Brave New WorldBrave New World

By Aldous HuxleyBy Aldous Huxley

Brave New WorldBrave New World

First published in 1932.First published in 1932. Set in a future Set in a future seeminglyseemingly utopian utopian

society.society. Utopia = a perfect or ideal society.Utopia = a perfect or ideal society.

What would be included/allowed in What would be included/allowed in your utopia?your utopia?

Brave New WorldBrave New World

No one ever gets old or ill.No one ever gets old or ill. No one has parents.No one has parents. There are no long term, loving There are no long term, loving

relationships – e.g. between boyfriend relationships – e.g. between boyfriend and girlfriend or man and wife.and girlfriend or man and wife.

You can have as much sex as you You can have as much sex as you want and there is no moral judgement want and there is no moral judgement made. Infact multiple sexual partners made. Infact multiple sexual partners are encouraged!!!!!are encouraged!!!!!

Brave New WorldBrave New World Drug taking is encouraged – soma rations Drug taking is encouraged – soma rations

are handed out to all citizens to stop them are handed out to all citizens to stop them being depressed/angry/unhappy.being depressed/angry/unhappy.

There is no fighting, rebellion or questioning There is no fighting, rebellion or questioning of authority because everyone is content.of authority because everyone is content.

Because no-one ever forms real Because no-one ever forms real attachments to each other – e.g. no mother, attachments to each other – e.g. no mother, father, sister, brother then you will never father, sister, brother then you will never experience grief and you are conditioned to experience grief and you are conditioned to accept death without emotion.accept death without emotion.

Biological EngineeringBiological Engineering

Human beings are grown in Human beings are grown in laboratories and brought up in large laboratories and brought up in large nurseries by staff rather than nurseries by staff rather than parents.parents.

The opening chapter takes place in The opening chapter takes place in The Central London Hatchery and The Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre. Conditioning Centre.

Caste SystemCaste System

Alphas – most intelligent, attractive Alphas – most intelligent, attractive and physically developed.and physically developed.

Betas Betas Gammas Gammas

DeltasDeltas Epsilons – least intelligent and Epsilons – least intelligent and

physically developed, often physically developed, often handicapped.handicapped.

Bokanovsky ProcessBokanovsky Process

The Bokanovsky process means one The Bokanovsky process means one embryo can be split to produce embryo can be split to produce hundreds of human beings who are hundreds of human beings who are the same. Only applies to Gammas, the same. Only applies to Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons. Deltas and Epsilons.

Chapter 1Chapter 1

1.1. In your own words try to explain the In your own words try to explain the purpose of the Bokanovsky process. purpose of the Bokanovsky process. (pg.4)(pg.4)

2.2. Explain what the predestinators do.Explain what the predestinators do.3.3. What is a freemartin? (pg. 9)What is a freemartin? (pg. 9)4.4. How do they prepare the foetuses to How do they prepare the foetuses to

be lower caste members?be lower caste members?5.5. In what other ways are the the In what other ways are the the

foetuses prepared for their future life?foetuses prepared for their future life?

Chapter 1Chapter 1

The writer uses the Director’s lecture The writer uses the Director’s lecture to his students as a way of to his students as a way of introducing and explaining his introducing and explaining his imagined setting. imagined setting.

1.1. What does the process that the What does the process that the foetuses go through in the Hatchery foetuses go through in the Hatchery remind you of? Explain your answer.remind you of? Explain your answer.

LeninaLenina

We are introduced to Lenina at the end We are introduced to Lenina at the end of this chapter.of this chapter.

1. What do we find out about her? Write 1. What do we find out about her? Write down as much info as you can. down as much info as you can.

2. Is there anything surprising to the 2. Is there anything surprising to the reader about the encounter with reader about the encounter with Lenina? ExplainLenina? Explain

Chapter 1Chapter 1

Look at the descriptions of the Look at the descriptions of the fertilizing room on page one. Copy fertilizing room on page one. Copy down any words or phrases which down any words or phrases which suggest the place is cold, scientific suggest the place is cold, scientific and unnatural. and unnatural.

Chapter 2Chapter 2

The tour of the Hatchery and The tour of the Hatchery and Conditioning Centre is continued with a Conditioning Centre is continued with a trip to the Infant Nurseries.trip to the Infant Nurseries.

We see a group of Delta children being We see a group of Delta children being conditioned to dislike books and flowers. conditioned to dislike books and flowers.

The Director explains to them how sleep The Director explains to them how sleep teaching or hypnopaedia was teaching or hypnopaedia was discovered and how it is used to discovered and how it is used to condition children. condition children.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Children given lessons on Elementary Children given lessons on Elementary Sex and Elementary Class Sex and Elementary Class ConsciousnessConsciousness::““Alpha children wear grey. They work Alpha children wear grey. They work much harder than we do, because much harder than we do, because they’re so frightfully clever. I’m really they’re so frightfully clever. I’m really awfully glad I’m a Beta, because I awfully glad I’m a Beta, because I don’t work so hard. And then we are don’t work so hard. And then we are much better than the Gammas and much better than the Gammas and Deltas. Gammas are stupid…” Deltas. Gammas are stupid…”

Chapter 2Chapter 2

1.1. Describe the methods used to Describe the methods used to condition children in this chapter.condition children in this chapter.

2.2. Do you agree with them?Do you agree with them?

Chapter 3Chapter 3

Chapter 3 moves between three Chapter 3 moves between three situations:situations:

Lenina getting ready. Lenina getting ready. Mustapha Mond talking to the Mustapha Mond talking to the

students. students. Bernard Marx and Henry Foster. Bernard Marx and Henry Foster.

Chapter 3Chapter 3

What do we find out about the What do we find out about the following three characters in this following three characters in this chapter: chapter:

Henry FosterHenry Foster Lenina CrowneLenina Crowne Bernard MarxBernard Marx

Chapter 4Chapter 4

1.1. Look at page 49. How do the men in the Look at page 49. How do the men in the lift react to Lenina? What annoys lift react to Lenina? What annoys Lenina? Why do you think this detail is Lenina? Why do you think this detail is included?included?

2.2. How does Bernard react when Lenina How does Bernard react when Lenina agrees to the date? Why does he react agrees to the date? Why does he react like this?like this?

3.3. Look at pages 50-51. What does the Look at pages 50-51. What does the description of the lift attendant show description of the lift attendant show us?us?

BernardBernard

1.1. What more do we find out about What more do we find out about Bernard on page 55? Write down as Bernard on page 55? Write down as much as you can.much as you can.

2.2. Why do you think Bernard is Why do you think Bernard is discontent?discontent?

3.3. Compare Bernard with his friend Compare Bernard with his friend Hemholtz Watson. What do they Hemholtz Watson. What do they have in common?have in common?

4.4. In what way are they opposites?In what way are they opposites?

Chapter 5Chapter 5

Part One – Lenina and Henry go to a multi-Part One – Lenina and Henry go to a multi-sensory concertsensory concert

Part Two – Bernard goes to a Solidarity Part Two – Bernard goes to a Solidarity Service. Service.

Both events are designed to create a sense Both events are designed to create a sense of being part of something greater than an of being part of something greater than an individual, they are also about pleasure – individual, they are also about pleasure – the main pursuit in this society. the main pursuit in this society.

Chapter 5 Chapter 5 1.1. Look at page 63. What does Lenina say that Look at page 63. What does Lenina say that

shows she has been conditioned to dislike shows she has been conditioned to dislike lower castes?lower castes?

2.2. What does Henry say which tells us the What does Henry say which tells us the reason the lower castes never rebel? (pg.64)reason the lower castes never rebel? (pg.64)

3.3. In what way is Henry’s reaction to the In what way is Henry’s reaction to the cremation unexpected? (pg. 64-65)cremation unexpected? (pg. 64-65)

4.4. Describe Lenina and Henry’s evening. Describe Lenina and Henry’s evening.

5.5. Describe Bernard’s evening. In what ways Describe Bernard’s evening. In what ways are they similar? In what ways are they are they similar? In what ways are they different?different?

Brave New World Brave New World

Differences to our Differences to our worldworld

Similarities to our Similarities to our worldworld

Communism v CapitalismCommunism v Capitalism Communism – Based on the idea that the Communism – Based on the idea that the

workers are the most necessary part of workers are the most necessary part of any economy. There is no private property any economy. There is no private property or business. The government own and or business. The government own and control everything and the government is control everything and the government is run by the workers. run by the workers.

Everyone has equal status as there is no Everyone has equal status as there is no private property and everyone is paid the private property and everyone is paid the same same

““From each according to his ability, to From each according to his ability, to each according to his need” – Karl Marx.each according to his need” – Karl Marx.

Classless society. Classless society.

Communism v CapitalismCommunism v Capitalism

Capitalism – Less government interference. Capitalism – Less government interference. Means of production (factories, businesses) Means of production (factories, businesses) are privately owned and run for profit.are privately owned and run for profit.

Classes are important as the middle and Classes are important as the middle and upper class run the businesses while the upper class run the businesses while the working class work. working class work.

There is more inequality.There is more inequality. Consumer Capitalism is encouraged as a Consumer Capitalism is encouraged as a

way of creating continuous growth in the way of creating continuous growth in the economy.economy.

Historical Context of novelHistorical Context of novel Written in 1931 and published in 1932.Written in 1931 and published in 1932. The novel is a response to the rapid changes The novel is a response to the rapid changes

that were taking place in society at this time.that were taking place in society at this time. The Industrial Revolution meant the world The Industrial Revolution meant the world

was transformed through science and was transformed through science and machinery – improved medicine, sanitation, machinery – improved medicine, sanitation, transport and communication links meant transport and communication links meant life was getting better for many. There was a life was getting better for many. There was a lot of utopian fiction written at this point.lot of utopian fiction written at this point.

Then WW1 – 1914 and post world war era.Then WW1 – 1914 and post world war era.

Historical ContextHistorical Context

First World War brought the end of First World War brought the end of this idealistic view of the future.this idealistic view of the future.

Russian Revolution – Communist Russian Revolution – Communist revolution in Russia – state controls revolution in Russia – state controls everything and everybody – we can everything and everybody – we can see that this is satirised in ‘Brave see that this is satirised in ‘Brave New World’. New World’.

Roaring TwentiesRoaring Twenties The The Roaring TwentiesRoaring Twenties is a phrase used to is a phrase used to

describe the 1920s, principally in North America, describe the 1920s, principally in North America, but also in London, Berlin and Paris for a period of but also in London, Berlin and Paris for a period of sustained economic prosperity.sustained economic prosperity.

After the doom of the First World war people After the doom of the First World war people started to break free from traditions: started to break free from traditions:

Women gained more independence.Women gained more independence. The working classes had more money to spend on The working classes had more money to spend on

leisure pursuits – drinking, dancing, music halls, leisure pursuits – drinking, dancing, music halls, etc.etc.

Jazz and dancing rose in popularity and sexual Jazz and dancing rose in popularity and sexual morals began to change. morals began to change.

Consumer consumption was encouraged as a way Consumer consumption was encouraged as a way of achieving economic stability. of achieving economic stability.

Henry FordHenry Ford Founder of the Ford Motor Company.Founder of the Ford Motor Company. Developed assembly line technique of Developed assembly line technique of

mass production.mass production. Model T automobile revolutionized Model T automobile revolutionized

transportation and American industry. transportation and American industry. He became one of the richest and best-He became one of the richest and best-

known people in the world. known people in the world. He is credited with "He is credited with "FordismFordism": mass ": mass

production of inexpensive goods coupled production of inexpensive goods coupled with high wages for workers. Ford had a with high wages for workers. Ford had a global vision, with consumerism as the key global vision, with consumerism as the key to peace. to peace.

Brave New WorldBrave New World

What elements of both Capitalism What elements of both Capitalism and Communism do we see in ‘Brave and Communism do we see in ‘Brave New World’?New World’?

Chapter 6Chapter 6

In groups list as many hypnopaedic In groups list as many hypnopaedic phrases as you can from part one, phrases as you can from part one, chapter six. chapter six.

Chapter 6 – Part Two Chapter 6 – Part Two

1.1. What does the Director tell Bernard What does the Director tell Bernard about?about?

2.2. Why is the Director’s story Why is the Director’s story inappropriate?inappropriate?

3.3. What does the Director threaten What does the Director threaten Bernard with?Bernard with?

4.4. What is Bernard’s initial reaction to What is Bernard’s initial reaction to this threat? (pg.85)this threat? (pg.85)

5.5. What faults does Helmholtz pick out in What faults does Helmholtz pick out in Bernard?Bernard?

Chapter 7 (VII)Chapter 7 (VII)

1.List at least five quotations that show 1.List at least five quotations that show Lenina’s disgust/shock/horror at life in Lenina’s disgust/shock/horror at life in the Savage Reservation.the Savage Reservation.

2.What various things about Linda 2.What various things about Linda disturb Lenina?disturb Lenina?

3. What else do we find out about 3. What else do we find out about Linda?Linda?

4. Why do the other women in the 4. Why do the other women in the village dislike her?village dislike her?

Chapter 8 (VIII)Chapter 8 (VIII)

Told from John’s point of view. Through a series of Told from John’s point of view. Through a series of flashbacks:flashbacks:

Memories of Linda and Pope - Linda finding Memories of Linda and Pope - Linda finding comfort in sex and alcohol.comfort in sex and alcohol.

The way he is ostracized by the other children.The way he is ostracized by the other children. Rejected by his motherRejected by his mother Shakespeare helps John to express his emotions Shakespeare helps John to express his emotions

and inspired by and inspired by HamletHamlet he attempts to stab Pope. he attempts to stab Pope. John feels completely unhappy and alone, except John feels completely unhappy and alone, except

when he makes the waterpot – this gives him a when he makes the waterpot – this gives him a sense of purpose. sense of purpose.

At the end of the chapter he finally has hope – At the end of the chapter he finally has hope – “Oh brave new world” – “Oh brave new world” – The TempestThe Tempest. We know . We know that like Shakespeare’s character (Miranda) he that like Shakespeare’s character (Miranda) he will be left disappointed.will be left disappointed.

Chapter 8 (VIII)Chapter 8 (VIII)

Why might John be disappointed in Why might John be disappointed in the new world?the new world?

Chapter 9 (IX)Chapter 9 (IX)

1.1. How does Bernard act towards the How does Bernard act towards the Warden? What does this tell us Warden? What does this tell us about Bernard? (pg. 123)about Bernard? (pg. 123)

2.2. What does John do when Lenina is What does John do when Lenina is sleeping (on soma holiday)?sleeping (on soma holiday)?

3.3. How does he feel about her?How does he feel about her?4.4. What emotion does he feel when he What emotion does he feel when he

thinks about taking her clothes off? thinks about taking her clothes off? Use a quotation to show this.Use a quotation to show this.

Chapter 10 (X)Chapter 10 (X)

1.1. Where does this chapter take Where does this chapter take place?place?

2.2. What is Bernard accused of? (pg What is Bernard accused of? (pg 129-130)129-130)

3.3. How do the other workers respond How do the other workers respond to Linda and John? (use quotations)to Linda and John? (use quotations)

4.4. How does the Director respond? How does the Director respond? (use quotations)(use quotations)

Chapter 11 (XI)Chapter 11 (XI)

1.1. We see Bernard start to change in this We see Bernard start to change in this section. What evidence is there of this? Use section. What evidence is there of this? Use quotations.quotations.

2.2. How do we know that Bernard is still not How do we know that Bernard is still not accepted in this society?accepted in this society?

3.3. What disgusts John about ‘Brave New World’?What disgusts John about ‘Brave New World’?

4.4. What more do we find out about education at What more do we find out about education at Eton?Eton?

5.5. Why do you think John rejects Lenina at the Why do you think John rejects Lenina at the end of this chapter?end of this chapter?

Chapters 11 & 12Chapters 11 & 12 Bernard introduces John to life in The World Bernard introduces John to life in The World

State.State. John is disgusted by how superficial, John is disgusted by how superficial,

inhumane and immoral life is – treatment of inhumane and immoral life is – treatment of Linda, free sexual morals, lack of Linda, free sexual morals, lack of individuality, etc.individuality, etc.

Bernard show that he wasn’t actually as Bernard show that he wasn’t actually as unorthodox as he believed. He is seen to be a unorthodox as he believed. He is seen to be a hypocrite as he now enjoys the features of hypocrite as he now enjoys the features of society he had previously criticized – society he had previously criticized – privileges of being and Alpha male, sex and privileges of being and Alpha male, sex and even soma.even soma.

Questions…. Questions….

What questions do you have about What questions do you have about the novel so far…………..the novel so far…………..

In groupsIn groups

List the various personality traits of List the various personality traits of Bernard so far…… e.g. insecure.Bernard so far…… e.g. insecure.

Now use these to create a group Now use these to create a group mind map about Bernard. mind map about Bernard.

You can also include appearance and You can also include appearance and background. background.

Chapter 13Chapter 13

Placemat activity:Placemat activity:

1.1. What happens in this chapter?What happens in this chapter?

2.2. What is the most significant event?What is the most significant event?

3.3. Why does John react the way he does to Why does John react the way he does to Lenina?Lenina?

4.4. Is his treatment of Lenina fair?Is his treatment of Lenina fair?

Chapter 13Chapter 13

1.1. Why is Lenina frustrated at the start Why is Lenina frustrated at the start of this chapter?of this chapter?

2.2. What shocks Fanny about Lenina?What shocks Fanny about Lenina?

3.3. What is Fanny’s advice?What is Fanny’s advice?

4.4. How does John react when Lenina How does John react when Lenina seduces him and why?seduces him and why?

Chapter 14 pg174Chapter 14 pg174 This chapter takes place in The Park Lane This chapter takes place in The Park Lane

Hospital for the Dying.Hospital for the Dying.

The attitude towards death in The World The attitude towards death in The World State is very different to our own.State is very different to our own.

TaskTask: List as many details from this chapter : List as many details from this chapter which highlight this contrast in attitude.which highlight this contrast in attitude.

Now put them in order starting with the Now put them in order starting with the one you find the most shocking.one you find the most shocking.

Chapter 14Chapter 14

1.1. In what way is John rejected by his In what way is John rejected by his mother in this chapter?mother in this chapter?

2.2. Why does John get so angry with Why does John get so angry with the children in the ward?the children in the ward?

3.3. What happens at the end of this What happens at the end of this chapter? What pattern can you see chapter? What pattern can you see in John’s behaviour?in John’s behaviour?

Chapter 15 – pg 183Chapter 15 – pg 1831.1. What is the most important event in this What is the most important event in this

chapter and why does it occur?chapter and why does it occur?2.2. What does John believe he is offering the What does John believe he is offering the

workers by throwing the soma away and why?workers by throwing the soma away and why?3.3. When the soma ration appears we are told it When the soma ration appears we are told it

was “as though they were looking at was “as though they were looking at fireworks” (pg 184). What does this simile fireworks” (pg 184). What does this simile suggest?suggest?

4.4. Explain John, Helmholtz and Bernard’s Explain John, Helmholtz and Bernard’s differing reactions to the riot.differing reactions to the riot.

5.5. What does the fact there are police with What does the fact there are police with weapons and an ‘Anti-Riot Speech’ tell us?weapons and an ‘Anti-Riot Speech’ tell us?

Mustapha MondMustapha MondWhich of the following words/phrases best Which of the following words/phrases best describe Mustapha Mond. Pick 3 and describe Mustapha Mond. Pick 3 and explain your reasoning: explain your reasoning:

Rational Rational Intelligent Intelligent The villain of the novelThe villain of the novel Harsh Harsh Charming/charismatic Charming/charismatic Self-sacrificingSelf-sacrificing UnorthodoxUnorthodox

Mustapha MondMustapha Mond

What do we found out about What do we found out about Mustapha Mond’s background in this Mustapha Mond’s background in this chapter?chapter?

Bullet point any relevant informationBullet point any relevant information

Chapter 16Chapter 16

1.1. Explain the results of the Cyprus Explain the results of the Cyprus experiment. What does this prove? experiment. What does this prove? (pg 196-7)(pg 196-7)

2.2. Why can’t science be allowed to Why can’t science be allowed to develop unrestricted?develop unrestricted?

3.3. What has to be sacrificed in order to What has to be sacrificed in order to achieve happiness?achieve happiness?

4.4. How does Bernard act in this How does Bernard act in this chapter?chapter?

Chapter 17Chapter 17 Mustapha Mond and John are left alone in Mustapha Mond and John are left alone in

this chapter.this chapter. John argues for God and Mustapha Mond John argues for God and Mustapha Mond

against God. against God.

1.1. What does Mustapha Monda tell John What does Mustapha Monda tell John about God in this chapter?about God in this chapter?

2.2. What is a Violent Passion Surrogate and What is a Violent Passion Surrogate and what is it for? (pg. 211)what is it for? (pg. 211)

3.3. Is this chapter for or against religion? Is this chapter for or against religion? Explain your answer.Explain your answer.

Chapter 17Chapter 17

Mustapha Mond argues that God may exist but Mustapha Mond argues that God may exist but that society no longer has a need for him. that society no longer has a need for him.

All the problems that make people turn to God – All the problems that make people turn to God – ill health, the vulnerability of old-age, ill health, the vulnerability of old-age, unhappiness, etc no longer exist. unhappiness, etc no longer exist.

John argues that religion is necessary as a means John argues that religion is necessary as a means of guidance and that there must be something of guidance and that there must be something above human existence. There must be above human existence. There must be something more noble that the way of life in The something more noble that the way of life in The World State.World State.

Chapter 17Chapter 17 John argues that life in the World State is simply “John argues that life in the World State is simply “too too

easyeasy”. The have got rid of anything that might cause ”. The have got rid of anything that might cause suffering or pain.suffering or pain.

John thinks there is no challenge for the human spirit John thinks there is no challenge for the human spirit anymore: “anymore: “Nothing costs enough hereNothing costs enough here”.”.

Extremes of emotion/human experience are shown to Extremes of emotion/human experience are shown to be necessary with the be necessary with the Violent Passion SurrogateViolent Passion Surrogate (Pg. (Pg. 211)211)

““But I don’t want comfort. I want God, I want poetry, I But I don’t want comfort. I want God, I want poetry, I want real danger, I want goodness, I want sinwant real danger, I want goodness, I want sin” (pg. ” (pg. 211) – John believes we need these extremes of 211) – John believes we need these extremes of emotion to truly have the full human experience, emotion to truly have the full human experience, otherwise we are living a half-life, unfulfilled by any otherwise we are living a half-life, unfulfilled by any true/experience or higher emotion – e.g. love, heroism.true/experience or higher emotion – e.g. love, heroism.

The disadvantage of these emotions is that with love The disadvantage of these emotions is that with love also comes hatred, betrayal, fear – instability. Mond also comes hatred, betrayal, fear – instability. Mond argues we only need religion when there is instability!!argues we only need religion when there is instability!!

Chapter 18Chapter 18

Bullet point the main events in this Bullet point the main events in this chapter.chapter.

Chapter 18Chapter 18

1.1. What causes the happiness experienced by What causes the happiness experienced by the three men on page 214? In what way is the three men on page 214? In what way is it different from the happiness experienced it different from the happiness experienced by most citizens in the World State?by most citizens in the World State?

2.2. John prays for forgiveness from various John prays for forgiveness from various Gods. What does he want forgiveness for? Gods. What does he want forgiveness for? (pg. 215-216)(pg. 215-216)

3.3. Why does John enjoy the physical work? Why does John enjoy the physical work? (pg. 218)(pg. 218)

4.4. How do you think Lenina feels about John? How do you think Lenina feels about John? Give evidence for your answer (pg. 227)Give evidence for your answer (pg. 227)

5.5. Why did John kill himself? Why did John kill himself?

ThemesThemes – Placemat Activity– Placemat Activity

IndividuallyIndividually – –

What is a theme?What is a theme?

What are the themes of the novel?What are the themes of the novel?

GroupsGroups- Pick out the top 5 themes.- Pick out the top 5 themes.

ThemesThemes The use of technology to control societyThe use of technology to control society The misuse of scienceThe misuse of science Dangers of a consumer societyDangers of a consumer society The incompatibility of happiness and The incompatibility of happiness and

truthtruth The decline of the individualThe decline of the individual The dangers of an all powerful stateThe dangers of an all powerful state The State versus the individualThe State versus the individual Isolation/AlienationIsolation/Alienation Government controlGovernment control

CharactersCharacters

List the main characters in the novel.List the main characters in the novel.

SettingSettingThe World StateThe World State The Savage The Savage

ReservationReservation

Pages 92 -126 , Pages 92 -126 ,

Chapters 7-9Chapters 7-9

Critical Essay AssessmentCritical Essay Assessment In the exam you only have 1 hour In the exam you only have 1 hour

and 30 mins to write 2 essaysand 30 mins to write 2 essays 45 minutes per essay.45 minutes per essay. Assessed on:Assessed on:

– UnderstandingUnderstanding– AnalysisAnalysis– RelevanceRelevance– Technical AccuracyTechnical Accuracy

Essay QuestionEssay Question

Choose a novel in which a character Choose a novel in which a character chooses to escape from the constraints chooses to escape from the constraints of his or her environment or situation.of his or her environment or situation.

Explain why the character feels the Explain why the character feels the need to escape and show how his or her need to escape and show how his or her response to the situation illuminates a response to the situation illuminates a central concern of the text. (2010)central concern of the text. (2010)

Essay QuestionEssay Question

Choose a novel in which a character Choose a novel in which a character chooses to escape from the chooses to escape from the constraints constraints of his or her environment or situationof his or her environment or situation..

Explain Explain why the character feels the why the character feels the need to escapeneed to escape and and show how his or her show how his or her response to the situation illuminates a response to the situation illuminates a central concern of the textcentral concern of the text. (2010). (2010)

PlanningPlanning

1.1. Which character will you choose Which character will you choose and what constraints are they and what constraints are they trying to escape?trying to escape?

2.2. What themes (central concerns) What themes (central concerns) does their situation and their does their situation and their actions help explore actions help explore (illuminate/highlight) for us – keep it (illuminate/highlight) for us – keep it simple and just pick one or two!simple and just pick one or two!

The Start of the NovelThe Start of the Novel

Read over the first few pages again. Read over the first few pages again.

We are immediately meant to be We are immediately meant to be disturbed by this world. disturbed by this world.

How does the writer make it seem How does the writer make it seem disturbing? In what ways does this disturbing? In what ways does this world seem strange?world seem strange?

The EndingThe Ending

1.1. Explain what happens at the end of Explain what happens at the end of the novel.the novel.

2.2. Why do you think Lenina goes to Why do you think Lenina goes to see John?see John?

3.3. Why does John attack Lenina?Why does John attack Lenina?

4.4. Why does John take part in the Why does John take part in the orgy?orgy?

5.5. Why does John kill himself?Why does John kill himself?

Christmas Holiday Christmas Holiday HomeworkHomework

1.1. Choose a novel in which the setting Choose a novel in which the setting in time and/or place is a significant in time and/or place is a significant feature. feature.

Show how the writer’s use of setting Show how the writer’s use of setting contributes to your understanding contributes to your understanding of character and theme. (2009)of character and theme. (2009)

Christmas Holiday Christmas Holiday HomeworkHomework

2. 2. Choose a novel, set in a time Choose a novel, set in a time different from your own, with a different from your own, with a theme relevant to the world today. theme relevant to the world today.

Show how you are led to an Show how you are led to an appreciation of the theme’s appreciation of the theme’s continuing relevance, despite its continuing relevance, despite its setting in time. (2006)setting in time. (2006)

QuotationsQuotations ““Everyone belongs to everyone elseEveryone belongs to everyone else”.”.

ExplanationExplanation: This is one of the World State’s : This is one of the World State’s mottos and children are taught this from an early mottos and children are taught this from an early age. Lenina repeats this several times throughout age. Lenina repeats this several times throughout the novel, as does Linda to justify her promiscuity. the novel, as does Linda to justify her promiscuity. The motto shows us that there is no such thing as The motto shows us that there is no such thing as monogamy and love for one other person. Instead monogamy and love for one other person. Instead the state encourages people to be promiscuous. the state encourages people to be promiscuous. Huxley uses this motto to show the lack of Huxley uses this motto to show the lack of morality and the superficial values promoted by morality and the superficial values promoted by the World State. Huxley saw a decline in sexual the World State. Huxley saw a decline in sexual morals in the post war years and wants to morals in the post war years and wants to highlight the superficial nature of this type of highlight the superficial nature of this type of society, where sex has more value than love. society, where sex has more value than love.

Write you own explanations for Write you own explanations for the following: the following:

They’re blissfully ignorant of passion and They’re blissfully ignorant of passion and old age…they’ve got no wives or children old age…they’ve got no wives or children or lovers to feel strongly about – 194or lovers to feel strongly about – 194

Lenina Crowne…Wonderfully pneumatic. Lenina Crowne…Wonderfully pneumatic. I’m surprised you haven’t had her - 37I’m surprised you haven’t had her - 37

But I don’t want comfort. I want God, I But I don’t want comfort. I want God, I want poetry, I want real danger, I want want poetry, I want real danger, I want goodness. I want sin. - 211goodness. I want sin. - 211