brain computer interface - pdfs.semanticscholar.org · what is brain computer interface? a system...
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Brain Computer Interface
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Outline
• What is Brain Computer Interface (BCI)
• Tools in BCI
• BCI today
• Future of BCI
• Ethical Issues in BCI
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Outline
• What is Brain Computer Interface (BCI)
• Tools in BCI
• BCI today
• Future of BCI
• Ethical Issues in BCI
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Science-fiction 1960s
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2012 (Cathy Hutchinson )
• Movie: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ogBX18maUiM
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What is Brain Computer Interface?
A system for either reading out the information from the brain to be translated by a computer to motor commands or simple acts of communication,
Or systems for brining information into
the brain in a way that enables the equivalent of sensations or perception
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Outline
• What is Brain Computer Interface
• Tools in BCI
– EEG
– ECOG
– TMS
• BCI today
• Future of BCI
• Ethical Issues
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electroencephalogram (EEG)
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test that detects electrical activity in your brain using small, flat metal discs (electrodes) attached to your scalp.
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What EEG is recording?
The brain is consisted of million of neurons.
They connected to each other and form networks.
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What EEG is recording?
• They communicate are through electrical signals.
• The electrical signals
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• The electrical activity of one neuron is too small, but we can record the electrical activity of tens of thousands of neurons
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What Equipments are used to capture these EEG signals?
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EEG Data
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Benefits of EEG
• Fast (Records in the order of Milliseconds)
• Safe (It passively records the signals)
• No Surgery
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Weakness of EEG
Poor Spatial Resolution (Doesn’t present where exactly the signals come from)
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Weakness of EEG
Poor Spatial Resolution (Doesn’t present where exactly the signals come from)
How to overcome this weakness?
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Outline
• What is Brain Computer Interface
• Tools in BCI
– EEG
– ECOG
– TMS
• BCI today
• Future
• Ethical Issues
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Electrocorticography (ECoG)
Electrocorticography (ECoG) is the practice of using electrodes placed directly on the exposed surface of the brain to record electrical activity from the cerebral cortex.
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Implanted Electrodes
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Outline
• What is Brain Computer Interface
• Tools in BCI
– EEG
– ECOG
– TMS
• BCI Today
• Future
• Ethical Issues
![Page 23: Brain Computer Interface - pdfs.semanticscholar.org · What is Brain Computer Interface? A system for either reading out the information from the brain to be translated by a computer](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043008/5f991a6da8aa4f07fa2dcd0e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
What is Brain Computer Interface?
A system for either reading out the information from the brain to be translated by a computer to motor commands or simple acts of communication,
Or systems for brining information into
the brain in a way that enables the equivalent of sensations or perception
![Page 24: Brain Computer Interface - pdfs.semanticscholar.org · What is Brain Computer Interface? A system for either reading out the information from the brain to be translated by a computer](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043008/5f991a6da8aa4f07fa2dcd0e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
TMS (Transacranial Magnetic Stimulation)
TMS is a magnetic field generator. It produces small electrical currents in the region of the brain just under the generator via electromagnetic induction.
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Outline
• What is Brain Computer Interface
• Tools use in BCI
• BCI Today
• Future
• Ethical Issues
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Helping paralyzed people
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Interface between computer and nervous system
Kevin Warwick in 1998 put a direct interfaces between computer systems and the his nervous system.
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Brain to Brain communication
• University of Washington, Communicate by thought signals alone
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Brain to Brain communication
• Movie:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3rwDxSJQ7o
• http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2403851/Brain-brain-interface-allows-researcher-control-colleagues-hand-internet.html#v-2634307785001
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Monkey with a robotic arm
• Movie:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxIgdOlT2cY
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Emotive EEG signal reading
A company now is providing EEG caps for a reasonable price There are application on iphone for using these caps
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Playing games without hands
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Typing without hands
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Outline
• What is Brain Computer Interface
• Tools use in BCI
• BCI today
• Future of BCI
• Ethical Issues
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Future of BCI
• Humans who advantage from computer directly.
– Rapid math
– Call on Internet knowledge rapidly
– Increased memory
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Future of BCI
• Advancing the technology for helping paralyzed people
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Future of BCI
• Helping blind people to see
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Future of BCI
• Enhance human vision and let them to see wavelengths that is not visible with eyes
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Future of BCI
• Humans with artificial limbs
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Future of BCI
• Perceiving things that are not normally possible:
Understanding multi-diementiality
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Future of BCI
• Memories of what you haven’t experience
• Upload somebody else’s memory to yours
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Outline
• What is Brain Computer Interface
• Tools use in BCI
• Applications
• Future
• Ethical Issues
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Problems and Ethical issues
• How humanity will change?
• (Trans-humanisem)
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Problems and Ethical issues
• Enhance the power of humans
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Problems and Ethical issues
• If BCI stop working or send wrong signals
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Problems and Ethical issues
• Hack the brain
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Summary
• BCI research has succeeded in its initial goal: proving that It is useful for paralyzed people
• BCIs are gaining attention for healthy users and new goals are defined
• Many ethical issues will emerge as BCI research advances that should be considered