalks, building schools, kindergartens, hospitals, sports and cultural centers, bring public transportation, ensuring security to the population, while respecting the culture and history of its inhabitants in all new social, educational, cultural and sports associated projects. In Rio de Janeiro, the government and sporting bodies have been working with the idea of connecting legacies, which will have improved from one event to another and have con-nections with each other. As an example, in the neighborhood of Deodoro, in the western side of the city, the federal gov-ernment made long-term planning for the creation of facili-ties that have been built in the region since the Pan American Games in 2007, when the Ministry of Sport built the Deo-doro Sports Complex, including facilities for shooting sports, equestrianism, field hockey and modern pentathlon – and later judo. These complexes have hosted several competitions of the 2011 World Military Games, an event for which the Ministry of Defence built the Green Villa in Deodoro, one of three con-dominiums erected for the accommodation of the delegations of the 111 participating countries and will be a legacy left by the military games for the housing of delegations in the 2016 Olympics. Also designed for military competitions, next to the Villa the federal government built a multisport gymnasium that can be used as a training site in 2016.



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Brasil created the Brazilian Anti-Doping Agency

One of the commitments Brazil assumed during Rio de Janeiro’s application to host the Olympic Games and the Paralympic Games in 2016 was the creation of the Brazilian Anti-Doping Agency (ABCD). This commitment was fulfilled by the Presidency of the Republic on No-vember 30th, 2011. The authority is bound to the Ministry of Sport and, following a recommendation given by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), it maintains autonomy in relation to sports entities. WADA also recommends that countries have specific agencies for doping control. ABCD aims at “equality, justice and the health of athletes, being responsible for implementing the anti-doping national policy, in accordance with the rules and relevant international conventions on the subject matter”. Brazil was the first country to sign the World Anti-Dop-ing Code, created at the World Conference on Doping in Sport in March, 2003, in Copenhagen (Denmark), where the Copenhagen Declaration was approved. The International Convention against Doping in Sport, presented during the 33rd General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organi-zation (UNESCO), in 2005, was ratified by the Brazilian National Congress in October, 2007. The Country also has a laboratory accredited by the Global Agency for anti-doping tests. Ladetec is one of the 34 laboratories accredited by WADA in the world and is linked to the Chemistry Institute of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. It is in charge of performing anti-doping tests for the FIFA World Cup 2014, and the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Brazil is committed to doping control to ensure the fairness of sports disputes, so that sports are free of doping.

Great Numbers of Brazil Today

IV

Federative Republic of Brazil is multi-party political system. Brazil holds democratic elections for president, senators, rep-resentatives, state governors and legislators, mayors and mu-

nicipal counsels. Brazil is the world leader in electronic online voting (100 million voters).

The largest Latin American country, occupying an area of 3,286,470 sq. miles (8,511,965 sq. km) and covering nearly half of the South American landmass. It is the fifth largest country in the world after the Russian Federation, Canada, China and the United States.


Great numbers of Brazil today

Population: 196 million 6th largest economy in the world

Per capita GDP: US$ 10,960 (Source: Central Bank of Brazil and IBGE - 2010)

GDP: US$ 2 trillionGPD growth in 2010: 7,5%Unemployment rate: 5,7%Inflation (2010): 5,9%Exports (2010): US$ 201,9 billionImports (2010): US4 181,6 billionLand frontier: 15.719 km

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The Atlantic Ocean extends along the entire eastern side of the country, which has 4,578 miles (7,367 km) of coastline.


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CITIESCapital: Brasília, Federal District (officially inaugurated in 1960, Brasilia is located near the geographical center of the Country. (GMT – 3 hours).Most populated metropolitan regions: São Paulo (19.9 mil-lion), Rio de Janeiro (11.9 million), Belo Horizonte (5.4 million), Porto Alegre (4.1 million), Salvador (3.9 million), Recife (3.8 million), Fortaleza (3.6 million), Brasília (3.5 million), Curitiba (3.2 million) and Campinas (2.6million).

• More than 80% of Brazilians live in urban areas. São Paulo is the biggest and most populous city in South America. With a popula-tion of 11 million, and with the adjacent metropolitan area making it around 18 million, the São Paulo metropolitan area is the fifth most populous urban agglomeration in the world, after Tokyo, New York, Mexico City and Mumbai.


5 REGIONS, 26 AND THE FEDERAL DISTRICT

São Paulo/SP


• The annual carnival in Salvador, capital of the state of Bahia, is the world’s biggest street party, attracting around 2 million people (in-cluding an average of 800,000 Brazilian and foreign tourists). The music is provided by mobile sound systems (trios elétricos) and over a hundred parade groups (blocos).

• The city of Rio de Janeiro throws a New Year’s Eve party that is probably the biggest – and arguably the most spectac-ular – in the world. Around two million people, all of them dressed at least partly in white (a popular tradition adopted from Afro-Brazilian religion), congregate on the huge cres-cent-shaped expanse of Copacabana beach to watch a mid-night firework display.



Urban/Rural: 81% urban, 19% ruralGender Distribution: 48.8% male, 51.2% femaleAge Breakdown: 27.6% under 15/ 27.9% 15 to 29/ 21.1% 30 to 44/ 13.3% 45 to 59/ 7.4% 60 to 74/ 2.7% 75 and overLife expectancy: 73.7 years (overall population); 70 years (men) and 77.5 years (women) Source: IBGE – 2011 – estimate With more than 190 million people, Brazil is the world’s 5th most populous country after China, India, the United States and In-donesia. The population is growing by approximately 1% per year, a lower rate than in most other developing countries. The three basic racial matrixes of the Brazilian people are the native indigenous population, Europeans, starting with the Portu-guese, and Africans. Between the 19th and 20th centuries, Brazil welcomed millions of immigrants from Europe: Italians, Portuguese and Spaniards, as well as a reasonable contingent of Germans and Japanese. As a result of this variety, studies show that most of the Brazilian population is

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genetically mixed, and even some of the population that is officially considered to be white has some African and Native Brazilian genetic lineage, as well as the European element. That is why Brazil is the country of racial, cultural, religious and social tolerance. Various ethnic groups coexist in the Brazilian territory without hostility, an environment for exchange and respect for differences, contributing to the beauty and diversity of the Bra-zilian people. Brazil has the world’s second biggest black population after Nigeria, the largest number of people of Japanese ancestry outside Japan, and more people of Lebanese or Syrian extraction than the combined populations of Lebanon and Syria. The African origin is part of the Brazilian DNA, and is visible in all parts of Brazilian culture: from Afro-Brazilian religions such as Candomblé and Umbanda, to influences in music and dance, origi-nating samba, chorinho, axé, Brazilian soul and funk, an the Afro-Brazilian martial art, Capoeira.


POPULATION


Brazil has an indigenous population of around 750.000, comprising more than 220 groups who speak more than 180 different languages. According to the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI), a governmental agency protecting the indigenous population´s interests and culture, the indigenous population has been grow-ing at a rate of more than 3.5% per year and is now four times greater than in 1950.

Source: http://www.brasil.gov.br/sobre/geography/population


Brazil has a vast territorial area of 8.5 million km2, com-prising many different conditions of altitude, pressure, wind and proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. Due to this vast territorial area, the country has three types of climate: tropical, equatorial and temper-ate. About 92% of the Brazilian territory is located between the equator and the tropic of Capricorn, and has an average annual tem-perature above 20°C.

Tropical Climate The predominant climate in Brazil is tropical. It has average temperatures above 20°C and a high rainfall index in the northeast, southeast and midwest. It alternates between humid in summer and spring, and dry in winter and fall.

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Equatorial The equatorial climate covers a substantial part of the Bra-zilian territory, especially the Amazon forest. These areas average high temperatures between 15 to 27°C, raining almost every day.

Temperate The temperate climate is predominant in the south, being the coldest in the country. Temperatures, usually around 18°C, can drop below zero during winter. It rains irregularly year-round and, even if rare, snow does fall in some mountainous regions.

Source: http://www.brasil.gov.br/sobre/geography/climate/regional-diversity-3

BRAzILIAN BIOMES


CLIMATE


A biome is a set of vegetation types that covers large contigu-ous areas on a regional scale, with similar flora and fauna, as defined by the physical conditions prevailing in those regions. These climatic, geographical and lithological (pertaining to rocks) aspects result in biomes endowed with a natural, peculiar biological diversity. There are six main biomes in Brazil: Amazon, Atlantic For-est, Caatinga, Pampa and Pantanal.

AmazonApproximate size: 4,196,943 km2. Amazon is the largest biodiversity reserve in the world and the largest biome in Brazil, occupying almost half (49.29%) of the country. This biome completely covers five states (Acre, Amapá, Am-azonas, Pará and Roraima), almost all of Rondônia (98.8%) and large parts of Mato Grosso (54%), Maranhão (34%) and Tocantins (9%). It is dominated by a hot and humid climate (average temperature 25°C) and forests. It has well-distributed rainfall during the year and rivers with permanent heavy flow. The Brazilian Amazon is marked by the Amazon basin, which drains 20% of the volume of freshwater in the world. Brazil holds 60% of the basin, which occupies 40% of South America and 5% of the Earth’s surface, with an area of approximately 6.5 million square kilometers. The interaction of various geographical and climatic conditions that prevail in the Amazon results in a vast variety and wealth in terms of fauna and flora. It is estimated that this biome is home to more than half of all living species in Brazil. Characteristic vegetation is the tropical rain forest. In the plains accompanying the Amazon River and its tributaries are the lowland forests (periodically flooded) and the igapó forests (perma-nently flooded). Aspects of the savanna, the campinarana, pioneering formations and ecological sanctuaries are also present in this biome.

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Cerrado (Savanna)Approximate size: 2,036,448 km2. Cerrado is the second largest biome in South America and covers 22% of the Brazilian territory. It completely covers the Fed-eral District and most of Goiás (97%), Tocantins (91%), Maranhão (65%), Mato Grosso do Sul (61%), Minas Gerais (57%) and smaller areas of six other states. The Cerrado holds the source of three ma-jor basins in South America (Amazon/Tocantins, São Francisco and Prata), which results in high water potential and rich biodiversity. This biome is home to more than 6,500 catalogued plant species, accounting for one third of the country´s plant and animal species. In the Cerrado there is a predominance of savanna forma-tions and a hot sub-humid tropical climate, a dry season and a rainy season, with an average annual temperature between 22°C and 27°C. In the highlands, with extensive plains, are gallery forests, known as riverside and riparian forests, along the watercourse and evergreen foliage all year round; the lowlands, in wet valleys, consist of groups of buriti palms on a layer of grass.

Atlantic ForestApproximate size: 1,110,182 km2. The Atlantic Forest is an environmental complex that in-cludes mountain ranges, valleys, plateaus and level lands through-out the east Atlantic continental range of Brazil, and continues on over the Meridiano Plateau to the state of Rio Grande do Sul. It completely covers the states of Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina, 98% of Paraná, and parts of over 11 other states.


This biome is a large combination of extra-Amazonian for-est. Its main type of vegetation is tropical rain forest, usually con-sisting of tall trees and related to a hot and humid climate. The Atlantic has been one of the richest and most varied groups of rain forest in South America, but is now recognized as the most unchar-acteristic biome, due to the early episodes of colonization and the development cycles of the country. Today, more than 70% of the population and the country´s major cities are located in these areas. International researchers have found a record-breaking 458 tree species in a single hectare of the Atlantic forest (usually, in the U.S., a hectare only contains 10 species).

Caatinga (Dryland)Approximate size: 844,453 km2. Also known as “Sertão,” the Caatinga (indigenous name), meaning “clear and open forest”, is uniquely Brazilian and occupies about 11% of the country. It is the main biome of the northeastern region, occupying the whole of Ceará, and parts of Rio Grande do Norte (95%), Paraíba (92%), Pernambuco (83%), Piauí (63%), Ba-hia (54% ), Sergipe (49%), Alagoas (48%) and Maranhão (1%). The Caatinga also covers 2% of Minas Gerais. Drought, heat and a light characteristic of tropical areas re-sult in a steppe-like, thorny and deciduous (when the leaves fall at a given time) savanna vegetation. There are also mountain ranges, swamps and pockets with warmer climates. This biome is subject to two dry seasons per year: a long pe-riod of drought, followed by intermittent rain and a short drought followed by torrential rains (with intervals that can last years). These two seasons highlight the contrasts of the Caatinga: the biome is at times barren, gray and thorny; at other times it is greener, covered by a significant amount of small leaves.

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PampaApproximate size: 176,496 km2. The Pampa biome is present only in Rio Grande do Sul, occupying 63% of the territory of the state. It comprises the South American pampas, stretching through Uruguay and Argentina, and is internationally classified as steppe. The Pampa is marked by rainy weather, without a dry season, and with regular polar fronts with freezing temperatures in winter. The vegetation consists of pampa grass and shrubs, cov-ering a slightly undulating leveled relief. Forests are not common in this biome and where they occur, consist of tropical rain forest (tall trees) and deciduous forest (trees that shed their leaves during the dry season).

Pantanal (Wetlands)Approximate size: 150,355 km2. Pantanal biome covers 25% of Mato Grosso do Sul and 7% of Mato Grosso, and its limits coincide with those of the plain of the Pantanal – also known as Pantanal. The Pantanal is a biome all but unique to Brazil, as only a small part of it enters other countries (Paraguay and Bolivia). It is characterized by long-term flooding of the Paraguay Basin rivers (due to the low permeability of the soil) that occurs an-nually in the plain, and causes changes in the environment, wildlife and the daily life of locals. The predominant vegetation is savanna, but there are formations of savanna steppe and small areas of semi-deciduous and deciduous forests. Almost all of the Brazilian fauna is represented in the Brazilian Pantanal. During the flood, some species such as birds and mammals move to the nearby high ground. The original vegetation of areas sur-rounding Pantanal has been largely replaced by crops and pastures, a process that has repercussions for the plain of the Pantanal. It is the world´s largest wetland, recognized by the UNESCO as a “World Biosphere Reserve” and as a “World Natural Heritage Site”.


Source: http://www.brasil.gov.br/sobre/geography/biome-and-vegetation/brazilian-biomes-1/br_model1?set_language=en


The Brazilian energy matrix is recognized as the cleanest and most renewable in the world. Over 86% of the electricity gener-ated comes from renewable energy, hydropower supplying 81% of electricity in the country. Against a backdrop of rising concerns about climate change and declining oil reserves, Brazil has become a pioneer in the pro-duction of ethanol, being the world´s leading exporter. Produced in the country since 1974 from sugarcane, ethanol generates 90% less emission of greenhouse gases than gasoline. Brazil is the sixth largest car manufacturer in the world, and more than three-quarters of the automobiles sold here have flex-fuel engines, capable of running on gasoline, ethanol, or a mixture of the two. Since 2003, car companies working in Brazil produce nearly 100 different models of flex-fuel cars, making it the largest fleet of such cars ever. Home to modern petrochemical complexes in Bahia, Rio Grande do Sul and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil is at the forefront of techno-logical production and exploitation of oil and natural gas in deep wa-ters: 2008 was marked by the discovery of large reserves in sedimentary basins, about 6,000 feet below sea surface. Known as the “pre-salt”, the area provides investment opportunities for oil companies interested in one of the largest deposits of light oil and gas in the world. This mul-tiplies Brazilian reserves by three. Led by Petrobras, the biggest energy company in Brazil, and also the world´s largest deep sea operator, R&D has helped put the nation among the 6 major oil producers worldwide.


ENERGY


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Civil Construction in 2010Sinapi (National Index of Civil Construc-tion), closed with a rise of 7.36% com-pared to the previous year.

Source: IBGE

Annual Final Domestic ConsumptionCI (Import Coefficient) of Brazilian in-dustry in 2010 was 21.8%, the highest level since 2003, representing total im-ports in relation to national industry’s consumption. Brazilian industry’s CE (Export Coeffi-cient), which corresponds to total exports regarding national production, reached 18.9% last year.

Source: Federação das Indústrias do Estado de São Paulo (Fiesp) –

Federation of the Industries of the State of São Paulo.

Employment in 20102.52 million formal jobs, a new record.

Source: Caged – Cadastro Geral de Empregados e Desempregados

General Roll of Employment and Unemployment.


ECONOMY & BUSINESS

Consistent and sustainable growthThe development model in Brazil is one of investment in public policies: increasing pro-ductive efficiency, diminishing external vul-nerability and stimulating the investment rate and savings as a fraction of GDP. By the end of 2010, the result was a consistent and sta-ble economy. Adopted measures allowed for constant, sustainable growth generating for-mal employment, allowing a better income distribution and the capacity to absorb exter-nal and internal shocks.

Brazilian industrial production has grown 10.5% between 2010 and 2009

GDP in 2010R$ 937.2 billion in the third quarter of 2010.

Industrial GDP in 2010R$ 206 billion in the second quarter of 2010.

Retail Sales in 201010.9% growth.

Industrial Production in 201010.5% growth in comparison to 2009

Source: IBGE


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Dollar in 2010R$ 1.66 with a devaluation of 4.42% Source: Banco Central do Brasil.

Minimum wage in 2010R$ 510.00Source: http://www.brasil.gov.br/sobre/brazil/brazil-in-numbers/economy-business

Labor, Employment and Income

Increase in job creation Brazil achieved a new record in formal jobs creation in 2010. 2.52 million formal jobs were recorded in that year, topping the 2007 record of 1.617 million jobs created.Creation of jobs per sector in 2010Services: 1,008,587 Commerce: 601,846Manufacturing Industry: 536,073Civil Construction: 329,195 Public Utility Indus-trial Services: 20,722Mining: 17,875Public Administration: 12,960Agribusiness: 2,580 positionsSource: http://www.brasil.gov.br/sobre/brazil/brazil-in-numbers/labor-employment-and-income

Economically activePopulation: 101.1 million (Source: IBGE - PNAD - 2009)

Currency: Real (symbol: R$)


Industrial Employment in 20103.4% growth in comparison to 2009.

ExportsUS$ 197.999 billion. Source: Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade.

ImportsUS$ 179.139 billion. Source: Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade.

Interest Trade (Selic) in 201010.75% per year. Source: Banco Central do Brasil.

Official Inflation (IPCA - Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo – National Price to the Consumer Index) in 20105.91% Source: IBGE

IGP-M (Índice Geral de Preços do Mercado – General Market Prices Index) in 201011.32% Source: FGV

International Reserve in 2010US$ 288.6 billion.Source: Banco Central do Brasil.

Balance of Trade in 2010Surplus of US$ 20.3 billion. Source: Banco Central do Brasil.


Agribusiness accounts for 26% of the Gross Domestic Prod-uct (GDP), and 37.9% of exports. 65% of the food production is con-sumed domestically and the rest is exported to more than 211 markets, rising from US$ 30.6 billion in 2003 to US$ 76.4 billion in 2010. Brazil is the world’s larg-est exporter of sugar, coffee, or-ange juice, soy beans, beef and chicken. In terms of agriculture the Financial Times describes the country as “a powerhouse whose size and efficiency few competi-tors can match”. With the assistance of the Brazilian agricultural Research Cor-poration (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária – Embrapa), linked to the Ministry of Agricul-ture, livestock and Supply, Brazil-ian agriculture has become one of the most competitive in the world. Embrapa also transfers production technology to Latin America, Africa and the Caribbean, having offices in Ghana and Panama, and being pre-sent through cooperation programs in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, El Salvador, Haiti, Mali, Mo-zambique and Senegal.



One of the main reasons for Brazil´s recent success is a policy of social inclusion. Millions of Brazilians left extreme pov-erty thanks to government wealth redistribution programs. 30 mil-lion Brazilians entered middle-class, helping to drive consumption and growth. Some of the main factors of this victory include increased fam-ily income, employment generation, restoration of purchasing power of the minimum wage, greater access to credit and an already men-tioned set of public policies of income transfer and citizenship value. One of these programs, the Bolsa Família (Family Grant), is considered the largest cash transfer program in the world. The UN has rated it as one of the most effective poverty-eradication programs. Continuing with this policy, the government launched in 2011 a poverty alleviation plan named “Brasil sem Miséria” a plan to lift 16.2 million Brazilians out of extreme poverty by concentrat-ing efforts on cash transfer iniciatives, incrased access to eduction, health, welfare, sanitation, electricity and public inclusion.

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Brazil has a consolidated democracy, based on sound institu-tions, with a stable political environment that guarantees individual rights. With more than five centuries of history, the country com-bines a high degree of institutional, political and economic maturity with an immense potential for growth and investment. Over the past 20 years, since the promulgation of the Con-stitution of 1988, democratic stability has prevailed: the country has gone through six regular presidential elections. In 2010, the country elected a woman president, Her Excellency Mrs. Dilma Rousseff, for the first time in its history. Government accounts are in good order, inflation is under control, public debt has been substantially reduced and credit to consumers and businesses have increased sig-nificantly. There has been a virtuous cycle in the last decade, with an improvement in income distribution and a reduction in social exclu-sion and poverty that boosted economic competitiveness as well as employment, income and wealth generation. Since 2007 Brazil has gone from debtor to nominal creditor in the international market.



Brazil is governed by a presidential system with three indenpendent powers: Executive, Legislative and Judiciary.

It is a federal republic com-posed of 26 states and one federal district where Brasília, the country´s capital, is located. Each state has its own government, with a structure mirroring the federal level, enjoy-ing all the powers defined by its own Constitution. The executive head of the state is the Governor, elected by direct popular vote under the Fed-eral Constitution, who runs the state along with a State Assembly, provid-ing the State Legislature. The state judiciary follows the federal pattern and has its jurisdiction defined so as to avoid any conflict or super-impo-sition with the federal courts. There are also over 5,500 municipalities, which are governed by mayors and have Municipal Councils autonomous in local af-fairs. The Municipal Councils op-erate under the provisions of the Basic Law of Municipalities.



Elections Elections in Brazil are conducted under a system of univer-sal suffrage and secret ballot. Electoral enrolment and voting are mandatory for all literate citizens between the ages of 18 and 70, and voluntary for the illiterate, those aged 16-17 and over 70. Any person wishing to run for public office in Brazil must belong to a political party. Parties have to be formally registered with the Superior Electoral Court. They are guaranteed the freedom to define their own internal structure, organization and operation, including rules regarding party loyalty and discipline. Votes are registered electronically, even in the most remote parts of the country, thereby reducing potential for fraud and de-creasing the time taken for results to be declared.

Executive Executive power is exercised by the President of the Repub-lic, who appoints Ministers of State, helping to govern the country. The President and Vice-President are elected for four-year terms.

Legislative Legislative power is exercised by the National Congress, which consists of two houses: the Chamber of Deputies (lower house) and the Federal Senate (upper house).

National Congress The Chamber of Deputies is composed of 513 federal dep-uties, each state represented by an number of deputies proportional to its population. Deputies serve four-year terms and are elected by direct secret ballot under universal suffrage. The Senate is composed of 81 senators – three for each of the 26 States (and another three for Federal District). Sena-tors are elected for eight-year terms, elections being organized to take place every four years, coinciding with those for the Cham-ber of Deputies.

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Federal deputies and senators are entitled to stand for re-election without restriction.

Judiciary Judicial powers are vested in the Federal Supreme Court, Su-perior Court of Justice, regional courts, and the specific courts for electoral, labor, the military, and so on. Judges in all courts, at both federal and state level, are appointed for life.



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The new Industrial, Technological and Foreign Exchange Policy elects inno-vation as the basis to increase the country’s economic efficiency and competitiveness in the international market. Four sectors are of specific strategic interest: software; drugs and medicines; semiconductors and micro-electronics; and capital goods, essential for conquering and preserving markets. Direct investment in research and development (R&D) in 2010 reached R$ 44.4 billion, an actual increase of 75% when compared to 2000. This value rep-resents 1.25% of the overall Gross Do-mestic Product (GDP), being 0.66% from government resources and 0.59% from private companies.Source: http://www.brasil.gov.br/sobre/brazil/brazil-in-numbers/science-and-technology

Research As a result of increased investment in the training of scientists and research-ers, Brazil is exploring new fields of knowl-edge. Brazil´s share in world scientific out-put rose from 1.62% in 2002 to 2.69% in 2009, enabling the country to rank 13th among the nations with the highest pro-duction volumes. Brazil is a global bench-mark in aerospace industry, telecommuni-cations and software design. Support for research over the years has resulted in centers of excellence in human health, with research institu-



tions of international standing such as Fiocruz, in Rio de Janeiro, and the Butantã Institute, in São Paulo. Today, we are breaking new grounds in research on the use of human stem cells. Public investment in research and development has grown substantially in recent years. It is estimated that 1.25% of GDP was invested in R&D in 2010. The country counts today on more than 80,000 researchers and scholars working in universities and private companies. The Brazilian government has also increased scholarships grants to researchers.

Aerospace Excellence

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The Brazilian aerospace industry produces military equip-ment, executive jets, satellites and crop-monitoring equipment. The Brazilian space program generates satellite images critical to the preservation of the Amazon.

Software and services In information technology, entrepreneurs enjoy facilitated credit such as the Program for the Development of the National In-dustry of Software and Information Technology Services (Prosoft in the Portuguese acronym). Increasingly requested to provide sup-port to multinational companies, the sector offers opportunities in services and software development. Brazilian market for software services and information technology holds the 12th position in the world ranking. The sector generated US$ 30 billion in 2010. To expand markets and gain ground in the provision of ser-vices abroad, the information technology sector has undergone a process of mergers and acquisitions, attracting foreign clients and investors.

Recognized for its technological capacity and creativity, the Bra-zilian aerospace industry is the largest in the Southern Hemisphere and competes in several segments of the global market. Embraer, an aircraft manufacturer, is a leading producer of regional commercial jets up to 120 seats. With over 17,000 employees, the company´s order portfolio totaled US$ 16.6 billion in March 2011, delivering 246 aircrafts.


EDUCATION Education being one of the pillars in overcoming poverty, promoting citizenship and social inclusion, increased levels of ac-cess, school permanence, and quality standards are some of the big-gest challenges facing Brazilian society. The country seeks significant advances in quality standards of public schools through structuring public policies such as the Education Development Plan (Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação – PDE). Aware of the need to prioritize rural and semi-rural areas, the Brazilian government has provided new stimulus to technical education. In 2009, there were 280 federal technical schools in the country, jumping to 342 in 2010. In 2011, the government launched the National Program for Access to Technical Education and Em-ployment (Pronatec), offering learning opportunities to 8 million high school students and workers until 2014. Pronatec aims to expand and democratize the offer of technical courses and mid-level professionals. One of the initiatives of the pro-gram is the Fellowship Training, amplifying professional education to public high school students and workers. In addition, the Fund for High School Students (Fies) will be extended to technical education and may benefit companies wishing to raise funds to invest in technical courses. The fund will also provide a specific credit line to facilitate the access of students and employed workers to technical and vocational education. In the last decade, the number of University students more than doubled, reaching 6.5 million in 2012. In 2012, the number of higher education instructors reached 315.535. In the last decade, there has been a rise of 123 % of professors with doctorate degrees. Federal Universities grew from 45 in 2003 to 59 in 2010, represent-ing a leap of 113,200 places offered, reaching a total of 222,400. The goal is to reach 243,500 places in 2012. The expansion and im-provement of federal universities focuses on the inland, where 126 new campuses and units have been established since 2003.

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In 2010, 12,000 doctors and 41,000 masters graduated from Brazilian universities. The goal is to reach the annual figure of 25,000 doctors and 60,000 masters in the next 10 years. 75 thousand new international scholarships will be granted until 2014 to improve the qualification of Brazilian post-graduates.



Interesting facts:

• Brazil is participating in the biggest ever scientific project entailing cooperation between different countries – the In-ternational Space Station (ISS). In March 2006 the astronaut Marcos Pontes became the first Brazilian (and the first native Portuguese speaker) to go into space when he embarked on a mission to the ISS. • Brazil has the only source of synchrotron light in the Southern Hemisphere, which permits the study of atoms and molecules. The equipment – developed, built and oper-ated entirely by Brazilians – belongs to the National Syn-chrotron Light Laboratory in Campinas, São Paulo state.• Brazil has become the world’s leading source of satellite im-ages, due to the government’s policy of providing users in Brazil and neighboring countries with free access to the im-ages produced by the Sino-Brazilian Earth Resources Satellite.• In 2000, a team of scientists based in São Paulo achieved the first ever sequencing, or ‘decoding,’ of the genome of a plant pathogen. The bacterium in question was the insect-borne Xylella fastidiosa, which infects citrus fruit and other commercially important produce.• Brazil’s Aids program is widely seen as a model for other developing countries. In the early 1990s the World Bank predicted that in 2000 the number of Brazilians with HIV would be 1.2 million and rising. The current number, how-ever, is around 630,000. The government puts great empha-sis on prevention, with education and publicity campaigns actively and openly promoting safe sex among high-risk and vulnerable groups. Brazil was also the first developing coun-try to commit to providing free anti-retroviral medicines to people with HIV, and the government has put pressure on international pharmaceutical companies to reduce prices at which it buys anti-retroviral drugs.

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Interesting facts:

• Oscar Niemeyer is universally considered one of the most important figures in international modern architecture. As well as being the major influence on the construction of Brasília, Brazil’s new capital, in the late 1950s, he has also designed numerous important buildings in other countries – including the United Nations headquarters in New York.• The most famous of the gentle bossa nova melodies of the 1950s and 60s, The Girl from Ipanema by Antonio Carlos (‘Tom’) Jobim and Vinicius de Moraes is generally thought to be among the five most-played pieces of music, either live or on the radio in the world.• Brazil has a rich architectural heritage, ranging from colo-nial baroque to the modernism of, Brasília.



Brazil has 18 cultural and natural properties listed by UNESCO World Heritage Site. Here are some of the Brazilian contributions to the World’s Cultural Heritage:

São Francisco Square, São Cristóvão/SE One of the oldest cities in Brazil, São Cristóvão was the first capital of Sergipe, founded in 1590. Among the riches of the city, you can find the architectural style of the São Francisco Square, which conserves the colonial style of buildings related to the Franciscan Order of the Catholic Church. The site also houses the Museum of Sacred Art, the third most important collection of its kind in the country. The complex also includes the historic Convent of São Fran-cisco, whose architectural features show a mixture of Spanish and Portuguese influences during the formation of colonial urban centers.

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The Historic City of Ouro Preto/MG

Former capital of the State of Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto was founded in 1698. The city is considered to be a historic heritage for its original architec-tural collection. Located 513 kilometers from Rio de Janeiro, it was the major center of the Brazilian Gold Cycle.

The Historic Center of Olinda/PE

Olinda was founded in 1537 by the first Colonial District Lord of Pernambuco, Duarte Coelho Pereira. The historic center of the city preserves the original landscape, and the site of the villa was founded in the first half of the sixteenth century. The urban layout is informal, characteristic of the Portuguese settlements of medieval origin, and the entire group is surrounded by vegetation.


The Guarani Jesuit Missions, Ruínas de São Miguel das Missões/RS Remnants of the ancient people of Archangel Saint Mi-chael are located in the city of São Miguel das Missões, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, a former Spanish region, the Jesuit Prov-ince of Paraguay. The remnants of the Church of Saint Michael, and the erection of the Mission Museum, were written into the Book of Certified Arts in 1938, and considered as World Heritage by the UNESCO in December 1983.

The Historic Center of Salvador/BA Founded by Thomé de Souza in 1549, Salvador is located between the sea and the hills of Baía de Todos os Santos (All Saints Bay). The structure is similar to that of the cities of Porto and Lis-bon, with a strong defensive character, typical of the seventeenth century. At sea level, Cidade Baixa (Low City) forms a straight stretch between the coast and a cliff, delimiting the Cidade Alta (High City).

The Sanctuary of Senhor Bom Jesus de Matosinhos,in Congonhas do Campo/MG The Sanctuary Bom Jesus de Matosinhos is the masterpiece Antônio Francisco Lisboa, a.k.a. Aleijadinho, began in 1757. The ensemble is comprised of the Bom Jesus Chapel, including an im-pressive foyer, stairways, walls and parapets of the churchyard, and other six chapels located along the route that leads to the Sanctuary, at the top of the hill. Images of the chapels were sculpted in wood by Aleijadinho, and painted by Manuel da Costa Athayde.

Pilot Plan of Brasília/DF The city was inaugurated in 1960, built after a tender pro-cess ordered by President Juscelino Kubitschek in 1957. The capi-tal combines spatial shapes and varied historic periods, represent-ed by old ranches and cities of Goiás, and pioneer settlements, which reinterpret modernist principles. It is the first modern city to be considered as World Heritage.


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