brain

Spine (vertebrae)

Spinal cord

H&W Outcome

• I am developing my understanding of the human body and can use this knowledge to maintain and improve my wellbeing and health.

HWB 3-15a / HWB 4-15a

Throughout this unit, the following Health and Wellbeing learning outcome will be covered in great detail:

H&W

Lesson 12 – Learning outcomes

• Know the structure and function of the nervous system

• Know that the brain receives signals from the senses, controls movement and stores information

Central Nervous System

-is the brain and the spine

The brain receives informationfrom the peripheral nervous System via the spinal cord.

The brain is protected by the skull and the spinal cord is protected by vertebrae. The vertebrae are a series of disc type bones that make up the back bone.

inside of the skull

adult skull

infant skull

Apart from size, what is the difference between the infant and the adult skulls?

Why should you be extra careful with a baby’s head ?

Why is it important to avoid heavy knocks to the head ?

Spinal cord and vertebrae

a closer look

spinal cordposition

vertebra(single)vertebraldisc (cartilage)

What do you think is meant by a slipped disc?

Why is the spine made up of small bones, vertebrae, thanone single bone?

The peripheral nervous systemis made up from many nerve cells.The nerve cells extend from the spinal cord connecting to other nerve cells going to all parts ofyour body.

Nerve Cells

Electrical signal passesalong the neurone

Chemical signal arrives from another neurone

The nervous system is made up from different types ofnerve cells called neurones. They pass information from one cell to another by an electrical-chemical signal. Someneurones take information from the body to the CNS andothers take information from the brain to parts of the body

Chemical signalleaves to go toanother neurone

Work with a partner on a show me board. Create a spider diagram giving as many functions of the brain as you can.

How did you do ? Look at the diagram on the next slide

Brain functions

The body is controlled by the brain, by sending messages through the CNS and peripheral nervous system. The brain also receives information from the senses, and stores information.

Test your knowledge 121. Name the two main parts of the central nervous

system (CNS).2. For each part, state how it is protected.3. Name a part of the body that sends signals to the

brain.4. Name a part of the body that the brain sends

signals to.5. Apart from sending and receiving signals, give

another function of the brain.

Answers

1. Brain and spinal cord2. Brain is protected by the skull, spinal cord is

protected by the bones of the spine (vertebrae)

3. The senses – eye, ear, skin, tongue, nose 4. The muscles, the organs, the skin5. Storing information (memory), analysing

information (thinking), controlling body functions

Starter• On a Show Me Board, unscramble the

following letters to make a new word.

narib kulsl sunvroeunoeern

reath luspe neiv nugl

Your Secret Star Pupil has already been chosen!

Lesson 13 – Learning outcomes

• Know the three main parts of the brain and the main functions of these

• Know that the left and right sides of the brain control different functions

• Know about the cells which carry nervous impulses around the body

Cerebellum

Cerebrum

Medulla

There are three main parts in the human brain

Cerebellum-

Cerebrum -

Medulla (brain stem)-

control of balance andcoordination

Controls many functions e.ghearing, sight, thought, memory, movement etc.

regulates breathing, heart rate, body temperature

http://www.stroke.org/page_images/Brain_Animation.html

The cerebrum is responsible for controlling a number of functionsthat we take for granted in our life. Watch the animation, then mark on your diagram the location on the cerebrum where they are controlled from.

Right and left side of the brainIt is known that the right and left hand side of the brain deal with different functions.

Right and left side of the brainIt is known that the right and left hand side of the brain deal with different functions.

If you see the..DANCER ROTATING CLOCKWISE = RIGHT-BRAINED you are creative minded …or DANCER ROTATING COUNTER-CLOCKWISE = LEFT-BRAINED you are logical minded.

Do you think you are more right brained or left brained?You could make a note of 5 functions from each side!

Test your knowledge 13

1. What part of the brain controls a) balance and coordination b) heart rate and breathing c) movement and conscious thoughts2. Which side of the cerebrum (left or right) is

associated with logical thinking?3. What other name is given to nerve cells?

Answers

1. a) cerebellum b) medulla c) cerebrum2. Left side3. Neurones

Lesson 14 – Learning outcomes

• Know about the health risks to the nervous system and how these can be avoided

• Know that the brain can sometimes misinterpret information and be tricked

How is your brain fuelled ?

Like all parts of your body, the brain needs a constant supply of glucose (from the digestive system) and oxygen (from the respiratory system) to keep the cells working properly.

Brain damageThink, pair and share

• It is important to take care of your brain and CNS, as brain cells and the spinal cord do not easily repair themselves, so damage could be permanent.

• Try to think of ways in which damage to the brain or CNS could occur. How could this damage be avoided or the risk reduced?

• Think on your own for one minute, then discuss with a partner, then share your ideas with another pair.

• Your teacher will then ask each group to tell the class their ideas.

Brain damageSummarise your ideas in a table

POSSIBLE CAUSE OF DAMAGE TO BRAIN OR CNS

HOW TO REDUCE THE RISK

The size of the human brainis thought to be responsible for the success of the humanspecies in relation to otherspecies.

Can the brain be tricked?

How many black dots are there ?

Are the wheels turning ?

Your mission now is to look for “The Hidden Tiger” in the image below. Put your hand up when you see the hidden tiger.

Look at the following slides say the colournot the word

white

black

green

yellow

red

blue

green

aqua

pink

yellow

green

red

yellow

brown

white

How did you do?

Pupils should have prepared a presentation on ‘how modern technologies are used within medicine’.

Test your knowledge 14

1. Give one example of how the brain could become damaged.

2. Give one example of how the spinal cord could become damaged.

3. State one way of reducing the risk of damage to the brain or spinal cord.

4. Why is it especially important to prevent damage to your brain and spinal cord?

Answers

1. Road accident, falling, near-drowning, lack of oxygen, drug abuse, alcohol abuse.

2. Road accident, falling.3. Wear helmet, wear seatbelt, cross roads

safely, avoid use of drugs or alcohol, check pool depth before diving, wear lifejacket .

4. The brain and spinal cord do not repair themselves easily, so damage could be permanent.

Additional teacher information