brain topography 2

8/12/2019 Brain Topography 2

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1. Internal carotid

(anterior) and

Vertebrobasilar

system

(posterior),

which

anastamose at the

circle of willis

The brain receives blood from which two

sets of arteries?

2. Top right

clockwise:

Anterior Cerebral

Anterior Cerebral

Middle Cerebral

Posterior

Communicating

Middle Cerebral

Internal Carotid

3. Top right:

Superior

Cerebellar

Basilar Artery

AICA

PICA

Posterior Spinal

Vertebral

Anterior Spinal

Posterior cerebral

4. Uncus - bump off

parahippocampal

gyrus, containing

some of olfactory

complex

Close proximity to

CN III, (top black

arrow in this

picture)

Where is the Uncus located relative to the

vasculature and what is its function?

5. Between PCA and

SCerebellarA

Where is CN III relative to circle of willis?

6. Cervical ->

petrous (in

petrous bone of

temporal) ->

cavernous (in

cavernous sinus)

-> cerbral

(piercing

meninges)

What are the names of the parts of the

internal carotid before it gets to circle of

willis?

7. -through

longitudinal

fissure

-medial surface

of frontal,

parietal lobe,

extending to

parietal occipital

notch

-blood to

paracentral

lobule (pre, post-

central gyri),

EXPLAINS

LOWER

EXTREMITY

WEAKNESS BC

OF ACA

INFARCT

-gives

pericallosal

branch (ant.

4/5ths corpus

callosum)

-cingulate gyrus

(just above

corpus callosum,

part of limbic

system)

-medial striate

arteries to deep

brain

Describe course and blood supply given by

anterior cerebral artery

Brain Topography 2Study online at quizlet.com/_olut8


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8. Head of caudate

Anterior limb of

internal capsule

Medial striate arteries supply which two

deep brain structures?

(shown in blue)

9. Choroid plexus

of lateral

ventricle,

hipocampus,

part of basal

ganglia

What do the Anterior Choroidal Arteries

supply?

10.Yes. Central

artery of retina

Remember:

opthalmic artery

comes right off

of internal

carotid

Does the opthalmic artery have any

important branches?

11. Lateral cortical surface

(sides of head)

-sensorimotor of hand,

face, upper trunk,

auditory and speech

areas

-lateral portions of

frontal/parietal/temporal

-courses through lateral

fissure (sylvian)

Deep branches:

lenticulostriate aa's ->

deep brain

"artery of stroke"

What does middle cerebral artery supply

12. Subclavian -> transverse

process foramina in

cervical vertebra ->

foramen magnum ->

basilar artery

Describe the course of the vertebral arter

13. Spinal cord, cerebellum,

medulla

Vertebral artery blood supply

14. Lateral medulla, choroid

plexus of 4th ventricle,

cerebellum, dorsolateral

medulla

PICA blood supply

15. Temporal, occipital,

parietal cortex, branches

to midbrain and

thalamus

Posterior cerebral artery supply

16. False T/F The middle cerebral artery is part of

the circle of willis


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17. -located at

margins of

territories of

each cerebral

vessel -> less

robust perfusion

so susceptible to

damage in

hypotensive

events

"man in a

barrel"

-bilateral

cortical damage

-hands, feet

spared

-shoulder, trunk

musculature

parlyzed,

sensory loss as

well

-why? pre/post

central gyri

contain

watershed zone

where ACA/MCA

meet

What are watershed zones?

18. 1.

Autoregulation

-smooth muscle

responding to

stretch, thus bp

(high bp ->

constrict, etc.)

2. Response to

increased neural

activity

-astrocyte "end-

feet" applied to

arteries

-increase

activity -> inc.

glutamate ->

vasodilating

factors released

-> increasedblood flow

(3. Autonomic

innervation ->

less understood)

Describe the two forms of blood flow

regulation in CNS

19. Middle

meningeal

arteries supply

dura mater

-through floor,

lateral wall of

middle cranial

fossa, enters via

foramen

spinosum

-GSA: CN V for

middle/anterior

fossa; X for

posterior fossa

-inc ICP -> dura

mater stretched

-> headache

Blood supply and innervation of the

meninges

20. Subarachnoid

space

Cerebral arteries and veins are located in

what space?

21. Epidural

-ruptured

meningeal, like

from skull fract

-can compress

brain

Subdural

-between dura

and arachnoid

-rupture of

bridging vein

-inc. risk in

elderly b/c

shrinking

vessels/brains

Subarachnoid

-in

subarachnoid

space, from

trauma or

ruptured

aneurism

-"worst

headache of my

life" from

stretching of

meninges

Describe the different brain hemorrhages


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22. Typically at

bifurcation

point of vessel

At bifurcation of

circle of willis

Where can cerebral aneurisms typically

occur? What is a berry, "sacular"

aneurisms?

23.At optic chiasm -

> visual field

defecits

A AComm aneurism would lead to what

deficit?

24. Compress CN III

-> CN III Palsy

A PComm aneurism would lead to what

deficit?

25. Top right

clockwise:

Pineal body

Cerebral

aqueduct

Inferior horn of

lateral ventricle

Optic chiasm

Anterior horn of

lateral ventricle

Corpus

Callosum

3rd ventricle

Foramen of

Monroe

"blank, blank"

lateral ventricle

26. Top right

clockwise:

Pineal bodyCerebral

aqueduct

Foramen of

Magnelie

(median

aperture)

Foramen of

Lushka (lateral

recesses)

4th ventricle

Inferior horn of

lateral ventricle

Bottom most:

central canal

27.Anterior and

posterior horn

of lateral

ventricle


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28. Choroid plexuses

of lateral and 3rd

ventricles ->

(interventricular)

foramina of

monroe (if in lat) -

> cerebral

aqueduct -> 4th

ventrical ->

median/lateral

apertures/recesses

-> pontine cisterna

(anterior) or

cisterna magna

Pontine ->

subarachnoid up

through posterior

meninges

Magna -> down

central canal into

spinal cord, or

posterior

meninges

Describe the flow of CSF

29.Arachnoid villi

(granulations) into

the sinuses

Note sinus is

enothelium lined

How does CSF get from subarachnoid

space to venous sinuses?

30. Lateral, 3rd, 4th

ventricles

Blood-CSF barrier

-choroid

epithelium

(ependymal cells)tight junctions

-choroid capillary

fenestrations

-active transport of

wanted molecules

-500 cc's produced

a day

Where and how does the choroid plexusmake CSF?

31. Salts, glucose, proteins, some

mononuclear cells; more Mg, Cl,

less K, Ca

Buoyancy, maintain EC,

neuronal sink, distribute

hormones, NOT effected by bp

or intraventricular pressure

Contents and function of CSF

32. False. CSF partly controls ISFfor brain. There ARE tight

junctions between arachnoid

and dura

T/F The brain-CSF interface h

junctions

33. Increased CSF -> expansion ofventricles and subarachnoid

spaces

Noncommunicating/obstructive

and

communicating/nonobstructive

What is hydrocephalus?

34. Obstructions in ventricular

system

-aqueductal stenosis, tumors

-congenital -> VP shunt

(ventriculoperitoneal)

why noncommuinicating? b/cventricle CSF cannot

"communicate" with

subarachnoid CSF

Describe non-communicat

hydrocephalus

35. Outflow obstructions in

arachnoid granulations

-there IS communication

between ventricle andsubarachnoid CSF

-meningitis or intracranial

bleeds

-Communicating, "normal

pressure," or hyrocephalus ex

vacuo

Describe communicating hydroc


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36. Communicating

-arachnoid

granulations

can't absorb CSF

-ICP increase

-papilledema,

brain herniation

Normal

Pressure

-episodic inc. in

CSF pressure

-elderly triad:

incontinence,

gait, dementia

-VP shunting

Hydrocephalus

Ex Vacuo

-CSF replaces

brain tissue

-alztheimer's,

stroke,

-no inc ICP

Describe three types of communicating

hydrocephalus

37. Flocculus (top

left)

Tonsils (top

right)

Vermis (bottom)

38. Right:

hemisphere

Bottom: vermis

39. Top right

clockwise

Superior

cerebellar

peduncle

Middle

cerebellar

peduncle

Inferior

cerebellar

peduncle

Nodulus

Tonsil

Flocculus

brain topography 2

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