brain tumor and its types

Brain Tumor
&
Its Types

The Brain And Spine Centre

By

www.thebrainandspine.com

Introduction

Brain Tumor or Intracranial Neoplasm is an abnormal growth of tissue in the brain.

This occurs because the normal metabolism of cells stop. Some cells may not die and new cells will grow.

The Brain Tumors can be mainly divided into two Primary Brain Tumors and Metastatic Brain Tumor.


Primary Brain Tumor is a tumor that develop from the cells of brain and its surrounding structures.

This benign tumors can be divided into glial and non glial.

Glial contains cells of neurons and non glial contains glads, blood vessels etc.

Primary Brain Tumor can be again classified into Cancerous & Non Cancerous.


Metastatic Brain Tumor is a tumor that begin from other parts of our body like lungs, prostate and reaches the brain.

These type of Brain Tumors are malignant or it is cancerous.


Types of Non Cancerous
Brain Tumor

Chordomas

Craniopharyngioma

Gangliocytomas

Glomus Jugulare

Meningiomas

Pineocytomas

Pituitary Adenoma

Schwannomas


Chordomas

Chordomas develop from lower part of spine and lower base of skull.

These tumors grow slowly and is seen in individuals age 50-60.

Main treatment for chordomas is surgery. By this the tumor can be removed completely or partially.


Craniopharyngioma

Craniopharyngioma are pituitary gland tumor develop from the embryogenic remnants in pituitary gland.

It is difficult to discover these tumors unless it press or invade its surrounding structures.

The main symptom of Craniopharyngioma is visual defect. Other symptoms are headache, lack of growth etc. The most prefered treatment is microsurgical excision and transcranial route through craniotomy.


Gangliocytomas & Glomus Jugulare

Gangliomas or Gangliogliomas include neoplastic nerve cells.

These tumors are normally occur in young adults and complete removal of tumor will completely cure gangliomas.

Glomus Jugulare is the most common type of glomus tumor.

These tumors develop on the top of jugular vein which is under the skull base.

The surgery for the removal of these tumors are very complex.


Meningiomas

Meningiomas develop in meninges which is a membraine like structures surrounding spinal cord and brain.

Meningiomas are different types,

Simple convexity meningioma

Complex skull base meningioma &

Intra-ventricular meningioma

Meningiomas cannot be diagnosed if there are no symptoms.


The symptoms are

Vomiting

Convulsions or seizures

Severe headache

Blurred vision etc

The structures surrounding the tumor like brain, blood vessels, nerves may get direct pressure from meningiomas.

The best cure for these tumors are complete Micro-surgical removal of tumor.


Pineocytomas

Pineocytomas are generally occur in the center of the Brain.

These are seen in adults and are non-invasive, slow-growing and homogeneous.

It is derived from pineal cells and can be successfully removed.


Pituitary Adenoma

The most common intracranial tumors next to meningiomas, gliomas and schwannomas are Pituitary Adenoma.

These are seen in children and amoung people in the age between 30s & 40s.

Adenomas are the most common tumor affecting the pituitary.

Symptoms are,

Nausea or vomiting

Headaches in the forehead area


Sexual dysfunction and infertility

Muscle weakness etc

Trans Nasal Endoscopic Surgery is one of the best method for removing the tumor completely.

Advantages are,

Less invasive

Fewer side effects

Faster recovery


Schwannomas

Schwannomas are the most common non-cancerous tumor seen in adults.

These develop in nerves and comprised of nerve cells which provides electrical insulation for nerve cells.

Acoustic neuromas is the common schwannomas tumor.

Even though it is non-cancerous it may lead to death because of pressure causing directly to nerves upto the brain.


Symptoms are,

Hearing impairment in one ear.

Tinnitus

Loss of balance or dizziness

Decreased eye closure and facial weakness

The best treatment for this is surgery which is done by high end microscope under electro-physiologic monitoring.


Cancerous Tumor - Gliomas

Gliomas are common cancerous tumor seen in adults.

These are seen 80% of amoung cancerous tumors.

These are different types,

Astrocytomas

Ependymomas


Glioblastoma multiforme

Medulloblastomas

Oligodendrogliomas

Other types of Brain Tumors

Hemangioblastomas : Slow growing tumor, seen commonly in men and located in cerebellum. Originate from blood vessels and normally large in size.

Rhabdoid Tumors : It is rare but aggressive and will spread fully in central nervous system. More commonly seen in kidneys.


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brain tumor and its types

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