brainstem: medulla & pons
DESCRIPTION
Brainstem: Medulla & Pons. Reticular Formation. Thalamus. Thalamic Pain Syndrome. Thalamic Pain Syndrome. Cerebellum = “little brain” helps us judge time nonverbal learning/memory discriminate sounds/textures coordinate voluntary movement. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Brainstem: Medulla & Pons
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Reticular Formation
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Thalamic Pain SyndromeThalamic Pain Syndrome
Thalamus
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Cerebellar ataxia Ataxic Gait
• Cerebellum = “little brain”
• helps us judge time
• nonverbal learning/memory
• discriminate sounds/textures
• coordinate voluntary movement
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Limbic System
• 1. Hypothalamus
• 2. Amygdala
• 3. Hippocampus
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Hypothalamus: Where is it?
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1. Hypothalamus
• Subdivided into different functional areas• Involved in the regulation of:
– Hunger– Thirst– Body temperature– Sexual behavior
• Contains “reward” centers (pleasure centers) (Olds/Milner)
• Reward centers often release dopamine• Addictive behaviors: “reward deficiency syndrome”?
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Functional Areas of the Hypothalamus
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2. Amygdala
Amygdala
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Amygdala• Two structures, right and left
– Each is the size of a lima bean– Sit posterior to the hypothalamus
• Perception of fear and aggression• Processing emotion-laden memories• Kluver & Bucy
– Destroyed amygdala in monkeys• Ill-tempered to mellow
– Stimulate amygdala: • 1 spot, extreme aggression• Another spot, extreme fearfulness
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Kluver-Bucy Syndrome• 1. Psychic blindness (inability to recognize familiar objects)• 2. Hypermetamorphosis (strong tendency to react to visual
stimulus)• 3. Increased oral exploration (putting things in the mouth)• 4. Placidity (marked decreased fear response)• 5. Indiscriminate hypersexuality• 6. Hyperphagia/Eating nonfood items
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3. Hippocampus
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Hippocampus
• Involved in memory formation (names, images, events)
• Memories formed but not stored• Very active during sleep; memories are
processed and filed for later retrieval• Left hippocampus: memories of verbal
information• Right hippocampus: memories of visual
information and locations
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Damage to the Hippocampus