brain slides
DESCRIPTION
Basic neuroscience information from a general psychology course that I teach.TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Nervous SystemThe Nervous System
The Brain and BehaviorThe Brain and Behavior
![Page 2: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What didPhrenologist
Do?
![Page 3: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
PhrenologyDeveloped byFranz Gall (1758)
![Page 4: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
EEG- ElectroencephalographBrain waves are measured by electrodes attached to the scalpan amplified recording of the electrical activity of the brain
![Page 5: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
MRI ScanMRI Scan
![Page 6: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
PET ScanPositron Emission Tomography
![Page 7: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
PET Scan
Images
![Page 8: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Lobes of the Brain
SpeakingMuscle movementsMaking plansJudgments
Registers spatial locationAttentionMotor control
HearingLanguage processingMemory
Visual: color, shape, motion
![Page 12: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Regions of the Cortex
Cortex = “bark”
![Page 13: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Left Hemisphere
![Page 14: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Interior ofThe Brain
![Page 15: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Reptilian Brain
HeartbeatRespirationArousal
Brain Stem
![Page 16: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Limbic SystemHungerThirstEmotionsSex
Old Mammalian Brain
MasterGland of theEndocrine system
Relay station
Involved in Memory Formation
![Page 17: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CerebrumNew Mammalian Brain
Higher Processes, Thinking, Reasoning
![Page 18: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Gage was a railroad construction foremanAn 1848 explosion forced a steel tamping rod through his headOthers said he was “…no longer Gage…”Lost his job, worked as a sideshow exhibit
The Case of Phineas Gage
![Page 19: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Neuronsthe basic building block of the nervous system
![Page 21: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Types of NeuronsTypes of Neurons
Sensory or Afferent Neurons Sensory or Afferent Neurons Carries incoming information from the Carries incoming information from the
sense receptors to the central nervous sense receptors to the central nervous systemsystem
Motor or Efferent NeuronsMotor or Efferent NeuronsCarries outgoing information from the Carries outgoing information from the
CNS to muscles and glandsCNS to muscles and glands Interneurons Interneurons
Connecting neuronsConnecting neurons
![Page 22: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
•Neurons in a newborn’s brain are widely spaced, but form
connections quickly.
![Page 23: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Impoverished vs Enriched
Environments
![Page 24: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Parts of a Neuron
![Page 25: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Neural Transmission
![Page 26: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
NeurotransmittersNeurotransmitters
DopamineDopamine: motor, emotions, : motor, emotions, intellectual functionsintellectual functions
SerotoninSerotonin: sleep, moods: sleep, moodsNorephinephrineNorephinephrine: memory, optimism, : memory, optimism,
enthusiasmenthusiasmEndorphinsEndorphins: opiate-lke regulators, : opiate-lke regulators,
pain-killing effectpain-killing effect
![Page 27: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
NeurotransmissionNeurotransmission
Resting PotentialResting Potential more negative electrical chargemore negative electrical charge -70 mill volts-70 mill volts
Action PotentialAction Potential Sodium (+) and potassium (-) ion balance Sodium (+) and potassium (-) ion balance
reaches about - 50 mill voltsreaches about - 50 mill voltsReuptake or Enzyme actionReuptake or Enzyme action
Ending of neurotransmissionEnding of neurotransmissionSSRI’s, like Prozac interfere with reuptakeSSRI’s, like Prozac interfere with reuptake
![Page 30: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
NeurotransmittersNeurotransmittersReleased when action potential occursReleased when action potential occursExcitatory and Inhibitory functionsExcitatory and Inhibitory functions
- - InhibitoryInhibitory: Lowers the charge in the receiving : Lowers the charge in the receiving neuron, inhibiting neurotransmissionneuron, inhibiting neurotransmission- - ExcitatoryExcitatory: Raises the charge in the receiving : Raises the charge in the receiving neuron to the threshold so it will fireneuron to the threshold so it will fire
Lock & Key HypothesisLock & Key HypothesisNeurotransmitters and their receptor sites have Neurotransmitters and their receptor sites have
accommodating chemical shapesaccommodating chemical shapes
![Page 31: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
LEFTControls theRight SideOf the Body
RIGHTControls theLeft Side ofThe Body
-Non verbalVerbalAbilities
![Page 32: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Corpus Callosum
Connects the two hemispheres
![Page 33: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
A Visual-Spatial Task
![Page 34: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
GenderDifferencesIn theLeft HemisphereIn the IncidenceOf Aphasias
![Page 35: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Visual Pathways
![Page 36: Brain Slides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062616/54b52a394a795977538b45a9/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Endocrine System