brain computer interface

05/03/2023 Brain Computer Interface 1

Department of Physical Science and Technology Faculty of Applied Sciences

Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka

BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE


ContentIntroductionChallenges in BCIBCI SystemHow BCI worksBCI TypesInvasive BCI Acquisition TechniquesPartially Invasive BCI Acquisition Techniques Non Invasive BCI Acquisition TechniquesBCI Signal TypesClassification of BCI SignalsApplications of BCIAdvantages of BCIDisadvantages of BCI


IntroductionBrain Computer Interface is a direct connection

between computer and human brain.

The BCI can lead to many applications especially for disabled person.

BCI applications utilize the brain and its nervous system functions.


Introduction


Challenges in BCILow BCI signal strengthData transfer rateHigh error rateInaccurate signal classification


BCI System


How BCI works


BCI TypesInvasive BCI acquisition

techniques Partially Invasive BCI acquisition

techniques Non Invasive BCI acquisition

techniques


Invasive BCI Acquisition Techniques

Invasive BCI devices have to be used to capture brain signals.

Invasive BCI devices are inserted directly into the human brain by a critical surgery.

These devices have the highest quality of human brain signals.


Partially Invasive BCI Acquisition Techniques

Partially Invasive BCI devices are implanted inside the skull but rest outside the brain.

Signal strength using this type of BCI is bit weaker.

Partially Invasive BCIs have less risk of scar tissue formation.


Non Invasive BCI Acquisition Techniques

Non Invasive BCI has the least signal clarity when it comes to communicating with the brain.

It has less risk than the above two methods.


BCI Signal TypesThere are a plethora of signals, which can be used for

BCI. These signals are divide into two classes: spikes and

field potentials.Classification of EEG signals:

◦Delta◦Theta◦Alpha◦Beta◦Gamma


Classification of BCI SignalsDelta signal

Theta signal

Alpha signal

Beta signal

Gamma signal


Applications of BCIProvide disabled people with communication,

environment control, and movement restoration.

Provide enhanced control of devices such as wheelchairs, vehicles, or assistance robots for people with disabilities.

Provide additional channel of control in computer games.


Applications of BCIMonitor attention in long-distance drivers or

aircraft pilots, send out alert and warning for aircraft pilots.

Develop intelligent relaxation devices.

Control robots that function in dangerous or inhospitable situations.

“Google Search” through brain.


Projects• Brain Gate• Australian Bionic Eye• Honda Asimo Control• Gaming Control


Honda Asimo Control


Bionic Eye


Advantages of BCIAllow paralyzed people to control

prosthetic limbs with their mind.Transmit visual images to mind of blind

person.Transmit auditory data to mind of deaf

person.Allow gamers to control video games

with their mind.


Disadvantages of BCIThe brain is incredibly complex.Signal is weak and prone to interference.The equipment is less than portable.


Future??


ConclusionBCI is an advancing technology promising paradigm

shift in areas like Machine Control, Human reality and etc. So, it’s potentially high impact technology.


References Melody, M.: Real-world applications for brain-computer

interface technology. IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng. 11(2), 162–165 (2003)

Pei, X., Barbour, D., Leuthardt, E., Schalk, G.: Decoding vowels and consonants in spoken and imagined words using electrocorticographic signals in humans. J. Neural. Eng. 8(4), 1–11 (2011)

Azar, A.T., Balas, V.E., Olariu, T.: Classification of EEG-based brain-computer interfaces. advanced intelligent computational technologies and decision support systems. Stud. Comput. Intell. 486, 97 –106 (2014)

Buckner, R., Andrews-Hanna, J., Schacter, D.: The brain’s default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1124,1 –38 (2008)


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