brand equity
TRANSCRIPT
WHAT IS BRAND EQUITY
According to David A. Aker “Brand Equity is the value that a brand generates to the product.”
The value of a brand, based on the extent to which it has highbrand loyalty, name awareness, perceived quality, strong brand associations, and other assets such as patents, trademarks, and channel relationships.”The term brand equity is used mainly when we compare two brands, and also when merger and acquisition takes place.
NEWS AND GOSSIP WORLD EXCLUSIVES
THE
BRAND EQUITY
Measuring Brand Equity
Brand EquityBrand Equity
Cost-Based Price Based Consumer- Based
Historical Cost
Replacement Cost
Market Value Method
Discount Cash flow Method
Brand contribution Method
Interbrand Method
Price Premium
Equalization Price
Indifferent Price
Brand Knowledge
Brand image
Brand knowledge
Attribute association
Benefit association
Attitude association
Loyalty measure
Quality measure
Cost Based Method• Historical Cost- In this we calculate our whole expenditure
till date. Suppose Rs. 100 million have been spent so far in creating a brand called ‘X’ . The value at which the brand can be sold to another organization should be Rs. 100 million. Here we do not mind time value of money and other factor to create the bond.Replacement Cost- How much would it cost to create a brand with similar turnover, profitability, distribution, loyalty etc. Replacement cost = Launch cost + Production and administrative costs incurred over the years + Brand premium acquired over the years due to brand loyalty, distribution etc. It do not give guarantee that if the cost is same then market share, quality and other function will be same.
Cont.…. Market Value Method- This method used when Merger and Acquisition takes place. Suppose Cibaca has been bought by Colgate by 1310 million then what is the equity of Colgate. Suppose Colgate has 17 times more turnover than Cibaca then Equity of Colgate = 1310 * 17=22,270
Discounting cash flow method – This method consists of (1) estimating cash flows that would accrue to a brand in future, (2) converting these to present value using the Time value money.
Suppose estimated sales for the next 5 year is S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and discount of 15% then present value of cash flow
P = S1/1.15 + S2/(1.15)2/ +………+S5/(1.15)5
Cont.…• Brand Contribution –This method tries to identify the value
that is added the “BRAND” to the product.
Brand Equity = K( Profits from the brand – profits for an unbranded product in the same category)
Inter- brand Method – This method aims at arriving at a value at which a brand can be sold by one company to another.
Brand Equity = (Weighted average of Brand profits * P/E of industry * Brand strength)
Brand Strength depend on certain variable like leadership, stability, internationality, support, protection, market and trend.
Brand strength score = total score of all variable/100
Price Based• Price premium method- This is done by comparing
(retail price of the “branded” product - retail price of an unbranded product.) . The difference will be brand equity of that product.
Market share equalization method-
This method uses an ingenious way of tackling the brand equity problem.
What are the prices at which the
market share for each of these brands
is equal? What is the point at which
40 people switch from Colgate and
distribute themselves among the other
brands equitably. This situation is shown
in the fallowing table
Cont.….• At this point, we have found situation
market shares are equal. The prices
here straight away give an indication
of brand equity. If we divide the prices
in paise by ten we get the numbers in
the brand equity map. In other words,
the brand equity of Colgate is equal
to 245 while that of Babool is 146.
Brand Price No. of people using
Colgate 24.50 25
Close – up
22.50 25
Dabur 17.50 25
Babool 14.60 25
Price premium at indifference
• This Method tries to compare the free prices of Brand at the point of indifference.
• Brand Equity of Colgate = • • Revised Price of Colgate• 1 * 100• Price of Promise
• Brand Equity of Babool=• Revised Price of Babool• 1 * 100• Price of Promise
Customer Based Brand Equity
• Brand Knowledge- The structure and content of brand knowledge influences consumer behavior. It has two component. (1) Brand Awareness (2) Brand Image
• Brand awareness-Brand awareness plays an important role in consumer decision making. It reflects the importance and the impression of the brand in consumer mind. The different levels or tools for measuring brand awareness are
• Brand recognition• Bran recall• Top of the mind• Brand dominance
Cont.• Q1- Connect Santoor, Sundrop, Baby Soft, Shikakai, and
Yardley to a giant Umbrella company?• Reckitt Benckiser• Wipro• HUL• P & G
• Brand recognition- Recognition means some sense of familiarity which is some times sufficient in decision making at the point of purchase.
• Brand recall- Brand recall refers to the ability to retrieve the brand from the memory when some clue is provided.
• Punchline• Sirf banking aur kuch nahi• Working together for healthier world• The power of knowledge• Eat healthy, think better
• Top of the mind
• Amitabh Bachchan
• Abhishek Bachchan
• Priyanka chopra
• Shahrukh khan
Brand dominanceBRAND/COMPANY CATEGORY
AMUL BUTTER
NOKIA MOBILE HANDSET
FAIR & LOVELY FAIRNESS CREAM
EUREKA FORBS VACUM CLEANER
Cont.…• Q2– Which country manufacture the largest number of laptops
in the world.• India• Malaysia• China• Taiwan
Brand Image• The image of a brand is how it is
perceived by the consumer. In fact, it is these association which differentiate one brand from another in the mind. The image of brand may different type of association.
• Attributes, Benefits, Attitudes
Attribute Association• Attributes are
descriptive features which are used to characterize a product or service. For instance how you will described Refrigerator and McDonald.
Benefit Association• Benefits are suggestion as to what a product or service can do for
them. These are intrinsic advantage of consuming a product. For example functional advantage of a fridge is that it prevents food from getting spoilt.
• Some punch line which shows functional benefit
• “ Powered by Intellect, Driven by values.”
“Infosys Technology”
“Quality in Everything we Do”
“Ernst & young”
Attitude Association• Attitude is an important psychological construct. Attitude
refers to overall evaluation of a concept like person, product, object or a brand. There are 3 components in attitude.
• Cognitive- Knowledge perception that a has about brand
• Affective- Emotions or feelings that someone has toward a brand.
• Conative- Behavioral or action oriented
• Q-3- This company was started in 1894 by a man who was called the “Henry Ford of Eastern Europe”. The company was also one of the official sponsor of the 1986 FIFA world cup, Name it ?
• PUMA• Liberty• Adidas • Bata
Loyalty Measure• Customer loyalty is the core
dimension of measuring brand loyalty. Brand loyalty can be indicated by two factors
• Price Premium- it is the amount that a customer want to pay for the brand comparison with other brand offering similar benefits.
Customer satisfaction• Customer satisfaction is important factor for measuring brand
equity.
• Are you people satisfied with Dell’s Vostro version?
• Are you satisfy with Dell’s service?
• Are you satisfied with coca – cola taste
• Which company’s cosmetic item you like most?
Quality Measure• Quality is another
important factor for measuring Brand Equity.
• How will you rank the quality of these product?
• This company has been awarded the most number of patents for 16th year in a row . It has presence in over 170 countries and even runs its own advertising channel on you tube. Which company is in question.
• Apple• Xerox• Microsoft• IBM
THANKING YOU……………
SANDIP MANDALSANTOSH TRIPATHISAPTAK DASSAPTARSI SANTIKARYSATHAFUL SHAH CHOUDHARY